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very opposite of what is termed "island hopping" which is the gradual pushing back of the enemy by direct frontal pressure with the consequent heavy casualties which will certainly be involved. Key points must of course be taken but a wise choice of such will obviate the need for storming the mass of islands now in enemy possession. "Island hopping" with extravagant losses and slow progress ... is not my idea of how to end the war as soon and as cheaply as possible. New conditions require for solution and new weapons require for maximum application new and imaginative methods. Wars are never won in the past.
35:
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318:. Containing these Japanese forces tied up six American divisions, threatening to make the American Army the one that became strategically ineffective. They did not pursue defeated Japanese forces and engaged in little patrolling beyond their defensive perimeters, allowing the defeated Japanese to regroup and reform. It also left local people at the mercy of the Japanese. When MacArthur
84:. The key idea was to bypass heavily fortified enemy islands instead of trying to capture every island in sequence en route to a final target. The reasoning was that those islands could simply be cut off from their supply chains (leading to their eventual capitulation) rather than needing to be overwhelmed by superior force, thus speeding up progress and reducing losses of troops and
309:
The bypassed
Japanese forces were expected to be ineffective and "wither on the vine" and starve within a few months, but this did not occur. They cultivated gardens using seeds and equipment imported by aircraft and submarines and worked with local labor, and remained strong and well-organized. They
164:
drafted "Plan 712, Advanced Base
Operations in Micronesia," a plan for war against Japan which updated War Plan Orange by incorporating modern military technology (submarines, aircraft, etc.) and which again included an island-hopping strategy. Shortly afterward, a British reporter on naval affairs,
290:
My strategic conception for the
Pacific Theater, which I outlined after the Papuan Campaign and have since consistently advocated, contemplates massive strokes against only main strategic objectives, utilizing surprise and air-ground striking power supported and assisted by the fleet. This is the
242:
were the first successful Allied practices of leapfrogging in terms of landing on lightly guarded beaches and very low casualties but cutting off
Japanese troops hundreds of miles away from their supply routes. MacArthur said his version of leapfrogging was different from what he called island
322:, he abandoned leapfrogging in favor of a policy of the complete destruction of the Japanese forces, mainly based on a political imperative of liberating the Filipinos. Australian forces relieved the American garrisons in late 1944 and conducted offensives against the
300:
Leapfrogging would allow the United States forces to reach Japan quickly and not expend the time, manpower, and supplies to capture every
Japanese-held island on the way. It would give the Allies the advantage of surprise and keep the Japanese off balance.
223:. While MacArthur claimed to have invented the strategy, it initially came out of the Navy. While this strategy pre-dated World War II by many decades, MacArthur was the first Allied theater commander to practice this during the Allied offensive in the
203:
and isolate
Japanese bases, weakening their garrisons and reducing the Japanese ability to resupply and reinforce them. Thus troops on islands which had been bypassed, such as the major base at
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121:, the U.S. began to regard Japan as a potential threat to its interests in the western Pacific. This antagonism was intensified by Japan's objections to an attempt to
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Islands. If these islands were fortified, Japan could in principle deny the U.S. access to its interests in the western
Pacific. Therefore, in 1921, Major
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As the 20th century dawned, the U.S. had several interests in the western
Pacific to defend; namely, access to the Chinese market and its colonies – the
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began to draft war plans against Japan, which were eventually codenamed "War Plan Orange". The war plan of 1911, which was drafted under Rear
Admiral
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to the U.S. and by Japan's objections to discrimination against
Japanese immigrants both in Hawaii and California. As a result, as early as 1897 the
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that favored direct assaults on heavily defended beaches and islands leading to massive casualties for such small parcels of land like at
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arrived at Hawaii on February 23, 1894. See: William L. Neumann, "The First Abrasions" in: Ellis S. Krauss and Benjamin Nyblade, ed.s,
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179:(1925), which detailed an island-hopping strategy. The books were read not only by Americans but by senior officers of the
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remained capable of offensive action, and mounted major counterattacks against the American forces in the
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gave Japan a mandate over former German colonies in the western Pacific—specifically, the
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207:, were useless to the Japanese war effort and left to "wither on the vine". General
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This article is about the World War II strategy. For the tactical counterpart, see
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but subordinate to MacArthur in Operation Cartwheel, in perfecting leapfrogging.
