1042:, it was decided by the Kingdom's Supreme Court that under the above-mentioned instrument executed by Kamehameha III, reserving the Crown Lands, and under the confirmatory Act of 7 June 1848, "the inheritance is limited to the successors to the throne", "the wearers of the crown which the conqueror had won," and that at the same time "each successive possessor may regulate and dispose of the same according to his will and pleasure as private property, in like manner as was done by Kamehameha III." Afterwards an Act was passed 3 January 1865, "relieve the Royal Domain from encumbrances and to render the same inalienable." This Act provided for the redemption of the mortgages on the estate, and enacted that the remaining lands are to be "henceforth inalienable and shall descend to the heirs and successors of the Hawaiian Crown forever," and that "it shall not be lawful hereafter to lease said lands for any terms of years to exceed thirty." The Board of Commissioners of Crown Lands shall consist of three persons to be appointed by His Majesty the King, two of whom shall be appointed from among the members of His Cabinet Council, and serve without remuneration, and the other shall act as Land Agent, and shall be paid out of the revenues of the said lands, such sum as may be agreed to by the King."
916:, approximately 1.53 million hectares (3.8 million acres or about 29% of the province) is designated as Crown land. Crown land is owned by the province and managed by the Department of Natural Resources on behalf of the citizens of Nova Scotia. It is a collective asset which belongs to all Nova Scotians. Many acres of Crown land are licensed for a variety of economic purposes to help build and maintain the prosperity of the province. These purposes range from licenses and leases for cranberry bogs, forestry operations, peat bogs, power lines, wind energy, to broadband towers, and tidal energy. In addition, most of the submerged lands (the sea bed) along the province's 9,000 kilometres (5,600 mi) of coastline are also considered Crown land. Exceptions would include federally and privately owned waterlots. The province owns other land across Nova Scotia, including wilderness areas, protected areas, highways, roads, and provincial buildings. These parcels and structures are managed and administered by other departments and are not considered Crown land.
40:
1477:
1491:
3303:
458:, where over half of all land is Crown land, passed a controversial reform in 2005 requiring Crown lands to be rated at market value. Crown lands include land set aside for various government or public purposes, development, town planning, as well as vacant land. Crown lands comprise around 23% of Australian land, of which the largest single category is vacant land, comprising 12.5% of the land.
451:). Most Crown lands in Australia are held by the Crown in the right of a State. The only land held by the Commonwealth consists of land in the Northern Territory (surrendered by South Australia), the Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory, and small areas acquired for airports, defence and other government purposes.
1077:
to the lands have been resolved. The Court first held that it had jurisdiction to review the Hawaii
Supreme Court's opinion because it rested on the Apology Resolution. It then found the Hawaii Supreme Court's interpretation of the Apology Resolution to be erroneous, and held that federal law does
1383:
have possessed vast lands, palaces, castles and other buildings, however, at present all those properties are owned by the State. The Crown lands are administered by an independent institution called
Patrimonio Nacional, which is responsible for the maintenance of these properties that are always
952:
88% of the land on Prince Edward Island (PEI) is privately held, leaving 12% of the land as public, or Crown, land. It is the province with the smallest percentage of Crown land, and it is managed by the
Ministry of Environment, Energy, and Climate Action. Usage of these lands is for non-economic
859:
is provincial Crown land, 2% of which is covered by fresh water. Federal Crown land makes up a further 1% of the province, including Indian reserves, defence lands and federal harbours, while 5% is privately owned. The
Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations issues Crown land
961:
More than 92% of Quebec's territory is Crown land. This heritage and the natural resources that it contains are developed to contribute to the socioeconomic development of all regions of Quebec. Public land is used for a variety of purposes: forestry, mineral, energy, and wildlife resources;
999:
In the 10th and 11th centuries, the first
Capetians—while being rulers of France—were among the least powerful of the great feudal lords of France in terms of territory possessed. Patiently, through the use of feudal law (and, in particular, the confiscation of fiefs from rebellious
1008:(a concession of a fief by the sovereign to his younger sons and their sons after them, although they could be reincorporated if the last lord had no male heirs) alienated large territories from the royal domain and created dangerous rival territories (especially the
1312:(against the interests of his own family), put as one of its goals the "execution of lands", i.e. return of all crown lands, which were often illegally held by next generations of Starostine families. In 1562–1563 they forced most of the crown land in the
1410:
surrendered control over the Estate's revenues to the treasury, in order to relieve him from paying for the costs of the civil service, defence costs, the national debt, and his own personal debts, and, in return, to receive an annual grant known as the
962:
developing natural spaces, including parks for recreation and conservation, ecological preserves, and wildlife refuges and habitats; developing infrastructure for industrial and public utilities purposes as well as for leisure and vacation purposes.
