Quran - Knowledge

5348: 4997: 1801: 4785: 4797: 6387: 2642: 5612: 4817: 6080: 4735: 5696: 6099: 2419: 4759: 4716: 6114: 5347: 1724:, an early form of written Arabic. This possibly was one of the earliest extant exemplars of the Quran, but as the tests allow a range of possible dates, it cannot be said with certainty which of the existing versions is the oldest. Saudi scholar Saud al-Sarhan has expressed doubt over the age of the fragments as they contain dots and chapter separators that are believed to have originated later. The Birmingham manuscript caused excitement amongst believers because of its potential overlapping with the dominant tradition over the lifetime of 5664: 75: 7299:"The final process of collection and codification of the Quran text was guided by one over-arching principle: God's words must not in any way be distorted or sullied by human intervention. For this reason, no serious attempt, apparently, was made to edit the numerous revelations, organize them into thematic units, or present them in chronological order... This has given rise in the past to a great deal of criticism by European and American scholars of Islam, who find the Quran disorganized, repetitive and very difficult to read." 5845: 5203: 10481:," as the destroyer of the shari'a and leader of the dissemblers, who represent "the collective personality of the Sufyan.".. In the same context, he then employs the Hadith metaphorically to pinpoint the specific forms in which he sees these evil forces at work in Turkish society at the time: naturalist and materialist philosophies, individualism, self-aggrandizement, and hybris, including the hybris of a "tyrannical leader" figure who falsely but seductively claims to possess an almost god-like status. The figure of the 7345:"at imperial expense, a 'Tatar and Turkish Typography' was established in St. Petersburg; a domestic scholar, Mullah Osman Ismail, was responsible for the manufacture of the types. One of the first products of this printing house was the Qur'ān. Through the doctor and writer, Johann Georg v. Zimmermann (d. 1795), who was befriended by Catherine II, a copy of the publication arrived in the Göttingen University library. Its director, the philologist Christian Gottlob Heyne (d. 1812), presented the work immediately in the 1471:, had caused some confusion and differences in the pronunciation of the Qur'an, and conflict was arising between different Arab tribes due to some claiming to be more superior to other Arab tribes and non-Arabs based on dialect, Which Uthman noticed. In order to preserve the sanctity of the text, he ordered a committee headed by Zayd to use Abu Bakr's copy and prepare a standard text of the Quran. Thus, within 20 years of Muhammad's death in 632, the complete Quran was committed to written form as the 1446:, early Muslim narratives about the collection and compilation of the Quran sometimes contradict themselves: "Most ... make Uthman little more than an editor, but there are some in which he appears very much a collector, appealing to people to bring him any bit of the Quran they happen to possess." Some accounts also "suggest that in fact the material" Abu Bakr worked with "had already been assembled", which since he was the first caliph, would mean they were collected when Muhammad was still alive. 4263: 5624: 1607: 6153: 6680: 4852: 3430: 6666: 4837: 6132: 3338:, acknowledges Brown's observation that the seeming disorganization of Quranic literary expression—its scattered or fragmented mode of composition in Sells's phrase—is in fact a literary device capable of delivering profound effects as if the intensity of the prophetic message were shattering the vehicle of human language in which it was being communicated. Sells also addresses the much-discussed repetitiveness of the Quran, seeing this, too, as a literary device. 5676: 1421:) was the person to collect the Quran since "he used to write the Divine Inspiration for Allah's Apostle". Thus, a group of scribes, most importantly Zayd, collected the verses and produced a hand-written manuscript of the complete book. The manuscript according to Zayd remained with Abu Bakr until he died. Zayd's reaction to the task and the difficulties in collecting the Quranic material from parchments, palm-leaf stalks, thin stones (collectively known as 20913: 4470: 3373:) in a self-designating manner (explicitly asserting its Divinity, "And this is a blessed Remembrance that We have sent down; so are you now denying it?"), or in the frequent appearance of the "Say" tags, when Muhammad is commanded to speak (e.g., "Say: 'God's guidance is the true guidance'", "Say: 'Would you then dispute with us concerning God?'"). According to Wild the Quran is highly self-referential. The feature is more evident in early Meccan suras. 7237:"God's Apostle replied, 'Sometimes it is (revealed) like the ringing of a bell, this form of Inspiration is the hardest of all and then this state passes off after I have grasped what is inspired. Sometimes the Angel comes in the form of a man and talks to me and I grasp whatever he says.' ʻAisha added: Verily I saw the Prophet being inspired Divinely on a very cold day and noticed the Sweat dropping from his forehead (as the Inspiration was over)." 1485: 217: 195: 7336:"the major Ottoman printing houses published a combined total of only 142 books in more than a century of printing between 1727 and 1838. When taken in conjunction with the fact that only a minuscule number of copies of each book were printed, this statistic demonstrates that the introduction of the printing press did not transform Ottoman cultural life until the emergence of vibrant print media in the middle of the nineteenth century" 2207: 2855: 5640: 7349:(28 July 1788); therein he pointed especially to the beauty of the Arabic types. To the Arabic text marginal glosses have been added that consist predominantly of reading variants. The imprint was reproduced unchanged in 1790 and 1793 in St. Petersburg (cf. Schnurrer, Bibliotheca arabica, no. 384); later, after the transfer of the printing house to Kazan, editions appeared in different formats and with varying presentation 2019: 20902: 6652: 4219: 10376:(Applications nos. 41340/98, 41342/98, 41343/98 and 41344/98), Judgment, Strasbourg, 13 February 2003, No. 123 (siehe S. 39): "sharia is incompatible with the fundamental principles of democracy, since principles such as pluralism in the political sphere and the constant evolution of public freedoms have no place in it and a regime based on sharia clearly diverges from Convention values"; see Alastair Mowbray, 3628: 3063: 8890: – 2008 Middle East report: Issues 218–222; Issues 224–225 Middle East Research & Information Project, JSTOR (Organization) – 2001 Shahine filed to divorce Abu Zayd from his wife, on the grounds that Abu Zayd's textual criticism of the Quran made him an apostate, and hence unfit to marry a Muslim. Abu Zayd and his wife eventually relocated to the Netherlands 3296: 1237: 11550:: "the verses of the Qur'an represent its uniqueness and beauty not to mention its novelty and originality. That is why it has succeeded in convincing so many people of its truth. it imitates nothing and no one nor can it be imitated. Its style does not pall even after long periods of study and the text does not lose its freshness over time" 4483: 1303:) maintained that the term induced two meanings: first, the inability to read or write in general; second, the inexperience or ignorance of the previous books or scriptures (but they gave priority to the first meaning). Muhammad's illiteracy was taken as a sign of the genuineness of his prophethood. For example, according to 4482: 4644:) before touching a copy of the Quran, although this view is not universal. Worn-out copies of the Quran are wrapped in a cloth and stored indefinitely in a safe place, buried in a mosque or a Muslim cemetery, or burned and the ashes buried or scattered over water. While praying, the Quran is only recited in Arabic. 5327:, with less reference to the Islamic scholarly tradition that contextualizes and systematizes the reading (e.g., by identifying some verses as abrogated). This tradition of interpretation draws on the following practices: grammatical renegotiation, renegotiation of textual preference, retrieval, and concession. 2786:, there are around 750 verses in the Quran dealing with natural phenomena and many verses of the Quran ask mankind to study nature, and this has been interpreted to mean an encouragement for scientific inquiry, and of the truth. Some include, "Travel throughout the earth and see how He brings life into being" ( 4487: 4486: 4485: 7493: 7396:, the verse instead commands women to "snap their belts around their waists." The belt was a sign of chastity in the Christian world. According to him, the meanings of the words in the relevant part of the verse are as follows:خِمار Khimar; cummerbund, جيب jyb; sinus, sac, وَلْيَضْرِبْنَ;"let them hit" 5238:

in the Quran such as coming, going, sitting, satisfaction, anger and sadness; "Allah has equipped them with words to bring them closer to our minds; in this respect, they are like proverbs that are used to create a picture in the mind and thus help the listener to clearly understand the idea he wants

5198:

Moses, asks for a vision but his desire is denied, he is made to suffer by being commanded to look at other than the Beloved while the mountain is able to see God in Qushayri's words. Moses cames like thousands of men who traveled great distances, gives up his self existence. In that state, Moses was

11786:

Siddiqui, M 2020, Poetry, prophecy and the angelic voice: Reflections on the Divine Word. in MS Burrows, H Davies & J von Zitzewitz (eds), Prophetic Witness and the Reimagining of the World: Poetry, Theology and Philosophy in Dialogue. 1st edn, The Power of the Word, vol. 5, Routledge Studies in

9846:

Dalley defends traditional opinion: "The name or epithet of Atrahasis is used for the skillful god of craftmanship Kothar-wa-hasis in Ugaritic mythology, and is abbreviated to Chousor in the Greek account of Syrian origins related by Philo of Byblos. A similar abbreviation is used in the name of the

5395:

translations (meanings) that include the translator's contributions to the relevant text instead of literal ones. Although the author's contributions are often bracketed and shown separately, the author's individual tendencies may also come to the fore in making sense of the main text. These studies

5193:

When Moses came at the appointed time and his Lord spoke to him, he asked, "My Lord! Reveal Yourself to me so I may see You." Allah answered, "You cannot see Me! But look at the mountain. If it remains firm in its place, only then will you see Me." When his Lord appeared to the mountain, He levelled

3425:

in authentication of his prophetic status. The literary quality of the Qur'an has been praised by Muslim scholars and by many non-Muslim scholars. The doctrine of the miraculousness of the Quran is further emphasized by Muhammad's illiteracy since the unlettered prophet could not have been suspected

3090:

of Muhammad to the city of Medina on traditional account. However, a sūrah classified as Medinan may contain Meccan verses in it and vice versa. Sūrah names are derived from a name or a character in the text, or from the first letters or words of the sūrah. Chapters are not arranged in chronological

9332:

After examining the verses of the Quran to find where the word mythology has been used and seeking the accordance between the meaning and context with Quran’s purpose of knowledge and guidance, including rules and educational issues, we found that the concept of myth is not acceptable in the Quran.

8523:

The other copies, already in the hands of Muslims in other areas, were collected and sent to Medina where, on orders of the Caliph, they were burnt (or, according to some historians, were destroyed by boiling). Thus several copies were made, one being kept in Medina, one in Mecca, and one each sent

6006:

scripts. Toward the end of the ninth century, new scripts began to appear in copies of the Quran and replace earlier scripts. The reason for discontinuation in the use of the earlier style was that it took too long to produce and the demand for copies was increasing. Copyists would therefore choose

5940:

uses an elaborate system of modified vowel-signs and a set of additional symbols for minute details and is based on ʻAsim's recitation, the 8th-century recitation of Kufa. This edition has become the standard for modern printings of the Quran. Occasionally, an early Quran shows compatibility with a

5852:

The variant readings of the Quran are one type of textual variant. According to Melchert (2008), the majority of disagreements have to do with vowels to supply, most of them in turn not conceivably reflecting dialectal differences and about one in eight disagreements has to do with whether to place

1708:

has been investigating these Quran fragments for years. His research team made 35,000 microfilm photographs of the manuscripts, which he dated to the early part of the 8th century. Puin has noted unconventional verse orderings, minor textual variations, and rare styles of orthography, and suggested

8527:

It is said that beside these five, one copy was also sent to Yemen and one to Bahrein. These copies were called the Imam copies and served as original for all future copies. The only difference of order between these copies and the first volume was that the chapters "Spirits of War" and "Immunity"

7308:

Samuel Pepys: "One feels it difficult to see how any mortal ever could consider this Quran as a Book written in Heaven, too good for the Earth; as a well-written book, or indeed as a book at all; and not a bewildered rhapsody; written, so far as writing goes, as badly as almost any book ever was!"

4898:

that were clear to early Muslims fluent in Arabic and they were concerned with reconciling apparent conflict of themes in the Quran. Commentators erudite in Arabic explained the allusions, and perhaps most importantly, explained which Quranic verses had been revealed early in Muhammad's prophetic

2674:

such as 44, 56, 75, 78, 81 and 101 are directly related to the afterlife and warn people to be prepared for the "imminent" day referred to in various ways. It is 'the Day of Judgment,' 'the Last Day,' 'the Day of Resurrection,' or simply 'the Hour.' Less frequently it is 'the Day of Distinction',

2626:(the final fate of the universe) may be considered the second great doctrine of the Quran. It is estimated that approximately one-third of the Quran is eschatological, dealing with the afterlife in the next world and with the day of judgment at the end of time. The Quran does not assert a natural 1270:

that he believes the graphic descriptions of Muhammad's condition at these moments may be regarded as genuine, because he was severely disturbed after these revelations. According to Welch, these seizures would have been seen by those around him as convincing evidence for the superhuman origin of

9441:

In the early history of Islam there was a lively debate over the true identity of Dhū 'l-Qarnayn. One prominent identification was with an ancient South Arabian Ḥimyarī king, generally referred to in the sources as al-Ṣaʿb b. Dhī Marāthid. Indeed the association of Dhū 'l-Qarnayn with the South

8519:

from amongst the companions, (one of them being Zayd ibn Thābit who had compiled the first volume), produce other copies from the first volume which had been prepared on the orders of the first caliph and which had been kept with Ḥafṣah, the wife of the Prophet and daughter of the second caliph.

6355:, the Prophet-Founder of the Baháʼí Faith, testified to the validity of the Quran, writing, say: "Perused ye not the Qur'án? Read it, that haply ye may find the Truth, for this Book is verily the Straight Path. This is the Way of God unto all who are in the heavens and all who are on the earth." 5735:, where the pronunciation should be long or short, where letters should be sounded together and where they should be kept separate, etc. It may be said that this discipline studies the laws and methods of the proper recitation of the Quran and covers three main areas: the proper pronunciation of 1263:

reported, "I saw the Prophet being inspired Divinely on a very cold day and noticed the sweat dropping from his forehead (as the Inspiration was over)." Muhammad's first revelation, according to the Quran, was accompanied with a vision. The agent of revelation is mentioned as the "one mighty in

2850:

attempting to reconcile this respect with religious beliefs. This is because, according to Edis, true criticism of the Quran is almost non-existent in the Muslim world. While Christianity is less prone to see its Holy Book as the direct word of God, fewer Muslims will compromise on this idea –

1232:

sources, relating Muhammad's use of the Quran as a call to Islam, the making of prayer and the manner of recitation. However, the Quran did not exist in book form at the time of Muhammad's death in 632 at age 61–62. There is agreement among scholars that Muhammad himself did not write down the

11534:: "to produce something which might be accepted as echoing however faintly the sublime rhetoric of the Arabic Koran, I have been at pains to study the intricate and richly varied rhythms which constitute the Koran's undeniable claim to rank amongst the greatest literary masterpieces of mankind 3321:

The language of the Quran has been described as "rhymed prose" as it partakes of both poetry and prose; however, this description runs the risk of failing to convey the rhythmic quality of Quranic language, which is more poetic in some parts and more prose-like in others. Rhyme, while found

4697:. The Quran is never decorated with figurative images, but many Qurans have been highly decorated with decorative patterns in the margins of the page, or between the lines or at the start of suras. Islamic verses appear in many other media, on buildings and on objects of all sizes, such as 4270:

Quran says, "We have sent down the Quran in truth, and with the truth it has come down" and frequently asserts in its text that it is divinely ordained. The Quran speaks of a written pre-text that records God's speech before it is sent down, the "preserved tablet" that is the basis of

3550:. He also added other features developed by himself; the free variation of themes (taṣrīf al-maʿānī), the implication content (taḍmīn) of the expressions and the rhyming closures (fawāṣil). The most famous works on the doctrine of inimitability are two medieval books by the grammarian 4816: 14643:

Christians are often surprised to discover that Jesus is mentioned by name in the Quran more than Muhammad and that Mary is mentioned more times in the Quran than in the New Testament. Both Jesus and Mary play important roles not only in the Quran but also in Muslim piety and

3326:, and there can be no doubt that these passages impressed the conscience of the hearers. Frequently a change of rhyme from one set of verses to another signals a change in the subject of discussion. Later sections also preserve this form but the style is more expository. 5233:

Tabatabaei points out that unacceptable esoteric interpretations of the Quran have been made and defines the acceptable ones as implicit meanings that are ultimately known only by God and cannot be directly understood through human thought alone. As an example, he gives

1554:," whence belief in the corruption of the Quran became untenable vis-a-vis the position of Sunni "orthodoxy". Alleged distortions have been carried out to remove any references to the rights of Ali, the Imams and their supporters and the disapproval of enemies, such as 3580:, proving that the Quran is a work worthy of the emphasized superior place of Muhammad in the history of the prophets, thus gaining polemical superiority over Jews and Christians; Preservation of Arab national pride in the face of confrontation with the Iranian 3329:

The Quranic text seems to have no beginning, middle, or end, its nonlinear structure being akin to a web or net. The textual arrangement is sometimes considered to exhibit lack of continuity, absence of any chronological or thematic order and repetitiousness.

12664: 9659:

In the same way that Abraham‘s interrupted sacrifice of Isaac can be read as an etiological myth explaining the abolition of human sacrifice, just so can the entirety of the Old Testament be understood as a critical rupture with a polytheistic pagan past.

5568:'s translation, among various others. As with translations of the Bible, the English translators have sometimes favored archaic English words and constructions over their more modern or conventional equivalents; for example, two widely read translators, 5400:, education, ideology and knowledge of the people who made them, and efforts to reach the real content are drowned in the details of volumes of commentaries. These distortions can manifest themselves in many areas of belief and practices. 3523: 5874:

It is generally stated that there are small differences between readings. However, these small changes may also include differences that may lead to serious differences in Islam, ranging from the definition of God to practices such as the

4282:

Revered by pious Muslims as "the holy of holies", whose sound moves some to "tears and ecstasy", it is the physical symbol of the faith, the text often used as a charm on occasions of birth, death, marriage. Traditionally, before starting

11542: : "It is as though Muhammad had created an entirely new literary form that some people were not ready for but which thrilled others. Without this experience of the Koran, it is extremely unlikely that Islam would have taken root." 1642:

from what was probably a wider and more varied group of related texts in early transmission.… After the creation of this standardized canonical text, earlier authoritative texts were suppressed, and all extant manuscripts—despite their

2997:, contain fallacies and are unscientific. As of 2008, both Muslims and non-Muslims have disputed whether there actually are "scientific miracles" in the Quran. Muslim critics of the movement include Indian Islamic theologian Maulana 8872:

Religions of the world Lewis M. Hopfe – 1979 "Some Muslims have suggested and practiced textual criticism of the Quran in a manner similar to that practiced by Christians and Jews on their bibles. No one has yet suggested the

6062:. Since it would have been too costly for most Muslims to purchase a manuscript, copies of the Quran were held in mosques in order to make them accessible to people. These copies frequently took the form of a series of 30 parts or 4996: 1690:, manuscript pages from which the text has been washed off to make the parchment reusable again—a practice which was common in ancient times due to the scarcity of writing material. However, the faint washed-off underlying text ( 6442:

He has revealed to you ˹O Prophet˺ the Book in truth, confirming what came before it, as He revealed the Torah and the Gospel previously, as a guide for people, and ˹also˺ revealed the Standard ˹to distinguish between right and

2975:

studying the textbook of Moore and al-Zindani found himself "confused" by "why Moore was so 'astonished by'" the Quranic references, which Rizvi found "vague", and insofar as they were specific, preceded by the observations of

2362:) Characters of the stories can be closed-mythical, (khidr) demi-mythologic or combined characters, and it can also be seen that they are Islamized. While some believe he was a prophet, some researchers equate Luqman with the 2325:

While belief in God and obedience to the prophets are the main emphasis in the prophetic stories, there are also non-prophetic stories in the Quran that emphasize the importance of humility and having profound-inner knowledge

10692: 5112:

According to esoteric interpretors, the inner meaning of the Quran does not eradicate or invalidate its outward meaning. Rather, it is like the soul, which gives life to the body. Corbin considers the Quran to play a part in

4918:

Tafsir is one of the earliest academic activities of Muslims. According to the Quran, Muhammad was the first person who described the meanings of verses for early Muslims. Other early exegetes included the first four caliphs

1967:

is originated and needs an originator, and whatever exists must have a sufficient cause for its existence. Besides, the design of the universe is frequently referred to as a point of contemplation: "It is He who has created

6640:, state that the Quran exerted a particular influence on Arabic literature's diction, themes, metaphors, motifs and symbols and added new expressions and new meanings to old, pre-Islamic words that would become ubiquitous. 2544:

and was widely practiced among Muslims during the lifetime of Muhammad, was abolished in Islam is also an area where Sunni and Shiite understandings conflict as well as the translation / interpretation of the related verse

13242:

There are occasional misinterpretations, mistranslations, and even distortions. Translating the meanings of the Holy Quran has always been challenging for translators, as the Quran has an exoteric and an esoteric meaning.

3039:, which originally means a 'sign' or 'evidence' sent by God. The number of verses differs from sūrah to sūrah. An individual verse may be just a few letters or several lines. The total number of verses in the most popular 3595:; The claim attracted criticism because it included claims against the integrity of the text, which is mostly accepted by Muslims, and the Khalifa was killed by his own student in an assassination possibly organized by a 13583: 990:

itself. Regardless, it had become an Arabic term by Muhammad's lifetime. An important meaning of the word is the 'act of reciting', as reflected in an early Quranic passage: "It is for Us to collect it and to recite it

2346:(Dhulqarnayn). Those who "spend their wealth" on people who are in need because they devoted their lives to the way of Allah and whose situation is unknown because they are ashamed to ask, will be rewarded by Allah. ( 1777:", with commentaries needed to explain what is being referred to—"events are referred to, but not narrated; disagreements are debated without being explained; people and places are mentioned, but rarely named." While 4353:

and the truth of the religion. For this reason, in traditional Islamic societies, great importance was given to children memorizing the Quran, and those who memorized the entire Quran were honored with the title of

1264:

power," the one who "grew clear to view when he was on the uppermost horizon. Then he drew nigh and came down till he was (distant) two bows' length or even nearer." The Islamic studies scholar Welch states in the

2415:" and "qubh". The word ma’ruf literally means "known" or what is approved because of its familiarity for a certain society and its antithesis munkar means what is disapproved because it is unknown and extraneous. 1720:, England. According to the tests carried out by the Oxford University Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, "with a probability of more than 95%, the parchment was from between 568 and 645". The manuscript is written in 5999:

style manuscripts nevertheless confirm that transmission of the Quran in writing began at an early stage. Probably in the ninth century, scripts began to feature thicker strokes, which are traditionally known as

11709:

Muslims believe that Muhammad's many divine encounters during his years in Mecca and Medina inspired the remainder of the Qur'an, which, nearly fourteen centuries later, remains the Arabic language's preeminent

7665:

9953:“Whosoever of you sees an evil, let him change it with his hand; and if he is not able to do so, then with his tongue; and if he is not able to do so, then with his heart — and that is the weakest of faith.” 6232:, who printed his first book in 1729. Except for books in Hebrew and European languages, which were unrestricted, very few books, and no religious texts, were printed in the Ottoman Empire for another century. 5108:

The Quran possesses an external appearance and a hidden depth, an exoteric meaning and an esoteric meaning. This esoteric meaning in turn conceals an esoteric meaning. So it goes on for seven esoteric meanings.

3562:('the Secrets of Eloquence'). Al Jurjani believed that Qur'an's eloquence must be a certain special quality in the manner of its stylistic arrangement and composition or a certain special way of joining words. 4784: 3322:

throughout the Quran, is conspicuous in many of the earlier Meccan suras, in which relatively short verses throw the rhyming words into prominence. The effectiveness of such a form is evident for instance in

2669:

In the Quran belief in the afterlife is often referred in conjunction with belief in God: "Believe in God and the last day" emphasizing what is considered impossible is easy in the sight of God. A number of

1772:

also appear in the Quran. The Quranic verses contain general exhortations regarding right and wrong and historical events are related to outline general moral lessons. The style of the Quran has been called

6346:

view the Quran as holy. In the Baháʼí Faith, the Quran is accepted as authentic revelation from God along with the revelations of the other world religions, Islam being a stage within the divine process of

5611: 2476:

is used for clear imperative provisions based on the Quran. However, it is not possible to say that the relevant verses are understood in the same way by all segments of Islamic commentators; For example,

17143: 4311:

It must never rest beneath other books, but always on top of them, one must never drink or smoke when it is being read aloud, and it must be listened to in silence. It is a talisman against disease and

4326:

became a matter of fierce debate among religious scholars; and with the involvement of the political authority in the discussions, some Muslim religious scholars who stood against the political stance

10363:

Gontowska, Luiza Maria, "Human Rights Violations Under the Sharia'a : A Comparative Study of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran" (2005). Honors College Theses. Paper 13.

4630:

Respect for the written text of the Quran is an important element of religious faith by many Muslims, and the Quran is treated with reverence. Based on tradition and a literal interpretation of Quran

2884:", and began to be distributed through Muslim bookstores and websites. The movement contends that the Quran abounds with "scientific facts" that appeared centuries before their discovery and promotes 3481:; (poet)" connotes the meaning of a man of inspirational knowledge, of unseen powers. `To the early Arabs poetry was ṣihr ḥalāl and the poet was a genius who had supernatural communications with the 8327: 5811:

refers to a slow recitation that deploys heightened technical artistry and melodic modulation, as in public performances by trained experts. It is directed to and dependent upon an audience for the

4385:) might access, as "heirs of the prophets". For this reason, direct reading of the Quran or applications based on its literal translations are considered problematic except for some groups such as 2729:

9) thrown at demons that illegally ascend to the sky; When the time of judgment comes, they spill onto the earth, but this does not mean that life on earth ends; People run left and right in fear.(

1475:. That text became the model from which copies were made and promulgated throughout the urban centers of the Muslim world, and other versions are believed to have been destroyed. and the six other 5560:

in 1955. All these translators were non-Muslims. There have been numerous translations by Muslims. Popular modern English translations by Muslims include The Oxford World Classic's translation by

4484: 1603:. Until the early 1970s, non-Muslim scholars of Islam —while not accepting traditional explanations for divine intervention— accepted the above-mentioned traditional origin story in most details. 6604:

is mentioned more in the Quran than any other individual. Jesus is mentioned more often in the Quran than Muhammad (by name—Muhammad is often alluded to as "The Prophet" or "The Apostle"), while

984:), which refers to 'scripture reading' or 'lesson'. While some Western scholars consider the word to be derived from the Syriac, the majority of Muslim authorities hold the origin of the word is 10199: 3489:, the muses who inspired him.’ Although pre-Islamic Arabs gave poets status associated with suprahuman beings, soothsayers and prophecies were seen as persons of lower status. Contrary to later 417:. It summarizes some, dwells at length on others and, in some cases, presents alternative accounts and interpretations of events. The Quran describes itself as a book of guidance for humankind ( 5779:, were highly influential in the development of current styles of recitation. Southeast Asia is well known for world-class recitation, evidenced in the popularity of the woman reciters such as 2438:

by legislating on matters of marriage, divorce, and inheritance. A number of practices, such as usury and gambling, are prohibited. The Quran is one of the fundamental sources of Islamic law (

15569:

A challenge to Islam for reformation: the rediscovery and reliable reconstruction of a comprehensive pre-Islamic Christian hymnal hidden in the Koran under earliest Islamic reinterpretations

10493:) will unite with Islam, the former in the role of follower and the latter in the form of leader, and the great spiritual energy of these joint forces will defeat the powers of ungodliness. 4796: 4659:, have been concerned with the Quran or have their foundation in its teachings. Muslims believe that the preaching or reading of the Quran is rewarded with divine rewards variously called 2493:, who do not doubt that the Quran existing today is a religious source, infer from the same verses that it is clearly ordered to pray 2 or 3 times, not 5 times. About six verses adress to 5639: 5506:

translated the Quran into Persian. The manuscripts of all three books have survived and have been published several times. In 1936, translations in 102 languages were known. In 2010, the

5890:, is famous for establishing seven acceptable textual readings of the Quran. He studied various readings and their trustworthiness and chose seven 8th-century readers from the cities of 4758: 5731:

which determines in detail how the Quran should be recited, how each individual syllable is to be pronounced, the need to pay attention to the places where there should be a pause, to

1800: 6243:, with one Mullah Osman Ismail responsible for producing the Arabic types. A Quran was printed with this press in 1787, reprinted in 1790 and 1793 in Saint Petersburg, and in 1803 in 13455: 10696: 3349:

by explaining, classifying, interpreting and justifying the words to be transmitted. Self-referentiality is evident in those passages where the Quran refers to itself as revelation (

1659: 4358:. Even today, millions of Muslims frequently refer to the Quran to justify their actions and desires", and see it as the source of scientific knowledge, though some refer to it as 2896:

movement has created a "global craze in Muslim societies", and has developed into an industry that is "widespread and well-funded". Individuals connected with the movement include

12482: 8757:"Revelation and Falsification: The Kitab al-qira'at of Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Sayyari: Critical Edition with an Introduction and Notes by Etan Kohlberg and Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi" 6066:. In terms of productivity, the Ottoman copyists provide the best example. This was in response to widespread demand, unpopularity of printing methods and for aesthetic reasons. 5265:('Truths of Exegesis') is a compilation of commentaries of earlier Sufis. From the 11th century onwards several other works appear, including commentaries by Qushayri (d. 1074), 3318:

structures that assist the audience's efforts to recall the message of the text. Muslims assert (according to the Quran itself) that the Quranic content and style is inimitable.

4413:; will open the closed expressions and try to guide the believers. There is no standardization in Qur'an translations, and interpretations range from traditional scholastic, to 13591: 5423:

containing verses from the Quran. In early centuries, the permissibility of translations was not an issue, but whether one could use translations in prayer. The Quran has been

4373:. On the other hand it is believed in Muslim community that full understanding of it can only be possible with the depths obtained in the basic and religious sciences that the 13637: 9872: 9178:

Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives 8 June 632, the dominant Islamic tradition. Many earlier (mainly non-Islamic) traditions refer to him as still alive at the time of the

2338:

and Dhulqarnayn. According to the later ascriptions to these stories, it is possible for those with this knowledge and divine support to teach the prophets (Khidr-Moses story

5379:

Translating the Quran has always been problematic and difficult. Many argue that the Quranic text cannot be reproduced in another language or form. An Arabic word may have a

13669: 11238: 6228:

between 1483 and 1726—initially, even on penalty of death. The Ottoman ban on printing in Arabic script was lifted in 1726 for non-religious texts only upon the request of

6079: 13606: 12690: 7281:

For both the claim that variant readings are still transmitted and the claim that no such critical edition has been produced, see Gilliot, C., "Creation of a fixed text"

2592:. However, today, this understanding is questioned in certain circles, it is claimed that the provisions and contents in sources such as the Quran and hadith, apart from 2376:(Ar. ٱلْأَمْرُ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ وَٱلنَّهْيُ عَنِ ٱلْمُنْكَرِ) is repeated or referred to in nearly 30 verses in different contexts in the Quran and is an important part of 1538:

which indicate the distortion of the Quran and according to Etan Kohlberg, this belief about Quran was common among Shiites in the early centuries of Islam. In his view,

15856: 2959:". Zafar Ishaq Ansari terms the modern trend of claiming the identification of "scientific truths" in the Quran as the "scientific exegesis" of the holy book. In 1983, 2822:

are of the view that any reawakening of the Muslim civilization must start with the Quran; however, the biggest obstacle on this route is the "centuries old heritage of

1997:). God's omnipotence appears above all in his power to create. He is the creator of everything, of the heavens and the earth and what is between them (see, e.g., Quran 13342: 7255:

There is some disagreement among early Muslim sources disagree over who was the first to collect the narrations. At least one source credits Salim, the freed slave of

6069:

Whilst the majority of Islamic scribes were men, some women also worked as scholars and copyists; one such woman who made a copy of this text was the Moroccan jurist,

5181:

Suffering in Sufism is a tool for spiritual maturation, a person must give up his own existence and find his existence in the being he love (God), as can be seen in

20662: 5383:

depending on the context, making an accurate translation difficult. Moreover, one of the biggest difficulties in understanding the Quran for those who do not know

4734: 3465:

experience; the aesthetic experience of reciting and hearing the Qur’ān is often regarded as one of the main reasons behind conversion to Islam in the early days.

6295:

Regarding the claim of divine origin, critics refer to preexisting sources, not only taken from the Bible, supposed to be older revelations of God, but also from

20544: 7741: 5882:

The first Quranic manuscripts lacked marks, enabling multiple possible recitations to be conveyed by the same written text. The 10th-century Muslim scholar from

2399:

should be the key words in understanding the Quran in moral terms as a duty that the Quran imposes on believers. Although a common translation of the phrase is "

1349:

and that they do not change the meaning of the Qur'an, the purpose of which was to make the Qur'an easy for recitation and memorization among the different Arab

5307:('the Spirit of Elucidation') is a voluminous exegesis written in Arabic, combines the author's own ideas with those of his predecessors (notably Ibn Arabi and 3221:

In addition of the division into chapters, there are various ways of dividing Quran into parts of approximately equal length for convenience in reading. The 30

2015:, etc.). All human beings are equal in their utter dependence upon God, and their well-being depends upon their acknowledging that fact and living accordingly. 19912: 11667:

It may be affirmed that within the literature of the Arabs, wide and fecund as it is both in poetry and in elevated prose, there is nothing to compare with it.

7637:

It may be affirmed that within the literature of the Arabs, wide and fecund as it is both in poetry and in elevated prose, there is nothing to compare with it.

2901: 2777: 5750:

In order to avoid incorrect pronunciation, reciters follow a program of training with a qualified teacher. The two most popular texts used as references for

2690:

is "a sign of the hour." Despite the uncertainty of the time is emphasized with the statement that it is only in the presence of God,(43:61) there is a rich

2095:) "Nothing is said to you that was not said to the messengers before you, that your lord has at his Command forgiveness as well as a most Grievous Penalty." 11812: 5194:

it to dust and Moses collapsed unconscious. When he recovered, he cried, "Glory be to You! I turn to You in repentance and I am the first of the believers."

5933: 9348:: "It is generally agreed both by Muslim commentators and modéra occidental scholars that Dhu ’l-Ḳarnayn is to be identified with Alexander the Great." 20529: 15879: 10494: 10464: 5162:) and metaphysical dimensions of existence and consciousness. According to Sands, esoteric interpretations are more suggestive than declarative, and are 2634:, since man's existence is dependent on the will of God: when he wills, he causes man to die; and when he wills, he raises him to life again in a bodily 1751: 1307:, if Muhammad had mastered writing and reading he possibly would have been suspected of having studied the books of the ancestors. Some scholars such as 1010:

is recited, listen to it and keep silent." The word may also assume the meaning of a codified scripture when mentioned with other scriptures such as the

807: 14147: 4890:), aimed at explaining the "meanings of the Quranic verses, clarifying their import and finding out their significance." Because the Quran is spoken in 4349:, it is protected from corruption ("Indeed, it is We who sent down the Quran and indeed, We will be its guardians"). Muslims consider the Quran to be a 2846:

wrote many Muslims appreciate technology and respect the role that science plays in its creation. As a result, he says there is a great deal of Islamic

2091:"prophethood") is seen as a duty imposed by God on individuals who have some characteristics such as intelligence, honesty, fortitude and justice. (See: 4967:

and, occasionally, interpretation of one verse with the help of the other. If the verse was about a historical event, then sometimes a few traditions (

3449:, depicted with his face hidden. Historians, such as A. J. Wensinck and Denis Gril, reject the historicity of it, arguing that the Quran itself denies 4365:

Muslims believe the Quran to be God's literal words, a complete code of life, the final revelation to humanity, a work of divine guidance revealed to

2790:), "Behold in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of night and day, there are indeed signs for men of understanding ..." ( 201: 5277:(d. 1234). These works include material from Sulami's books plus the author's contributions. Many works are written in Persian such as the works of 20628: 5914:, rather than six or ten, but this may be related to a prophetic tradition (Muhammad's saying) reporting that the Quran had been revealed in seven 8672:

The Codification of the Qur'an Text A Comprehensive Study of the Original Collection of the Qur'an Text and the Early Surviving Qur'an Manuscripts

5675: 1481:

of the Qur'an fell out of use. The present form of the Quran text is accepted by Muslim scholars to be the original version compiled by Abu Bakr.

1283:. Welch additionally states that it remains uncertain whether these experiences occurred before or after Muhammad's initial claim of prophethood. 15849: 11762: 5663: 5623: 5598: 1682:, manuscripts "consisting of 12,000 pieces" were discovered that were later proven to be the oldest Quranic text known to exist at the time. The 13305: 12554: 11367: 7290:

Scholars disagree on the exact number but this is a disagreement over "the placing of the divisions between the verese, not on the text itself."

1709:

that some of the parchments were palimpsests which had been reused. Puin believed that this implied an evolving text as opposed to a fixed one.

21275: 17306: 15219: 11679: 2994: 13373: 1427:, any written work containing divine teachings) and from men who knew it by heart is recorded in earlier narratives. In 644, Muhammad's widow 14534: 12789:"Interpreting the Qur'an and the Constitution: Similarities in the Use of Text, Tradition, and Reason in Islamic and American Jurisprudence" 12711:

Mir, Mustansir. (1995). "Tafsīr". In John L. Esposito. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

11792: 8075: 6315:. The Quran acknowledges that accusations of borrowing popular ancient fables were being made against Muhammad. Due to its rejection of the 1148:('written work') is often used to refer to particular Quranic manuscripts but is also used in the Quran to identify earlier revealed books. 15070: 13465: 13065: 7224:

Hadith are primarily from Muhammad but some are from those closest to him. Muslim scholars have worked carefully to authenticate them; see

3572:: The necessity of explaining some challenging verses in the Quran; In the context of the emergence of the theory of "proofs of prophecy" ( 654: 11144: 6251:(1828), a translation in Turkish was printed in Cairo in 1842, and the first officially sanctioned Ottoman edition was finally printed in 2741:) comes and shows his shin; looks are fearful, are invited to prostration; but those invited in the past but stayed away, cannot do this.( 1216:

regained their freedom after they had taught some of the Muslims the simple writing of the time. Thus a group of Muslims gradually became

20559: 12572: 6281:. This edition was the result of a long preparation, as it standardized Quranic orthography, and it remains the basis of later editions. 5420: 5152:('interpretation'). Commentators with an esoteric slant believe that the ultimate meaning of the Quran is known only to God. Esoteric or 11759:"Chronology of the Qur'an According to Theodor Nöldeke and Sir William Muir (Analysis of the History of the Qur'an and Life of Mahomet)" 10172: 9740: 9714: 4715: 3275:), for it to be recited in a week. A different structure is provided by semantic units resembling paragraphs and comprising roughly ten 21358: 15842: 14256:"Alcorani textus universus ex correctioribus Arabum exemplaribus summa fide, atque pulcherrimis characteribus descriptus, vol. 2, p. i" 14074: 6113: 5239:

to express." He also claims that the Shiite belief that Muhammad and the innocent imams could know the interpretation of these verses (

4343:

Muslims believe that the present Quranic text corresponds to that revealed to Muhammad, and according to their interpretation of Quran

11842: 10511: 5508: 3074:

whose story is told without naming in the Quran, lying in a garden, facing a hoopoe, Solomon's messenger. Persian miniature (c. 1595).

2971:

with Islamic Additions, interspersed pages of "embryology-related Quranic verse and hadith" by al-Zindani into Moore's original work.

372:

served as scribes, recording the revelations. Shortly after Muhammad's death, the Quran was compiled on the order of the first caliph

20949: 20633: 20549: 10549:

7439 In-book reference: Book 97, Hadith 65 USC-MSA web (English) reference: Vol. 9, Book 93, Hadith 532 (deprecated numbering scheme)

7737: 6098: 1359:

out of the seven survived and is still in use, which is believed to be the Quraysh dialect. While Sunni Muslims believe in the seven

13655: 13488: 9879: 21353: 20650: 17043: 12686: 7318:"Few have failed to be convinced that … the Quran is … the words of Muhammad, perhaps even dictated by him after their recitation." 7246:"Few have failed to be convinced that … the Quran is … the words of Muhammad, perhaps even dictated by him after their recitation." 4993:

were added to explanations in later periods, and schools of exegesis were formed criticizing each other's sources and methodology.

3469:

was an element of challenge, propaganda and warfare, and those who incapacitated their opponents from doing the same in feṣāḥa and

801: 13677: 11923: 11247: 9154: 4894:, many of the later converts to Islam (mostly non-Arabs) did not always understand the Quranic Arabic, they did not catch intense 3310:

The Quran's message is conveyed with various literary structures and devices. In the original Arabic, the suras and verses employ

3091:

order, rather the chapters appear to be arranged roughly in order of decreasing size. Each sūrah except the ninth starts with the

1190:

during one of his isolated retreats to the mountains. Thereafter, he received revelations over a period of 23 years. According to

20613: 20534: 6628:

wrote one of the earliest books on Arabic grammar, referred to as "Al-Kitab", which relied heavily on the language in the Quran.

5853:

dots above or below the line. Nasser categorizes variant readings into various subtypes, including internal vowels, long vowels,

5788: 4002: 13614: 8688: 6386: 6348: 20554: 19502: 15728: 2832:

argues that Islam's lag behind the West in scientific advancement after (roughly) 1500 AD was due to opposition by traditional

1025:

that are employed throughout the Quran. Each synonym possesses its own distinct meaning, but its use may converge with that of

5226:

of the Quran, concerns certain truths that transcend the comprehension of ordinary people beyond the signs of words. A law, a

2657:

2:10–14: also mentioned with the same name (jannāt ʿadn) in the Quran, with the difference is that it was not the place where

1224:(also usually transliterated as Surah) were in use amongst early Muslims since they are mentioned in numerous sayings by both 1140:('The Book'), though it is also used in the Arabic language for other scriptures, such as the Torah and the Gospels. The term 20564: 20521: 15698: 15677: 15655: 15600: 15590: 15576: 15529: 15500: 15481: 15462: 15419: 15384: 15365: 15343: 15324: 15302: 15283: 15264: 15229: 15139: 15113: 15032: 14979: 14934: 14890: 14853: 14722: 14703: 14636: 14606: 14548: 14498: 14404: 14379: 14294: 14094: 14022: 13995: 13965: 13807: 13751: 13700: 13649: 13526: 13408: 13228: 13096: 12945: 12920: 12851: 12749: 12735: 12379: 12352: 12329: 12179: 12147: 12011: 11738: 11702: 11515: 11471: 11312: 11078: 10448: 10409: 10274: 10031: 10003: 9938: 9831: 9752: 9483: 9434: 9409: 9377: 9234: 8825: 8391: 8148: 8059: 8034: 8006: 7919: 7880: 7721: 7691: 7658: 7393: 6472: 6197:

and Alessandro Paganini. But this Quran was not used as it contained a large number of errors. Two more editions include the

5323:

style of some ex-Muslims who have converted to Christianity. Their style or reinterpretation can sometimes be geared towards

3889: 1735: 1339:(meaning letters; however, it could mean dialects, forms, styles or modes). Most Islamic scholars agree that these different 1292:", which is traditionally interpreted as 'illiterate', but the meaning is rather more complex. Medieval commentators such as 16630: 13827: 13350: 12878: 10072: 9196: 325:, when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632, the year of his death. Muslims regard the Quran as Muhammad's most important 17640: 13424: 12996: 5747:), the rules of pause in recitation and of resumption of recitation, and the musical and melodious features of recitation. 5274: 5148: 5067: 4422: 4397:

are brought fore to correct understandings in it. With a classical approach, scholars will discuss verses of the Qur'an in

3150:

figuring at the beginning of 29 out of the 114 chapters of the Quran just after the basmala. The letters are also known as

2691: 781: 430:

Supplementing the Quran with explanations for some cryptic Quranic narratives, and rulings that also provide the basis for

13280: 11745:

Throughout history, many Arab Christians as well have regarded it as the perfection of the Arabic language and literature.

