390:(well-kept maidens) who had the power to transform into male warriors. The most famous of these are Nagmalitong Yawa and Matan-ayon. In one epic, after Buyong Humadapnon was captured by the magical binukot Sinangkating Bulawan, the also powerful female binukot, Nagmalitong Yawa, cast her magic and transformed into a male warrior named Buyong Sumasakay. He afterwards successfully rescued the warrior Buyong Humadapnon. In a similar epic, the female binukot Matan-ayon, in search of her husband Labaw Donggon, sailed the stormy seas using the golden ship Hulinday together with her less powerful brother-in-law Paubari. Once, when she was bathing after sailing a long way, Buyong Pahagunong spotted her and tried to make her his bride. The event was followed by a series of battles, where in one instance, Matan-ayon transformed into the male warrior Buyong Makalimpong. Labaw Donggon arrives and attacks Buyong Pahagunong, while Buyong Makalimpong once again transformed into Matan-ayon. Matan-ayon then has a conversation with the supreme goddess
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774:(MTRCB) disseminated a memorandum calling homosexual relationships—particularly lesbian relationships—an "abnormality of human nature", discouraging producers from broadcasting any sort of portrayals that promoted these relationships. While there are still several LGBT personalities in show business, as well as LGBT characters in films and television programs in the Philippines, notices such as these have limited particular LGBT portrayals in the Philippine media. While there is an acknowledgement of LGBT people, there is also a lack of understanding, leading to stereotyped portrayals dominating the media.
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conducted solely for the purpose of celebrating love and are not legally recognized. According to the United
Nations, when participating in the political dialogue, political representation is important. Because of this, the existence of LGBT political party Ang Ladlad and their representation of the LGBT community in politics is important. The Filipino Ang Ladlad party, whose founders, leaders, and core constituency belong to the LGBT community, was recognized by the government and participated in party elections in 2013.
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835:. The two are often seen in a butch-femme dichotomy, where in a lesbian couple one assumes the traditional roles of the masculine-male and the feminine-female, respectively. Femme-to-femme relationships, when depicted, have been shown more often as abused or ridiculed couples in a more heteronormative society. The following teleseries are recent portrayals of femme-to-femme lesbian relationships in the Philippines:
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MCC clergy, and now retired. There are, however, other individuals and groups who believe that the first pride march in the
Philippines was in 1996. Beyond this, there have been numerous efforts to spread awareness of LGBT people. The community has become generally accepted in society, and has continued to initiate efforts that aim for greater acceptance, protection, and empowerment of its members.
328:. Her prowess on fertility covers not only human and divine fertility, but also the fertility of all other things such as wildlife, crops, trees, and plants. She is also the goddess of cultivated land. A prayer dedicated to Lakapati was recited by children when sowing seeds: "Lakapati, pakanin mo yaring alipin mo; huwag mong gutumin" ("Lakapati, feed this thy slave; let him not hunger").
1170:(PFIP) is a collaborative, voluntary, and not-for-profit community composed of dedicated representatives from LGBT+ Employee Resource Groups (ERGs) or Human Resource / Diversity teams of the financial services industry and associate partner organizations. The PFIP aims to foster working environments that are safe and inclusive for the LGBT+ community.
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to Oscar
Atadero, one of the organizers of the 1994 Pride in Manila, the decline of interest in a style of mobilization that is public and militant and the failure of mass movement in the Philippines can be attributed to "the sudden appearance of the Internet at the same time gays and lesbians were forming political movements".
