Knowledge

Land tenure

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Approximately 7% of the allocated land in Israel is privately owned. The rest, i.e. 93%, is owned by the State and is known as "Israeli Land". Israel's Basic Law on real estate states that Israel's Land is jointly owned by the State (69%), the Development Authority (12%), and the Jewish National Fund
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and through the ways in which people create and utilize landscape boundaries, both natural and constructed. Less tangible aspects of tenure are harder to qualify, and study of these relies heavily on either the anthropological record (in the case of pre-literate societies) or textual evidence (in the
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Foreigners cannot buy and own land, like in many other Southeast Asian countries. Instead, the land is collectively owned by all Vietnamese people, but governed by the state. As written in the national Land Law, foreigners and foreign organizations are allowed to lease land. The leasehold period is
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is a common law concept that recognizes that some indigenous people have certain land rights that derive from their traditional laws and customs. Native title can co-exist with non-indigenous proprietary rights and in some cases different indigenous groups can exercise their native title over the
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in which land "owned" by an individual is possessed by someone else who is said to "hold" the land, based on an agreement between both individuals. It determines who can use land, for how long and under what conditions. Tenure may be based both on official laws and policies, and on informal local
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aspects as well as uses of past forms of tenure. For example, people can lay claim to, or profess to own resources, through reference to ancestral memory within society. In these cases, the nature of and relationships with aspects of the past, both tangible (e.g. monuments) and intangible (e.g.
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Since 2017, A ban on foreigners owning farmland was introduced in the Georgia's new constitution. The new constitution states that, with a small number of exceptions, agricultural land can only be owned by the state, a Georgian citizen or a Georgian-owned entity.
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In 2014, the Sri Lankan parliament passed a law banning land purchases by foreigners. The new act will allow foreigners to acquire land only on a lease basis of up to 99 years with an annual 15 percent tax on the total rental paid upfront.
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throughout West Africa, because of the great difficulties in enforcing land law, decisions about land claims have more often reflected the power and influence of the different stakeholders, rather than enforcing the letter of the law
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Land in China is state-owned or collectively owned. Enterprises, farmers, and householders lease land from the state using long-term leases of 20 to 70 years. Foreign investors are not allowed to buy or own land in China.
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Under Article 44 of the Cambodian Constitution, "only natural persons or legal entities of Khmer nationality shall have the right to land ownership." foreigners are prohibited to own or possess land in Cambodia.
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In several developing countries, such as Egypt and Senegal, this method is still presently in use. In Senegal, it is mentioned as "mise en valeur des zones du terroir" and in Egypt, it is called Wadaa al-yad.
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Historically, it was usual for there to be reciprocal duties and rights between lord and tenant. There were different kinds of tenure to fit various kinds of need. For instance, a military tenure might be by
739:. Allodial title is inalienable, in that it may be conveyed, devised, gifted, or mortgaged by the owner, but it may not be distressed and restrained for collection of taxes or private debts, or condemned ( 766:— some degree of interest in the use or revenues of a given parcel of land — in exchange for a claim on services such as military service or simply maintenance of the land in which the 2007: 1004:
and collective property management. This makes it possible to study the long-term consequences of change and development in land tenure systems and agricultural productivity.
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signifies a legal relationship between tenant and lord, arranging the duties and rights of tenant and lord in relationship to the land. Over history, many different forms of
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first came to North America, they sometimes disregarded traditional land tenure and simply seized land, or they accommodated traditional land tenure by recognizing it as
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They doled out portions of their land to lesser tenants who in turn divided it among even lesser tenants. This process—that of granting subordinate tenancies—is known as
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Moreover, an archaeological approach to land tenure arrangements studies the temporal aspects of land governance, including their sometimes temporary, impermanent and
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of the human need for shelter, housing prices can therefore be raised above universally-affordable rates. This complicates tenure by limiting supply and exacerbating
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With homelessness and wealth inequality on the rise, land tenure in the developed world has become a point of issue. Market-based economies which treat housing as a
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41 of the Constitution of Afghanistan, foreigners are not allowed to own land. Foreign individuals shall not have the right to own immovable property in Afghanistan
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is an interest in real property that ends at death. The holder has the use of the land for life, but typically no ability to transfer that interest or to use it to
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Though purchase of land is not permitted to foreigners, a real estate investor may apply for a 70 year leasehold with a Myanmar Investment Commission (MIC) permit.