2793:
1004:), skillful marriages with female inheritors of large fiefs, and even by purchase, the kings of France were able to increase the royal domain, which, by the 16th century, began to coincide with the entire kingdom. However, the medieval system of
749:. About 89% of Canada's land area (8,886,356 km or 3,431,041 sq mi) is Crown land: 41% is federal crown land and 48% is provincial crown land. The remaining 11% is privately owned. Most federal Crown land is in the territories (
692:. The Government did not allow private ownership of Barbados' 97 kilometres (60 mi) of coastal beaches in the country, and all areas below the high-tide watermark in the country were considered specifically as "Crown land".
438:
In
Australia, public lands without a specific tenure (e.g. National Park or State Forest) are referred to as Crown land or State Land, which is described as being held in the "right of the Crown" of either an individual
1053:
joined the United States in 1898, the territorial government took ownership. In 1910, Liliuokalani, the former Queen, unsuccessfully attempted to sue the United States for the loss of the
Hawaiian Crown Lands.
936:, and cottages, while other areas are set aside for research, environmental protection, public recreation, and resource management. Approximately 95% of the province's forests sit within provincial Crown land.
944:
87% of the province is Crown land, of which 95% is in northern
Ontario. It is managed by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry and is used for economic development, tourism and recreation.
689:
1632:
688:
or due to criminal activity), or toward lands with backed taxes. The term Crown lands had been used in relation to government owned farms, beaches, and other land areas also maintained by the
932:
alone has the ability to augment or disperse Crown land and to determine the price of any Crown land being bought or leased. Crown land is used for varying purposes, including agriculture,
811:, largely but not exclusively provincial, rented for logging and mineral exploration rights; revenues flow to the relevant government and may constitute a major income stream, such as in
1165:. Once given a crown land, one had the right to keep it "for life". Families of Starostas often wanted to unlawfully keep the royal properties, and that led to common abuses of law.
1078:
not bar the State from selling land held in public trust. Accordingly, it remanded the case to the Hawaii
Supreme Court to determine if Hawaiian law alone supports the same outcome.
461:
Crown land is used for such things as airports, military grounds (Commonwealth), public utilities (usually State), or is sometimes unallocated and reserved for future development.
2188:
2199:
3134:
1859:
1049:
before 17 January 1893. On this date, the monarchy was overthrown. The crown lands were taken in charge by the provisional and republican governments. When the
2033:
1200:
1365:
In the Great Duchy of
Lithuania political nation did not follow experience of neighbouring Poland. Lithuanian magnates retained such lands in their hands.
1733:
1335:
controlled most of the crown lands. People without a formal title of nobility inherited or granted were not allowed to be infeudated with regalities.
835:
as Represented by " and remains under the administration of the mentioned minister until the land is sold or transferred via legislation, such as an
1911:
1645:
1938:
1238:
2137:
1038:. Kamehameha III and his successors made these lands their private property, selling, leasing or mortgaging at their enjoyment. At the death of
1573:
2711:
796:
587:
1461:. It was officially established on 15 April 1950 and dissolved on 11 March 1955. In the areas of the Domain of the Crown, Chief of State
2971:
2284:
381:
3355:
1161:. Those nobles who had received the privilege of administering the crown lands (and thus keeping most of its profits) had the title of
533:
1701:
2321:
2112:
2004:
1195:
Formally "royal lands" formed about 15–20% of Poland (later, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth), and were divided into two parts:
1621:
1510:
1153:: the lands were the property of the monarch or dynasty. Beginning in 15th century the properties were often leased, gifted or
799:, these lands cannot be unilaterally sold by the monarch, instead passing on to the next king or queen unless the sovereign is
762:
737:. Though the monarch owns all Crown land in the country, it is divided in parallel with the "division" of the Crown among the
1149:
under the rules of Piast then Jagiellonian dynasties the institution of crown lands was similar to those in Great Britain or
2210:
The House of Commons Treasury Committee (2010). The management of the Crown Estate (PDF). London: House of Commons. pp. 5–8.
