295:, sending a letter to the United Nations declaring it as null and void. Even though the ratification by the Libyan Parliament failed, GNA deposited the maritime agreement to the United Nations on December 27, with Turkey following on March 2 of the next year. On 14 July 2020, it is revealed that five countries sent a joint note verbale to the UN Secretariat calling for the agreement to not be registered and accepted, noting that, per UN procedures, its ratification by the Libyan Parliament is a prerequisite. On October 1, the UN Secretary-General, Antonio Guterres, registered the Turkey-GNA deal on the delimitation of maritime jurisdiction areas in the Mediterranean. The agreement "has been registered with the Secretariat, in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations," said the certificate of registration. The retired Turkish admiral
1486:
by Egypt's
Ministry of Foreign affairs it was stated that Skhirat Agreement, agreed upon by Libyans in December 2015, set the powers of the Government of National Accord. The eighth article of the agreement prohibited the Libyan prime minister from solely clinching international deals without consent of all the cabinet members. As the current Government of National Accord lacks full representation of all the Libyan regions, the current government is a caretaker cabinet with limited powers, the Foreign Ministry said in its statement. Such deals are not binding or affecting the interests and the rights of any third parties, it added.
32:
493:
response to these comments, George
Papanastasiou, the Cypriot Minister of Energy, Commerce and Industry, stated that not all people agree with the opinions expressed by Descalzi, and that he respects his opinion. These remarks follow reports that Eni, Cyprus and Israel are working on a deal for constructing a natural gas pipeline in the Eastern Mediterranean, connecting both the Cypriot and Israeli offshore gas fields to a processing plant in Cyprus, where the
3462:
3066:
85:
73:
364:-based government which is backed by the Libyan House of Representatives and Khalifa Haftar's Libyan National Army (LNA). Ahmad Al Mismari, the official spokesman of Haftar's forces, rejected the agreement and warned that “military force will be deployed to prevent any violation of Libyan sovereignty”. Members of the Libyan Parliament expressed similar sentiments, while its Speaker,
450:, denounced the deal, arguing that it "cannot produce any legal consequences for third States", as it infringes upon the sovereign rights of Greece, and does not comply with the UN's Law of the Sea. Turkey called the Joint Statement hypocritical by "a group of countries who are seeking regional chaos and instability".
812:
Another attempt in the realization of the «Blue
Homeland» whereby Turkey seeks to seize parts of the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean by asserting the position that no islands are entitled to maritime zones beyond territorial waters. (original: Μία ακόμα κίνηση στον σχεδιασμό της «Γαλάζιας Πατρίδας»,
1680:
The Libyan
Parliament rejects the agreement on the Maritime Borders between Turkey and Libya, which Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan has portrayed as a great success. Hours after the Turkish National Assembly voted for the deal, and while the deal remains pending, the Libyan House of Representatives
540:
On 9 January 2023, a Libyan court in
Tripoli suspended the deal. The Turkish Foreign Minister said that the Libya's Government of National Unity (GNU) backs the deal despite the court suspension and that GNU told him "not to take seriously" the court ruling. The Libyan General Bar Association agreed
453:
In August 2020, Egypt and Greece signed an agreement, designating an exclusive economic zone between the two countries. The announcement was made at a joint press conference with the
Foreign Ministers of the two countries, stating inter-alliance that the deal established a partial demarcation of the
1485:
According to a statement by the
Egyptian Foreign Ministry, the foreign ministers of Egypt, Greece and Cyprus agreed that these MoUs "has no legal effect", as the signing exceeds the powers of Sarraj in accordance with the Skhirat Agreement, which was announced in December 2015. In another statement
1320:
The
European Union's position of solidarity with Greece and Cyprus is "expressly endorsed" by Berlin, German Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Adebahr recently said, urging Turkey and Libya "to respect the sovereignty and sovereignty of all member states of the EU and to follow the delimitation of
509:
Court of
Appeals of Libya in its 27 January 2021 ruling. The court ruled in favor of the Libyan House of Representatives which filed a lawsuit to declare the Memorandum as invalid. According to Turkish researcher Şafak Yıldırım, the agreement cannot be cancelled unilaterally due to the principle of