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In Thailand foreigners are normally prohibited to own or possess land in Thailand. These restrictions are covered in the land code, articles 96 and following.
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customs (insofar higher law does allow that). In other words, land tenure implies a system according to which land is held by an individual or the actual
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also advocates for reforms to give women access to ownership and control over land in recognition of the importance of tenure to resource distribution.
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had differing notions of land ownership. Whereas European land ownership centered around control, Indigenous notions were based on stewardship. When
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Thompson, Tres; Darby, Marta; Hillenbrand, Michelle; Kempner, Trevor; Kothari, Mansi; Lawrence, Andrew; Nelson, Ryan; Wakefield, Tom (2015).
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by its owner to another party. A wide range of arrangements are possible, ranging from very short terms to the 99-year leases common in the
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is owned absolutely free and clear of any superior landlord or sovereign. True allodial title is rare, with most property ownership in the
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same land. There are approximately 160 registered determinations of native title, spanning some 16% of Australia's land mass. The case of
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As per article Forty-one Ch. 2, of the constitution foreign persons do not have the right to own immovable property in Afghanistan.
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consider Article 41 of the Constitution: "Foreign individuals shall not have the right to own immovable property in Afghanistan.
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All land in China is owned by the government, which parcels it out to developers and homeowners through 20- to 70-year leases.
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As foreigners are prohibited from permanent ownership of land. Foreigners can only lease land for a period of up to 30 year.
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In addition, there are various forms of collective ownership, which typically take either the form of membership in a
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Foreigners are not allowed to own freehold land in Maldives. the land can only be leased to foreigners for 99 years.
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Only Mongolian citizens can own the land within the territory of Mongolia. foreign citizens can only lease the land.
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Secure land-tenure also recognizes one's legal residential status in urban areas and it is a key characteristic in
1338:" and "tenant" have been recycled to refer to the modern relationship of the parties to land which is held under a 1280: 980:, government ownership of most agricultural land has combined in various ways with tenure for farming collectives. 79: 2340: 2243: 3967: 3779: 3159: 2183: 1586: 1426: 486: 151: 2095: 3421: 1392: 414: 57: 1826: 1122:
According to the legislation of Belarus, a foreign citizen cannot own land and only has the right to rent it.
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with the most extensive and exclusive rights of ownership over the territory, simply put, the owner of land.
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may include such rights as the use of a road or the right to graze one's animals on commonly owned land.
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continued to have an interest. This pattern obtained from the level of high nobility as vassals of a
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allow one to make certain specific uses of land owned by someone else. The most classic easement is
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Extraction of Parcel Boundaries from Ortho-rectified Aerial Photos: A cost effective technique
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signed into law a bill that bans the selling and leasing of agricultural land to foreigners.
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and by the fact that if the land is mortgaged, there will be a claim on it in the form of a
4230: 4188: 4016: 3996: 3703: 3037: 2899: 1432: 1429: – Ownership of land in a particular area by a small number of people or organizations 293: 249: 143: 8: 4240: 4006: 3989: 3826: 3514: 3509: 3196: 3110: 3052: 2985: 2155: 1861: 1485: 1473: 239: 184: 93: 2401:"Kazakh President Signs into Law Long-Debated Bill Banning Land Ownership by Foreigners" 2054:"Understanding law & regulations before buying land & properties in Bali (2023)" 1823:"Exactly what is native title? - What is native title? - National Native Title Tribunal" 802:. The holder can typically freely sell or otherwise transfer that interest or use it to 4124: 4071: 4031: 3793: 3117: 2914: 2451:"Land and Conveyancing Law Reform Act 2009 – No. 27 of 2009 – Houses of the Oireachtas" 2081: 751: 404: 244: 2723:. London: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED). p. 14. 2293:"Citizen or Not: The Process and Concerns of Buying Property in Sri Lanka as an Expat" 1545: – Economic, political, and judicial institution during the Middle Ages in Europe 1089:
Foreigners are prohibited owning land in the Philippines under the 1987 Constitution.