8211: 7698:

Throughout history, many Arab Christians as well have regarded it as the perfection of the Arabic language and literature.

6070: 3417:

has a miraculous quality, both in content and in form, that no human speech can match. According to this, the Qur'an is a

1220:. As it was initially spoken, the Quran was recorded on tablets, bones, and the wide, flat ends of date palm fronds. Most 18458: 15757: 11064: 9039:

Bergmann, Uwe; Sadeghi, Behnam (September 2010). "The Codex of a Companion of the Prophet and the Qurān of the Prophet".

6709: 4899:

career, as being appropriate to the very earliest Muslim community, and which had been revealed later, canceling out or "

4851: 4636:("none shall touch but those who are clean"), some Muslims believe that they must perform a ritual cleansing with water ( 2641: 2400: 2396: 1651:

Although most variant readings of the text of the Quran have ceased to be transmitted, some still are. There has been no

747: 517: 13363:

C.E. Bosworth. Encyclopedia of Islam 2nd ed, Brill. "Al-Tabari, Abu Djafar Muhammad b. Djarir b. Yazid", Vol. 10, p. 14.

10856: 3522:

circles, which emphasized only its literary aspect, and were adopted by other religious groups. According to grammarian

2812:)." He associates some scientific contradictions that can be seen in the Quran with a superficial reading of the Quran. 2596:, are contents that reflect the general understanding and practices of that period, and it is brought up to replace the 14958: 14460: 13837: 11046: 10660: 10224: 9317: 6998: 5941:

particular reading. A Syrian manuscript from the 8th century is shown to have been written according to the reading of

1053:('scripture'); the latter two terms also denote units of revelation. In the large majority of contexts, usually with a 14200: 10495:

http://risaleinur.com/studies/131-conferences/2000/3967-the-apocalypse-in-the-teachings-of-bediuzzaman-said-nursi.html

6359:

may also seek inspiration from the Quran. It has been suggested that the Quran has some narrative similarities to the

2175:; 100–107) which he accepted as the will of GOD. In Judaism the story is perceived as a narrative designed to replace 20416: 20370: 20030: 20024: 17855: 17554: 15553: 15522:

The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments

14770: 14747: 14672: 14354: 14057: 12658: 11660: 11329: 11280: 11196: 11168: 10155: 9860: 9644: 8981: 8630: 8252: 7065: 6699: 5342: 4836: 4538:

The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those who have evoked anger or of those who are astray.

4067: 3494: 2290: 2188: 1930: 1378: 742: 737: 14758: 13035: 12441: 12137: 7154:

was most predominant from the second half of the 18th century till the 1980s, when it has been superseded by either

21296: 20287: 20143: 19678: 19574: 16634: 16392: 14882: 8176:

Günther, Sebastian (2002). "Muhammad, the Illiterate Prophet: An Islamic Creed in the Quran and Quranic Exegesis".

6597: 6585: 3667: 2840:." He claims that they believed such laws were blasphemous because they limit "God's freedom to act" as He wishes. 2748:

Some researchers have no hesitation that many doomsday concepts, some of which are also used in the Quran, such as

2561: 2236: 2054: 620: 330: 308: 144: 16922: 11592:

Vasalou, Sophia (2002). "The Miraculous Eloquence of the Qur'an: General Trajectories and Individual Approaches".

3047:

are counted separately. According to one estimate the Quran consists of 77,430 words, 18,994 unique words, 12,183

1134:; 'something sent down', signifying the descent of an object from a higher place to lower place). Another term is 20771: 20587: 14695:

The Religion and Rituals of the Nomads of Pre-Islamic Arabia: A Reconstruction Based on the Safaitic Inscriptions

13257:"Ideologic Presuppositions Behind Translation: A Case Study of the Orientalist English Translations of the Quran" 12196: 11805: 9102: 7006: 6436: 4249: 3345:

when it speaks about itself and makes reference to itself. According to Stefan Wild, the Quran demonstrates this

3146:, 'disjoined letters, disconnected letters'; also 'mysterious letters') are combinations of between one and five 1839: 913: 793: 637: 406: 13892:

Rabb, Intisar (2006). "Non-Canonical Readings of the Qur'an: Recognition and Authenticity (The Ḥimṣī Reading)".

13274:"The ideological factor in the translation of sensitive issues from the Quran into English, Spanish and Catalan" 11979:

Eric Anderson, "Slain Islamic leader was outspoken; Khalifa's teachings from Tucson angered Muslims worldwide",

10918: 4466:

and on other occasions. This sura, which consists of seven verses, is the most often recited sura of the Quran:

2721:

as perceived in the Quran: While the stars are lamps illuminating the sky in ordinary cases, turns into stones (

20836: 20394: 20292: 15715: 15645: 14520: 9290: 6131: 4940: 4194: 2694:

in the Islamic world and doomsday prophecies in the Islamic world are heavily associated with "round" numbers.

2497:

when walk in public; Muslim scholars have differed as how to understand these verses, with some stating that a

1862:, who emphasize the mythological content of the Quran, are met with rejectionist attitudes in Islamic circles. 1365:, some Shia reject the idea of seven Qur'anic variants. A common misconception is that The seven ahruf and the 1208:

to recite the Quran and to learn and teach the laws, which were revealed daily. It is related that some of the

1179: 859: 503: 333:, and the culmination of a series of divine messages starting with those revealed to the first Islamic prophet 15805: 9661: 9333:

The result of this study show that Quran is not a myth, rather the stories are factual and based on reality.

5937: 5222:

indicates the specific meaning to which a verse is addressed. In Tabatabaei's view, ta'wil, or what is called

2874:

Starting in the 1970s and 80s, the idea of presence of scientific evidence in the Quran became popularized as

20942: 20204: 19963: 19698: 18317: 17861: 14155: 11638: 9179: 8130: 7267: 7256: 6694: 5512:

reported that the Quran was presented in 112 languages at the 18th International Quran Exhibition in Tehran.

5472:

The first fully attested complete translations of the Quran were done between the 10th and 12th centuries in

5213: 3938: 3018: 3009:, president of Center for Islam and Science in Alberta, Canada, and Egyptian Muslim scholar Khaled Montaser. 1670:

to date. The double layer reveals additions to the original text and multiple differences with today's Quran.

1259:

narrates Muhammad describing the revelations as, "Sometimes it is (revealed) like the ringing of a bell" and

1161: 569: 18169: 17049: 13955: 13517: 13219: 11296: 10399: 9473: 9384:

Many Mediaeval scholars argued against the identification, though. Cf., e.g., the discussion in al-Maqrizi,

2870:

on the surface of the Moon, has been claimed on Internet forums to be evidence of the splitting of the Moon.

21348: 21338: 20756: 20733: 20353: 20209: 20199: 20105: 19816: 16672: 13800:

The Transmission of the Variant Readings of the Quran: The Problem of Tawatur and the Emergence of Shawdhdh

13557: 7453: 6990: 6766: 5772: 5695: 3970: 2435: 1530:

was gathered and compiled by Muhammad during his lifetime. It is claimed that the Shia had more than 1,000

360:

to be God's own divine speech providing a complete code of conduct across all facets of life. This has led

14948: 14230: 13607:"A Meeting with the Egyptian Giants, al-Minshāwī, al-Huṣrī, Muṣṭafā Ismāʿīl and ʿAbdul-Bāsit ʿAbdus-Ṣamad" 13256: 12648: 10737: 10200:"Opinion: As Muslim women, we actually ask you not to wear the hijab in the name of interfaith solidarity" 6980: 5297:

which some consider a kind of Sufi interpretation of the Quran. Simnani (d. 1336) tried reconciliation of

3162:), or 'openers', as they form the opening verse of their respective suras. Four suras are named for their 21183: 20858: 20723: 20539: 20307: 20100: 19535: 19024: 17275: 17266: 15960: 14733: 11793:

https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/75126557/Siddiqui2018PoetryProphecyAndTheAngelicVoice.pdf

11624:. Edited by: P. Bearman , Th. Bianquis , C. E. Bosworth , E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. 10820:

Ansari, Zafar Ishaq (2001). "Scientific Exegesis of the Qur'an / ‮التفسير العلمي للقرآن‬".

9758: 9280: 9012:"'The Qur'an: Text, Interpretation and Translation' Third Biannual SOAS Conference, 16–17 October 2003". 6771: 6637: 6007:

simpler writing styles. Beginning in the 11th century, the styles of writing employed were primarily the

5985:

Before printing was widely adopted in the 19th century, the Quran was transmitted in manuscripts made by

5026:

There have been several commentaries of the Quran by scholars of all denominations, popular ones include

4017: 3844: 2718: 2034: 1713: 1615: 1391:

Following Muhammad's death in 632, a number of his companions who memorized the Quran were killed in the

544: 361: 80: 10999: 9979:

T. Izutsu, Ethico-Religious Concepts in the Qur’an, London, McGillQueen’s University Press, 2002, p. 213

7529: 2588:). The guidance of the Quran and Muhammad is considered absolute, universal and will continue until the 21323: 20618: 20501: 20018: 19495: 17491: 14538: 14514: 13309: 11503: 10225:"Conflict and Conflict Resolution in the pre-Islamic Arab Society | SADIK KIRAZLI | download" 7225: 7014: 5864: 5524: 5227: 4057: 2213:

and her servants, having finished bathing finds one of the prominent prophet figures in the Quran baby

2038: 1588: 17509: 11758: 6262: 4822:

The leaves from Quran written in gold and contoured with brown ink with a horizontal format suited to

1700:

indicate that the parchments are dated to the period before 671 CE with a 99 percent probability. The

21328: 20698: 20399: 20228: 19924: 19704: 19667: 17446: 16274: 15429: 15165: 15123: 14901: 14255: 13584:"Khalaf from Hamzah – A look at the features of recitation of al-Qur'an by Shahzada Husain Bhaisaheb" 13031: 12992: 12874: 12558: 12270: 11375: 11212: 10766: 8756: 8736:

HADDADIAN ABDORREZA; MOADDAB SEYYED REZA. "A STUDY ON TRADITIONS OF DISTORTION IN AYYASHI EXEGESIS".

7584: 7550: 7520: 7467: 7209:

should probably be interpreted in the light of IV, 105, where it is said that "Muhammad is to judge (

7022: 7020: 7012: 7004: 6996: 6988: 6182: 6059: 5963: 5868: 4152: 3864: 3466: 1582: 369: 84: 19473:

Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)

19047: 17296: 5055: 423:). It sometimes offers detailed accounts of specific historical events, and it often emphasizes the 21343: 20935: 20853: 20582: 20406: 20179: 19717: 19344: 18446: 18134: 18034: 15161: 14837: 14041: 13460: 8122: 6553: 6372: 6368: 6256: 4084: 3884: 3450: 3386: 3210:, those letters are Quranic initials for a hypothetical mathematical code in the Quran, namely the 3106:), an Arabic phrase meaning 'In the name of God.' There are, however, still 114 occurrences of the 2915:

Enthusiasts of the movement argue that among the miracles found in the Quran are "everything, from

1956: 1842:, are included in the Quran with small allusions, references or sometimes small narratives such as 1717: 1443: 462:. During the month of Ramadan, Muslims typically complete the recitation of the whole Quran during 326: 15829: 15592:

The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran: a contribution to the decoding of the language of the Koran

14599:

The Syro-Aramaic reading of the Koran: a contribution to the decoding of the language of the Koran

12832:"The Anthropology of Islamic Law: Education, Ethics, and Legal Interpretation at Egypt's Al-Azhar" 10120:"10. How Can we Observe the Sala Prayers by Following the Quran Alone? - Edip-Layth - quranix.org" 9905: 2989:

Critics argue, verses that proponents say explain modern scientific facts, about subjects such as

2686:

will break through their ancient barrier wall and sweep down to scourge the earth (21:96-97); and

20991: 20962: 20716: 19590: 17133: 16876: 16536: 14117: 11730: 11038: 8083: 7683: 7589: 7555: 7525: 7472: 5648: 5539: 5533: 5503: 4948: 4944: 4827: 4405:

in islamic literature, as well as language and linguistics; will pass it through filters such as

4272: 3679: 3551: 2968: 2916: 2897: 1562: 19744: 18209: 17992: 17071: 16510: 15778: 15724: 13073: 11954: 10574: 7363:

Qira’at: All except for ʻAsem, Al-Kesa’i, Yaʻqub and Khalaf in one of his narrations read it as

5887: 1972:

in harmony. You cannot see any fault in God's creation; then look again: Can you see any flaw?"

942: 21333: 21041: 20868: 20797: 20766: 20706: 19688: 19683: 19601: 19040: 18290: 17545: 17486: 17376: 16856: 16247: 15252: 14809: 14537:(2002). "On pre-Islamic Christian strophic poetical texts in the Koran". In Warraq, Ibn (ed.). 12595: 11620: 10319:"A Comparative Study of Islamic Feminist and Traditional Shiʿi Approaches to Qurʾanic Exegesis" 8912:

Donner, Fred M. (2014). "Review: Textual Criticism and Qurʾān Manuscripts, by Keith E. Small".

8840:

For searching the Arabic text on the internet and writing, see "Cyberspace and the Qur'an", by

7946: 7441: 6984: 6976: 6724: 6356: 6296: 6290: 5929: 5553: 5493: 5043: 4982: 4952: 4936: 4133: 3899: 3506: 2998: 2881: 1893:

are more detailed and longer stories. Apart from semi-historical events and characters such as

1535: 1527: 1517: 1266: 869: 854: 59: 31: 14902:"Pilgrimage in Pre-Islamic Arabia: Continuity and Rupture from Epigraphic Texts to the Qur'an" 14372:

The Palgrave Dictionary of Transnational History: From the mid-19th century to the present day

14045: 13985: 12580: 12369: 12342: 10381: 10145: 9307: 8942:

Melchert, Christopher (2000). "Ibn Mujahid and the Establishment of Seven Qur'anic Readings".

8513:

Since the word of God seemed threatened with alteration, the caliph ordered that five of the

7375:

Qira’at: All except for ʻAsem, Al-Kesa’i, Yaʻqub and Khalaf in one of his narrations read as

6352: 1502:

which is a way and method of reciting the Qur'an was developed sometime afterwards. There are

630: 442:, the Quran is recited only in Arabic. Someone who has memorized the entire Quran is called a 21202: 20814: 20792: 19611: 19488: 18545: 18414: 18311: 17106: 16973: 16762: 16666: 16521: 16434: 16146: 15911: 15641: 15450: 15065: 14660: 14486: 14342: 14284: 14012: 13947: 13723: 12040: 11507: 11268: 11148: 10886: 10438: 10176: 9928: 9708: 9309:

Historia and fabula: myths and legends in historical thought from antiquity to the modern age

8994: 8607: 8524:

to Sham (a territory now divided into Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Jordan), Kufa and Basra.

8414: 7597: 7563: 6729: 6633: 6549: 6529: 6521: 6376: 6308: 6047: 5561: 5469:) by the orders of Abdullah bin Umar bin Abdul Aziz on the request of the Hindu Raja Mehruk. 5240: 4879: 4406: 4398: 4330: 4128: 3953: 3737: 3692: 3446: 3203: 2278: 2153: 2111: 2042: 1952: 1627: 1329: 1276: 1271:

Muhammad's inspirations. However, Muhammad's critics accused him of being a possessed man, a

529: 451: 17: 14626: 13987:

Islam: essays on scripture, thought and society: a festschrift in honour of Anthony H. Johns

9608:"Surah 60 Al-Mumtahanah (She that is to be examined). Read and listen Quran • Quran Academy" 5617:

1091 Quranic text in bold script with Persian translation and commentary in a lighter script

5552:

produced the first scholarly translation of the Quran into English; another was produced by

2828:

and other disciplines which inhibit a "universal conception" of the Quran's message. Author

2564:

provided general guidance and that some books were sent down to them, their stories such as

2444:). Some formal religious practices receive significant attention in the Quran including the 470:

prayers. In order to extrapolate the meaning of a particular Quranic verse, Muslims rely on

398:, which is generally considered the archetype of the Quran known today. There are, however, 21195: 21035: 20481: 20388: 20333: 18567: 18162: 18046: 18028: 17177: 17003: 15400: 14086: 11838: 10507: 8126: 7327:

professor emeritus of Islamic thought at the University of Paris, Algerian Mohammed Arkoun.

6395: 6316: 5942: 5071: 5047: 4963:. Exegesis in those days was confined to the explanation of literary aspects of the verse, 4875: 4694: 4350: 3573: 2223: 1683: 1304: 1157: 776: 771: 490: 17096: 10960: 9066:

Sadeghi, Behnam; Goudarzi, Mohsen (March 2012). "Ṣan'ā' 1 and the Origins of the Qur'ān".

8247:(New Revised Edition 2 ed.). International Islamic Publishing House. pp. 50–54. 7745: 7259:

with collecting the Qur'an into a mushaf: "It is reported... from Ibn Buraidah who said:

6339: 2532:

inscriptions, and this continuity can be observed in many details, especially in hajj and

2273:) special with the expressions used for him, such as the "word" and "spirit" from God and 1135: 1080: 1026: 1005: 992: 985: 954: 943: 932: 8: 21254: 21189: 21126: 21071: 20711: 20592: 20486: 20302: 19799: 19596: 18596: 18540: 18335: 18003: 17645: 16868: 16563: 16233: 16015: 15992: 15586: 15312: 15042: 15018: 13400: 12843: 12465: 11531: 11184: 9695: 7996: 7476: 6761: 6467: 6400: 6327: 6274: 6236: 6229: 6202: 6198: 5986: 5980: 5573: 5565: 5557: 5519: 5278: 4690: 4553: 4517:صِرَٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا ٱلضَّآلِّينَ 4370: 4323: 4288: 4275:

also, and Muslims believe that the Quran was sent down or started to be sent down on the

4242: 4138: 3772: 3672: 2956: 2885: 2819: 2617: 1761: 1667: 1410:), subsequently decided to collect the book in one volume so that it could be preserved. 1392: 1328:, a date that roughly corresponds to February or March 632. The verse was revealed after 906: 659: 365: 17501: 17427: 14989:

Krek, Miroslav (1979). "The Enigma of the First Arabic Book Printed from Movable Type".

12750:"Resource: List of Famous Qur'anic Tafasir Works – Shi'a, Sunni and Zaydi – Iqra Online" 10559: 8755:

Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Sayyari (2009). Kohlberg, Etan; Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (eds.).

5492:, originally in Arabic, into Persian. Later in the 11th century, one of the students of 1087:('remembrance'), used to refer to the Quran in the sense of a reminder and warning; and 438:—oral and written traditions believed to describe words and actions of Muhammad. During 21261: 20873: 20787: 20638: 20574: 20382: 20358: 20035: 20013: 19973: 19863: 19776: 19727: 19693: 19584: 18953: 18922: 18395: 18041: 17793: 17615: 16937: 16065: 15206: 15169: 15149: 15128: 15103: 15087: 15022: 15006: 14797: 12812: 12296: 11931: 11673: 11432: 10837: 10346: 9674: 9636: 9427:

Mapping Frontiers Across Medieval Islam: Geography, Translation and the 'Abbasid Empire

9083: 8955: 8814: 8273: 7150:(and its variants) was usual before the 19th century when it became obsolete. The form 6734: 6714: 6704: 6685: 6415: 6278: 5569: 5440: 5336: 5114: 5080:

believe the meaning of the Quran is not restricted to the literal aspect. In contrast,

5077: 5031: 4843: 4648: 4414: 4162: 4119: 4089: 4072: 4047: 3992: 3948: 3660: 3315: 3056: 3052: 2679: 2646: 2569: 2517: 2404: 2363: 2339: 2023: 1831: 1827: 1756:

The Quranic content is concerned with basic Islamic beliefs including the existence of

1738:

that expresses findings and views different from the traditional approach to the early

1697: 1308: 1280: 729: 642: 625: 539: 338: 15474:

A Deadly Misunderstanding: a Congressman's Quest to Bridge the Muslim-Christian Divide

11486:

Leaman, Oliver, ed. (2006). The Qur'an: an encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 9780415326391

10718: 9334: 8541: 8352: 5199:

granted by the unveiling of the realities, when he comes to the way of those in love.

4915:). Other scholars, however, maintain that no abrogation has taken place in the Quran. 4567:

is second in frequency of Qur'an recitation, for according to many early authorities,

1785:

expresses the effort to understand the implied and implicit expressions of the Quran,

21283: 21177: 20848: 20843: 20748: 20738: 20728: 20411: 20297: 20249: 20092: 20003: 19764: 19754: 19749: 19739: 19734: 19567: 19409: 18601: 18586: 18522: 17981: 17707: 17292: 17191: 16969: 16949: 16942: 16008: 15720: 15694: 15673: 15651: 15596: 15572: 15549: 15525: 15496: 15477: 15458: 15415: 15380: 15361: 15339: 15320: 15298: 15279: 15260: 15225: 15181: 15135: 15109: 15091: 15028: 15010: 14975: 14954: 14930: 14886: 14849: 14817: 14801: 14766: 14743: 14718: 14699: 14668: 14632: 14602: 14544: 14494: 14400: 14375: 14350: 14290: 14090: 14053: 14018: 13991: 13961: 13833: 13803: 13747: 13696: 13645: 13522: 13404: 13224: 13092: 12941: 12916: 12847: 12816: 12804: 12654: 12375: 12348: 12325: 12244: 12239: 12175: 12143: 12007: 11734: 11698: 11656: 11511: 11497: 11467: 11308: 11276: 11192: 11164: 11160: 11074: 11042: 10656: 10626: 10621: 10444: 10405: 10350: 10338: 10151: 10027: 9999: 9934: 9856: 9827: 9748: 9640: 9479: 9430: 9405: 9373: 9313: 9286: 9254: 9230: 9087: 8977: 8821: 8768: 8692: 8455: 8387: 8248: 8193: 8144: 8055: 8030: 8002: 7915: 7876: 7717: 7687: 7654: 6244: 6194: 6055: 5957: 5453:

during the seventh century. Another translation of the Quran was completed in 884 in

5359: 5178:). They indicate possibilities as much as they demonstrate the insights of writers. 4956: 4430: 4366: 4203: 4167: 4114: 4027: 3987: 3849: 3563: 3458: 2920: 2605: 1765: 1600: 1551: 1450: 1175: 834: 311: 293: 15613:(1996). "Observations on Early Quran Manuscripts in Sana'a". In Wild, Stefan (ed.). 14842: 14829: 14780:

Clogg, Richard (1979). "An Attempt to Revive Turkish Printing in Istanbul in 1779".

13489:"Qur'ans from the Eastern Islamic World between the 4th/10th and 6th/12th Centuries" 6266: 5844: 4973:) of Muhammad were narrated to make its meaning clear. In addition the words of the 2798:

writes: "The Qur'an draws attention to the danger of conjecturing without evidence (

1506:

and they are not to be confused with ahruf. Shias recite the Quran according to the

21158: 20878: 20863: 20623: 20328: 20050: 19988: 19978: 19968: 19953: 19759: 19662: 19634: 19522: 19381: 18981: 18974: 18894: 18653: 18581: 18528: 18436: 18256: 17843: 17582: 17525: 17383: 17311: 17172: 16717: 16567: 16542: 16500: 16174: 16033: 15809: 15539: 15198: 15177: 15157: 15079: 15046: 14998: 14950:

Inheriting Abraham: The Legacy of the Patriarch in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

14913: 14825: 14789: 14182: 14082: 13901: 13874: 13823: 13780: 13186: 13128: 12974: 12839: 12796: 12234: 11601: 11574: 11424: 11156: 11070: 10829: 10616: 10546: 10330: 10305: 10147:

Creative Conformity: The Feminist Politics of U.S. Catholic and Iranian Shi'i Women

9848: 9402:

Al-Maqrīzī's al-Ḫabar ʻan al-bašar: vol. V, section 4: Persia and its kings, part I

9075: 9048: 9021: 8947: 8921: 8874: 8600:

For eschatology, see "Discovering (final destination)", by Christopher Buck, p. 30.

8445: 8301: 8185: 8140: 8136: 7611: 7087: 7038: 6940: 6917: 6888: 6868: 6851: 6828: 6799: 6589: 6545: 6240: 6021: 5515: 5489: 5485: 5473: 5450: 5255:

One of the notable authors of esoteric interpretation prior to the 12th century is

5039: 4900: 4891: 4012: 4007: 3958: 3943: 3928: 3837: 3716: 3117: 3002: 2815: 2358:

with his wealth and becomes arrogant will be punished, arrogance befits only God. (

2200: 2180: 2168: 1960: 1922: 1847: 1835: 1823: 1819: 1739: 1663: 1566: 1254: 1197: 1054: 647: 534: 292:). Besides its religious significance, it is widely regarded as the finest work in 125: 21247: 14813: 14186: 13638:"Mediated Qur'anic Recitation and the Contestation of Islam in Contemporary Egypt" 13244: 9966: 5654: 4564: 3505:, with a few exceptions like the Byzantine victory over the Persians in wars that 1979:. God is depicted as living, eternal, omniscient and omnipotent (see, e.g., Quran 1279:

since his experiences were similar to those claimed by such figures well known in

21268: 21215: 21146: 21010: 20971: 20804: 20511: 20456: 20256: 19942: 19902: 19853: 19805: 19579: 19171: 18932: 18888: 18018: 17702: 17404: 17316: 16797: 16620: 16468: 16151: 16115: 15834: 15761: 15622: 15543: 15433: 14969: 14944: 14878: 14737: 14280: 13843: 13768: 13393: 13004: 12500: 11539: 11412: 10080: 9993: 9626: 7938: 7895: 7711: 7616: 7578: 7544: 7107: 6745: 6621: 6477: 6419: 6364: 6312: 6119: 6090: 6037: 5839: 5725:

The proper recitation of the Quran is the subject of a separate discipline named

5016: 4960: 4769: 4725: 4702: 4620: 4147: 3963: 3923: 3912: 3894: 3797: 3742: 3655: 3596: 3402: 3335: 3147: 3134: 2924: 2889: 2795: 2783: 2654: 2537: 2176: 2084: 1910: 1859: 1811: 1655:

produced on which a scholarly reconstruction of the Quranic text could be based.

1578: 1555: 1503: 1428: 1411: 969: 950: 350: 301: 47: 16917: 15773: 14739:

Religious Dynamics under the Impact of Imperialism and Colonialism: A Sourcebook

12720:

Sociology of religions: perspectives of Ali Shariati (2008) Mir Mohammed Ibrahim

11374:. The Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship at BYU. Archived from 6463:) to their unique origin, saying all of them have been revealed by the one God. 6058:. These features were added to the text during the lifetimes of the last of the 4986: 2576:

and are met with suspicion. The provisions that might arise from them, (such as

2573: 2458:. As for the manner in which the prayer is to be conducted, the Quran refers to 2418: 2160:, Abraham is among the most honorable, excellent role model father for Muslims. 1768:, ethical and legal subjects, historical events of Muhammad's time, charity and 1734:

to 632 CE and used as evidence to support conventional wisdom and to refute the

21318: 21234: 21101: 20958: 20916: 20643: 20496: 20338: 20040: 19034: 19002: 18962: 18829: 18820: 18591: 18576: 18515: 18232: 18152: 18093: 17762: 17610: 17388: 17127: 17100: 17076: 16911: 16895: 16748: 16707: 16679: 16646: 16573: 16490: 16478: 16456: 16440: 16281: 15517: 14432: 13865:

Dutton, Yasin (2001). "An Early Mushaf According To The Reading Of Ibn ʻAmir".

13273: 11555: 11356:, Irene Blomm, William Theodore De Bary, Columbia University Press, 1990, p. 65 10943: 9404:. Bibliotheca Maqriziana Opera maiora. Leiden Boston: Brill. pp. 279–281. 9184:

The Death of a Prophet: The End of Muhammad's Life and the Beginnings of Islam,

8854:

For translation, see "Translation and the Qur'an," by Afnan Fatani, pp. 657–69.

7429: 7417: 6601: 6380: 6273:, which remained authoritative in Europe for close to a century, until Cairo's 6252: 6225: 6220:

Printed copies of the Quran during this period met with strong opposition from

6190: 6171: 6009: 5962:) were introduced into the text of the Qur'an during the lifetimes of the last 5776: 5700: 5477: 5384: 5202: 5035: 4964: 4774: 4410: 4402: 4276: 4235: 4107: 4094: 4052: 3997: 3611: 3592: 3346: 3342: 3207: 3121: 3067: 3006: 2960: 2948: 2863: 2650: 2583: 2384: 2274: 2254: 2231: 2115: 1902: 1855: 1851: 1843: 1472: 1213: 1187: 937:

appears about 70 times in the Quran itself, assuming various meanings. It is a

899: 882: 786: 508: 424: 410: 395: 342: 322: 245: 30:

This article is about the central religious text of Islam. For other uses, see

18406: 15754: 15221:

Fairy Tales from Before Fairy Tales: The Medieval Latin Past of Wonderful Lies

15083: 14793: 13784: 12886: 11882:

Larkin, Margaret (1988). "The Inimitability of the Qur'an: Two Perspectives".

10862: 10424: 8674:, , Chapter 1. "The Initial Collection of the Qur'an Text", citing as-Suyuti, 4262: 1814:

state that, in the historical context, the content of the Quran is related to

1606: 1320:

The final verse of the Quran was revealed on the 18th of the Islamic month of

74: 21312: 21064: 21057: 21049: 21017: 20979: 20819: 20656: 20506: 20045: 20008: 19983: 19868: 19029: 18741: 18664: 18641: 18086: 17496: 17452: 17393: 17359: 17283: 17182: 17116: 16758: 16727: 16462: 16410: 15825:

Multilingual Quran (Arabic, English, French, German, Dutch, Spanish, Italian)

15665: 15564: 15353: 15099: 14622: 13981: 13951: 13512: 13214: 12808: 12248: 11547: 11300: 11264: 10630: 10395: 10342: 9803: 9571: 9469: 9131: 9052: 9025: 8848: 8841: 8809: 8772: 8587: 8459: 8197: 8024: 6739: 6609: 6605: 6517: 6411: 6239:

of Russia, sponsored a printing press for "Tatar and Turkish orthography" in

6210: 6152: 5991: 5953: 5911: 5835: 5757: 5602: 5545: 5397: 5320: 5158: 5142: 5130: 5092:, is the belief that the Quran should only be taken at its apparent meaning. 4473:

While standing in prayers, worshipers recite the first chapter of the Quran,

4359: 4355: 4296: 4172: 4077: 4037: 3581: 3474: 3331: 3215: 3087: 2963:, had a special edition published of his widely used textbook on Embryology ( 2847: 2683: 2408: 2359: 2302: 2294: 2199:

for Muslims who meet certain conditions, on a certain date determined by the

1969: 1918: 1886: 1878: 1721: 1652: 1647:—seem to date to a time after this standard consonantal text was established. 1493: 1321: 1201: 1183: 691: 678: 579: 445: 334: 88: 17814: 17420: 16588: 13905: 13878: 13432: 13181: 13072:. Islamic Ma'aref Foundation Institute. 1988. pp. 37–45. Archived from 12483:"Afghan Quran-burning protests: What's the right way to dispose of a Quran?" 11605: 10833: 10228: 9079: 3414: 3129: 599: 220: 21209: 21169: 21029: 21004: 20906: 20831: 20491: 20343: 20221: 19937: 19841: 19829: 19543: 19125: 18882: 18468: 18401: 18067: 18024: 17716: 17697: 17692: 17481: 17437: 16932: 16517: 16430: 16184: 16099: 16082: 15974: 15901: 15610: 15153: 14917: 14870: 14208: 12978: 11563: 10378:

Cases, Materials, and Commentary on the European Convention on Human Rights

9662:

https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/id/eprint/978528/1/Dudeck_MA_2014.pdf

9607: 8887: 8614: 8189: 6679: 6657: 6489: 6485: 6480:. The Quran recounts stories of many of the people and events recounted in 6167: 5235: 5223: 5140:, (explanation) and hermeneutic and esoteric commentaries dealing with the 5093: 5051: 4563:

Other sections of the Quran of choice are also read in daily prayers. Sura

4337: 4223: 4179: 3916: 3648: 3637: 3519: 3429: 3283: 3218:

as a hoax based on falsified data, misinterpretations of the Quran's text.

3083: 2972: 2837: 2836:

to efforts to formulate systematic explanation of natural phenomenon with "

2829: 2661:

were sent down on earth, but the garden promised to believers after death.(

2658: 2635: 2601: 2565: 2240: 2102:

as a link in the chain of prophets that begins with Adam and culminates in

1942: 1894: 1882: 1757: 1705: 1539: 1462: 887: 664: 574: 383:) by the companions, who had written down or memorized parts of it. Caliph 261: 17620: 17138: 16484: 13148:"Reappropriation: An Accommodationist Hermeneutic of Islamic Christianity" 13132: 13043: 11788: 10858:

The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Emryology with Islamic Additions

10465:"The Apocalypse in the Teachings of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi - Risale-i Nur" 10334: 9590:"Surah 22 Al-Hajj (The Pilgrimage). Read and listen Quran • Quran Academy" 9589: 8434:"Demythologizing the Qur'an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur'an" 7027:. For example, the pronunciation in Egypt is and in Central East Arabia . 6156:

Quran divided into six books, published by Dar Ibn Kathir, Damascus-Beirut

5536:

offered the first English version in 1649, from the French translation of

5301:

with the sentiments of Sunni Islam. Ismail Hakki Bursevi's (d. 1725) work

2468:, literally means purification implies that it is a self-purification. In 1716:, dating back to 1370 years earlier, was discovered in the library of the 1000:

In other verses, the word refers to 'an individual passage recited '. Its

307:

Muslims believe the Quran was orally revealed by God to the final Islamic

21112: 21095: 20927: 20468: 19958: 19897: 19824: 19711: 19315: 19108: 18863: 18805: 18794: 18428: 18388: 18329: 18195: 18184: 18180: 17722: 17635: 17630: 16218: 15830:

Latin script transliterated Qur'an. Hans Zirker. University of Frankfurt.

15189:

Watson, William J. (1968). "İbrāhīm Müteferriḳa and Turkish Incunabula".

14927:

Islam's Quantum Question: Reconciling Muslim Tradition and Modern Science

13537: 12788: 12434: 12025: 11981: 10722: 10653:

Islam's Quantum Question: Reconciling Muslim Tradition and Modern Science

8858: 8834:

For God in the Quran (Allah), see "Allah", by Zeki Saritoprak, pp. 33–40.

8594: 8450: 8433: 8410: 7960: 6671: 6407: 6360: 6320: 5780: 5764: 5549: 5424: 5388: 5324: 5298: 5216:

says that according to the popular explanation among later commentators,

5182: 5081: 4765: 4741: 4721: 4698: 4686: 3975: 3933: 3857: 3539: 3079: 2928: 2909: 2851:

causing them to believe that scientific truths must appear in the Quran.

2707: 2627: 2623: 2589: 2164: 1914: 1866: 1631: 1599:, it seemed impossible to conduct studies on the Qur'an that went beyond 1272: 938: 431: 17011: 16813: 16240: 14693: 14585: 12800: 12620: 12058: 11901: 11450: 10841: 10533: 10047: 9774: 9559: 9499: 8164: 7858: 7833: 7817: 7805: 6383:, may have led to the conception that the Christian Gospel is one text. 5945:. Another study suggests that this manuscript bears the vocalization of 5186: 4632: 4613: 3112: 2269: 2263: 2073: 2011: 2005: 1999: 1993: 1248:, later placed 96th in the Quranic regulations, in current writing style 419: 21290: 21089: 20761: 19858: 19833: 18844: 18724: 18628: 18619: 18203: 17850: 17803: 17687: 17368: 17121: 16194: 14656: 14420: 13177: 12371:

Pendulum: How Past Generations Shape Our Present and Predict Our Future

12021: 11536:

Arberry, A.J (1955). The Koran: Interpreted. New York: Macmillan. pp. x

9572:"Surah 38 Sad (The letter Saad). Read and listen Quran • Quran Academy" 9455: 8959: 8109: 8097: 7845: 7713:

Prophets in the Quran: An Introduction to the Quran and Muslim Exegesis

6751: 6719: 6665: 6629: 6404: 6300: 6248: 6086: 5854: 5827: 5768: 5351: 5308: 5270: 5266: 5122: 5118: 5027: 4978: 4807: 4469: 4440:

according to the personal scientific depth and tendencies of scholars.

4345: 4284: 3980: 3588: 3502: 3211: 3187: 3181: 3040: 2940: 2905: 2843: 2695: 2546: 2306: 2172: 2148:. The Quran consistently refers to Islam as "the Religion of Abraham" ( 2119: 2060: 1987: 1981: 1976: 1906: 1687: 1644: 1499: 1386: 1366: 1335:

According to Islamic tradition, the Qur'an was revealed to Muhammad in

1325: 1143: 715: 686: 399: 318: 224: 208: 19140: 16900: 16861: 16201: 16024: 15734: 15210: 12831: 11436: 11023:

National Geographic, issue mysteries of history, September 2018, p.45.

10605:"The QUR'AN, SCIENCE, AND THE (RELATED) CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM DISCOURSE" 10477:

Here he identifies the antichrist, the "fearsome individual named the

10318: 7898: 6448: 6323:, a dualistic religion believing in two eternal forces, on the Quran. 6163:

of extracts from the Quran is on record as early as the 10th century.

5244: 5230:, and a Qur'anic story have a real meaning (beyond the obvious ones). 4546: 2508:

Research shows that the rituals in the Quran, along with laws such as

2247:

and his life being narrated and recounted more than that of any other

21240: 21226: 20476: 19907: 19722: 19403: 19393: 19081: 18533: 18344: 18270: 18116: 17904: 17773: 17474: 17458: 16803: 16450: 16138: 16087: 15951: 15407: 13322: 12223:"ThE QUR'AN, SCIENCE, AND THE (RELATED)CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM DISCOURSE" 10119: 9873:"Myths from Mesopotamia – Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others" 6497: 6185:. The first complete Quran printed with movable type was produced in 5736: 5630: 5445: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5256: 5207: 5000: 4990: 4803: 4647:

In Islam, most intellectual disciplines, including Islamic theology,

4474: 4455: 4386: 4334: 3879: 3543: 3527: 3311: 3071: 3048: 3035: 2977: 2859: 2765: 2730: 2541: 2486: 2427: 2392: 2355: 2347: 2129: 1890: 1790: 1675: 1396: 1293: 1260: 439: 414: 19098: 15774:

Several digitised Qurans in the Cambridge University Digital Library

15130:

The Qur'an in Islam: Its Impact and Influence on the Life of Muslims

14485:

Griffith, Signey (2008). "Christian Lore and the Arabic Qur'an". In

14286:

Subjects of the Sultan: culture and daily life in the Ottoman Empire

14014:

Subjects of the Sultan: culture and daily life in the Ottoman Empire

8951: 8473: 4526:

In the Name of Allah the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

3086:, depending on whether the verses were revealed before or after the 2330:) besides trusting in God. This is the main theme in the stories of 2206: 1484: 21083: 20809: 20315: 20173: 20125: 19919: 19873: 19837: 19562: 19305: 19145: 19130: 18419: 18101: 17941: 17930: 17923: 17712: 17560: 17539: 17167: 17061: 16986: 16661: 16326: 16288: 16094: 15202: 15002: 14575:

3:3 نزل عليك الكتاب بالحق مصدقا لما بين يديه وانزل التوراة والانجيل

14437: 14050:

The Encyclopaedia of Islam: Fascicules 111–112 : Masrah Mawlid

13147: 12407: 12222: 11428: 10912: 10604: 8925: 8837:

For eschatology, see "Eschatology," by Zeki Saritoprak, pp. 194–99.

6625: 6138: 6015: 5907: 5807: 5704: 5594: 5481: 5466: 5392: 5380: 5163: 5101: 4920: 4895: 4568: 4492: 4459: 4437: 4418: 4189: 4157: 3871: 3805: 3535: 3490: 3470: 3442: 3422: 3413:(both eloquence and rhetoric) is the doctrine which holds that the 3410: 3382: 3199: 2982: 2936: 2854: 2757: 2742: 2703: 2529: 2412: 2381: 2377: 2243:

and is the most frequently mentioned individual in the Quran, with

2218: 2184: 2103: 2079: 1964: 1874: 1815: 1774: 1725: 1658: 1592: 1400: 1317:—they take it to indicate unfamiliarity with earlier sacred texts. 1241: 1217: 1204:

and formed an independent Muslim community, he ordered many of his

864: 829: 498: 471: 373: 315: 300:. It is the object of a modern field of academic research known as 257: 92: 12883:

Tafseer Al-Mizan <!-– Allamah Muhammad Hussein Tabatabai -->

11839:"THE QURANIC PROPHECY OF THE DEFEAT AND VICTORY OF THE BYZANTINES" 9853:

Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, The Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others

9798: 9786: 9282:

Islamic Law and the Legal System of Saudí: Studies of Saudi Arabia

8735: 7997:

Richard Bell (Revised and Enlarged by W. Montgomery Watt) (1970).