3360:
2922:
1062:
3350:
2902:
2545:
1034:
which he set aside for the dignity of the royal office for the ruler of the Hawaiian monarchy on 8 March 1848 during the
738:
599:
579:
429:
1885:
1697:
1173:
1058:
1027:
742:
1863:
3006:
2269:
1146:
893:
778:
2040:
1402:
were administered as possessions of the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country. By the
1205:
3317:
2876:
2440:
1742:
1671:
1542:
1407:
996:
and for much of the Middle Ages significant portions of the kingdom were direct possessions of other feudal lords.
720:
1324:) and subsequently elected Kings were gradually weakened because szlachta achieved more and more privileges – the
3224:
2604:
2294:
2279:
1073:
of 1993 bars the State of Hawaii from selling to third parties any land held in public trust until the claims of
993:
374:
39:
2211:
2866:
1127:
1115:
302:
892:
Currently, 48% of New Brunswick's territory is Crown land, used for such things as for conservation projects,
454:
Each jurisdiction has its own policies towards the sale and use of Crown lands within the State. For example,
2897:
2314:
545:
227:
46:
2034:"Government of Manitoba: Some Questions and Answers Regarding Manitoba's Crown Land Policies for Wind Farms"
1218:), which were provided money for king's personal treasure and expenses, among them the support of the army (
3345:
1256:
Monarch's economies in, as it was called, "Republic" of Lithuania (Grand Duchy of Lithuania) were: biggest
861:
2145:
904:, the provincial Crown grants or denies long-term use of Crown lands by aboriginals, as per the treaties.
3172:
2614:
2487:
1917:
1649:
1313:
1250:
637:
591:
3365:
2651:
2629:
613:
367:
711:
instead. Effectively in practice, however, functions of state lands remained the same as crown lands.
2745:
1339:
1292:
1177:
881:
777:. In contrast, provinces hold much of their territory as provincial Crown land, which may be held as
696:
556:
444:
433:
1832:
1610:
1350:
of 1788–1792 decided to put them on sale, to raise funds for reforms and modernisation of the army.
1296:
2582:
2307:
766:
728:
684:(a.k.a. the Government). This could also pertain to land seized by the government, (either through
595:
1886:"Sask. Indigenous critic says newly published maps show 10% of Crown lands remain | Globalnews.ca"
1577:
1316:
to be returned to the monarch, however later the whole cycle repeated. In the following centuries
2788:
2755:
2535:
1111:
1066:
897:
800:
724:
525:
1806:. Background (CRG-3 ed.). Edmonton: Alberta Queen's Printer (published 12 November 2004): 1
612:
with the remaining Austrian crown lands (officially: "The Kingdoms and Lands represented in the
3232:
3115:
2861:
2830:
2646:
2550:
2528:
2274:
1770:
1532:
1046:
681:
653:
1030:, the Hawaiian monarchs had access to 1.8 million acres (7,300 km), the private lands of
3312:
3285:
3265:
3257:
3109:
2881:
2435:
1819:
1800:
1547:
1091:
971:
804:
750:
704:
242:
2005:"Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives: Agricultural Crown Lands Leasing Program"
1598:
807:. Crown land provides the country and the provinces with the majority of their profits from
3148:
2482:
2344:
1705:
1354:
774:
700:
481:
181:
137:
31:
8:
3340:
3271:
2959:
2954:
2641:
2555:
2497:
2430:
2253:
2249:
2231:
2008:
1430:
1425:
1403:
1374:
832:
440:
127:
72:
912:
As of October 2013, of the 5.3 million hectares (13 million acres) of land in
3238:
2562:
2359:
1450:
1168:
After the end of Kingdom in Poland the era of new political system called "Republic of
1070:
1050:
989:
901:
746:
734:
657:
649:
583:
541:
413:
292:
132:
20:
1857:
1462:
3307:
3031:
3016:
2636:
2502:
2452:
2447:
1981:
1932:
1233:
Among the largest Crown lands in the 16th and 17th centuries were the territories of
1087:
1009:
680:, the term crown land extended to all land that is under the control or ownership of
645:
517:
501:
472:. In Queensland, Unallocated State Land (USL) is managed under The Land Act 1994. In
167:
142:
19:
This article is about the territorial area belonging to a monarch. For the band, see
3208:
3200:
3128:
2825:
2765:
2518:
2404:
2394:
2379:
2349:
2167:
1458:
1457:
did not make up the majority. Later it became a type of administrative unit of the
1317:
1302:
1219:
1074:
929:
856:
836:
815:. Crown land may also be rented by individuals wishing to build homes or cottages.
