756:
732:
644:
672:
684:
720:
613:
708:
660:
696:
629:
804:
471:
592:
201:
3813:
22:
790:
80:
1604:
1592:
501:
roll, a key or a jewel in its mouth (sūtras are
Buddhist texts, a fact which attests to the Buddhist origins of the Inari cult). The statues do not symbolize the animals' proverbial malice, but the magic powers they are believed to possess. Sometimes the guardians are painted, and in that case they
671:
346:
have been used outdoors only since the 14th century. In Japan, too it ended up being installed at the entrance of shrines and temples next to the lion-dog. As a protection against exposure to Japan's rainy weather, the
276:
Perhaps as early as the earlier part of the Heian period (ninth century), the tradition changed and the two statues started to be different and be called differently. One had its mouth open and was called
755:
683:
864:
alphabet, which is pronounced "a", while the closed one is uttering the last letter, which is pronounced "um", to represent the beginning and the end of all things. Together they form the sound
1212:
965:
643:
4520:
707:
4823:
336:
3544:
506:, who is sometimes himself believed to be, and portrayed as, a fox. Although visible genitals are rare, the left fox is believed to be male, the right one female.
245:, however, the symbol changed, acquiring a distinctive look. The first lion statue in India appears around the 3rd century BC on top of a column erected by King
253:(710–794), as in the rest of Asia, the pair always consisted of two lions. Used only indoors until the 14th century, they were made mainly of wood. During the
731:
257:(794–1185), for example, wooden or metal pairs were employed as weights and door-stops, while at the Imperial Palace they were used to support screens or
2893:
856:
This is a very common characteristic in religious statue pairs at both temples and shrines. The pattern is
Buddhist in origin (see the article about the
316:
dog", and sometimes had a single horn on its head. Gradually the animals returned to be identical, but for their mouths, and ended up being called both
217:
In Asia, the lion was popularly believed to have the power to repel evil, and for this reason it was habitually used to guard gates and doors. The
4860:
4808:
1470:
659:
249:. The tradition later arrived in China where it developed into the guardian lion that was later exported to Korea, Japan, and Okinawa. During the
1368:
1178:
591:
7083:
4818:
4813:
4803:
3537:
5417:
612:
6501:
1396:
719:
695:
509:
Often the foxes wear red votive bibs similar to those worn by statues of other figures: for example, the
Buddhist bodhisattva figure
7053:
3530:
1636:
7058:
2886:
5153:
2667:
269:
The custom of placing wooden, and later stone representations of the kara-inu and lions were established no later than the mid-
860:, human-form guardians of Buddhist temples) and has a symbolic meaning: The open mouth is pronouncing the first letter of the
7063:
4853:
4795:
116:
statues usually are almost identical, but one has the mouth open, the other closed (however, exceptions exist, where both
1445:
1417:
548:, objects whose origin, function and symbolic meaning they share. Their name itself is centuries old regional variant of
2879:
1608:
331:, royal palaces, nobility residences or even private homes. A pair of these dogs are painted on the front walls of the
7093:
1565:
1275:
1092:
4703:
308:
because, as before, it resembled that animal. The other had its mouth closed, looked rather like a dog, was called
55:-like creatures, which traditionally guard the entrance or gate of the shrine, or placed in front of or within the
1284:
4846:
4733:
2742:
7048:
3958:
3756:
2910:
7068:
6456:
5040:
4708:
4649:
3994:
3487:
3108:
2935:
677:
Detail view of the right fox guardian of the shrine
Aratama Inari Jinja in Numazu with visible male genitalia
497:
in Japan, and the entrance of each is guarded by a pair of fox statues. Often one, and sometimes both, has a
7088:
2840:
1959:
1629:
7078:
6067:
3333:
2752:
2327:
1945:
1477:
7073:
3492:
1966:
1365:
1175:
1009:
915:
2902:
1265:
1112:
628:
435:
328:
241:, countries where the lion existed and was a symbol of strength. During its transportation along the
5058:
3772:
3229:
3597:
3424:
3346:
1596:
1497:
5123:
3366:
1521:
5022:
1622:
1261:
1400:
7098:
6589:
5739:
5372:
4106:
2930:
939:
817:
222:
5141:
1294:
4182:
3554:
2747:
2662:
2189:
1082:
6184:
1267:
The Golden
Journey: Japanese Art from Australian Collections, Art Gallery of South Australia
5593:
4756:
4749:
4381:
4087:
3610:
2956:
2197:
1744:
1344:
3974:
3361:
3103:
2258:
8:
6881:
6600:
5894:
4713:
4148:
3891:
3662:
3419:
2982:
2672:
2334:
1660:
1558:
The Fox and the Jewel: Shared and
Private Meanings in Contemporary Japanese Inari Worship
689:
Detail view of the left fox guardian of the shrine
Aratama Inari Jinja in Numazu with kit
279:
6717:
5336:
6506:
5975:
5422:
5210:
4877:
4286:
3038:
2647:
1815:
1227:
1132:
1021:
988:
943:
935:
537:
513:. In this case, however, the bibs seem to be purely a rite, whose origins are unclear.
6247:
6148:
6562:
6393:
5067:
5031:
4887:
4869:
4238:
4169:
4093:
3852:
3703:
3456:
3409:
3284:
3264:
1924:
1571:
1561:
1271:
1088:
947:
490:
184:. The iconography and symbolism were imported, and not native to Shintoism. The same
74:
5584:
5004:
4005:
3981:
3522:
3158:
3002:
1453:
1428:
931:
6580:
5984:
5766:
5748:
5363:
5219:
5094:
4950:
4739:
4394:
4367:
3738:
3477:
3289:
2835:
2380:
2317:
2231:
1987:
1553:
1248:
1124:
980:
927:
324:
6571:
5921:
5076:
1108:
6989:
6229:
5849:
5433:
5390:
4977:
4923:
4896:
4745:
4341:
3999:
3907:
3900:
3839:
3678:
3145:
2351:
2275:
2251:
2224:
1903:
1693:
1686:
1517:
1372:
1182:
770:
6220:
4932:
2799:
762:
445:(1603–1868) other animals have been used instead of lions or dogs, among others
7022:
7017:
7007:
6971:
6791:
6744:
6645:
6553:
6175:
5903:
5775:
5478:
5327:
5103:
4081:
3873:
3731:
3717:
3685:
3630:
3414:
3125:
2992:
2657:
2652:
2468:
2307:
2300:
2145:
1980:
1938:
1910:
1150:
857:
832:
809:
258:
189:
7027:
6517:
6303:
6256:
5273:
5132:
4941:
2726:
2339:
2322:
2202:
1391:. on-line Dictionary of Japanese Architectural and Art Historical Terminology.
713:
Detail view of left
Komainu outside the gate of Saikouji in Toyohashi with cub
109:
on Shinto shrine grounds. The dog and lion pairs are seen as interchangeable.