3409:), "inimitability challenge" of the Qur'an in sense of feṣāḥa and 3263:. The Quran is also divided into seven approximately equal parts, 3206:

or for the names or content of the respective suras. According to

3029: 3027:

The Quran consists of 114 chapters of varying lengths, known as a

2805:) and in several different verses asks Muslims to require proofs ( 2525: 1550:" and the change was a result of the "rise to power of the Sunni ' 1171: 21120: 20824: 20430: 20118: 19998: 19890: 19883: 19878: 19620: 19371: 19166: 18670: 18483: 18440: 18369: 18364: 18301: 18236: 18222: 18124: 17779: 17768: 17567: 17530: 17260: 17204: 17110: 16721: 16693: 16546: 16504: 16420: 16357: 16308: 16229: 15824: 15455:

Qurʼānic Christians: an analysis of classical and modern exegesis

14397:

The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe

13670:"Best Quran Recitation Competition for Students Planned in Egypt" 13040:

Tafsir Al-Mizan <!-– Allamah Muhammad Hussein Tabatabai -->

11066:

Islam in South Asia: Revised, Enlarged and Updated Second Edition

10738:"Split Moon image goes viral on WhatsApp; Fact Check | Digit Eye" 10486: 10478: 9954: 9771: 8542:"Sahih Bukhari, volume 6, book 61, narrations number 509 and 510" 7074: 6561: 6533: 6525: 6501: 6481: 6270: 6206: 6160: 6027: 5883: 5859: 5784: 5744: 5732: 5365: 5355: 5293: 5085: 5020: 5008: 4706: 4434: 4304: 4022: 3699: 3547: 3498: 3436: 3418: 3323: 3304: 3223: 3152: 3093: 2990: 2944: 2932: 2824: 2753: 2749: 2726: 2722: 2699: 2662: 2593: 2550: 2490: 2478: 2455: 2451: 2423: 2282: 2258: 2248: 2137: 2107: 2099: 2059:

In Islam, God speaks to people called prophets through a kind of

2037:

that have changed and developed throughout history regarding his

2018: 1701: 1611: 1543: 1489: 1346: 1245: 1209: 1205: 1095:('wisdom'), sometimes referring to the revelation or part of it. 1022: 1001: 703: 593: 465: 357: 253: 164: 15295:

The heart of the Qurʼan: an introduction to Islamic spirituality

13306:"The Virgins and the Grapes: the Christian Origins of the Koran" 12965:

as a Mirror: al-Qushayri the murshid in his Lataif al-isharat".

10275:"Sperm stealing: a moral crime by three of David's ancestresses" 9998:(Online-Ausg. ed.). Macmillan Reference. pp. 568–562. 9826:(Repr. ed.). McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 184. 9745:

Abraham's children: Jews, Christians and Muslims in conversation

8603:

For literary structure, see "Language," by Mustansir Mir, p. 93.

5156:

interpretation relates Quranic verses to the inner or esoteric (

3022: 1838:

and many nations in their historical neighbourhoods, especially

1561:

Other personal copies of the Quran might have existed including

1442:), requested the standard copy from her. According to historian 588: 286: 178: 21152: 21140: 21077: 20997: 20348: 20322: 20281: 20242: 20159: 20072: 19993: 19848: 19794: 19789: 19556: 19480: 19414: 19289: 19161: 19076: 18995: 18937: 18753: 18747: 18453: 18279: 18264: 18061: 18013: 17950: 17918: 17831: 17741: 17676: 17572: 17320: 17301: 17196: 17162: 16807: 16776: 16753: 16624: 16532: 16424: 16296: 16132: 16075: 16055: 15997: 15984: 15969: 12940:(1. publ., transferred to digital print. ed.). Routledge. 11924:"The Origins of the Koran: Classic Essays on Islam's Holy Book" 10482: 10243: 6756: 6569: 6565: 6460: 6304: 6186: 5928:(d. 812) which are according to two of Ibn Mujahid's reciters, 5895: 5727: 5720: 5682: 5498: 5436: 5428: 5396:

contain reflections and even distortions caused by the region,

5174: 5153: 5097: 5089: 5012: 4974: 4969: 4928: 4871: 4667: 4652: 4426: 4390: 4042: 4032: 3821: 3789: 3781: 3766: 3760: 3644: 3566:

lists the factors that led to the emergence of the doctrine of

3531: 3462: 3265: 3194: 3175: 2809: 2802: 2791: 2787: 2761: 2597: 2440: 2388: 2335: 2327: 2314: 2196: 2133: 2030: 1946: 1926: 1778: 1596: 1531: 1458: 1432: 1192: 1090: 1074: 1011: 1004:

context is seen in a number of passages, for example: "So when

763: 698: 457: 435: 384: 321:

incrementally over a period of some 23 years, beginning on the

297: 18161:(The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and 13298: 12408:"Book 26, Hadith 1 Chapter: Regarding the virtue of knowledge" 12367: 10898:

Joseph Needham, revised with the assistance of Arthur Hughes,

5669:

Title page of the first German translation (1772) of the Quran

4458:, the first chapter of the Quran, is recited in full in every 1959:

in various verses without referring to the terms to prove the

973: 474:, or commentary rather than a direct translation of the text. 21023: 20985: 20597: 20422: 20376: 20364: 20166: 20152: 20111: 19641: 19627: 19548: 19511: 19335: 18990: 18967: 18735: 18729: 18699: 18381: 18283: 18106: 18079: 18055: 17965: 17836: 17748: 17520: 17469: 17432: 17338: 17056: 17039: 16768: 16711: 16683: 16606: 16592: 16577: 16553: 16527: 16494: 16472: 16444: 16368: 16338: 16331: 16322: 16313: 16162: 16120: 15915: 15800: 15790: 14731: 10490: 10280: 9809: 8754: 8052:

Ulum al-Qur'an: an introduction to the sciences of the Qur an

7730: 7263: 7053: 6955: 6903: 6857: 6814: 6593: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6557: 6541: 6537: 6509: 6493: 6456: 6455:

The Quran attributes its relationship with former books (the

6423: 6390: 6343: 6221: 6214: 6002: 5925: 5916: 5903: 5891: 5831: 5740: 5708: 5529: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5404: 5403:

Islamic tradition also holds that translations were made for

5299:

God's manifestation through and in the physical world notions

5291:(d. 1273) wrote a vast amount of mystical poetry in his book 4823: 4749: 4745: 4641: 4463: 4449: 4378: 4374: 4327: 4300: 4292: 4184: 4062: 3711: 3704: 3627: 3619: 3577: 3486: 3392: 3357: 3300: 3233:) can be used to read through the entire Quran in a month. A 3169: 2952: 2867: 2833: 2800:

And follow not that of which you have not the knowledge of...

2734: 2714:

applied to some ayah/hadith fragments in his own prophecies.

2711: 2687: 2577: 2554: 2533: 2513: 2509: 2498: 2494: 2482: 2464: 2446: 2367: 2351: 2331: 2310: 2298: 2286: 2214: 2210: 2192: 2157: 2145: 2141: 2124: 2092: 2068: 1898: 1870: 1794: 1782: 1769: 1679: 1666:. Possibly the oldest, best preserved and most comprehensive 1547: 1382: 1350: 1336: 1225: 1221: 1082: 1015: 710: 564: 346: 277: 273: 266: 249: 151: 115: 15394: 12573:"Are the verses of the Qur'an Abrogated and/or Substituted?" 10861:. Abul Qasim Publishing House (Saudi Arabia). Archived from 10105:. 2002, Bd. 26, S. 429.; Yüksel; al-Shaiban; Schulte-Nafeh: 9743:. In Solomon, Norman; Harries, Richard; Winter, Tim (eds.). 9400:

Maqrīzī, Aḥmad Ibn-ʿAlī al-; Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko (2018).

9155:"A Find in Britain: Quran Fragments Perhaps as Old as Islam" 8886:

Egypt's culture wars: politics and practice – Page 278

8689:"Noorullah Website - Is the Qur'an Corrupted? Shi'ites View" 8528:

were written in one place between "The Heights" and "Jonah."

6035:

was in very widespread use. In North Africa and Iberia, the

5920:. Today, the most popular readings are those transmitted by 2719:

the nature, structure and dimensions of the celestial bodies

20263: 20235: 20185: 20132: 20077: 19648: 19135: 19059: 18690: 18473: 18146: 17935: 17825: 17809: 17354: 17066: 16772: 16731: 16602: 16557: 16414: 16263: 16167: 14231:"The Quran in East and West: Manuscripts and Printed Books" 12169: 11946: 11567:

An account of the Rise and Progress of Mohammadanism (1911)

10911:

Non-Muslim scientists have also found the case for Quranic

6874: 6805: 6632:, Professor of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at 6513: 6505: 5946: 5921: 5899: 5876: 5645:

The first printed Quran in a European vernacular language:

5629:

Arabic Quran with interlinear Persian translation from the

5432: 5373: 5288: 4924: 4656: 4637: 4394: 4382: 4295:, and the reading begins by mentioning the names of Allah, 3813: 3721: 3482: 3478: 3241: 2876: 2671: 2631: 2521: 2502: 2473: 2469: 2459: 2343: 2064: 1786: 1639: 1620: 1513: 1454: 1229: 1066: 1048: 1040: 14177:

Nuovo, Angela (1990). "A Lost Arabic Koran Rediscovered".

12536: 7044: 6946: 6894: 6624:

developed rapidly into an art form. The Arabic grammarian

5597:

translation of the Quran Sharif has been found in village

4389:

thinking that the Quran is a complete and clear book; and

4291:

is performed, one seeks refuge in Allah from the accursed

3062: 2114:, more often than any other biblical personage apart from 1431:

was entrusted with the manuscript until the third caliph,

1330:

the Prophet finished delivering his sermon at Ghadir Khumm

19325: 18719: 18501: 15905: 15688: 14883:

Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies

14557: 14540:

What the Koran Really Says: Language, Text and Commentary

13374:"More than 300 publishers visit Quran exhibition in Iran" 13091:(Paperback ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 363–373. 12915:(Paperback ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 350–362. 10489:; ... The true, a-historical Christianity (symbolized by 10306:

Translation of the Holy Quran: A Call for Standardization

9442:

Arabian ruler can be traced in many early Arabic sources.

9132:"'Oldest' Koran fragments found in Birmingham University" 8606:

For writing and printing, see "Written Transmission", by

8302:"What Is Ahruf And Qirat? | A Full Guide - Ulum Al Azhar" 6926: 6837: 6054:

In the beginning, the Quran was not written with dots or

5936:(Medina, d. 785), respectively. The influential standard 5586: 5369: 5243:) would not violate the following statement in the Quran 5007:; The high class scholars in Iran who have the authority 5004: 4932: 4266:

Talismanic tunic, North India-Deccan, Metropolitan Museum

3295: 2029:

Even though Muslims do not doubt about the existence and

15795: 14659:; Mir, Mustansir (2002). "Literature and the Quran". In 14077:. In Akyeampong, Emmanuel K; Gates, Henry Louis (eds.). 12723: 12435:"Postmodernism Approach in Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh)" 11552:

Leaman, Oliver (2006). The Qur'an: an Encyclopedia.p.404

9528: 8847:

For calligraphy, see by "Calligraphy and the Qur'an" by

8029:(Reprint. ed.). Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 32. 7943:

Living Religions: An Encyclopaedia of the World's Faiths

7262:

The first of those to collect the Qur'an into a mushaf (

2717:

In the apocalyptic scenes, clues are included regarding

2675:'the Day of the Gathering' or 'the Day of the Meeting'. 2313:, will pray behind him and then kill the False Messiah ( 1834:. Many places, subjects and mythological figures in the 15068:(August 1991). "The Quest of the Historical Muhammad". 14881:. London: Kegan Paul International in association with 13695:(New ed.). Cairo : American Univ. in Cairo Press. 13213:

Fatani, Afnan (2006), "Translation and the Qur'an", in

11921: 11368:"Editor's Introduction: By What Measure Shall We Mete?" 11213:"Appendix 1, One of the Great Miracles [74:35]" 9065: 9038: 8861:, pp. 71–81; and "Reading", by Stefan Wild, pp. 532–35. 8637: 6379:. One scholar has suggested that the Diatessaron, as a 5989:

and copyists. The earliest manuscripts were written in

5956:

vocalization markers indicating specific vowel sounds (

4884:

The Quran has sparked much commentary and explication (

3518:

of the Quran began to appear in the 9th century in the

3192:. The original significance of the letters is unknown. 1885:("the man with two horns") who built a barrier against 1345:

are the same Qur'an revealed in seven different Arabic

1236: 17996:('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') 15545:

Literary Structures of Religious Meaning in the Qur'ān

14732:

Bentlage, Björn; Eggert, Marion; Krämer, Hans-Martin;

14036: 14034: 13456:"Gurmukhi translation of Quran traced to Moga village" 11757:

Syukron, Ahmad; Khairiyah, Nikmatul (31 August 2024).

10374:

Refah Partİsİ (The Welfare Party) And Others V. Turkey

9504: 8593:

For the history of compilation see "Introduction," by

8025:

P.M. Holt, Ann K.S. Lambton and Bernard Lewis (1970).

6255:

between 1875 and 1877 as a two-volume set, during the

3589:

claim that the Quran was encrypted using the number 19

2902:

Commission on Scientific Signs in the Quran and Sunnah

2778:

Commission on Scientific Signs in the Quran and Sunnah

1858:

etc. However, some philosophers and scholars such as

979: 15814: 15755:

The British Library: Discovering Sacred Texts – Islam

15224:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. 13119:

Reconsidered: Exploring the Development of a Genre".

11571:

A Comparative Lexical Study of Qur'anic Arabic (2002)

10936: 10394:

Buck C (2006). "Discovering (final destination)". In

10301: 10299: 9399: 8514: 7215:) mankind on the basis of the Book sent down to him." 7066: 7056: 7041: 6958: 6943: 6929: 6906: 6891: 6871: 6854: 6840: 6817: 6802: 6636:, and Mustansir Mir, Professor of Islamic studies at 6333: 5247:;"none knows its interpretation (ta'wil) except God" 1638:

here was a very early attempt to establish a uniform

1546:

author "to adopt a position identical to that of the

450:. Ideally, verses are recited with a special kind of 18694:(literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage) 15819: 15414:. transl. J. Cooper (ed.). Oxford University Press. 14341:

Dorn (2002). "Chronologisches Verzeichnis, 371". In

12734:

harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNewman_in_Meri2006 (

12361: 11099: 10979: 9516: 9353: 7210: 7204: 7100: 7050: 6952: 6923: 6900: 6834: 6811: 6647: 6620:

After the Quran, and the general rise of Islam, the

6224:: printing anything in Arabic was prohibited in the 6045:

script which was used solely in the north of India.

5812: 5798: 5751: 5354:

Muslim girls reciting the Quran placed atop folding

5302: 5282: 5260: 5217: 5167: 5135: 4910: 4904: 4885: 4672: 4660: 4317: 3567: 3513: 3461:. The emergence of the Qur’ān was an oral and aural 3434: 3396: 3368: 3362: 3350: 3276: 3270: 3258: 3252: 3246: 3234: 3228: 3163: 3141: 2965:

The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology

2581: 1521: 1507: 1476: 1466: 1422: 1360: 1354: 1340: 1312: 1287: 1252: 1141: 1129: 1123: 1117: 1111: 1105: 1099: 1088: 1072: 1064: 1058: 1046: 1038: 1032: 463: 455: 443: 284: 271: 64: 14031: 13960:(2a reimpr. ed.). Blackwell. pp. 172–87. 13767:Melchert, Christopher (2008). "The Relation of the 13558:"The Great Imām of Qirā'ah: Muhammad Ibn al-Jazari" 12531: 12529: 12505:

Literacy and Development: Ethnographic Perspectives

12188: 11930:. Summarised by Sharon Morad, Leeds. Archived from 10961:"Beyond Bucailleism: Science, Scriptures and Faith" 10902:(Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1959), p.82 10882: 10880: 9335:

https://www.iasj.net/iasj/download/194df3cf9e25bbef

8993:Gilliot, C. (2006). "Creation of a fixed text". In 8559: 8503: 8501: 8499: 8484: 8405: 8403: 8212:"The Origins of the Variant Readings of the Qur'an" 8082:. University of Southern California. Archived from 7742:

Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion

7047: 6949: 6920: 6897: 6831: 6808: 6596:are mentioned in the Quran as prophets of God (see 4599:

Say, ˹O Prophet,˺ "He is God—One ˹and Indivisible˺;

3457:The Quran is widely regarded as the finest work in 3202:) has interpreted them as abbreviations for either 2187:describing "sacrific animalistic nature", Orthodox 1752:

List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran

1691: 1618:, one of the oldest surviving copies of the Qur'an 394:) established a standard version, now known as the 15864: 15493:Women in the Qur'an, Traditions and Interpretation 15127: 14841: 13980: 13507: 13505: 13392: 13390: 12938:Sufi commentaries on the Qur'an in classical Islam 10596: 10296: 10143: 9540: 8813: 8054:(Repr. ed.). Islamic Foundation. p. 37. 7577: 7543: 7464: 4316:According to Islam, the Quran is the word of God ( 2430:, verse 185) from a Quran manuscript dated to 1510 1449:Around the 650s, The Islamic expansion beyond the 15784: 14667:. Vol. 3. Leiden: Brill. pp. 213, 216. 13917: 13915: 11782: 11780: 11275:, vol. 3, Leiden: Brill, pp. 192, 204, 11125: 10255: 10198:Nomani, Asra Q.; Arafa, Hala (21 December 2015). 10060:Islamic Modernism in India and Pakistan 1857–1964 9906:"Dyed in Virtue: The Qur'ān and Plato's Republic" 7203:, the verses pertaining to the usage of the word 5803:is at a slower pace, used for study and practice. 5763:The recitations of a few Egyptian reciters, like 5439:languages. The first translator of the Quran was 2572:in the Bible conveyed from any source are called 2528:) and charity (zakāt) can be seen in pre-Islamic 1807:. Oil on canvas painting by Edward Poynter, 1890. 1098:The Quran describes itself as 'the discernment' ( 1071:('revelation'), that which has been "sent down" ( 368:." According to tradition, several of Muhammad's 21310: 18304:, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration') 16892:Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo 15738:, published by King Fahd Qur'an Printing Complex 15410:(1987) . "Jāmiʻ al-bayān ʻan taʼwīl al-qurʼān". 15319:(Second ed.). University Of Chicago Press. 14260:Columbia University Libraries Online Exhibitions 14235:Columbia University Libraries Online Exhibitions 13942: 13940: 13822: 13549: 12997:"The Principles of Interpretation of the Qur'an" 12526: 12097: 11756: 10877: 10791: 10789: 10787: 10508:"Hurufilik Akımının Kur'an Ayetlerini İstismarı" 9930:The Book of Proverbs and Arabic Proverbial Works 9358:(usually identified with Alexander the Great) ". 8496: 8400: 7517: 6247:. The first edition printed in Iran appeared in 2485:as fard. However, some religious groups such as 15693:(First ed.). Center for Islamic Sciences. 14193: 14148:"Saudi Aramco World: East Meets West in Venice" 13502: 13245:https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED613311.pdf 13208: 13206: 13204: 13026: 13024: 13022: 11415:(Winter 1983–1984). "The Apocalypse of Islam". 11240:The Qur'an's Numerical Miracle: Hoax and Heresy 10650: 9992:Esack, Farid (2003). Martin, Richard C. (ed.). 9197:"New Light on the History of the Quranic Text?" 8328:"Background of 7 Ahruf (Dialects) of the Quran" 7576: 7542: 6987:varies regionally. The first vowel varies from 6217:in 1698 with Latin translation and commentary. 6209:in 1694, and the edition by the Italian priest 4689:and specifically the so-called Quranic arts of 4575:is equivalent to one-third of the whole Quran. 4530:The Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful, 2993:, the origin and history of the Earth, and the 1805:The Visit of the Queen of Sheba to King Solomon 1372: 15801:Quran Archive – Texts and Studies on the Quran 13984:; Street, Tony; Johns, Anthony Hearle (1997). 13912: 13066:"The Qur'an Possesses Revelation and Exegesis" 12954: 12906: 12904: 12879:"The Outward and Inward Aspects of the Qur'an" 12771: 12769: 12767: 12729: 12322:A student's approach to world religions: Islam 12214: 12068: 12066: 12047:. Vol. 1. Leiden: Brill. pp. 127–35. 12006:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 137, 138, 141, 147. 11777: 11692: 11390: 11327: 11307:(2a reimpr. ed.). Blackwell. p. 93. 11191:. University of California Press. p. 81. 11138: 11136: 10404:(2a reimpr. ed.). Blackwell. p. 30. 10073:"Ek 15 – Dini Görevler: Tanrı'dan Bir Armağan" 9367: 8974:Which Koran? Variants, Manuscript, Linguistics 8893: 8654: 8652: 8274:"Qira't and the 7 Ahruf: All You Need To Know" 7789: 7787: 7785: 7783: 7648: 5502:of the Quran in Persian. In the 12th century, 3433:Anonymous painting, taken from a 16th-century 3421:and its inimitability is the proof granted to 1911:tales of the hebrew prophets accepted in Islam 20943: 19496: 15850: 15650:(First ed.). Brill Academic Publishers. 15516: 15495:(Reprint ed.). Oxford University Press. 15472:Siljander, Mark D.; Mann, John David (2008). 15471: 15360:(Book & CD ed.). White Cloud Press. 15358:Approaching the Qur'ān: The Early Revelations 14761:. In Berlin, Adele; Grossman, Maxine (eds.). 13937: 13797: 13642:In Music and Play of Power in the Middle East 12093:. Chicago IL: Iqra' Book Center. p. vii. 12082: 11612: 10784: 10687: 10685: 9370:Khwadāynāmag The Middle Persian Book of Kings 9248: 9246: 8421:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 31–33. 7933: 7931: 7889: 7781: 7779: 7777: 7775: 7773: 7771: 7769: 7767: 7765: 7763: 6403:. A common folktale finds its place in the 6051:style was also rarely used in Persian world. 5236:human qualities which are attributed to Allah 5206:An early interpretation format of the Quran, 4243: 3501:statements about the Quran hadn't focused on 2698:interpreted the expressions in the Quran and 2505:) to be fulfilled and others say simply not. 1079:) at intervals. Other related words include: 907: 15964:(wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph 15071:International Journal of Middle East Studies 14782:International Journal of Middle East Studies 14763:The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion 14369: 13399:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 13201: 13019: 12288: 12262: 12129: 12032: 11955:"Calgary police nab suspect in imam killing" 11806:"WAR AND PEACE IN PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIC POETRY" 11720: 11718: 11123: 11117: 10813: 10150:. Georgetown University Press. p. 118. 10058:Zum Beispiel Sayyid Ahmad Khan. Vgl. Ahmad: 9987: 9985: 9152: 8937: 8935: 8857:For recitation, see "Art and the Qur'an" by 7909: 7870: 7091: 7078: 5787:. Today, crowds fill auditoriums for public 5760:and Tuhfat al-Atfal by Sulayman al-Jamzuri. 5646: 5537: 5484:(961–976), ordered a group of scholars from 5250: 5019:, Ayatollah, Ayatollah Al-Uzma and gained 4603:He has never had offspring, nor was He born. 4534:It is You we worship and You we ask for help 3546:, concision, clarity of speech (bayān), and 3157: 3098: 3043:is 6,236; however, the number varies if the 2320: 1881:according to the Quran) and mysterious hero 960: 199: 14631:. US: Oxford University Press. p. 40. 14349:. Vol. 3. Leiden: Brill. p. 251. 13087:Mojaddedi, Jawid (2008). "No title given". 13080: 13058: 12985: 12901: 12764: 12555:"How can there be abrogation in the Quran?" 12113: 12063: 11928:The Christian response to the Muslim debate 11155:. Vol. 3. Leiden: Brill. p. 472. 11133: 11062: 10679:, Random House: 2005, pp. 20–21. 10197: 9094: 8900:Donner, "Quran in Recent Scholarship", 2008 8785:Kohlberg & Amir-Moezzi 2009, p.24-26-27 8710:. London,UK: Fountain Books. pp. 5, 7. 8649: 7703: 7113: 6608:is mentioned in the Quran more than in the 6319:, some scholars also suspect influences by 5910:. Ibn Mujahid did not explain why he chose 5134:('outward aspects') of the text are called 5021:tutelage over people and the administration 3110:in the Quran, due to its presence in Quran 20957: 20950: 20936: 19503: 19489: 18322:A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: 17636:ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim 17438:Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad) 16816:(Joshua, companion and successor of Moses) 15857: 15843: 15621: 15217: 14563: 14328:A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire 13581: 13395:Islam: A Thousand Years of Faith and Power 13110: 13108: 12991: 12873: 12687:"The Hadith Book (48. Witnesses): nr. 819" 12039:Jenssen, H. (2001). "Arabic Language". In 11678:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 11587: 11585: 11544:Armstrong, K (1994). A History of God.p.78 11411: 11267:(2002), "Literary Structure of Quran", in 10919:"Islamic embryology: overblown balderdash" 10848: 10760: 10758: 10756: 10754: 10695:. CastRoller. 11 July 2014. Archived from 10682: 10440:Understanding the Qur'an: themes and style 10191: 9995:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world 9815: 9734: 9732: 9467: 9305: 9299: 9255:"What do we actually know about Mohammed?" 9243: 8794:Kohlberg & Amir-Moezzi 2009, pp.20, 24 8377: 8375: 8373: 7928: 7760: 7347:Göttingische Anzeigen von gelehrten Sachen 7178:. The adjectives vary as well and include 6476:) the Quran's language was similar to the 5061: 4790:Quran page decoration art, Ottoman period. 4250: 4236: 3033:. Each sūrah consists of verses, known as 2560:Although it is believed in Islam that the 2520:rituals. Arabic words meaning pilgrimage ( 2354:, the person who avoids searching for the 914: 900: 364:to fiercely debate whether the Quran was " 73: 21044:(Roman Catholicism, Eastern Christianity) 16183: 15690:The Integrated Encyclopedia of the Qur'an 15640: 15585: 15491:Stowasser, Barbara Freyer (1 June 1996). 15490: 15449: 15406: 15395:Traditional Quranic commentaries (tafsir) 15148: 15122: 15024:Islam: Religion, History and Civilization 14812:(2013). "Gog and Magog". In Fleet, Kate; 14691: 14596: 14394: 13921: 13760: 13729:"Recitation," by Anna M. Gade, pp. 481–93 13635: 13425:"Al-i-Imran (The Family of Imran) Part 1" 13332:, (Cairo: Matba'at at-Tadamun n.d.), 380. 13086: 12640: 12368:Roy H. Williams; Michael R. Drew (2012). 12238: 12088: 11836: 11715: 11695:Complete Idiot's Guide to World Religions 11524: 11000:"RE: Number of Unique Words in the Quran" 10620: 10562:. Oriental Institute Barods. 2 June 2024. 10249: 10103:Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi 10017: 10015: 9982: 9429:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 97–98. 9345: 9125: 9123: 9001:. Cambridge University Press. p. 52. 8932: 8804: 8802: 8800: 8714: 8699: 8631:"Zayd ibn Thabit and the Glorious Qur'an" 8576: 8574: 8533: 8507: 8449: 8425: 8332:Rizqan Kareem - Most Excellent Sustenance 8300:Academy, Ulum Al-Azhar (13 August 2024). 7971: 7651:Complete Idiot's Guide to World Religions 7630: 7604: 7570: 7536: 5848:Page of the Quran with vocalization marks 5528:, was the first into a Western language ( 4528:praise is to Allah, Lord of the worlds — 2986:, or easily explained by "common sense". 2807:Say: Bring your proof if you are truthful 1696:) is still barely visible. Studies using 968:) meaning 'he read' or 'he recited'. The 427:of an event over its narrative sequence. 15735:Journal of Qur'anic Research and Studies 15538: 15457:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 15333: 15251: 15191:Journal of the American Oriental Society 14943: 14924: 14621: 14484: 14325: 14040: 13766: 13744:Textual Criticism and Qur'an Manuscripts 13658:on 19 May 2020 – via pdfslide.net. 13604: 13223:, New York: Routledge, pp. 657–69, 12929: 12786: 12334: 12220: 12142:. Oxford University Press. p. 192. 11952: 11803: 11724: 11693:Toropov, Brandon; Buckles, Luke (2004). 11365: 11263: 11032: 10602: 9534: 9510: 9368:Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko (17 April 2018). 9220: 9218: 9032: 8941: 8725:. London,UK: Fountain Books. p. 29. 7903: 7677: 7649:Toropov, Brandon; Buckles, Luke (2004). 7635:. Edinburgh: Penguin books. p. 74. 6504:), although it differs in many details. 6385: 6151: 6041:style was popular. More distinct is the 5843: 5694: 5685:in this Chinese translation of the Quran 5346: 5201: 4995: 4513:إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ 4480: 4468: 4261: 3602: 3428: 3294: 3061: 2853: 2771: 2764:have come from foreign cultures through 2725:1-5) or (shahap; meteor, burning fire) ( 2678:"Signs of the hour" in the Quran are a " 2640: 2580:) could only be "abrogated provisions" ( 2417: 2285:6, while he is a harbinger of Muhammad, 2205: 2171:by surrendering in line with his dream,( 2017: 1799: 1657: 1605: 1483: 1235: 1031:in certain contexts. Such terms include 926: 15779:2017-232-1 al-Qurʼān. / القرآن at OPenn 15273: 14655: 14533: 14279: 14010: 13946: 13858: 13816: 13791: 13684: 13636:Frishkopf, Michael (28 December 2009). 13556:Thānawi, Qāri Izhār (21 January 2019). 13555: 13486: 13391:Bloom, Jonathan; Blair, Sheila (2002). 13378:Hürriyet Daily News and Economic Review 13105: 12829: 12634:التهذيب والترتيب الاتقان في علوم القرآن 12517: 12424:, Oxford University Press, 2015, pg. 90 12422:Hermeneutics: A Very Short Introduction 12340: 12135: 12038: 11875: 11789:https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367344092-6 11650: 11591: 11582: 10953: 10751: 10566: 10430: 10164: 9824:Ethico-religious concepts in the Qur'an 9729: 9618: 9478:. New York: Routledge. pp. 33–40. 9186:University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011. 9172: 9059: 8992: 8720: 8705: 8370: 8299: 8242: 8175: 8049: 8043: 7992: 7990: 7988: 7986: 7984: 7982: 7980: 7910:Sandıkcı, Özlem; Rice, Gillian (2011). 7709: 7488: 7486: 5969: 5817:reciter seeks to involve the listeners. 5509:Hürriyet Daily News and Economic Review 5076:Shias and Sunnis as well as some other 3558:('the Arguments of Inimitability') and 3101:بِسْمِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ 3012: 2374:Commanding ma’ruf and forbidding munkar 2244: 2022:A 12th-century Quran manuscript at the 296:, and has significantly influenced the 14: 21311: 17146:(Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr) 17032:Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura) 16836: 15729:School of Oriental and African Studies 15664: 15617:. Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp. 107–11. 15563: 15524:(First ed.). UK Islamic Academy. 15311: 15188: 15174:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition 15098: 15064: 14869: 14756: 14309: 14170: 13864: 13715: 13690: 13662: 13629: 13598: 13575: 13543:"Reading," by Stefan Wild, pp. 532–35. 13511: 13212: 13170: 13145: 12960: 12911:Godlas, Alan (2008). "No tile given". 12910: 12775: 12499: 12394: 12268: 12194: 12170:Mir Sajjad Ali; Zainab Rahman (2010). 11995: 11922:Warraq I, et al. Warraq I (ed.). 11881: 11495: 11359: 11347: 11142: 10916: 10915:explanation about embryology lacking. 10819: 10764: 10729: 10436: 10316: 10170: 10137: 10012: 9926: 9821: 9738: 9707:Ltd, Hymns Ancient Modern (May 1996). 9624: 9522: 9120: 9100: 8911: 8808: 8797: 8658: 8580: 8571: 8539: 8409: 8076:"Translation of Sahih Bukhari, Book 1" 8020: 8018: 7937: 7871:Jaffer, Abbas; Jaffer, Masuma (2009). 7864: 7226:Hadith studies#Evaluating authenticity 5714: 5564:, The Clear Quran by Mustafa Khattab, 5042:. More modern works of Tafsir include 4985:, many Judeo-Christian stories called 4826:, which became common under the early 4802:Quranic verses, Shahizinda mausoleum, 4605:And there is none comparable to Him." 4505:بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ 3473:socially honored, as could be seen on 3239:is sometimes further divided into two 2169:Abraham's attempt to sacrifice his son 1793:, especially in the verses related to 1196:(traditions ascribed to Muhammad) and 282:) which consist of individual verses ( 20931: 20683: 20451: 20067: 19484: 18914: 18502:Events, incidents, occasions or times 18500: 17889: 17225: 16881:Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos 16835: 16609:)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)') 16390: 15890: 15877: 15838: 15748: 15686: 15510: 15428: 15352: 15292: 15245: 15105:The Blackwell companion to the Qur'an 14967: 14779: 14712: 14433:"Apple takes down Quran app in China" 14313: 14176: 14072: 13957:The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an 13885: 13746:. Lexington Books. pp. 109–111. 13741: 13176: 13146:Miller, Duane Alexander (June 2009). 13114: 13089:The Blackwell companion to the Qur'an 13030: 12935: 12913:The Blackwell companion to the Qur'an 12646: 11845:from the original on 21 February 2024 11396: 11305:The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an 11257: 11183: 11105: 10854: 10735: 10560:"The Foreign Vocabulary of the Quran" 10401:The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an 9991: 9855:, Oxford, revised edition 2000, p. 2 9546: 9468:Saritoprak, Zeki (2006). "Allah". In 9424: 9278: 9272: 9252: 9224: 9215: 8999:The Cambridge Companion to the Qur'ān 8613:For recitation, see "Recitation," by 8419:The Cambridge Companion to the Qur'ān 8413:(2006). "The historical context". In 8381: 8322: 8320: 8318: 8295: 8293: 8291: 8268: 8266: 8264: 8238: 8236: 8234: 8232: 8216:Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research 7106: 7003:, while the second vowel varies from 6473:The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran 5605:of Punjab which was printed in 1911. 5518:'s 1143 translation of the Quran for 4507:ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ 2733:1-7) Then a square is set up and the 1569:'s codex, none of which exist today. 20452: 20068: 18833:('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') 17312:People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin 15815:Tanzil – Online Quran Navigator 15708: 15609: 15374: 15041: 15017: 14988: 14971:Mecca: From Before Genesis Until Now 14899: 14844:The Koran; A Very Short Introduction 14836: 14808: 14715:An Introduction to Arabic literature 14491:The Qurʼān in its Historical Context 14340: 14134: 14087:10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001 14052:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 803. 13891: 11953:Massinon, Stephane (30 April 2009). 11837:EL-AWAISI, Khalid (31 August 2024). 11627: 11461: 11423:(8). Duke University Press: 155–71. 11328:Rosenthal, Herman; Waldstein, A. S. 10985: 10807: 10795: 10393: 10261: 10026:(Second ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. 10021: 9903: 9349: 9129: 9005: 8643: 8565: 8490: 8432:Roslan Abdul-Rahim (December 2017). 8120: 7977: 7793: 7598:participating institution membership 7564:participating institution membership 7483: 5068:Esoteric interpretation of the Quran 4705:and single pages of calligraphy for 4577: 4498: 3530:contained in the Quran consisted of 1789:refers to the efforts to expand the 1714:a single folio of a very early Quran 1674:In 1972, in a mosque in the city of 1572: 980: 434:in most denominations of Islam, are 402:, with some differences in meaning. 270:). It is organized in 114 chapters ( 15687:Iqbal M, et al., eds. (2013). 15255:; Watt, William Montgomery (1970). 14877:. Translated by Sherrard, Liadain; 13950:(2006). "Written Transmission". In 13453: 13343:"English Translations of the Quran" 13286:from the original on 22 August 2024 12447:from the original on 30 August 2024 12294: 12269:SARDAR, ZIAUDDIN (21 August 2008). 12174:. Kalpaz Publications. p. 21. 11872:Vgl. Neuwirth 177 und Grotzfeld 65. 11818:from the original on 30 August 2024 11804:FARRUGIA, MARISA (31 August 2024). 11765:from the original on 30 August 2024 11294: 11236: 11124: 11122:is the plural of a participle from 11118: 10965:Evidence for God's Unchanging World 10765:SARDAR, ZIAUDDIN (21 August 2008). 10651:Nidhal Guessoum (30 October 2010). 10310: 9910:Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 9706: 8386:. Facts On File. pp. 570–574. 8243:Philips, Abu Ameenah Bilal (2006). 8129:; Basset, R.; Hartmann, R. (eds.). 8080:Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement 8015: 7738:"The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon" 6710:Historical reliability of the Quran 6338:Some non-Muslim groups such as the 5821: 5794:There are two types of recitation: 5319:Reappropriation is the name of the 4590:وَلَمۡ یَكُن لَّهُۥ كُفُوًا أَحَدُۢ 4532:Sovereign of the Day of Recompense. 4351:sign of the prophethood of Muhammad 3509:with mutual victories and defeats. 3406: 3158: 3138: 2880:(miracle) literature, also called " 2261:figure with his fatherless birth,( 2088: 1936: 1907:exodus of the Israelites from Egypt 1200:, after Muhammad and his followers 51: 24: 15571:. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. 15443: 15239: 14118:"Muslim Printing Before Gutenberg" 14075:"Amina bint al-Hajj ʿAbd al-Latif" 13990:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 170–74. 12844:10.1093/oso/9780190932886.001.0001 12693:from the original on 14 April 2015 12667:from the original on 16 March 2015 12650:Sayyid Qutb: A Study of His Tafsir 12631: 12593: 10514:from the original on 25 March 2020 10505: 10277:. Bible Review 17:1, February 2001 10173:"Is Hijab a Qur'anic Commandment?" 9967:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica" 9822:Izutsu, Toshihiko (6 June 2007) . 9639:, Suhail Academy. pp. 18–19. 9425:Zadeh, Travis (28 February 2017). 8708:The Qur'an - When was it compiled? 8628: 8315: 8288: 8261: 8229: 8121:Buhl, Fr. (2012) . "Muhammad". In 6796:The English pronunciation varies: 6334:Relationship with other literature 5314: 5287:('the unveiling of the secrets'). 4601:God—the Sustainer ˹needed by all˺. 4515:ٱهْدِنَا ٱلصِّرَٰطَ ٱلْمُسْتَقِيمَ 3477:poets. The etymology of the word " 3451:miracles, in the traditional sense 3070:, one of the legendary figures in 2710:symbolizations and benefited from 2682:" will arise (27:82); the nations 2401:Enjoining good and forbidding evil 2245:his name being mentioned 136 times 1975:The central theme of the Quran is 1933:occupy a wide place in the Quran. 1465:, as well as the use of the seven 1063:), the word is referred to as the 1021:The term also has closely related 25: 21370: 21359:7th-century Arabic-language books 18858:('Before the rising of the Sun') 15743: 15430:Tabatabae, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn 15257:Bell's introduction to the Qurʼān 14493:. Psychology Press. p. 112. 14017:. I.B. Tauris. pp. 134–136. 13832:. Saqi Books (November 8, 2003). 11464:Self-referentiality in the Qur'an 10997: 10736:Soora, Gayathri (14 April 2020). 10719:"Moon Split Miracle Chain Letter" 10286: 10171:Hameed, Shahul (9 October 2003). 9747:. T&T Clark. pp. 55–66. 9741:"Moses from a Muslim Perspective" 9717:from the original on 17 June 2016 9672: 9633:The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam 9625:Glassé, Cyril (1991). "Abraham". 9229:. London: Routledge. p. 62. 8976:, p. 45. Prometheus Books, 2011. 8691:. 27 October 2009. Archived from 7999:Bell's introduction to the Qur'an 7162:. Other transliterations include 6700:List of translations of the Quran 6071:Amina, bint al-Hajj ʿAbd al-Latif 5743:(the articulation of the Quranic 5343:List of translations of the Quran 4865: 4680: 3587:In a different line; The miracle 3290: 3281:each. Such a section is called a 2622:The doctrine of the last day and 1379:Canonization of Islamic scripture 1286:The Quran describes Muhammad as " 454:reserved for this purpose called 407:familiarity with major narratives 20912: 20911: 20900: 20431:Schools of islamic jurisprudence 19679:Timeline of the history of Islam 19510: 19025:Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles 17461:(Emigrants from Mecca to Medina) 15634: 15182:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3630 14816:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; 14649: 14615: 14590: 14578: 14569: 14527: 14507: 14478: 14453: 14425: 14413: 14388: 14363: 14334: 14319: 14303: 14289:. I.B. Tauris. pp. 134–36. 14273: 14248: 14223: 14140: 14128: 14110: 14066: 14004: 13974: 13735: 13709: 13480: 13447: 13417: 13384: 13366: 13357: 13335: 13316: 13266: 13249: 13236: 13139: 12867: 12823: 12780: 12742: 12714: 12705: 12679: 12625: 12613: 12587: 12565: 12547: 12537:"An Exegesis of the Holy Qur'an" 12511: 12493: 12475: 12459: 12427: 12414: 12400: 12388: 12324:, Hodder & Stoughton, p. 1. 12314: 12240:10.1111/j.1467-9744.2008.00925.x 12163: 12103: 12051: 11988: 11973: 11915: 11906: 11894: 11866: 11857: 11830: 11797: 11787:Religion, Routledge, pp. 61-74. 11750: 11686: 11644: 11489: 11480: 11455: 11443: 11405: 11354:Approaches to the Asian Classics 11321: 11288: 11230: 11205: 11177: 11161:10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQCOM_00128 11111: 11087: 11055: 11026: 11017: 10991: 10905: 10892: 10801: 10711: 10669: 10644: 10622:10.1111/j.1467-9744.2008.00925.x 10552: 10540: 10526: 10499: 10471: 10457: 10418: 10387: 10366: 10357: 10323:Journal of Shi'a Islamic Studies 10267: 10217: 10112: 10095: 10065: 10052: 10040: 9973: 9959: 9947: 9920: 9897: 9865: 9840: 9791: 9779: 9765: 9700: 9689: 9666: 9653: 9600: 9582: 9564: 9552: 9492: 9253:Crone, Patricia (10 June 2008). 8899: 8670:John Gilchrist, Jam' Al-Qur'an. 7394:Luxenberg's Syro-Aramaic reading 7386: 7369: 7357: 7339: 7330: 7321: 7312: 7302: 7293: 7284: 7266:) was Salim, the freed slave of 7037: 6975:The Arabic pronunciation can be 6939: 6937:; especially in British English 6916: 6887: 6867: 6850: 6827: 6798: 6678: 6664: 6650: 6130: 6112: 6097: 6078: 5756:rules are Matn al-Jazariyyah by 5674: 5662: 5638: 5622: 5610: 4965:the background of its revelation 4850: 4835: 4815: 4795: 4783: 4757: 4733: 4714: 4340:period and the following years. 4217: 3626: 3376: 3334:, citing the work of the critic 3214:but this has been criticized by 2908:, the Indian televangelist; and 2602:in terms of today's ethic values 2516:), developed as an evolution of 2191:considers animal sacrifice as a 2055:Prophets and messengers in Islam 2045:and relationship with creation. 1797:, as well as understanding it. 1212:who were taken prisoners at the 1166: 215: 193: 21354:Miracles attributed to Muhammad 20772:List of ex-Muslim organisations 18667:(The Sacred or Forbidden Month) 18072:('Sanctuary (which is) Secure') 17428:Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog 16102:', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter') 15595:. Berlin: Verlag Hans Schiler. 15338:. Georgetown University Press. 15152:(1960–2007). "al-Iskandar". In 14991:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 14830:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27495 14519:. Vol. 7. Washington, DC: 14370:Iriye, A.; Saunier, P. (2009). 14079:Dictionary of African Biography 14073:James, David (1 January 2011). 13582:Taha Shoeb (2 February 2018) . 12653:. The Other Press. p. 28. 12374:. Vanguard Press. p. 143. 11189:Apocalypse And/or Metamorphosis 10655:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 117–18. 10572: 10437:Haleem, Muhammad Abdel (2005). 10101:Vgl. Birışık: "Kurʾâniyyûn" in 9677:. Chabad-Lubavitch Media Center 9461: 9447: 9418: 9393: 9361: 9339: 9326: 9189: 9146: 8986: 8966: 8914:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 8905: 8880: 8866: 8788: 8779: 8761:Texts and Studies on the Qurʼān 8748: 8729: 8681: 8664: 8622: 8466: 8431: 8345: 8204: 8169: 8157: 8114: 8102: 8090: 8068: 8001:. Univ. Press. pp. 31–51. 7965: 7953: 7851: 7838: 7822: 7810: 7798: 7671: 7642: 7624: 7511: 7275: 7249: 7240: 7231: 7218: 7193: 7140: 6882:; especially with the spelling 6615: 6437:Biblical and Quranic narratives 6176: 6107:script, eighth or ninth century 5330: 5185:'s interpretation of the Quran 4477:, followed by any other section 3507:continued for hundreds of years 2462:. The term chosen for charity, 1668:Islamic archaeological document 1437: 1405: 405:The Quran assumes the reader's 389: 378: 27:Central religious text of Islam 17971:Salsabīl (A river in Paradise) 17864:at the time of Abraham and Lot 17328:(People of Sodom and Gomorrah) 16995:(King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd)) 16487:(Joachim the father of Maryam) 15891: 15878: 15785:Quran browsers and translation 15767: 15259:. Edinburgh University Press. 15051:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 14953:. Princeton University Press. 14717:. Cambridge University Press. 14521:Catholic University of America 14399:. Springer. pp. 265–266. 13693:The art of reciting the Qur'an 13454:Pal, Amaninder (5 May 2016) . 12961:Keeler, Annabel (2006). "Sufi 12543:. Tawheed Institute Australia. 12347:. WestBow Press. p. 287. 12221:Guessoum, Nidhal (June 2008). 11035:Historical Dictionary of Yemen 10603:Guessoum, Nidhal (June 2008). 10289:Islamic Theories of Abrogation 10107:Quran: A Reformist Translation 9955:https://sunnah.com/nawawi40:34 9354: 8353:"معهد الفتح الإسلامي يرحب بكم" 8141:10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_4746 8027:The Cambridge history of Islam 7875:. ICAS press. pp. 11–15. 7617:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 7524:. Vol. 5 (1st ed.). 7471:. Vol. 1 (1st ed.). 7458: 7446: 7434: 7422: 7410: 7030: 6983:. The actual pronunciation in 6969: 6790: 6330:has banned Quran mobile apps. 5576:, use the plural and singular 5504:Najm al-Din Abu Hafs al-Nasafi 5128:Commentaries dealing with the 5121:itself goes hand in hand with 5015:used assertive titles such as 4536:Guide us to the straight path— 2611: 1740:history of the Quran and Islam 1640:consonantal text of the Qurʾān 13: 1: 17890: 15672:(First ed.). Routledge. 14875:History of Islamic Philosophy 14822:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three 14597:Luxenberg, Christoph (2007). 14330:. Princeton University Press. 13798:Hekmat Nasser, Shady (2012). 13640:. In Nooshin, Laundan (ed.). 13605:Ejaz Taj (6 September 2018). 12936:Sands, Kristin Zahra (2006). 12830:Nakissa, Aria (20 May 2019). 12647:Yusuf, Badmas 'Lanre (2009). 12195:LESTER, TOBY (January 1999). 11841:. Mardin Artuklu University. 11618:Wensinck, A.J. "Muʿd̲j̲iza". 11095:Encyclopaedia of Islam Online 10317:Ismail, Mohammed Ali (2016). 9306:Bietenholz, Peter G. (1994). 9153:Dan Bilefsky (22 July 2015). 9101:Lester, Toby (January 1999). 8480:(in Dutch). 18 February 2016. 7912:Handbook of Islamic Marketing 7377:King of the Day of Judgement. 7365:King of the Day of Judgement. 6778: 6695:List of chapters in the Quran 6496:) and devotional literature ( 6025:and, on rarer occasions, the 5877:formal conditions of ablution 5789:Quran recitation competitions 5699:Men reading the Quran at the 5690: 5494:Abu Mansur Abdullah al-Ansari 4443: 3019:List of chapters in the Quran 2600:practices that pose problems 2167:is celebrated to commemorate 1728: 1616:Birmingham mus'haf manuscript 1311:prefer the second meaning of 1240:Traditionally believed to be 1162:Historiography of early Islam 96: 20757:Apostasy in Islam by country 20634:Liberalism and progressivism 18763:(The Afternoon or the Night) 18661:12 months: Four holy months 18213:('Place-of-Landing Blessed') 17806:(s) or People of the Injil) 17144:Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel 16673:names and titles of Muhammad 16391: 15918:found in the Quran, such as 15668:, et al., eds. (2005). 15644:, et al., eds. (2001). 15412:The Commentary on the Qurʼān 15102:; et al., eds. (2006). 14929:. I.B. Tauris. p. 174. 13676:. 4 May 2020. Archived from 12119: 12072: 11530:For example see comments by 11366:Peterson, Daniel C. (1990). 11063:Jamal Malik (6 April 2020). 11033:Burrowes, Robert D. (2010). 10506:ÖZ, Ahmet (31 August 2024). 9182:. See Stephen J. Shoemaker, 8515: 7914:. Edward Elgar. p. 38. 7830:Encyclopedia of Islam Online 7716:. A&C Black. p. 2. 7710:Wheeler, Brannon M. (2002). 7403: 7146:(English spelling) The form 6767:Islamic schools and branches 6430: 6284: 6279:edition of the Quran in 1924 5556:in 1937, and yet another by 5421:received letters by Muhammad 5224:hermeneutical interpretation 5172:) rather than explanations ( 4778:or "Verse of Light" (24:35). 2542:pre-Islamic Arabic tradition 2495:the way a woman should dress 1416: 1373:Compilation and preservation 1298: 974: 7: 18532:(Flood of the Great Dam of 16853:Adam's immediate relatives 15716:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 15670:The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia 15647:Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an 15218:Ziolkowski, Jan M. (2007). 14848:. Oxford University Press. 14765:. Oxford University Press. 14187:10.1093/library/s6-12.4.273 14081:. Oxford University Press. 13894:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 13867:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 13722:"Written Transmission," by 13518:The Qur'an: an Encyclopedia 13496:The University of Edinburgh 13349:. July 2009. Archived from 13220:The Qur'an: an Encyclopedia 13121:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 13115:Elias, Jamal (2010). "Sufi 12967:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 11961:. The National Post Company 11594:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 11466:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 10822:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 10693:"Reasonable Doubts Podcast" 10582:The Qurʼan: An Encyclopedia 10443:. I.B. Tauris. p. 82. 10380:, OUP Oxford, 2012, p 744, 10144:Elizabeth M. Bucar (2011). 9475:The Qur'an: an Encyclopedia 9227:The Qurʼan: an introduction 9014:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 8816:The Qur'an: an Encyclopedia 8723:The Shi'a and their Beliefs 8676:Al-Itqan fii Ulum al-Qur'an 8050:Denffer, Ahmad von (1985). 7494:"Google Books Ngram Viewer" 7211: 7205: 7101: 6772:Schools of Islamic theology 6643: 6638:Youngstown State University 6147: 6142:script, 14th–15th centuries 5813: 5799: 5752: 5584:instead of the more common 5303: 5283: 5261: 5218: 5168: 5136: 4911: 4905: 4886: 4860:script, 18th–19th centuries 4824:classical Kufic calligraphy 4673: 4661: 4491:Recitation of Al-Fatiha in 4318: 3801:("Stories of the Prophets") 3568: 3514: 3435: 3397: 3369: 3363: 3351: 3299:Boys studying the Quran in 3277: 3271: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3235: 3229: 3164: 3142: 3078:Chapters are classified as 2912:, the Turkish creationist. 2582: 2350:; 272-274) In the story of 2303:he will return to the earth 2281:in the Quran. According to 2118:. Muslims regard him as an 2048: 1889:that will remain until the 1745: 1692: 1587:Since Muslims could regard 1522: 1508: 1477: 1467: 1423: 1361: 1355: 1341: 1313: 1288: 1253: 1142: 1136: 1130: 1124: 1118: 1112: 1106: 1100: 1089: 1081: 1073: 1065: 1059: 1047: 1039: 1033: 1027: 1006: 993: 986: 955: 944: 933: 464: 456: 444: 285: 272: 81:Birmingham Quran manuscript 65: 10: 21375: 20684: 18739:('Remembrance', including 18385:(literally 'The Barrier') 17413:('Companions of the Wood') 17302:Companions of the Elephant 17251:People of the Burnt Garden 17226: 16615:('Companion of the Whale') 16211:('The Trustworthy Spirit') 15806:Quran text and translation 15629:. Oxford University Press. 15398: 15317:Major Themes of the Qur'an 15124:Tabatabae, Mohammad Hosayn 14685: 14665:Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān 14347:Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān 13824:Al-Hurr al-Amili, Muhammad 13773:Journal of Quranic Studies 12596:"Abrogation in the Qur'ān" 12045:Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān 11639:Encyclopedia of the Qur'an 11504:Princeton University Press 11462:Wild, Stefan, ed. (2006). 11330:"Körner, Moses B. Eliezer" 11273:Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān 11153:Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān 10580:. In Oliver Leaman (ed.). 9927:Kassis, Riad Aziz (1999). 9847:Islamic sage Al-khidr..." 9020:(1): 143–145. April 2004. 8721:Shirazi, Muhammad (2008). 8706:Shirazi, Muhammad (2001). 8586:"Poetry and Language", by 8438:Global Journal Al-Thaqafah 8245:Tafseer Soorah Al -Hujurat 8178:Journal of Quranic Studies 7631:Guillaume, Alfred (1954). 7428:dictionary.reference.com: 7416:dictionary.reference.com: 7199:According to Welch in the 6434: 6393:and the giant fish in the 6288: 5978: 5974: 5825: 5718: 5681:Verses 33 and 34 of surat 5525:Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete 5340: 5334: 5214:Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i 5065: 4869: 4588:لَمۡ یَلِدۡ وَلَمۡ یُولَدۡ 4447: 3512:The first works about the 3495:scientific prophecy claims 3380: 3016: 2775: 2615: 2052: 1940: 1764:. Narratives of the early 1749: 1623:: "ٮسم الله الرحمں الرحىم" 1595:punishable by death under 1576: 1376: 1155: 1151: 29: 21225: 21168: 21111: 20970: 20895: 20780: 20747: 20697: 20693: 20679: 20606: 20573: 20545:Geography and cartography 20520: 20467: 20463: 20447: 20273: 20195: 20142: 20091: 20087: 20063: 19933: 19815: 19775: 19658: 19610: 19534: 19530: 19519: 19468: 19427: 19355: 19278: 19239: 19188: 19154: 19118: 19091: 19013: 19006:('Mother of the Book(s)') 18921: 18915: 18910: 18876: 18710: 18681: 18650: 18632:(The Sabbath or Saturday) 18610: 18558: 18554: 18507: 18496: 18357: 18246: 18193: 18133: 17978: 17926:, literally 'The Garden') 17896: 17885: 17815:Qissis (Christian priest) 17731: 17667: 17594: 17518: 17349: 17236: 17232: 17221: 17153: 17089: 17020: 16959: 16846: 16842: 16831: 16790: 16741: 16644: 16403: 16399: 16386: 16349: 16306: 16261: 16113: 16044: 15942: 15935: 15931: 15897: 15886: 15873: 15865:People and things in the 15278:(1 ed.). Routledge. 15084:10.1017/S0020743800056312 15027:. San Francisco: Harper. 14925:Guessoum, Nidhal (2011). 14794:10.1017/s0020743800053320 14692:Al-Jallad, Ahmad (2022). 14516:New Catholic Encyclopedia 14374:. Springer. p. 627. 14042:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund 14011:Faroqhi, Suraiya (2005). 13785:10.3366/e1465359109000424 13691:Nelson, Kristina (2001). 12472:, HarperCollins, p. 1578. 11884:Religion & Literature 11499:The Words and Will of God 10950:. London: Granta. p. 126. 7945:(Rev. ed.). London: 7585:Oxford English Dictionary 7551:Oxford English Dictionary 7521:Oxford English Dictionary 7468:Oxford English Dictionary 7190:(sometimes in lowercase). 