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From Mahan to Pearl Harbor: The Imperial Japanese Navy and the United States
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715:. Reports of General MacArthur. Vol. I Supplement. Washington, D.C.:
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3628:
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1966:
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1772:
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224:
212:
137:
73:
500:
Sea-power in the Pacific: A Study of the American-Japanese Naval Problem
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1622:
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883:
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2665:
2462:
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196:
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200:
85:
169:, publicized the prospect of a Japanese-American war in his books
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23:. For the biological migration movement of island hopping, see
419:
2329:
564:
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398:"Japan's Points: Hawaiian government to be asked questions."
133:, included an island-hopping strategy for approaching Japan.
211:
greatly supported this strategy in his effort to regain the
581:
https://history.army.mil/html/books/005/5-5/CMH_Pub_5-5.pdf
195:
This strategy was possible in part because the Allies used
106:
598:
559:
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Japan and North America: First contacts to the Pacific War
707:"Chapter III: The Command Structure: AFPAC, FEC and SCAP"
586:
471:, Marine Corps Association and Foundation, archived from
431:
408:"No Arbitration: Minister Shimamura on indemnity claim."
219:. This strategy began to be implemented in late 1943 in
369:, Volume 1, (London, England: RouteledgeCurzon, 2004),
1401:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
339:
610:
109:– which the U.S. had gained as a result of the 1898
638:. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press.
712:MacArthur In Japan: The Occupation: Military Phase
376:
4032:
455:Plan 712, Advanced Base Operations in Micronesia
183:, who used "island-hopping" in their successful
286:MacArthur explained his and Halsey's strategy:
533:
755:
243:hopping, which was the style favored by the
692:
604:
568:
762:
748:
701:
592:
507:
503:. London, England: Constable and Co., Ltd.
185:southeast Asia offensives in 1941 and 1942
27:. For other uses of "Island hopping", see
693:Roehrs, Mark D; Renzi, William A (2004).
357:On this occasion, Japan sent the cruiser
275:. MacArthur worked together with Admiral
38:Allied island-hopping campaign 1943–1945:
717:United States Government Printing Office
656:The Second World War: a Military History
40:Blue – Japanese-held territory Aug. 1945
33:
653:
496:
4033:
2609:
2587:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
465:Advanced Base Operations in Micronesia
3458:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
2890:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
2536:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
2492:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
1597:Rape during the occupation of Germany
743:
673:. Canberra: Australian War Memorial.
631:
513:
437:
425:
382:
345:
2580:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
1612:Rape during the liberation of France
663:
658:. New York: William Morrow & Co.
616:
190:
13:
2806:German invasion of the Netherlands
1086:Weather events during World War II
697:(2nd ed.). London: ME Sharpe.
14:
4062:
3437:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
113:. After Japan's victories in the
3997:
769:
304:
574:
50:Light pink – Occupied Aug. 1945
29:Island hopping (disambiguation)
3684:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
1394:Territorial changes of Germany
1302:Indonesian National Revolution
490:
443:
388:
351:
46:Dark pink – Occupied Apr. 1944
1:
3084:Japanese invasion of Thailand
3035:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
2799:German invasion of Luxembourg
1180:Mediterranean and Middle East
625:
295:
96:
2991:Invasion of the Soviet Union
2680:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
1998:Independent State of Croatia
7:
3975:End of World War II in Asia
3815:Western invasion of Germany
3322:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
3299:Second Battle of El Alamein
2869:Hundred Regiments Offensive
2841:Battle of the Mediterranean
2694:Italian invasion of Albania
868:Air warfare of World War II
695:World War II in the Pacific
497:Bywater, Hector C. (1921).