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Land Tenure Lexicon: A Glossary of Terms from English and French Speaking West Africa
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In the developing world, catastrophes are impacting greater numbers of people due to
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is hereditary, non-transferable ownership of real property. A similar concept, the
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closely resembles the landlord-tenant relationship that can be created in land.
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Leonard, Rebeca; Longbottom, Judy, eds. (2000). "Colonial land tenure system -
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arrangements. For instance, in the United States, minimal regulation on house
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concepts of history through story telling) are used to legitimize the present.
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for instance was a legal contract based on the medieval system of land tenure.
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The legal concept of land tenure in the Middle Ages has become known as the
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Legal regime in which area owned by an individual is held by another person
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In archaeology, traditions of land tenure can be studied according to
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Field, E. (2005). "Property rights and investment in urban slums".
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land-tenure systems have led to issues in post-colonial societies.
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Map of countries where foreign land ownership is banned as of 2023
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The concept of tenure has since evolved into other forms, such as
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In archaeology, land tenure traditions can be studied across the
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HUD.gov / U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
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HUD.gov / U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
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HUD.gov / U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
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Foreigners are not allowed to own freehold land in Indonesia.
3640: 3236: 2492: 2341:"Georgia's ban on foreign landowners leaves farmers in limbo" 1476: – Legal principle regarding unclaimed natural resources 1408: – land acquired from customary landowners by government 1339: 902: 640: 304: 2468:"HUD Releases 2020 Annual Homeless Assessment Report Part 1" 4109: 3885: 2854: 1890:
International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
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that incentivize treating housing as an investment. Due to
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Ownership of land by swearing to make productive use of it
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The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
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is the most complete ownership interest one can have in
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limits the extent to which one may disinherit an heir.
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Fiefs and Vassals: The Medieval Evidence Reinterpreted
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have become more frequent, affecting property values.
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down to lesser nobility whose only vassals were their
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The doctrine of tenure did not apply to personalty (
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Parallel registration of Flexible Land Tenure Rights