872:. It is in this competition that all manner of gays, men or women, as well as transgender and bisexuals are eligible to enter, granted that they first meet the qualifications/requirements of the pageant. However, the organization of these events has been met with controversy in certain cases. For example, in 2013, at the 9th
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The diffusion of LGBT subjectivities affected by the shifts in the global system allow studies exploring links between LGBT advocacy and hegemonic geopolitics to increase. An example is through the non-relational diffusion though media, technology, and shifts in democracy and neoliberalism. According
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in Asia and the
Pacific on 26 June 1994 by Pro-Gay Philippines and Metropolitan Community Church Manila. The 1994 Pride March was organized in connection with the 25th commemoration of the Stonewall uprising in New York in 1969. Notable organizers were Murphy Red and Rev. Fr. Richard Mickley, then an
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Quezon City Pride
Council (QCPC): A pioneering initiative of the Quezon City government and the first of its kind in the country, it is a council to enforce LGBT rights and gender-based policies and programs. Created by Mayor Herbert Bautista with an office order, it was launched on 25 March 2013 to
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There are, however, notable movements as well. One mobilization was Ladlad's "immoRALLY" in front of the COMELEC office in Manila, two weeks after the rejection of their petition for party-list accreditation in the 2010 elections. The protest rally was held after COMELEC rejected the petition based
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Transnational networks such as LGBT non-government organizations allow connected brokers in the
Philippines to widely adopt goals and strategies that are cross-culturally recognizable. Efforts to pass an anti-discrimination bill that prohibits using sexual orientation and gender identity as a basis
562:
The House of
Representatives approved LGBT Rights on 20 September 2017. The lawmakers had voted 198–0 to approve House Bill 4982, otherwise known as the Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity and Expression Equality (SOGIE) Bill. Violating this law carries penalties of ₱100,000 to ₱500,000 fines,
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True Colors
Coalition (TCC): Political LGBT organization to continue the community's struggle for equality, acceptance and freedom by organizing, educating and mobilizing the community and its allies and campaigning to end all forms of discrimination. TCC is a member of Kilusan para sa Pambansang
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While there are no laws pertaining to same-sex marriage or unions, Open Table MCC Church, a local church (in
Mandaluyong, Philippines) of the Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches (UFMCC), cites freedom of religion in sanctioning what it calls holy unions. These ceremonies are
649:
A Swardspeak speaker could be identified as homosexual, making it easier for people in the LGBT community to recognize each other. This created a group of speakers, helping the community resist cultural assimilation and marginalization. Straight people have begun to use
Swardspeak, however,
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The Philippines has been ranked one of the most gay-friendly nations in the world and is the most gay-friendly in Asia. In a survey of 39 countries (only 17 of which had a majority accepting homosexuality), the Philippines were the 10th most gay-friendly. The survey, "The Global Divide on
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Rainbow Rights (R-Rights) Philippines (formerly the Rainbow Rights Project): Non-profit, non-partisan, non-governmental organization to create an environment which upholds human rights and equal opportunities for all, regardless of sexual orientation and gender identity or expression
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for discrimination is an example. Goals and tactics used in the Philippines such as emphasis on "sexual orientation" and "gender identity" as a distinct part of the self, the idea of being "out", and pursuit of rights-based remedies are hallmarks of transnational LGBT politics.
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Held at the Marikina Sports Complex, the 2019 Pride was themed #ResistTogether, which fashioned the march as a celebration of the country's diversity and a protest against homophobia, biphobia, and transphobia. The pride also focused on the passage and support for the
175:", though there are other terms to describe them. According to the 2002 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Survey, 11 percent of sexually active Filipinos between the ages of 15 and 24 have had sex with someone of the same sex. According to Filipino poet and critic
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The 2018 Metro Manila Pride March, which took place on 30 June 2018 and began at Marikina Sports Center, was themed #RiseUpTogether. Compared to the previous year with about 7,700 participants, this year's Pride March round up to 20,000 attendees.
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The following Metro Manila Pride March was themed Let Love In. There was uncertainty whether or not the event would take place due to the Orlando Nightclub Shooting, but the event still took place. The march began at Luneta Park on 25 June 2016.
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Prior to the introduction of Islam to the archipelago and the subsequent colonization by Spain and other European Christians, the region that would become the Philippines was inhabited largely by tribes and larger feudal states that practiced
242:, the 1980 Women's Movement which focused on the lesbian struggle of Filipinas, the formation of The Lesbian Collective which was the first formal lesbian organization in the country, and the organization of the first LGBT
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which are likewise often used as derogatory terms. However, lesbians too have recently embraced this terms, and have used these terms jokingly to refer to each other. But despite being used to refer to lesbians, the word
320:. Those mythologies included hermaphrodite gods and goddesses like Lakapati (or Ikapati), the goddess of fertility and good harvest, who was described as an androgynous, intersex, or hermaphrodite goddess. Lakapati is a
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in the past years to empower the Filipino community in creating a safe space for the LGBT community. Since the First Pride March in 1994, the LGBT community has continued to celebrate this event in the month of June.
1133:
1186:; promotes gender equality among the student body and beyond. Sponsors Pink Flicks (a film festival focusing on gender issues), symposiums, educational discussions and gatherings with other LGBT organizations.
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According to the scholar and linguist Jean-Paul Potet (2017), there is no information regarding the gender of Bathala in the early Spanish accounts of the Tagalog religion. The term may have been used as an
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During sacrifices made in a new field to Lakapati, a major fertility deity, the farmer would hold up a child and say, "Lakapati, pakanin mo yaring alipin mo; huwag mong gutumin " (San Buenaventura 1613,
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Pride March in 2017 was entitled #HereTogether. On 24 June that year, members and supporters of the LGBT Community gathered at Plaza de los Alcaldes, Marikina to begin the 2017 Metro Manila Pride March.
