1137:, then governor of Yunnan, was overthrown by Long Yun and his allies. Long Yun succeeded as the new governor and served as governor of Yunnan from 1928-45. When he was in power he put forward the goal of building a new Yunnan. He carried out a series of reorganizations and reforms from political, military, economic, cultural and educational aspects. During this period Yunnan was politically clear, had good social stability and a strong atmosphere of democracy. He consolidated and reorganized the economy, expanded paper money in the region and reorganized the tariff tax regulations. He prioritized textile export while reorganizing and developing production of tin ore, tungsten, antimonies, copper, salt, coal and other resources. Another big part of his project was the improvement of infrastructure, which was very poor in Yunnan. To improve it, he established a transportation enterprise that built the Yunnan-Burma Highway, the Diankang Road, the Sichuan-Yunnan West Road, the Yunnan-Sichuan Road, the Yunnan-Guangxi Highway and the Diankang Highway. He also paid much attention to the agricultural parts of Yunnan. He implemented measuring of land and later used the information they achieved to put through a reformed tax collection. He worked to expand grain farming, reduce tax revenue and strived to achieve food self-sufficiency for all farmers. Due to Long Yun's reforms,
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1331:
Long Yun refused to change his view and openly complained of his treatment for telling the truth. Ultimately, on the day following his death in 1962, the
Chinese government formally declared that he was not a rightist and was thus partially "rehabilitated." In July 1980, nearly two decades after his
1190:
sent a secret memorandum to Chiang Kai-shek asking that the bond sales end. Subscriptions were closed on
October 15, 1943 and a central bank official falsely announced that all bonds had been sold. Secretly, insiders then purchased the remaining bonds using currency acquired on the black market. The
1172:
The campaign involved
Chinese troops, assisted by American forces, crossing the upper Salween on 11 May 1944 in order to drive Japanese forces from Yunnan into northern Burma. On 11 May about 40,000 Chinese of the Chinese Expeditionary Force crossed the Salween initially and a further 60,000 arrived
1243:
earlier, but he had refused. The absence of his army, however, led to the final extraction. That night, 5 October 1945 ("the
Kunming Incident"), rifles fired in Kunming and the next morning a score of bodies lay at the South Gate. For four days the battle continued as soldiers of Chiang Kai-shek's
1185:
in an effort to curb inflation. In theory, Chinese purchasers would use fabi to buy bonds at the official exchange rate and be paid in dollars when the bonds were redeemed following victory over Japan. The
American Dollar Bonds were issued on March 24, 1942. The public response was poor, with few
1176:
Long was among the
Nationalist government insiders implicated in corruption during the 1942-1943 American Dollar Bond scandal. After the 1941 Japanese declaration of war against the United States and the United Kingdom, the two allies sought to support China in a concrete way despite logistical
1173:
later. About 17,000–19,000 Chinese and 15,000 Japanese were killed in the resulting battle. There were more
Chinese casualties because the Japanese had time to prepare their fortifications on the south side of the river.
1227:
moved against Long Yun. When Chiang had retreated into western China, he was forced into an area barely under his control and hardly touched by the national revolution that had taken place after the fall of the
1236:. When Long Yun's turn came in 1945, he was caught by surprise: patriotically obeying Chiang's diversionary orders, a good part of his private army of over 100,000 men had marched far away, into Indochina.
1117:, launched a coup and expelled Tang from office. Soon after that he became 38th Army commander in the National Revolutionary Army, at the same time continuing as Yunnan chairman for more than a decade.
1157:
made Yunnan the corridor through which supplies flowed to Allied bases in all parts of China, and
Kunming became a key U.S. Air Force base. A major advance by the Japanese Army along the upper
1232:. Both of the two principal provinces of west China, Szechwan (pop.: 60 million) and Yunnan (pop.: 11 million), were dominated by old-style warlords. In 1941, Chiang had ousted the warlord of
1109:
Long Yun participated in the anti-Qing struggle in its early years. First he joined the local warlord's army in 1911 and was gradually promoted to the rank of corps commander. He served in
1149:
He was nominated as commander-in-chief of the 1st Army Group, fighting against the
Japanese in his province. The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–45) brought progress and modernization to
1413:
1842:
1181:. The two countries loaned significant amounts of money to the Nationalist government. The Nationalist government decided to use USD$ 200 million to absorb excess
1295:
2011:
1291:
1286:
Long Yun went back to Yunnan in 1950, after the establishment of the People's
Republic. By inviting him back, the Communists were acting on the principle of
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1332:
death, he was finally fully "rehabilitated" in accordance with the Chinese government's policy of admitting the Anti-Rightist Movement had been wrong.
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in Hong Kong. The KMT-RC ultimately became the largest "democratic party" under Communist Party rule after the founding of the People's Republic).
