732:
588:
807:
826:
107:
627:
845:
748:
576:
716:
674:
300:
791:
656:
27:
760:
546:
561:
530:
690:
607:
228:
776:
1967:
285:, where one character jests that the father of another is so avaricious that he uses cheap Samian ware in sacrifices to his own genius, so as not to tempt the genius to steal it. In this passage, the genius is not identical to the person, as to propitiate oneself would be absurd, and yet the genius also has the avarice of the person; that is, the same character, the implication being, like person, like genius.
342:
77:) and so did powerful objects, such as volcanoes. The concept extended to some specifics: the genius of the theatre, of vineyards, and of festivals, which made performances successful, grapes grow, and celebrations succeed, respectively. It was extremely important in the Roman mind to propitiate the appropriate genii for the major undertakings and events of their lives.
425:, were the geniuses of patrons of freedmen, owners of slaves, patrons of guilds, philanthropists, officials, villages, other divinities, relatives and friends. Sometimes the dedication is combined with other words, such as "to the genius and honor" or in the case of couples, "to the genius and Juno".
124:
might apply to any divinity whatsoever, most of the higher-level and state genii had their own well-established names. Genius applied most often to individual places or people not generally known; that is, to the smallest units of society and settlements, families and their homes. Houses, doors,
81:
Thus man, following the dictates of his heart, venerated something higher and more divine than he could find in his own limited individuality, and brought to "this great unknown of himself" offerings as a god; thus compensating by veneration for the indistinct knowledge of his divine origin.
587:
291:, writing when the first emperor was introducing the cult of his own genius, describes the genius as "the companion which controls the natal star; the god of human nature, in that he is mortal for each person, with a changing expression, white or black".
321:
appeared to the Senate to be a man of great power and success, clearly a mark of divinity. In recognition of the prodigy they voted that all banquets should include a libation to his genius. In concession to this sentiment he chose the name
363:, or commander of all troops, was to be propitiated, so was that of all the units under his command. The provincial troops expanded the idea of the genii of state; for example, from Roman Britain have been found altars to the genii of
133:, queen of the gods. These supreme unities were subdivided into genii for each individual family; hence, the genius of each female, representing the female reproductive power, was a Juno. The male power was a Jupiter.
626:
206:) attend on a central figure (family genius) or two figures (genius and juno) who may or may not be at an altar. In the foreground is one or two serpents crawling toward the genius through a meadow motif.
844:
731:
125:
gates, streets, districts, tribes, each one had its own genius. The supreme hierarchy of the Roman gods, like that of the Greeks, was modelled after a human family. It featured a father,
428:
Surviving from the time of the empire hundreds of dedicatory, votive and sepulchral inscriptions ranging over the entire territory testify to the flourishing of official cult
606:
1024:
Varro says that a 'genius' is the rational soul of each man ... and that the soul of the world itself is a universal 'genius', and that this is what they call
Jupiter.
806:
2367:
459:
to be treason, ending their official terms. The concept, however, continued in representation and speech under different names or with accepted modifications.
165:
Genii were often viewed as protective spirits, as one would propitiate them for protection. For example, to protect infants one propitiated a number of
1248:
1164:
575:
2372:
655:
747:
825:
715:
673:
55:: genii) is the individual instance of a general divine nature that is present in every individual person, place, or thing. Much like a
2116:
166:
1487:
1528:
928:
759:
790:
954:
1450:
1425:
Roman Ideas of Deity in the Last
Century before the Christian Era - Lectures Delivered in Oxford for the Common University Fund
1077:
738:
516:
of Rome, 134–138 AD, with an image of a youth holding a cornucopia and patera (sacrificial dish) and the inscription GENIOPR,
431:
1432:
1168:
181:("of breast-feeding"). Certainly, if those genii did not perform their proper function well, the infant would be in danger.