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who often cross-dresses, demonstrates stereotypically feminine actions and speech, and is attracted to stereotypically masculine men. The following films have portrayals of the feminine gay:
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347:(literally "the leveler"), is regarded as a destructive deity of punishment and vengeance. She was also a major deity (usually of creation, the sky, or agriculture) for most other
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Southern Tagalog Pride: The premier alliance of LGBTQ and ally organizations, federations, gender desks, Pride councils, and individuals in Region IV (CALABARZON and MIMAROPA)
1061:(Progressive Organization of Gays in the Philippines): A gay-rights organization in Metro Manila that led the Asia and Pacific's first Pride March in the Philippines in 1994.
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1142:: Founded in July 2011 as the first organization for transsexual and transgender men in the Philippines. Based in Metro Manila, it has members throughout the Philippines.
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Nothing is said about the gender of Bathala. The use of the masculine Sanskrit term suggests that it was a god, but it may have been used as an epicene one in Tagalog.
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are typically female spiritual leaders, priests, or shamans in native communities, whose position can also be taken by males who crossed genders, and were called
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on moral grounds, claiming that the LGBT people are not immoral. The event brought together national organizations such as Babaylan, Task Force Pride, and the
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defines marriage as "a special contract of permanent union between a man and a woman". The Constitution of the Philippines does not prohibit same-sex marriage.
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Although legislation supporting same-sex marriage in the Philippines has been proposed several times in the Philippine legislature, none has been passed. The
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Movements to promote the acceptance of gay people in Philippine society include, but are not limited to, the establishment of the Home of the Golden Gays by
1035:: Established in 1992, UP Babaylan is the first LGBT student organization in the Philippines and is the only LGBT support and advocacy student group at the
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and imprisonment for one to six years. This bill prohibits and penalizes any discriminatory acts against Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, and Transgender people.
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Men who surrender may not be killed, and the weak and effeminate are handled gently; a timawa who kills a captive already seized must reimburse his datu.
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are Tagalog words for a man who has feminine mannerisms, or dresses or identifies as a woman. Although the terms are not the equivalent of the English "
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169:, leading some activists to characterize LGBT culture in the Philippines as "tolerated, but not accepted." Homosexuals in the Philippines are known as "
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The 21st Metro Manila Pride March in 2015, entitled Fight For Love, was held on 25 July. The turnout of the event was estimated at 2,000 participants.
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The more recent Pride Marches have become more visible to the public with its organizers' use of social media to promote the advocacy, and the events.
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506:. Although many of these terms are considered derogatory, they are sometimes used casually or jokingly by the Filipino gay and lesbian community.
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1098:(Sanctuary of Art): Registered lesbian art studio, providing a venue for lesbian art. The studio has produced a lesbian literary and art folio,
235:) on enemy settlements. According to J. Neil C. Garcia, the feminized men were similar to women in almost all aspects, except for childbearing.
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371:, but the use of the Sanskrit-derived masculine term also suggests that the deity's gender might be male. In a similar vein, the Tagalog word
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awards, transgender woman Mimi Juareza was still considered under the "male" category as Best Actor and referred to with the pronoun "he".
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or genderless term by Potet, since the term is not exclusive to male-gendered sovereigns, but also to those who are of the female gender.
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portrayal, where the men still appear stereotypically masculine but are attracted to the same sex. A cited example of this is the film
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1799:. Colección Biblioteca de Historia de América. Vol. 15. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. pp. 71–72.
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548:, showed that 73 percent of adult Filipinos agreed that "homosexuality should be accepted by society" (up from 64 percent in 2002).
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2016:
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The Philippine media and show business scene—encompassing film, radio, and television—is a vital part of LGBT culture in terms of
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2606:"To Conform or Not to Conform, That is the Genderqueer Question: Re-examining the Lesbian Identity in Bernal's "Manila by Night""
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highlight the city government's support for the implementation and enforcement of gender-based policies, programs and activities.
1176:(Team Pilipinas): A forum promoting human rights, sexual and gender diversity and equality through sports, culture and recreation
1120:
718:
2904:- publication for the gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex and asexual (GLBTQIA) communities in the Philippines.
889:) announced that a Philippine drag competition series was in the works, with the casting call open. The series was later called
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For the gay Filipino man, two main stereotypes have been revealed in studies to be dominantly presented in media. There is the
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Change Me into A Chieftain: Resistance and Persistence in Upland Panay Island, Philippines, D. Gowey, Arizona State University
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and advocates non-violent initiations, gender sensitivity and psychological support. It holds annual forums on HIV awareness.