1132:
The official condemned
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan's actions in the Middle East. This was a reference to the deal struck between Turkey and the UN-backed Libyan government last Wednesday relating to trade and arms sales. Al-Howeej claimed that the deal was signed with those who have "no
400:
aimed to create a diplomatic movement in order to nullify the GNA-Turkish agreement. He has also stated that this movement would not include military options. Greece lodged objections to the UN and expelled the Libyan ambassador in response to the deal, infuriated at a pact which skirts the Greek
492:
must include Turkey; he added that "there are disputes between Turkey and Cyprus that are difficult to remedy, furthermore Turkey has made an agreement with Libya to define a very vast platform that covers almost the entire EastMed, therefore not only Turkey but also Libya will have a say." In
251:
of the cabinet members. The accord's legitimacy and the legal consequences have been disputed. According to the European Union, it "infringed upon the sovereign rights of third States, did not comply with the United Nations' Law of the Sea and could not produce any legal consequences for third
982:"Greek ultimatum to Libya over deal with Turkey - Mitsotakis: Those who dispute sovereign rights will find Europe standing against them (Τελεσίγραφο της Ελλάδας στη Λιβύη για τη συμφωνία με Τουρκία - Μητσοτάκης: Όποιοι αμφισβητούν κυριαρχικά δικαιώματα θα βρουν απέναντί τους την Ευρώπη)"
530:(GNU) signed a preliminary energy exploration deal based on the previous deal. Greece and Egypt warned that they would oppose any activity in disputed areas, while the House of Representatives rejected the deal and said that it was signed by a government which doesn't have a mandate.
1102:
The European Union on Wednesday called for the publication of a memorandum of understanding signed between Turkey and Libya which ostensibly delineates maritime borders between the two countries, and expressed its full support for the sovereign rights of Greece and
426:
also comments that the deal does not give sovereignty over the claimed waters to Turkey and Libya. Furthermore, it states that the third states were kept in the dark regarding the Libyan-Turkish agreement, hence leading to questions regarding its legitimacy.
1872:
1162:«Turkey must respect the sovereign rights of NATO members. I support Greece's concerns over the Libya-Turkey Agreement» Macron said, commenting on the Turkish provocations and the agreement between Turkey and Libya on defining maritime borders and EEZ.)
368:, sent a letter to UN Secretary-General, António Guterres, describing the deal as "null and void". Saleh argued that the agreement should be ratified by the Libyan Parliament, and that "Libya and Turkey do not have common maritime boundaries".
739:
1903:
826:"Libya divided over EEZ deal with Ankara: Government confirms it - Opposition says "illegal" (original: Διχασμένη η Λιβύη για την συμφωνία της ΑΟΖ με την Άγκυρα: Η κυβέρνηση την επιβεβαιώνει - "Παράνομη" λέει η αντιπολίτευση)"
454:
sea boundaries between the two countries and that the remaining demarcation would be achieved through consultations. The parliaments of the two countries ratified the agreement swiftly, and in October 2020 Egyptian President
1360:"Malta condemns Erdogan's pseudo-agreement with Sarraj regime and the Turkish involvement in Libya (original:Η Μάλτα καταδίκασε τα ψευδομνημόνια του Ερντογάν με το καθεστώς Σαράτζ και την τουρκική ανάμιξη στη Λιβύη)"
299:
clarified that the agreement being registered by the UN should not be perceived as an approval by the organization; this is actually a typical procedure, after member states have notified the UN of their agreements.
1060:""Turkey should respect the international law": EU Commission against Ankara on the agreement with Libya (original: "Η Τουρκία να σέβεται το διεθνές δίκαιο": Κομισιόν κατά Άγκυρας για τη συμφωνία με τη Λιβύη)"
590:
Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Government of National Accord – State of Libya on delimitation of the maritime jurisdiction areas in the Mediterranean
25:
Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Government of National Accord – State of Libya on delimitation of the maritime jurisdiction areas in the Mediterranean
3102:
613:
Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Government of National Accord – State of Libya on delimitation of the maritime jurisdiction areas in the Mediterranean
511:
458:
signed the deal, which was then published by the official gazette of the country. Turkey dismissed the Greece – Egypt deal as “null and void”, adding Greece and Egypt have no mutual sea border.
