287:
298:
445:. The householder, perhaps with others, walks barefoot through the house at midnight. He washes his hands in spring water, takes his thumb between the fingers of his hand, to ward off any ghosts, then takes a mouthful of black beans and spits them out behind him or throws them behind himself, over his shoulder for the hungry
437:
was meant to help those family members who had died in circumstances that prevented or delayed their admission to the afterlife; those who had died "before their time," in their childhood or youth, through disease, war, assault or misadventure, or in circumstances that prevented their being given
421:, made harmful and spiteful to the living because "kinless and neglected" in death and after it, having no rites or memorial, free to leave their dead body but unable to enter the underworld or afterlife. A less common but more "mischievous and dangerous" type of ghost, known as
858:(Boston 1931) p. 84: "...the thirteenth of May, which was one of the days of the Roman festival of the dead, the Lemuria. Whether there is any connection between these dates or not, the rites of All Saints' Day are a survival not of the Lemuria but of the Parentalia."
471:
for what are presumably the same ghosts, at the same festival, under different names but with little or no individuation other than differing levels of malice or benevolence. Presumably there was some overlap in identity.
476:, on the other hand, were thought to have been entirely unforgiving, even demonic. Some of the literature presents them as persecuting the living, and torturing bad souls in Hades.
491:
ceremony in the same month, supposedly a substitute for former human sacrifices, made the whole month of May unlucky for marriages. This is one possible explanation for Ovid's
902:
788:"All Saints' Day and Halloween": "...yet May 13 had also happened to be the last day of the Roman Lemuria for lost souls"; Richard P. Taylor,
459:). The householder washes his hands in spring-water, three times. When he turns to see the results of the offering, or exorcism, no
822:
455:) nine times; then the rest of the household clashes bronze pots while repeating, "Ghosts of my fathers and ancestors, be gone!" (
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433:, is a rarity in any source, and seems to have also been used for a frightening type of theater mask. Dolansky believes that the
1300:
326:
888:
870:
1290:
159:
732:
Dolansky, Fanny, "Nocturnal Rites to
Appease the Untimely Dead: The Lemuria in Its Socio-Historical Context",
628:.2 p 182) remarking "The ordinary appellation for the dead in late Republican and early Imperial times was
413:
points out that Remus' death was violent, premature, and a matter of regret for
Romulus. Toynbee defines
363:
any malevolent and fearful ghosts of the restless dead from their homes. These unwholesome spectres, the
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17:
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348:
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31:
621:"they do not occur in epitaphs or higher poetry," George Thaniel noted (in "Lemures and Larvae"
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219:
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200, p. 163: "Pope
Boniface IV (608-615) replaced Lemuria with "All Saints' Day" on 13 May."
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to gather, unseen. He chants "I send these; with these beans I redeem me and mine" (
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http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Lemuralia.html
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all temples were closed, and no marriages were allowed. The three days of the
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the three days of the festival were 9, 11, and 13 May. Lemuria's name and
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Modern linguists dismiss this connection but find the etymology of
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has been celebrated at Rome ever since and started the feast of
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37:"Lemuralia" redirects here. For the EP by Patrick Wolf, see
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held this feast on 13 May. Later, on 13 May in 609 or 610,
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374:
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See for example "Days of the Dead" in
Christian Roy, ed.
714:
Johns
Hopkins University Press, 1971, 1996 pp. 34-35, 64
734:
Mouseion
Journal of the Classical Association of Canada
638:, although frequent use was also made of such terms as
910:
373:
were propitiated with chants and offerings of black
782:
Traditional festivals: a multicultural encyclopedia
515:According to some cultural historians, Lemuria was
405:to appease the angry spirit of his murdered twin,
850:of All Saints' and All Souls' Day with the Roman
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790:Death and the Afterlife: a cultural encyclopedia
736:March 2019 16(S1):37-64 DOI:10.3138/mous.16.s1-4
425:was thought to wander about the house with the
650:and others." He notes the first appearance of
452:Haec ego mitto; his redimo meque meosque fabis
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875:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
441:Ovid's is the only detailed account of
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552:dedicatio Sanctae Mariae ad Martyres
804:, Volume 4, Nov. 1, citing in turn
712:Death and Burial in the Roman World
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527:. Christians in 4th-century Roman
27:Ancient Roman festival of the dead
25:
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623:The American Journal of Philology
438:proper burial or funeral rites.