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Denying or revoking a professional or other similar license or clearance, except marriage license, issued by the government
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532:, concluding that the party did not have a nationwide membership. COMELEC again refused Ladlad's petition to contest the
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343:("the ancient one"), she was regarded as a more sympathetic deity of justice and equality. However, her male aspect,
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225:, among many names. Effeminate people, together with the weak, were handled gently during pre-colonial inter-tribal
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Lakapati Laguna: A national democratic organization and alliance of LGBTQI organizations and individuals in Laguna.
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LGBT representation outside of television and films has been made through existence of gay beauty pageants such as
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in Congress. Attendance in the 2019 march peaked at 70,000 people, almost thrice the number from the 2018 march.
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626:, celebrities' names and trademarked brands, giving them new meanings in different contexts. Words derived from
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political organization, states that it has recognized same-sex relationships within its membership since 1998.
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1285:"CBCP exec: US should respect PHL law regarding same-sex marriage | Pinoy Abroad | GMA News Online"
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With the general tolerance of the country towards the LGBT community, its members have organized a number of
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1205:: Non-profit organization to promote and safeguard the rights of LGBT members and allies in the Philippines
1006:: Begun in 2014 and considered the Philippines' first openly gay fraternity, Alpha Nu is recognized by the
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about why the men are fighting, and they agree to sit back and watch them if they truly are seeking death.
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Bahaghari: The national alliance of LGBTQIA+ advocates, organizations, and formations in the Philippines.
861:, a 2016 comedy-drama narrating the life (and death) of a transgender beauty queen, was entered into the
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are the first LGBT-community members appointed as government officials; they were appointed by President
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Denying a person access to public or private medical and other health services open to the general public
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None at the national level but many anti-discrimination ordinances exist at the local government level.
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Gender-crossing practices go back to the history of pre-colonial communities in the Philippines. The
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people have largely embraced it. In addition to this, lesbians in the Filipino community are called
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Programme, United Nations Development; Development, United States Agency for International (2014).
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are the most culturally visible subset of gay men in the Philippines. They are often considered a
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PAYUYO, LOUISE ABIGAIL (2012). "The Portrayal of Gays in Popular Filipino Films, 2000 to 2010".
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are all featured in major programs and are often tapped to endorse major products and services.
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Lesbianism in Philippine media has also been studied with two common stereotypes emerging: the
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The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto Curriculum Inquiry
2379:"Ladlad and Parrhesiastic Pedagogy: Unfurling LGBT Politics and Education in the Global South"
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In the Philippines, the word "gay" is used to refer to any LGBT person. For Filipino gays the
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2340:"Realizing Rights in Manila: Brokers and the Mediation of Sexual Politics in the Philippines"
2301:"Realizing Rights in Manila: Brokers and the Mediation of Sexual Politics in the Philippines"
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survey in 2013. Despite this, some discrimination still persist and LGBT people have limited
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LAKAPATI: LAKAPÁTÌ = the name of the Tagalog hermaphrodite deity, protector of sown fields.
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overturned COMELEC's decision and allowed Ladlad to participate in the May 2010 elections.
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Demetrio, F. R., & Cordero-Fernando, G. (1991). The Soul Book . Quezon City: GCF Books
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1391:"'There's No Shame in Being Who You Are': Photographer Explores Filipino 'bakla' Culture"
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1602:"Bridging Gaps, Making a Struggle: The History of Filipina Lesbian in the Philippines"
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2273:"Ang Ladlad party brings beauty parlours and gay pageants out to vote in Philippines"
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Refusing admission or expelling a person from any educational or training institution
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2017:"Gay Language: Defying the Structural Limits of English Language in the Philippines"
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Children were taught this prayer to Lakapati. They recited it when they sowed seeds.
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SCOTT, WILLIAM HENRY (1980). "Filipino Class Structure in the Sixteenth Century".
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Metro Manila Pride: Umbrella organization for the annual Metro Manila Pride events
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describes masculine gay men. Neutral slang terms for gay men include "billy boy",
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281:. The Teduray bases their concept of gender towards their ethnic beliefs, with a
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Garcia, J. Nelia C. (2000). "Performativity, the bakla and the orienting gaze".
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Men who sell sex: international perspectives on male prostitution and HIV/AIDS
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often refer to the more masculine lesbian, otherwise known as the "butch".
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countries in Asia. It has the second highest social acceptance rate in the
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2420:"Geraldine Roman: First transgender politician elected in the Philippines"
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Scott, William Henry (1994). "Chapter 12 - Tagalog Society and Religion".
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1365:"LGBTQ activists: We are tolerated but not accepted in the Philippines"
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and won two awards at the Tokyo International Film Festival in 2016.