808:
792:
765:. Only 4% of land in the provinces is federally controlled, largely in the form of
447:; there is not a single "Crown" (as a legal governmental entity) in Australia (see
322:
1465:
was still officially (and legally) titled as the "Emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty".
3251:
3073:
3063:
3039:
2976:
2842:
2798:
2699:
2399:
2384:
1527:
1516:
1482:
1442:
1185:
1150:
1103:
985:
953:
purposes such as hunting, fishing, trapping, foraging, hiking and bird watching.
552:
529:
521:
505:
473:
455:
252:
122:
53:
1225:
the rest, which the king was obliged to lease to the outstanding members of the
3156:
2927:
2910:
2847:
2820:
2803:
2492:
2425:
2389:
2369:
1380:
1325:
1189:
1107:
1031:
770:
685:
641:
604:
513:
282:
257:
172:
107:
82:
1242:
3334:
3246:
3213:
3011:
2991:
2942:
2619:
2599:
2540:
2457:
2354:
1552:
1039:
788:
665:
661:
500:
From the late 18th century onwards, the territories acquired by the Austrian
409:
312:
297:
1696:
1357:
in 1795 the "royal lands" were directly annexed by the partitioning powers.
733:
Within Canada, Crown land is a designated territorial area belonging to the
561:
3218:
3194:
3161:
3142:
3123:
3078:
3051:
3044:
3026:
2964:
2740:
2694:
2689:
2592:
2577:
2420:
2065:
1796:
1453:'s geopolitical concept for its protectorates and principalities where the
1399:
1393:
1309:
1035:
741:, so that some lands within the provinces are administered by the relevant
618:
342:
247:
1476:
3186:
2986:
2871:
2760:
2735:
2723:
2704:
2587:
2567:
2477:
2374:
2087:
1454:
1021:
913:
631:
417:
237:
217:
177:
157:
1860:"Crown Land, Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations"
1295:), royal lands were under notorious, often illegal, control of powerful
1257:
559:, the Austrian crown lands received a certain autonomy. The traditional
3279:
3166:
2783:
1505:
1496:
1412:
1347:
609:
337:
3180:
2981:
2932:
2915:
2853:
2835:
2609:
2523:
1275:
were better in the Crown lands than on the hereditary estates of the
1246:
933:
448:
402:
357:
287:
272:
97:
1490:
3068:
3001:
2937:
2750:
2728:
2624:
2572:
2330:
2289:
1957:
1537:
1521:
1343:
1332:
1306:
1276:
1226:
1169:
1162:
1158:
1005:
785:
677:
572:
465:
412:
and passes with the monarchy, being inseparable from it. Today, in
406:
277:
262:
197:
102:
87:
571:
legislatures, partly elected according to the principle of census
401:, is a territorial area belonging to the monarch, who personifies
3021:
2815:
2808:
2673:
2469:
1633:
Barbados Government: Crown Lands (Vesting and Disposal) – CAP.225
1280:
1272:
1265:
1234:
824:
812:
754:
567:
347:
332:
267:
212:
207:
187:
112:
520:, they played a vital role as constituent lands of the Habsburg
2996:
2948:
2717:
1622:
Crown Land; Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning
1342:
crown lands were reformed in 1775, lessening the abuses of the
1261:
1001:
896:, and recreation activities. However, through treaties between
327:
147:
117:
92:
3085:
2681:
758:
532:
established in 1804. During the restoration period after the
192:
1858:
Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations.
1387:
2299:
1154:
981:
202:
67:
831:, is territory registered in the name of "His Majesty the
3058:
992:, the royal domain did not encompass the entirety of the
3135:
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
2230:. Gretna, LA: Đường Việt Hải ngoại, 2003. Page: 99. (in
1648:. The Barbados Advocate. 9 November 2008. Archived from
872:
Approximately 65% of Saskatchewan's land is Crown land.
707:
as head of state. This caused all crown lands to become
1291:
Mostly due to lack of constant dynasty in Poland (see:
622:
until the disintegration of the dual monarchy in 1918.