3147:
466:
Following the agreement, Turkey and Libya's UN-recognized government had seen an increase in co-operation. This cooperation ranges from Turkish offshore exploration efforts to providing aid for the
2776:
1359:
3013:
813:βάσει του οποίου η Τουρκία επιχειρεί να οικειοποιηθεί μέρος του Αιγαίου και της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου υποστηρίζοντας τη θέση ότι τα νησιά δεν δικαιούνται θαλάσσιες ζώνες πέραν των χωρικών υδάτων)
148:, which meant that they could claim rights to seabed resources. However, fears were expressed that the agreement may fuel an "energy showdown" in this region, because it was highly contentious.
2412:
825:
287:
On 5 December 2019, the Turkish Parliament ratified the maritime deal, where it had a strong backing by four of Turkey's five major political parties - with the exception of the pro-Kurdish
747:
2806:
1895:
1253:"Pavlopoulos: who does Farraj represents? Voucic: we recognize Greece's integrity (original: Παυλόπουλος: Ποιον εκπροσωπεί ο Σαράζ; Βούτσιτς: Αναγνωρίζουμε ακεραιότητα της Ελλάδας)"
1404:"Syria condemned the Ankara-Tripoly pseudo-memorandum with a letter to the United Nations. (Original: Η Συρία καταδίκασε το ψευδομνημόνιο Άγκυρας-Τρίπολης με επιστολή στον ΟΗΕ)"
612:
1821:
422:
announced his country's opposition to the maritime border accord between Ankara and Tripoli, and confirmed that the deal was "illegal". The Israeli perspective offered by the
3401:
1961:
1688:"Invalid, says the president of the Libyan Parliament, about the agreement with Turkey (original: Ακυρη η συμφωνία με Τουρκία λέει ο πρόεδρος του Κοινοβουλίου της Λιβύης)"
1059:
640:
2603:
1034:"Istúriz - Tajani condemn Turkey's illegal actions and back Greece (original: Ιστουρίζ - Ταγιάνι καταδικάζουν τις παράνομες ενέργειες της Τουρκίας και στηρίζουν Ελλάδα)"
1146:"Harsh message by Macron to Erdogan: Respect Greece's sovereign rights (original: Αυστηρό μήνυμα Μακρόν σε Ερντογάν: Να σεβαστείς τα κυριαρχικά δικαιώματα της Ελλάδας)"
137:
1569:
1303:
955:
533:
The European Union said that the details of the new agreement are not known yet and couldn't make a statement on that deal, but reminded that the previous agreement "
1635:
2149:
1932:
1554:
1334:
3107:
2055:
1145:
2559:
1450:
1226:
2629:
3018:
2131:
1802:
769:
903:
2533:
2286:
2171:
1687:
349:, EEZ boundaries' legality in the Mediterranean should be determined by continental shelves and mainland countries, rather than island based calculations.
3426:
2351:
2305:
1707:
3122:
2784:
1982:
1609:
1728:"Turkey-Libya Agreement: "Blockade" through Haftar and Libyan Parliament (original: Συμφωνία Τουρκίας- Λιβύης: "Μπλόκο" μέσω Χαφτάρ και λιβυκής Βουλής)"
981:
3284:
3272:
3260:
2679:
2029:
2740:
2404:
2267:
713:
2895:
662:
1426:"Letter dated 29 April 2020 from the Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General"
598:
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Hükümeti ile Libya Devleti Hükümeti Arasında Akdeniz’de Deniz Yetki Alanlarının Sınırlandırılmasına İlişkin Mutabakat Muhtırası
3386:
1472:
1304:"Message by Berlin to Ankara for the respect of sovereign rights (original: Μήνυμα Βερολίνου στην Αγκυρα για σεβασμό των κυριαρχικών δικαιωμάτων)"
1252:
151:
The agreement was controversial and drew widespread condemnation by the states in the region and the international community, including the rival
240:
2582:"A Libyan court has ruled that the Turkish-Libyan Memorandum is invalid (original: Δικαστήριο της Λιβύης έκρινε άκυρο το τουρκολιβυκό Μνημόνιο)"
1085:
877:
412:'s research service reviewed the Turkey-GNA maritime deal and found it to be illegal under international law, and detrimental to third parties.