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1012:
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1743:
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1379:
British documents on foreign affairs: reports and papers from the Foreign Office confidential print. From 1946 through 1950. Asia, Volume 2
1320:, Long Yun was labeled a rightist because of his criticism of Chinese foreign aid policy. He maintained that if the living standard in the
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1350:
1298:. He also became vice-chairman of the National Defense Committee and vice-chairman of the Administrative Council of Southwestern China.
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1328:, not China, since the Chinese economy was much less advanced than that of the Soviet Union since China was still recovering from wars.
1102:). His Yi name was Naji Niaoti (纳吉鸟梯) or Naji Jiajia (纳吉岬岬), while Long Yun was a Han Chinese name he adopted later. He was a cousin of
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2001:
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British documents on foreign affairs: reports and papers from the Foreign Office confidential print. From 1946-1950. Asia, Volume 2
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After being removed from his reign of 18 years, and his meaningless appointment to a position in Chongqing, Long Yun escaped to
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The Cambridge History of China: Volume 14, The People's Republic, Part 1, The Emergence of Revolutionary China, 1949-1965
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In 1956, he visited Eastern European countries such as the Soviet Union, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and others.
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was so high that many ordinary workers could own their own car, the responsibility for foreign aid should fall on the
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army assaulted the place. Only a few companies of Long's troops did any shooting; the warlord never had a chance.
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1290:. Long Yun was not only reinstalled as Governor but awarded several high-ranking positions such as member of the
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result was a windfall for Nationalist government insiders including Long, Kung, members of the
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anti-Chiang organization. In August 1949 he declared his revolt against Chiang together with
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The Collapse of Nationalist China: How Chiang Kai-shek Lost China's Civil War
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Tibet and nationalist China's frontier: intrigues and ethnopolitics, 1928-49
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1724:(The Republic of China warlord cliques discussed), 2007 revised edition
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Who's Who In Communist China, Union Research Institute Hong Kong, 1966
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flew down from Chongqing. He and the Chinese commander in chief, Gen.
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1113:'s Yunnan Army for years until February 1927, when he, together with
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1141:(capital of Yunnan) was commonly known as a "democratic fortress".
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1210:(right) and General Long Yun (left) inspecting troops of the
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Office of the People' s Government of Yunnan Province,
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from 1927 to October 1945, when he was overthrown in a
1349:
Office of the People's Government of Yunnan Province,
1489:
Paul Preston; Michael Partridge; Antony Best (2000).
1376:
Paul Preston; Michael Partridge; Antony Best (2000).
1687:
1296:
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
1064:; 27 November 1884 – 27 June 1962) was governor and
1495:. University Publications of America. p. 63.
1382:. University Publications of America. p. 63.
1292:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
1528:Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang
1304:Long Yun died in June 27, 1962. He was buried in
183:Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang
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1681:
1239:Long Yun had been offered a face-saving job in
1794:
1694:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 277–.
1459:Echoes of history: Naxi music in modern China
1223:Immediately following the war, Generalissimo
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329:Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
73:January 17, 1928 – October 2, 1945
2238:Warlord Rebellion in northeastern Shandong
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1462:. Oxford University Press US. p. 14.
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2224:Third Red Spears' uprising in Shandong
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1096:, and a grandson of a tribal headman (
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1688:Roderick MacFarquhar (26 June 1987).
1622:
1120:
1076:(known as "The Kunming Incident") by
1548:Walker, Hugh Dyson (November 2012).
1455:
1281:
1595:
1408:
13:
1922:Constitutional Protection Movement
1288:the enemy of my enemy is my friend
1268:Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee
1266:at the end of 1948 and joined the
1177:limitations following the loss of
14:
2494:
1712:
2210:Looting of the Eastern Mausoleum
2070:Canton Merchants' Corps Uprising
1821:
1809:
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1521:
1306:Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery
1133:After the remarkable "26" coup,
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2141:Nationalist-Communist Civil War
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1554:. AuthorHouse. pp. 621–.
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1:
2439:Republic of China (1912–1949)
1888:Empire of China (Yuan Shikai)
1729:Generals from China: Long Yun
1335:
1186:bond sales. In October 1943,
1087:
1972:Occupation of Outer Mongolia
16:Chinese governor and warlord
7:
2287:Soviet invasion of Xinjiang
2022:Washington Naval Conference
1218:
1212:Chinese Expeditionary Force
1068:of the Chinese province of
265:National Revolutionary Army
10:
2499:
2349:National Pacification Army
2214:Northeast Flag Replacement
2120:Zhongshan Warship Incident
1817:and warlordism during the
1632:Cambridge University Press
1630:. Cambridge New York, NY:
1247:On the fourth day Premier
154:People's Republic of China
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2065:Second Zhili–Fengtian War
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2049:
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2027:
2017:
2012:1st National CPC Congress
2007:
2002:Spirit Soldier rebellions
1997:
1987:
1977:
1967:
1947:
1937:
1927:
1917:
1907:
1897:
1883:
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1421:. UBC Press. p. 23.