689:
421:
under the empire are numerous dedications to the genii of persons of authority and respect; in addition to the emperor's
2384:
982:
1467:
1413:
1296:
1231:
1060:
1017:
2415:
2178:
529:
350:
1355:"Genius, wearing modius on head, holding a wreath; military standard at right, Illustration of Boston 66.426"
560:
1521:
1224:
The imperial cult in the Latin West: studies in the ruler cult of the western provinces of the Roman Empire
974:
59:, the genius would follow each man from the hour of his birth until the day he died. For women, it was the
545:
106:
198:, kitchen or garden, where the smoke of burnt offerings could vent through the opening in the roof. Each
2049:
2023:
2425:
2183:
2018:
1120:
2298:
2277:
2267:
1674:
1537:
896:
35:
1376:
1354:
775:
2282:
1514:
1457:. Vol. 2. Little, Brown & Company, The Ancient Library. pp. 241–242. Archived from
1273:
1255:. London, Chicago: Methuen & Co. Ltd.; LacusCurtius, University of Chicago. pp. 102–103.
1009:
1000:
214:
preserved an ancient practice of keeping a propitious house snake, here linked with the genius.
2420:
2110:
817:
813:
383:
264:
263:"household guardian spirit"; earlier, "innate male power of a race or clan", deriving from the
1317:
2329:
2226:
1882:
1801:
1549:
447:("to the genius of our master"), and so on. In 392 AD with the final victory of Christianity
195:
1084:. Vol. 1. Little, Brown & Company, The Ancient Library. p. 900. Archived from
30:
Winged genius facing a woman with a tambourine and mirror, from southern Italy, about 320 BC
2324:
2208:
2162:
1952:
1796:
1569:
389:
299:
8:
2362:
2168:
2054:
2028:
1887:
1736:
1726:
1689:
1491:
876:
617:
335:
126:
1403:
1267:
330:
dates from this period. It was propitiated at every meal along with the other household
26:
2241:
1867:
1831:
1791:
1766:
1649:
1589:
1506:
1304:
1108:
233:
98:
as attributing the rational powers and abilities of every human being to their genius.
87:
2379:
2339:
1993:
1947:
1821:
1811:
1761:
1634:
1614:
1609:
1594:
1428:
1409:
1292:
1227:
1160:
1056:
1013:
978:
700:
1458:
1085:
258:
2272:
2003:
1922:
1862:
1721:
1699:
1684:
600:, above a serpent-genius representing fertility. House of Iulius Polybius, Pompeii.
418:
346:
318:
130:
60:
1135:
2394:
2389:
2308:
2303:
2156:
2124:
2008:
1541:
722:
473:
314:
310:
19:
This article is about the genius in Roman mythology. Not to be confused with the
326:, capturing the numinous meaning of English "august". The household cult of the
273:
2246:
2135:
1998:
1716:
1103:. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green University Popular Press. pp. 88–103.
901:
567:
338:, in which Romans cultivated the genius of the emperor rather than the person.
112:
56:
47:
1423:
Fowler, W. Warde (2007). "Lecture I: Sketch of the Course: Domestic
Deities".
1051:
Fox, William
Sherwood (1916). Gray, Louis Herbert; Moore, George Foot (eds.).
854:, 1912, monument in honour of the Van Eyck brothers – backside, Ghent, Belgium
417:. Inscriptional dedications to genius were not confined to the military. From
2409:
2173:
2097:
2013:
1942:
1912:
1892:
1741:
1664:
1654:
1555:
20:
1055:. Vol. I Greek and Roman. Boston: Marshall Jones Company. p. 291.
2236:
2231:
2193:
2090:
1639:
1579:
851:
797:
766:
680:
636:
448:
377:
227:
202:
features a panel fresco containing the same theme: two peripheral figures (
1644:
1341:
Lexicon
Universae Rei Numariae Veterum et Praecipue Graecorum ac Romanorum
1291:. Vol. IV. Boston: Dana Estes & Charles E. Lauriat. p. 165.
1988:
835:
73:
1966:
2198:
2105:
1872:
1857:
1847:
1776:
1756:
871:
413:
401:
267:
root *g̑enh₁-, "give birth, produce", which is also reflected in Latin
1226:. Vol. 2 Part 1. Leiden; New York: E.J. Brill. pp. 375–377.