1727:
2654:
2241:
1451:"5 countries demand that the UN reject the Turko-Libyan agreement (original: Να μην αποδεχθεί ο ΟΗΕ την τουρκολιβυκή συμφωνία ζητούν 5 χώρες)"
795:
2993:
2217:
2004:
1265:
the Serbian president has made clear that his country will always recognize the territory and the integrity of Greece as well as of Cyprus.
796:"The provocative Turkey-Libya agreement opens the way for EEZ (original: Η προκλητική συμφωνία Τουρκίας – Λιβύης ανοίγει το δρόμο για ΑΟΖ)"
3157:
2459:
1588:
2704:
2192:
3055:
1663:
1115:
291:(HDP). The Libyan Parliament however blocked the ratification and rejected the deal unanimously, with the President of the Parliament,
2581:
1033:
1381:
244:
2722:
474:. As the issues arising due to the dispute are still developing, the full consequences of this maritime dispute are yet to be seen.
3505:
1844:
563:
3560:
3520:
3510:
2758:
2110:
1531:
3396:
2825:
2655:"Agreement relating to the implementation of Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982"
1953:
1498:
632:
3132:
3127:
3045:
2965:
1277:
3074:
3035:
2607:
2377:
1403:
3515:
1755:
Letter dated 26 December 2019 from the Charge d’affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of Libya to the UN addressed to the SG
929:
2985:
2888:
3490:
527:
392:
stated that the agreement signed by Turkey and GNA creates an infringement for third states, and does not comply with the
3545:
3485:
2844:
1924:
1546:
687:
423:
1278:"A strong message in favor of Greece and Cyprus by Conte (original: Ηχηρό μήνυμα υπέρ Ελλάδας και Κύπρου από τον Κόντε)"
1174:
851:
3279:
3267:
3255:
2507:
1777:
3436:
3040:
2946:
2927:
558:
515:
2807:"The Court of Appeals in Tripoli annulled the Turkish-Libyan memorandum on joint exploration in the waters of Libya"
1664:"The Libyan Parliament rejects deal made with Erdogan (original: Η Βουλή της Λιβύης απορρίπτει το deal με Ερντογάν)"
471:
156:
3555:
3465:
3050:
2881:
2485:
2331:
1008:"Through Libya, Erdogan builds the "Blue Homeland" (original: Μέσω Λιβύης χτίζει τη "Γαλάζια Πατρίδα" ο Ερντογάν)"
3188:
382:
The United States of America stated that the deal was "provocative" and a threat to the stability of the region.
352:
In Libya, the signing of the memorandum was met with varying responses: it was welcomed by the supporters of the
3431:
1007:
307:, demarcating an exclusive economic zone for oil and gas drilling rights, to counter the Turkey-GNA agreement.
3421:
3307:
3239:
3234:
3229:
467:
357:
129:
77:
2081:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3172:
2916:
1708:"Expulsion of the Ambassador of Libya from Greece (original: Απέλαση του πρέσβη της Λιβύης από την Ελλάδα)"
264:
regarded it as "void" and "geographically absurd", because it ignored the presence of the Greek islands of
3535:
3530:
288:
2560:"Libyan court cancels border demarcation and security cooperation agreement between Al-Wefaq and Turkey"
3550:
3540:
3525:
3315:
2973:
2957:
1766:
Letter dated 27 February 2020 from the Permanent Representative of Turkey to the UN addressed to the SG
304:
3391:
1200:
3447:
2954:
2943:
2939:
904:"Greece, Cyprus and Egypt outraged by Libyan-Turkish maritime border agreement amid oil-drilling row"
345:
and defending their legal claims to the disputed territory in the Mediterranean. Also, according to
3028:
2930:
168:
535:
does not comply with the Law of the Sea and cannot produce any legal consequences for third states
3495:
141:
2904:
2433:
338:
3500:
3411:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3006:
3001:
1175:"FM of Israel: We are on Greece's side (Original: ΥΠΕΞ Ισραήλ: Είμαστε στο πλευρό της Ελλάδας)"
3339:
956:"Antonio Lopez: Turkey's Actions in Eastern Mediterranean Unlawful, as well as MoU with Libya"
3112:
31:
3357:
1873:"محكمة استئناف البيضاء تصدر حكما بانعدام اتفاقية التعاون وترسيم الحدود بين الرئاسي و تركيا"
455:
447:
247:
which prohibits the Libyan Prime Minister from making international agreements without the
228:
160:
3023:
2845:"Türkiye-Libya Arasında İmzalanan Münhasır Ekonomik Bölge Andlaşmasının Sonuç ve Etkileri"
2777:"Court Rules to Cancel Memorandum of Understanding Between Turkey and Al-Dabaiba in Libya"
2193:"Dore Gold: The Turkish-Libyan Maritime Agreement and the Struggle over the Mediterranean"
2150:"Bundestag service views Turkey-Libya maritime deal illegal, detrimental to third parties"
8:
2919:
568:
385:
3441:
3369:
1822:"Cihat Yaycı anlattı: BM'nin Türkiye-Libya deniz anlaşmasını tescili ne anlama geliyor?"