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2553:"Communist Party of the Philippines recognizes LGBT rights, welfare"
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1416:"Survey shows young Filipinos are opening up homosexual activities"
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particularly in gay-dominated industries such as fashion and film.
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610:) and is used by the Filipino LGBT community. It uses elements of
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2525:"Philippines president appoints transgender woman to government"
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Philippine Forum on Sports, Culture, Sexuality and Human Rights
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179:, Filipino culture may have a more flexible concept of gender.
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Gays, lesbians and bisexuals allowed to serve openly since 2009
2698:"'Rise Up Together:' Metro Manila Pride March set for June 30"
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on the grounds of "immorality". However, on 8 April 2010, the
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2831:"In Photos: #ResistTogether at 2019 Metro Manila Pride March"
2577:"2014 UNDP-USAID Philippines LGBT Country Report - FINAL.pdf"
2446:"5 things you should know about the Anti-Discrimination Bill"
1628:"Learning from the Teduray people: Aluing self-determination"
670:, a proposed legislation tackling LGBT rights in the country.
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Allowed for individuals but not allowed for same-sex couples.
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1067:: A local progressive, ecumenical and LGBT affirming church
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Denying access to public service, including military service
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potters, the person on the right is wearing women's clothes.
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2775:"Watch: Scenes from this year's Metro Manila Pride Parade"
2750:"Pride March 2015: Filipino LGBTQs Make History in Luneta"
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Barangay: Sixteenth-century Philippine Culture and Society
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Barangay: Sixteenth-century Philippine Culture and Society
1076:- the Mandaluyong church of Metropolitan Community Church
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524:(COMELEC) disqualified the Filipino LGBT political party
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122:
1958:
Philippine gay culture: binabae to bakla, silahis to MSM
1572:"Male Homosexuality in the Philippines: A Short History"
1509:"Male Homosexuality in the Philippines: A Short History"
899:
announced a casting call for a Philippine adaptation of
2669:"Paolo Ballesteros wins Best Actor at Tokyo film fest"
1156:
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
2806:"#HereTogether: Thousands march for LGBTQ+ community"
697:
is the first transgender person to be elected to the
2247:"Being LGBT in Asia: The Philippines Country Report"
2244:
1606:
Kasarinlan Philippine Journal of Third World Studies
1217:
1168:
The Philippine Financial & Inter- Industry Pride
772:
Movie and Television Review and Classification Board
691:
party-list to protest the charge against the LGBTs.
1052:: A community group for open-minded individuals at
728:In December 2019, Duterte appointed trans activist
2189:. The Philippine Online Chronicles. Archived from
1625:
1026:: A gender-equality activist organization at the
4391:
2603:
551:
2056:"New Peoples Army recognizes same-sex marriage"
1825:"The Boxer Codex: The Bisayan Chapter (Part 2)"
1797:Etnografía de los indios Bisayas del siglo XVII
1317:"PH ranks among most gay-friendly in the world"
1166:Philippine Financial and Inter-Industry Pride:
1134:Society of Transsexual Women of the Philippines
909:, which included twelve drag queens competing.
874:Cinemalaya Philippine Independent Film Festival
646:and others, are also used by LGBT communities.
2691:
2689:
2516:
2472:"Aiza Seguerra, Liza Dino Get Gov't Positions"
2161:
2053:
895:with eight drag queens competing. Afterwards,
375:(meaning "sovereign") is also mentioned as an
4102:
3091:
2923:
2270:
2184:
2079:"Gay party-list group Ladlad out of the race"
1182:: LGBT organization and support group at the
1016:: The first LGBT student organization at the
566:The SOGIE Bill penalizes the following acts:
2896:- Filipino LGBT organization in Los Angeles.
2417:
191:") is defined in less binary terms than the
4116:
2937:
2686:
1920:Ancient Beliefs and Customs of the Tagalogs
1890:Ancient Beliefs and Customs of the Tagalogs
1873:
1871:
1818:
1816:
1768:Ancient Beliefs and Customs of the Tagalogs
1680:Ancient Beliefs and Customs of the Tagalogs
723:Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation
478:("unfurling" or "unveiling") refers to the
4109:
4095:
3098:
3084:
2930:
2916:
2803:
2443:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
474:("unfurling the cape") or, more commonly,
339:. Usually spoken of in her female aspect,
35:
3412:
2617:
2499:"Duterte Appoints Arnell Ignacio to OWWA"
2344:GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies
2305:GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies
1951:
1949:
1851:"Visayan Deities in Philippine Mythology"
1362:
1277:
1085:: Lesbian activist group in Metro Manila
1028:Polytechnic University of the Philippines
770:In 2004, the Republic of the Philippines
544:Homosexuality" conducted by the US-based
442:is sometimes used in a derogatory sense,
3105:
2804:Villanueva, Clyde Jayvy (24 June 2017).