7042:
6699:
5564:
5399:
5264:
5174:
5049:
3941:
3935:
3818:
3793:
3779:
3745:
3724:
3710:
3644:
3590:
3576:
3429:
3323:
3279:
3224:
3209:
2757:
2682:
2548:
2474:
2457:
2363:
2344:
2263:
2241:
1994:
1973:
1952:
1931:
1721:
1645:
1575:
62:
6094:
3765:
3199:
2871:
2312:
2073:
1537:
6863:
6773:
6276:
6022:
5912:
5575:
5309:
4763:
4679:
3637:
3399:
3341:
3214:
2783:
2711:
2553:
2415:
2290:
2207:
1213:"Symbolic Representations of Apotropaic Power in Edo-Era Japan (1603–1868)"
1128:
803:
795:
650:
494:
475:
270:
254:
230:
226:
5451:
5381:
4959:
3351:
470:
229:
China. The
Chinese guardian lions are believed to have been influenced by
6726:
6708:
6681:
6672:
6544:
6321:
6166:
6013:
5867:
5647:
5496:
5354:
5165:
4905:
4161:
4044:
4019:
3583:
3461:
3183:
3178:
2925:
2538:
2521:
2430:
2410:
2285:
2246:
2159:
2108:
2066:
1751:
766:
250:
234:
6827:
6762:
6690:
6238:
6112:
6085:
5829:
5683:
4995:
4914:
4127:
3502:
3497:
3384:
3168:
2972:
2703:
2696:
2268:
1787:
1231:
1136:
1025:
7012:
6872:
6735:
6663:
6654:
6526:
6483:
6420:
6411:
6366:
6312:
6121:
6040:
5966:
5948:
5885:
5757:
5730:
5550:
5514:
5318:
5085:
4686:
4658:
4624:
4012:
3988:
3250:
3130:
3007:
2604:
2393:
2295:
2214:
1836:
1714:
1449:
1422:
1084:
Shinto
Shrines: A Guide to the Sacred Sites of Japan's Ancient Religion
992:
442:
360:
205:
106:
6818:
6492:
6202:
5611:
4968:
4610:
4293:
3153:
3098:
3052:
2405:
2080:
1679:
200:
105:("Chinese lion") are the typical stone-made creatures associated with
6962:
6890:
6782:
6447:
6429:
6402:
6130:
5876:
5840:
5602:
5532:
5523:
5345:
5255:
5246:
5183:
4777:
4672:
4638:
4432:
4360:
4175:
4155:
3845:
3394:
3389:
3313:
3093:
3027:
3022:
2987:
2962:
2941:
2845:
2677:
2625:
2531:
2501:
2495:
2481:
2445:
2398:
2368:
2356:
2236:
2166:
2026:
1871:
1822:
1759:
1738:
446:
373:(tr. "avenues of approach" to the shrine) and are now categorized as
6474:
5701:
5620:
5300:
4838:
4300:
3173:
3057:
1054:
984:
6953:
6908:
6899:
6836:
6753:
6535:
6375:
6339:
6139:
6058:
6031:
5939:
5793:
5784:
5719:
5710:
5674:
5665:
5559:
5460:
5408:
5201:
5013:
4986:
4592:
4481:
4467:
4453:
4425:
4418:
4400:
4231:
4217:
4196:
4134:
4057:
3967:
3482:
3376:
2951:
2815:
2773:
2721:
2716:
2572:
2462:
2435:
2219:
2172:
2094:
1896:
1850:
1829:
1794:
1773:
877:
873:
869:
861:
540:
guard the gates or the roofs of houses, are close relatives of the
313:
242:
233:
pelts and lion depictions introduced through trade from either the
6980:
6944:
6935:
6357:
6294:
5505:
4770:
4550:
4529:
4328:
4314:
4307:
4272:
4224:
4189:
3318:
3072:
3062:
3017:
3012:
2997:
2946:
2510:
2122:
2011:
1857:
1843:
1766:
498:
375:
369:
120:
have their mouth either open or closed). The two forms are called
6800:
6465:
6438:
6285:
6004:
5820:
5692:
5656:
5638:
5541:
5291:
5282:
5237:
5192:
4617:
4564:
4543:
4502:
4488:
4474:
4279:
4113:
4064:
4050:
3859:
3696:
3671:
3604:
3404:
3047:
2977:
2631:
2543:
2526:
2489:
2449:
2420:
2388:
2152:
1917:
1889:
1780:
1614:
1388:
881:
827:
822:
486:
21:
5469:
3812:
3786:
3219:
3204:
510:
6926:
6917:
6627:
6618:
6384:
6076:
6049:
5995:
5957:
5930:
5802:
5629:
5487:
5442:
5228:
4585:
4536:
4460:
4374:
4321:
4265:
4210:
4203:
4141:
4099:
3921:
3914:
3616:
3507:
3294:
3067:
2830:
2825:
2687:
2618:
2611:
2506:
2087:
2016:
1707:
1700:
1603:
1591:
1113:"Notes d'iconographie chinoise : les acolytes de Ti-tsang"
916:"Notes d'iconographie chinoise : les acolytes de Ti-tsang"
837:
450:
246:
79:
57:
2101:
6854:
6809:
6636:
6609:
6330:
6267:
6193:
6157:
5811:
4577:
4571:
4557:
4495:
4446:
4388:
4335:
4120:
3947:
3928:
3866:
3623:
3356:
3135:
3077:
2820:
2778:
2516:
2425:
2178:
2138:
2129:
2115:
2021:
1864:
523:
238:
3163:
2856: (in order of the size of the shrine network they head)
665:
Pair of fox guardians with kit at Numazu Aratama Inari Jinja
6845:
6348:
4784:
4665:
4509:
4439:
3245:
2597:
2579:
598:
180:
52:
273:(tenth century), though precise dating remains uncertain.
6211:
6103:
3304:
454:
339:, but such painted examples are a rare, possibly unique.
1176:
Culture of the lion around the world; roots of the shisa
1254:
865:
6987:
6978:
6969:
6960:
6951:
6942:
6933:
6924:
6915:
6906:
6897:
6888:
6879:
6870:
6861:
6852:
6843:
6834:
6825:
6816:
6807:
6798:
6789:
6780:
6771:
6760:
6751:
6742:
6733:
6724:
6715:
6706:
6697:
6688:
6679:
6670:
6661:
6652:
6643:
6634:
6625:
6616:
6607:
6598:
6587:
6578:
6569:
6560:
6551:
6542:
6533:
6524:
6515:
6499:
6490:
6481:
6472:
6463:
6454:
6445:
6436:
6427:
6418:
6409:
6400:
6391:
6382:
6373:
6364:
6355:
6346:
6337:
6328:
6319:
6310:
6301:
6292:
6283:
6274:
6265:
6254:
6245:
6236:
6227:
6218:
6209:
6200:
6191:
6182:
6173:
6164:
6155:
6146:
6137:
6128:
6119:
6110:
6101:
6092:
6083:
6074:
6065:
6056:
6047:
6038:
6029:
6020:
6011:
6002:
5993:
5982:
5973:
5964:
5955:
5946:
5937:
5928:
5919:
5910:
5901:
5892:
5883:
5874:
5865:
5856:
5847:
5838:
5827:
5818:
5809:
5800:
5791:
5782:
5773:
5764:
5755:
5746:
5737:
5728:
5717:
5708:
5699:
5690:
5681:
5672:
5663:
5654:
5645:
5636:
5627:
5618:
5609:
5600:
5591:
5582:
5573:
5557:
5548:
5539:
5530:
5521:
5512:
5503:
5494:
5485:
5476:
5467:
5458:
5449:
5440:
5431:
5415:
5406:
5397:
5388:
5379:
5370:
5361:
5352:
5343:
5334:
5325:
5316:
5307:
5298:
5289:
5280:
5271:
5262:
5253:
5244:
5235:
5226:
5217:
5208:
5199:
5190:
5181:
5172:
5163:
5139:
5130:
5121:
5101:
5092:
5083:
5074:
5065:
5056:
5047:
5038:
5029:
5020:
5011:
5002:
4993:
4984:
4975:
4966:
4957:
4948:
4939:
4930:
4921:
4912:
4903:
4894:
4885:
1343:
On the fusion of Shintō and Buddhism, see the article
1076:
1074:
1072:
188:
symbolism is the same one as that associated with the
3552:
1066:
Japanese dictionary, 6th Edition (2008), DVD version
785:
502:
are always white. White foxes are messengers of the
1069:
1020:(1). Nanzan University. p. 16 and n22. March 1966.