3142:
1896:"After Turkey-Libya deal, Greece and Israel can no longer exclude other coastal states"
397:
2102:
1523:
1473:"Press conference: Egyptian, Greek FMs sign deal to establish exclusive economic zone"
2705:"Libya/Turkey: Statement by the Spokesperson on a reported agreement on hydrocarbons"
2534:"Cyprus, Israel working on deal for natural gas pipeline, processing plant in Cyprus"
1335:"United Arab Emirates joins Greece in Mediterranean gas drilling dispute with Turkey"
365:
334:
292:
248:
145:
3117:
593:
544:
On 19 February 2024, the Court of Appeal in Tripoli ruled to cancel the agreement.
489:
481:
114:
109:
3345:
3333:
3351:
1983:"The Libya-Turkey Memorandum of Understanding: Local and Regional Repercussions"
3363:
553:
393:
377:
353:
346:
236:
164:
1610:"Greece expels Libyan envoy following Turkish vote on East Mediterranean deal"
296:
3479:
3416:
494:
389:
330:
3406:
2826:"Tripoli Court of Appeal annuls MoU in hydrocarbons cooperation with Turkey"
2218:"Greece, Egypt, Cyprus, France & UAE denounce Turkey in joint statement"
506:
342:
311:
277:
224:
3137:
419:
326:
232:
3065:
2873:
2759:"Libyan Bar Association welcomes suspension of energy deal with Turkey"
2056:"State Department: Turkey-Libya deal on maritime borders 'provocative'"
1636:"Turkish lawmakers ratify contentious maritime borders deal with Libya"
1570:"Turkey signs maritime boundaries deal with Libya amid exploration row"
477:
A maritime deal between Egypt and Greece has been signed in response.
2968:
Leader of the Justice and Development Party (2001–2014; 2017–present)
2242:"Turkey slams joint statement by five nations on east Med Sea, Libya"
1425:
409:
323:
273:
2405:"Turkey expands gas exploration efforts to Libya's offshore waters"
1227:"Moscow calls on Turkey, Libya to avoid stoking tensions in region"
57:
2680:"Turkey-Libya preliminary deal prompts Greece, Egypt to push back"
2268:"East Med: Greece ratifies deal with Egypt; Turkey to hold drills"
510:
parallelism in authority and procedure. Unlike Turkey, Libya is a
310:
The Turkish-GNA memorandum on maritime zones was cancelled by the
2606:(in Turkish). Aydınlık Newspaper. 26 October 2021. Archived from
1765:
1754:
405:
220:
196:
2741:"Turkey says Tripoli backs energy deal despite court suspension"
1321:
maritime areas in accordance with applicable international law."