612:
Ancestral genius (upper centre) flanked by Lares, with serpent below.
2344:
1932:
1826:
782:
359:
238:
186:
2251:
2188:
2129:
2033:
1852:
1806:
1781:
1711:
1619:
1604:
1599:
1574:
552:
477:
395:
323:
304:
250:
242:
211:
207:
1907:
1897:
1816:
1786:
1771:
1731:
1629:
1195:
696:
632:
501:
489:
456:
282:
191:
2334:
2076:
2070:
1983:
1917:
1902:
1877:
1659:
1584:
1272:. Menasha Wisconsin: George Banta Publishing Company. pp.
891:
866:
513:
497:
493:
407:
341:
288:
281:
The genius appears explicitly in Roman literature as early as
2203:
1927:
1751:
1706:
1694:
1679:
1624:
1318:"Bust of Genius Populi Romani, Illustration of Boston 42.527"
1101:
Roman
Domestic Religion: The Archaeology of Roman Popular Art
906:
597:
452:
254:
203:
95:
2084:
1937:
1377:"Reverse: Genius standing: Illustration of Boston 1974.521"
886:
881:
91:
1379:. Medford: Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. 1998
1357:. Medford: Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. 1998
1320:. Medford: Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. 1998
1746:
1343:. Vol. 2 Part 1. Libraria Gleditschia. p. 1379.
1536:
1402:
Dwight, Mary Ann (1860). "Genii and
Inferior Deities".
1269:
The cults of
Cisalpine Gaul as seen in the inscriptions
935:. Meford, MA: Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University
596:
with small, central ancestral genius figure flanked by
520:, "to the genius of the Roman people", on the reverse.
129:, who was also the supreme divine unity, and a mother,
1455:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman
Biography and Mythology
1099:
Orr, David Gerald (1980). Browne, Ray
Broadus (ed.).
1082:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
639:("good divinity"), genius of the soil around Vesuvius
1287:
Duruy, Victor (1885). Mahaffy, John Pentland (ed.).
512:, "Genius of the Illyrian Army") on the reverse; an
1040:. The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited. p. 181.
999:
435:) of genius. Stock phrases were abbreviated: GPR,
581:Unknown Roman genius near Pompeii, 1st century BC
472:The genius of a corporate social body is often a
313:on return to Rome after the final victory of the
2407:
504:, 270–275 AD, featuring a standing image of the
968:
480:from Spain, 76–75 BC, featuring a bust of the
1522:
1221:
1036:Grimal, P. (1965). "Rome: Gods by Conquest".
997:
647:
345:Inscription on votive altar to the genius of
190:, or family shrines, have been discovered at
167:deities concerned with birth and childrearing
439:("to the genius of the Roman people"); GHL,
927:Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (2009).
1529:
1515:
1490:. mythindex.com. 2007–2008. Archived from
1159:
926:
136:The Juno was venerated under many titles:
753:Genius of war, Elías Martín, 19th century
661:Genius of love, Meister des Rosenromans,
217:
340:
298:
226:
105:
25:
1448:
1249:"Chapter VI Religions of Roman Britain"
1075:
488:, "Genius of the Roman People") on the
16:Divine nature in ancient Roman religion
2408:
1465:
1422:
1401:
1338:
1265:
1133:
1035:
451:declared the veneration of the genii,
443:("to the genius of this place"); GDN,
1510:
1286:
46:
1408:. New York: A.S. Barnes & Burr.
1289:History of Rome and the Roman people
1246:
969:Mary Ann Dwight (3 September 2023).
462:
71:Each individual place had a genius (
1098:
1050:
739:Marie Louise Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun
635:clad with grapes, and a serpentine
63:that would accompany each of them.
52:
13:
1965:
1395:
1006:The City of God against the Pagans
334:. Thus began the tradition of the
14:
2437:
1468:"Genius, Genii (Roman mythology)"
1442:
1339:Rasche, Christopher, ed. (1785).
294:
101:
23:, the genius in Minoan mythology.
1466:Brewer, E. Cobham, ed. (2009) .