1399:. Kyoto National Museum Dictionary. Archived from
1552:
1476:(in Japanese). Japanese Religions. Archived from
1243:
1241:
701:Komainu outside the gate of Saikouji in Toyohashi
489:, acting as guardian of shrines dedicated to the
7040:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1143:
1380:
959:
957:
1270:. Art Gallery of South Australia. p. 40.
1260:
1238:
1059:
743:
554:
529:
411:
382:
285:
155:
126:
40:
4854:
3538:
2901:
2887:
1630:
1199:
909:
907:
905:
438:, nobility residences or even private homes.
1516:
1300:
1004:
1002:
954:
29:, the "a" on the right, the "um" on the left
1801:
1290:
1156:
1080:
560:
417:
388:
291:
161:
132:
4861:
4847:
3545:
3531:
2894:
2880:
1637:
1623:
1087:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 37.
902:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1210:
1101:
999:
963:
465:
204:A statue of a guardian lion looking over
1560:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
1049:
1047:
469:
199:
78:
20:
3425:Twelve Heavenly Generals (Jūni Shinshō)
1659:
913:
192:, the two Buddhist gatekeeper deities.
112:Meant to ward off evil spirits, modern
7041:
2668:Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines
1349:
1321:
1192:
1190:
1170:
1168:
1107:
434:. They can sometimes be found also at
16:Statues mainly found in Shinto shrines
7084:Objects believed to protect from evil
4868:
4842:
3526:
2875:
2047:
1658:
1618:
1443:
1358:
1044:
97:(construable as "Korean dog") or two
1495:
1427:(in Japanese). Yahoo. Archived from
1081:Cali, Joseph; Dougill, John (2012).
1032:
843:
606:; "a" on the right, "un" on the left
1452:Encyclopedia online. Archived from
1415:
1211:Kobayashi, Fumihiko (Spring 2021).
1187:
1165:
966:"Shinto shrines or Shinto temples?"
493:deity. There are about 30 thousand
68:
13:
1644:
1468:
405:. The much older type are called
14:
7110:
1584:
1524:(in German). University of Vienna
926:(2 The Fairy Tale in Japan). n7.
872:sacred in several religions like
516:
323:Eventually they were also became
4704:Architectural Institute of Japan
3811:
1602:
1590:
1540:. Okinawa Prefectural Government
1196:Kyoto National Museum Dictionary
802:
788:
754:
730:
718:
706:
694:
682:
670:
658:
642:
627:
611:
590:
342:According to one reckoning, the
51:in English, are statue pairs of
7054:Japanese architectural features
4734:Groups of Traditional Buildings
2743:Shrine Parishioner Registration
1337:
1312:
1162:Encyclopedia of Shinto, Komainu
1014:Contemporary Religions in Japan
940:10.13110/marvelstales.27.2.0276
932:10.13110/marvelstales.27.2.0276
351:started being carved in stone.
264:
178:or referred to collectively as
7059:Japanese Buddhist architecture
3265:Schools and objects of worship
2911:Japanese Buddhist architecture
1366:The Chinese lion-Guardian dogs
1264:; Newland, Amy Reigle (2009).
850:
1:
4709:Japan Institute of Architects
3488:Glossary of Japanese Buddhism
891:
354:
61:(inner sanctum) of Japanese
7064:Japanese legendary creatures
2841:Two bows, two claps, one bow
1381:General and cited references
896:
536:, the stone animals that in
460:
7:
6988:
6979:
6970:
6961:
6952:
6943:
6934:
6925:
6916:
6907:
6898:
6889:
6880:
6871:
6862:
6853:
6844:
6835:
6826:
6817:
6808:
6799:
6790:
6781:
6772:
6761:
6752:
6743:
6734:
6725:
6716:
6707:
6698:
6689:
6680:
6671:
6662:
6653:
6644:
6635:
6626:
6617:
6608:
6599:
6588:
6579:
6570:
6561:
6552:
6543:
6534:
6525:
6516:
6500:
6491:
6482:
6473:
6464:
6455:
6446:
6437:
6428:
6419:
6410:
6401:
6392:
6383:
6374:
6365:
6356:
6347:
6338:
6329:
6320:
6311:
6302:
6293:
6284:
6275:
6266:
6255:
6246:
6237:
6228:
6219:
6210:
6201:
6192:
6183:
6174:
6165:
6156:
6147:
6138:
6129:
6120:
6111:
6102:
6093:
6084:
6075:
6066:
6057:
6048:
6039:
6030:
6021:
6012:
6003:
5994:
5983:
5974:
5965:
5956:
5947:
5938:
5929:
5920:
5911:
5902:
5893:
5884:
5875:
5866:
5857:
5848:
5839:
5828:
5819:
5810:
5801:
5792:
5783:
5774:
5765:
5756:
5747:
5738:
5729:
5718:
5709:
5700:
5691:
5682:
5673:
5664:
5655:
5646:
5637:
5628:
5619:
5610:
5601:
5592:
5583:
5574:
5558:
5549:
5540:
5531:
5522:
5513:
5504:
5495:
5486:
5477:
5468:
5459:
5450:
5441:
5432:
5416:
5407:
5398:
5389:
5380:
5371:
5362:
5353:
5344:
5335:
5326:
5317:
5308:
5299:
5290:
5281:
5272:
5263:
5254:
5245:
5236:
5227:
5218:
5209:
5200:
5191:
5182:
5173:
5164:
5140:
5131:
5122:
5102:
5093:
5084:
5075:
5066:
5057:
5048:
5039:
5030:
5021:
5012:
5003:
4994:
4985:
4976:
4967:
4958:
4949:
4940:
4931:
4922:
4913:
4904:
4895:
4886:
2767:Misc practices for visitors
2753:Shrine Consolidation Policy
1251:, accessed on July 16, 2010
1153:, accessed on July 10, 2010
781:
225:and in fact originate from
10:
7115:
3809:
3493:Japanese Buddhist pantheon
2048:
1334:Scheid, Inari Fuchswächter
580:
427:komainu within 's premises
367:began to be placed at the
212:
195:
72:
7000:
5152:
5114:
4876:
4794:
4729:
4722:
4696:
4648:
4602:
4519:
4410:
4352:
4248:
4074:
4037:
3957:
3890:
3883:
3832:
3825:
3755:
3661:
3654:
3568:
3561:
3470:
3449:
3442:
3375:
3332:
3303:
3272:
3263:
3238:
3192:
3144:
3086:
3036:
2918:
2909:
2903:Buddhist temples in Japan
2854:
2808:
2792:
2766:
2735:
2640:
2589:
2564:
2444:
2379:
2188:
2058:
2054:
2043:
2004:
1881:
1731:
1708:honden / shinden / shōden
1671:
1667:
1654:
1306:Shogakukan Encyclopedia,
1291:Cali & Dougill (2012)
1060:
1038:Shogakukan Encyclopedia,
964:Metevelis, Peter (1994).