930:"Turkey and Libya sign maritime deal to counter Greek drilling"
443:
435:
431:
415:
361:
281:
261:
253:
212:
208:
204:
192:
184:
176:
172:
152:
125:
104:
89:
84:
1845:"Egypt, Greece sign maritime deal to counter Libya-Turkey one"
1803:"U.N. registers Turkey-Libya maritime deal - Turkish ministry"
1499:"Europe's leaders to reject Turkey-Libya maritime border deal"
852:"Cyprus, Greece and Egypt condemn Turkey-Libya deal (updated)"
714:"Greece hopes talks with Erdoğan will ease maritime frictions"
663:"Turkey's Maritime Muscle Flexing Roils Eastern Mediterranean"
2103:"Cyprus rallies neighbors to buck Turkey-Libya maritime deal"
1524:"Cyprus rallies neighbors to buck Turkey-Libya maritime deal"
439:
269:
265:
257:
216:
200:
188:
180:
133:
72:
2434:"Egypt and Greece sign agreement on exclusive economic zone"
2287:"Greece and Egypt sign agreement on exclusive economic zone"
2604:"Türkiye-Libya Anlaşması Tek Taraflı Olarak İptal Edilemez"
2352:"Egypt's al-Sisi signs strategic maritime deal with Greece"
2306:"Egypt's al-Sisi signs strategic maritime deal with Greece"
1382:"Germany decries Turkey's actions in eastern Mediterranean"
1116:"Libya's Haftar hopes to have normal relations with Israel"
521:
500:
1954:"ANALYSIS - Strategic, legal aspects of Turkey-Libya deal"
633:"ANALYSIS - Strategic, legal aspects of Turkey-Libya deal"
2030:"Pyatt: Turkey-Libya deal undermining regional stability"
1681:
sent a letter to the UN declaring the text null and void.
485:
329:, the new agreement consists of the establishment of 200
314:
Court of Appeals of Libya in its 27 January 2021 ruling.
740:"Greece expels Libyan ambassador in dispute with Turkey"
1925:"Turkey-Libya maritime deal rattles East Mediterranean"
1547:"Turkey-Libya maritime deal rattles East Mediterranean"
333:
of EEZ, and an establishment of 18.6 nautical miles of
16:
Maritime boundary treaty between Libya's GNA and Turkey
2378:"Turkey denounces maritime deal between Greece, Egypt"
2332:"Greek parliament ratifies maritime accord with Egypt"
2132:"Greece says Libya-Turkish deal invalid, in bad faith"
770:"Egypt condemns MoUs signed between Turkey, Libyan PM"
488:, said that any agreement for the construction of the
1133:
right to give to those against whom we are battling."
401:
island of Crete and infringes its continental shelf.
341:
is that it is protecting its sovereign rights to the
2172:"Israel opposes Turkey-Libya maritime border accord"
512:
signatory to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
497:
for export by ship to Italy and the rest of Europe.
2003:Sawsan Abu, Hussein; Khalid, Mahmoud (2019-10-12).
2508:"Israel pushes for increased gas exports to Italy"
1445:
1443:
1086:"EU asks to see Turkey-Libya maritime border deal"
878:"Cyprus decries Turkey-Libya maritime border deal"
732:
661:Hacaoglu, Selcan; Kozok, Firat (5 December 2019).
2630:"United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea"
1333:Istanbul, Hannah Lucinda Smith (23 August 2020).
3477:
2486:"'No EastMed pipeline without Turkey', ENI says"
2002:
1778:"UN registers Turkey's maritime deal with Libya"
1201:"Turkey-Libya agreement 'arbitrary and illegal'"
1078:
2723:"Libyan court suspends energy deal with Turkey"
1440:
611:The document sent to the UN by Turkey and GNA:
1867:
1865:
430:In a Joint Declaration issued on 11 May 2020,
2889:
660:
157:Libya's Parliament (House of Representatives)
2215:
317:
1862:
1589:"UN to post EEZ maps of Libya, Turkey deal"
396:. The president of The Republic of Cyprus,
260:had dismissed the deal as "illegal", while
140:in November 2019, in order to establish an
2896:
2882:
2460:"Egypt ratifies maritime deal with Greece"
371:
30:
1842:
688:"Turkey gets a free pass from big powers"
518:in 1982; though, it has not ratified it.
2903:
2596:
1332:
522:2022 preliminary energy exploration deal
501:Cancellation by House of Representatives
1985:. Arab Center Washington DC. 2020-02-01
1384:. The Associated Press. 13 October 2020
305:Greece and Egypt signed a maritime deal
3478:
3133:2010 Turkish constitutional referendum
3128:2007 Turkish constitutional referendum
2824:Assad, Abdulkader (19 February 2024).
2402:
1875:. Parliament of Libya. 27 January 2021
505:The maritime deal was canceled by the
235:, as a violation of the International
2877:
2842:
2823:
2187:
2185:
1819:
1813:
410:German Federal Parliament (Bundestag)
337:. The Turkish position, according to
2647:
1893:
564:Cyprus–Turkey maritime zones dispute
528:Government of National Unity (Libya)
484:, the CEO of Italian energy company
2622:
2197:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
424:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
303:Nine months later, in August 2020,
284:between the Turkish–Libyan coasts.