1503: – British social class of wealthy land owners 60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2156:"Want to Invest in Laos? Here's Why You Shouldn't" 1850:AN INTRODUCTION TO THE PROPERTY LAW OF AFGHANISTAN 1310:At the same time, severe weather events caused by 2793:"Sustainable Development Goal 5: Gender equality" 2712: 2600:National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty 1980:"Can Foreigners Own Land in Cambodia? Here's How" 1950:Stuart Leavenworth and Kiki Zhao (May 31, 2016). 901:Under both common law and civil law, land may be 4222: 2244:"Sri Lanka enacts ban on foreigners buying land" 1720: 754:is a system of mutual obligations under which a 650: 529:of the land but this person does not have legal 1515: – Income-generating land owned by gentry 1509: – Nobility privileged with landownership 3901: 2870: 2110:"How can a foreigner buy property in Belarus" 2008:"Can foreigners own land in the Philippines?" 1877: 1482: – Use of land as capital for production 1258: 487: 2757:Journal of the European Economic Association 2026:"Real estate regulations in the Philippines" 667:Most of the indigenous nations or tribes of 578:system that has been widely used throughout 515: 2543:"The Real Problem With Corporate Landlords" 1595: – Unauthorized occupation of property 1194:Land and Conveyancing Law Reform Bill, 2006 620:The fees were often lands, land revenue or 3908: 3894: 2877: 2863: 662: 494: 480: 2768: 1698:"fief | Definition, Size, & Examples" 1551: – Type of lord in the feudal system 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 2823:An Introduction to English Legal History 2068:"Can foreigner buy property in Vietnam?" 1943: 1794:"National Geographic Magazine – NGM.com" 1749: 1262: 1019: 131: 1470: – Law of real property in England 14: 4223: 1924:. Pakistan. 6 July 2023 . p. 12. 1758:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 1607: – Bundle of rights to a property 159:Harold Sacramentum Fecit Willelmo Duci 3889: 2858: 2754: 1459:Flexible Land Tenure System (Namibia) 1325:, and weak tenure and legal systems. 746: 655:There is a great variety of modes of 1915:"Afghanistan's Constitution of 2004" 1423: – Loss of a feudal land tenure 1348:Introduction to the Laws of Property 1203: 58:adding citations to reliable sources 29: 1000:, for example land tenure based on 679:. This theory formed the basis for 24: 2812: 2540: 2114:Legal Office "Leshchynski Smolski" 1752:(Knowledge article Susan Reynolds) 624:real property, typically known as 25: 4252: 2836: 2825:(3rd edition) 1990 Butterworths. 1931:from the original on 4 April 2023 1533: – Conservation organization 1381:Food and Agriculture Organization 1254:Property law in the United States 1198: 983: 695: 4204: 4203: 3857: 3856: 2842: 2590: 1377:Committee on World Food Security 1357:). However, the relationship of 1281:California Proposition 13 (1978) 1247: 932: 681:treaties with indigenous peoples 559: 520:" means "to hold", is the legal 150: 34: 3968:Integrated landscape management 2785: 2748: 2705: 2680: 2656: 2631: 2606: 2584: 2559: 2534: 2510: 2485: 2460: 2443: 2425: 2411: 2405:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 2393: 2379: 2365: 2351: 2333: 2309: 2285: 2261: 2236: 2222: 2204: 2190: 2176: 2162: 2148: 2134: 2120: 2102: 2088: 2074: 2060: 2046: 2032: 2018: 2000: 1986: 1972: 1907: 1871: 1840: 1613: – Acquisition of property 1587:Rights and Resources Initiative 1582: – English statute of 1290 1427:Concentration of land ownership 1267:Land Hold Title Rights Blockerf 821: 45:needs additional citations for 3422:Right of way (property access) 1815: 1786: 1762: 1743: 1732:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc 1714: 1690: 1672: 1648: 1624: 1393:Sustainable Development Goal 5 1084: 1039: 920: 846: 415:Peerages in the United Kingdom 13: 1: 4179:Drainage system (agriculture) 2184:"Buying property in Mongolia" 1618: 1167: 1015: 993:case of literate societies). 