2337:
2298:
1987:. Temple University Press. p. 246.
1980:
1974:
1868:
1813:
1740:. Ateneo University Press. p. 234.
1713:. Ateneo University Press. p. 234.
1356:
1065:Open Table Metropolitan Community Church
924:
916:
657:
401:
272:
251:Representation in indigenous mythologies
149:, and it has been ranked among the most
2695:
2496:
2137:"SC allows Ang Ladlad to join May poll"
2014:
1960:. University of the Philippines Press.
1388:
1299:
1265:Single mother phenomenon of Philippines
1184:University of the Philippines Los Baños
4392:
2747:
2640:
2523:Lavers, Michael K. (5 December 2019).
2522:
2376:
1955:
1946:
1599:
1569:
1446:
1314:
1148:: Spiritual gay center in Metro Manila
1123:: A gay support and advocacy group in
1018:University of Southeastern Philippines
945:More Recent Metro Manila Pride Marches
213:Filipino shamans § Sex and gender
4090:
3079:
2967:Falcis III v. Civil Registrar-General
2911:
2599:
2597:
2571:
2569:
2240:
2238:
2111:"CHR backs Ang Ladlad in Comelec row"
2076:
1916:
1886:
1848:
1794:
1788:
1764:
1733:
1706:
1676:
1531:
1440:
1037:University of the Philippines Diliman
1008:University of the Philippines-Diliman
997:
701:. She has been a staunch advocate of
335:, the supreme creator deity has both
1822:
1653:"Queer Mythology in the Philippines"
1570:Garcia, J. Neil C. (November 2004).
1339:"The Global Divide on Homosexuality"
2497:Placido, Dharel (25 January 2018).
2223:from the original on 8 January 2018
2054:LeiLani Dowell (17 February 2005).
2008:
1363:Gutierrez, Natashya (17 May 2017).
324:and a major fertility deity in the
13:
2594:
2566:
2235:
1842:
1626:Sass Rogando Sasot (30 May 2015).
1506:
1331:
801:Ang Pagdadalaga ni Maximo Oliveros
759:. Prominent celebrities including
741:Communist Party of the Philippines
522:Philippine Commission on Elections
14:
4411:
2991:Pride International Film Festival
2887:
2550:
1849:Clark, Jordan (6 February 2016).
1203:Equality Philippines (EqualityPH)
528:from fronting a candidate in the
199:means "kind, species, or genus".
4071:
4070:
4059:
2724:"Pride in the First Pride March"
2721:
2604:Linsangan Cantor, Libay (2012).
2164:"Deciphering Filipino Gay Lingo"
1389:Gonzalo, Ally (2 October 2019).
1315:Tubeza, Philip C (8 June 2013).
1234:
1220:
538:Supreme Court of the Philippines
24:
22:LGBTQ rights in the Philippines
4400:LGBT culture in the Philippines
2853:
2823:
2797:
2767:
2741:
2715:
2661:
2634:
2544:
2490:
2464:
2437:
2411:
2370:
2338:Thoreson, Ryan Richard (2012).
2331:
2299:Thoreson, Ryan Richard (2012).
2292:
2264:
2205:
2185:Jessica Salao (30 April 2010).
2178:
2162:Empress Maruja (27 July 2007).
2155:
2129:
2103:
2070:
2047:
1937:
1910:
1880:
1758:
1727:
1700:
1670:
1645:
1619:
1593:
1563:
1525:
863:2016 Metro Manila Film Festival
794:Aishite Imasu: 1941: Mahal Kita
397:
386:, there are accounts of female
351:groups, usually under the name
265:Deities of Philippine mythology
2956:Recognition of same-sex unions
2837:. 30 June 2019. Archived from
2643:Philippine Sociological Review
2444:Anna Bueno (17 October 2016).
2077:Aning, Jerome (1 March 2007).
1500:
1475:
1421:. 23 July 2003. Archived from
1408:
1382:
1255:LGBT rights in the Philippines
1108:: Social and support group in
516:LGBT rights in the Philippines
99:Family Code of the Philippines
1:
2271:Mark Gevisser (12 May 2013).
2217:Holy Unions by Open Table MCC
2187:"Gayspeak: Not for gays only"
1734:Scott, William Henry (1994).
1270:
1115:Northern Samar LGBT Community
1090:Lesbian Advocates Philippines
734:Department of Agrarian Reform
552:LGBT Rights Bill (SOGIE Bill)
3565:Business process outsourcing
2418:Heather Chen (10 May 2016).
2015:Casabal, Norberto V (2008).