13:
2843:Yaycı, Cihat (30 September 2020).
2783:. 19 February 2024. Archived from
2182:
1917:
1516:
14:
3572:
2216:Antonopoulos, Paul (2020-05-12).
2082:"Answer for question E-004501/19"
1894:Oruç, Merve Şebnem (2019-12-11).
1843:Elhennawy, Noha (6 August 2020).
746:. 6 December 2019. Archived from
559:Exclusive economic zone of Greece
516:exclusive economic zone of Greece
3461:
3460:
3064:
3036:2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt
526:In October 2022, Turkey and the
83:
71:
20:Libya (GNA)–Turkey maritime deal
3506:2019 in international relations
3437:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University
2947:Istanbul 1st electoral district
2861:
2836:
2817:
2799:
2769:
2751:
2733:
2715:
2697:
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2552:
2526:
2500:
2478:
2452:
2426:
2415:from the original on 2020-02-01
2396:
2370:
2324:
2259:
2234:
2209:
2164:
2152:. Naftemporiki. 18 October 2020
2142:
2124:
2113:from the original on 2020-02-12
2095:
2074:
2048:
2022:
1996:
1975:
1964:from the original on 2020-03-29
1946:
1935:from the original on 2020-02-17
1906:from the original on 2020-04-27
1887:
1836:
1820:Yaycı, Cihat (2 October 2020).
1795:
1770:
1759:
1748:
1654:
1628:
1602:
1557:from the original on 2020-02-17
1534:from the original on 2020-02-12
1491:
1465:
1428:. United Nations. 29 April 2020
1418:
1396:
1374:
1352:
1326:
1296:
1270:
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1219:
1193:
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1138:
1108:
1052:
1026:
1000:
974:
948:
922:
896:
870:
643:from the original on 2020-03-29
461:
3561:November 2019 events in Turkey
3521:November 2019 events in Europe
3511:November 2019 events in Africa
3046:2017 constitutional referendum
3019:University diploma controversy
2562:. Egypt Today. 27 January 2021
1255:. Kathimerini. 9 December 2019
844:
818:
788:
762:
706:
680:
654:
625:
1:
3466:Category:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
3422:The world is bigger than five
2955:Member of the 22nd Parliament
618:
468:Government of National Accord
358:Government of National Accord
130:Government of National Accord
78:Government of National Accord
3516:November 2019 events in Asia
3432:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Stadium
3056:2018–present Economic crisis
2403:Gurcan, Metin (2020-01-31).
1475:. Egypt Today. 6 August 2020
605:
580:
472:Libyan Civil War (2014–2020)
7:
547:
418:'s acting foreign minister
243:) and the article 8 of the
10:
3577:
3546:Treaties concluded in 2019
3316:A Fairer World Is Possible
3308:This Song Doesn't End Here
2584:. To Vima. 27 January 2021
2488:. Cyprus Mail. 19 May 2023
1453:. To Pontiki. 14 July 2020
375:
42:27 November 2019
3457:
3448:Turkey: Empire of Erdogan
3379:
3358:Sümeyye Erdoğan Bayraktar
3326:
3299:
3248:
3222:
3181:
3165:
3156:
3073:
3062:
2984:
2911:
1591:. Kathimerini. 2020-02-16
1406:. Liberal.gr. 21 May 2020
322:According to the Turkish
318:Turkey and GNA's position
155:-based government led by
97:
64:
53:
38:
29:
24:
3148:Civil–military relations
3029:Erdowie, Erdowo, Erdogan
2958:Siirt electoral district
2931:Prime Minister of Turkey
574:
289:People's Democracy Party
169:United States of America
138:maritime boundary treaty
3491:Greece–Turkey relations
3346:Necmettin Bilal Erdoğan
3103:Prime ministerial trips
541:with the court ruling.