839:and repudiated the notion of 781: 651:Modes of ownership and tenure 570:Feudal land tenure in England 340:Feudal land tenure in England 3915: 2884: 2497:World Inequality Report 2022 2096:"Buying property in Myanmar" 1149: 1092: 896: 7: 3956:Sustainable land management 3728:Two Treatises of Government 2779:10.1162/jeea.2005.3.2-3.279 1572: – Form of land tenure 1468:History of English land law 1398: 1225: 1220:History of English land law 1141: 1133: 1075: 1067: 944: 866: 835:overturned the decision in 10: 4257: 2593:"Housing as a Human Right" 1798:ngm.nationalgeographic.com 1259:Importance of tenure today 1251: 1188: 1158: 1117: 1100: 1051: 1032: 563: 4199: 4102: 4059: 4051:Locally unwanted land use 3923: 3852: 3649: 3451: 3331: 3224: 3217: 3066: 3023: 2968: 2892: 1922:www.constituteproject.org 1179: 1047: 1028: 657:land ownership and tenure 3780:The Great Transformation 3138:Labor theory of property 2321:The New Sri Lankan House 1109: 1058: 1054:Land ownership in Canada 963: 514:, from the French verb " 4184:Sustainable agriculture 4077:Real estate development 3349:Forest-dwelling (India) 3311:restraint on alienation 3091:Common good (economics) 1730:Encyclopedia Britannica 1702:Encyclopedia Britannica 1279:allow for laws such as 1125: 663:Traditional land tenure 4039:Developed environments 4022:Environmental planning 3936:Development/Conversion 3788:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon 3562:Primitive accumulation 3417:Right of way (transit) 3202:Tragedy of the commons 3084:fictitious commodities 2715:Droit foncier colonial 2522:The Real Deal New York 2170:"Land Law of Mongolia" 1632:"What is Land Tenure?" 1268: 1210:Land tenure in England 1025: 861:secure a mortgage loan 804:secure a mortgage loan 798:, other than the rare 516: 137: 4084:Land development bank 3841:The Wealth of Nations 3821:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 3813:The Ethics of Liberty 2273:www.tamilguardian.com 1858:Palo Alto, California 1266: 1174:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 1035:Land tenure in Angola 1023: 743:) by the government. 703:is a system in which 552:is the holder of the 355:English feudal barony 135: 4189:Land change modeling 4017:Rangeland management 3997:Illegal construction 3704:Progress and Poverty 3038:Common-pool resource 2851:at Wikimedia Commons 2070:. 12 September 2019. 1996:. 16 September 2020. 1804:on February 25, 2009 1722:Elizabeth A.R. Brown 1433:Development easement 1303:behavior allows for 762:personage granted a 250:Feudal fragmentation 54:improve this article 4007:Land rehabilitation 3990:Habitat destruction 3827:The Social Contract 3515:population transfer 3432:prior-appropriation 3111:homestead principle 2692:The Aspen Institute 2645:. 20 September 2017 2573:. 20 September 2017 2541:Ferrer, Alexander. 2439:. 25 February 2021. 2056:. 23 November 2023. 1862:Stanford Law School 1486:Land administration 1474:Homestead principle 1172:In 2021, President 185:Ecclesiastical fief 4125:Soil contamination 4072:Subdivision (land) 4032:Watertable control 3807:Murray N. Rothbard 3118:Free-rider problem 2389:. 7 December 2018. 2200:. 10 October 2015. 2144:. 15 October 2020. 2084:. 30 January 2019. 2042:. 19 October 2018. 1956:The New York Times 1269: 1026: 871:Under common law, 752:Feudal land tenure 747:Feudal land tenure 405:Customary freehold 245:Feudal maintenance 138: 4236:Real property law 4218: 4217: 4012:Landscape ecology 3883: 3882: 3794:What Is Property? 3587:human trafficking 3572:Regulatory taking 3447: 3446: 3192:Right to property 2847:Media related to 2158:. 10 August 2017. 1555:Open field system 1355:personal property 1334:The concepts of " 1204:England and Wales 972:, or shares in a 816:concurrent estate 622:revenue-producing 504: 503: 280:Lord of the manor 255:Bastard feudalism 144:English feudalism 130: 129: 122: 104: 16:(Redirected from 4248: 4207: 4206: 4089:Land (economics) 4002:Land reclamation 3980:Land consumption 3910: 3903: 3896: 3887: 3886: 3860: 3859: 3764:John Stuart Mill 3684:Friedrich Engels 3665:Frédéric Bastiat 3658: 3510:Forced migration 3478:Collectivization 3222: 3221: 3101:First possession 3074:Bundle of rights 2879: 2872: 2865: 2856: 2855: 2846: 2807: 2806: 2804: 2803: 2789: 2783: 2782: 2772: 2763:(2–3): 279–290. 