1917:POTET, Jean-Paul G. (2019).
1887:POTET, Jean-Paul G. (2019).
1765:POTET, Jean-Paul G. (2019).
1677:POTET, Jean-Paul G. (2019).
1260:Sexuality in the Philippines
85:Recognition of relationships
7:
1956:Garcia, J. Neil C. (2008).
1600:Pineda, Roselle V. (2008).
1449:Inter-Asia Cultural Studies
1213:
1154:: Gay support group at the
1054:Ateneo de Manila University
814:In contrast to this is the
703:an anti-discrimination bill
653:
586:
438:) in a male body. Although
10:
4416:
1487:Tagalog-English Dictionary
555:
513:
254:
206:
202:
145:are generally accepted in
70:Discrimination protections
4359:
4272:
4187:
4125:
4042:
3961:
3846:
3680:
3671:
3550:
3541:
3357:
3348:
3230:
3221:
3154:
3123:
3114:
3057:
3027:
3009:
3001:Mr. Gay World Philippines
2983:
2976:
2943:
2084:Philippine Daily Inquirer
1923:. Lulu.com. p. 309.
1771:. Lulu.com. p. 388.
1683:. Lulu.com. p. 387.
1461:10.1080/14649370050141140
912:
719:National Youth Commission
509:
105:
93:
83:
78:
68:
58:
48:
34:
20:
3469:House of Representatives
3362:Administrative divisions
2392:(4): 501. Archived from
2356:10.1215/10642684-1600725
2317:10.1215/10642684-1600725
1981:Aggleton, Peter (1999).
1893:. Lulu.com. p. 22.
1795:Yepes, Victoria (1996).
1117:(NSLGBT): Northern Samar
1083:Can't Live in the Closet
929:2019 Metro Manila Pride.
921:2019 Metro Manila Pride.
750:
662:March 2018 rally at the
494:to refer to themselves;
482:process. Some lesbians (
434:, embodying femininity (
257:LGBT themes in mythology
2938:LGBT in the Philippines
2696:Rappler (5 June 2018).
2551:Staff, OutrageMag com.
2377:Coloma, Roland (2013).
1100:What These Hands Can Do
841:The Rich Man's Daughter
745:Marxist-Leninist-Maoist
337:female and male aspects
177:Lilia Quindoza Santiago
4066:Philippines portal
3610:Science and technology
1823:Caballes, Mary Joyce.
985:2019 - #ResistTogether
976:2018 - #RiseUpTogether
930:
922:
721:and vice-chair of the
671:
410:
298:
4021:Sport and martial art
3437:Executive departments
2861:"About the Organizer"
2748:De La Cruz, Christa.
2619:10.13185/kk2012.01905
2058:. Workers World Party
1209:Demokrasya (KILUSAN).
1136:(STRAP): Metro Manila
1020:, established in 2013
950:2015 - Fight For Love
928:
920:
906:Drag Race Philippines
666:by supporters of the
664:People Power Monument
661:
594:, or "gay lingo", is
530:2007 general election
405:
276:
3886:Fashion and clothing
3727:Environmental issues
3654:Water and sanitation
3491:Regional Trial Court
3336:World Heritage Sites
2996:Miss Gay Philippines
2894:Barangay Los Angeles
2091:on 26 September 2012
2029:10.3860/kk.v0i11.754
1657:Making Queer History
1163:(GAY): Support group
1092:(LeAP): Metro Manila
967:2017 - #HereTogether
870:Miss Gay Philippines
787:Markova: Comfort Gay
628:indigenous languages
269:Philippine mythology
209:Bakla § History
167:LGBT-specific rights
3876:Cultural properties
3642:Tourist attractions
3189:Japanese occupation
3065:SOGIE Equality Bill
2251:UNT Digital Library
1507:Garcia, J. Neil C.