7093: 7092: 7080: 7079: 6183:Middle Eastern Christians 6181:) for distribution among 5387:in the face of shifts in 5251:Notable Sufi commentaries 4842:9th-century Quran in the 4583: 4504: 3467:Pre-Islamic Arabic poetry 3204:names or qualities of God 3100: 3099: 2692:eschatological literature 2422:Verse about the month of 2321:Ethico-religious concepts 2291:that He continues to live 1583:Early Quranic manuscripts 1526:in the Islamic world and 1520:, which is the prevalent 1504:ten canonical recitations 1494:said to be written by Ali 1128:), and 'the revelation' ( 962: 961: 356:The Quran is believed by 214: 200: 192: 185: 158: 139: 131: 121: 111: 106: 72: 52: 46: 41: 21184:Luther's Large Catechism 21026:(Judaism, Christianity) 20854:Islamic view of miracles 17862:Mesopotamian polytheists 17810:Ruhban (Christian monks) 17684:(People of the Verandah) 17561:People of Sabaʾ or Sheba 17364:(literally 'The Romans') 17284:Companions of Noah's Ark 17201:Rahmah the wife of Ayyub 17130:(Korah, cousin of Moses) 17050:Magicians of the Pharaoh 16952:(Muhammad's adopted son) 16244:(Angel of Death, Azrael) 16028:(fish or whale) of Jonah 15476:. New York: Harper One. 15276:Approaches to the Qur'ān 14759:"Cosmology and creation" 14465:Bahá'í Reference Library 14326:Hanioğlu, Şükrü (2010). 13926: 13742:Small, Keith E. (2011). 13536:"Art and the Qur'an" by 12787:Quraishi, Asifa (2007). 12297:"The Quran & Hadith" 12172:Islam and Indian Muslims 12136:Ruthven, Malise (1984). 12122:Ibn Ḥanbal and the Miḥna 12089:Pickthall, M.M. (1981). 11727:Islam: The Straight Path 11651:Arberry, Arthur (1956). 11039:Rowman & Littlefield 10855:Moore, Keith L. (1983). 10575:"Science and the Qur'an" 9739:Keeler, Annabel (2005). 9279:Vogel, Frank E. (2000). 9225:Saeed, Abdullah (2008). 9053:10.1163/157005810X504518 9026:10.3366/jqs.2004.6.1.143 7680:Islam: The Straight Path 6977:transcribed phonemically 6783: 6373:Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew 6369:Infancy Gospel of Thomas 6365:Protoevangelium of James 6257:First Constitutional Era 6201:published by the pastor 6170:printing was ordered by 5259:'s (d. 1021) book named 4685:The Quran also inspired 4584:قُلۡ هُوَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدٌ 4581: 4502: 3890:Medieval Islamic science 3426:of composing the Quran. 3387:Islamic view of miracles 2570:story with his daughters 2299:the stories of ascension 2277:dedicated to his mother 2033:, they may have adopted 1718:University of Birmingham 20619:Creationism (evolution) 19345:Forbidden fruit of Adam 18815:('Decline of the Sun') 18703:(The Lesser Pilgrimage) 18433:Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn 17858:at the time of Muhammad 17832:Ahbār (Jewish scholars) 17289:Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm 17185:the companion of Joshua 16019:(female ant) of Solomon 15334:Robinson, Neal (2002). 14900:Dost, Suleyman (2023). 14152:archive.aramcoworld.com 13906:10.3366/jqs.2006.8.2.84 13879:10.3366/jqs.2001.3.1.71 13521:, New York: Routledge, 13182:"How To Read the Quran" 12793:SSRN Electronic Journal 12344:The Leaders Are Coming! 12320:Watton, Victor (1993), 11985:, 21 October 1993, p21. 11731:Oxford University Press 11725:Esposito, John (2010). 11655:. London. p. 191. 11606:10.3366/jqs.2002.4.2.23 11397:Sells, Michael (1999), 10900:A History of Embryology 10834:10.3366/jqs.2001.3.1.91 10534:"Surah Al-Qalam - 1-52" 9285:. Brill. pp. 4–5. 9080:10.1515/islam-2011-0025 8820:. New York: Routledge. 8382:Campo, Juan E. (2009). 7947:I. B. Tauris Publishers 7684:Oxford University Press 7678:Esposito, John (2010). 7590:Oxford University Press 7556:Oxford University Press 7526:Oxford University Press 7473:Oxford University Press 6357:Unitarian Universalists 5443:, who translated surat 5062:Esoteric interpretation 4949:Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr 4935:along with a number of 4511:مَٰلِكِ يَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ 4509:ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ 2995:evolution of human life 2969:Abdul Majeed al-Zindani 2898:Abdul Majeed al-Zindani 2735:king or lord of the day 2578:the consumption of wine 1840:Judeo-Christian stories 1830:literature, as well as 1589:criticism of the Qur'an 21104:(Eastern Christianity) 20869:Persecution of Muslims 20767:List of former Muslims 19684:Succession to Muhammad 18957:(Scroll(s) of Abraham) 18949:(The Book of Muhammad) 18459:Cave of Seven Sleepers 18282:, literally 'Place of 18170:Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah 17546:Companions of the Rass 17447:Companions of Muhammad 17293:Companions of the Cave 16228:Angel of the Trumpet ( 15451:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 15336:Discovering the Qur'an 15274:Hawting, G.R. (1993). 14968:Lings, Martin (2004). 14918:10.1515/mill-2023-0003 14757:Berlin, Adele (2011). 14661:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 14601:. Berlin: H. Schiler. 14395:Kamusella, T. (2012). 14343:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 14181:. s6-12 (4): 273–292. 13954:; et al. (eds.). 13933:]. p. 12/576. 13922:Ibn Taymiyyah, Ahmed. 13802:. Brill Academic Pub. 12979:10.3366/jqs.2006.8.1.1 12518:Sengers, Erik (2005). 12341:Lambert, Gray (2013). 12041:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 11912:Vgl. Neuwirth 172-175. 11697:. Alpha. p. 126. 11621:Encyclopaedia of Islam 11399:Approaching the Qur'ān 11303:, et al. (eds.). 11269:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 11149:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 11143:Massey, Keith (2002). 10398:, et al. (eds.). 10293:: pp. 166–167, 180–182 10024:Islam: a brief history 8995:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 8540:al-Bukhari, Muhammad. 8530: 8415:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 8190:10.3366/jqs.2002.4.1.1 7653:. Alpha. p. 126. 7452:Cambridge dictionary: 7440:Cambridge dictionary: 7272: 6725:Criticism of the Quran 6453: 6427: 6349:progressive revelation 6291:Criticism of the Quran 6157: 5930:Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud 5849: 5711: 5647: 5538: 5391:over the centuries is 5376: 5210: 5196: 5110: 5056:Bediüzzaman Said Nursi 5023: 5009:to interpret the Quran 4983:followers of followers 4941:Abd Allah ibn al-Abbas 4740:Quranic inscriptions, 4597: 4524: 4496: 4478: 4360:weird or pseudoscience 4324:whether it was created 4314: 4267: 3900:Succession to Muhammad 3454: 3441:, a book of prophecy. 3307: 3075: 2900:, who established the 2888:. According to author 2871: 2666: 2431: 2227: 2026: 1808: 1791:meaning of expressions 1671: 1649: 1624: 1528:believe that the Quran 1496: 1267:Encyclopaedia of Islam 1249: 1122:), 'the remembrance' ( 1104:), 'the mother book' ( 32:Quran (disambiguation) 21203:Book of Common Prayer 20663:Conversion to mosques 20530:Alchemy and chemistry 19198:(literally 'lamps'): 19111:statue) of Israelites 19044:(Casket of Shekhinah) 18546:Treaty of Hudaybiyyah 18393:(Black Stone) & 18173:('The Blessed Place') 17641:Daughters of Muhammad 17631:Household of Muhammad 17607:Household of Abraham 17455:(literally 'Helpers') 16910:Disciples (including 16570:the son of Zechariah) 16159:(Honourable Scribes) 16147:Bearers of the Throne 15760:17 March 2022 at the 15375:Wild, Stefan (1996). 15297:(2 ed.). Quest. 14945:Levenson, Jon Douglas 14713:Allen, Roger (2000). 13644:. London: Routledge. 13133:10.3366/jqs.2010.0104 13036:"Al-Mizan Discourses" 12002:Wild, Stefan (1996). 11653:The Koran Interpreted 11554:and similar views by 11496:Peters, F.E. (2003). 11372:FARMS Review of Books 11093:See:* "Kur`an, al-", 10887:Rizvi, Atheist Muslim 10677:The Victory of Reason 10335:10.1353/isl.2016.0014 10022:Sonn, Tamara (2010). 9933:. Brill. p. 51. 9673:Dubov, Nissan Dovid. 9180:invasion of Palestine 8511: 8384:Encyclopedia of Islam 8357:www.alfatihonline.com 8132:Encyclopedia of Islam 7260: 7201:Encyclopedia of Islam 6730:Violence in the Quran 6634:University of Chicago 6440: 6422:, and the Greek hero 6414:and can be traced in 6389: 6377:Arabic Infancy Gospel 6309:Syriac Infancy Gospel 6307:sources, such as the 6222:Muslim legal scholars 6189:in 1537–1538 for the 6155: 6125:, 13th–14th centuries 5847: 5698: 5562:Muhammad Abdel Haleem 5350: 5241:Muhkam and Mutashabih 5205: 5191: 5106: 4999: 4937:Muhammad's companions 4880:Muhkam and Mutashabih 4490: 4472: 4407:muhkam and mutashabih 4331:religious persecution 4309: 4265: 3603:Significance in Islam 3447:splitting of the Moon 3432: 3298: 3257:subdivided into four 3065: 2858:NASA photograph from 2857: 2794:) The astrophysicist 2772:Science and the Quran 2712:numerological methods 2644: 2421: 2403:", the words used by 2257:is another important 2237:prophet and messenger 2209: 2189:Islamic understanding 2112:chapters of the Quran 2021: 1957:contingency arguments 1803: 1661: 1636: 1628:University of Chicago 1609: 1487: 1337:seven different ahruf 1244:'s first revelation, 1239: 927:Etymology and meaning 545:Birmingham manuscript 530:Samarkand Kufic Quran 170:6,236 (excluding the 162:6,348 (including the 21196:Heidelberg Catechism 20389:Ma malakat aymanukum 19964:Association football 18978:(Scroll(s) of Moses) 18856:Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams 18573:('the Confederates') 18561:military expeditions 18336:The Prophet's Mosque 18294:('The Sacred Grove') 18090:(Station of Abraham) 17905:Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah 17581:('Companions of the 17380:(Sodom and Gomorrah) 17372:(Children of Israel) 17067:Moses' sister-in-law 17046:, who adopted Moses) 16989:, Qatafir or Qittin) 16968:Brothers (including 16714:He who spoke to God) 16037:(she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ 16009:sleepers of the cave 15977:) of the Abyssinians 15727:), published by the 15587:Luxenberg, Christoph 15401:List of tafsir works 15356:(15 November 1999). 15043:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein 15019:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein 14543:. Prometheus Books. 14523:. 1967. p. 677. 14487:Reynolds, Gabriel S. 13829:Combat with the Self 13180:(20 November 2008). 13076:on 16 February 2012. 12594:Islahi, Amin Ahsan. 12520:Dutch and Their Gods 12197:"What Is the Koran?" 12106:Why I'm Not a Muslim 11145:"Mysterious Letters" 10485:likewise symbolizes 10382:Google-Books preview 10252:, p. 41–44, 68. 9810:Bentlage et al. 2016 9710:Third Way (magazine) 9103:"What Is the Koran?" 8451:10.7187/GJAT122017-2 7108:[alqurˈʔaːn] 6317:Crucifixion of Jesus 6267:edition of the Quran 5970:Writing and printing 5943:Ibn Amir ad-Dimashqi 5649:L'Alcoran de Mahomet 5540:L'Alcoran de Mahomet 5072:Quranic hermeneutics 5048:Mufti Muhammad Shafi 4945:Abd Allah ibn Mas'ud 4909:) the earlier text ( 4876:Quranic hermeneutics 4624:English translation 4557:English translation 4411:nasıkh and abrogated 3939:Association football 3013:Text and arrangement 2766:historical evolution 2562:pre-Islamic prophets 2140:and builder of the 2110:and mentioned in 35 1542:was the first major 1399:. The first caliph, 1305:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 1202:immigrated to Medina 1180:his first revelation 1158:History of the Quran 366:created or uncreated 95:'s lifetime between 91:likely dated within 21349:Islamic terminology 21339:Medieval literature 21299:(Roman Catholicism) 21255:Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya 21218:(Roman Catholicism) 21212:(Roman Catholicism) 21190:Augsburg Confession 21161:(Roman Catholicism) 21149:(Roman Catholicism) 21072:Nag Hammadi library 20982:(Egyptian religion) 18597:Expedition of Tabuk 18541:Farewell Pilgrimage 18291:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 18210:Munzalanm-Mubārakan 18029:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 18004:Iram of the Pillars 17307:People of al-Ukhdūd 17259:(Companions of the 16718:Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh 15985:Domesticated donkey 15955:(cow) of Israelites 15293:Hixon, Lex (2003). 15150:Watt, W. Montgomery 14628:The Future of Islam 13435:on 18 November 2010 13152:St Francis Magazine 12993:Tabataba'I, Allamah 12875:Tabataba'I, Allamah 12801:10.2139/ssrn.963142 12730:Newman in Meri 2006 12600:Renaissance Journal 12489:. 22 February 2012. 12466:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 12091:The Glorious Qur'an 11560:The legacy of Islam 11532:Arthur John Arberry 11401:, White Cloud Press 11334:Jewish Encyclopedia 9904:Cole, Juan (2021). 9885:on 5 September 2014 9675:"Jewish Meditation" 9612:en.quranacademy.org 9594:en.quranacademy.org 9576:en.quranacademy.org 9201:The Huffington Post 8695:on 27 October 2009. 8646:, pp. 117–124. 8629:Yusuff, Mohamad K. 8086:on 10 January 2012. 7828:See "Ķur'an, al-", 7588:(Online ed.). 7554:(Online ed.). 6762:Hadith al-Thaqalayn 6468:Christoph Luxenberg 6401:Metropolitan Museum 6275:Al-Azhar University 6237:Catherine the Great 6230:Ibrahim Muteferrika 6203:Abraham Hinckelmann 6199:Hinckelmann edition 6161:Wood-block printing 5981:Islamic calligraphy 5932:(Kufa, d. 745) and 5715:Rules of recitation 5574:Marmaduke Pickthall 5566:Sahih International 5558:Arthur John Arberry 5520:Peter the Venerable 5078:Muslim philosophers 4953:Abu Musa al-Ash'ari 4554:Sahih International 3700:Profession of Faith 3673:Day of Resurrection 3597:Sunni radical group 3591:was put forward by 3001:, Muslim historian 2957:hydrogen fuel cells 2886:Islamic creationism 2820:Taha Jabir Alalwani 2618:Islamic eschatology 2606:new interpretations 2518:pre-Islamic Arabian 2411:in discourses are " 2287:Sunni understanding 2183:in general or as a 2039:nature (attributes) 2035:different attitudes 1923:struggle of Abraham 1736:revisionists' views 1393:Battle of al-Yamama 21262:Liber AL vel Legis 21086:(Greek polytheism) 21068:(Roman polytheism) 20874:Quran and miracles 20788:Criticism of Islam 20502:Geometric patterns 20354:Gender segregation 19925:Non-denominational 19052:Trumpet of Israfil 18798:('The Late-Night') 18665:Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām 18411:(Cave of the Bull) 18396:Al-Hijr of Isma'il 18308:Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām 18000:Iram dhāt al-ʿImād 17985:(excluding Madyan) 17908:('The Holy Land') 17856:Meccan polytheists 17794:People of the Book 17652:Household of Salih 17627:Household of Moses 17575:(people of Ṣāliḥ) 17276:Disciples of Jesus 17248:People of Paradise 17040:Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim 16929:People of Solomon 16889:People of Abraham 16869:Believer of Ya-Sin 16837:People of Prophets 16535:(Jethro, Reuel or 16342:('Rebellious one') 16066:Beast of the Earth 15749:Reference material 15615:The Qurʾan as Text 15511:Literary criticism 15377:The Quʼran as Text 15246:Introductory texts 15066:Peters, Francis E. 14461:"The Kitáb-i-Íqán" 14158:on 2 November 2013 14122:muslimheritage.com 13588:The Dawoodi Bohras 13279:. 31 August 2024. 13070:Allamah Tabatabaee 13046:on 8 December 2008 13032:Tabatabai, Allamah 13007:on 1 December 2008 12440:. 31 August 2024. 12139:Islam in the World 12004:The Quʼran as Text 11130:, 'to cut, break'. 10865:on 29 January 2020 10231:on 29 January 2022 10083:on 5 November 2021 9637:HarperSanFrancisco 8474:"Wat is de Koran?" 8276:. 15 February 2023 7748:on 18 October 2017 7620:. Merriam-Webster. 6735:Women in the Quran 6715:Quran and miracles 6705:Quran translations 6686:Middle Ages portal 6428: 6412:other sacred texts 6328:Chinese government 6158: 5850: 5712: 5570:Abdullah Yusuf Ali 5441:Salman the Persian 5377: 5337:Quran translations 5211: 5115:Islamic philosophy 5100:that goes back to 5082:Quranic literalism 5032:Tafsir al-Jalalayn 5024: 4844:Reza Abbasi Museum 4742:Bara Gumbad mosque 4497: 4479: 4421:understandings to 4322:). Its nature and 4303:together known as 4273:the belief in fate 4268: 3455: 3308: 3116:as the opening of 3076: 2999:Ashraf ‘Ali Thanvi 2967:), co-authored by 2872: 2739:māliki yawmi-d-dīn 2680:Beast of the Earth 2667: 2647:Pierre Daniel Huet 2555:religious problems 2538:temporary marriage 2432: 2405:Islamic philosophy 2387:today, as well as 2364:Alcmaeon of Croton 2342:) and even employ 2228: 2027: 2024:Reza Abbasi Museum 1867:Yusuf and Zulaikha 1832:pre-Islamic Arabia 1809: 1698:radiocarbon dating 1684:Sana'a manuscripts 1672: 1625: 1614:as written on the 1497: 1309:W. Montgomery Watt 1250: 794:Biblical parallels 540:Topkapi manuscript 425:moral significance 362:Muslim theologians 339:Islamic holy books 225:English Wikisource 79:Two folios of the 21324:7th-century books 21306: 21305: 21284:The Satanic Bible 21178:Guru Granth Sahib 20925: 20924: 20891: 20890: 20887: 20886: 20859:Domestic violence 20849:Islamic terrorism 20844:Islamic extremism 20675: 20674: 20671: 20670: 20443: 20442: 20439: 20438: 20229:Marriage contract 20059: 20058: 20019:Political aspects 19806:Story of Prophets 19575:Prophets of Islam 19478: 19477: 19464: 19463: 19437:(Water or fluid) 19423: 19422: 19410:Sidrat al-Muntahā 19254:(Garlic or wheat) 19184: 19183: 19180: 19179: 18906: 18905: 18902: 18901: 18848:('The Afternoon') 18839:('The Afternoon') 18769:('The Mornings') 18602:Conquest of Mecca 18587:Battle of Khaybar 18523:Event of Mubahala 18519:(Night of Decree) 18492: 18491: 18447:Bilād ar-Rāfidayn 18390:Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad 18353: 18352: 18345:Salat (Synagogue) 18298:Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā 18149:Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan 17982:Arabian Peninsula 17957:Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn 17881: 17880: 17877: 17876: 17873: 17872: 17663: 17662: 17659: 17658: 17611:Brothers of Yūsuf 17482:Children of Ayyub 17475:Wife of Abu Lahab 17433:People of Fir'aun 17424:(People of Jonah) 17398:People of Shuaib 17384:People of Ibrahim 17317:People of Yathrib 17217: 17216: 17213: 17212: 17192:Nebuchadnezzar II 17085: 17084: 16827: 16826: 16823: 16822: 16786: 16785: 16655:and Strong Will') 16382: 16381: 16378: 16377: 16257: 16256: 16197:(Gabriel, chief) 16109: 16108: 15709:Academic journals 15700:978-1-926620-00-8 15679:978-0-415-77529-8 15657:978-90-04-11465-4 15602:978-3-89930-088-8 15578:978-81-208-1952-8 15531:978-1-872531-65-6 15502:978-0-19-511148-4 15483:978-0-06-143828-8 15464:978-0-521-36470-6 15421:978-0-19-920142-6 15386:978-90-04-09300-3 15379:. Leiden: Brill. 15367:978-1-883991-26-5 15345:978-1-58901-024-6 15326:978-0-226-70286-5 15304:978-0-8356-0822-0 15285:978-0-415-05755-4 15266:978-0-7486-0597-2 15231:978-0-472-03379-9 15141:978-0-7103-0266-3 15115:978-1-4051-1752-4 15034:978-0-06-050714-5 14981:978-1-901383-07-2 14936:978-1-84885-517-5 14892:978-0-7103-0416-2 14855:978-0-19-285344-8 14734:Reichmuth, Stefan 14724:978-0-521-77657-8 14705:978-90-04-50427-1 14638:978-0-19-516521-0 14608:978-3-89930-088-8 14550:978-1-57392-945-5 14500:978-0-203-93960-4 14441:. 15 October 2021 14406:978-0-230-58347-4 14381:978-1-349-74030-7 14296:978-1-85043-760-4 14096:978-0-19-538207-5 14024:978-1-85043-760-4 13997:978-90-04-10692-5 13982:Riddell, Peter G. 13967:978-1-4051-1752-4 13948:Déroche, François 13846:on 9 October 2023 13809:978-90-04-24081-0 13771:to One Another". 13753:978-0-7391-4291-2 13702:978-977-424-594-7 13651:978-0-7546-3457-7 13528:978-0-415-32639-1 13429:Read Quran Online 13410:978-0-300-09422-0 13380:. 12 August 2010. 13353:on 29 April 2014. 13312:on 17 April 2009. 13262:. 31 August 2024. 13230:978-0-415-32639-1 13098:978-1-4051-8820-3 12947:978-0-415-36685-4 12922:978-1-4051-8820-3 12853:978-0-19-093288-6 12752:. 10 October 2020 12420:Jens Zimmermann, 12410:. 31 August 2024. 12381:978-1-59315-706-7 12354:978-1-4497-6013-7 12330:978-0-340-58795-9 12181:978-81-7835-805-5 12149:978-0-19-530503-6 12013:978-90-04-09300-3 11740:978-0-19-539600-3 11704:978-1-59257-222-9 11517:978-0-691-11461-3 11473:978-3-447-05383-9 11314:978-1-4051-1752-4 11217:ICS/Masjid Tucson 11080:978-90-04-42271-1 10450:978-1-86064-650-8 10411:978-1-4051-1752-4 10273:Yaron, Shlomith. 10033:978-1-4051-8093-1 10005:978-0-02-865603-8 9940:978-90-04-11305-3 9833:978-0-7735-2427-9 9797:Sahih al-Bukhari 9785:Sahih al-Bukhari 9761:on 29 April 2016. 9754:978-0-567-08171-1 9485:978-0-415-32639-1 9436:978-1-78673-131-9 9411:978-90-04-35599-6 9379:978-90-04-27764-9 9236:978-0-415-42124-9 8827:978-0-415-32639-1 8546:sahih-bukhari.com 8393:978-0-8160-5454-1 8150:978-90-04-08265-6 8061:978-0-86037-132-8 8036:978-0-521-29135-4 8008:978-0-85224-171-4 7921:978-1-84980-013-6 7882:978-1-904063-30-8 7723:978-0-8264-4957-3 7693:978-0-19-539600-3 7660:978-1-59257-222-9 7596:(Subscription or 7562:(Subscription or 6598:Prophets of Islam 6396:Jami' al-tawarikh 6195:Paganino Paganini 5995:-typescript. The 5496:wrote a complete 5488:to translate the 5381:range of meanings 5028:Tafsir Ibn Kathir 4858:Shikasta nastaliq 4628: 4627: 4612:—Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ 4586:ٱللَّهُ ٱلصَّمَدُ 4561: 4560: 4488: 4285:to read the Quran 4260: 4259: 3564:Angelika Neuwirth 3459:Arabic literature 3120:'s letter to the 2921:quantum mechanics 2649:(1700), locating 2391:teachings, hence 2224:Jami' al-tawarikh 1963:. Therefore, the 1693:scriptio inferior 1645:numerous variants 1601:textual criticism 1573:Academic research 1552:Abbasid caliphate 1451:Arabian Peninsula 1182:in 610 CE in the 1172:Islamic tradition 1116:), 'the wisdom' ( 924: 923: 808:Mentioned by name 409:recounted in the 329:, a proof of his 294:Arabic literature 244:, is the central 236:, also romanized 230: 229: 63: 16:(Redirected from 21366: 21329:Islamic theology 21159:Summa Theologica 21147:Ambrosian Hymnal 20952: 20945: 20938: 20929: 20928: 20915: 20914: 20907:Islam portal 20905: 20904: 20903: 20695: 20694: 20687: 20681: 20680: 20522:Medieval science 20465: 20464: 20455: 20449: 20448: 20106:Economic history 20089: 20088: 20065: 20064: 20051:Islam by country 19884:Bektashi Alevism 19532: 19531: 19523:Outline of Islam 19505: 19498: 19491: 19482: 19481: 19364:Plants of Sheba 19276: 19275: 19119:Of Noah's people 19089: 19088: 19057: 19056: 19048:Throne of Bilqis 19041:Tābūt as-Sakīnah 18982:Tablets of Stone 18912: 18911: 18895:First Pilgrimage 18711:Times for prayer 18654:Islamic calendar 18582:Battle of Hunayn 18556: 18555: 18498: 18497: 18437:Bayt al-Muqaddas 17976: 17975: 17887: 17886: 17646:Muhammad's wives 17621:Progeny of Imran 17503:Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj 17405:People of Madyan 17347: 17346: 17336: 17335: 17234: 17233: 17223: 17222: 16957: 16956: 16923:Zechariah's wife 16907:People of Jesus 16896:Ishmael's mother 16844: 16843: 16833: 16832: 16642: 16641: 16583:Isrāʾīl (Israel) 16568:John the Baptist 16401: 16400: 16388: 16387: 16181: 16180: 16175:Munkar and Nakir 15940: 15939: 15933: 15932: 15888: 15887: 15875: 15874: 15859: 15852: 15845: 15836: 15835: 15810:Tufts University 15704: 15683: 15661: 15630: 15623:Wansbrough, John 15618: 15606: 15582: 15559: 15548:. Curzon Press. 15540:Boullata, Issa J 15535: 15506: 15487: 15468: 15439: 15425: 15390: 15371: 15349: 15330: 15308: 15289: 15270: 15235: 15214: 15185: 15145: 15133: 15119: 15095: 15061: 15059: 15057: 15038: 15014: 14985: 14964: 14940: 14921: 14896: 14879:Sherrard, Philip 14866: 14864: 14862: 14847: 14833: 14805: 14776: 14753: 14728: 14709: 14679: 14678: 14653: 14647: 14646: 14623:Esposito, John L 14619: 14613: 14612: 14594: 14588: 14582: 14576: 14573: 14567: 14561: 14555: 14554: 14531: 14525: 14524: 14511: 14505: 14504: 14482: 14476: 14475: 14473: 14471: 14457: 14451: 14450: 14448: 14446: 14429: 14423: 14417: 14411: 14410: 14392: 14386: 14385: 14367: 14361: 14360: 14338: 14332: 14331: 14323: 14317: 14307: 14301: 14300: 14281:Faroqhi, Suraiya 14277: 14271: 14270: 14268: 14266: 14252: 14246: 14245: 14243: 14241: 14227: 14221: 14220: 14218: 14216: 14207:. Archived from 14201:"Paganini Quran" 14197: 14191: 14190: 14174: 14168: 14167: 14165: 14163: 14154:. Archived from 14144: 14138: 14132: 14126: 14125: 14114: 14108: 14107: 14105: 14103: 14070: 14064: 14063: 14038: 14029: 14028: 14008: 14002: 14001: 13978: 13972: 13971: 13944: 13935: 13934: 13924:Majmue Alfatawaa 13919: 13910: 13909: 13889: 13883: 13882: 13862: 13856: 13855: 13853: 13851: 13842:. Archived from 13820: 13814: 13813: 13795: 13789: 13788: 13764: 13758: 13757: 13739: 13733: 13724:François Déroche 13713: 13707: 13706: 13688: 13682: 13681: 13666: 13660: 13659: 13654:. Archived from 13633: 13627: 13626: 13624: 13622: 13613:. Archived from 13602: 13596: 13595: 13590:. Archived from 13579: 13573: 13572: 13570: 13568: 13553: 13547: 13531: 13509: 13500: 13499: 13493: 13484: 13478: 13477: 13475: 13473: 13464:. Archived from 13451: 13445: 13444: 13442: 13440: 13431:. Archived from 13421: 13415: 13414: 13398: 13388: 13382: 13381: 13370: 13364: 13361: 13355: 13354: 13347:Monthly Crescent 13339: 13333: 13330: 13320: 13314: 13313: 13308:. Archived from 13302: 13296: 13295: 13293: 13291: 13285: 13278: 13270: 13264: 13263: 13261: 13253: 13247: 13240: 13234: 13233: 13210: 13199: 13198: 13196: 13194: 13174: 13168: 13167: 13165: 13163: 13143: 13137: 13136: 13112: 13103: 13102: 13084: 13078: 13077: 13062: 13056: 13055: 13053: 13051: 13042:. Archived from 13028: 13017: 13016: 13014: 13012: 13003:. Archived from 13001:Tafseer Al-Mizan 12989: 12983: 12982: 12958: 12952: 12951: 12933: 12927: 12926: 12908: 12899: 12898: 12896: 12894: 12885:. Archived from 12871: 12865: 12864: 12862: 12860: 12827: 12821: 12820: 12784: 12778: 12773: 12762: 12761: 12759: 12757: 12746: 12740: 12739: 12727: 12721: 12718: 12712: 12709: 12703: 12702: 12700: 12698: 12689:. Search Truth. 12683: 12677: 12676: 12674: 12672: 12644: 12638: 12637: 12629: 12623: 12617: 12611: 12610: 12608: 12606: 12591: 12585: 12584: 12579:. Archived from 12577:mostmerciful.com 12569: 12563: 12562: 12557:. Archived from 12551: 12545: 12544: 12533: 12524: 12523: 12515: 12509: 12508: 12501:Street, Brian V. 12497: 12491: 12490: 12479: 12473: 12463: 12457: 12456: 12454: 12452: 12446: 12439: 12431: 12425: 12418: 12412: 12411: 12404: 12398: 12392: 12386: 12385: 12365: 12359: 12358: 12338: 12332: 12318: 12312: 12311: 12309: 12307: 12292: 12286: 12285: 12283: 12281: 12266: 12260: 12259: 12257: 12255: 12242: 12218: 12212: 12211: 12209: 12207: 12192: 12186: 12185: 12167: 12161: 12160: 12158: 12156: 12133: 12127: 12117: 12111: 12101: 12095: 12094: 12086: 12080: 12070: 12061: 12055: 12049: 12048: 12036: 12030: 12017: 11992: 11986: 11977: 11971: 11970: 11968: 11966: 11950: 11944: 11943: 11941: 11939: 11919: 11913: 11910: 11904: 11898: 11892: 11891: 11879: 11873: 11870: 11864: 11861: 11855: 11854: 11852: 11850: 11834: 11828: 11827: 11825: 11823: 11817: 11810: 11801: 11795: 11784: 11775: 11774: 11772: 11770: 11754: 11748: 11747: 11729:(4th ed.). 11722: 11713: 11712: 11690: 11684: 11683: 11677: 11669: 11648: 11642: 11631: 11625: 11616: 11610: 11609: 11589: 11580: 11575:Alfred Guillaume 11569:, Martin Zammit 11528: 11522: 11521: 11493: 11487: 11484: 11478: 11477: 11459: 11453: 11447: 11441: 11440: 11409: 11403: 11402: 11394: 11388: 11387: 11385: 11383: 11363: 11357: 11351: 11345: 11344: 11342: 11340: 11325: 11319: 11318: 11292: 11286: 11285: 11265:Boullata, Issa J 11261: 11255: 11254: 11253:on 1 March 2024. 11252: 11246:. Archived from 11245: 11237:Philips, Bilal. 11234: 11228: 11227: 11225: 11223: 11209: 11203: 11202: 11185:Brown, Norman O. 11181: 11175: 11174: 11140: 11131: 11129: 11128: 11121: 11120: 11115: 11109: 11103: 11097: 11091: 11085: 11084: 11059: 11053: 11052: 11030: 11024: 11021: 11015: 11014: 11012: 11010: 11004:The Mail Archive 10995: 10989: 10983: 10977: 10976: 10974: 10972: 10957: 10951: 10940: 10934: 10933: 10931: 10929: 10909: 10903: 10896: 10890: 10884: 10875: 10874: 10872: 10870: 10852: 10846: 10845: 10817: 10811: 10805: 10799: 10793: 10782: 10781: 10779: 10777: 10762: 10749: 10748: 10746: 10744: 10733: 10727: 10726: 10715: 10709: 10708: 10706: 10704: 10689: 10680: 10673: 10667: 10666: 10648: 10642: 10641: 10639: 10637: 10624: 10600: 10594: 10593: 10591: 10589: 10579: 10570: 10564: 10563: 10556: 10550: 10547:Sahih al-Bukhari 10544: 10538: 10537: 10530: 10524: 10523: 10521: 10519: 10503: 10497: 10475: 10469: 10468: 10461: 10455: 10454: 10434: 10428: 10422: 10416: 10415: 10391: 10385: 10370: 10364: 10361: 10355: 10354: 10314: 10308: 10303: 10294: 10284: 10278: 10271: 10265: 10259: 10253: 10247: 10241: 10240: 10238: 10236: 10227:. Archived from 10221: 10215: 10214: 10212: 10210: 10195: 10189: 10188: 10186: 10184: 10175:. Archived from 10168: 10162: 10161: 10141: 10135: 10134: 10132: 10130: 10116: 10110: 10099: 10093: 10092: 10090: 10088: 10079:. Archived from 10069: 10063: 10056: 10050: 10044: 10038: 10037: 10019: 10010: 10009: 9989: 9980: 9977: 9971: 9970: 9963: 9957: 9951: 9945: 9944: 9924: 9918: 9917: 9901: 9895: 9894: 9892: 9890: 9884: 9878:. Archived from 9877: 9869: 9863: 9849:Stephanie Dalley 9844: 9838: 9837: 9819: 9813: 9807: 9801: 9795: 9789: 9783: 9777: 9769: 9763: 9762: 9757:. Archived from 9736: 9727: 9726: 9724: 9722: 9704: 9698: 9693: 9687: 9686: 9684: 9682: 9670: 9664: 9657: 9651: 9650: 9622: 9616: 9615: 9604: 9598: 9597: 9586: 9580: 9579: 9568: 9562: 9556: 9550: 9544: 9538: 9532: 9526: 9520: 9514: 9508: 9502: 9496: 9490: 9489: 9465: 9459: 9458: 9451: 9445: 9444: 9422: 9416: 9415: 9397: 9391: 9390: 9365: 9359: 9357: 9356: 9343: 9337: 9330: 9324: 9323: 9303: 9297: 9296: 9276: 9270: 9269: 9267: 9265: 9250: 9241: 9240: 9222: 9213: 9212: 9210: 9208: 9193: 9187: 9176: 9170: 9169: 9167: 9165: 9150: 9144: 9143: 9141: 9139: 9130:Coughlan, Sean. 9127: 9118: 9117: 9115: 9113: 9098: 9092: 9091: 9063: 9057: 9056: 9036: 9030: 9029: 9009: 9003: 9002: 8990: 8984: 8970: 8964: 8963: 8939: 8930: 8929: 8909: 8903: 8897: 8891: 8884: 8878: 8875:higher criticism 8870: 8864: 8831: 8819: 8806: 8795: 8792: 8786: 8783: 8777: 8776: 8752: 8746: 8745: 8733: 8727: 8726: 8718: 8712: 8711: 8703: 8697: 8696: 8685: 8679: 8668: 8662: 8656: 8647: 8641: 8635: 8634: 8626: 8620: 8608:François Déroche 8578: 8569: 8563: 8557: 8556: 8554: 8552: 8537: 8531: 8518: 8505: 8494: 8488: 8482: 8481: 8470: 8464: 8463: 8453: 8429: 8423: 8422: 8407: 8398: 8397: 8379: 8368: 8367: 8365: 8363: 8349: 8343: 8342: 8340: 8338: 8324: 8313: 8312: 8310: 8308: 8297: 8286: 8285: 8283: 8281: 8270: 8259: 8258: 8240: 8227: 8226: 8224: 8222: 8208: 8202: 8201: 8173: 8167: 8161: 8155: 8154: 8118: 8112: 8106: 8100: 8094: 8088: 8087: 8072: 8066: 8065: 8047: 8041: 8040: 8022: 8013: 8012: 7994: 7975: 7969: 7963: 7957: 7951: 7950: 7939:Fisher, Mary Pat 7935: 7926: 7925: 7907: 7901: 7893: 7887: 7886: 7873:Quranic Sciences 7868: 7862: 7855: 7849: 7842: 7836: 7826: 7820: 7814: 7808: 7802: 7796: 7791: 7758: 7757: 7755: 7753: 7744:. Archived from 7734: 7728: 7727: 7707: 7701: 7700: 7682:(4th ed.). 7675: 7669: 7668: 7646: 7640: 7639: 7628: 7622: 7621: 7608: 7602: 7601: 7593: 7581: 7574: 7568: 7567: 7559: 7547: 7540: 7534: 7533: 7528:. 1901. p. 7515: 7509: 7508: 7506: 7504: 7490: 7481: 7480: 7475:. 1888. p. 7462: 7456: 7450: 7444: 7438: 7432: 7426: 7420: 7414: 7397: 7390: 7379: 7373: 7367: 7361: 7350: 7343: 7337: 7334: 7328: 7325: 7319: 7316: 7310: 7306: 7300: 7297: 7291: 7288: 7282: 7279: 7273: 7253: 7247: 7244: 7238: 7235: 7229: 7222: 7216: 7214: 7208: 7197: 7191: 7144: 7138: 7137: 7134: 7131: 7127: 7124: 7121: 7118: 7115: 7111: 7110: 7104: 7098: 7097: 7095: 7085: 7084: 7082: 7075:vocalized Arabic 7070: 7063: 7062: 7059: 7058: 7055: 7052: 7049: 7046: 7043: 7034: 7028: 7026: 7018: 7010: 7002: 6994: 6982: 6973: 6967: 6965: 6964: 6961: 6960: 6957: 6954: 6951: 6948: 6945: 6936: 6935: 6932: 6931: 6928: 6925: 6922: 6913: 6912: 6909: 6908: 6905: 6902: 6899: 6896: 6893: 6881: 6880: 6877: 6876: 6873: 6864: 6863: 6860: 6859: 6856: 6847: 6846: 6843: 6842: 6839: 6836: 6833: 6824: 6823: 6820: 6819: 6816: 6813: 6810: 6807: 6804: 6794: 6688: 6683: 6682: 6674: 6669: 6668: 6660: 6655: 6654: 6653: 6590:John the Baptist 6451: 6405:Surah As-Saaffat 6241:Saint Petersburg 6211:Ludovico Maracci 6180: 6179: 1503–1512 6178: 6134: 6116: 6101: 6082: 5822:Variant readings 5816: 5802: 5755: 5678: 5666: 5652: 5642: 5626: 5614: 5543: 5516:Robert of Ketton 5490:Tafsir al-Tabari 5389:linguistic usage 5306: 5286: 5264: 5262:Haqaiq al-Tafsir 5228:divine attribute 5221: 5171: 5139: 5044:Ma'ariful Qur'an 5040:Tafsir al-Tabari 5001:Grand Ayatollahs 4914: 4908: 4892:classical Arabic 4889: 4854: 4839: 4819: 4799: 4787: 4761: 4737: 4724:, 18th century, 4718: 4676: 4664: 4635: 4591: 4578: 4518: 4499: 4489: 4348: 4321: 4307:. Consequently, 4252: 4245: 4238: 4224:Islam portal 4222: 4221: 4220: 3630: 3607: 3606: 3578:Islamic theology 3574:dâ'il an-nubuwwa 3571: 3556:Dala’il al-i'jaz 3517: 3440: 3408: 3400: 3372: 3366: 3355:), remembrance ( 3354: 3343:self-referential 3280: 3274: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3238: 3232: 3167: 3161: 3160: 3145: 3143:ḥurūf muqaṭṭaʿāt 3140: 3115: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3003:Syed Nomanul Haq 2816:Ismail al-Faruqi 2653:as described in 2594:general purposes 2587: 2456:month of Ramadan 2434:It also affirms 2301:, preaches that 2272: 2266: 2181:animal sacrifice 2090: 2076: 2014: 2008: 2002: 1996: 1990: 1984: 1961:existence of God 1937:Creation and God 1836:culture of Arabs 1824:Syriac Christian 1820:Jewish-Christian 1783:Islamic sciences 1733: 1730: 1695: 1664:Sanaa manuscript 1662:A page from the 1534:ascribed to the 1525: 1516:on authority of 1511: 1480: 1470: 1441: 1439: 1426: 1420: 1418: 1409: 1407: 1364: 1358: 1344: 1316: 1302: 1300: 1291: 1258: 1255:Sahih al-Bukhari 1147: 1139: 1133: 1127: 1121: 1115: 1110:), 'the guide' ( 1109: 1103: 1094: 1086: 1078: 1070: 1062: 1055:definite article 1052: 1044: 1036: 1030: 1009: 996: 989: 983: 982: 977: 967: 966: 964: 958: 947: 936: 916: 909: 902: 860:Quran and Sunnah 535:Sanaa manuscript 504:First revelation 477: 476: 469: 461: 449: 422: 415:apocryphal texts 400:variant readings 393: 391: 382: 380: 337:, including the 290: 281: 219: 218: 205: 204: 197: 196: 126:Classical Arabic 101: 98: 85:early manuscript 77: 68: 58: 56: 54: 39: 38: 21: 21374: 21373: 21369: 21368: 21367: 21365: 21364: 21363: 21344:Religious texts 21309: 21308: 21307: 21302: 21279:(Scientologist) 21269:Book of Shadows 21221: 21216:Roman Catechism 21198:(Protestantism) 21192:(Protestantism) 21164: 21107: 21036:Samaritan Torah 20966: 20959:Religious texts 20956: 20926: 20921: 20901: 20899: 20883: 20805:Cultural Muslim 20776: 20743: 20699:Other religions 20689: 20685: 20667: 20602: 20569: 20516: 20459: 20457:Islamic studies 20453: 20435: 20269: 20214: 20191: 20138: 20083: 20082: 20055: 20004:Moral teachings 19947: 19929: 19903:Nation of Islam 19864:Twelver Shi'ism 19811: 19777:Religious texts 19771: 19689:Early conquests 19672: 19654: 19606: 19526: 19515: 19509: 19479: 19474: 19460: 19419: 19357: 19351: 19274: 19235: 19190: 19176: 19150: 19114: 19087: 19061: 19060:Mentioned idols 19055: 19017: 19015: 19009: 18954:Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm 18917: 18898: 18889:Laylat al-Mabit 18872: 18824:('The Evening') 18813:Dulūk ash-Shams 18781:('The Morning') 18775:('The Morning') 18712: 18706: 18677: 18652: 18646: 18635:Days of battles 18606: 18560: 18550: 18511:Incident of Ifk 18503: 18488: 18479:Palestine River 18349: 18318:Masjid al-Dirar 18248: 18242: 18189: 18137: 18129: 17984: 17980: 17974: 17911:'Blessed' Land' 17892: 17869: 17733: 17727: 17708:Umayyad Dynasty 17669: 17655: 17616:Lot's daughters 17600: 17599:('People of the 17598: 17590: 17542:(people of Hud) 17528: 17514: 17506:(Gog and Magog) 17389:People of Ilyas 17342: 17340: 17334: 17267:Jesus' apostles 17244:Aṣḥāb al-Jannah 17228: 17209: 17155: 17149: 17113:of Moses' time) 17081: 17057:Wise, pious man 17044:Wife of Pharaoh 17036:Imraʾat Firʿawn 17023:Aaron and Moses 17022: 17016: 16972:(Benjamin) and 16961: 16955: 16873:Family of Noah 16838: 16819: 16782: 16737: 16708:Mūsā Kalīmullāh 16654: 16652: 16650: 16640: 16566:ibn Zakariyyā ( 16395: 16374: 16345: 16302: 16253: 16215:Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus 16205:('The Spirit') 16179: 16157:Kirāman Kātibīn 16152:Harut and Marut 16129:Angels of Hell 16105: 16040: 15927: 15893: 15882: 15869: 15863: 15787: 15770: 15762:Wayback Machine 15751: 15746: 15741: 15711: 15701: 15680: 15658: 15637: 15627:Quranic Studies 15603: 15579: 15556: 15532: 15513: 15503: 15484: 15465: 15446: 15444:Topical studies 15435:Tafsir al-Mizan 15422: 15403: 15397: 15387: 15368: 15346: 15327: 15305: 15286: 15267: 15248: 15242: 15240:Further reading 15232: 15170:Heinrichs, W.P. 15142: 15116: 15055: 15053: 15035: 14982: 14961: 14937: 14893: 14860: 14858: 14856: 14818:Rowson, Everett 14773: 14750: 14725: 14706: 14688: 14683: 14682: 14675: 14654: 14650: 14639: 14620: 14616: 14609: 14595: 14591: 14583: 14579: 14574: 14570: 14564:Ziolkowski 2007 14562: 14558: 14551: 14532: 14528: 14513: 14512: 14508: 14501: 14483: 14479: 14469: 14467: 14459: 14458: 14454: 14444: 14442: 14431: 14430: 14426: 14418: 14414: 14407: 14393: 14389: 14382: 14368: 14364: 14357: 14339: 14335: 14324: 14320: 14312:, p. 435; 14308: 14304: 14297: 14278: 14274: 14264: 14262: 14254: 14253: 14249: 14239: 14237: 14229: 14228: 14224: 14214: 14212: 14199: 14198: 14194: 14175: 14171: 14161: 14159: 14146: 14145: 14141: 14133: 14129: 14116: 14115: 14111: 14101: 14099: 14097: 14071: 14067: 14060: 14039: 14032: 14025: 14009: 14005: 13998: 13979: 13975: 13968: 13945: 13938: 13928: 13920: 13913: 13890: 13886: 13863: 13859: 13849: 13847: 13840: 13821: 13817: 13810: 13796: 13792: 13765: 13761: 13754: 13740: 13736: 13732: 13714: 13710: 13703: 13689: 13685: 13680:on 19 May 2020. 13668: 13667: 13663: 13652: 13634: 13630: 13620: 13618: 13603: 13599: 13594:on 19 May 2020. 