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195:Yunnan Military Institute
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2192:Muslim conflict in Gansu
2162:Shanghai Commune of 1927
2152:Nanking incident of 1927
2032:First Zhili–Fengtian War
1551:East Asia: A New History
1145:Second Sino-Japanese War
317:Second Sino-Japanese War
2110:Canton–Hong Kong strike
1892:National Protection War
1734:Rulers; China; Long Yun
1092:Long Yun was an ethnic
605:Sustainable development
529:Progressive nationalism
2096:May Thirtieth Movement
1952:Paris Peace Conference
1665:"八宝山龙云墓,八宝山墓地 - 伤感说说吧"
1318:Anti-Rightist Movement
1312:Anti-Rightist movement
1215:
1161:in 1942 was halted at
1130:
899:Economic progressivism
583:Ecological engineering
544:Social justice warrior
507:Philosophy of progress
502:Philosophical progress
275:Republic of China Army
1992:Guangdong–Guangxi War
1942:Siberian intervention
1719:陈贤庆 (Chen Xianqing),
1524:"Long Yun and Yunnan"
1205:
1128:
987:Philosophy portal
975:Liberalism portal
921:Libertarian socialism
595:Scientific management
517:Progressive education
282:Years of service
95:Li Zonghuang (acting)
2483:People from Zhaotong
2247:Sino-Soviet conflict
1902:Death of Yuan Shikai
1775:at Wikimedia Commons
1456:Rees, Helen (2000).
1308:in grave number 81.
938:Classical radicalism
904:Democratic socialism
773:Roosevelt (Theodore)
768:Roosevelt (Franklin)
615:Techno-progressivism
610:Technological change
440:Economic development
397:New Culture Movement
372:Age of Enlightenment
2478:Governors of Yunnan
2206:Huanggutun incident
2136:Nanjing–Wuhan Split
2131:Northern Expedition
1961:May Fourth Movement
1080:under the order of
1038:traditional Chinese
916:Left-libertarianism
723:Kirchner (Cristina)
568:Scientific progress
551:Social organization
487:Liberation theology
467:Freedom of movement
435:Cultural liberalism
2258:Central Plains War
2092:Yunnan–Guangxi War
2043:First United Front
1912:Manchu Restoration
1878:Twenty-One Demands
1858:Bai Lang Rebellion
1316:Later, during the
1216:
1131:
1121:Governor of Yunnan
1030:simplified Chinese
928:Left-wing populism
763:Rodríguez Zapatero
590:Self-determination
578:Sustainable design
457:Empirical evidence
2445:
2444:
2431:
2430:
2322:
2321:
2273:Qinghai–Tibet War
2172:Shanghai massacre
2106:Anti-Fengtian War
2079:
2078:
1868:Second Revolution
1771:Media related to
1744:Battle of Salween
1701:978-0-521-24336-0
1641:978-1-009-29761-5
1561:978-1-4772-6516-1
1282:Return to Beijing
1023:
1022:
943:Social liberalism
718:Kirchner (Néstor)
600:Scientific method
561:List of countries
482:Industrialisation
472:Human enhancement
338:
337:
321:Chinese Civil War
237:Republic of China
123:November 27, 1884
2490:
2423:
2420:Communist Party
2415:
2269:Sino-Tibetan War
2182:July 15 Incident
2085:
2084:
2054:Lincheng Outrage
1956:Shandong Problem
1932:Golok rebellions
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1850:
1833:
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1522:Zhai, Xiaochun.