320:returned to the Philippines
42:Dark red – Allied territory
10:
4067:
3901:Naval bombardment of Japan
3269:First Battle of El Alamein
3188:Battle of Christmas Island
3133:Japanese invasion of Burma
2897:Italian invasion of Greece
2813:German invasion of Belgium
2785:German invasion of Denmark
2758:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
2627:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
891:Comparative military ranks
428:, pp. 10, 11, 18, 20.
414:, vol. 32, no. 37, page 1.
316:Bougainville counterattack
91:
18:
3990:
3822:Bratislava–Brno offensive
3762:
3753:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
3490:
3377:Allied invasion of Sicily
3331:
3237:Aleutian Islands campaign
3209:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
3156:
3147:Greek famine of 1941–1944
3042:Second Battle of Changsha
2947:German invasion of Greece
2915:
2792:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
2767:
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2481:
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2117:
1965:
1668:
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1417:
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1134:North and Central Pacific
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583:. Retrieved 14 April 2021
404:, vol. 32, no 36, page 1.
361:to Honolulu, Hawaii; the
312:Battle of Driniumor River
48:Pink – Occupied Oct. 1944
3414:Allied invasion of Italy
3391:Solomon Islands campaign
3140:Third Battle of Changsha
2737:First Battle of Changsha
2643:Second Sino-Japanese War
1583:German military brothels
1449:United States war crimes
547:. 1942-06-29. p. 32
333:
324:Japanese on Bougainville
44:Red – Occupied Nov. 1943
3836:Second Guangxi campaign
3691:Philippines (1944–1945)
3195:Battle of the Coral Sea
3098:Fall of the Philippines
2744:Battle of South Guangxi
2650:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
2056:Italian Social Republic
654:Collier, Basil (1967).
605:Roehrs & Renzi 2004
569:Roehrs & Renzi 2004
171:Seapower in the Pacific
21:Leapfrogging (infantry)
3421:Armistice of Cassibile
3223:Battle of Dutch Harbor
3174:Battle of the Java Sea
3077:Attack on Pearl Harbor
2977:Syria–Lebanon campaign
2970:Battle of South Shanxi
2940:Invasion of Yugoslavia
2723:Battle of the Atlantic
2337:Korean Liberation Army
2050:(until September 1943)
2007:(until September 1944)
1985:(until September 1944)
703:Willoughby, Charles A.
293:
181:Imperial Japanese Navy
167:Hector Charles Bywater
51:
3585:Second Battle of Guam
3481:Bengal famine of 1943
3451:Second Battle of Kiev
3407:Battle of the Dnieper
3112:Battle of Wake Island
2984:East African campaign
2926:Battle of South Henan
2571:atrocities by Germans
2344:Korean Volunteer Army
1325:Occupation of Germany
1079:Music in World War II
632:Asada, Sadao (2006).
519:"Japan Strikes: 1941"
440:, pp. 12–13, 22.
288:
247:commanded by Admiral
240:Operation Persecution
176:The Great Pacific War
37:
3871:Surrender of Germany
3349:Battle of West Hubei
3306:Guadalcanal campaign
3276:Battle of Stalingrad
3202:Battle of Madagascar
1976:Albania protectorate
1763:(formerly Swaziland)
1472:Wehrmacht war crimes
1288:Expulsion of Germans
1072:Art and World War II
970:British contribution
919:Governments in exile
245:Central Pacific Area
142:Treaty of Versailles
111:Spanish–American War
3961:Potsdam Declaration
3850:Italy (Spring 1945)
3613:Liberation of Paris
3070:Siege of Sevastopol
2088:(until August 1944)
1991:Wang Jingwei regime
1813:from September 1943
1773:from September 1944
1711:from September 1944
1571:Romanian war crimes
1562:Persecution of Jews
1548:Croatian war crimes
1518:Japanese war crimes
1332:Occupation of Japan
1281:First Indochina War
993:Military production
905:Declarations of war
670:The Final Campaigns
279:, commander of the
232:Operation Cartwheel
221:Operation Cartwheel
217:Japanese occupation
199:and air attacks to
3954:Surrender of Japan
3787:Battle of Iwo Jima
3636:Belgrade offensive
3049:Siege of Leningrad
2933:Battle of Shanggao
2862:British Somaliland
2827:Dunkirk evacuation
2778:Norwegian campaign
2716:Invasion of Poland
2543:Japanese prisoners
1511:Italian war crimes
1442:British war crimes
1357:Soviet occupations
1141:South-West Pacific
1028:Allied cooperation
986:Military equipment
541:"War in Aleutians"
529:(1): 12–15, 91–95.