914:Shamoon, Deborah (2013).
744:
555:
530:
412:
383:
335:(inner sanctuary) at the
286:
156:
127:
41:
7094:Shinto religious objects
1371:October 8, 2009, at the
1181:October 9, 2009, at the
337:Kamo-wakeikazuchi Shrine
1504:. Kokugakuin University
773:, is made of porcelain.
653:with a key in its mouth
622:with a horn on its head
6590:Yashima no Hage-tanuki
4075:Structural and spatial
3230:Ōbaku Zen architecture
2919:Architectonic elements
2328:Sannō Ichijitsu Shintō
2280:daughters of Amaterasu
1732:Architectonic elements
1502:Encyclopedia of Shinto
1129:10.3406/arasi.1966.958
973:Asian Folklore Studies
818:Chinese guardian lions
478:
474:A pair of foxes at an
466:Foxes at Inari shrines
223:Chinese guardian lions
209:
90:
30:
7049:Buddhist architecture
5124:Konjaku Monogatarishū
3555:Japanese architecture
3420:Shitennō (Four Kings)
2748:Secular Shrine Theory
2663:Shinkai (divine rank)
1444:Kanechiku, Nobuyuki.
1318:Kotera, pages 1 and 2
649:A fox in front of an
473:
398:entrance-road Komainu
203:
82:
73:Further information:
24:
7069:Mythological canines
5156:in Japanese Folklore
5154:Legendary Creatures
3611:Imperial Crown Style
2198:Fushimi Inari Taisha
1611:at Wikimedia Commons
1599:at Wikimedia Commons
1522:"Inari Fuchswächter"
725:A guardian wild boar
7089:Sculptures of lions
5142:Uji Shūi Monogatari
5041:Taketori Monogatari
4714:Metabolist Movement
2993:Niō or Kongōrikishi
2673:Engishiki Jinmyocho
2335:Kumano Nachi Taisha
1661:Shinto architecture
1456:on 18 February 2013
1431:on 18 February 2013
1425:Encyclopedia online
920:Marvels & Tales
327:objects protecting
7079:Mythological lions
4796:National Treasures
4611:Chōzuya (Temizuya)
3377:Objects of worship
2692:Buddhist elements
2648:Twenty-Two Shrines
1538:"Shisa Travelogue"
1469:Kotera, Yoshiaki.
1403:on 3 December 2009
1364:Shisa Travelogue,
1174:Shisa Travelogue,
479:
441:Starting from the
221:strongly resemble
210:
91:
31:
7074:Mythological dogs
7036:
7035:
6563:Danzaburou-danuki
5068:Tsuru no Ongaeshi
5032:Shita-kiri Suzume
4888:Awa Tanuki Gassen
4870:Japanese folklore
4836:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4170:Nightingale floor
4094:Disordered piling
4033:
4032:
4029:
4028:
3826:Types of building
3807:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3457:kei (ritual gong)
3438:
3437:
3259:
3258:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2259:Dazaifu Tenman-gū
2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
1925:ishi-no-ma-zukuri
1609:Inari fox statues
1607:Media related to
1595:Media related to
1554:Smyers, Karen Ann
1496:Nakayama, Kaoru.
1355:Smyers (1999:229)
844:Explanatory notes
481:A variant of the
75:Japanese Buddhism
7106:
6993:
6984:
6975:
6966:
6957:
6948:
6939:
6930:
6921:
6912:
6903:
6894:
6885:
6876:
6867:
6858:
6849:
6840:
6831:
6822:
6813:
6804:
6795:
6786:
6777:
6766:
6757:
6748:
6739:
6730:
6721:
6712:
6703:
6694:
6685:
6676:
6667:
6658:
6649:
6640:
6631:
6622:
6613:
6604:
6593:
6584:
6581:Shibaemon-tanuki
6575:
6566:
6557:
6548:
6539:
6530:
6521:
6512:
6510:
6496:
6487:
6478:
6469:
6460:
6451:
6442:
6433:
6424:
6415:
6406:
6397:
6388:
6379:
6370:
6361:
6352:
6343:
6334:
6325:
6316:
6307:
6298:
6289:
6280:
6271:
6260:
6251:
6242:
6233:
6224:
6215:
6206:
6197:
6188:
6179:
6170:
6161:
6152:
6143:
6134:
6125:
6116:
6107:
6098:
6089:
6080:
6071:
6062:
6053:
6044:
6035:
6026:
6017:
6008:
5999:
5988:
5979:
5970:
5961:
5952:
5943:
5934:
5925:
5916:
5907:
5898:
5889:
5880:
5871:
5862:
5853:
5844:
5833:
5824:
5815:
5806:
5797:
5788:
5779:
5770:
5761:
5752:
5743:
5734:
5723:
5714:
5705:
5696:
5687:
5678:
5669:
5660:
5651:
5642:
5633:
5624:
5615:
5606:
5597:
5588:
5579:
5570:
5568:
5554:
5545:
5536:
5527:
5518:
5509:
5500:
5491:
5482:
5473:
5464:
5455:
5446:
5437:
5428:
5426:
5412:
5403:
5394:
5385:
5376:
5367:
5358:
5349:
5340:
5331:
5322:
5313:
5304:
5295:
5286:
5277:
5268:
5259:
5250:
5241:
5232:
5223:
5214:
5205:
5196:
5187:
5178:
5169:
5145:
5136:
5127:
5107:
5098:
5095:Yamata no Orochi
5089:
5080:
5071:
5062:
5053:
5044:
5035:
5026:
5023:Saru Kani Gassen
5017:
5008:
4999:
4990:
4981:
4972:
4963:
4954:
4951:Kachi-kachi Yama
4945:
4936:
4927:
4918:
4909:
4900:
4891:
4863:
4856:
4849:
4840:
4839:
4824:Other structures
4727:
4726:
3888:
3887:
3830:
3829:
3815:
3659:
3658:
3566:
3565:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3524:
3523:
3447:
3446:
3270:
3269:
3146:Japanese pagodas
3099:chōzuya/temizuya
2916:
2915:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2873:
2872:
2381:Tutelary deities
2318:Oyamakui no Kami
2232:Ise Grand Shrine
2056:
2055:
2045:
2044:
1988:sumiyoshi-zukuri
1974:ryōnagare-zukuri
1669:
1668:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1616:
1615:
1606:
1594:
1579:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1518:Scheid, Bernhard
1513:
1511:
1509:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1482:
1475:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1392:
1375:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1319:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1258:
1252:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1220:Western Folklore
1217:
1208:
1197:
1194:
1185:
1172:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1078:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1051:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1010:"Shinto Symbols"
1006:
997:
996:
970:
961:
952:
951:
911:
885:
854:
812:
807:
806:
798:
793:
792:
791:
758:
749:
747:
746:
734:
722:
710:
698:
686:
674:
662:
646:
631:
615:
594:
576:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
558:
557:
535:
533:
532:
436:Buddhist temples
433:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
415:
414:
404:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
386:
385:
359:Starting in the
329:Buddhist temples
307:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
289:
288:
177:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
159:
158:
148:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
130:
129:
69:Symbolic meaning
46:
44:
43:
7114:
7113:
7109:
7108:
7107:
7105:
7104:
7103:
7039:
7038:
7037:
7032:
6996:
6990:Zashiki-warashi
6504:
6248:Rashōmon no oni
5594:Hitotsume-nyūdō
5562:
5420:
5155:
5148:
5110:
4978:Kobutori Jiisan
4924:Hanasaka Jiisan
4897:Bunbuku Chagama
4872:
4867:
4837:
4828:
4790:
4746:Japanese garden
4718:
4692:
4644:
4603:Outdoor objects
4598:
4515:
4406:
4348:
4258:
4244:
4070:
4025:
3953:
3879:
3821:
3816:
3799:
3751:
3650:
3557:
3551:
3521:
3512:
3466:
3434:
3395:Dainichi Nyorai
3371:
3328:
3299:
3255:
3234:
3188:
3140:
3131:kyōzō or kyō-dō
3082:
3032:
2961:kentozuka: see
2940:kaerumata: see
2905:
2900:
2870:
2857:
2850:
2804:
2788:
2762:
2731:
2636:
2585:
2560:
2440:
2375:
2352:Tsushima Shrine
2276:Munakata Taisha
2252:Shinmei shrines
2225:Hachiman Shrine
2215:Usa Hachiman-gū
2184:
2050:
2031:
2000:
1946:misedana-zukuri
1904:hachiman-zukuri
1897:tsumairi-zukuri
1877:
1758:kaerumata: see
1727:
1680:chōzu or temizu
1663:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1587:
1582:
1568:
1543:
1541:
1536:
1527:
1525:
1507:
1505:
1486:
1484:
1483:on 19 July 2011
1480:
1473:
1459:
1457:
1448:(in Japanese).
1434:
1432:
1406:
1404:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1373:Wayback Machine
1363:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1345:Shinbutsu shūgō
1342:
1338:
1333:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1305:
1301:
1289:
1285:
1278:
1259:
1255:
1246:
1239:
1215:
1209:
1200:
1195:
1188:
1183:Wayback Machine
1173:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1148:
1144:
1117:Arts Asiatiques
1106:
1102:
1095:
1079:
1070:
1057:
1052:
1045:
1037:
1033:
1008:
1007:
1000:
985:10.2307/1178650
968:
962:
955:
912:
903:
899:
894:
889:
888:
855:
851:
846:
808:
801:
794:
789:
787:
784:
779:
778:
777:
774:
771:Saga Prefecture
759:
750:
741:
735:
726:
723:
714:
711:
702:
699:
690:
687:
678:
675:
666:
663:
654:
647:
638:
632:
623:
616:
607:
595:
583:
572:
569:
566:
563:
552:
527:
519:
468:
463:
429:
426:
423:
420:
409:
400:
397:
394:
391:
380:
357:
303:
300:
297:
294:
283:
267:
259:folding screens
215:
198:
173:
170:
167:
164:
153:
144:
141:
138:
135:
124:
93:A twin pair of
77:
71:
47:, often called
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7112:
7102:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7076:
7071:
7066:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7034:
7033:
7031:
7030:
7025:
7023:Shigeru Mizuki
7020:
7018:Lafcadio Hearn
7015:
7010:
7008:Kunio Yanagita
7004:
7002:
6998:
6997:
6995:
6994:
6985:
6976:
6972:Yume no seirei
6967:
6958:
6949:
6940:
6931:
6922:
6913:
6904:
6895:
6886:
6877:
6868:
6859:
6850:
6841:
6832:
6823:
6814:
6805:
6796:
6792:Tsurube-otoshi
6787:
6778:
6769:
6768:
6767:
6758:
6749:
6745:Koto-furunushi
6740:
6731:
6722:
6713:
6704:
6695:
6686:
6668:
6659:
6650:
6641:
6632:
6623:
6614:
6605:
6596:
6595:
6594:
6585:
6576:
6567:
6558:
6554:Tanuki-bayashi
6540:
6531:
6522:
6513:
6497:
6488:
6479:
6470:
6461:
6452:
6443:
6434:
6425:
6416:
6407:
6398:
6389:
6380:
6371:
6362:
6353:
6344:
6335:
6326:
6317:
6308:
6299:
6290:
6281:
6272:
6263:
6262:
6261:
6252:
6243:
6234:
6225:
6207:
6198:
6189:
6180:
6171:
6162:
6153:
6144:
6135:
6126:
6117:
6108:
6099:
6090:
6081:
6072:
6063:
6054:
6045:
6036:
6027:
6018:
6009:
6000:
5991:
5990:
5989:
5971:
5962:
5953:
5944:
5935:
5926:
5917:
5908:
5904:Kuchisake-onna
5899:
5890:
5881:
5872:
5863:
5854:
5845:
5836:
5835:
5834:
5816:
5807:
5798:
5789:
5780:
5771:
5762:
5753:
5744:
5735:
5726:
5725:
5724:
5715:
5697:
5688:
5679:
5670:
5661:
5652:
5643:
5634:
5625:
5616:
5607:
5598:
5589:
5585:Hitotsume-kozō
5580:
5571:
5555:
5546:
5537:
5528:
5519:
5510:
5501:
5492:
5483:
5479:Futakuchi-onna
5474:
5465:
5456:
5447:
5438:
5429:
5413:
5404:
5395:
5386:
5377:
5368:
5359:
5350:
5341:
5332:
5328:Ashinagatenaga
5323:
5314:
5305:
5296:
5287:
5278:
5269:
5260:
5251:
5242:
5233:
5224:
5215:
5206:
5197:
5188:
5179:
5170:
5160:
5158:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5146:
5137:
5128:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5108:
5104:Yotsuya Kaidan
5099:
5090:
5081:
5072:
5063:
5054:
5045:
5036:
5027:
5018:
5009:
5005:Nezumi no Sumō
5000:
4991:
4982:
4973:
4964:
4955:
4946:
4937:
4928:
4919:
4910:
4901:
4892:
4882:
4880:
4874:
4873:
4866:
4865:
4858:
4851:
4843:
4834:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4800:
4798:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4781:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4743:
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4723:Related topics
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4114:Irimoya-zukuri
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4082:Burdock piling
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4006:Shichidō garan
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3003:shichidō garan
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2658:Beppyo Shrines
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2653:Gokoku Shrines
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2641:Classification
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1981:shinmei-zukuri
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1939:kibitsu-zukuri
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1918:irimoya-zukuri
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1911:hiyoshi-zukuri
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1647:Shinto shrines
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1585:External links
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1416:Mihashi, Ken.