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1001:
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909:Social democracy
625:Women's suffrage
522:In Latin America
477:Idea of Progress
462:Direct democracy
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2074:Beijing Coup
2063:
2041:
1959:
1721:
1690:
1683:
1672:. Retrieved
1668:
1659:
1650:
1627:
1587:, retrieved
1583:the original
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1531:. Retrieved
1517:
1506:. Retrieved
1491:
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1473:. Retrieved
1458:
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1433:the original
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1393:. Retrieved
1378:
1371:
1361:, retrieved
1357:the original
1351:
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1326:Soviet Union
1322:Soviet Union
1315:
1303:
1300:
1285:
1270:(KMT-RC), a
1261:
1246:
1238:
1222:
1214:, March 1944
1197:Wei Tao-ming
1193:Soong family
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861:Muslim world
693:de Condorcet
683:Breckinridge
425:Christianity
313:Battles/wars
181:(1919–1948)
168:Yi ethnicity
145:(1962-06-27)
91:Succeeded by
68:
59:Governor of
28:
21:Chinese name
2463:1962 deaths
2458:1884 births
2412:Kuomintang
2397:New Guangxi
2392:Old Guangxi
2307:Two-Liu war
2297:Han–Liu War
1815:Warlord Era
1533:11 December
1208:Wei Lihuang
1163:Huitongqiao
955:Technocracy
866:South Korea
733:La Follette
392:Machine Age
277:(1947–1948)
267:(1927–1947)
257:(1911–1927)
185:(1950–1962)
160:Nationality
134:Qing Empire
79:Preceded by
25:family name
2452:Categories
2355:Zhili Army
1739:Britannica
1674:2023-07-27
1589:2017-05-16
1508:2011-06-05
1475:2010-06-28
1442:2010-06-28
1395:2011-06-05
1363:2017-05-16
1336:References
1253:He Yingqin
1249:T.V. Soong
1155:Burma Road
1135:Tang Jiyao
1111:Tang Jiyao
1088:Early life
1056:Wade–Giles
933:Liberalism
367:Atomic Age
217:Allegiance
191:Alma mater
179:Kuomintang
119:1884-11-27
84:Tang Jiyao
2473:Yi people
2402:Guangdong
2367:Guominjun
2279:1931–1935
2265:1930–1932
2220:1928–1929
2188:1927–1930
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2102:1925–1926
2038:1923–1927
2018:1921–1922
1998:1920–1926
1988:1920–1921
1968:1919–1921
1938:1918–1920
1928:1917–1929
1918:1917–1922
1884:1915–1916
1854:1911–1914
1839:1925–1934
1836:1915–1924
1264:Hong Kong
1241:Chongqing
1188:H.H. Kung
1167:Tengchong
1078:Du Yuming
846:Argentina
840:By region
828:Yavlinsky
497:Modernity
407:Space Age
285:1911–1948
203:"King of
69:In office
30:Long/Lung
2377:Xinjiang
2345:Fengtian
1843:Factions
1773:Long Yun
1626:(2023).
1578:Long Yun
1412:(2006).
1352:Long Yun
1294:and the
1219:Post-war
1206:General
1129:Long Yun
1115:Hu Ruoyu
1061:Lung Yun
1051:Lóng Yún
1026:Long Yun
823:Yamamoto
783:Sampedro
678:Brandeis
512:Progress
345:a series
343:Part of
300:Commands
200:Nickname
126:Zhaotong
40:Long Yun
19:In this
2407:Guizhou
2387:Sichuan
2330:Beiyang
2240:(incl.
1722:民国军阀派系谈
1234:Sichuan
1165:, near
1139:Kunming
1066:warlord
893:Related
803:Wallace
798:Trudeau
788:Sanders
728:Krugman
698:Douglas
663:Atatürk
620:Welfare
387:Jet Age
361:History
294:General
164:Chinese
150:Beijing
2382:Yunnan
2362:Shanxi
1698:
1638:
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1425:
1386:
1257:Lu Han
1151:Yunnan
1104:Lu Han
1070:Yunnan
1058::
1048::
1046:pinyin
1040::
1032::
876:Turkey
871:Taiwan
851:Brazil
818:Wilson
813:Weaver
808:Warren
708:Hughes
703:Hessel
658:Ardern
653:Addams
637:People
234:
205:Yunnan
130:Yunnan
98:Lu Han
61:Yunnan
23:, the
2422:(CCP)
2414:(KMT)
2340:Zhili
2335:Anhui
1436:(PDF)
1419:(PDF)
856:Japan
793:Smith
778:Rawls
758:Petro
748:Nehru
688:Bryan
673:Boric
419:Ideas
2313:1934
2303:1932
2293:1932
2253:1930
2230:1929
2198:1928
2178:1927
2168:1927
2158:1927
2148:1927
2116:1926
2088:1925
2060:1924
2050:1923
2028:1922
2008:1921
1978:1920
1948:1919
1908:1917
1898:1916
1874:1915
1864:1913
1696:ISBN
1636:ISBN
1556:ISBN
1535:2021
1497:ISBN
1464:ISBN
1423:ISBN
1384:ISBN
1230:Qing
1183:fabi
1099:tusi
1074:coup
743:Mill
738:Lula
713:Kant
668:Boff
290:Rank
166:(of
140:Died
113:Born
1272:KMT
1106:.
27:is
2454::
2372:Ma
2351:)
2285:/
2271:/
1667:.
1634:.
1597:^
1195:,
1094:Yi
1084:.
1054:;
1044:;
1042:龍雲
1036:;
1034:龙云
347:on
152:,
132:,
128:,
2347:(
2244:)
1802:e
1795:t
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1511:.
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1398:.
1028:(
1014:e
1007:t
1000:v
207:"
170:)
121:)
117:(
33:.
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