13580: 13576: 13566: 13564: 13554: 13550: 13546: 13529: 13510: 13503: 13491: 13485: 13481: 13471: 13469: 13452: 13448: 13438: 13436: 13423: 13422: 13418: 13411: 13389: 13385: 13372: 13371: 13367: 13362: 13358: 13341: 13340: 13336: 13328: 13321: 13317: 13304: 13303: 13299: 13289: 13287: 13283: 13276: 13272: 13271: 13267: 13259: 13255: 13254: 13250: 13241: 13237: 13231: 13211: 13202: 13192: 13190: 13175: 13171: 13161: 13159: 13144: 13140: 13113: 13106: 13099: 13085: 13081: 13064: 13063: 13059: 13049: 13047: 13029: 13020: 13010: 13008: 12990: 12986: 12959: 12955: 12948: 12934: 12930: 12923: 12909: 12902: 12892: 12890: 12872: 12868: 12858: 12856: 12854: 12838:. p. 258. 12836:Oxford Academic 12828: 12824: 12785: 12781: 12774: 12765: 12755: 12753: 12748: 12747: 12743: 12733: 12728: 12724: 12719: 12715: 12710: 12706: 12696: 12694: 12685: 12684: 12680: 12670: 12668: 12661: 12645: 12641: 12630: 12626: 12618: 12614: 12604: 12602: 12592: 12588: 12571: 12570: 12566: 12561:on 8 June 2008. 12553: 12552: 12548: 12541:Tafsir Al-Mizan 12535: 12534: 12527: 12516: 12512: 12498: 12494: 12481: 12480: 12476: 12470:The Study Quran 12464: 12460: 12450: 12448: 12444: 12437: 12433: 12432: 12428: 12419: 12415: 12406: 12405: 12401: 12393: 12389: 12382: 12366: 12362: 12355: 12339: 12335: 12319: 12315: 12305: 12303: 12301:World Religions 12295:Carroll, Jill. 12293: 12289: 12279: 12277: 12271:"Weird science" 12267: 12263: 12253: 12251: 12219: 12215: 12205: 12203: 12193: 12189: 12182: 12168: 12164: 12154: 12152: 12150: 12134: 12130: 12118: 12114: 12102: 12098: 12087: 12083: 12071: 12064: 12056: 12052: 12037: 12033: 12014: 12001: 11993: 11989: 11978: 11974: 11964: 11962: 11951: 11947: 11937: 11935: 11920: 11916: 11911: 11907: 11899: 11895: 11880: 11876: 11871: 11867: 11863:Vgl. Martin 533 11862: 11858: 11848: 11846: 11835: 11831: 11821: 11819: 11815: 11808: 11802: 11798: 11785: 11778: 11768: 11766: 11755: 11751: 11741: 11723: 11716: 11705: 11691: 11687: 11671: 11670: 11663: 11649: 11645: 11632: 11628: 11617: 11613: 11590: 11583: 11540:Karen Armstrong 11529: 11525: 11518: 11494: 11490: 11485: 11481: 11474: 11460: 11456: 11448: 11444: 11413:Brown, Norman O 11410: 11406: 11395: 11391: 11381: 11379: 11378:on 4 March 2008 11364: 11360: 11352: 11348: 11338: 11336: 11326: 11322: 11315: 11295:Mir M (2006). " 11293: 11289: 11283: 11262: 11258: 11250: 11243: 11235: 11231: 11221: 11219: 11211: 11210: 11206: 11199: 11182: 11178: 11171: 11141: 11134: 11116: 11112: 11104: 11100: 11092: 11088: 11081: 11073:. p. 580. 11060: 11056: 11049: 11041:. p. 319. 11031: 11027: 11022: 11018: 11008: 11006: 10996: 10992: 10984: 10980: 10970: 10968: 10959: 10958: 10954: 10944:Ruthven, Malise 10941: 10937: 10927: 10925: 10910: 10906: 10897: 10893: 10889:, 2016: p.120-1 10885: 10878: 10868: 10866: 10853: 10849: 10818: 10814: 10806: 10802: 10794: 10785: 10775: 10773: 10767:"Weird science" 10763: 10752: 10742: 10740: 10734: 10730: 10717: 10716: 10712: 10702: 10700: 10691: 10690: 10683: 10675:Stark, Rodney, 10674: 10670: 10663: 10649: 10645: 10635: 10633: 10601: 10597: 10587: 10585: 10577: 10573:Ali, Shamsher. 10571: 10567: 10558: 10557: 10553: 10545: 10541: 10532: 10531: 10527: 10517: 10515: 10504: 10500: 10476: 10472: 10463: 10462: 10458: 10451: 10435: 10431: 10425:Genesis 2:10–14 10423: 10419: 10412: 10392: 10388: 10371: 10367: 10362: 10358: 10315: 10311: 10304: 10297: 10285: 10281: 10272: 10268: 10260: 10256: 10248: 10244: 10234: 10232: 10223: 10222: 10218: 10208: 10206: 10204:Washington Post 10196: 10192: 10182: 10180: 10179:on 4 April 2023 10169: 10165: 10158: 10142: 10138: 10128: 10126: 10118: 10117: 10113: 10109:. 2007, S. 507. 10100: 10096: 10086: 10084: 10071: 10070: 10066: 10057: 10053: 10045: 10041: 10034: 10020: 10013: 10006: 9990: 9983: 9978: 9974: 9965: 9964: 9960: 9952: 9948: 9941: 9925: 9921: 9902: 9898: 9888: 9886: 9882: 9875: 9871: 9870: 9866: 9845: 9841: 9834: 9820: 9816: 9808: 9804: 9796: 9792: 9784: 9780: 9770: 9766: 9755: 9737: 9730: 9720: 9718: 9705: 9701: 9694: 9690: 9680: 9678: 9671: 9667: 9658: 9654: 9647: 9623: 9619: 9606: 9605: 9601: 9588: 9587: 9583: 9570: 9569: 9565: 9557: 9553: 9545: 9541: 9533: 9529: 9521: 9517: 9509: 9505: 9497: 9493: 9486: 9466: 9462: 9453: 9452: 9448: 9437: 9423: 9419: 9412: 9398: 9394: 9380: 9366: 9362: 9344: 9340: 9331: 9327: 9320: 9304: 9300: 9293: 9277: 9273: 9263: 9261: 9251: 9244: 9237: 9223: 9216: 9206: 9204: 9195: 9194: 9190: 9177: 9173: 9163: 9161: 9151: 9147: 9137: 9135: 9128: 9121: 9111: 9109: 9099: 9095: 9064: 9060: 9037: 9033: 9011: 9010: 9006: 8991: 8987: 8971: 8967: 8952:10.2307/1596266 8944:Studia Islamica 8940: 8933: 8910: 8906: 8898: 8894: 8885: 8881: 8871: 8867: 8828: 8807: 8798: 8793: 8789: 8784: 8780: 8753: 8749: 8734: 8730: 8719: 8715: 8704: 8700: 8687: 8686: 8682: 8669: 8665: 8657: 8650: 8642: 8638: 8627: 8623: 8579: 8572: 8564: 8560: 8550: 8548: 8538: 8534: 8506: 8497: 8489: 8485: 8472: 8471: 8467: 8430: 8426: 8408: 8401: 8394: 8380: 8371: 8361: 8359: 8351: 8350: 8346: 8336: 8334: 8326: 8325: 8316: 8306: 8304: 8298: 8289: 8279: 8277: 8272: 8271: 8262: 8255: 8241: 8230: 8220: 8218: 8210: 8209: 8205: 8174: 8170: 8162: 8158: 8151: 8123:Houtsma, M. Th. 8119: 8115: 8107: 8103: 8095: 8091: 8074: 8073: 8069: 8062: 8048: 8044: 8037: 8023: 8016: 8009: 7995: 7978: 7970: 7966: 7958: 7954: 7936: 7929: 7922: 7908: 7904: 7894: 7890: 7883: 7869: 7865: 7856: 7852: 7843: 7839: 7827: 7823: 7815: 7811: 7803: 7799: 7792: 7761: 7751: 7749: 7736: 7735: 7731: 7724: 7708: 7704: 7694: 7676: 7672: 7661: 7647: 7643: 7629: 7625: 7610: 7609: 7605: 7595: 7575: 7571: 7561: 7541: 7537: 7516: 7512: 7502: 7500: 7492: 7491: 7484: 7463: 7459: 7451: 7447: 7439: 7435: 7427: 7423: 7415: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7400: 7391: 7387: 7382: 7374: 7370: 7362: 7358: 7354: 7353: 7344: 7340: 7335: 7331: 7326: 7322: 7317: 7313: 7307: 7303: 7298: 7294: 7289: 7285: 7280: 7276: 7254: 7250: 7245: 7241: 7236: 7232: 7223: 7219: 7198: 7194: 7145: 7141: 7135: 7132: 7129: 7125: 7122: 7119: 7116: 7105: 7068: 7040: 7036: 7035: 7031: 6985:Literary Arabic 6974: 6970: 6942: 6938: 6919: 6915: 6890: 6886: 6870: 6866: 6853: 6849: 6830: 6826: 6801: 6797: 6795: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6746:The True Furqan 6684: 6677: 6670: 6663: 6656: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6622:Arabic alphabet 6618: 6478:Syriac language 6452: 6447: 6439: 6433: 6420:Matsyendranatha 6336: 6313:Gospel of James 6293: 6287: 6175: 6150: 6143: 6135: 6126: 6117: 6108: 6102: 6093: 6091:Brooklyn Museum 6085:Folio from the 6083: 5983: 5977: 5972: 5934:Nafi' al-Madani 5842: 5840:Ten recitations 5824: 5723: 5717: 5693: 5686: 5679: 5670: 5667: 5658: 5643: 5634: 5627: 5618: 5615: 5345: 5339: 5333: 5317: 5315:Reappropriation 5253: 5074: 5066:Main articles: 5064: 5036:Tafsir Al Kabir 5017:Hujjat al-Islam 4979:their followers 4961:Zayd ibn Thabit 4882: 4870:Main articles: 4868: 4861: 4855: 4846: 4840: 4831: 4828:Abbasid caliphs 4820: 4811: 4800: 4791: 4788: 4779: 4770:enamelled glass 4762: 4753: 4738: 4729: 4726:Brooklyn Museum 4719: 4683: 4631: 4621:The Clear Quran 4607: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4594: 4589: 4587: 4585: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4521: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4506: 4481: 4452: 4446: 4344: 4256: 4218: 4216: 4209: 4208: 4153:Other religions 4148:Arabic language 4110: 4100: 4099: 4028:Moral teachings 3919: 3905: 3904: 3895:Spread of Islam 3840: 3830: 3829: 3817:(jurisprudence) 3799:Qisas al-Anbiya 3748: 3747: 3727: 3726: 3695: 3685: 3684: 3640: 3605: 3584:movement, etc. 3560:Asraral-balagha 3445:points out the 3389: 3381:Main articles: 3379: 3336:Norman O. Brown 3293: 3111: 3025: 3017:Main articles: 3015: 2925:Big Bang theory 2890:Ziauddin Sardar 2796:Nidhal Guessoum 2784:M. Shamsher Ali 2780: 2774: 2620: 2614: 2530:Safaitic-Arabic 2483:5 daily prayers 2323: 2268: 2262: 2235:is a prominent 2177:child sacrifice 2132:of the perfect 2072: 2057: 2051: 2010: 2004: 1998: 1992: 1986: 1980: 1951:The Quran uses 1949: 1941:Main articles: 1939: 1929:, sacrifice of 1905:as well as the 1875:Family of Amram 1865:The stories of 1860:Mohammed Arkoun 1812:Quranic studies 1754: 1748: 1731: 1619: 1585: 1579:Quranic studies 1577:Main articles: 1575: 1436: 1429:Hafsa bint Umar 1415: 1412:Zayd ibn Thabit 1404: 1389: 1377:Main articles: 1375: 1324:in the year 10 1297: 1169: 1164: 1156:Main articles: 1154: 929: 920: 875: 874: 850: 849: 840: 839: 825: 824: 823:Characteristics 815: 814: 804: 802:Related persons 767: 766: 755: 754: 733: 732: 721: 720: 682: 681: 670: 669: 616: 615: 606: 605: 560: 559: 550: 549: 494: 493: 418: 388: 377: 302:Quranic studies 298:Arabic language 216: 194: 175: 169: 148: 102: 99: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 21372: 21362: 21361: 21356: 21351: 21346: 21341: 21336: 21331: 21326: 21321: 21304: 21303: 21301: 21300: 21294: 21288: 21280: 21272: 21266: 21258: 21252: 21244: 21238: 21235:Book of Mormon 21231: 21229: 21223: 21222: 21220: 21219: 21213: 21207: 21199: 21193: 21187: 21181: 21174: 21172: 21166: 21165: 21163: 21162: 21156: 21150: 21144: 21138: 21132: 21131: 21130: 21117: 21115: 21109: 21108: 21106: 21105: 21102:Divine Liturgy 21099: 21098:(Neoplatonism) 21093: 21087: 21081: 21075: 21069: 21061: 21055: 21054: 21053: 21052:(Christianity) 21047: 21046: 21045: 21039: 21038:(Samaritanism) 21021: 21015: 21001: 20995: 20989: 20983: 20976: 20974: 20968: 20967: 20955: 20954: 20947: 20940: 20932: 20923: 20922: 20920: 20919: 20909: 20896: 20893: 20892: 20889: 20888: 20885: 20884: 20882: 20881: 20876: 20871: 20866: 20861: 20856: 20851: 20846: 20841: 20840: 20839: 20829: 20828: 20827: 20822: 20817: 20807: 20802: 20801: 20800: 20795: 20784: 20782: 20781:Related topics 20778: 20777: 20775: 20774: 20769: 20764: 20759: 20753: 20751: 20745: 20744: 20742: 20741: 20736: 20731: 20726: 20721: 20720: 20719: 20714: 20703: 20701: 20691: 20690: 20677: 20676: 20673: 20672: 20669: 20668: 20666: 20665: 20660: 20653: 20648: 20647: 20646: 20636: 20631: 20626: 20621: 20616: 20610: 20608: 20604: 20603: 20601: 20600: 20595: 20590: 20585: 20579: 20577: 20571: 20570: 20568: 20567: 20562: 20557: 20552: 20547: 20542: 20537: 20532: 20526: 20524: 20518: 20517: 20515: 20514: 20509: 20504: 20499: 20494: 20489: 20484: 20479: 20473: 20471: 20461: 20460: 20445: 20444: 20441: 20440: 20437: 20436: 20434: 20433: 20428: 20427: 20426: 20414: 20412:Sources of law 20409: 20404: 20403: 20402: 20392: 20385: 20380: 20373: 20368: 20361: 20356: 20351: 20346: 20341: 20336: 20331: 20326: 20319: 20312: 20311: 20310: 20305: 20300: 20290: 20285: 20277: 20275: 20271: 20270: 20268: 20267: 20260: 20253: 20246: 20239: 20232: 20225: 20217: 20215: 20213: 20212: 20207: 20202: 20196: 20193: 20192: 20190: 20189: 20182: 20177: 20170: 20163: 20156: 20148: 20146: 20140: 20139: 20137: 20136: 20129: 20122: 20115: 20108: 20103: 20097: 20095: 20085: 20084: 20081: 20080: 20075: 20069: 20061: 20060: 20057: 20056: 20054: 20053: 20048: 20043: 20038: 20036:Social welfare 20033: 20028: 20021: 20016: 20011: 20006: 20001: 19996: 19991: 19986: 19981: 19976: 19971: 19966: 19961: 19956: 19950: 19948: 19946: 19945: 19940: 19934: 19931: 19930: 19928: 19927: 19922: 19917: 19916: 19915: 19905: 19900: 19895: 19894: 19893: 19888: 19887: 19886: 19876: 19871: 19866: 19856: 19851: 19846: 19845: 19844: 19821: 19819: 19813: 19812: 19810: 19809: 19802: 19797: 19792: 19787: 19781: 19779: 19773: 19772: 19770: 19769: 19768: 19767: 19762: 19757: 19752: 19747: 19742: 19737: 19732: 19720: 19715: 19708: 19701: 19699:Historiography 19696: 19691: 19686: 19681: 19675: 19673: 19671: 19670: 19665: 19659: 19656: 19655: 19653: 19652: 19645: 19638: 19631: 19624: 19616: 19614: 19608: 19607: 19605: 19604: 19599: 19594: 19587: 19582: 19577: 19572: 19571: 19570: 19560: 19553: 19552: 19551: 19540: 19538: 19528: 19527: 19520: 19517: 19516: 19508: 19507: 19500: 19493: 19485: 19476: 19475: 19469: 19466: 19465: 19462: 19461: 19459: 19458: 19452: 19451: 19450: 19449:(River or sea) 19444: 19431: 19429: 19425: 19424: 19421: 19420: 19418: 19417: 19412: 19407: 19397: 19387: 19386: 19385: 19375: 19361: 19359: 19353: 19352: 19350: 19349: 19348: 19347: 19339: 19329: 19319: 19309: 19299: 19293: 19282: 19280: 19273: 19267: 19261: 19255: 19249: 19243: 19241: 19237: 19236: 19234: 19233: 19232: 19231: 19219: 19218: 19217: 19205: 19194: 19192: 19186: 19185: 19182: 19181: 19178: 19177: 19175: 19174: 19169: 19164: 19158: 19156: 19152: 19151: 19149: 19148: 19143: 19138: 19133: 19128: 19122: 19120: 19116: 19115: 19113: 19112: 19101: 19095: 19093: 19086: 19085: 19069: 19065: 19063: 19054: 19053: 19050: 19045: 19037: 19032: 19027: 19021: 19019: 19011: 19010: 19008: 19007: 18999: 18986: 18985: 18984: 18979: 18958: 18950: 18941: 18927: 18925: 18919: 18918: 18908: 18907: 18904: 18903: 18900: 18899: 18897: 18892: 18885: 18880: 18878: 18874: 18873: 18871: 18870: 18869: 18868: 18853: 18852: 18851: 18850: 18849: 18840: 18825: 18810: 18801: 18800: 18799: 18789:('The Night') 18784: 18783: 18782: 18776: 18764: 18745:('Praising'), 18716: 18714: 18713:or remembrance 18708: 18707: 18705: 18704: 18695: 18685: 18683: 18679: 18678: 18676: 18675: 18674: 18673: 18668: 18658: 18656: 18648: 18647: 18645: 18644: 18639: 18636: 18633: 18624: 18614: 18612: 18608: 18607: 18605: 18604: 18599: 18594: 18592:Battle of Uhud 18589: 18584: 18579: 18577:Battle of Badr 18574: 18564: 18562: 18552: 18551: 18549: 18548: 18543: 18537: 18525: 18520: 18516:Laylat al-Qadr 18512: 18508: 18505: 18504: 18494: 18493: 18490: 18489: 18487: 18486: 18480: 18477: 18471: 18466: 18461: 18456: 18451: 18443: 18434: 18431: 18426: 18425: 18424: 18423: 18422: 18417: 18412: 18408:Ghār ath-Thawr 18404: 18399: 18374: 18373: 18372: 18361: 18359: 18355: 18354: 18351: 18350: 18348: 18347: 18342: 18341: 18340: 18339: 18338: 18333: 18320: 18315: 18305: 18295: 18273: 18268: 18261: 18252: 18250: 18244: 18243: 18241: 18240: 18231:('Township of 18226: 18216: 18215: 18214: 18200: 18198: 18191: 18190: 18188: 18187: 18178: 18177: 18176: 18175: 18174: 18159:Al-Wādil-Ayman 18153:Valley of Tuwa 18141: 18139: 18131: 18130: 18128: 18127: 18122: 18121: 18120: 18098: 18097: 18096: 18094:Safa and Marwa 18091: 18083: 18073: 18064: 18049: 18044: 18039: 18031: 18022: 18009: 18008: 18007: 17988: 17986: 17973: 17972: 17969: 17959: 17954: 17944: 17942:Door of Hittah 17939: 17927: 17914: 17913: 17912: 17900: 17898: 17894: 17893: 17883: 17882: 17879: 17878: 17875: 17874: 17871: 17870: 17868: 17867: 17866: 17865: 17859: 17848: 17847: 17846: 17841: 17840: 17839: 17834: 17819: 17818: 17817: 17812: 17787: 17786: 17785: 17777: 17765: 17757: 17756: 17755: 17745: 17742:Ahl al-Dhimmah 17737: 17735: 17729: 17728: 17726: 17725: 17719: 17710: 17705: 17703:Iranian people 17700: 17695: 17690: 17685: 17679: 17673: 17671: 17665: 17664: 17661: 17660: 17657: 17656: 17654: 17653: 17650: 17649: 17648: 17643: 17638: 17628: 17625: 17624: 17623: 17618: 17613: 17604: 17602: 17592: 17591: 17589: 17588: 17587: 17586: 17570: 17565: 17564: 17563: 17548: 17543: 17536: 17534: 17516: 17515: 17513: 17512: 17507: 17499: 17494: 17489: 17484: 17479: 17478: 17477: 17466: 17465: 17464: 17463: 17462: 17456: 17443:Aṣḥāb Muḥammad 17435: 17430: 17425: 17416: 17415: 17414: 17411:Aṣḥāb al-Aykah 17408: 17396: 17391: 17386: 17381: 17373: 17365: 17357: 17350: 17344: 17333: 17332: 17331:Nation of Noah 17329: 17323: 17314: 17309: 17304: 17299: 17286: 17281: 17280: 17279: 17264: 17254: 17253: 17252: 17249: 17240: 17238: 17230: 17229: 17219: 17218: 17215: 17214: 17211: 17210: 17208: 17207: 17202: 17199: 17194: 17189: 17186: 17183:Caleb or Kaleb 17180: 17175: 17170: 17165: 17159: 17157: 17151: 17150: 17148: 17147: 17141: 17136: 17131: 17125: 17119: 17114: 17104: 17093: 17091: 17087: 17086: 17083: 17082: 17080: 17079: 17074: 17069: 17064: 17059: 17054: 17053: 17052: 17047: 17033: 17026: 17024: 17018: 17017: 17015: 17014: 17009: 17008: 17007: 16996: 16990: 16977: 16965: 16963: 16954: 16953: 16947: 16946: 16945: 16940: 16938:Queen of Sheba 16935: 16927: 16926: 16925: 16920: 16915: 16905: 16904: 16903: 16901:Isaac's mother 16898: 16893: 16887: 16884: 16883: 16882: 16879: 16871: 16866: 16865: 16864: 16859: 16850: 16848: 16840: 16839: 16829: 16828: 16825: 16824: 16821: 16820: 16818: 16817: 16814:Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn 16811: 16801: 16794: 16792: 16788: 16787: 16784: 16783: 16781: 16780: 16766: 16756: 16751: 16745: 16743: 16742:Debatable ones 16739: 16738: 16736: 16735: 16725: 16724:Friend of God) 16715: 16705: 16704: 16703: 16697: 16677: 16676: 16675: 16669: 16658: 16656: 16651:('Those of the 16639: 16638: 16628: 16618: 16617: 16616: 16610: 16586: 16585: 16584: 16571: 16561: 16550: 16540: 16530: 16525: 16515: 16514: 16513: 16498: 16488: 16482: 16476: 16466: 16460: 16454: 16448: 16438: 16428: 16418: 16407: 16405: 16397: 16396: 16384: 16383: 16380: 16379: 16376: 16375: 16373: 16372: 16365: 16353: 16351: 16347: 16346: 16344: 16343: 16335: 16319: 16317: 16304: 16303: 16301: 16300: 16293: 16285: 16278: 16270: 16268: 16259: 16258: 16255: 16254: 16252: 16251: 16245: 16237: 16226: 16225: 16224: 16223: 16222: 16212: 16209:Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn 16191: 16189: 16178: 16177: 16172: 16171: 16170: 16165: 16154: 16149: 16144: 16143: 16142: 16135: 16126: 16124: 16111: 16110: 16107: 16106: 16104: 16103: 16091: 16079: 16069: 16059: 16048: 16046: 16042: 16041: 16039: 16038: 16029: 16020: 16011: 16001: 15988: 15978: 15965: 15956: 15946: 15944: 15937: 15929: 15928: 15926: 15925: 15924: 15923: 15898: 15895: 15894: 15884: 15883: 15871: 15870: 15862: 15861: 15854: 15847: 15839: 15833: 15832: 15827: 15822: 15817: 15812: 15803: 15798: 15793: 15786: 15783: 15782: 15781: 15776: 15769: 15766: 15765: 15764: 15750: 15747: 15745: 15744:External links 15742: 15740: 15739: 15731: 15710: 15707: 15706: 15705: 15699: 15684: 15678: 15662: 15656: 15636: 15633: 15632: 15631: 15619: 15607: 15601: 15583: 15577: 15565:Luling, Gunter 15561: 15554: 15542:, ed. (2000). 15536: 15530: 15512: 15509: 15508: 15507: 15501: 15488: 15482: 15469: 15463: 15445: 15442: 15441: 15440: 15426: 15420: 15399:Main article: 15396: 15393: 15392: 15391: 15385: 15372: 15366: 15354:Sells, Michael 15350: 15344: 15331: 15325: 15313:Rahman, Fazlur 15309: 15303: 15290: 15284: 15271: 15265: 15247: 15244: 15243: 15241: 15238: 15237: 15236: 15230: 15215: 15203:10.2307/596868 15197:(3): 435–441. 15186: 15166:van Donzel, E. 15162:Bosworth, C.E. 15146: 15140: 15120: 15114: 15100:Rippin, Andrew 15096: 15078:(3): 291–315. 15062: 15039: 15033: 15015: 15003:10.1086/372742 14997:(3): 203–212. 14986: 14980: 14965: 14960:978-0691155692 14959: 14941: 14935: 14922: 14897: 14891: 14867: 14854: 14834: 14814:Krämer, Gudrun 14810:Cook, David B. 14806: 14777: 14771: 14754: 14748: 14729: 14723: 14710: 14704: 14687: 14684: 14681: 14680: 14673: 14648: 14637: 14614: 14607: 14589: 14577: 14568: 14556: 14549: 14526: 14506: 14499: 14477: 14452: 14424: 14412: 14405: 14387: 14380: 14362: 14355: 14333: 14318: 14302: 14295: 14272: 14247: 14222: 14205:Madain Project 14192: 14169: 14139: 14127: 14109: 14095: 14065: 14058: 14044:, ed. (1989). 14030: 14023: 14003: 13996: 13973: 13966: 13952:Rippin, Andrew 13936: 13911: 13884: 13857: 13839:978-1904063148 13838: 13815: 13808: 13790: 13759: 13752: 13734: 13731: 13730: 13727: 13719: 13708: 13701: 13683: 13661: 13650: 13628: 13617:on 18 May 2020 13597: 13574: 13548: 13545: 13544: 13541: 13533: 13527: 13515:, ed. (2006), 13513:Leaman, Oliver 13501: 13498:. p. 109. 13479: 13446: 13416: 13409: 13383: 13365: 13356: 13334: 13315: 13297: 13265: 13248: 13235: 13229: 13215:Leaman, Oliver 13200: 13169: 13138: 13127:(1–2): 41–55. 13104: 13097: 13079: 13057: 13018: 12984: 12953: 12946: 12928: 12921: 12900: 12889:on 5 July 2008 12866: 12852: 12822: 12779: 12763: 12741: 12722: 12713: 12704: 12678: 12659: 12639: 12636:. p. 525. 12632:بازمول, محمد. 12624: 12612: 12586: 12583:on 1 May 2008. 12564: 12546: 12525: 12522:. p. 129. 12510: 12507:. p. 193. 12492: 12487:Slate Magazine 12474: 12458: 12426: 12413: 12399: 12387: 12380: 12360: 12353: 12333: 12313: 12287: 12261: 12213: 12187: 12180: 12162: 12148: 12128: 12112: 12096: 12081: 12062: 12050: 12031: 12029: 12028: 12018: 12012: 11987: 11972: 11945: 11934:on 18 May 2011 11914: 11905: 11893: 11874: 11865: 11856: 11829: 11796: 11791:Avaliable at: 11776: 11749: 11739: 11733:. p. 21. 11714: 11703: 11685: 11661: 11643: 11641:, Brill, 2007. 11626: 11611: 11581: 11556:Joseph Schacht 11523: 11516: 11488: 11479: 11472: 11454: 11442: 11429:10.2307/466329 11404: 11389: 11358: 11346: 11320: 11313: 11287: 11281: 11256: 11229: 11204: 11197: 11176: 11169: 11132: 11110: 11098: 11086: 11079: 11054: 11048:978-0810855281 11047: 11025: 11016: 10990: 10988:, p. 119. 10978: 10967:. 21 July 2014 10952: 10948:A Fury For God 10935: 10904: 10891: 10876: 10847: 10812: 10800: 10783: 10750: 10728: 10710: 10699:on 23 May 2013 10681: 10668: 10662:978-1848855175 10661: 10643: 10595: 10565: 10551: 10539: 10525: 10498: 10470: 10456: 10449: 10429: 10417: 10410: 10386: 10365: 10356: 10309: 10295: 10279: 10266: 10254: 10250:Al-Jallad 2022 10242: 10216: 10190: 10163: 10156: 10136: 10111: 10094: 10064: 10062:. 1967, S. 49. 10051: 10039: 10032: 10011: 10004: 9981: 9972: 9958: 9946: 9939: 9919: 9896: 9864: 9839: 9832: 9814: 9812:, p. 428. 9802: 9790: 9778: 9764: 9753: 9728: 9713:. p. 18. 9699: 9688: 9665: 9652: 9645: 9617: 9599: 9581: 9563: 9551: 9539: 9537:, p. 200. 9527: 9515: 9503: 9491: 9484: 9470:Leaman, Oliver 9460: 9446: 9435: 9417: 9410: 9392: 9378: 9360: 9355:Dhū al-Qarnayn 9346:Watt 1960–2007 9338: 9325: 9319:978-9004100633 9318: 9298: 9291: 9271: 9259:Open Democracy 9242: 9235: 9214: 9203:. 24 July 2015 9188: 9171: 9159:New York Times 9145: 9119: 9093: 9074:(1–2): 1–129. 9058: 9047:(4): 343–436. 9031: 9004: 8985: 8965: 8931: 8926:10.1086/674909 8920:(1): 166–169. 8904: 8892: 8879: 8877:of the Quran." 8865: 8863: 8862: 8855: 8852: 8845: 8838: 8835: 8826: 8812:, ed. (2006). 8810:Leaman, Oliver 8796: 8787: 8778: 8767:. BRILL: vii. 8747: 8738:Hadith Studies 8728: 8713: 8698: 8680: 8663: 8661:, pp. 3–5 8648: 8636: 8621: 8619: 8618: 8611: 8604: 8601: 8598: 8591: 8570: 8568:, p. 117. 8558: 8532: 8510:, p. 99: 8508:Tabatabae 1988 8495: 8493:, p. 121. 8483: 8465: 8424: 8399: 8392: 8369: 8344: 8314: 8287: 8260: 8253: 8228: 8203: 8168: 8156: 8149: 8135:(1 ed.). 8113: 8101: 8089: 8067: 8060: 8042: 8035: 8014: 8007: 7976: 7972:Tabatabae 1988 7964: 7952: 7949:. p. 338. 7927: 7920: 7902: 7888: 7881: 7863: 7850: 7837: 7821: 7809: 7797: 7759: 7729: 7722: 7702: 7692: 7686:. p. 21. 7670: 7659: 7641: 7623: 7603: 7569: 7535: 7510: 7482: 7457: 7445: 7433: 7421: 7408: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7399: 7398: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7380: 7368: 7355: 7352: 7351: 7338: 7329: 7320: 7311: 7301: 7292: 7283: 7274: 7248: 7239: 7230: 7217: 7192: 7139: 7123:the recitation 7088:Quranic Arabic 7029: 6968: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6691: 6690: 6689: 6675: 6661: 6645: 6642: 6617: 6614: 6488:sacred books ( 6445: 6432: 6429: 6418:, Indian yogi 6410:as well as in 6381:gospel harmony 6335: 6332: 6289:Main article: 6286: 6283: 6253:Constantinople 6226:Ottoman empire 6172:Pope Julius II 6149: 6146: 6145: 6144: 6136: 6129: 6127: 6118: 6111: 6109: 6103: 6096: 6094: 6084: 6077: 5979:Main article: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5952:Accordinng to 5938:Quran of Cairo 5823: 5820: 5819: 5818: 5804: 5777:Mustafa Ismail 5716: 5713: 5701:Umayyad Mosque 5692: 5689: 5688: 5687: 5680: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5661: 5659: 5644: 5637: 5635: 5628: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5609: 5534:Alexander Ross 5335:Main article: 5332: 5329: 5316: 5313: 5284:kashf al-asrar 5273:(d. 1209) and 5252: 5249: 5084:, followed by 5063: 5060: 4957:Ubayy ibn Ka'b 4867: 4866:Interpretation 4864: 4863: 4862: 4856: 4849: 4847: 4841: 4834: 4832: 4821: 4814: 4812: 4801: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4782: 4780: 4763: 4756: 4754: 4739: 4732: 4730: 4720: 4713: 4701:, metal work, 4682: 4681:In Islamic art 4679: 4626: 4625: 4616: 4609: 4608: 4595: 4559: 4558: 4549: 4542: 4541: 4522: 4445: 4442: 4403:asbab al-nuzul 4277:Laylat al-Qadr 4258: 4257: 4255: 4254: 4247: 4240: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4227: 4226: 4211: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4200: 4199: 4198: 4197: 4192: 4182: 4177: 4176: 4175: 4170: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4142: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4123: 4122: 4117: 4111: 4108:Related topics 4106: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4098: 4097: 4092: 4090:Social welfare 4087: 4082: 4081: 4080: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3984: 3983: 3978: 3968: 3967: 3966: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3926: 3920: 3911: 3910: 3907: 3906: 3903: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3868: 3861: 3853: 3852: 3847: 3841: 3836: 3835: 3832: 3831: 3828: 3827: 3819: 3810: 3809: 3803: 3795: 3787: 3778: 3777: 3757: 3749: 3746: 3745: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3732: 3729: 3728: 3725: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3708: 3707: 3702: 3696: 3691: 3690: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3680:Predestination 3676: 3675: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3661:Revealed Books 3658: 3652: 3651: 3641: 3636: 3635: 3632: 3631: 3623: 3622: 3616: 3615: 3604: 3601: 3593:Rashad Khalifa 3554:(d. 1078 CE), 3497:, traditional 3378: 3375: 3367:), criterion ( 3347:metatextuality 3292: 3291:Literary style 3289: 3208:Rashad Khalifa 3148:Arabic letters 3122:Queen of Sheba 3068:Queen of Sheba 3014: 3011: 3007:Muzaffar Iqbal 2961:Keith L. Moore 2949:thermodynamics 2866:, one of many 2864:Rima Ariadaeus 2776:Main article: 2773: 2770: 2651:Garden of Eden 2616:Main article: 2613: 2610: 2557:regarding it. 2540:, which was a 2501:is a command ( 2385:indoctrination 2340:Quran 18:65–82 2322: 2319: 2255:Īsā ibn Maryam 2201:Hijri calendar 2150:millat Ibrahim 2136:, and revered 2098:Islam regards 2053:Main article: 2050: 2047: 1938: 1935: 1903:Jewish history 1856:Queen of Sheba 1852:Seven sleepers 1795:the provisions 1750:Main article: 1747: 1744: 1591:as a crime of 1574: 1571: 1558:and Abbasids. 1473:Uthmanic codex 1440: 644–656 1408: 632–634 1374: 1371: 1369:are the same. 1281:ancient Arabia 1214:Battle of Badr 1198:Muslim history 1188:Night of Power 1168: 1165: 1153: 1150: 1045:('sign'), and 972:equivalent is 928: 925: 922: 921: 919: 918: 911: 904: 896: 893: 892: 891: 890: 885: 877: 876: 873: 872: 867: 862: 857: 851: 847: 846: 845: 842: 841: 838: 837: 832: 826: 822: 821: 820: 817: 816: 813: 812: 811: 810: 800: 797: 796: 790: 789: 784: 779: 774: 768: 762: 761: 760: 757: 756: 753: 752: 751: 750: 745: 734: 728: 727: 726: 723: 722: 719: 718: 713: 707: 706: 701: 695: 694: 689: 683: 677: 676: 675: 672: 671: 668: 667: 662: 657: 651: 650: 645: 640: 634: 633: 628: 623: 617: 613: 612: 611: 608: 607: 604: 603: 596: 591: 585: 584: 583: 582: 577: 572: 561: 557: 556: 555: 552: 551: 548: 547: 542: 537: 532: 526: 525: 521: 520: 514: 513: 512: 511: 509:Asbab al-Nuzul 506: 495: 489: 488: 487: 484: 483: 396:Uthmanic codex 392: 644–656 381: 632–634 323:Night of Power 260:directly from 252:, believed by 246:religious text 228: 227: 212: 211: 190: 189: 183: 182: 160: 156: 155: 141: 137: 136: 133: 129: 128: 123: 119: 118: 113: 109: 108: 104: 103: 100: 568–645 78: 70: 69: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 21371: 21360: 21357: 21355: 21352: 21350: 21347: 21345: 21342: 21340: 21337: 21335: 21334:Islamic texts 21332: 21330: 21327: 21325: 21322: 21320: 21317: 21316: 21314: 21298: 21295: 21292: 21289: 21286: 21285: 21281: 21278: 21277: 21273: 21270: 21267: 21264: 21263: 21259: 21256: 21253: 21250: 21249: 21248:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 21245: 21242: 21239: 21236: 21233: 21232: 21230: 21228: 21224: 21217: 21214: 21211: 21208: 21206:(Anglicanism) 21205: 21204: 21200: 21197: 21194: 21191: 21188: 21186:(Lutheranism) 21185: 21182: 21179: 21176: 21175: 21173: 21171: 21167: 21160: 21157: 21154: 21151: 21148: 21145: 21142: 21139: 21136: 21133: 21128: 21125: 21124: 21122: 21119: 21118: 21116: 21114: 21110: 21103: 21100: 21097: 21094: 21091: 21088: 21085: 21082: 21079: 21076: 21073: 21070: 21067: 21066: 21065:Metamorphoses 21062: 21059: 21058:Bhagavad Gita 21056: 21051: 21050:New Testament 21048: 21043: 21040: 21037: 21034: 21033: 21031: 21028: 21027: 21025: 21022: 21019: 21016: 21013: 21012: 21007: 21006: 21002: 21000:(Zoroastrian) 20999: 20996: 20993: 20990: 20987: 20984: 20981: 20980:Pyramid Texts 20978: 20977: 20975: 20973: 20969: 20964: 20960: 20953: 20948: 20946: 20941: 20939: 20934: 20933: 20930: 20918: 20910: 20908: 20898: 20897: 20894: 20880: 20877: 20875: 20872: 20870: 20867: 20865: 20862: 20860: 20857: 20855: 20852: 20850: 20847: 20845: 20842: 20838: 20835: 20834: 20833: 20830: 20826: 20823: 20821: 20820:Post-Islamism 20818: 20816: 20813: 20812: 20811: 20808: 20806: 20803: 20799: 20796: 20794: 20791: 20790: 20789: 20786: 20785: 20783: 20779: 20773: 20770: 20768: 20765: 20763: 20760: 20758: 20755: 20754: 20752: 20750: 20746: 20740: 20737: 20735: 20732: 20730: 20727: 20725: 20722: 20718: 20717:Protestantism 20715: 20713: 20710: 20709: 20708: 20705: 20704: 20702: 20700: 20696: 20692: 20682: 20678: 20664: 20661: 20659: 20658: 20654: 20652: 20649: 20645: 20642: 20641: 20640: 20637: 20635: 20632: 20630: 20627: 20625: 20622: 20620: 20617: 20615: 20612: 20611: 20609: 20605: 20599: 20596: 20594: 20591: 20589: 20586: 20584: 20581: 20580: 20578: 20576: 20572: 20566: 20563: 20561: 20560:Ophthalmology 20558: 20556: 20553: 20551: 20548: 20546: 20543: 20541: 20538: 20536: 20533: 20531: 20528: 20527: 20525: 20523: 20519: 20513: 20510: 20508: 20505: 20503: 20500: 20498: 20495: 20493: 20490: 20488: 20485: 20483: 20480: 20478: 20475: 20474: 20472: 20470: 20466: 20462: 20458: 20450: 20446: 20432: 20429: 20425: 20424: 20420: 20419: 20418: 20415: 20413: 20410: 20408: 20405: 20401: 20398: 20397: 20396: 20393: 20391: 20390: 20386: 20384: 20381: 20379: 20378: 20374: 20372: 20369: 20367: 20366: 20362: 20360: 20357: 20355: 20352: 20350: 20347: 20345: 20342: 20340: 20337: 20335: 20332: 20330: 20327: 20325: 20324: 20320: 20318: 20317: 20313: 20309: 20308:Death penalty 20306: 20304: 20301: 20299: 20296: 20295: 20294: 20291: 20289: 20286: 20284: 20283: 20279: 20278: 20276: 20274:Other aspects 20272: 20266: 20265: 20261: 20259: 20258: 20254: 20252: 20251: 20247: 20245: 20244: 20240: 20238: 20237: 20233: 20231: 20230: 20226: 20224: 20223: 20219: 20218: 20216: 20211: 20208: 20206: 20203: 20201: 20198: 20197: 20194: 20188: 20187: 20183: 20181: 20178: 20176: 20175: 20171: 20169: 20168: 20164: 20162: 20161: 20157: 20155: 20154: 20150: 20149: 20147: 20145: 20141: 20135: 20134: 20130: 20128: 20127: 20123: 20121: 20120: 20116: 20114: 20113: 20109: 20107: 20104: 20102: 20099: 20098: 20096: 20094: 20090: 20086: 20079: 20078:Jurisprudence 20076: 20074: 20071: 20070: 20066: 20062: 20052: 20049: 20047: 20044: 20042: 20039: 20037: 20034: 20032: 20029: 20027: 20026: 20022: 20020: 20017: 20015: 20012: 20010: 20007: 20005: 20002: 20000: 19997: 19995: 19992: 19990: 19987: 19985: 19982: 19980: 19977: 19975: 19972: 19970: 19967: 19965: 19962: 19960: 19957: 19955: 19952: 19951: 19949: 19944: 19941: 19939: 19936: 19935: 19932: 19926: 19923: 19921: 19918: 19914: 19911: 19910: 19909: 19906: 19904: 19901: 19899: 19896: 19892: 19889: 19885: 19882: 19881: 19880: 19877: 19875: 19872: 19870: 19867: 19865: 19862: 19861: 19860: 19857: 19855: 19852: 19850: 19847: 19843: 19839: 19835: 19831: 19828: 19827: 19826: 19823: 19822: 19820: 19818: 19817:Denominations 19814: 19808: 19807: 19803: 19801: 19798: 19796: 19793: 19791: 19788: 19786: 19783: 19782: 19780: 19778: 19774: 19766: 19763: 19761: 19758: 19756: 19753: 19751: 19748: 19746: 19743: 19741: 19738: 19736: 19733: 19731: 19730: 19726: 19725: 19724: 19721: 19719: 19716: 19714: 19713: 19709: 19707: 19706: 19702: 19700: 19697: 19695: 19692: 19690: 19687: 19685: 19682: 19680: 19677: 19676: 19674: 19669: 19666: 19664: 19661: 19660: 19657: 19651: 19650: 19646: 19644: 19643: 19639: 19637: 19636: 19632: 19630: 19629: 19625: 19623: 19622: 19618: 19617: 19615: 19613: 19609: 19603: 19602:Holiest sites 19600: 19598: 19597:Judgement Day 19595: 19593: 19592: 19588: 19586: 19583: 19581: 19578: 19576: 19573: 19569: 19566: 19565: 19564: 19561: 19559: 19558: 19554: 19550: 19547: 19546: 19545: 19542: 19541: 19539: 19537: 19533: 19529: 19525: 19524: 19518: 19513: 19506: 19501: 19499: 19494: 19492: 19487: 19486: 19483: 19472: 19467: 19456: 19453: 19448: 19445: 19442: 19439: 19438: 19436: 19433: 19432: 19430: 19426: 19416: 19413: 19411: 19408: 19405: 19401: 19398: 19395: 19391: 19388: 19383: 19379: 19376: 19373: 19369: 19366: 19365: 19363: 19362: 19360: 19356:Bushes, trees 19354: 19346: 19343: 19342: 19340: 19337: 19333: 19330: 19327: 19323: 19320: 19317: 19313: 19310: 19307: 19303: 19300: 19297: 19294: 19291: 19287: 19284: 19283: 19281: 19277: 19271: 19268: 19265: 19262: 19259: 19256: 19253: 19250: 19247: 19244: 19242: 19238: 19229: 19226: 19225: 19223: 19220: 19215: 19212: 19211: 19209: 19206: 19203: 19200: 19199: 19197: 19193: 19187: 19173: 19170: 19168: 19165: 19163: 19160: 19159: 19157: 19153: 19147: 19144: 19142: 19139: 19137: 19134: 19132: 19129: 19127: 19124: 19123: 19121: 19117: 19110: 19106: 19102: 19100: 19097: 19096: 19094: 19092:Of Israelites 19090: 19083: 19079: 19078: 19073: 19070: 19067: 19066: 19064: 19062:(cult images) 19058: 19051: 19049: 19046: 19043: 19042: 19038: 19036: 19035:Staff of Musa 19033: 19031: 19028: 19026: 19023: 19022: 19020: 19012: 19005: 19004: 19000: 18997: 18993: 18992: 18987: 18983: 18980: 18977: 18976: 18972: 18971: 18969: 18965: 18964: 18959: 18956: 18955: 18951: 18948: 18947: 18942: 18939: 18935: 18934: 18929: 18928: 18926: 18924: 18920: 18913: 18909: 18896: 18893: 18891: 18890: 18886: 18884: 18881: 18879: 18875: 18866: 18865: 18860: 18859: 18857: 18854: 18847: 18846: 18841: 18838: 18835: 18834: 18832: 18831: 18826: 18823: 18822: 18817: 18816: 18814: 18811: 18808: 18807: 18802: 18797: 18796: 18791: 18790: 18788: 18785: 18780: 18777: 18774: 18771: 18770: 18768: 18765: 18762: 18759: 18758: 18756: 18755: 18750: 18749: 18744: 18743: 18738: 18737: 18732: 18731: 18726: 18722: 18721: 18715: 18709: 18702: 18701: 18696: 18693: 18692: 18687: 18686: 18684: 18680: 18672: 18669: 18666: 18663: 18662: 18660: 18659: 18657: 18655: 18651:Months of the 18649: 18643: 18640: 18637: 18634: 18631: 18630: 18625: 18622: 18621: 18616: 18615: 18613: 18609: 18603: 18600: 18598: 18595: 18593: 18590: 18588: 18585: 18583: 18580: 18578: 18575: 18572: 18571: 18566: 18565: 18563: 18557: 18553: 18547: 18544: 18542: 18538: 18535: 18531: 18530: 18529:Sayl al-ʿArim 18526: 18524: 18521: 18518: 18517: 18513: 18510: 18509: 18506: 18499: 18495: 18485: 18481: 18478: 18475: 18472: 18470: 18467: 18465: 18462: 18460: 18457: 18455: 18452: 18450:(Mesopotamia) 18449: 18448: 18444: 18442: 18438: 18435: 18432: 18430: 18427: 18421: 18418: 18416: 18413: 18410: 18409: 18405: 18403: 18400: 18398: 18397: 18392: 18391: 18387: 18386: 18384: 18383: 18378: 18377: 18375: 18371: 18368: 18367: 18366: 18363: 18362: 18360: 18356: 18346: 18343: 18337: 18334: 18331: 18327: 18324: 18323: 18321: 18319: 18316: 18313: 18312:Sacred Mosque 18309: 18306: 18303: 18299: 18296: 18293: 18292: 18288: 18287: 18285: 18281: 18277: 18274: 18272: 18269: 18267: 18266: 18262: 18259: 18258: 18254: 18253: 18251: 18245: 18238: 18234: 18230: 18227: 18224: 18220: 18217: 18212: 18211: 18207: 18206: 18205: 18202: 18201: 18199: 18197: 18192: 18186: 18182: 18179: 18172: 18171: 18167: 18166: 18164: 18160: 18157: 18156: 18154: 18150: 18148: 18143: 18142: 18140: 18138:or Tīh Desert 18136: 18132: 18126: 18123: 18118: 18114: 18111: 18110: 18108: 18104: 18103: 18099: 18095: 18092: 18089: 18088: 18087:Maqām Ibrāhīm 18084: 18081: 18077: 18074: 18071: 18069: 18065: 18063: 18060: 18059: 18057: 18053: 18050: 18048: 18045: 18043: 18040: 18037: 18036: 18032: 18030: 18026: 18023: 18020: 18016: 18015: 18010: 18005: 18001: 17998: 17997: 17995: 17994: 17990: 17989: 17987: 17983: 17977: 17970: 17967: 17963: 17960: 17958: 17955: 17952: 17948: 17945: 17943: 17940: 17937: 17933: 17932: 17928: 17925: 17921: 17920: 17915: 17910: 17909: 17907: 17906: 17902: 17901: 17899: 17895: 17888: 17884: 17863: 17860: 17857: 17854: 17853: 17852: 17849: 17845: 17842: 17838: 17837:Rabbani/Rabbi 17835: 17833: 17830: 17829: 17827: 17823: 17820: 17816: 17813: 17811: 17808: 17807: 17805: 17801: 17798: 17797: 17795: 17791: 17788: 17783: 17782: 17781: 17778: 17775: 17771: 17770: 17766: 17764: 17761: 17758: 17753: 17752: 17751: 17750: 17746: 17744: 17743: 17739: 17738: 17736: 17730: 17724: 17720: 17718: 17714: 17711: 17709: 17706: 17704: 17701: 17699: 17696: 17694: 17691: 17689: 17686: 17683: 17680: 17678: 17675: 17674: 17672: 17666: 17651: 17647: 17644: 17642: 17639: 17637: 17634: 17633: 17632: 17629: 17626: 17622: 17619: 17617: 17614: 17612: 17609: 17608: 17606: 17605: 17603: 17597: 17593: 17584: 17580: 17579:Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr 17577: 17576: 17574: 17571: 17569: 17566: 17562: 17559: 17558: 17556: 17552: 17549: 17547: 17544: 17541: 17538: 17537: 17535: 17532: 17527: 17523: 17522: 17517: 17511: 17508: 17505: 17504: 17500: 17498: 17495: 17493: 17490: 17488: 17485: 17483: 17480: 17476: 17473: 17472: 17471: 17467: 17460: 17457: 17454: 17451: 17450: 17448: 17444: 17441: 17440: 17439: 17436: 17434: 17431: 17429: 17426: 17423: 17422: 17417: 17412: 17409: 17406: 17403: 17400: 17399: 17397: 17395: 17394:People of Nuh 17392: 17390: 17387: 17385: 17382: 17379: 17378: 17374: 17371: 17370: 17366: 17363: 17362: 17358: 17356: 17352: 17351: 17348: 17345: 17337: 17330: 17327: 17324: 17322: 17318: 17315: 17313: 17310: 17308: 17305: 17303: 17300: 17298: 17294: 17290: 17287: 17285: 17282: 17277: 17273: 17270: 17269: 17268: 17265: 17262: 17258: 17257:Aṣḥāb as-Sabt 17255: 17250: 17247: 17246: 17245: 17242: 17241: 17239: 17235: 17231: 17224: 17220: 17206: 17203: 17200: 17198: 17195: 17193: 17190: 17187: 17184: 17181: 17179: 17176: 17174: 17173:Bal'am/Balaam 17171: 17169: 17166: 17164: 17161: 17160: 17158: 17156:not specified 17152: 17145: 17142: 17140: 17137: 17135: 17132: 17129: 17126: 17123: 17120: 17118: 17115: 17112: 17108: 17105: 17102: 17098: 17095: 17094: 17092: 17088: 17078: 17075: 17073: 17070: 17068: 17065: 17063: 17060: 17058: 17055: 17051: 17048: 17045: 17041: 17037: 17034: 17031: 17030: 17028: 17027: 17025: 17019: 17013: 17010: 17005: 17001: 16997: 16994: 16991: 16988: 16984: 16981: 16980: 16978: 16975: 16971: 16967: 16966: 16964: 16958: 16951: 16948: 16944: 16941: 16939: 16936: 16934: 16931: 16930: 16928: 16924: 16921: 16919: 16918:Mary's mother 16916: 16913: 16909: 16908: 16906: 16902: 16899: 16897: 16894: 16891: 16890: 16888: 16885: 16880: 16878: 16877:Father Lamech 16875: 16874: 16872: 16870: 16867: 16863: 16860: 16858: 16855: 16854: 16852: 16851: 16849: 16845: 16841: 16834: 16830: 16815: 16812: 16809: 16805: 16802: 16799: 16796: 16795: 16793: 16789: 16778: 16774: 16770: 16767: 16764: 16760: 16757: 16755: 16752: 16750: 16747: 16746: 16744: 16740: 16733: 16729: 16726: 16723: 16719: 16716: 16713: 16709: 16706: 16702:(Son of Mary) 16701: 16698: 16695: 16691: 16688: 16687: 16685: 16681: 16678: 16674: 16670: 16668: 16665: 16664: 16663: 16660: 16659: 16657: 16649: 16648: 16643: 16636: 16632: 16629: 16627:son of Jacob) 16626: 16622: 16619: 16614: 16611: 16608: 16604: 16600: 16597: 16596: 16594: 16590: 16587: 16582: 16581: 16579: 16575: 16572: 16569: 16565: 16562: 16559: 16555: 16551: 16549:son of David) 16548: 16544: 16541: 16538: 16534: 16531: 16529: 16526: 16523: 16519: 16516: 16512: 16509: 16508: 16506: 16502: 16499: 16496: 16492: 16489: 16486: 16483: 16480: 16477: 16474: 16470: 16467: 16464: 16461: 16458: 16455: 16452: 16449: 16446: 16442: 16439: 16436: 16432: 16429: 16426: 16422: 16419: 16416: 16412: 16409: 16408: 16406: 16402: 16398: 16394: 16389: 16385: 16371: 16370: 16366: 16364: 16360: 16359: 16355: 16354: 16352: 16348: 16341: 16340: 16336: 16333: 16330:(the (chief) 16329: 16328: 16324: 16321: 16320: 16318: 16315: 16311: 16310: 16305: 16299: 16298: 16294: 16291: 16290: 16286: 16284: 16283: 16279: 16277: 16276: 16272: 16271: 16269: 16266: 16265: 16260: 16249: 16246: 16243: 16242: 16238: 16235: 16231: 16227: 16220: 16216: 16213: 16210: 16207: 16206: 16204: 16203: 16199: 16198: 16196: 16193: 16192: 16190: 16188: 16187: 16182: 16176: 16173: 16169: 16166: 16164: 16161: 16160: 16158: 16155: 16153: 16150: 16148: 16145: 16141: 16140: 16136: 16134: 16131: 16130: 16128: 16127: 16125: 16122: 16118: 16117: 16112: 16101: 16097: 16096: 16092: 16089: 16085: 16084: 16080: 16077: 16073: 16070: 16067: 16063: 16062:Dābbat al-Arḍ 16060: 16057: 16053: 16050: 16049: 16047: 16043: 16036: 16035: 16030: 16027: 16026: 16021: 16018: 16017: 16012: 16010: 16007:(dog) of the 16006: 16002: 15999: 15995: 15994: 15989: 15986: 15982: 15979: 15976: 15972: 15971: 15966: 15963: 15962: 15957: 15954: 15953: 15948: 15947: 15945: 15941: 15938: 15934: 15930: 15921: 15917: 15913: 15910: 15909: 15907: 15903: 15900: 15899: 15896: 15889: 15885: 15881: 15876: 15872: 15868: 15860: 15855: 15853: 15848: 15846: 15841: 15840: 15837: 15831: 15828: 15826: 15823: 15821: 15818: 15816: 15813: 15811: 15807: 15804: 15802: 15799: 15797: 15796:Al-Quran.info 15794: 15792: 15789: 15788: 15780: 15777: 15775: 15772: 15771: 15763: 15759: 15756: 15753: 15752: 15737: 15736: 15732: 15730: 15726: 15722: 15718: 15717: 15713: 15712: 15702: 15696: 15692: 15691: 15685: 15681: 15675: 15671: 15667: 15663: 15659: 15653: 15649: 15648: 15643: 15639: 15638: 15635:Encyclopedias 15628: 15624: 15620: 15616: 15612: 15611:Puin, Gerd R. 15608: 15604: 15598: 15594: 15593: 15588: 15584: 15580: 15574: 15570: 15566: 15562: 15557: 15555:0-7007-1256-9 15551: 15547: 15546: 15541: 15537: 15533: 15527: 15523: 15519: 15518:M.M. Al-Azami 15515: 15514: 15504: 15498: 15494: 15489: 15485: 15479: 15475: 15470: 15466: 15460: 15456: 15452: 15448: 15447: 15437: 15436: 15431: 15427: 15423: 15417: 15413: 15409: 15405: 15404: 15402: 15388: 15382: 15378: 15373: 15369: 15363: 15359: 15355: 15351: 15347: 15341: 15337: 15332: 15328: 15322: 15318: 15314: 15310: 15306: 15300: 15296: 15291: 15287: 15281: 15277: 15272: 15268: 15262: 15258: 15254: 15253:Bell, Richard 15250: 15249: 15233: 15227: 15223: 15222: 15216: 15212: 15208: 15204: 15200: 15196: 15192: 15187: 15183: 15179: 15175: 15171: 15167: 15163: 15159: 15158:Bianquis, Th. 15155: 15151: 15147: 15143: 15137: 15134:. Routledge. 