1952:
1950:
1948:
1524:("the right of use over the real property of another")
1305:(execution movement) of the late 16th century, led by
1731:
1110:" of Polish and Polish–Lithuanian Kings. For unit of
1472:
1176:. As a result of reform and the introduction of the
1172:(nobility)" started in late 16th century already in
1945:
1090:became "government leases" on 1 July 1997 upon the
2220:
2218:
1299:, sometimes even semi-independent from the state.
1114:inter alia in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, see
3332:
2244:
2225:
1698:Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada
1599:Crown land rent changes spark concerns for clubs
976:The crown lands, crown estate, or royal domain (
420:and is apart from the monarch's private estate.
2215:
1398:Historically, the properties now known as the
860:tenures and sells Crown land on behalf of the
2315:
1741:, Queen's Printer for Alberta, archived from
1672:"Road to Republic frequently asked questions"
375:
2189:Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance
1937:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1845:
1795:
1704:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
875:
791:that passes with the monarchy and cannot be
2270:Polish PWN encyclopedia on 'Królewszczyzna'
2237:
2168:"Hawaiian Kingdom – History of Land titles"
1727:
1725:
1723:
1260:economy, Alytus economy, also economies in
2322:
2308:
1286:
1118:. (not to be mistaken with "Crown lands").
382:
368:
1768:
1388:United Kingdom and its predecessor states
1384:available to the King or Queen of Spain.
1360:
536:, the Austrian crown lands were ruled by
1979:
1909:
1764:
1762:
1732:Government of Alberta (September 1997),
1720:
2285:Archives of Ontario: Crown Land Records
2028:
2026:
1962:, Province of Nova Scotia, October 2013
1801:"Alberta Land Titles Procedures Manual"
1097:
947:
3333:
2275:The Canadian Encyclopedia – Crown land
1511:Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000
1069:'s holding that the federally enacted
763:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
695:After November 30, 2021, Barbados had
565:(estates) assemblies were elevated to
540:governors directly subordinate to the
47:Harold Sacramentum Fecit Willelmo Duci
2303:
2252:: Văn Mới, 2006. Pages: 401-449. (in
1759:
676:When it was a commonwealth realm, in
2023:
1916:, Falls Brook Centre, archived from
1775:The Canadian Encyclopedia: Geography
1063:Hawaii v. Office of Hawaiian Affairs
980:) of France refers to the lands and
739:federal and provincial jurisdictions
2200:Conveyancing and Property Ordinance
1611:Land Tenure at Geoscience Australia
1574:"NSW Land and Property Information"
850:
784:Crown land is the equivalent of an
636:The medieval European state of the
600:Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
580:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
524:and were ultimately reorganised as
430:Aboriginal land rights in Australia
13:
1307:Lord Grand Chancellor of the Crown
1121:
1028:overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy
994:territory of the kingdom of France
862:Crown in Right of British Columbia
468:, Crown land is managed under the
14:
3377:
3356:Economic history of North America
2263:
1910:Mitchell, Simon, J. (June 2003),
1092:change of status of the territory
1086:All "Crown leases" in the former
1012:in the 14th and 15th centuries).
3302:
3301:
1777:. Historica Foundation of Canada
1543:Prior-appropriation water rights
1489:
1475:
887:
839:. Crown land is governed by the
721:Indigenous land claims in Canada
598:became constituent parts of the
38:
16:Territory belonging to a monarch
2295:Crown Land Reference For Canada
2246:Người Thượng Miền Nam Việt Nam.
2204:
2193:
2182:
2160:
2130:
2105:
2080:
2058:
1997:
1973:
1903:
1878:
1851:
1839:
1789:
867:
745:, whereas others are under the
2867:Right of way (property access)
1986:, Queen's Printer for Manitoba
1690:
1664:
1638:
1626:
1615:
1604:
1592:
1566:
1438:
1174:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1128:Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
1116:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
1061:issued a unanimous opinion in
930:Lieutenant Governor-in-Council
907:
486:Crown Land (Reserves) Act 1978
478:Crown Land Management Act 2009
303:Peerages in the United Kingdom
1:
1559:
847:in 1931 and renamed in 1949.