348:, pp. 11, 18.
281:South Pacific Area
236:Operation Reckless
158:Earl Hancock Ellis
131:Raymond P. Rodgers
119:Russo-Japanese War
52:
4041:Military strategy
4028:
4027:
3986:
3985:
3829:Battle of Okinawa
3728:Burma (1944–1945)
3562:Mariana and Palau
3342:Tunisian campaign
3167:Fall of Singapore
3091:Fall of Hong Kong
2834:Battle of Britain
2687:Operation Himmler
2596:
2595:
2260:Dutch East Indies
1903:Southern Rhodesia
1655:
1654:
1555:Genocide of Serbs
1458:German war crimes
1435:Soviet war crimes
1428:Allied war crimes
1274:Division of Korea
1253:Chinese Civil War
1051:Strategic bombing
963:Manhattan Project
619:, pp. 66–69.
523:American Heritage
209:Douglas MacArthur
191:Rationale and use
162:U.S. Marine Corps
115:Sino-Japanese War
66:military strategy
25:Oceanic dispersal
16:Military strategy
4058:
4046:Military tactics
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4004:World portal
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3857:Battle of Berlin
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3801:Vienna offensive
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3780:Battle of Manila
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3216:Battle of Gazala
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3126:Battle of Borneo
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3119:Malayan campaign
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3063:Bombing of Gorky
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3056:Battle of Moscow
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2558:Soviet prisoners
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2036:
2034:French Indochina
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1978:
1958:
1949:
1942:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1881:from August 1944
1872:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1764:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1666:
1665:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1607:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1573:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1525:Nanjing Massacre
1520:
1513:
1504:
1502:Nuremberg trials
1495:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1343:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1235:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1106:Asia and Pacific
1088:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1037:
1035:Mulberry harbour
1030:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
988:
981:
972:
965:
958:
949:
942:
935:
928:
921:
914:
907:
900:
893:
886:
877:
870:
855:
854:
843:
836:
827:
820:
813:
806:
799:
792:
785:
764:
757:
750:
741:
740:
736:
734:
732:
698:
689:
687:
685:
659:
649:
620:
614:
608:
602:
596:
590:
584:
578:
572:
566:
557:
556:
554:
552:
537:
531:
530:
515:Honan, William H
511:
505:
504:
494:
488:
485:
484:
483:
477:
470:
459:
447:
441:
435:
429:
423:
417:
412:Hawaiian Gazette
402:Hawaiian Gazette
392:
386:
380:
374:
355:
349:
343:
68:employed by the
57:, also known as
4066:
4065:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4017:
4010:
3996:
3994:
3982:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3920:
3915:Atomic bombings
3913:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3758:
3751:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3673:
3664:
3657:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3618:
3611:
3606:Eastern Romania
3604:
3599:Warsaw Uprising
3597:
3592:Tannenberg Line
3590:
3583:
3578:Western Ukraine
3576:
3567:
3560:
3551:
3542:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3508:
3499:
3486:
3479:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3428:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3375:
3370:Battle of Kursk
3368:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3327:
3320:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3258:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3181:St Nazaire Raid
3179:
3172:
3165:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3005:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2963:Anglo-Iraqi War
2961:
2954:Battle of Crete
2952:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2911:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2883:Eastern Romania
2881:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2701:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2625:
2618:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2569:
2562:
2557:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2525:
2518:
2509:
2502:
2497:
2490:
2477:
2470:
2461:
2454:
2449:
2444:Western Ukraine
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2388:Northeast China
2386:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2094:Slovak Republic
2092:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2065:Empire of Japan
2063:
2054:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1981:
1974:
1961:
1954:
1945:
1938:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1767:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1651:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1610:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1577:Sexual violence
1576:
1569:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1346:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1307:
1300:
1295:Greek Civil War
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1238:
1231:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1199:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1120:South-East Asia
1118:
1111:
1104:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
984:
979:Military awards
977:
968:
961:
954:
945:
938:
931:
924:
917:
910:
903:
896:
889:
882:
873:
866:
846:
839:
832:
823:
816:
809:
804:
795:
788:
781:
773:
768:
730:
728:
683:
681:
646:
628:
623:
615:
611:
603:
599:
593:Willoughby 1966
591:
587:
579:
575:
567:
560:
550:
548:
539:
538:
534:
512:
508:
495:
491:
481:
479:
475:
468:
462:
452:
448:
444:
436:
432:
424:
420:
410:(May 7, 1897),
393:
389:
381:
377:
356:
352:
344:
340:
336:
307:
298:
225:Pacific Theater
193:
99:
94:
78:Empire of Japan
49:
47:
45:
43:
41:
39:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4064:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4015:
4008:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3934:
3931:South Sakhalin
3927:
3926:
3925:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3768:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3731:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3671:
3662:
3655:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3616:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3565:
3558:
3549:
3540:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3506:
3496:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3468:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3410:
3403:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3356:Battle of Attu
3352:
3345:
3337:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3318:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3247:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3162:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3105:Battle of Guam
3101:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3031:
3028:Battle of Kiev
3024:
3017:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2921:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2773:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2646:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2615:
2613:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2567:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2539:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2527:United Kingdom
2523:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2495:
2487:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2459:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2340:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2213:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2123:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1979:
1971:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1931:British Empire
1924:United Kingdom
1920:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1765:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1740:Czechoslovakia
1736:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1674:
1672:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1640:
1637:Rape of Manila
1633:
1626:
1619:
1608:
1593:
1586:
1574:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1558:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1514:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1489:
1475:
1468:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1423:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1408:United Nations
1404:
1397:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1267:Decolonization
1263:
1256:
1248:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1213:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1101:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1017:
1010:
1003:
996:
989:
982:
975:
974:
973:
959:
952:
951:
950:
943:
940:United Kingdom
936:
922:
915:
908:
901:
894:
887:
880:
879:
878:
863:
861:
852:
848:
847:
845:
844:
837:
830:
829:
828:
821:
814:
802:
801:
800:
786:
778:
775:
774:
767:
766:
759:
752:
744:
738:
737:
727:. CMH Pub 13-4
705:, ed. (1966).
699:
690:
661:
651:
644:
627:
624:
622:
621:
609:
607:, p. 119.
597:
595:, p. 100.
585:
573:
571:, p. 122.
558:
532:
506:
489:
487:
486:
460:
442:
430:
418:
416:
415:
405:
400:(May 4, 1897)
387:
375:
350:
337:
335:
332:
306:
303:
297:
294:
277:William Halsey
249:Chester Nimitz
192:
189:
98:
95:
93:
90:
59:island hopping
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4063:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3993:
3992:
3989:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3965:
3962:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:Kuril Islands
3935:
3932:
3928:
3923:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3761:
3754:
3750:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3705:Syrmian Front
3702:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3651:Market Garden
3647:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3510:Monte Cassino
3507:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3422:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3127:
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2520:United States
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2456:Quốc dân Đảng
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2156:Liechtenstein
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2017:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:United States
1937:
1932:
1928:
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1925:
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1631:
1630:Comfort women
1627:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1614: /
1613:
1609:
1606:
1603: /
1602:
1599: /
1598:
1594:
1591:
1590:Camp brothels
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1515:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1479:The Holocaust
1476:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1465:forced labour
1462:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1446:
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1425:
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1354:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1318:Marshall Plan
1315:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1289:
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1278:
1275:
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1234:
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1207:
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1198:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1171:Eastern Front
1168:
1165:
1164:Western Front
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1160:
1158:
1154:
1149:
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1098:
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1080:
1076:
1073:
1069:
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1062:
1059:
1058:Puppet states
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1048:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1001:
1000:Naval history
997:
994:
990:
987:
983:
980:
976:
971:
967:
966:
964:
960:
957:
953:
948:
947:United States
944:
941:
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929:
927:
923:
920:
916:
913:
909:
906:
902:
899:
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876:
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871:
869:
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862:
860:
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849:
842:
838:
835:
831:
826:
822:
819:
815:
812:
808:
807:
803:
798:
794:
793:
791:
787:
784:
780:
779:
776:
772:
765:
760:
758:
753:
751:
746:
745:
742:
726:
722:
718:
714:
713:
708:
704:
700:
696:
691:
680:
676:
672:
671:
666:
662:
657:
652:
647:
645:9781557500427
641:
637:
636:
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629:
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613:
606:
601:
594:
589:
582:
577:
570:
565:
563:
546:
542:
536:
528:
524:
520:
516:
510:
502:
501:
493:
478:on 2016-08-05
474:
467:
466:
461:
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451:
450:
446:
439:
434:
427:
422:
413:
409:
406:
403:
399:
396:
395:
391:
385:, p. 10.