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1262:Bennett, James
1253:
1237:
1226:(2): 186–187.
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1123:. p.52, n(2).
1109:Soymié, Michel
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810:Animals portal
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63:Shinto shrines
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7099:Chinese lions
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5077:Urashima Tarō
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5050:Tamamo-no-Mae
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4765:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4751:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4721:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4697:Organizations
4695:
4689:
4688:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4573:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4555:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4284:
4282:
4281:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3943:
3942:Shinto shrine
3940:
3938:
3937:
3936:Setsumatsusha
3933:
3931:
3930:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3819:Himeji Castle
3814:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3548:
3543:
3541:
3536:
3534:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3334:Nanto rokushū
3331:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:Major schools
3271:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2892:
2890:
2885:
2883:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2853:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2758:Shrine Shinto
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2683:Setsumatsusha
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:Miscellaneous
2588:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2549:Matsuri float
2547:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2513:(propagation)
2512:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2364:Yasaka Shrine
2362:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2345:Kumano Sanzan
2343:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2042:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1995:taisha-zukuri
1992:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1953:nagare-zukuri
1950:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1932:kasuga-zukuri
1929:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1802:kitsune (fox)
1799:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1722:setsumatsusha
1719:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1567:0-8248-2102-5
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1539:
1535:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1479:
1472:
1467:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1430:
1426:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1361:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1279:
1277:9780730830399
1273:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1250:
1244:
1242:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1159:
1152:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1119:(in French).
1118:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1096:
1094:9780824837754
1090:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1041:
1035:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1003:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
967:
960:
958:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
910:
908:
906:
901:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
853:
849:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
811:
805:
800:
797:
786:
772:
768:
764:
761:A komainu at
757:
752:
740:
733:
728:
721:
716:
709:
704:
697:
692:
685:
680:
673:
668:
661:
656:
652:
645:
640:
637:
630:
625:
621:
614:
609:
605:
601:
600:
593:
588:
587:
578:
551:
547:
543:
539:
526:
525:
514:
512:
507:
505:
500:
496:
495:Inari shrines
492:
488:
485:theme is the
484:
477:
472:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
437:
408:
379:
377:
372:
371:
366:
362:
352:
350:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
282:
281:
274:
272:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
207:
202:
193:
191:
187:
183:
182:
152:
123:
119:
115:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
89:
86:
81:
76:
66:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
37:
36:
28:
23:
19:
6774:Tsurara-onna
6277:Onihitokuchi
6230:Kijo/Onibaba
6221:Ibaraki-dōji
5913:Kuda-gitsune
5858:
5576:Hito-gitsune
4933:Hyakki Yagyō
4783:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4738:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4657:
4650:Measurements
4637:
4631:
4630:
4623:
4616:
4609:
4591:
4584:
4576:
4570:
4563:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4528:
4508:
4501:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4399:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4366:
4359:
4340:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4313:
4306:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4174:
4162:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4086:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3946:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3687:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3603:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3553:Elements of
3415:Shaka Nyorai
3385:Amida Nyōrai
3215:Shoin-zukuri
3118:
3114:
3110:
3037:
2967:
2800:Jinja Honchō
2793:Institutions
2712:Whale mounds
2702:
2695:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2578:
2571:
2554:Shinko-shiki
2480:
2416:Yama-no-Kami
2291:Takeminakata
2208:Inari shrine
2190:Head shrines
2177:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1967:owari-zukuri
1965:
1960:ōtori-zukuri
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1557:
1542:. Retrieved
1526:. Retrieved
1506:. Retrieved
1501:
1485:. Retrieved
1478:the original
1458:. Retrieved
1454:the original
1433:. Retrieved
1429:the original
1421:
1405:. Retrieved
1401:the original
1360:
1351:
1339:
1314:
1307:
1302:
1286:
1266:
1256:
1223:
1219:
1158:
1145:
1120:
1116:
1103:
1083:
1039:
1034:
1017:
1013:
976:
972:
923:
919:
852:
796:Japan portal
763:Tozan Shrine
738:
651:Inari shrine
635:
634:An Okinawan
619:
603:
597:
549:
545:
541:
522:
520:
508:
503:
482:
480:
476:Inari shrine
440:
406:
374:
368:
364:
358:
348:
343:
341:
332:
322:
317:
309:
278:
275:
271:Heian period
268:
265:Heian period
255:Heian period
231:Asiatic lion
227:Tang dynasty
218:
216:
185:
179:
150:
121:
117:
113:
111:
102:
98:
94:
92:
87:
84:
56:
48:
34:
33:
32:
26:
18:
7028:Inoue Enryō
7001:Folklorists
6727:Ittan-momen
6709:Boroboroton
6682:Abumi-guchi
6673:Tsukumogami
6505: [
6322:Osakabehime
6257:Shuten-dōji
6167:Oboroguruma
6014:Mokumokuren
5985:Miage-nyūdō
5868:Konaki-jiji
5648:Ishinagenjo
5563: [
5497:Gashadokuro
5421: [
5355:Bake-kujira
5274:Amefurikozō
5166:Abura-akago
5133:Otogi-zōshi
5059:Tawara Tōda
4942:Issun-bōshi
4906:Hachikazuki
4411:Furnishings
4038:Roof styles
3478:bussokuseki
3410:Marishi-ten
3109:main hall (
3039:Mon (gates)
2926:hidden roof
2727:Sōja shrine
2539:Arahitogami
2522:Jingu Taima
2492:(locations)
2431:Ubusunagami
2411:Jinushigami
2340:Kumano Kodō
2323:Sannō torii
2286:Suwa Taisha
2247:Jingu Taima
2203:Inari Ōkami
2109:Kagura suzu
2005:Decorations
1752:hidden roof
1508:27 December
1397:"Lion-dogs"
737:A guardian
251:Nara period
235:Middle East
107:gatekeeping
7043:Categories
7013:Keigo Seki
6736:Kasa-obake
6664:Tsuchinoko
6655:Tsuchigumo
6527:Sunekosuri
6502:Shussebora
6421:Shidaidaka
6412:Shachihoko
6367:Rokurokubi
6313:Ootakemaru
6149:Nyūdō-bōzu
6122:Nurarihyon
6095:Noppera-bō
5967:Mikaribaba
5886:Koromodako
5758:Kasa-obake
5731:Kamaitachi
5551:Hiderigami
5515:Hanako-san
5391:Chimimōryō
5319:Aosaginohi
5086:Uriko-hime
4809:Residences
4750:rock (Zen)
4521:Partitions
4255:Approaches
3766:Daibutsuyō
3704:Ishi-no-ma
3508:saisenbako
3450:Implements
3200:Daibutsuyō
2957:karesansui
2605:Kanjo Nawa
2394:Chinjugami
2313:Ōkuninushi
2296:Yasakatome
2074:Chōzubachi
2059:Implements
1715:kagura-den
1450:Shogakukan
1423:Shogakukan
1293:, p.