843:
824:
805:
789:
774:
758:
746:
730:
714:
688:
672:
654:
625:
605:
586:
574:
559:
544:
528:
1369:
1347:
1332:
1310:
1280:
1259:
1240:
1215:
1202:
1187:
1153:
1472:Dictionary of Phrase and Fable
1222:Fishwick, Duncan (1987–2005).
1140:Online Etymological Dictionary
1127:
1092:
1069:
1044:
1029:
991:
962:
947:
920:
399:in Britain, as well as to the
94:with the Roman genius, citing
1:
1266:Murley, Joseph Clyde (1922).
913:
704:
662:
241:, the Roman military camp in
510:Genius Exercitus Illyriciani
7:
1453:. In Smith, William (ed.).
1449:Schmitz, Leonhard (2005) .
1405:Grecian and Roman mythology
1080:. In Smith, William (ed.).
1076:Schmitz, Leonhard (2005) .
971:Grecian and Roman Mythology
956:Grecian and Roman Mythology
859:
231:Head of a genius wearing a
10:
2442:
2024:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
1963:
1053:The Mythology of All Races
765:Genius of the resistance,
648:Modern-era representations
476:theme on ancient coins: a
110:Bronze genius depicted as
18:
2355:
2317:
2291:
2260:
2219:
2147:
2063:
2042:
2019:Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
1976:
1840:
1565:
1548:
1175:. Perseus Digital Library
1008:. Penguin Books. p.
222:
173:("lying down to sleep"),
86:The Christian theologian
66:
2278:Rape of the Sabine Women
1134:Harper, Douglas (2001).
1038:Larousse World Mythology
897:Religion in ancient Rome
467:
2283:Battle of Lacus Curtius
1004:. In Dyson, R.W (ed.).
2416:Ancient Roman religion
1970:
1538:Ancient Roman religion
998:St. Augustine (2003).
354:
307:
246:
218:History of the concept
177:("of the cradle") and
117:
90:equated the Christian
84:
31:
1969:
973:. HardPress. p.
737:Genius of Alexander,
357:If the genius of the
344:
302:
230:
109:
79:
29:
2163:Interpretatio graeca
1253:Roman Era in Britain
1247:Ward, John (2003) .
850:Genius of painting,
486:Genius Populi Romani
349:by L. Attius Macro (
271:, "give birth", and
249:The English term is
194:, typically off the
149:, "of married women"
2363:Classical mythology
2184:Theology of victory
2029:Kings of Alba Longa
877:Holy Guardian Angel
796:Genius of America,
721:Genius of liberty,
679:Genius of victory,
618:House of the Vettii
518:genio populi Romani
445:genio domini nostri
437:genio populi Romani
336:Roman imperial cult
278:, "tribe, people".
1971:
1474:. fromoldbooks.org
1427:. Holyoake Press.
1305:Codex Theodosianus
1173:A Latin Dictionary
1161:Lewis, Charlton T.
933:A Latin Dictionary
355:
308:
247:
120:Although the term
118:
48:[ˈɡɛnɪ.ʊs]
32:
2403:
2402:
2380:Etruscan religion
1994:Romulus and Remus
1977:Legendary figures
1961:
1960:
1610:Castor and Pollux
1434:978-1-4067-6774-2
1303:The authors cite
1212:, II, 2, 187-189.
701:Ignazio Marabitti
463:Roman iconography
2433:
2426:Tutelary deities
2273:Founding of Rome
2043:Legendary beings
2004:Tullus Hostilius
1841:Abstract deities
1700:Lares Familiares
1563:
1562:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1494:on 24 April 2009
1483:
1481:
1479:
1462:
1461:on 23 June 2009.