384:
379:
372:
368:
364:
360:
354:
347:
342:
338:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
305:Disadvantages
302:
292:
287:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
237:
233:
228:
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108:
104:
89:
87:
83:
79:
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67:
64:
60:
56:
36:
30:
26:
22:
4012:Bibliography
3995:
3808:Project Hula
3773:Vistula–Oder
3742:
3675:
3666:
3650:
3620:
3569:
3553:
3544:
3535:
3501:
3398:
3313:
3289:
3259:
3010:
2903:
2848:North Africa
2550:Soviet Union
2504:Soviet Union
2430:Soviet Union
2198:Vatican City
2108:Vichy France
2013:German Reich
1910:Soviet Union
1896:South Africa
1889:Sierra Leone
1842:Newfoundland
1661:Participants
1644:Marocchinate
1348:
1339:
1309:
1187:North Africa
1148:Indian Ocean
1007:Nazi plunder
898:Cryptography
771:World War II
729:. Retrieved
711:
694:
682:. Retrieved
669:
655:
634:
612:
600:
588:
576:
551:November 17,
549:. Retrieved
544:
535:
526:
522:
517:(Dec 1970).
509:
499:
492:
480:, retrieved
473:the original
464:
454:
445:
433:
421:
411:
401:
390:
378:
366:
362:
358:
353:
341:
308:
299:
289:
285:
230:MacArthur's
229:
194:
174:
170:
135:
123:annex Hawaii
100:
82:World War II
76:against the
58:
55:Leapfrogging
54:
53:
4051:Pacific War
3743:Bodenplatte
3629:Gothic Line
2855:West Africa
2402:Philippines
2381:Netherlands
2246:Czech lands
2184:Switzerland
2128:Afghanistan
2079:Philippines
1947:Puerto Rico
1863:Philippines
1849:New Zealand
1835:Netherlands
1788:Free France
1539:Prosecution
1340:Osoaviakhim
1210:West Africa
1194:East Africa
841:Conferences
665:Long, Gavin
213:Philippines
173:(1921) and
138:World War I
103:Philippines
74:Pacific War
4035:Categories
3843:West Hunan
3676:Pointblank
3012:Silver Fox
2998:Summer War
2751:Winter War
2730:Phoney War
2511:Azerbaijan
2472:Yugoslavia
2367:Luxembourg
2209:Resistance
1956:Yugoslavia
1821:Luxembourg
1623:Sook Ching
1419:War crimes
1021:Technology
1014:Opposition
956:Lend-Lease
933:Australian
926:Home front
884:Blitzkrieg
834:Casualties
825:Commanders
797:Operations
626:References
482:2017-12-18
438:Asada 2006
426:Asada 2006
383:Asada 2006
346:Asada 2006
296:Advantages
152:, and the
97:Background
63:amphibious
3908:Manchuria
3794:Indochina
3570:Bagration
3021:Lithuania
2666:Anschluss
2463:Viet Minh
2360:Lithuania
2302:Hong Kong
2072:Manchukuo
2027:Azad Hind
1686:Australia
1486:Aftermath
1349:Paperclip
1244:Aftermath
1044:Total war
912:Diplomacy
875:In Europe
725:482111659
617:Long 1963
458:, iBiblio
197:submarine
127:U.S. Navy
61:, was an
4019:Category
3968:document
3878:document
3735:Ardennes
3719:Budapest
3667:Crossbow
3545:Overlord
3384:Smolensk
2602:Timeline
2437:Slovakia
2423:Thailand
2274:Ethiopia
2239:Bulgaria
2163:Portugal
2101:Thailand
1983:Bulgaria
1761:Eswatini
1754:Ethiopia
1707:Bulgaria
1532:Unit 731
1493:Response
1310:Keelhaul
1260:Cold War
1233:Americas
1224:timeline
1217:Atlantic
1097:Theaters
731:27 March
684:25 March
667:(1963).