405:. It is the equivalent of an
228:Feudal land tenure in England
2329:
1848:, Registration Procedure A.1
1601:, ABC News, 10 November 2005
1081:
690:National Housing Corporation
648:, consisted of crown lands:
588:Principality of Transylvania
423:
7:
3361:Economic history of Oceania
3173:Two Treatises of Government
2290:United Kingdom Crown Estate
2007:. Gov.mb.ca. Archived from
1468:
1314:Crown of the Polish Kingdom
1251:Crown of the Polish Kingdom
1102:This section is about the "
919:
843:, originally passed as the
671:
592:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
416:, crown land is considered
10:
3382:
3351:Economic history of Europe
1418:
1391:
1372:
1130:crown lands were known as
1101:
1019:
984:directly possessed by the
969:
939:
884:is provincial Crown land.
827:, Crown land, also called
818:
803:otherwise by the relevant
718:
697:transitioned to a republic
629:
625:
518:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
495:
476:, the relevant Act is the
427:
18:
3297:
3094:
2896:
2776:
2669:
2662:
2511:
2468:
2413:
2337:
2227:Trăm núi ngàn sông: Tập I
2117:www.princeedwardisland.ca
1959:Crown Land in Nova Scotia
1340:First Partition of Poland
1293:Royal elections in Poland
1015:
965:
956:
882:Newfoundland and Labrador
876:Newfoundland and Labrador
797:constitutional convention
761:) and is administered by
714:
504:were called crown lands (
445:Commonwealth of Australia
434:Native title in Australia
3225:The Great Transformation
2583:Labor theory of property
2138:"MERN- Quebec's Borders"
1368:
1271:The legal conditions of
902:Crown in Right of Canada
833:King in right of Alberta
729:Land ownership in Canada
555:, proclaimed by Emperor
526:administrative divisions
2794:Forest-dwelling (India)
2756:restraint on alienation
2536:Common good (economics)
1646:"More homes on the way"
1287:Conditions in the Crown
1112:administrative division
1045:The lands were held by
988:. Before the reign of
725:First Nations in Canada
3233:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
3007:Primitive accumulation
2862:Right of way (transit)
2647:Tragedy of the commons
2529:fictitious commodities
2245:
2226:
1827:Cite journal requires
1533:Indigenous land rights
1447:Domaine de la Couronne
1446:
1434:
1361:Situation in Lithuania
1279:, as there were fewer
1157:to the members of the
805:ministers of the Crown
654:Margraviate of Moravia
544:according to the 1849
512:). Initially ruled in
509:
3286:The Wealth of Nations
3266:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
3258:The Ethics of Liberty
2170:. Hawaiiankingdom.org
1913:Who Owns Crown Lands?
1548:Riparian water rights
1449:) was originally the
1435:Hoàng triều Cương thổ
1180:of Polish kings, the
972:Crown lands of France
894:resource exploitation
775:Canadian Forces bases
751:Northwest Territories
243:English feudal barony
3149:Progress and Poverty
2483:Common-pool resource
2280:Crown Land in Canada
2148:on 22 September 2020
2068:. Manitoba Wildlands
1702:"Federal Crown Land"
1355:partitions of Poland
1353:After the following
1134:which translates to
1098:Poland and Lithuania
1088:British crown colony
1067:Hawaii Supreme Court
948:Prince Edward Island
845:Provincial Lands Act
701:Monarchy of Barbados
470:Crown Lands Act 1976
138:Feudal fragmentation
3346:Commonwealth realms
3272:The Social Contract
2960:population transfer
2877:prior-appropriation
2556:homestead principle
2250:Gardena, California
2142:www.mern.gouv.qc.ca
1652:on 15 February 2012
1426:Domain of the Crown
1404:Civil List Act 1760
1375:Patrimonio Nacional
1201:royal table estates
1057:In March 2009, the
1047:Queen Lili'uokalani
855:94% of the land in
823:In the province of
795:from it; thus, per
534:Revolutions of 1848
528:of the centralised
414:Commonwealth realms
73:Ecclesiastical fief
3252:Murray N. Rothbard
2563:Free-rider problem
2011:on 3 November 2012
1735:About Public Lands
1678:. 26 November 2021
1580:on 7 November 2017
1379:Historically, the
1322:execution movement
1071:Apology Resolution
1059:U.S. Supreme Court
1051:Republic of Hawaii
658:Duchies of Silesia
650:Kingdom of Bohemia
584:Kingdom of Hungary
546:March Constitution
293:Customary freehold
133:Feudal maintenance
21:Crown Lands (band)
3366:Land registration
3328:
3327:
3239:What Is Property?
3032:human trafficking
3017:Regulatory taking
2892:
2891:
2637:Right to property
2224:Anh Thái Phượng.