1343:Pew Research Center
1146:Order of St. Aelred
992:SOGIE Equality Bill
883:(a contestant from
732:as director of the
699:Philippine congress
668:SOGIE Equality Bill
558:SOGIE Equality Bill
546:Pew Research Center
472:paglaladlad ng kapa
283:hermaphrodite woman
163:Pew Research Center
3891:Historical markers
3749:Indigenous peoples
3625:Telecommunications
3399:Political families
3240:Biosphere reserves
2961:Right to Care card
2865:Metro Manila Pride
2193:on 1 December 2010
2117:. 15 November 2009
1855:The Aswang Project
1534:Philippine Studies
1242:Philippines portal
1161:Gorgeous and Young
1096:Lunduyan ng Sining
1059:ProGay Philippines
998:LGBT organizations
958:2016 - Let Love In
931:
923:
901:RuPaul's Drag Race
886:RuPaul's Drag Race
672:
411:
384:Suludnon mythology
299:
295:mentefuwaley lagey
287:mentefuwaley libun
4387:
4386:
4084:
4083:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4033:
3948:Traditional games
3783:Income inequality
3766:Human trafficking
3667:
3666:
3630:Telephone numbers
3537:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3404:Political parties
3377:Foreign relations
3344:
3343:
3217:
3216:
3202:Marcos presidency
3193:Postcolonial era
3073:
3072:
3053:
3052:
2754:ChoosePhilippines
1994:978-1-56639-669-1
1967:978-971-542-577-3
1930:978-0-244-34873-1
1900:978-0-244-34873-1
1778:978-0-244-34873-1
1747:978-971-550-135-4
1720:978-971-550-135-4
1690:978-0-244-34873-1
606:(Tagalog-English
326:Tagalog mythology
291:hermaphrodite man
161:, according to a
115:
114:
4407:
4295:
4153:
4141:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4088:
4087:
4074:
4073:
4064:
4063:
4062:
3844:
3843:
3798:Overseas workers
3720:Higher education
3678:
3677:
3548:
3547:
3486:Court of Appeals
3442:Executive office
3410:
3409:
3355:
3354:
3228:
3227:
3169:Pre-colonial era
3121:
3120:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3077:
3076:
3018:Outrage Magazine
2981:
2980:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2909:
2908:
2902:Outrage Magazine
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2867:. Archived from
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2841:on 13 March 2020
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2781:. Archived from
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2693:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2621:
2601:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2530:Washington Blade
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2478:. 12 August 2016
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2448:. Archived from
2441:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2398:
2383:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2242:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2087:. Archived from
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2035:on 27 March 2009
2031:. Archived from
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1953:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1829:The Pinay Writer
1820:
1811:
1810:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1576:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1513:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1427:
1420:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1312:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1287:. gmanetwork.com
1281:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1223:
879:In August 2021,
725:, respectively.
570:Gender Profiling
486:) use the words
147:Filipino society
141:) people in the
39:
29:
28:
18:
17:
4415:
4414:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4355:
4325:United Kingdom
4289:
4268:
4183:
4147:
4135:
4121:
4115:
4085:
4080:
4060:
4058:
4030:
3957:
3926:Public holidays
3842:
3771:Sex trafficking
3663:
3529:
3447:Law enforcement
3408:
3340:
3304:Protected areas
3213:
3182:American period
3150:
3110:
3104:
3074:
3069:
3049:
3023:
3005:
2972:
2939:
2936:
2890:
2885:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2871:on 11 July 2017
2859:
2858:
2854:
2844:
2842:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2802:
2798:
2788:
2786:
2779:CNN Philippines
2773:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2720:
2716:
2706:
2704:
2694:
2687:
2677:
2675:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2639:
2635:
2610:Kritika Kultura
2602:
2595:
2585:
2583:
2575:
2574:
2567:
2557:
2555:
2549:
2545:
2535:
2533:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2495:
2491:
2481:
2479:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2453:
2452:on 4 April 2017
2442:
2438:
2428:
2426:
2416:
2412:
2402:
2400:
2399:on 13 July 2018
2396:
2381:
2375:
2371:
2336:
2332:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2243:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2160:
2156:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2052:
2048:
2038:
2036:
2021:Kritika Kultura
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1954:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1847:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1793:
1789:
1779:
1763:
1759:
1748:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1705:
1701:
1691:
1675:
1671:
1661:
1659:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1634:
1624:
1620:
1610:
1608:
1598:
1594:
1581:. No. 35.
1579:IIAS Newsletter
1574:
1568:
1564:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1428:on 1 April 2005
1425:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1320:
1313:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1000:
947:
915:
753:
715:Rodrigo Duterte
705:. Entertainers
695:Geraldine Roman
656:
589:
560:
554:
518:
512:
484:butch and femme
400:
333:Waray mythology
271:
253:
215:
205:
44:
30:
23:
12:
11:
5:
4413:
4403:
4402:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4284:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4217:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
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2785:on 8 July 2020
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858:Die Beautiful
851:
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816:masculine gay
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4052:Bibliography
3981:Coat of arms
3953:Value system
3856:Architecture
3808:Prostitution
3705:Demographics
3575:Central bank
3518:Marine Corps
3498:Armed Forces
3382:Human rights
3367:Constitution
3316:Ramsar sites
3035:LGBT culture
3016:
2965:
2873:. Retrieved
2869:the original
2864:
2855:
2843:. Retrieved
2839:the original
2834:
2825:
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2170:23 December
2121:10 December
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2702:Rappler
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