2752: 2746: 2745: 2739: 2737: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2700: 2699: 2684: 2678: 2677: 2675: 2674: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2650: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2626: 2625: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2597: 2588: 2582: 2581: 2579: 2578: 2563: 2557: 2556: 2554: 2553: 2538: 2532: 2531: 2529: 2528: 2514: 2508: 2507: 2505: 2504: 2489: 2483: 2482: 2480: 2479: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2447: 2441: 2440: 2429: 2423: 2422: 2415: 2409: 2408: 2397: 2391: 2390: 2383: 2377: 2376: 2369: 2363: 2362: 2355: 2349: 2348: 2347:. 17 April 2019. 2337: 2331: 2330: 2328: 2327: 2313: 2307: 2306: 2304: 2303: 2289: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2279: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2256: 2255: 2240: 2234: 2233: 2226: 2220: 2219: 2218:. 18 April 2019. 2208: 2202: 2201: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2180: 2174: 2173: 2166: 2160: 2159: 2152: 2146: 2145: 2138: 2132: 2131: 2124: 2118: 2117: 2106: 2100: 2099: 2098:. 21 March 2017. 2092: 2086: 2085: 2078: 2072: 2071: 2064: 2058: 2057: 2050: 2044: 2043: 2036: 2030: 2029: 2022: 2016: 2015: 2004: 1998: 1997: 1990: 1984: 1983: 1976: 1970: 1969: 1964: 1962: 1947: 1941: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1930: 1919: 1911: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1897: 1892:. p. 2. 112 1887: 1875: 1869: 1868: 1855: 1844: 1838: 1837: 1835: 1834: 1825:. Archived from 1819: 1813: 1812: 1810: 1809: 1800:. Archived from 1790: 1784: 1783: 1781: 1780: 1766: 1760: 1759: 1750:Reynolds, Susan 1747: 1741: 1740: 1738: 1737: 1718: 1712: 1711: 1709: 1708: 1694: 1688: 1687: 1676: 1670: 1669: 1667: 1666: 1652: 1646: 1645: 1643: 1642: 1628: 1605:Title (property) 1575: 1564:Possession (law) 1560: 1491: 1480:Land (economics) 1464: 1455: 1411: 1293:informal housing 1285:inelastic demand 1215:English land law 1106:up to 50 years. 978:communist states 925:Rights to use a 677:aboriginal title 592:tenants-in-chief 519: 496: 489: 482: 435:Avera and inward 169: 154: 140: 139: 125: 118: 114: 111: 105: 103: 62: 38: 30: 21: 4256: 4255: 4251: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4246: 4245: 4221: 4220: 4219: 4214: 4195: 4120:Soil compaction 4098: 4055: 3951:Land management 3919: 3914: 3884: 3879: 3848: 3652: 3651: 3645: 3595:husband-selling 3532:Illegal logging 3527:Illegal fishing 3456: 3443: 3354:Freedom to roam 3327: 3240:(agrarian land) 3213: 3170:Property rights 3062: 3019: 2981:Estate (landed) 2964: 2888: 2883: 2839: 2815: 2813:Further reading 2810: 2801: 2799: 2791: 2790: 2786: 2770:10.1.1.576.1330 2753: 2749: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2710: 2706: 2697: 2695: 2686: 2685: 2681: 2672: 2670: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2648: 2646: 2639:"Tenant Rights" 2637: 2636: 2632: 2623: 2621: 2618:Housing Matters 2612: 2611: 2607: 2595: 2589: 2585: 2576: 2574: 2567:"Tenant Rights" 2565: 2564: 2560: 2551: 2549: 2539: 2535: 2526: 2524: 2516: 2515: 2511: 2502: 2500: 2491: 2490: 2486: 2477: 2475: 2466: 2465: 2461: 2453: 2449: 2448: 2444: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2417: 2416: 2412: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2385: 2384: 2380: 2371: 2370: 2366: 2357: 2356: 2352: 2339: 2338: 2334: 2325: 2323: 2315: 2314: 2310: 2301: 2299: 2291: 2290: 2286: 2277: 2275: 2267: 2266: 2262: 2253: 2251: 2242: 2241: 2237: 2228: 2227: 2223: 2210: 2209: 2205: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2182: 2181: 2177: 2168: 2167: 2163: 2154: 2153: 2149: 2140: 2139: 2135: 2126: 2125: 2121: 2108: 2107: 2103: 2094: 2093: 2089: 2080: 2079: 2075: 2066: 2065: 2061: 2052: 2051: 2047: 2038: 2037: 2033: 2028:. 7 April 2016. 