1846:Elizabeth II 2004
1455:Kinh ethnic group
1147:Kingdom of Poland
1010:Duchy of Burgundy
809:natural resources
646:Holy Roman Empire
502:Habsburg monarchy
392:
391:
168:Lord of the manor
143:Bastard feudalism
32:English feudalism
3373:
3305:
3304:
3209:John Stuart Mill
3129:Friedrich Engels
3110:Frédéric Bastiat
3103:
2955:Forced migration
2923:Collectivization
2667:
2666:
2546:First possession
2519:Bundle of rights
2324:
2317:
2310:
2301:
2300:
2257:
2248:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2222:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2144:. Archived from
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2046:on 19 March 2012
2045:
2039:. Archived from
2038:
2030:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1954:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1862:. Archived from
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1805:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1748:on 25 March 2013
1747:
1740:
1729:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1576:. Archived from
1570:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1459:State of Vietnam
1440:
1326:"Golden" Liberty
1318:Ruch egzekucyjny
1303:Ruch egzekucyjny
1220:wojsko kwarciane
1209:
1108:state properties
1075:Native Hawaiians
1065:, reversing the
857:British Columbia
851:British Columbia
841:Public Lands Act
837:order in council
779:provincial parks
743:provincial Crown
699:, replacing the
638:Crown of Bohemia
614:Imperial Council
397:, also known as
384:
377:
370:
323:Avera and inward
57:
42:
28:
27:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3293:
3097:
3096:
3090:
3040:husband-selling
2977:Illegal logging
2972:Illegal fishing
2901:
2888:
2799:Freedom to roam
2772:
2685:(agrarian land)
2658:
2615:Property rights
2507:
2464:
2426:Estate (landed)
2409:
2333:
2328:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2242:
2238:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2151:
2149:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1989:
1987:
1983:Crown Lands Act
1978:
1974:
1965:
1963:
1956:
1955:
1946:
1930:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1866:on 12 July 2016
1856:
1852:
1844:
1840:
1828:
1826:
1817:
1816:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1769:V.P. NEIMANIS.
1767:
1760:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1738:
1730:
1721:
1711:
1709:
1708:on 13 June 2011
1695:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1620:
1616:
1609:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1583:
1581:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1528:Freedom to roam
1517:Crown copyright
1495:
1488:
1483:Monarchy portal
1481:
1474:
1471:
1421:
1396:
1390:
1377:
1371:
1363:
1331:Eventually the
1289:
1203:
1186:public property
1151:Austria-Hungary
1124:
1122:Legal condition
1119:
1100:
1084:
1024:
1018:
986:kings of France
974:
968:
959:
950:
942:
926:Crown Lands Act
922:
910:
890:
878:
870:
853:
821:
781:or wilderness.
771:Indian reserves
731:
717:
674:
640:, which was an
634:
628:
553:February Patent
530:Austrian Empire
522:nation-building
498:
474:South Australia
456:New South Wales
436:
426:
388:
352:
307:
222:
152:
59:
58:
54:Bayeux Tapestry
51:
50:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3379:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3310:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3249:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3164:
3159:
3157:Garrett Hardin
3154:
3153:
3152:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3106:
3104:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3034:
3029:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2952:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2928:Eminent domain
2925:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2911:Bioprospecting
2907:
2905:
2903:redistribution
2894:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2845:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2818:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2721:
2714:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2687:
2679:
2670:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2612:
2607:
2605:Natural rights
2602:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2521:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2450:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2327:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2265:
2264:External links
2262:
2259:
2258:
2236:
2214:
2203:
2192:
2181:
2159:
2129:
2113:"Public Lands"
2104:
2092:www.ontario.ca
2079:
2057:
2022:
1996:
1980:Elizabeth II,
1972:
1944:
1920:on 27 May 2011
1902:
1877:
1850:
1838:
1829:|journal=
1788:
1758:
1719:
1689:
1676:Barbados Today
1663:
1637:
1625:
1614:
1603:
1591:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1486:
1470:
1467:
1451:Nguyễn dynasty
1420:
1417:
1392:Main article:
1389:
1386:
1381:kings of Spain
1373:Main article:
1370:
1367:
1362:
1359:
1297:local magnates
1288:
1285:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1190:state property
1178:royal election
1132:królewszczyzny
1123:
1120:
1099:
1096:
1083:
1080:
1032:Kamehameha III
1017:
1014:
970:Main article:
967:
964:
958:
955:
949:
946:
941:
938:
921:
918:
909:
906:
889:
886:
877:
874:
869:
866:
852:
849:
820:
817:
767:national parks
735:Canadian Crown
716:
713:
686:eminent domain
673:
670:
630:Main article:
627:
624:
605:Transleithania
557:Franz Joseph I
514:personal union
497:
494:
425:
422:
390:
389:
387:
386:
379:
372:
364:
361:
360:
354:
353:
351:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
319:
316:
315:
309:
308:
306:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
258:Knight-service
255:
250:
245:
240:
234:
231:
230:
224:
223:
221:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
175:
173:Manorial court
170:
164:
161:
160:
154:
153:
151:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
108:Subinfeudation
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
83:Allodial title
80:
75:
70:
64:
61:
60:
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3378:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:Categories:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3247:David Ricardo
3245:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3214:Elinor Ostrom
3212:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3093:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3012:Privatization
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2992:Legal plunder
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2943:Expropriation
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2678:
2677:(watercourse)
2676:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2620:primogeniture
2618:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2600:Legal plunder
2598:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2551:appropriation
2549:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2541:Excludability
2539:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2313:
2311:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:Lê Đình Chi.