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1301:Observances honoring the dead
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162:Etruscan mythologies compared
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856:Survivals of Roman Religion
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347:was an annual event in the
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846:An attempt to connect the
823:"All Saints and All Souls"
810:, ed. Bicknell, pp. 23, 89
397:, derives from a supposed
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171:Other minor Roman deities
802:Butler's Lives of Saints
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349:religion of ancient Rome
149:Religion in ancient Rome
32:Lemuria (disambiguation)
1291:Ancient Roman festivals
493:Mense Maio malae nubunt
292:Ancient Rome portal
873:Smith, William, 1875.
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827:catholiceducation.org
1180:Quinquennial Neronia
550:; the feast of that
499:6.219-234, cited by
457:Manes exite paterni!
30:For other uses, see
821:Saunders, William.
409:. The philosopher
351:, during which the
48:Part of a series on
523:commemorating all
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710:Toynbee, J.M.C.,
525:Christian martyrs
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160:Roman, Greek, and
16:(Redirected from
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1105:Lusus Troiae
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1015:Epulum Jovis
950:Armilustrium
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832:18 September
830:. Retrieved
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1265:Volturnalia
1235:Tricennalia
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1175:Quinquatria
1150:Opiconsivia
1095:Ludi Romani
985:Carmentalia
960:Bacchanalia
573:Anthesteria
479:During the
391:origin myth
1285:Categories
1270:Vulcanalia
1255:Vicennalia
1225:Terminalia
1210:Sementivae
1195:Saturnalia
1185:Regifugium
1165:Poplifugia
1155:Parentalia
1140:Neptunalia
1125:Mercuralia
1110:Matronalia
1100:Lupercalia
1065:Larentalia
1050:Furrinalia
1045:Fornacalia
1040:Fordicidia
1005:Decennalia
995:Compitalia
975:Caprotinia
955:Augustalia
935:Ambarvalia
852:Parentalia
593:Parentalia
381:Observance
355:performed
190:Dei Lucrii
63:Major gods
1245:Veneralia
1190:Robigalia
1135:Nemoralia
1120:Megalesia
1080:Liberalia
1060:Junonalia
1000:Consualia
940:Amburbium
767:Toynbee,
690:, V.421ff
662:ii.2.209.
644:immagines
598:Radonitsa
588:Halloween
521:feast day
495:, in his
485:Lemuralia
481:Lemuralia
435:Lemuralia
341:Lemuralia
220:Convector
18:Lemuralia
1250:Vestalia
1035:Floralia
1020:Equirria
990:Cerealia
980:Caristia
965:Brumalia
930:Agonalia
675:obscure.
660:Epistles
636:Di Manes
603:Setsubun
562:See also
540:Pantheon
419:di Manes
411:Porphyry
361:exorcise
270:Terminus
250:Lupercus
240:Portunus
205:Carmenta
200:Bona Dea
82:Quirinus
1260:Vinalia
1200:Rosalia
1160:Parilia
1085:Lucaria
1075:Lemuria
1030:Feralia
1010:Divalia
865:Sources
673:lemures
652:lemures
648:species
583:Feralia
503:in his
501:Erasmus
461:lemures
447:lemures
443:Lemuria
427:lemures
415:lemures
403:Romulus
399:Remuria
385:In the
366:lemures
345:Lemuria
225:Lemures
215:Dea Dia
210:Camenae
195:Furrina
180:Penates
154:Flamens
107:Mercury
102:Minerva
97:Fortuna
72:Jupiter
1025:Februa
918:(ludi)
916:games
848:cultus
771:, p.64
684:Ovid,
656:Horace
640:umbrae
578:Dziady
529:Edessa
511:Legacy
505:Adagia
474:Larvae
423:larvae
370:larvae
353:Romans
265:Egeria
260:Pomona
185:Genius
136:Topics
112:Vulcan
945:Argei
749:V.443
747:Fasti
745:Ovid
687:Fasti
631:Manes
610:Notes
519:as a
497:Fasti
489:Argei
469:Manes
465:lemur
431:larva
407:Remus
375:beans
357:rites
275:Lares
255:Pales
245:Flora
230:Manes
127:Janus
122:Venus
117:Ceres
87:Vesta
914:and
834:2016
786:s.v.
546:and
538:the
467:and
395:Ovid
339:The
92:Juno
77:Mars
654:in
634:or
368:or
359:to
343:or
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646:,
642:,
626:94
558:.
377:.
904:e
897:t
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877:.
836:.
328:e
321:t
314:v
41:.
34:.
20:)
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