2024: 2023: 2019: 2012:Manila Standard 2006: 2005: 2001: 1992: 1991: 1987: 1982:. October 2020. 1978: 1977: 1973: 1960: 1958: 1948: 1944: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1917: 1913: 1912: 1908: 1895: 1893: 1885: 1876: 1872: 1853: 1845: 1841: 1832: 1830: 1821: 1820: 1816: 1807: 1805: 1792: 1791: 1787: 1778: 1776: 1768: 1767: 1763: 1748: 1744: 1735: 1733: 1719: 1715: 1706: 1704: 1696: 1695: 1691: 1684:Merriam Webster 1678: 1677: 1673: 1664: 1662: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1640: 1638: 1630: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1573: 1558: 1513:Landed property 1507:Landed nobility 1489: 1462: 1453: 1409: 1401: 1361:in the case of 1261: 1256: 1250: 1228: 1206: 1201: 1191: 1182: 1170: 1161: 1152: 1144: 1136: 1128: 1120: 1112: 1103: 1095: 1087: 1078: 1070: 1061: 1056: 1050: 1042: 1037: 1031: 1018: 986: 966: 947: 935: 923: 899: 869: 849: 824: 784: 749: 698: 689: 665: 653: 572: 564:Main articles: 562: 500: 464: 419: 334: 264: 171: 170: 166:Bayeux Tapestry 163: 162: 126: 115: 109: 106: 63: 61: 51: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4254: 4244: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4216: 4215: 4213: 4212: 4200: 4197: 4196: 4194: 4193: 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3973: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3964: 3961: 3957: 3954: 3953: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3911: 3906: 3904: 3899: 3897: 3892: 3891: 3888: 3874: 3871: 3870: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861:Categories: 3855: 3854: 3851: 3843: 3842: 3838: 3837: 3836: 3833: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3823: 3822: 3819: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3809: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3802:David Ricardo 3800: 3796: 3795: 3791: 3790: 3789: 3786: 3782: 3781: 3777: 3776: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3769:Elinor Ostrom 3767: 3765: 3762: 3758: 3757: 3753: 3752: 3751: 3748: 3744: 3743: 3739: 3738: 3737: 3734: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3724: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3705: 3701: 3700: 3699: 3696: 3692: 3691: 3687: 3686: 3685: 3682: 3680: 3677: 3673: 3672: 3668: 3667: 3666: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3656: 3648: 3642: 3639: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3616: 3615: 3612: 3608: 3605: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3579: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3567:Privatization 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3547:Legal plunder 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3512: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3505: 3501: 3499: 3498:Expropriation 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3467: 3464: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3454: 3450: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3429: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3411: 3410: 3406: 3405: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3378: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3365: 3362: 3361: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3334: 3330: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3298: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3285: 3282: 3281: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3247: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3235: 3233: 3232:(watercourse) 3231: 3227: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3216: 3208: 3205: 3204: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3175:primogeniture 3173: 3172: 3171: 3168: 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English feudalism

Harold Sacramentum Fecit Willelmo Duci
Bayeux Tapestry
Fief
Ecclesiastical fief
Crown land
Allodial title
Appanage
Vassal
Feoffment
Seignory
Subinfeudation
Feoffee
Fealty
Homage
Affinity

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