979:(2): 340.
892:References
550:shishi-san
449:, tigers,
447:wild boars
443:Edo period
361:Edo period
355:Edo period
325:apotropaic
206:Mount Emei
171:"un" shape
25:A pair of
6963:Yuki-onna
6891:Yamajijii
6783:Tsurubebi
6646:Tōfu-kozō
6448:Shinigami
6430:Shikigami
6403:Sazae-oni
6131:Nure-onna
5877:Korpokkur
5841:Kitsunebi
5603:Hone-onna
5533:Hashihime
5524:Harionago
5452:Funayūrei
5382:Binbōgami
5346:Azukiarai
5256:Amanozako
5247:Amanojaku
5184:Aka Manto
4960:Kasa Jizō
4878:Folktales
4778:Wabi-sabi
4625:Ishigantō
4433:Emakimono
4368:Daidokoro
4361:Chashitsu
4342:Mihashira
4176:Onigawara
4156:Nakazonae
3995:Main Hall
3982:Hōkyōintō
3884:Religious
3846:Chashitsu
3817:Model of
3773:Ōbaku Zen
3739:Sumiyoshi
3686:Hiyoshi (
3655:Religious
3390:Benzaiten
3220:Shin-Wayō
3159:hōkyōintō
3094:Chinjusha
3087:Buildings
3028:onigawara
2988:nakazonae
2963:nakazonae
2942:nakazonae
2846:Jichinsai
2678:Chinjusha
2626:Miyamairi
2532:Senjafuda
2502:Kadomatsu
2496:Katashiro
2482:Meoto Iwa
2471:(forests)
2446:Yorishiro
2399:Garanshin
2369:Gion cult
2357:Gion cult
2237:Amaterasu
2167:Tamagushi
2027:Shimenawa
1823:nakazonae
1760:nakazonae
1739:Chinjusha
1672:Buildings
1576:231775156
1498:"Komainu"
1471:"Komainu"
1418:"Komainu"
948:161932208
897:Citations
461:Parallels
142:"a" shape
103:karajishi
101:("lion")/
49:lion-dogs
6954:Yosuzume
6909:Yamawaro
6900:Yama-uba
6882:Yamabiko
6837:Ushi-oni
6828:Umi zatō
6763:Ungaikyō
6754:Menreiki
6691:Bakezōri
6536:Takaonna
6457:Shiranui
6376:Samebito
6340:Otoroshi
6239:Kidōmaru
6140:Nurikabe
6113:Nuppeppō
6086:Noderabō
6059:Namahage
6032:Mononoke
5940:Kuzunoha
5895:Kotobuki
5830:Hakuzōsu
5794:Kijimuna
5785:Keukegen
5740:Kamikiri
5720:Nekomata
5711:Bakeneko
5684:Jorōgumo
5675:Jinmenju
5666:Janjanbi
5560:Hinezumi
5461:Furaribi
5418:Dorotabō
5409:Dodomeki
5337:Ayakashi
5202:Akashita
5014:Oto-hime
4996:Momotarō
4987:Kurozuka
4915:Hakuzōsu
4593:Tsuitate
4482:Mitamaya
4468:Kamidana
4454:Getabako
4426:Chabudai
4419:Butsudan
4401:Washitsu
4232:Tsumairi
4218:Tokonoma
4197:Tamagaki
4135:Katsuogi
4128:Katōmado
4058:Karahafu
3968:Butsuden
3959:Buddhist
3794:Zenshūyō
3780:Setchūyō
3757:Buddhist
3679:Hachiman
3503:miyadera
3498:jingū-ji
3483:butsudan
3285:Nichiren
3225:Zenshūyō
3210:Setchūyō
3169:kasatōba
3119:butsuden
2973:katōmado
2952:karahafu
2816:Futomani
2774:Ō-mikuji
2722:Mitamaya
2717:Kamidana
2704:miyadera
2697:jingū-ji
2573:Kannushi
2477:(rocks)
2463:Shinboku
2436:Kunitama
2269:Tenmangū
2242:Jingūkyō
2220:Hachiman
2173:Masakaki
2095:Himorogi
1851:tamagaki
1830:shinboku
1795:katsuogi
1788:katōmado
1774:karahafu
1556:(1999).
1446:"Shishi"
1389:"JAANUS"
1369:Archived
1247:JAANUS,
1232:27152305
1179:Archived
1149:JAANUS,
1137:43485272
1111:(1966).
1053:Iwanami
1026:30232983
878:Buddhism
874:Hinduism
870:syllable
862:Sanskrit
782:See also
739:komatora
602:pair of
570:Mr. Lion
544:and the
314:Goguryeo
243:Silkroad
6864:Wanyūdō
6819:Umibōzu
6801:Ubagabi
6493:Shōkera
6466:Shirime
6439:Shikome
6286:Onikuma
6203:Ōmukade
6005:Mizuchi
5859:Komainu
5821:Kitsune
5776:Kawauso
5693:Jubokko
5657:Isonade
5639:Inugami
5612:Hyōsube
5542:Hibagon
5310:Aonyōbō
5292:Amikiri
5283:Ameonna
5238:Aoandon
5211:Akateko
5193:Akaname
4969:Kintarō
4819:Temples
4814:Shrines
4804:Castles
4748: (
4632:Komainu
4618:Giboshi
4575: (
4565:Shitomi
4544:Jinmaku
4503:Zabuton
4489:Oshiire
4475:Kotatsu
4395:Toilets
4339: (
4294:Nijūmon
4280:Karamon
4107:Hisashi
4065:Mokoshi
4051:Irimoya
3860:Machiya
3833:Secular
3732:Shinmei
3718:Kibitsu
3697:Irimoya
3672:Azekura
3631:Shinden
3605:Hirairi
3577:Azekura
3569:Secular
3462:mokugyō
3342:Jōjitsu
3307:schools
3290:Shingon
3154:gorintō
3053:nijūmon
3048:karamon
2978:mokoshi
2968:komainu
2936:irimoya
2931:hisashi
2836:Hakushu
2736:History
2632:Shinshi
2544:Mikoshi
2527:Omamori
2498:(dolls)
2490:Kannabi
2475:Iwakura
2465:(trees)
2458:Mirrors
2450:Shintai
2421:Oyagami
2406:Dōsojin
2389:Ujigami
2153:Shinsen
2081:Chōzuya
1809:komainu
1781:karamon
1597:Komainu
1544:18 July
1528:30 July
1487:31 July
1460:16 July
1435:16 July
1407:16 July
1249:Komainu
1040:Komainu
993:1178650
882:Jainism
828:Kitsune
823:Chinthe
620:komainu
604:komainu
581:Gallery
564:
546:komainu
538:Okinawa
483:komainu
451:dragons
421:
392:
378:komainu
365:komainu
349:komainu