2240:
2233:
2228:
2221:
2219:
2212:
2207:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2185:
2169:
2163:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2067:
2061:
2042:
2035:
2029:
2027:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1985:
1984:
1976:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1940:
1934:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1906:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1847:
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2852:
2741:Property law
2716:
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2663:Applications
2593:rent-seeking
2578:Gift economy
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3187:Das Kapital
3074:progressive
3064:inheritance
2987:Land reform
2761:real estate
2736:Land tenure
2724:Inheritance
2652:anticommons
2588:Law of rent
2568:Game theory
2498:Information
2478:Common land
2375:Cooperative
1890:Global News
1781:12 February
1584:16 February
1513:(in the UK)
1243:Niepołomice
1239:Wielkorządy
1204: [
1182:royal lands
1022:Ceded lands
914:Nova Scotia
908:Nova Scotia
829:public land
709:state lands
632:Czech lands
538:Statthalter
418:public land
238:Land tenure
218:Free tenant
178:Manor house
158:Manorialism
3341:Crown land
3335:Categories
3318:by country
3280:Adam Smith
3167:John Locke
2831:indigenous
2826:aboriginal
2746:alienation
2441:indigenous
2431:Intangible
2345:Collective
2254:Vietnamese
2232:Vietnamese
2174:5 December
2072:5 December
2050:5 December
2015:5 December
1966:8 December
1810:1 February
1752:18 October
1656:5 December
1560:References
1506:Air rights
1497:Law portal
1431:Vietnamese
1413:Civil list
1408:George III
1348:Great Sejm
1346:, and the
1338:After the
1140:royal land
1020:See also:
719:See also:
642:electorate
610:real union
586:(with the
578:After the
562:Landstände
510:Kronländer
428:See also:
395:Crown land
338:Feudal aid
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3181:Karl Marx
2982:Land Back
2933:Enclosure
2916:biopiracy
2854:Bergregal
2836:squatting
2610:Ownership
2524:Commodity
2503:Knowledge
2414:By nature
2370:Customary
2360:Community
2122:10 August
2066:"Forests"
1895:2 January
1712:2 October
1082:Hong Kong
793:alienated
705:president
682:The Crown
449:The Crown
424:Australia
403:the Crown
358:Feudalism
288:Gavelkind
273:Serjeanty
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3308:Property
3201:The Gift
3100:key work
3095:Scholars
3079:property
3036:spousal
3002:Poaching
2938:Eviction
2882:riparian
2843:Littoral
2751:easement
2729:executor
2700:literary
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2573:Georgism
2453:Tangible
2448:Personal
2355:Communal
2338:By owner
2331:Property
1933:citation
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1538:Land law
1522:Easement
1469:See also
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1333:nobility
1277:nobility
1273:peasants
1258:Šiauliai
1227:nobility
1216:ekonomie
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1170:szlachta
1163:Starosta
1159:nobility
1136:regality
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920:Manitoba
900:and the
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678:Barbados
672:Barbados
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488:and the
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198:Overlord
128:Affinity
103:Seignory
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3116:The Law
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2809:pannage
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2789:Fishing
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2642:Rivalry
2630:women's
2488:Digital
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