15132: 15131: 15125: 15121: 15117: 15111: 15108:. Blackwell. 15107: 15106: 15101: 15097: 15093: 15089: 15085: 15081: 15077: 15073: 15072: 15067: 15063: 15052: 15048: 15044: 15040: 15036: 15030: 15026: 15025: 15020: 15016: 15012: 15008: 15004: 15000: 14996: 14992: 14987: 14983: 14977: 14974:. Archetype. 14973: 14972: 14966: 14962: 14956: 14952: 14951: 14946: 14942: 14938: 14932: 14928: 14923: 14919: 14915: 14911: 14907: 14903: 14898: 14894: 14888: 14884: 14880: 14876: 14872: 14871:Corbin, Henry 14868: 14857: 14851: 14846: 14845: 14839: 14838:Cook, Michael 14835: 14831: 14827: 14823: 14819: 14815: 14811: 14807: 14803: 14799: 14795: 14791: 14787: 14783: 14778: 14774: 14772:9780199730049 14768: 14764: 14760: 14755: 14751: 14749:9789004329003 14745: 14741: 14740: 14735: 14730: 14726: 14720: 14716: 14711: 14707: 14701: 14697: 14696: 14690: 14689: 14676: 14674:90-04-12354-7 14670: 14666: 14662: 14658: 14652: 14645: 14644:spirituality. 14640: 14634: 14630: 14629: 14624: 14618: 14610: 14604: 14600: 14593: 14587: 14581: 14572: 14566:, p. 78. 14565: 14560: 14552: 14546: 14542: 14541: 14536: 14530: 14522: 14518: 14517: 14510: 14502: 14496: 14492: 14488: 14481: 14466: 14462: 14456: 14440: 14439: 14434: 14428: 14422: 14416: 14408: 14402: 14398: 14391: 14383: 14377: 14373: 14366: 14358: 14356:90-04-12354-7 14352: 14348: 14344: 14337: 14329: 14322: 14315: 14311: 14306: 14298: 14292: 14288: 14287: 14282: 14276: 14261: 14257: 14251: 14236: 14232: 14226: 14211:on 6 May 2020 14210: 14206: 14202: 14196: 14188: 14184: 14180: 14173: 14157: 14153: 14149: 14143: 14137:, p. 203 14136: 14131: 14123: 14119: 14113: 14098: 14092: 14088: 14084: 14080: 14076: 14069: 14061: 14059:90-04-09239-0 14055: 14051: 14047: 14043: 14037: 14035: 14026: 14020: 14016: 14015: 14007: 13999: 13993: 13989: 13988: 13983: 13977: 13969: 13963: 13959: 13958: 13953: 13949: 13943: 13941: 13932: 13927:مجموع الفتاوى 13925: 13918: 13916: 13907: 13903: 13900:(2): 88–127. 13899: 13895: 13888: 13880: 13876: 13872: 13868: 13861: 13845: 13841: 13835: 13831: 13830: 13825: 13819: 13811: 13805: 13801: 13794: 13786: 13782: 13778: 13774: 13770: 13763: 13755: 13749: 13745: 13738: 13728: 13726:, pp. 172–87. 13725: 13721: 13720: 13717: 13712: 13704: 13698: 13694: 13687: 13679: 13675: 13671: 13665: 13657: 13653: 13647: 13643: 13639: 13632: 13616: 13612: 13608: 13601: 13593: 13589: 13585: 13578: 13563: 13559: 13552: 13542: 13539: 13535: 13534: 13530: 13524: 13520: 13519: 13514: 13508: 13506: 13497: 13490: 13487:Alya Karame. 13483: 13468:on 6 May 2016 13467: 13463: 13462: 13457: 13450: 13434: 13430: 13426: 13420: 13412: 13406: 13402: 13397: 13396: 13387: 13379: 13375: 13369: 13360: 13352: 13348: 13344: 13338: 13331: 13324: 13319: 13311: 13307: 13301: 13282: 13275: 13269: 13258: 13252: 13246: 13239: 13232: 13226: 13222: 13221: 13216: 13209: 13207: 13205: 13189: 13188: 13183: 13179: 13173: 13157: 13153: 13149: 13142: 13134: 13130: 13126: 13122: 13118: 13111: 13109: 13100: 13094: 13090: 13083: 13075: 13071: 13067: 13061: 13045: 13041: 13037: 13033: 13027: 13025: 13023: 13006: 13002: 12998: 12994: 12988: 12980: 12976: 12972: 12968: 12964: 12957: 12949: 12943: 12939: 12932: 12924: 12918: 12914: 12907: 12905: 12888: 12884: 12880: 12876: 12870: 12855: 12849: 12845: 12841: 12837: 12833: 12826: 12818: 12814: 12810: 12806: 12802: 12798: 12794: 12790: 12783: 12777: 12772: 12770: 12768: 12751: 12745: 12737: 12732:, p. 734 12731: 12726: 12717: 12708: 12692: 12688: 12682: 12666: 12662: 12660:9789675062278 12656: 12652: 12651: 12643: 12635: 12628: 12622: 12616: 12601: 12597: 12590: 12582: 12578: 12574: 12568: 12560: 12556: 12550: 12542: 12538: 12532: 12530: 12521: 12514: 12506: 12502: 12496: 12488: 12484: 12478: 12471: 12467: 12462: 12443: 12436: 12430: 12423: 12417: 12409: 12403: 12396: 12391: 12383: 12377: 12373: 12372: 12364: 12356: 12350: 12346: 12345: 12337: 12331: 12327: 12323: 12317: 12302: 12298: 12291: 12276: 12275:New Statesman 12272: 12265: 12250: 12246: 12241: 12236: 12232: 12228: 12224: 12217: 12202: 12198: 12191: 12183: 12177: 12173: 12166: 12151: 12145: 12141: 12140: 12132: 12125: 12123: 12116: 12109: 12107: 12100: 12092: 12085: 12078: 12076: 12069: 12067: 12060: 12054: 12046: 12042: 12035: 12027: 12023: 12019: 12015: 12009: 12005: 12000: 11999: 11998:, p. 12 11997: 11991: 11984: 11983: 11976: 11960: 11959:National Post 11956: 11949: 11933: 11929: 11925: 11918: 11909: 11903: 11897: 11889: 11885: 11878: 11869: 11860: 11844: 11840: 11833: 11814: 11807: 11800: 11794: 11790: 11783: 11781: 11764: 11760: 11753: 11746: 11742: 11736: 11732: 11728: 11721: 11719: 11711: 11706: 11700: 11696: 11689: 11681: 11675: 11668: 11664: 11662:0-684-82507-4 11658: 11654: 11647: 11640: 11636: 11630: 11623: 11622: 11615: 11607: 11603: 11599: 11595: 11588: 11586: 11579: 11576: 11572: 11568: 11565: 11561: 11557: 11553: 11549: 11548:Oliver Leaman 11545: 11541: 11537: 11533: 11527: 11519: 11513: 11509: 11505: 11501: 11500: 11492: 11483: 11475: 11469: 11465: 11458: 11452: 11446: 11438: 11434: 11430: 11426: 11422: 11418: 11414: 11408: 11400: 11393: 11377: 11373: 11369: 11362: 11355: 11350: 11335: 11331: 11324: 11316: 11310: 11306: 11302: 11298: 11291: 11284: 11282:90-04-12354-7 11278: 11274: 11270: 11266: 11260: 11249: 11242: 11241: 11233: 11218: 11214: 11208: 11200: 11198:0-520-07298-7 11194: 11190: 11186: 11180: 11172: 11170:90-04-12354-7 11166: 11162: 11158: 11154: 11150: 11146: 11139: 11137: 11127: 11114: 11108:, p. 53. 11107: 11102: 11096: 11090: 11082: 11076: 11072: 11068: 11067: 11058: 11050: 11044: 11040: 11036: 11029: 11020: 11005: 11001: 10998:Dukes, Kais. 10994: 10987: 10982: 10966: 10962: 10956: 10949: 10945: 10939: 10924: 10923:science blogs 10920: 10914: 10908: 10901: 10895: 10888: 10883: 10881: 10864: 10860: 10859: 10851: 10843: 10839: 10835: 10831: 10827: 10823: 10816: 10809: 10804: 10797: 10792: 10790: 10788: 10772: 10771:New Statesman 10768: 10761: 10759: 10757: 10755: 10739: 10732: 10724: 10720: 10714: 10698: 10694: 10688: 10686: 10678: 10672: 10664: 10658: 10654: 10647: 10632: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10614: 10610: 10606: 10599: 10584:. p. 572 10583: 10576: 10569: 10561: 10555: 10548: 10543: 10535: 10529: 10513: 10509: 10502: 10496: 10492: 10488: 10484: 10480: 10474: 10466: 10460: 10452: 10446: 10442: 10441: 10433: 10426: 10421: 10413: 10407: 10403: 10402: 10397: 10390: 10383: 10379: 10375: 10369: 10360: 10352: 10348: 10344: 10340: 10336: 10332: 10328: 10324: 10320: 10313: 10307: 10302: 10300: 10292: 10290: 10283: 10276: 10270: 10263: 10258: 10251: 10246: 10230: 10226: 10220: 10205: 10201: 10194: 10178: 10174: 10167: 10159: 10157:9781589017528 10153: 10149: 10148: 10140: 10125: 10121: 10115: 10108: 10104: 10098: 10082: 10078: 10077:Teslimolanlar 10074: 10068: 10061: 10055: 10049: 10043: 10035: 10029: 10025: 10018: 10016: 10007: 10001: 9997: 9996: 9988: 9986: 9976: 9968: 9962: 9956: 9950: 9942: 9936: 9932: 9931: 9923: 9915: 9911: 9907: 9900: 9881: 9874: 9868: 9862: 9861:0-19-283589-0 9858: 9854: 9850: 9843: 9835: 9829: 9825: 9818: 9811: 9806: 9800: 9794: 9788: 9782: 9776: 9773: 9772:Surah An-Nisa 9768: 9760: 9756: 9750: 9746: 9742: 9735: 9733: 9716: 9712: 9711: 9703: 9697: 9692: 9676: 9669: 9663: 9656: 9648: 9646:0-0606-3126-0 9642: 9638: 9634: 9630: 9629: 9621: 9613: 9609: 9603: 9595: 9591: 9585: 9577: 9573: 9567: 9561: 9555: 9548: 9543: 9536: 9535:Levenson 2012 9531: 9524: 9519: 9512: 9511:Levenson 2012 9507: 9501: 9495: 9487: 9481: 9477: 9476: 9471: 9464: 9457: 9450: 9443: 9438: 9432: 9428: 9421: 9413: 9407: 9403: 9396: 9389: 9387: 9381: 9375: 9371: 9364: 9351: 9347: 9342: 9336: 9329: 9321: 9315: 9311: 9310: 9302: 9294: 9288: 9284: 9283: 9275: 9260: 9256: 9249: 9247: 9238: 9232: 9228: 9221: 9219: 9202: 9198: 9192: 9185: 9181: 9175: 9160: 9156: 9149: 9133: 9126: 9124: 9108: 9104: 9097: 9089: 9085: 9081: 9077: 9073: 9069: 9062: 9054: 9050: 9046: 9042: 9035: 9027: 9023: 9019: 9015: 9008: 9000: 8996: 8989: 8983: 8982:1-59102-430-7 8979: 8975: 8969: 8961: 8957: 8953: 8949: 8945: 8938: 8936: 8927: 8923: 8919: 8915: 8908: 8901: 8896: 8889: 8883: 8876: 8869: 8860: 8856: 8853: 8851:, pp. 130–35. 8850: 8849:Oliver Leaman 8846: 8844:, pp. 159–63. 8843: 8842:Andrew Rippin 8839: 8836: 8833: 8832: 8829: 8823: 8818: 8817: 8811: 8805: 8803: 8801: 8791: 8782: 8774: 8770: 8766: 8762: 8758: 8751: 8744:(8): 141–166. 8743: 8739: 8732: 8724: 8717: 8709: 8702: 8694: 8690: 8684: 8677: 8673: 8667: 8660: 8655: 8653: 8645: 8640: 8632: 8625: 8616: 8612: 8610:, pp. 172–87. 8609: 8605: 8602: 8599: 8596: 8592: 8590:, pp. 107–20. 8589: 8588:Navid Kermani 8585: 8584: 8582: 8577: 8575: 8567: 8562: 8547: 8543: 8536: 8529: 8525: 8521: 8517: 8509: 8504: 8502: 8500: 8492: 8487: 8479: 8475: 8469: 8461: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8443: 8439: 8435: 8428: 8420: 8416: 8412: 8406: 8404: 8395: 8389: 8385: 8378: 8376: 8374: 8358: 8354: 8348: 8333: 8329: 8323: 8321: 8319: 8303: 8296: 8294: 8292: 8275: 8269: 8267: 8265: 8256: 8254:9960-9677-0-0 8250: 8246: 8239: 8237: 8235: 8233: 8217: 8213: 8207: 8199: 8195: 8191: 8187: 8183: 8179: 8172: 8166: 8160: 8152: 8146: 8142: 8138: 8134: 8133: 8128: 8127:Arnold, T. W. 8124: 8117: 8111: 8105: 8099: 8093: 8085: 8081: 8077: 8071: 8063: 8057: 8053: 8046: 8038: 8032: 8028: 8021: 8019: 8010: 8004: 8000: 7993: 7991: 7989: 7987: 7985: 7983: 7981: 7973: 7968: 7962: 7956: 7948: 7944: 7940: 7934: 7932: 7923: 7917: 7913: 7906: 7900: 7897: 7896:Surah Al-Qadr 7892: 7884: 7878: 7874: 7867: 7860: 7854: 7847: 7841: 7835: 7831: 7825: 7819: 7813: 7807: 7801: 7795: 7790: 7788: 7786: 7784: 7782: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7774: 7772: 7770: 7768: 7766: 7764: 7747: 7743: 7739: 7733: 7725: 7719: 7715: 7714: 7706: 7699: 7695: 7689: 7685: 7681: 7674: 7667: 7662: 7656: 7652: 7645: 7638: 7634: 7627: 7619: 7618: 7613: 7607: 7599: 7591: 7587: 7586: 7580: 7573: 7565: 7557: 7553: 7552: 7546: 7539: 7531: 7527: 7523: 7522: 7514: 7499: 7495: 7489: 7487: 7478: 7474: 7470: 7469: 7461: 7455: 7449: 7443: 7437: 7431: 7425: 7419: 7413: 7409: 7395: 7389: 7385: 7378: 7372: 7366: 7360: 7356: 7348: 7342: 7333: 7324: 7315: 7305: 7296: 7287: 7278: 7271: 7269: 7268:Abu Hudhaifah 7265: 7258: 7257:Abu Hudhaifah 7252: 7243: 7234: 7227: 7221: 7213: 7207: 7202: 7196: 7189: 7185: 7181: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7157: 7153: 7149: 7143: 7109: 7103: 7089: 7076: 7072: 7071: 7061: 7033: 7024: 7016: 7008: 7000: 6992: 6986: 6981:/al.qurˈʔaːn/ 6978: 6972: 6963: 6934: 6911: 6885: 6879: 6862: 6845: 6822: 6793: 6789: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6747: 6743: 6741: 6740:Digital Quran 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6692: 6687: 6681: 6676: 6673: 6667: 6662: 6659: 6648: 6641: 6639: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6613: 6611: 6610:New Testament 6607: 6603: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6523: 6519: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6503: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6474: 6469: 6466:According to 6464: 6462: 6458: 6450: 6444: 6438: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6397: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6382: 6378: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6358: 6354: 6350: 6345: 6341: 6331: 6329: 6324: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6292: 6282: 6280: 6277:published an 6276: 6272: 6268: 6265:published an 6264: 6263:Gustav Flügel 6260: 6258: 6254: 6250: 6246: 6242: 6238: 6233: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6218: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6188: 6184: 6173: 6169: 6164: 6162: 6154: 6141: 6140: 6133: 6128: 6124: 6122: 6115: 6110: 6106: 6100: 6095: 6092: 6088: 6081: 6076: 6075: 6074: 6072: 6067: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6052: 6050: 6049: 6044: 6040: 6039: 6034: 6030: 6029: 6024: 6023: 6018: 6017: 6012: 6011: 6005: 6004: 5998: 5994: 5993: 5988: 5987:calligraphers 5982: 5967: 5965: 5961: 5960: 5955: 5954:Ibn Taymiyyah 5950: 5948: 5944: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5924:(d. 796) and 5923: 5919: 5918: 5913: 5912:seven readers 5909: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5880: 5878: 5872: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5861: 5856: 5846: 5841: 5837: 5836:Seven readers 5833: 5829: 5815: 5810: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5796: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5761: 5759: 5758:Ibn al-Jazari 5754: 5748: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5729: 5722: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5697: 5684: 5677: 5672: 5665: 5660: 5656: 5655:André du Ryer 5651: 5650: 5641: 5636: 5632: 5625: 5620: 5613: 5608: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5603:Moga district 5600: 5596: 5591: 5589: 5588: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5546:Andre du Ryer 5542: 5541: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5526: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5511: 5510: 5505: 5501: 5500: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5470: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5447: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5401: 5399: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5362: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5344: 5338: 5328: 5326: 5322: 5321:hermeneutical 5312: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5296: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5276: 5275:Al-Suhrawardi 5272: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5248: 5246: 5242: 5237: 5231: 5229: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5209: 5204: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5188: 5184: 5179: 5177: 5176: 5170: 5165: 5161: 5160: 5155: 5151: 5150: 5145: 5144: 5138: 5133: 5132: 5126: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5109: 5105: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5073: 5069: 5059: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4994: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4971: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4916: 4913: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4893: 4888: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4859: 4853: 4848: 4845: 4838: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4818: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4798: 4793: 4786: 4781: 4777: 4776: 4771: 4767: 4760: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4736: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4717: 4712: 4711: 4710: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4678: 4675: 4670: 4669: 4663: 4658: 4657:jurisprudence 4654: 4650: 4645: 4643: 4639: 4634: 4623: 4622: 4617: 4615: 4611: 4610: 4606: 4596: 4593: 4580: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4556: 4555: 4550: 4548: 4544: 4543: 4539: 4523: 4520: 4501: 4500: 4494: 4476: 4471: 4467: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4451: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4371:angel Gabriel 4368: 4363: 4361: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4332: 4329: 4325: 4320: 4313: 4308: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4280: 4278: 4274: 4264: 4253: 4248: 4246: 4241: 4239: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4230: 4225: 4215: 4214: 4213: 4212: 4205: 4202: 4201: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4187: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4165: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4145: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4126: 4125: 4124: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4109: 4104: 4103: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4086: 4083: 4079: 4076: 4075: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4063:Proselytizing 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3972: 3971:Denominations 3969: 3965: 3962: 3961: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3921: 3918: 3914: 3909: 3908: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3877: 3874: 3873: 3869: 3867: 3866: 3862: 3860: 3859: 3855: 3854: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3842: 3839: 3834: 3833: 3826: 3824: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3812: 3811: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3780: 3779: 3775: 3774: 3769: 3768: 3763: 3762: 3758: 3756: 3755: 3751: 3750: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3735: 3731: 3730: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3697: 3694: 3689: 3688: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3650: 3646: 3643: 3642: 3639: 3634: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3624: 3621: 3618: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3608: 3600: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3585: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3516: 3510: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3439: 3438: 3431: 3427: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3407:اَلْإِعْجَازُ 3404: 3399: 3394: 3388: 3384: 3377:Inimitability 3374: 3371: 3365: 3360: 3359: 3353: 3348: 3344: 3339: 3337: 3333: 3332:Michael Sells 3327: 3325: 3319: 3317: 3313: 3306: 3302: 3297: 3288: 3286: 3285: 3279: 3273: 3268: 3267: 3261: 3260:rubʻ al-ahzab 3255: 3249: 3244: 3243: 3237: 3231: 3226: 3225: 3219: 3217: 3216:Bilal Philips 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3196: 3191: 3190: 3185: 3184: 3179: 3178: 3173: 3172: 3166: 3155: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3136: 3132: 3131: 3125: 3123: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3096: 3095: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3073: 3069: 3064: 3060: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3037: 3032: 3031: 3024: 3020: 3010: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2987: 2985: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2913: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2878: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2856: 2852: 2849: 2848:pseudoscience 2845: 2841: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2826: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2804: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2782:According to 2779: 2769: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2746: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2715: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2684:Gog and Magog 2681: 2676: 2673: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2630:of the human 2629: 2625: 2619: 2609: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2586: 2585: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2506: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2466: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2448: 2443: 2442: 2437: 2429: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2409:good and evil 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2360:Al Mutakabbir 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2318: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2271: 2265: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2233: 2226: 2225: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2197:strong sunnah 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2126: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2094: 2086: 2082: 2081: 2075: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2056: 2046: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2025: 2020: 2016: 2013: 2007: 2001: 1995: 1989: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1971: 1970:seven heavens 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1948: 1944: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1887:Gog and Magog 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1753: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1727: 1723: 1722:Hijazi script 1719: 1715: 1710: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1656: 1654: 1653:critical text 1648: 1646: 1641: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1622: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1584: 1580: 1570: 1568: 1567:Ubay ibn Ka'b 1564: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1501: 1495: 1491: 1486: 1482: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1447: 1445: 1434: 1430: 1425: 1413: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1370: 1368: 1363: 1357: 1352: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1322:Dhu al-Hijjah 1318: 1315: 1310: 1306: 1295: 1290: 1284: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1268: 1262: 1257: 1256: 1247: 1243: 1238: 1234: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1194: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1174:relates that 1173: 1167:Prophetic era 1163: 1159: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1138: 1132: 1126: 1120: 1114: 1108: 1102: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1085: 1084: 1077: 1076: 1069: 1068: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1050: 1043: 1042: 1035: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1008: 1003: 998: 995: 988: 976: 971: 957: 952: 948: 946: 940: 935: 917: 912: 910: 905: 903: 898: 897: 895: 894: 889: 886: 884: 881: 880: 879: 878: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 852: 844: 843: 836: 833: 831: 828: 827: 819: 818: 809: 806: 805: 803: 799: 798: 795: 792: 791: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 769: 765: 759: 758: 749: 746: 744: 741: 740: 739: 736: 735: 731: 725: 724: 717: 714: 712: 709: 708: 705: 702: 700: 697: 696: 693: 690: 688: 685: 684: 680: 674: 673: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 652: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 635: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 618: 610: 609: 602: 601: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 586: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 567: 566: 563: 562: 554: 553: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 528: 527: 523: 522: 519: 516: 515: 510: 507: 505: 502: 501: 500: 497: 496: 492: 486: 485: 482: 479: 478: 475: 473: 468: 467: 460: 459: 453: 448: 447: 441: 437: 433: 428: 426: 421: 416: 412: 408: 403: 401: 397: 386: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 354: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 317: 313: 310: 305: 303: 299: 295: 291: 289: 288: 280: 279: 275: 269: 268: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 226: 222: 213: 210: 206: 203: 191: 188: 184: 181: 180: 173: 167: 166: 161: 157: 154: 153: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 127: 124: 120: 117: 114: 110: 105: 94: 90: 89:Hijazi script 86: 82: 76: 71: 67: 61: 49: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 21282: 21274: 21260: 21246: 21210:Roman Missal 21201: 21170:Early modern 21134: 21129:(Sanamahism) 21074:(Gnosticism) 21063: 21042:Deuterocanon 21009: 21005:Tao Te Ching 21003: 20832:Islamophobia 20707:Christianity 20655: 20588:Contemporary 20482:Architecture 20421: 20387: 20375: 20363: 20321: 20314: 20280: 20262: 20257:Nikah mut'ah 20255: 20248: 20241: 20234: 20227: 20220: 20184: 20172: 20165: 20158: 20151: 20131: 20124: 20117: 20110: 20023: 19804: 19784: 19728: 19710: 19703: 19647: 19640: 19633: 19626: 19619: 19612:Five Pillars 19589: 19555: 19544:God in Islam 19521: 19470: 19454: 19446: 19440: 19434: 19399: 19389: 19377: 19367: 19341:In Paradise 19331: 19321: 19311: 19301: 19295: 19285: 19269: 19266:(Plant stem) 19263: 19257: 19251: 19245: 19240:Plant matter 19227: 19221: 19213: 19207: 19201: 19195: 19104: 19075: 19071: 19039: 19003:Umm al-Kitāb 19001: 18988: 18975:Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā 18973: 18960: 18952: 18945: 18943: 18930: 18887: 18883:Ghadir Khumm 18867:('The Dawn') 18861: 18855: 18842: 18836: 18827: 18818: 18812: 18809:('The Noon') 18803: 18792: 18786: 18778: 18772: 18766: 18760: 18752: 18746: 18740: 18734: 18728: 18718: 18697: 18688: 18638:Days of Hajj 18626: 18623:(The Friday) 18617: 18569: 18527: 18514: 18482:Paradise of 18469:Jordan River 18464:Dār an-Nadwa 18463: 18445: 18407: 18402:Cave of Hira 18394: 18389: 18379: 18326:Masjid Qubāʾ 18325: 18307: 18297: 18289: 18275: 18263: 18255: 18229:Qaryat Yūnus 18228: 18218: 18208: 18168: 18158: 18144: 18135:Sinai Region 18117:Dam of Sheba 18112: 18100: 18085: 18075: 18066: 18051: 18033: 18011: 17999: 17991: 17961: 17956: 17946: 17929: 17916: 17903: 17821: 17799: 17790:Ahl al-Kitāb 17789: 17767: 17763:Zoroastrians 17759: 17754:disbelievers 17747: 17740: 17698:Banu Qurayza 17693:Banu Qaynuqa 17682:Ahl as-Suffa 17681: 17595: 17578: 17550: 17519: 17502: 17487:Sons of Adam 17442: 17418: 17410: 17401: 17375: 17369:Banī Isrāʾīl 17367: 17360: 17325: 17288: 17271: 17256: 17243: 17188:Luqman's son 17035: 16999: 16992: 16982: 16886:Luqman's son 16857:Martyred son 16749:Dhūl-Qarnain 16699: 16689: 16653:Perseverance 16645: 16623:ibn Ya‘qūb ( 16613:Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt 16612: 16601:('He of the 16598: 16511:Dhabih Ullah 16367: 16362: 16356: 16337: 16325: 16307: 16295: 16287: 16280: 16273: 16262: 16241:Malakul-Mawt 16239: 16214: 16208: 16200: 16185: 16156: 16137: 16114: 16093: 16081: 16071: 16061: 16051: 16032: 16023: 16014: 16004: 16000:) of Solomon 15991: 15980: 15968: 15959: 15950: 15919: 15866: 15733: 15714: 15689: 15669: 15646: 15642:McAuliffe JD 15626: 15614: 15591: 15568: 15544: 15521: 15492: 15473: 15454: 15434: 15411: 15376: 15357: 15335: 15316: 15294: 15275: 15256: 15220: 15194: 15190: 15173: 15129: 15104: 15075: 15069: 15054:. Retrieved 15050: 15023: 14994: 14990: 14970: 14949: 14926: 14912:(1): 15–32. 14909: 14905: 14874: 14861:24 September 14859:. Retrieved 14843: 14821: 14788:(1): 67–70. 14785: 14781: 14762: 14738: 14714: 14694: 14664: 14651: 14642: 14627: 14617: 14598: 14592: 14580: 14571: 14559: 14539: 14535:Rawandi, Ibn 14529: 14515: 14509: 14490: 14480: 14468:. Retrieved 14464: 14455: 14443:. Retrieved 14436: 14427: 14415: 14396: 14390: 14371: 14365: 14346: 14336: 14327: 14321: 14316:, p. 67 14305: 14285: 14275: 14263:. Retrieved 14259: 14250: 14238:. Retrieved 14234: 14225: 14213:. Retrieved 14209:the original 14204: 14195: 14178: 14172: 14160:. Retrieved 14156:the original 14151: 14142: 14130: 14121: 14112: 14100:. Retrieved 14078: 14068: 14049: 14013: 14006: 13986: 13976: 13956: 13931:Total Fatwas 13930: 13923: 13897: 13893: 13887: 13873:(2): 71–89. 13870: 13866: 13860: 13848:. Retrieved 13844:the original 13828: 13818: 13799: 13793: 13779:(2): 73–87. 13776: 13772: 13769:Ten Readings 13762: 13743: 13737: 13711: 13692: 13686: 13678:the original 13673: 13664: 13656:the original 13641: 13631: 13619:. Retrieved 13615:the original 13611:islam21c.com 13610: 13600: 13592:the original 13587: 13577: 13565:. Retrieved 13561: 13551: 13540:, pp. 71–81; 13516: 13495: 13482: 13470:. Retrieved 13466:the original 13459: 13449: 13437:. Retrieved 13433:the original 13428: 13419: 13394: 13386: 13377: 13368: 13359: 13351:the original 13346: 13337: 13326: 13318: 13310:the original 13300: 13288:. Retrieved 13268: 13251: 13238: 13218: 13191:. Retrieved 13185: 13172: 13160:. Retrieved 13155: 13151: 13141: 13124: 13120: 13116: 13088: 13082: 13074:the original 13069: 13060: 13048:. Retrieved 13044:the original 13039: 13009:. Retrieved 13005:the original 13000: 12987: 12970: 12966: 12962: 12956: 12937: 12931: 12912: 12891:. Retrieved 12887:the original 12882: 12869: 12857:. Retrieved 12835: 12825: 12792: 12782: 12754:. Retrieved 12744: 12725: 12716: 12707: 12695:. Retrieved 12681: 12669:. Retrieved 12649: 12642: 12633: 12627: 12615: 12603:. Retrieved 12599: 12589: 12581:the original 12576: 12567: 12559:the original 12549: 12540: 12519: 12513: 12504: 12495: 12486: 12477: 12469: 12461: 12449:. Retrieved 12429: 12421: 12416: 12402: 12397:, p. 30 12390: 12370: 12363: 12343: 12336: 12321: 12316: 12304:. Retrieved 12300: 12290: 12278:. Retrieved 12274: 12264: 12252:. Retrieved 12230: 12226: 12216: 12204:. Retrieved 12200: 12190: 12171: 12165: 12153:. Retrieved 12138: 12131: 12121: 12115: 12105: 12104:Ibn Warraq, 12099: 12090: 12084: 12074: 12053: 12044: 12034: 12003: 11990: 11980: 11975: 11963:. Retrieved 11958: 11948: 11936:. Retrieved 11932:the original 11927: 11917: 11908: 11896: 11887: 11883: 11877: 11868: 11859: 11847:. Retrieved 11832: 11820:. Retrieved 11799: 11767:. Retrieved 11752: 11744: 11726: 11710:masterpiece. 11708: 11694: 11688: 11666: 11652: 11646: 11634: 11633:Denis Gril, 11629: 11619: 11614: 11600:(2): 23–53. 11597: 11593: 11578:Islam (1990) 11577: 11570: 11566: 11564:Henry Stubbe 11559: 11551: 11543: 11535: 11526: 11498: 11491: 11482: 11463: 11457: 11445: 11420: 11416: 11407: 11398: 11392: 11382:30 September 11380:. Retrieved 11376:the original 11371: 11361: 11353: 11349: 11337:. Retrieved 11333: 11323: 11304: 11290: 11272: 11259: 11248:the original 11239: 11232: 11220:. Retrieved 11216: 11207: 11188: 11179: 11152: 11113: 11101: 11094: 11089: 11065: 11057: 11034: 11028: 11019: 11007:. Retrieved 11003: 10993: 10981: 10969:. Retrieved 10964: 10955: 10947: 10938: 10926:. Retrieved 10922: 10917:Pharyngula. 10907: 10899: 10894: 10867:. Retrieved 10863:the original 10857: 10850: 10825: 10821: 10815: 10810:, p. 29 10803: 10798:, p. 30 10774:. Retrieved 10770: 10741:. Retrieved 10731: 10713: 10701:. Retrieved 10697:the original 10676: 10671: 10652: 10646: 10634:. Retrieved 10612: 10608: 10598: 10586:. Retrieved 10581: 10568: 10554: 10542: 10528: 10516:. Retrieved 10501: 10473: 10459: 10439: 10432: 10420: 10400: 10389: 10377: 10373: 10368: 10359: 10326: 10322: 10312: 10288: 10282: 10269: 10257: 10245: 10233:. Retrieved 10229:the original 10219: 10207:. Retrieved 10203: 10193: 10181:. Retrieved 10177:the original 10166: 10146: 10139: 10127:. Retrieved 10123: 10114: 10106: 10102: 10097: 10085:. Retrieved 10081:the original 10076: 10067: 10059: 10054: 10042: 10023: 9994: 9975: 9961: 9949: 9929: 9922: 9913: 9909: 9899: 9887:. Retrieved 9880:the original 9867: 9852: 9842: 9823: 9817: 9805: 9793: 9781: 9767: 9759:the original 9744: 9719:. Retrieved 9709: 9702: 9696:אזכרי אלעזר 9691: 9679:. Retrieved 9668: 9655: 9632: 9627: 9620: 9611: 9602: 9593: 9584: 9575: 9566: 9554: 9542: 9530: 9525:, p. 9. 9518: 9513:, p. 8. 9506: 9494: 9474: 9463: 9449: 9440: 9426: 9420: 9401: 9395: 9385: 9383: 9369: 9363: 9341: 9328: 9308: 9301: 9281: 9274: 9262:. Retrieved 9258: 9226: 9205:. Retrieved 9200: 9191: 9183: 9174: 9162:. Retrieved 9158: 9148: 9136:. Retrieved 9112:24 September 9110:. Retrieved 9106: 9096: 9071: 9067: 9061: 9044: 9040: 9034: 9017: 9013: 9007: 8998: 8988: 8973: 8972:Ibn Warraq, 8968: 8946:(91): 5–22. 8943: 8917: 8913: 8907: 8895: 8888:Samia Mehrez 8882: 8868: 8815: 8790: 8781: 8764: 8760: 8750: 8741: 8737: 8731: 8722: 8716: 8707: 8701: 8693:the original 8683: 8675: 8671: 8666: 8639: 8624: 8615:Anna M. Gade 8561: 8549:. Retrieved 8545: 8535: 8526: 8522: 8512: 8486: 8477: 8468: 8441: 8437: 8427: 8418: 8411:Donner, Fred 8383: 8360:. Retrieved 8356: 8347: 8335:. Retrieved 8331: 8305:. Retrieved 8278:. Retrieved 8244: 8219:. Retrieved 8215: 8206: 8181: 8177: 8171: 8159: 8131: 8116: 8104: 8092: 8084:the original 8079: 8070: 8051: 8045: 8026: 7998: 7974:, p. 98 7967: 7955: 7942: 7911: 7905: 7891: 7872: 7866: 7853: 7840: 7829: 7824: 7812: 7800: 7750:. Retrieved 7746:the original 7732: 7712: 7705: 7697: 7679: 7673: 7666:masterpiece. 7664: 7650: 7644: 7636: 7632: 7626: 7615: 7606: 7583: 7572: 7549: 7538: 7519: 7513: 7501:. Retrieved 7498:Google Books 7497: 7466: 7460: 7448: 7436: 7424: 7412: 7388: 7376: 7371: 7364: 7359: 7346: 7341: 7332: 7323: 7314: 7304: 7295: 7286: 7277: 7261: 7251: 7242: 7233: 7220: 7200: 7195: 7187: 7183: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7167: 7163: 7159: 7155: 7151: 7147: 7142: 7032: 6971: 6883: 6792: 6744: 6658:Islam portal 6619: 6616:Arab writing 6600:). In fact, 6471: 6465: 6454: 6441: 6394: 6340:Baháʼí Faith 6337: 6325: 6321:Manichaeaism 6294: 6261: 6234: 6219: 6168:movable type 6165: 6159: 6137: 6120: 6104: 6087:"Blue" Quran 6068: 6063: 6053: 6046: 6042: 6036: 6032: 6026: 6020: 6014: 6008: 6001: 5996: 5990: 5984: 5958: 5951: 5915: 5881: 5873: 5865:assimilation 5858: 5851: 5806: 5793: 5762: 5749: 5726: 5724: 5592: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5554:Richard Bell 5523: 5514: 5507: 5497: 5471: 5444: 5402: 5385:its language 5378: 5360: 5331:Translations 5318: 5304:ruh al-Bayan 5292: 5254: 5232: 5212: 5197: 5192: 5180: 5173: 5157: 5147: 5141: 5129: 5127: 5123:prophetology 5111: 5107: 5094:Henry Corbin 5075: 5052:Risale-i Nur 5025: 4987:Israʼiliyyat 4968: 4917: 4883: 4857: 4773: 4699:mosque lamps 4695:illumination 4687:Islamic arts 4684: 4666: 4646: 4629: 4619: 4598: 4582: 4572: 4562: 4552: 4525: 4503: 4453: 4369:through the 4364: 4342: 4315: 4310: 4281: 4269: 4180:Islamophobia 3959:Demographics 3954:Circumcision 3870: 3863: 3856: 3822: 3814: 3798: 3790: 3782: 3771: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3586: 3559: 3555: 3511: 3456: 3390: 3356: 3340: 3328: 3320: 3309: 3282: 3264: 3251:), and each 3240: 3222: 3220: 3193: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3170: 3151: 3128: 3126: 3107: 3092: 3077: 3044: 3034: 3028: 3026: 2988: 2981: 2973:Ali A. Rizvi 2964: 2914: 2893: 2875: 2873: 2842: 2838:natural laws 2830:Rodney Stark 2823: 2814: 2806: 2799: 2781: 2747: 2738: 2716: 2704:metaphorical 2677: 2668: 2659:Adam and Eve 2636:resurrection 2621: 2574:Israʼiliyyat 2559: 2507: 2463: 2445: 2439: 2433: 2407:determining 2373: 2372: 2324: 2253: 2230: 2229: 2222: 2203:every year. 2162: 2149: 2123: 2097: 2078: 2058: 2031:unity of God 2028: 1974: 1953:cosmological 1950: 1943:God in Islam 1895:King Solomon 1883:Dhul-Qarnayn 1877:(parents of 1864: 1810: 1804: 1762:resurrection 1755: 1711: 1706:Gerd R. Puin 1673: 1650: 1637: 1634:states that: 1626: 1586: 1560: 1540:Ibn Babawayh 1498: 1463:North Africa 1448: 1444:Michael Cook 1390: 1334: 1319: 1285: 1265: 1251: 1246:Sura Al-Alaq 1233:revelation. 