344:komainu
318:komainu
310:komainu
295:
219:Komainu
213:Origins
208:, China
196:History
165:
136:
118:komainu
114:komainu
95:komainu
88:komainu
35:Komainu
27:komainu
6927:Yobuko
6918:Yanari
6628:Tenome
6619:Tennin
6545:Tanuki
6518:Sōjōbō
6475:Shiryō
6394:Satori
6385:Sankai
6304:Ōnyūdō
6077:Ningyo
6068:Namazu
6050:Mujina
6023:Momiji
5996:Misaki
5958:Mazoku
5931:Kumiho
5850:Kodama
5803:Kinoko
5702:Kaibyō
5630:Ikuchi
5621:Ikiryō
5488:Gagoze
5443:Enenra
5434:Dragon
5301:Aobōzu
5229:Amabie
4764:Ryokan
4757:Kumiko
4586:Sudare
4537:Fusuma
4461:Kamado
4375:Mizuya
4322:Sanmon
4301:Niōmon
4266:Genkan
4211:Tenshu
4204:Tatami
4163:Namako
4142:Kuruwa
4100:Engawa
4045:Hidden
4020:Tahōtō
4000:Pagoda
3922:Honden
3915:Hokora
3908:Heiden
3901:Haiden
3892:Shinto
3874:Yagura
3840:Castle
3746:Taisha
3725:Nagare
3711:Kasuga
3663:Shinto
3645:Sukiya
3617:Jutaku
3598:Giyōfū
3591:Gassho
3562:Styles
3471:Others
3405:Kannon
3367:Sanron
3324:Rinzai
3295:Tendai
3239:Others
3193:Styles
3184:tahōtō
3179:muhōtō
3174:sotōba
3115:hon-dō
3111:kon-dō
3068:sanmon
3058:niōmon
2831:Misogi
2826:Kagura
2688:Hokora
2619:Misaki
2612:Junrei
2507:Bunrei
2264:Tenjin
2123:Ō-nusa
2116:O-miki
2088:Hakama
2049:Others
2017:Saisen
1882:Styles
1701:hokora
1694:Heiden
1687:Haiden
1574:
1564:
1308:Shishi
1274:
1230:
1135:
1091:
1055:Kōjien
1024:
991:
946:
938:
880:, and
838:Xiezhi
542:shishi
333:honden
312:, or "
280:shishi
247:Ashoka
151:un-gyō
99:shishi
85:un-gyō
58:honden
6981:Yūrei
6945:Yōsei
6936:Yōkai
6855:Waira
6810:Ubume
6637:Tesso
6610:Tengu
6509:]
6484:Shōjō
6358:Raijū
6331:Osaki
6295:Onryō
6268:Onibi
6194:Okubi
6185:Okiku
6158:Obake
6041:Mōryō
5949:Kyubi
5922:Kudan
5812:Kirin
5767:Kasha
5749:Kappa
5567:]
5506:Goryō
5425:]
5373:Basan
5220:Akuma
5115:Texts
4771:Sentō
4680:Shaku
4578:washi
4572:Shōji
4558:Noren
4551:Kichō
4530:Byōbu
4496:Tansu
4447:Futon
4389:Shoin
4382:Nando
4353:Rooms
4336:Torii
4329:Sōmon
4315:Sandō
4308:Rōmon
4273:Kairō
4252:Gates
4239:Shibi
4225:Tokyō
4190:Sōrin
4183:Ranma
4121:Irori
4088:Chigi
4013:Shōrō
3989:Kyōzō
3948:Torii
3929:Kofun
3867:Minka
3638:Shoin
3624:Omoya
3362:Ritsu
3357:Kegon
3352:Kusha
3347:Hossō
3319:Ōbaku
3136:shoin
3078:torii
3073:sōmon
3063:rōmon
3018:tokyō
3013:sōrin
3008:shōrō
2998:sandō
2947:kairō
2821:Harae
2809:Rites
2779:Shuin
2565:Staff
2517:Ofuda
2511:Kanjō
2426:Sorei
2179:Washi
2146:Shide
2139:Sanbo
2130:Gohei
2022:Tomoe
2012:Sandō
1865:torii
1858:tokyō
1844:sōrin
1837:shōrō
1767:kairō
1745:chigi
1481:(PDF)
1474:(PDF)
1228:JSTOR
1216:(PDF)
1133:JSTOR
1022:JSTOR
989:JSTOR
969:(PDF)
944:S2CID
936:JSTOR
767:Arita
636:shīsā
524:shīsā
499:sūtra
491:Inari
455:foxes
376:sandō
370:sandō
239:India
122:a-gyō
6873:Yako
6846:Uwan
6349:Ouni
6176:Oiwa
5470:Fūri
5364:Baku
4785:Yabo
4666:Koku
4639:Tōrō
4510:Zafu
4440:Furo
4165:wall
4149:Moya
3853:Kura
3787:Wayō
3584:Buke
3400:Jizō
3314:Sōtō
3280:Jōdo
3246:A-un
3205:Wayō
3164:hōtō
3126:kuri
3023:tōrō
2983:moya
2598:A-un
2580:Miko
2509:and
2448:and
2160:Suzu
1872:tōrō
1572:OCLC
1562:ISBN
1546:2010
1530:2010
1510:2010
1489:2010
1462:2010
1437:2010
1409:2010
1272:ISBN
1151:A un
1089:ISBN
868:, a
599:A-un
561:lit.
556:獅子さん
531:シーサー
521:The
511:Jizō
504:kami
453:and
418:lit.
413:陣内狛犬
389:lit.
384:参道狛犬
363:the
301:lion
292:lit.
186:a-un
181:a-un
162:lit.
149:and
133:lit.
53:lion
6601:Ten
6212:Oni
6104:Nue
4740:Iki
4687:Sun
4659:Ken
4287:Mon
3688:Hie
3305:Zen
3251:ken
3104:-dō
2784:Ema
2102:Jōe
1816:mon
1295:116
1125:doi
1061:広辞苑
981:doi
928:doi
866:Aum
858:Niō
833:Nio
765:in
487:fox
237:or
190:Niō
83:An
7045::
6507:ja
5565:ja
5423:ja
4673:Ri
3975:Dō
3117:,
3113:,
2067:An
1570:.
1520:.
1500:.
1420:.
1323:^
1240:^
1224:80
1222:.
1218:.
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1167:^
1131:.
1121:14
1115:.
1071:^
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1016:.
1012:.
1001:^
987:.
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975:.
971:.
956:^
942:.
934:.
924:27
922:.
918:.
904:^
876:,
769:,
745:狛虎
618:A
577:.
559:,
457:.
416:,
387:,
320:.
290:,
287:獅子
261:.
160:,
157:吽形
131:,
128:阿形
65:.
42:狛犬
4862:e
4855:t
4848:v
4752:)
4581:)
4345:)
3690:)
3546:e
3539:t
3532:v
3121:)
2895:e
2888:t
2881:v
1638:e
1631:t
1624:v
1578:.
1548:.
1532:.
1512:.
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