371:page 114
314:and the
269:Iwo Jima
201:blockade
154:Caroline
150:Marshall
117:and the
86:materiel
3945:Shumshu
3712:Hungary
3659:Estonia
3643:Lapland
3621:Dragoon
3554:Neptune
3536:Ichi-Go
3502:Tempest
3444:Changde
3399:Cottage
3291:Jubilee
3007:Finland
2905:Compass
2611:Prelude
2564:Finland
2450:Vietnam
2416:Romania
2288:Germany
2267:Estonia
2253:Denmark
2232:Belgium
2225:Austria
2218:Albania
2149:Ireland
2135:Andorra
2119:Neutral
2086:Romania
2020:Hungary
2005:Finland
1877:Romania
1769:Finland
1747:Denmark
1693:Belgium
1679:Algeria
1385:Romania
1371:Hungary
1127:Pacific
851:General
805:Leaders
790:Battles
783:Outline
679:1297619
326:and at
273:Okinawa
257:Peleliu
160:of the
146:Mariana
92:History
80:during
72:in the
3922:Debate
3894:Taipei
3887:Borneo
3465:Tarawa
2659:Europe
2620:Africa
2409:Poland
2395:Norway
2374:Malaya
2353:Latvia
2295:Greece
2281:France
2177:Sweden
2142:Bhutan
1870:Poland
1856:Norway
1828:Mexico
1795:Greece
1781:France
1719:Canada
1700:Brazil
1670:Allies
1616:Serbia
1605:Poland
1378:Poland
1364:Baltic
1157:Europe
859:Topics
811:Allied
723:
677:
642:
363:Naniwa
359:Naniwa
328:Aitape
271:, and
261:Saipan
253:Tarawa
205:Rabaul
140:, the
136:After
70:Allies
3698:Leyte
3528:Narva
3514:Anzio
3472:Makin
3430:Burma
3314:Torch
3283:Rzhev
3244:Kiska
2330:Korea
2316:Japan
2309:Italy
2191:Tibet
2170:Spain
2048:Italy
1809:Italy
1802:India
1726:China
1601:Japan
1201:Italy
1113:China
1065:Women
476:(PDF)
469:(PDF)
449:See:
394:See:
334:Notes
215:from
3764:1945
3492:1944
3333:1943
3261:Blue
3251:Attu
3158:1942
2917:1941
2769:1940
2707:1939
2636:Asia
2483:POWs
2323:Jews
2041:Iraq
1967:Axis
1917:Tuva
1733:Cuba
818:Axis
733:2021
721:OCLC
686:2019
675:OCLC
640:ISBN
553:2011
545:Life
265:Guam
238:and
107:Guam
105:and
4037::
3512:/
719:.
709:.
561:^
543:.
527:22
525:.
521:.
330:.
267:,
263:,
259:,
255:,
234:,
227:.
187:.
148:,
88:.
3015:)
3009:(
1883:)
1879:(
1815:)
1811:(
1775:)
1771:(
1713:)
1709:(
763:e
756:t
749:v
735:.
688:.
660:.
650:.
648:.
555:.
373:.
31:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