1191: 1184:Cave of Hira 1170: 1107:umm al-kitāb 1097: 1020: 999: 930: 888:Islam portal 777:Hermeneutics 730:Translations 598: 480: 429: 404: 355: 314:through the 306: 283: 265: 241: 237: 233: 231: 198: 186: 176: 171: 163: 149: 36: 21265:(Thelemite) 21257:(Ahmadiyya) 21237:(Mormonism) 21123:(Hinduism) 20607:Other areas 20598:Theological 20593:Eschatology 20550:Mathematics 20487:Calligraphy 20417:Theological 20371:Inheritance 20288:Cleanliness 19718:Shi'a Imams 19712:Ahl al-Bayt 19316:Pomegranate 19216:(The Earth) 19109:golden calf 18682:Pilgrimages 18415:Hudaybiyyah 18330:Quba Mosque 18284:Prostration 18235:,' that is 18196:Mesopotamia 18185:Mount Tabor 18181:Mount Sinai 18163:Mount Sinai 18113:ʿArim Sabaʾ 17851:Polytheists 17601:Household') 17596:Ahl al-Bayt 17553:(People of 17551:Qawm Tubbaʿ 17497:Wife of Lut 17492:Wife of Nuh 17343:or families 17341:ethnicities 17062:Moses' wife 16545:ibn Dāwūd ( 16327:ash-Shayṭān 16219:Holy Spirit 16045:Non-related 15768:Manuscripts 15154:Bearman, P. 14657:Kadi, Wadad 14310:Watson 1968 14179:The Library 14162:16 February 13716:Rippin 2006 13567:9 September 13538:Tamara Sonn 13461:The Tribune 13439:21 November 13193:21 November 13178:Aslan, Reza 13162:17 December 13050:16 February 13011:16 February 12973:(1): 1–21. 12893:16 February 12859:29 December 12776:Corbin 1993 12671:18 December 12395:Corbin 1993 12233:(2): 411+. 12155:28 February 12073:Guillaume, 11996:Corbin 1993 11982:Denver Post 11890:(1): 31–47. 11849:21 February 11822:21 February 11769:21 February 11506:. pp. 11417:Social Text 10723:Hoax Slayer 10209:22 December 10124:quranix.org 9523:Peters 2003 8859:Tamara Sonn 8659:Peters 1991 8595:Tamara Sonn 8581:Rippin 2006 8551:16 February 8184:(1): 1–26. 7503:16 February 7465:"Alcoran". 7133:the lecture 7094:ٱلۡقُرۡءَان 6672:Book portal 6361:Diatessaron 6353:Bahá'u'lláh 6269:in 1834 in 5888:Ibn Mujāhid 5869:alternation 5781:Maria Ulfah 5773:Abdul Basit 5765:El Minshawy 5593:The oldest 5550:George Sale 5548:. In 1734, 5325:apologetics 5269:(d. 1193), 5146:are called 5096:narrates a 5046:written by 4775:Ayat an-Nur 4772:, with the 4766:mosque lamp 4722:Calligraphy 4709:or albums. 4691:calligraphy 4333:during the 4319:Kalām Allāh 4195:Laws of war 3858:Ahl al-Bayt 3743:Foundations 3493:and recent 3139:حروف مقطعات 2951:, even the 2929:black holes 2910:Adnan Oktar 2882:Bucailleism 2708:allegorical 2628:immortality 2624:eschatology 2612:Eschatology 2590:end of time 2524:), prayer ( 2472:, the term 2460:prostration 2436:family life 2428:second sura 2309:, join the 2295:a sky layer 2165:Eid-al-Adha 2152:). Besides 2067:or through 1891:end of time 1844:jannāt ʿadn 1688:palimpsests 1632:Fred Donner 1488:Quran − in 1353:. Only one 939:verbal noun 782:Esotericism 660:Eschatology 524:Manuscripts 518:Historicity 432:Islamic law 331:prophethood 107:Information 87:written in 21313:Categories 21291:Geniocracy 21287:(Satanist) 21243:(Tenrikyo) 21092:(Hinduism) 21090:Upanishads 21060:(Hinduism) 21032:(Judaism) 21020:(Buddhist) 20988:(Hinduism) 20762:Ex-Muslims 20657:Shu'ubiyya 20651:Psychology 20639:Literature 20629:Inventions 20575:Philosophy 20383:Leadership 20359:Honorifics 20014:Philosophy 19869:Isma'ilism 19834:Maturidism 19723:Caliphates 19694:Golden Age 19585:Revelation 19210:(Planets) 19204:(The Moon) 19155:Of Quraysh 19030:Noah's Ark 18923:Holy books 18767:Al-Ghuduww 18761:Al-ʿAshiyy 18725:Invocation 18717:Times for 18568:Battle of 18559:Battles or 18151:(The Holy 18017:(formerly 17964:(Mainland 17774:Hypocrites 17721:People of 17688:Banu Nadir 17668:Implicitly 17510:Son of Nuh 17468:People of 17402:Ahl Madyan 17377:Muʾtafikāt 17297:Al-Raqaim? 17272:Ḥawāriyyūn 17154:Implied or 17099:(possibly 17029:Egyptians 17021:People of 16979:Egyptians 16800:(Jeremiah) 16700:Ibn Maryam 16453:(Ezekiel?) 16292:(Asmodeus) 16186:Muqarrabun 15922:(Generous) 15892:Non-humans 15880:Characters 15056:4 November 14906:Millennium 14314:Clogg 1979 13158:(3): 30–33 11106:Allen 2000 11009:29 October 10942:see also: 10743:13 January 10615:(2): 413. 10329:(2): 168. 9547:Lings 2004 9388:§§212-232. 9292:9004110623 8678:, p. 135). 8617:pp. 481–93 7600:required.) 7566:required.) 6779:References 6720:Quran code 6630:Wadad Kadi 6435:See also: 6301:apocryphic 6193:market by 5855:gemination 5826:See also: 5769:Al-Hussary 5737:consonants 5719:See also: 5691:Recitation 5544:(1647) by 5427:into most 5425:translated 5419:, as both 5341:See also: 5281:(d. 1135) 5279:Al-Maybudi 5271:Al-Shirazi 5267:Al-Daylami 5119:gnosiology 5117:, because 5013:Shia Islam 4975:companions 4939:including 4901:abrogating 4808:Uzbekistan 4649:philosophy 4571:said that 4448:See also: 4444:In worship 4415:literalist 4048:Philosophy 3785:(exegesis) 3722:Pilgrimage 3712:Almsgiving 3582:Shu'ubiyya 3552:Al Jurjani 3524:Al-Rummani 3503:prophecies 3475:Mu'allaqat 3341:A text is 3212:Quran code 3165:muqatta'at 3130:Muqattaʿat 3055:and 1,685 3045:bismillahs 3041:Hafs Quran 2941:embryology 2917:relativity 2906:Zakir Naik 2844:Taner Edis 2696:Said Nursi 2547:Quran 4:24 2536:. Whether 2307:apocalypse 2173:As-Saaffat 2163:In Islam, 2061:revelation 1977:monotheism 1913:, such as 1732: 570 1630:professor 1563:Ibn Mas'ud 1536:Shia Imams 1419: 655 1301: 923 1273:soothsayer 1206:companions 1037:('book'), 1002:liturgical 870:Shi’a view 787:Abrogation 600:Muqatta'at 370:companions 258:revelation 209:Wikisource 207:at Arabic 135:610–632 CE 21297:Catechism 21293:(Raelian) 21276:Dianetics 21241:Ofudesaki 21080:(Judaism) 21018:Tripiṭaka 20994:(Jainism) 20972:Antiquity 20879:Symbolism 20837:Incidents 20815:Criticism 20712:Mormonism 20614:Astrology 20540:Cosmology 20535:Astronomy 20477:Arabesque 20344:Etiquette 20303:Blasphemy 20093:Economics 19908:Ahmadiyya 19842:Mu'tazili 19830:Ash'arism 19404:Date palm 19394:Palm tree 19382:Lote-tree 19358:or plants 19302:Qith-thāʾ 19230:(The Sun) 19228:Ash-Shams 19189:Celestial 19082:False god 19018:or beings 19016:of people 18998:of David) 18940:of Jesus) 18773:Al-Bukrah 18536:in Sheba) 18314:of Mecca) 18271:Monastery 18249:locations 18247:Religious 18204:Al-Jūdiyy 17897:Mentioned 17891:Locations 17804:Christian 17784:Believers 17769:Munāfiqūn 17732:Religious 17670:mentioned 17583:Stoneland 17459:Muhajirun 17237:Mentioned 17139:Abū Lahab 17134:As-Sāmirī 17124:(Goliath) 17090:Evil ones 17004:Zulaykhah 16960:People of 16847:Good ones 16647:Ulul-ʿAzm 16635:Zechariah 16631:Zakariyyā 16451:Dhūl-Kifl 16404:Mentioned 16250:(Michael) 16139:Zabāniyah 16116:Malāʾikah 16088:Honey bee 15820:Quran.com 15791:Quran Pdf 15725:1465-3591 15589:(2007) . 15408:Al-Tabari 15315:(2009) . 15092:162433825 15011:162374182 14873:(1993) . 14802:159835641 14742:. Brill. 14698:. Brill. 14135:Krek 1979 14046:"Matba'a" 13472:26 August 13323:An-Nawawi 13290:22 August 12817:143088125 12809:1556-5068 12249:0591-2385 11674:cite book 11339:15 August 10986:Cook 2000 10928:10 August 10913:prescient 10828:(1): 92. 10808:Cook 2000 10796:Cook 2000 10631:0591-2385 10351:152126508 10343:2051-557X 10262:Dost 2023 10129:14 August 9889:25 August 9721:7 January 9681:17 August 9372:. BRILL. 9350:Cook 2013 9312:. Brill. 9264:3 October 9088:164120434 9068:Der Islam 8773:1567-2808 8644:Cook 2000 8597:, pp. 5–6 8566:Cook 2000 8491:Cook 2000 8460:2232-0474 8444:(2): 62. 8362:15 August 8337:15 August 8307:15 August 8280:15 August 8221:15 August 8198:1465-3591 7794:Nasr 2007 7752:31 August 7518:"Koran". 7404:Citations 7176:al-Qur'an 7128: or 7102:al-Qurʾān 7081:ٱلْقُرْآن 6586:Zechariah 6498:Apocrypha 6486:Christian 6431:The Bible 6285:Criticism 6235:In 1786, 6048:Nastaʻlīq 5446:al-Fatiha 5417:Heraclius 5413:Byzantine 5409:Abyssinia 5364:) during 5257:al-Sulami 5164:allusions 4991:apocrypha 4896:allusions 4804:Samarkand 4653:mysticism 4565:Al-Ikhlāṣ 4475:al-Fatiha 4456:Al-Fatiha 4387:Quranists 4338:al-Ma'mun 4312:disaster. 4168:terrorism 4120:Criticism 4073:Sexuality 4043:Mysticism 4013:Festivals 3993:Education 3988:Economics 3924:Academics 3880:Caliphate 3693:Practices 3528:eloquence 3520:Mu'tazila 3361:), news ( 3108:Bismillah 3094:Bismillah 3088:migration 3072:the Bible 3066:Belqeys, 2978:Aristotle 2943:, modern 2862:in 1969. 2860:Apollo 10 2731:At-Takwir 2512:and tax ( 2487:Quranists 2356:afterlife 2348:Al Baqara 2193:mandatory 2130:archetype 2122:smasher, 1919:the Flood 1712:In 2015, 1492:, Iran − 1453:and into 1397:Musaylima 1294:al-Tabari 1178:received 1101:al-furqān 1007:al-qur'ān 994:qur'ānahu 949:) of the 931:The word 855:Criticism 835:Inerrancy 748:Ahmadiyya 558:Divisions 187:Full text 66:al-Qurʾān 60:romanized 53:ٱلْقُرْآن 21271:(Wiccan) 21251:(Baha'i) 21143:(Shinto) 21113:Medieval 21084:Theogony 21014:(Taoist) 21011:Zhuangzi 20917:Category 20810:Islamism 20793:Muhammad 20749:Apostasy 20724:Hinduism 20624:Feminism 20555:Medicine 20395:Military 20349:Gambling 20298:Apostasy 20293:Criminal 20205:Marriage 20174:Tayammum 20126:Murabaha 19999:Madrasas 19989:Holidays 19979:Clothing 19974:Children 19969:Calendar 19920:Quranism 19874:Alawites 19838:Atharism 19729:Rashidun 19568:In Islam 19563:Muhammad 19392:(Tender 19372:Tamarisk 19306:Cucumber 19224:(Stars) 19202:Al-Qamar 19167:Al-ʿUzzā 19014:Objects 18828:Qabl al- 18779:Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ 18642:Doomsday 18570:al-Aḥzāb 18260:(Church) 17993:Al-Aḥqāf 17931:Jahannam 17924:Paradise 17531:Bedouins 17326:Qawm Lūṭ 17168:Abu Bakr 16998:Wife of 16987:Potiphar 16970:Binyāmin 16690:Al-Masīḥ 16662:Muḥammad 16599:Dhūn-Nūn 16543:Sulaymān 16481:(Elijah) 16393:Prophets 16309:Shayāṭīn 16267:(Genies) 16095:Qaswarah 16076:Wild ass 16054:(Female 16052:ʿAnkabūt 15975:elephant 15758:Archived 15666:Leaman O 15625:(1977). 15567:(2003). 15520:(2003). 15453:(1991). 15172:(eds.). 15126:(1988). 15047:"Qurʾān" 15045:(2007). 15021:(2003). 14947:(2012). 14840:(2000). 14820:(eds.). 14736:(2016). 14625:(2010). 14470:6 August 14438:BBC News 14283:(2005). 13826:(2003). 13327:Al-Majmu 13281:Archived 12756:2 August 12691:Archived 12665:Archived 12605:26 April 12503:(2001). 12468:(2015), 12442:Archived 12280:15 April 12254:15 April 12201:Atlantic 12120:Patton, 11938:15 March 11843:Archived 11813:Archived 11763:Archived 11635:Miracles 11301:Rippin A 11297:Language 11187:(1991). 10971:9 August 10946:. 2002. 10869:8 August 10842:25728019 10776:11 April 10636:15 April 10512:Archived 10396:Rippin A 10287:Burton, 9715:Archived 9107:Atlantic 8478:Koran.nl 7941:(1997). 7188:Qur'anic 7164:al-Coran 6644:See also 6626:Sibawayh 6459:and the 6446:— 6375:and the 6305:talmudic 6148:Printing 6139:Muhaqqaq 6121:Maghribi 6056:tashkeel 6038:Maghribī 6031:script. 6016:muhaqqaq 5959:tashkeel 5949:region. 5908:Damascus 5814:mujawwad 5808:Mujawwad 5800:Murattal 5745:phonemes 5733:elisions 5705:Damascus 5631:Ilkhanid 5595:Gurmukhi 5486:Khorasan 5482:Mansur I 5467:Pakistan 5437:European 5415:Emperor 5393:semantic 5356:lecterns 5294:Mathnawi 5208:Sura 108 5183:Qushayri 5102:Muhammad 4921:Abu Bakr 4764:Typical 4707:muraqqas 4592:‎ 4569:Muhammad 4519:‎ 4493:mujawwad 4438:exegesis 4423:esoteric 4419:salafist 4367:Muhammad 4289:ablution 4204:Glossary 4190:Jihadism 4163:Violence 4158:Islamism 4129:Muhammad 4115:Apostasy 4058:Politics 4008:Feminism 4003:Exorcism 3964:Diaspora 3949:Children 3944:Calendar 3872:Rashidun 3850:Muhammad 3845:Timeline 3806:Mathnawi 3668:Prophets 3612:a series 3610:Part of 3544:mubālaġa 3536:istiʿāra 3443:Muhammad 3423:Muhammad 3316:thematic 3312:phonetic 3269:(plural 3245:(plural 3227:(plural 3200:exegesis 3051:, 3,382 2983:Ayr-veda 2980:and the 2937:genetics 2758:jahannam 2743:Al-Qalam 2382:jihadist 2378:Islamist 2297:, as in 2219:the Nile 2185:metaphor 2104:Muhammad 2080:nubuwwah 2049:Prophets 1965:universe 1915:Creation 1901:, about 1848:jahannam 1828:Hellenic 1816:Rabbinic 1775:allusive 1766:prophets 1760:and the 1746:Contents 1726:Muhammad 1704:scholar 1686:contain 1593:apostasy 1556:Umayyads 1401:Abu Bakr 1347:dialects 1277:magician 1242:Muhammad 1218:literate 1176:Muhammad 1137:al-kitāb 1023:synonyms 883:Category 865:Quranism 764:Exegesis 648:Parables 643:Miracles 621:Prophets 472:exegesis 411:Biblical 374:Abu Bakr 312:Muhammad 256:to be a 140:Chapters 122:Language 112:Religion 93:Muhammad 21155:(Islam) 21137:(Islam) 21121:Puranas 21096:Enneads 20864:Nursing 20825:Qutbism 20739:Sikhism 20734:Judaism 20729:Jainism 20565:Physics 20512:Pottery 20497:Gardens 20492:Carpets 20407:Slavery 20329:Divorce 20316:Dhabiĥa 20144:Hygiene 20119:Takaful 20101:Banking 20031:Science 20025:Qurbani 19994:Mosques 19954:Animals 19943:Culture 19891:Zaydism 19879:Alevism 19765:Ottoman 19755:Almohad 19750:Fatimid 19745:Córdoba 19740:Abbasid 19735:Umayyad 19668:Leaders 19663:History 19621:Shahada 19536:Beliefs 19457:(Drink) 19443:(River) 19428:Liquids 19260:(Shoot) 19248:(Onion) 19208:Kawākib 19196:Maṣābīḥ 19141:Yaghūth 18877:Implied 18837:Al-Aṣīl 18787:Al-Layl 18671:Ramaḍān 18620:Jumuʿah 18484:Shaddad 18376:Arabia 18370:Antakya 18365:Antioch 18358:Implied 18302:Al-Aqsa 18237:Nineveh 18223:Babylon 18068:Ḥaraman 18038:(Hegra) 18035:Al-Ḥijr 18025:ʿArafāt 18019:Yathrib 18014:Madīnah 17844:Sabians 17780:Muslims 17749:Kāfirūn 17717:Khazraj 17568:Quraysh 17339:Tribes, 17261:Sabbath 17205:Shaddad 17178:Barṣīṣā 17111:Pharaoh 17107:Firʿawn 16804:Ṣamūʾīl 16791:Implied 16722:Abraham 16694:Messiah 16547:Solomon 16533:Shuʿayb 16505:Ishmael 16501:Ismāʿīl 16465:(Eber?) 16459:(Aaron) 16421:Al-Yasa 16358:Ghilmān 16234:Raphael 16230:Isrāfīl 15993:hud-hud 15943:Related 15936:Animals 14686:Sources 14663:(ed.). 14489:(ed.). 14345:(ed.). 14265:3 April 14240:3 April 13850:19 July 13674:iqna.ir 13562:IlmGate 13217:(ed.), 12697:21 July 12306:10 July 12206:8 April 12110:: p.105 12043:(ed.). 11558:(1974) 11271:(ed.), 11151:(ed.). 10703:23 July 10487:atheism 10479:Sufyani 10235:12 July 9472:(ed.). 9207:27 July 9164:28 July 9138:22 July 9041:Arabica 8997:(ed.). 8960:1596266 8417:(ed.). 7612:"Koran" 7579:"Quran" 7545:"Koran" 7184:Quranic 7180:Koranic 7148:Alcoran 7117: 7096:‎ 7083:‎ 6752:Qira'at 6562:Solomon 6534:Ishmael 6526:Abraham 6502:Midrash 6461:Gospels 6443:wrong˺. 6297:heretic 6271:Leipzig 6207:Hamburg 6191:Ottoman 6166:Arabic 6089:at the 6060:Sahabah 6028:thuluth 6022:rayḥānī 5975:Writing 5964:Sahabah 5884:Baghdad 5860:shaddah 5828:Qira'at 5785:Jakarta 5478:Samanid 5474:Persian 5451:Persian 5429:African 5366:Ramadan 5309:Ghazali 5189:verse; 5169:isharat 5090:Zahiris 5086:Salafis 4912:mansūkh 4703:pottery 4674:hasanat 4614:112:1-4 4545:—Quran 4435:secular 4401:called 4399:context 4305:basmala 4085:Slavery 4068:Science 4023:Madrasa 4018:Finance 3929:Animals 3917:society 3913:Culture 3885:Imamate 3865:Sahabah 3838:History 3808:(Poems) 3793:(creed) 3717:Fasting 3645:Oneness 3638:Beliefs 3548:talāʾum 3540:taǧānus 3532:tashbīh 3499:miracle 3491:hurufic 3487:spirits 3471:belagha 3437:falnama 3419:miracle 3411:belagha 3324:Sura 81 3305:Senegal 3272:manāzil 3177:Yāʾ-Sīn 3171:Ṭāʾ-Hāʾ 3153:fawātih 3118:Solomon 3103:‎ 3084:Medinan 2991:biology 2945:geology 2933:pulsars 2825:tafseer 2754:kawthar 2750:firdaws 2745:42-43) 2727:al-Jinn 2723:Al-Mulk 2700:hadiths 2665:;30-31) 2663:Al-Kahf 2655:Genesis 2645:Map by 2551:ethical 2491:Shiites 2481:accept 2479:Hanafis 2454:in the 2452:fasting 2424:Ramadan 2289:posits 2283:As-Saff 2275:a surah 2259:miracle 2249:prophet 2138:prophet 2108:Ishmael 2100:Abraham 2063:called 1931:his son 1612:basmala 1565:'s and 1544:Twelver 1532:hadiths 1523:qira'at 1509:qira'at 1500:Qira'at 1490:Mashhad 1387:Qira'at 1367:Qira'at 1275:, or a 1210:Quraysh 1186:on the 1152:History 1144:mus'haf 975:qeryānā 965:‎ 848:Related 743:English 716:Qira'at 704:Tarteel 679:Reading 655:Science 638:Legends 631:Animals 614:Content 580:Medinan 491:History 466:tarawih 452:prosody 440:prayers 436:hadiths 358:Muslims 341:of the 327:miracle 319:Gabriel 309:prophet 254:Muslims 172:basmala 165:basmala 62:: 55:‎ 21227:Modern 21180:(Sikh) 21153:Hadith 21141:Kojiki 21078:Talmud 21030:Tanakh 20998:Avesta 20992:Agamas 20686: 20644:poetry 20454: 20339:Ethics 20323:Dhimmi 20282:Baligh 20243:Mahram 20200:Family 20180:Toilet 20160:Miswak 19913:Lahori 19854:Salafi 19800:Seerah 19795:Tafsir 19790:Hadith 19760:Sokoto 19705:Sahaba 19580:Angels 19557:Tawhid 19514:topics 19455:Sharāb 19415:Zaqqūm 19332:Zaytūn 19312:Rummān 19298:(Herb) 19290:Lentil 19279:Fruits 19272:(Seed) 19214:Al-Arḍ 19191:bodies 19162:Al-Lāt 19077:Ṭāghūt 19068:'Ansāb 18996:Psalms 18963:Tawrāt 18946:Qurʾān 18938:Gospel 18830:Ghurūb 18795:ʿIshāʾ 18754:Tasbīḥ 18748:Takbīr 18742:Taḥmīd 18534:Ma'rib 18454:Canaan 18441:'Ariha 18439:& 18280:Mosque 18276:Masjid 18265:Miḥrāb 18076:Kaʿbah 18070:Āminan 18062:Bakkah 18052:Makkah 18047:Ḥunayn 17979:In the 17951:Midian 17947:Madyan 17919:Jannah 17800:Naṣārā 17734:groups 17677:Amalek 17573:Thamūd 17361:Ar-Rūm 17321:Medina 17227:Groups 17197:Nimrod 17163:Abraha 17077:Sister 17072:Mother 17012:Mother 16974:Simeon 16962:Joseph 16943:Vizier 16933:Mother 16808:Samuel 16798:Irmiyā 16777:Gideon 16759:Maryam 16754:Luqmān 16671:Other 16625:Joseph 16574:Yaʿqūb 16485:ʿImrān 16425:Elisha 16363:Wildān 16350:Others 16314:Demons 16282:ʿIfrīt 16248:Mīkāil 16217:('The 16202:Ar-Rūḥ 16195:Jibrīl 16121:Angels 16056:spider 16016:namlah 15998:hoopoe 15952:baqara 15904:('The 15723: 15697: 15676: 15654: 15599: 15575: 15552: 15528: 15499: 15480: 15461: 15418: 15383: 15364: 15342: 15323: 15301: 15282: 15263: 15228: 15211:596868 15209: 15138: 15112: 15090: 15031: 15009: 14978: 14957: 14933: 14889: 14852: 14800: 14769: 14746: 14721: 14702: 14671: 14635: 14605: 14584:Quran 14547: 14497: 14445:21 May 14419:Quran 14403: 14378: 14353: 14293: 14102:1 July 14093: 14056: 14021: 13994: 13964: 13836: 13806: 13750: 13699: 13648: 13621:18 May 13525: 13407: 13227: 13117:tafsir 13095: 12963:tafsir 12944: 12919: 12850: 12815: 12807: 12657: 12619:Quran 12378: 12351: 12328: 12247: 12178: 12146: 12126:: p.54 12124:, 1897 12108:, 1995 12079:: p.74 12077:, 1954 12057:Quran 12026:17:105 12020:Quran 12010: 11994:See:* 11965:23 May 11900:Quran 11737: 11701: 11659: 11573:, and 11514: 11470: 11449:Quran 11437:466329 11435: 11311: 11299:". In 11279: 11222:8 June 11195: 11167: 11119:مقطعات 11077: 11045: 10840: 10659: 10629: 10588:13 May 10518:29 May 10483:Dajjal 10447: 10408: 10349: 10341: 10291:, 1990 10183:1 June 10154: 10087:30 May 10046:Quran 10030: 10002: 9937: 9916:: 582. 9859: 9830: 9751: 9643: 9558:Quran 9498:Quran 9482: 9454:Quran 9433: 9408: 9386:Khabar 9376: 9316: 9289: 9233: 9086: 8980: 8958: 8902:: p.30 8824: 8771: 8516:qurrā' 8458: 8390: 8251: 8196: 8163:Quran 8147: 8110:53:6-9 8108:Quran 8096:Quran 8058: 8033: 8005: 7961:17:106 7959:Quran 7918: 7879: 7857:Quran 7844:Quran 7816:Quran 7804:Quran 7720: 7690: 7657: 7212:tahkum 7156:Qur'an 7067:kuurr- 6757:Hadith 6570:Elisha 6566:Elijah 6554:Jethro 6546:Joseph 6522:Shelah 6490:Tanakh 6482:Jewish 6416:Oannes 6408:37:139 6249:Tehran 6187:Venice 6123:script 6043:Bihari 5997:Hijazi 5992:Ḥijāzī 5896:Medina 5838:, and 5753:tajwid 5741:vowels 5728:tajwid 5721:Tajwid 5683:Yā Sīn 5657:, 1647 5499:tafsir 5480:king, 5476:. The 5465:, now 5435:, and 5219:ta'wil 5175:tafsir 5149:ta'wil 5137:tafsir 5098:hadith 4970:hadith 4929:Uthman 4906:nāsikh 4887:tafsir 4878:, and 4872:Tafsir 4668:thawab 4573:Ikhlāṣ 4431:modern 4427:sufist 4391:tafsir 4335:caliph 4297:Rahman 4139:Hadith 4053:Poetry 4033:Mosque 3998:Ethics 3823:Sharia 3791:Aqidah 3783:Tafsir 3767:Hadith 3761:Sunnah 3705:Prayer 3656:Angels 3569:’i‘jāz 3515:’i‘jāz 3479:shā'ir 3463:poetic 3415:Qur’ān 3403:Arabic 3398:’i‘jāz 3370:furqan 3352:tanzil 3266:manzil 3195:Tafsir 3186:, and 3135:Arabic 3080:Meccan 3053:lemmas 2892:, the 2868:rilles 2792:Q3:190 2788:Q29:20 2762:maalik 2598:sharia 2441:sharia 2397:munkar 2393:ma'ruf 2389:Shiite 2336:Luqman 2328:hikmah 2315:Dajjal 2279:Maryam 2134:Muslim 2085:Arabic 2069:angels 1947:Tawhid 1927:Nimrod 1779:tafsir 1770:prayer 1702:German 1676:Sana'a 1597:sharia 1548:Sunnis 1459:Levant 1457:, The 1455:Perisa 1433:Uthman 1385:, and 1351:tribes 1261:A'isha 1193:hadith 1131:tanzīl 1119:hikmah 1091:ḥikmah 1075:tanzīl 1028:qur'ān 1016:Gospel 987:qara'a 970:Syriac 956:qara'a 951:Arabic 945:maṣdar 934:qur'ān 699:Tajwid 575:Meccan 458:tajwid 385:Uthman 351:Gospel 349:, and 347:Psalms 276:, pl. 238:Qur'an 159:Verses 132:Period 48:Arabic 21319:Quran 21135:Quran 21024:Bible 20986:Vedas 20798:Quran 20688:Other 20583:Early 20507:Music 20423:Kalam 20377:Jizya 20365:Hudud 20250:Nikah 20167:Najis 20153:Ghusl 20112:Sukuk 20041:Women 20009:Music 19984:Flags 19898:Ibadi 19825:Sunni 19785:Quran 19642:Zakat 19628:Salah 19591:Qadar 19549:Allah 19512:Islam 19471:Note: 19400:Nakhl 19390:Līnah 19336:Olive 19286:ʿAdas 19258:Shaṭʾ 19246:Baṣal 19222:Nujūm 19172:Manāt 19146:Yaʿūq 19131:Suwāʿ 19099:Baʿal 18994:(The 18991:Zabūr 18968:Torah 18966:(The 18936:(The 18933:Injīl 18916:Other 18821:Masāʾ 18736:Dhikr 18730:Ṣalāh 18720:Duʿāʾ 18700:Umrah 18476:River 18420:Ta'if 18382:Ḥijāz 18310:(The 18257:Bayʿa 18233:Jonah 18219:Bābil 18107:Sheba 18102:Sabaʾ 18080:Kaaba 18056:Mecca 17966:Egypt 17822:Yahūd 17760:Majūs 17555:Tubba 17526:Arabs 17521:Aʿrāb 17470:Mecca 17453:Anṣār 17421:Yūnus 17419:Qawm 17128:Qārūn 17122:Jālūt 17117:Hāmān 17101:Terah 17000:ʿAzīz 16993:Malik 16983:ʿAzīz 16912:Peter 16769:Ṭālūt 16712:Moses 16692:(The 16684:Jesus 16667:Aḥmad 16621:Yūsuf 16607:Whale 16593:Jonah 16589:Yūnus 16578:Jacob 16564:Yaḥyā 16554:Uzair 16537:Hobab 16528:Ṣāliḥ 16495:Isaac 16491:Isḥāq 16479:Ilyās 16473:Enoch 16469:Idrīs 16457:Hārūn 16445:David 16441:Dāwūd 16431:Ayyūb 16339:Mārid 16332:Devil 16323:Iblīs 16297:Qarīn 16289:Sakhr 16163:Raqib 16133:Mālik 16072:Ḥimār 16034:nāqat 15981:Ḥimār 15961:dhiʾb 15920:Karīm 15916:Allah 15912:Names 15902:Allāh 15867:Quran 15207:JSTOR 15088:S2CID 15007:S2CID 14798:S2CID 14586:2:285 14215:6 May 13929:[ 13492:(PDF) 13329:' 13284:(PDF) 13277:(PDF) 13260:(PDF) 13187:Slate 12813:S2CID 12621:2:151 12451:2 May 12445:(PDF) 12438:(PDF) 12227:Zygon 12075:Islam 12059:85:22 11902:17:88 11816:(PDF) 11809:(PDF) 11508:12–13 11451:21:50 11433:JSTOR 11251:(PDF) 11244:(PDF) 11147:. In 11071:BRILL 10838:JSTOR 10609:Zygon 10578:(PDF) 10491:Jesus 10347:S2CID 10048:9:103 9883:(PDF) 9876:(PDF) 9775:4:171 9628:Kaaba 9560:2:135 9500:41:43 9134:. BBC 9084:S2CID 8956:JSTOR 8165:7:157 7859:25:32 7834:9:111 7818:7:204 7806:75:17 7633:Islam 7594: 7560: 7454:quran 7442:koran 7430:quran 7418:koran 7264:codex 7206:hikma 7172:Kuran 7168:Coran 7160:Quran 7152:Koran 7025:] 7021:[ 7017:] 7013:[ 7009:] 7005:[ 7001:] 6997:[ 6993:] 6989:[ 6884:quran 6784:Notes 6602:Moses 6594:Jesus 6582:Moses 6578:Aaron 6574:Jonah 6558:David 6542:Jacob 6538:Isaac 6510:Enoch 6494:Bible 6457:Torah 6449:3:3-4 6424:Jason 6391:Jonah 6344:Druze 6245:Kazan 6215:Padua 6105:Kufic 6033:Naskh 6010:naskh 6003:Kufic 5947:himsi 5926:Warsh 5917:ahruf 5904:Basra 5892:Mecca 5832:Ahruf 5709:Syria 5599:Lande 5530:Latin 5463:India 5459:Sindh 5455:Alwar 5449:into 5433:Asian 5405:Negus 5361:rehal 5187:7:143 5159:batin 5143:batin 5131:zahir 4768:, of 4750:India 4746:Delhi 4671:, or 4642:ghusl 4633:56:79 4547:1:1-7 4464:salah 4460:rakat 4454:Sura 4450:Salah 4429:, to 4379:imams 4375:ulema 4356:hafiz 4328:faced 4301:Rahim 4293:Satan 4185:Jihad 4134:Quran 4095:Women 4038:Music 3976:Sunni 3825:(law) 3773:Sirah 3754:Quran 3738:Texts 3620:Islam 3576:) in 3393:Islam 3383:I'jaz 3364:naba' 3358:dhikr 3301:Touba 3248:aḥzāb 3230:ajzāʼ 3159:فواتح 3113:27:30 3057:roots 3049:stems 3030:sūrah 2953:laser 2834:ulema 2810:2:111 2803:17:36 2688:Jesus 2672:suras 2604:with 2584:naskh 2534:umrah 2526:salāt 2514:zakat 2510:qisas 2499:Hijab 2465:zakat 2447:salat 2368:Aesop 2352:Qārūn 2332:Khidr 2311:Mahdi 2305:near 2270:21:89 2264:66:12 2211:Asiya 2179:with 2158:Yaqub 2154:Ishaq 2146:Mecca 2142:Kaaba 2128:, an 2125:hanif 2116:Moses 2093:Ismah 2074:42:51 2043:names 2012:50:38 2006:2:253 2000:13:16 1994:2:255 1925:with 1899:David 1871:Moses 1680:Yemen 1518:‘Asim 1478:ahruf 1468:ahruf 1424:suhuf 1383:Ahruf 1362:ahruf 1342:ahruf 1226:Sunni 1222:suras 1125:dhikr 1083:dhikr 1049:sūrah 1034:kitāb 1012:Torah 981:ܩܪܝܢܐ 953:verb 830:I'jaz 711:Ahruf 687:Qāriʾ 626:Women 565:Surah 481:Quran 446:hafiz 420:2:185 343:Torah 316:angel 278:suwer 274:surah 267:Allāh 250:Islam 242:Koran 234:Quran 221:Quran 202:Quran 152:Surah 143:114 ( 116:Islam 83:, an 42:Quran 18:Koran 21127:Puya 21008:and 20963:List 20469:Arts 20400:POWs 20334:Diet 20264:Zina 20236:Mahr 20222:Haya 20186:Wudu 20133:Riba 20046:LGBT 19938:Life 19859:Shia 19849:Sufi 19840:and 19649:Hajj 19635:Sawm 19447:Yamm 19441:Nahr 19378:Sidr 19368:Athl 19296:Baql 19270:Zarʿ 19136:Wadd 19126:Nasr 19105:ʿijl 19103:The 19074:and 19072:Jibt 18864:Fajr 18845:ʿAṣr 18806:Ẓuhr 18751:and 18733:and 18727:'), 18698:Al-ʿ 18691:Ḥajj 18629:Sabt 18611:Days 18539:The 18474:Nile 18429:Ayla 18125:Rass 18042:Badr 18027:and 17962:Miṣr 17936:Hell 17826:Jews 17723:Quba 17715:and 17355:Ajam 17295:and 17097:Āzar 17042:the 16950:Zayd 16862:Wife 16773:Saul 16763:Mary 16732:Noah 16680:ʿĪsā 16605:(or 16603:Fish 16558:Ezra 16415:Adam 16411:Ādam 16275:Jann 16264:Jinn 16168:Atid 16100:Lion 16083:Naḥl 16031:The 16022:The 16013:The 16005:kalb 16003:The 15990:The 15967:The 15958:The 15949:The 15721:ISSN 15695:ISBN 15674:ISBN 15652:ISBN 15597:ISBN 15573:ISBN 15550:ISBN 15526:ISBN 15497:ISBN 15478:ISBN 15459:ISBN 15416:ISBN 15381:ISBN 15362:ISBN 15340:ISBN 15321:ISBN 15299:ISBN 15280:ISBN 15261:ISBN 15226:ISBN 15136:ISBN 15110:ISBN 15058:2007 15029:ISBN 14976:ISBN 14955:ISBN 14931:ISBN 14887:ISBN 14863:2019 14850:ISBN 14767:ISBN 14744:ISBN 14719:ISBN 14700:ISBN 14669:ISBN 14633:ISBN 14603:ISBN 14545:ISBN 14495:ISBN 14472:2021 14447:2024 14421:25:5 14401:ISBN 14376:ISBN 14351:ISBN 14291:ISBN 14267:2017 14242:2017 14217:2020 14164:2021 14104:2022 14091:ISBN 14054:ISBN 14019:ISBN 13992:ISBN 13962:ISBN 13852:2024 13834:ISBN 13804:ISBN 13748:ISBN 13697:ISBN 13646:ISBN 13623:2020 13569:2020 13523:ISBN 13474:2016 13441:2010 13405:ISBN 13292:2024 13225:ISBN 13195:2008 13164:2014 13093:ISBN 13052:2021 13013:2021 12942:ISBN 12917:ISBN 12895:2021 12861:2023 12848:ISBN 12805:ISSN 12758:2024 12736:help 12699:2013 12673:2014 12655:ISBN 12607:2013 12453:2024 12376:ISBN 12349:ISBN 12326:ISBN 12308:2019 12282:2019 12256:2019 12245:ISSN 12208:2019 12176:ISBN 12157:2019 12144:ISBN 12022:2:97 12008:ISBN 11967:2009 11940:2011 11851:2024 11824:2024 11771:2024 11735:ISBN 11699:ISBN 11680:link 11657:ISBN 11512:ISBN 11468:ISBN 11384:2013 11341:2022 11309:ISBN 11277:ISBN 11224:2021 11193:ISBN 11165:ISBN 11075:ISBN 11061:see 11043:ISBN 11011:2012 10973:2020 10930:2020 10871:2020 10778:2019 10745:2021 10705:2014 10657:ISBN 10638:2019 10627:ISSN 10590:2018 10520:2024 10445:ISBN 10406:ISBN 10372:See 10339:ISSN 10237:2024 10211:2022 10185:2023 10152:ISBN 10131:2023 10089:2021 10028:ISBN 10000:ISBN 9935:ISBN 9891:2014 9857:ISBN 9828:ISBN 9799:3437 9787:3430 9749:ISBN 9723:2016 9683:2006 9641:ISBN 9480:ISBN 9456:67:3 9431:ISBN 9406:ISBN 9374:ISBN 9352:: " 9314:ISBN 9287:ISBN 9266:2019 9231:ISBN 9209:2015 9166:2015 9140:2015 9114:2019 8978:ISBN 8822:ISBN 8769:ISSN 8553:2018 8456:ISSN 8388:ISBN 8364:2024 8339:2024 8309:2024 8282:2024 8249:ISBN 8223:2024 8194:ISSN 8145:ISBN 8098:53:5 8056:ISBN 8031:ISBN 8003:ISBN 7916:ISBN 7877:ISBN 7846:20:2 7832:and 7754:2013 7718:ISBN 7688:ISBN 7655:ISBN 7505:2021 7186:and 7174:and 7114:lit. 6606:Mary 6592:and 6518:Eber 6514:Noah 6506:Adam 6484:and 6470:(in 6342:and 6326:The 6311:and 6303:and 6064:juzʼ 5922:Ḥafṣ 5906:and 5900:Kufa 5867:and 5739:and 5582:thou 5580:and 5572:and 5411:and 5398:sect 5374:Iran 5352:Shia 5289:Rumi 5154:Sufi 5088:and 5070:and 5050:and 4989:and 4981:and 4959:and 4931:and 4925:Umar 4693:and 4655:and 4638:wudu 4433:and 4395:fiqh 4383:shia 4346:15:9 4299:and 4078:LGBT 3981:Shia 3915:and 3815:Fiqh 3526:the 3483:jinn 3385:and 3314:and 3284:ruku 3278:āyāt 3254:hizb 3242:ḥizb 3236:juz' 3224:juz' 3127:The 3036:āyāt 3023:Āyah 3021:and 2955:and 2931:and 2894:ijaz 2877:ijaz 2818:and 2632:soul 2568:and 2549:and 2522:hajj 2503:fard 2489:and 2474:fard 2470:fiqh 2450:and 2413:husn 2395:and 2344:jinn 2232:Mūsā 2215:Musa 2156:and 2120:idol 2106:via 2089:نبوة 2065:wahy 1988:2:29 1982:2:20 1955:and 1945:and 1897:and 1879:Mary 1826:and 1787:fiqh 1621:Rasm 1610:The 1581:and 1514:Hafs 1461:and 1356:harf 1326:A.H. 1314:ummi 1289:ummi 1230:Shia 1228:and 1160:and 1113:huda 1067:waḥy 1041:āyah 1014:and 997:)." 772:List 738:List 692:Hifz 594:Juz' 589:Āyah 570:List 499:Waḥy 413:and 335:Adam 287:āyah 232:The 179:Āyah 177:See 150:See 145:list 20210:Sex 20073:Law 19959:Art 19435:Māʾ 19326:Fig 19322:Tīn 19264:Sūq 19252:Fūm 18989:Az- 18961:At- 18944:Al- 18931:Al- 18862:Al- 18843:Al- 18819:Al- 18804:Aẓ- 18793:Al- 18757:): 18689:Al- 18627:As- 18618:Al- 18380:Al- 18286:') 18194:In 18183:or 18147:Wād 18145:Al- 18012:Al- 17917:Al- 17713:Aus 17540:ʿĀd 17529:or 17319:or 16775:or 16728:Nūḥ 16522:Lot 16518:Lūṭ 16463:Hūd 16435:Job 16423:ʿ ( 16369:Ḥūr 16361:or 16232:or 16025:nūn 15970:fīl 15914:of 15908:') 15906:God 15808:at 15199:doi 15178:doi 15080:doi 14999:doi 14914:doi 14826:doi 14790:doi 14183:doi 14083:doi 13902:doi 13875:doi 13781:doi 13129:doi 12975:doi 12840:doi 12797:doi 12235:doi 11602:doi 11538:; 11425:doi 11157:doi 11126:قطع 10830:doi 10617:doi 10331:doi 9076:doi 9049:doi 9022:doi 8948:doi 8922:doi 8446:doi 8186:doi 8137:doi 7861:cf. 7848:cf. 7530:753 7477:210 7392:In 7158:or 7069:AHN 7019:to 7011:to 6995:to 6979:as 6550:Job 6530:Lot 6213:in 6205:in 5863:), 5783:of 5633:Era 5601:of 5587:you 5532:). 5407:of 5370:Qom 5368:in 5311:). 5245:3:7 5054:by 5011:in 5005:Qom 5003:of 4933:Ali 4903:" ( 4662:ajr 4640:or 4462:of 4381:in 4173:war 3934:Art 3649:God 3647:of 3485:or 3391:In 3189:Qāf 3183:Ṣād 3082:or 2706:or 2702:as 2566:Lot 2366:or 2317:). 2293:in 2241:God 2239:of 2217:in 2195:or 2144:in 1781:in 1758:God 1512:of 1395:by 1060:al- 963:قرأ 665:God 262:God 248:of 240:or 223:at 21315:: 19836:, 19832:, 18970:) 18723:(' 18165:) 18155:) 18109:) 18058:) 17828:) 17796:) 17585:') 17557:) 17449:) 16779:?) 16686:) 16595:) 16580:) 16560:?) 16539:?) 16507:) 16475:?) 16221:') 16098:(' 15432:. 15205:. 15195:88 15193:. 15176:. 15168:; 15164:; 15160:; 15156:; 15086:. 15076:23 15074:. 15049:. 15005:. 14995:38 14993:. 14910:20 14908:. 14904:. 14885:. 14824:. 14796:. 14786:10 14784:. 14641:. 14463:. 14435:. 14258:. 14233:. 14203:. 14150:. 14120:. 14089:. 14048:. 14033:^ 13939:^ 13914:^ 13896:. 13869:. 13777:10 13775:. 13672:. 13609:. 13586:. 13560:. 13504:^ 13494:. 13458:. 13427:. 13403:. 13401:42 13376:. 13345:. 13325:, 13203:^ 13184:. 13154:. 13150:. 13125:12 13123:. 13107:^ 13068:. 13038:. 13034:. 13021:^ 12999:. 12995:. 12969:. 12903:^ 12881:. 12877:. 12846:. 12834:. 12811:. 12803:. 12795:. 12791:. 12766:^ 12663:. 12598:. 12575:. 12539:. 12528:^ 12485:. 12299:. 12273:. 12243:. 12231:43 12229:. 12225:. 12199:. 12065:^ 12024:, 11957:. 11926:. 11888:20 11886:. 11811:. 11779:^ 11761:. 11743:. 11717:^ 11707:. 11676:}} 11672:{{ 11665:. 11637:, 11596:. 11584:^ 11562:, 11546:; 11510:. 11502:. 11431:. 11419:. 11370:. 11332:. 11215:. 11163:. 11135:^ 11069:. 11037:. 11002:. 10963:. 10921:. 10879:^ 10836:. 10824:. 10786:^ 10769:. 10753:^ 10721:. 10684:^ 10625:. 10613:43 10611:. 10607:. 10510:. 10345:. 10337:. 10325:. 10321:. 10298:^ 10202:. 10122:. 10075:. 10014:^ 9984:^ 9914:61 9912:. 9908:. 9851:, 9731:^ 9635:. 9631:. 9610:. 9592:. 9574:. 9439:. 9382:. 9257:. 9245:^ 9217:^ 9199:. 9157:. 9122:^ 9105:. 9082:. 9072:87 9070:. 9045:57 9043:. 9016:. 8954:. 8934:^ 8918:73 8916:. 8799:^ 8763:. 8759:. 8740:. 8651:^ 8583:: 8573:^ 8544:. 8498:^ 8476:. 8454:. 8440:. 8436:. 8402:^ 8372:^ 8355:. 8330:. 8317:^ 8290:^ 8263:^ 8231:^ 8214:. 8192:. 8180:. 8143:. 8125:; 8078:. 8017:^ 7979:^ 7930:^ 7899:97 7762:^ 7740:. 7696:. 7663:. 7614:. 7582:. 7548:. 7496:. 7485:^ 7182:, 7170:, 7166:, 7112:, 7099:, 7090:: 7086:, 7077:: 7073:; 7064:, 7054:ɑː 6956:ɑː 6918:/- 6914:, 6904:ɑː 6878:-/ 6875:oʊ 6865:, 6861:-/ 6858:ɔː 6848:, 6829:/- 6825:, 6815:ɑː 6612:. 6588:, 6584:, 6580:, 6576:, 6572:, 6568:, 6564:, 6560:, 6556:, 6552:, 6548:, 6544:, 6540:, 6536:, 6532:, 6528:, 6524:, 6520:, 6516:, 6512:, 6508:, 6500:, 6492:, 6399:, 6371:, 6367:, 6363:, 6351:. 6299:, 6259:. 6177:r. 6073:. 6019:, 6013:, 5966:. 5902:, 5898:, 5894:, 5886:, 5879:. 5871:. 5834:, 5830:, 5791:. 5775:, 5771:, 5767:, 5707:, 5703:, 5653:, 5590:. 5578:ye 5522:, 5461:, 5431:, 5372:, 5125:. 5104:: 5058:. 5038:, 5034:, 5030:, 4977:, 4955:, 4951:, 4947:, 4943:, 4927:, 4923:, 4874:, 4806:, 4748:, 4744:, 4677:. 4665:, 4651:, 4409:, 4393:/ 4362:. 4287:, 4279:. 3770:, 3614:on 3599:. 3542:, 3538:, 3534:, 3405:: 3395:, 3303:, 3287:. 3180:, 3174:, 3168:: 3137:: 3124:. 3059:. 3005:, 2947:, 2939:, 2935:, 2927:, 2923:, 2919:, 2904:; 2768:. 2760:, 2756:, 2752:, 2737:;( 2638:. 2608:. 2380:/ 2370:. 2334:, 2267:, 2251:. 2087:: 2077:) 2071:.( 2041:, 2009:, 2003:, 1991:, 1985:, 1921:, 1917:, 1909:, 1873:, 1869:, 1854:, 1850:, 1846:, 1822:, 1818:, 1742:. 1729:c. 1678:, 1438:r. 1417:d. 1406:r. 1381:, 1332:. 1299:d. 1018:. 390:r. 379:r. 353:. 345:, 304:. 97:c. 57:, 50:: 20965:) 20961:( 20951:e 20944:t 20937:v 19504:e 19497:t 19490:v 19406:) 19402:( 19396:) 19384:) 19380:( 19374:) 19370:( 19338:) 19334:( 19328:) 19324:( 19318:) 19314:( 19308:) 19304:( 19292:) 19288:( 19107:( 19084:) 19080:( 18332:) 18328:( 18300:( 18278:( 18239:) 18225:) 18221:( 18119:) 18115:( 18105:( 18082:) 18078:( 18054:( 18021:) 18006:) 18002:( 17968:) 17953:) 17949:( 17938:) 17934:( 17922:( 17824:( 17802:( 17792:( 17776:) 17772:( 17533:) 17524:( 17445:( 17407:) 17353:‘ 17291:( 17278:) 17274:( 17263:) 17109:( 17103:) 17038:( 17006:) 17002:( 16985:( 16976:) 16914:) 16810:) 16806:( 16771:( 16765:) 16761:( 16734:) 16730:( 16720:( 16710:( 16696:) 16682:( 16637:) 16633:( 16591:( 16576:( 16556:( 16552:ʿ 16524:) 16520:( 16503:( 16497:) 16493:( 16471:( 16447:) 16443:( 16437:) 16433:( 16427:) 16417:) 16413:( 16334:) 16316:) 16312:( 16236:) 16123:) 16119:( 16090:) 16086:( 16078:) 16074:( 16068:) 16064:( 16058:) 15996:( 15987:) 15983:( 15973:( 15858:e 15851:t 15844:v 15719:( 15703:. 15682:. 15660:. 15605:. 15581:. 15560:. 15558:. 15534:. 15505:. 15486:. 15467:. 15438:. 15424:. 15389:. 15370:. 15348:. 15329:. 15307:. 15288:. 15269:. 15234:. 15213:. 15201:: 15184:. 15180:: 15144:. 15118:. 15094:. 15082:: 15060:. 15037:. 15013:. 15001:: 14984:. 14963:. 14939:. 14920:. 14916:: 14895:. 14865:. 14832:. 14828:: 14804:. 14792:: 14775:. 14752:. 14727:. 14708:. 14677:. 14611:. 14553:. 14503:. 14474:. 14449:. 14409:. 14384:. 14359:. 14299:. 14269:. 14244:. 14219:. 14189:. 14185:: 14166:. 14124:. 14106:. 14085:: 14062:. 14027:. 14000:. 13970:. 13908:. 13904:: 13898:8 13881:. 13877:: 13871:3 13854:. 13812:. 13787:. 13783:: 13756:. 13718:: 13705:. 13625:. 13571:. 13532:: 13476:. 13443:. 13413:. 13294:. 13197:. 13166:. 13156:5 13135:. 13131:: 13101:. 13054:. 13015:. 12981:. 12977:: 12971:8 12950:. 12925:. 12897:. 12863:. 12842:: 12819:. 12799:: 12760:. 12738:) 12701:. 12675:. 12609:. 12455:. 12384:. 12357:. 12310:. 12284:. 12258:. 12237:: 12210:. 12184:. 12159:. 12016:. 11969:. 11942:. 11853:. 11826:. 11773:. 11682:) 11608:. 11604:: 11598:4 11520:. 11476:. 11439:. 11427:: 11421:3 11386:. 11343:. 11317:. 11226:. 11201:. 11173:. 11159:: 11083:. 11051:. 11013:. 10975:. 10932:. 10873:. 10844:. 10832:: 10826:3 10780:. 10747:. 10725:. 10707:. 10665:. 10640:. 10619:: 10592:. 10536:. 10522:. 10467:. 10453:. 10427:. 10414:. 10384:. 10353:. 10333:: 10327:9 10264:. 10239:. 10213:. 10187:. 10160:. 10133:. 10091:. 10036:. 10008:. 9969:. 9943:. 9893:. 9836:. 9725:. 9685:. 9649:. 9614:. 9596:. 9578:. 9549:. 9488:. 9414:. 9322:. 9295:. 9268:. 9239:. 9211:. 9168:. 9142:. 9116:. 9090:. 9078:: 9055:. 9051:: 9028:. 9024:: 9018:6 8962:. 8950:: 8928:. 8924:: 8830:. 8775:. 8765:4 8742:4 8633:. 8555:. 8462:. 8448:: 8442:7 8396:. 8366:. 8341:. 8311:. 8284:. 8257:. 8225:. 8200:. 8188:: 8182:4 8153:. 8139:: 8064:. 8039:. 8011:. 7924:. 7885:. 7756:. 7726:. 7592:. 7558:. 7532:. 7507:. 7479:. 7270:. 7228:. 7136:' 7130:' 7126:' 7120:' 7060:/ 7057:n 7051:r 7048:ˈ 7045:ʊ 7042:k 7039:/ 7023:ɑ 7015:a 7007:æ 6999:ʊ 6991:o 6966:. 6962:/ 6959:n 6953:r 6950:ˈ 6947:ɒ 6944:k 6941:/ 6933:/ 6930:n 6927:æ 6924:r 6921:ˈ 6910:/ 6907:n 6901:r 6898:ˈ 6895:ʊ 6892:k 6889:/ 6872:k 6869:/ 6855:k 6852:/ 6844:/ 6841:n 6838:æ 6835:r 6832:ˈ 6821:/ 6818:n 6812:r 6809:ˈ 6806:ə 6803:k 6800:/ 6426:. 6174:( 5857:( 5457:( 5358:( 5166:( 4830:. 4810:. 4752:. 4728:. 4618:— 4551:— 4495:. 4425:- 4417:- 4377:( 4251:e 4244:t 4237:v 3776:) 3764:( 3453:. 3401:( 3198:( 3156:( 3133:( 3097:( 2553:- 2426:( 2326:( 2221:. 2083:( 1773:" 1435:( 1414:( 1403:( 1296:( 1057:( 991:( 978:( 959:( 941:( 915:e 908:t 901:v 387:( 376:( 264:( 174:) 168:) 147:) 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index