1438:
1419:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1219:
1213:
1206:
1200:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1104:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1003:
995:
989:
988:
966:
960:
953:Mary Ann Dwight
951:
945:
944:
942:
940:
924:
847:
828:
809:
793:
778:
762:
750:
734:
718:
709:
706:
692:
676:
667:
666: 1420–1430
664:
658:
629:
609:
590:
578:
563:
548:
532:
441:genio huius loci
423:genius principis
419:Gallia Cisalpina
411:and even to the
347:Legio VII Gemina
319:Battle of Actium
245:(2nd century AD)
161:, "of virginity"
116:(1st century AD)
54:
50:
45:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2395:Myth and ritual
2390:Greek mythology
2351:
2313:
2309:Pignora imperii
2304:Parabiago Plate
2287:
2256:
2215:
2149:
2143:
2125:Sibylline Books
2059:
2038:
2009:Servius Tullius
1972:
1957:
1836:
1552:
1544:
1535:
1497:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1475:
1445:
1435:
1416:
1398:
1396:Further reading
1393:
1392:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1337:
1333:
1323:
1321:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1299:
1285:
1281:
1264:
1260:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1220:
1216:
1207:
1203:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1158:
1154:
1144:
1142:
1132:
1128:
1116:
1115:
1106:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1088:on 14 May 2011.
1074:
1070:
1063:
1049:
1045:
1034:
1030:
1020:
996:
992:
985:
967:
963:
952:
948:
938:
936:
925:
921:
916:
911:
862:
855:
848:
839:
829:
820:
818:Chr. Dan. Rauch
810:
801:
794:
785:
779:
770:
763:
754:
751:
742:
735:
726:
723:Augustin Dumont
719:
710:
707:
693:
684:
677:
668:
665:
659:
650:
645:
644:
643:
640:
630:
621:
610:
601:
591:
582:
579:
570:
564:
555:
549:
540:
533:
470:
465:
375:, and to every
315:Roman Civil War
311:Octavius Caesar
297:
225:
220:
143:, "of marriage"
104:
69:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2439:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2365:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2247:Pythagoreanism
2244:
2242:Peripateticism
2239:
2234:
2229:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2136:The Golden Ass
2127:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2094:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2055:Barnacle goose
2052:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1999:Numa Pompilius
1996:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1546:
1545:
1534:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1484:
1463:
1444:
1443:External links
1441:
1440:
1439:
1433:
1420:
1414:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1368:
1346:
1331:
1309:
1297:
1279:
1258:
1239:
1232:
1214:
1201:
1186:
1165:Short, Charles
1152:
1126:
1091:
1068:
1061:
1043:
1028:
1018:
990:
984:978-1314004731
983:
961:
946:
918:
917:
915:
912:
910:
909:
904:
902:Tutelary deity
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
863:
861:
858:
857:
856:
849:
842:
840:
830:
823:
821:
814:Peace of Paris
812:Genius of the
811:
804:
802:
795:
788:
786:
780:
773:
771:
764:
757:
755:
752:
745:
743:
736:
729:
727:
720:
713:
711:
694:
687:
685:
678:
671:
669:
660:
653:
649:
646:
642:
641:
631:
624:
622:
611:
604:
602:
592:
585:
583:
580:
573:
571:
568:Antoninus Pius
565:
558:
556:
550:
543:
541:
534:
527:
524:
523:
522:
469:
466:
464:
461:
328:Genius Augusti
296:
295:Imperial genii
293:
224:
221:
219:
216:
163:
162:
156:
150:
144:
113:pater familias
103:
102:Specific genii
100:
68:
65:
57:guardian angel
36:Roman religion
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2438:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2421:Roman deities
2419:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2169:Imperial cult
2167:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:and practices
2146:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2098:Metamorphoses
2095:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:Ancus Marcius
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1943:Tranquillitas