372:International reactions
142:exclusive economic zone
3486:Libya–Turkey relations
3412:Conservative democracy
3123:2005 Diyarbakır speech
2974:28th Mayor of Istanbul
2949:(2007–2011; 2011–2015)
1362:. Tribune. 18 May 2020
597:
360:, but rejected by the
3427:Assassination threats
3387:Early life and career
3352:Esra Erdoğan Albayrak
3113:Democratic initiative
3051:Iran poem controversy
2084:. European Parliament
1824:(in Turkish). Sputnik
588: Officially the
495:gas will be liquefied
3556:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
2905:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
514:, which defined the
456:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
448:United Arab Emirates
339:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
229:United Arab Emirates
161:Libyan National Army
3402:Honorary doctorates
3340:Ahmet Burak Erdoğan
3041:2016–present purges
2920:President of Turkey
2813:. 19 February 2024.
2787:on 25 February 2024
2246:Hurriyet Daily News
2178:. 23 December 2019.
2138:. 10 December 2019.
1120:Middle East Monitor
960:The National Herald
569:Mediterranean Basin
386:European Commission
21:
3536:Treaties of Turkey
3531:Politics of Turkey
3392:Kasımpaşa, Beyoğlu
3143:Gezi Park protests
3014:Presidential trips
2830:The Libya Observer
2765:. 14 January 2023.
2747:. 12 January 2023.
2729:. 10 January 2023.
1505:. 13 December 2019
1310:. 11 December 2019
1284:. 11 December 2019
1040:. 30 November 2019
1014:. 29 November 2019
988:. 29 November 2019
962:. 30 November 2019
936:. 28 November 2019
910:. 29 November 2019
884:. 29 November 2019
858:. 29 November 2019
832:. 28 November 2019
802:. 29 November 2019
776:. 29 November 2019
750:on 6 December 2019
398:Nicos Anastasiades
19:
3551:Boundary treaties
3541:Treaties of Libya
3526:Politics of Libya
3473:
3472:
3295:
3294:
3158:Electoral history
3024:Böhmermann affair
2711:. 3 October 2022.
2466:. 10 October 2020
2358:. 10 October 2020
2312:. 10 October 2020
2062:. 3 December 2019
2036:. 3 December 2019
1809:. 2 October 2020.
1734:. 7 December 2019
1714:. 6 December 2019
1694:. 6 December 2019
1670:. 6 December 2019
1642:. 5 December 2019
1616:. 6 December 2019
1233:. 3 December 2019
1207:. 4 December 2019
1181:. 4 December 2019
1152:. 4 December 2019
1122:. 2 December 2019
1092:. 4 December 2019
1066:. 2 December 2019
720:. 3 December 2019
694:. 2 December 2019
366:Aguila Saleh Issa
335:Continental shelf
293:Aguila Saleh Issa
249:unanimous consent
245:Skhirat Agreement
146:Mediterranean Sea
123:
122:
3568:
3464:
3463:
3442:Erdoğan Hospital
3370:Selçuk Bayraktar
3166:Istanbul Mayoral
3163:
3162:
3118:Solution process
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2338:. 27 August 2020
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1064:Eleutheros Typos
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490:EastMed pipeline
482:Claudio Descalzi
480:On 19 May 2023,
88:
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2944:24th Parliament
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2763:libyaupdate.com
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2659:treaties.un.org
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2634:treaties.un.org
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2514:. 10 March 2023
2506:
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2440:. 6 August 2020
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2384:. 7 August 2020
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2014:
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2009:Asharq Al-Awsat
2001:
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1988:
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1712:Huffington Post
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1614:Middle East Eye
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934:Middle East Eye
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388:Vice President
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119:
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45:
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17:
12:
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5:
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3364:Berat Albayrak
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3108:Foreign policy
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2938:Member of the
2935:
2924:
2922:(2014–present)
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2208:
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2141:
2123:
2109:. 2019-12-20.
2094:
2073:
2047:
2021:
1995:
1974:
1945:
1931:. 2019-12-25.
1916:
1886:
1861:
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1769:
1758:
1747:
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1744:
1724:
1704:
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1627:
1601:
1553:. 2019-12-25.
1530:. 2019-12-20.
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566:
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556:
554:Aegean dispute
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502:
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463:
460:
394:Law of the sea
378:Aegean dispute
373:
370:
347:Anadolu Agency
331:Nautical miles
319:
316:
252:states". Both
237:Law of the Sea
165:European Union
121:
120:
118:
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3360:(daughter)
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