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1556:Dii Consentes
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1436:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1415:0-524-02016-7
1411:
1407:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1378:
1372:
1356:
1350:
1342:
1335:
1319:
1313:
1306:
1300:
1298:1-4325-5089-6
1294:
1290:
1283:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1262:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1235:
1233:90-04-07179-2
1229:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1205:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1122:
1110:
1102:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1064:
1062:0-8154-0073-X
1058:
1054:
1047:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1021:
1019:0-14-044894-2
1015:
1011:
1007:
1002:
994:
986:
980:
976:
972:
965:
959:
957:
950:
934:
930:
923:
919:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
864:
853:
846:
841:
837:
833:
827:
822:
819:
815:
808:
803:
799:
792:
787:
784:
777:
772:
768:
761:
756:
749:
744:
740:
733:
728:
724:
717:
712:
702:
698:
691:
686:
682:
675:
670:
657:
652:
651:
638:
634:
628:
623:
619:
615:
608:
603:
599:
595:
589:
584:
577:
572:
569:
562:
557:
554:
547:
542:
538:
531:
526:
525:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
433:
426:
424:
420:
416:
415:
410:
409:
404:
403:
398:
397:
392:
391:
386:
385:
380:
379:
374:
370:
366:
362:
361:
352:
348:
343:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
320:
316:
312:
306:
301:
292:
290:
286:
284:
279:
277:
275:
270:
266:
265:Indo-European
262:
260:
256:
252:
244:
240:
236:
235:
229:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
188:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
160:
157:
155:, "of brides"
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
137:
134:
132:
128:
123:
115:
114:
108:
99:
97:
93:
89:
83:
78:
76:
75:
64:
62:
58:
49:
41:
37:
28:
22:
21:Minoan Genius
2299:Gubernaculum
2268:Golden Bough
2237:Neoplatonism
2232:Epicureanism
2161:
2134:
2115:
2096:
2089:
2075:
1669:
1580:Anna Perenna
1554:
1496:. Retrieved
1492:the original
1476:. Retrieved
1471:
1459:the original
1454:
1424:
1404:
1381:. Retrieved
1371:
1359:. Retrieved
1349:
1340:
1334:
1322:. Retrieved
1312:
1288:
1282:
1268:
1261:
1252:
1242:
1223:
1217:
1209:
1204:
1194:
1189:
1177:. Retrieved
1172:
1155:
1143:. Retrieved
1139:
1129:
1100:
1094:
1086:the original
1081:
1071:
1052:
1046:
1037:
1031:
1023:
1005:
993:
970:
964:
955:
949:
937:. Retrieved
932:
922:
852:Geo Verbanck
831:
798:Adolphe Yvon
767:Antoine Etex
681:Michelangelo
637:Agathodaimon
613:
593:
536:
517:
509:
506:GENIUS ILLVR
505:
485:
481:
471:
449:Theodosius I
444:
440:
436:
429:
427:
422:
412:
406:
400:
394:
388:
382:
376:
372:
369:Roma aeterna
368:
364:
358:
356:
331:
327:
309:
287:
280:
272:
268:
257:
248:
232:
199:
185:
184:Hundreds of
183:
178:
174:
170:
164:
158:
152:
146:
140:
135:
121:
119:
111:
85:
80:
72:
70:
39:
33:
2373:Persecution
2325:Gallo-Roman
2117:Res divinae
1989:Rhea Silvia
1117:|work=
836:Carl Milles
708: 1778
535:Scene from
237:, found at
74:genius loci
61:Juno spirit
2410:Categories
2318:Variations
2220:Philosophy
2199:Capitolium
2106:Propertius
1873:Averruncus
1858:Aeternitas
1848:Abundantia
1777:Proserpina
1307:XVI.x.xii.
914:References
872:Di Penates
781:Genius of
695:Genius of
566:Genius of
551:Genius of
402:praetorium
303:Genius of
159:Virginalis
147:Matronalis
2345:Mithraism
2330:Mysteries
2179:Palladium
2157:Festivals
1933:Securitas
1883:Concordia
1827:Vertumnus
1645:Dīs Pater
1542:mythology
1193:Plautus,
1119:ignored (
1109:cite book
838:, 1932–40
783:Beethoven
769:, 1833–36
683:, 1532–34
539:, Pompeii
405:of every
373:Britannia
360:imperator
239:Vindobona
88:Augustine
2385:Glossary
2356:See also
2252:Stoicism
2227:Cynicism
2189:Pomerium
2148:Concepts
2130:Apuleius
2050:She-wolf
2034:Hersilia
1953:Victoria
1853:Aequitas
1807:Summanus
1797:Silvanus
1782:Quirinus
1712:Libertas
1675:Hercules
1620:Cloacina
1605:Carmenta
1600:Bona Dea
1575:Angerona
1570:Agenoria
1488:"Genius"
1451:"Genius"
1210:Epistles
1208:Horace,
1167:(1879).
1136:"Genius"
1001:"VII.13"
929:"genius"
860:See also
620:Pompeii.
614:Lararium
594:Lararium
553:Augustus
537:lararium
478:denarius
414:vexillae
396:centuria
353:II 5083)
324:Augustus
305:Domitian
276:, gentis
251:borrowed
243:Pannonia
212:Calabria
208:Campania
200:lararium
2368:Decline
2292:Objects
2194:Temples
2174:Charity
1908:Laverna
1898:Fortuna
1888:Feronia
1817:Veritas
1787:Salacia
1772:Priapus
1757:Penates
1737:Neptune
1732:Minerva
1727:Mercury
1690:Jupiter
1630:Dea Dia
1595:Bellona
1550:Deities
1383:12 July
1196:Captivi
1179:8 March
697:Palermo
633:Bacchus
502:Croatia
490:obverse
457:Penates
317:at the
283:Plautus
192:Pompeii
187:lararia
153:Pronuba
141:Iugalis
127:Jupiter
2335:Cybele
2261:Events
2209:Celtic
2077:Aeneid
2071:Virgil
1984:Aeneas
1918:Pietas
1903:Fontus
1878:Caelus
1868:Annona
1863:Africa
1832:Vulcan
1792:Saturn
1767:Pomona
1670:Genius
1660:Faunus
1650:Egeria
1590:Aurora
1585:Apollo
1498:3 July
1478:3 July
1431:
1412:
1361:2 July
1324:2 July
1295:
1230:
1169:"gens"
1145:2 July
1078:"Cuba"
1059:
1016:
981:
939:1 July
892:Qareen
867:Daemon
832:Genius
800:, 1858
741:, 1814
725:, 1840
514:aureus
498:Siscia
494:aureus
432:cultus
408:castra
384:cohors
378:legion
332:numina
289:Horace
259:genius
234:modius
223:Origin
196:atrium
179:Rumina
175:Cunina
122:genius
67:Nature
44:Latin:
40:genius
38:, the
2204:Cella
2111:Varro
2091:Fasti
2064:Texts
1948:Terra
1928:Salus
1893:Fides
1822:Vesta
1812:Venus
1762:Pluto
1752:Orcus
1707:Liber
1695:Lares
1680:Janus
1665:Flora
1655:Fauna
1635:Diana
1625:Cupid
1615:Ceres
958:p.253
907:Yidam
598:Lares
492:; an
474:cameo
468:Coins
453:Lares
269:gignō
255:Latin
253:from
204:Lares
96:Varro
2340:Isis
2085:Ovid
1938:Spes
1923:Roma
1722:Mars
1717:Luna
1685:Juno
1640:Dies
1540:and
1500:2009
1480:2009
1429:ISBN
1410:ISBN
1385:2009
1363:2009
1326:2009
1293:ISBN
1276:–24.
1228:ISBN
1199:2.2.
1181:2019
1147:2009
1121:help
1057:ISBN
1014:ISBN
979:ISBN
941:2009
887:Kami
882:Jinn
455:and
393:and
365:Roma
274:gēns
210:and
171:Cuba
131:Juno
92:soul
1913:Pax
1802:Sol
1747:Ops
1742:Nox
1010:284
975:325
500:in
496:of
482:GPR
390:ala
351:CIL
53:pl.
34:In
2412::
1470:.
1274:19
1251:.
1171:.
1163:;
1138:.
1113::
1111:}}
1107:{{
1022:.
1012:.
977:.
931:.
834:,
816:,
705:c.
703:,
699:,
663:c.
616:,
387:,
381:,
371:,
367:,
169::
51:;
1559:)
1553:(
1530:e
1523:t
1516:v
1502:.
1482:.
1437:.
1418:.
1387:.
1365:.
1328:.
1301:.
1236:.
1183:.
1149:.
1123:)
1065:.
987:.
943:.
508:(
484:(
430:(
261:,
42:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_01.jpg)
