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Kofi Awoonor

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and avid practitioner of the traditional religion meant that he was of a relict species. Especially for one so highly educated, it was an even rarer phenomenon. That awareness, not only that he was a relict specimen as an individual, but that the entire culture was suffering entropy, may have come through his poems in a manner that would suggest at first that he was writing about his mortal end. Besides the personal and cultural lament, Awoonor also shrewdly decried what he would have considered the decadent spectre of Western influences (religions, social organisation and economic philosophy) on the history and fortunes of African people in general. He would lambast the thoughtless exuberance with which Africans themselves embraced such things, and gradually engineered what he would have considered a self-degradation that went far beyond a loss of cultural identity. He would often construct his writings to look at these things through the lens of his own Ewe culture.
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It is said that Awoonor wrote a great number of his poems as if he was envisioning his own demise. But he is a peculiar and unique writer, one who strives, almost too hard, to bring his ancestry and culture into his poems, sometimes even borrowing words from the local Ewe dialect. Being such a strong
468:, who was attending the same literary festival, has written about meeting him for the first time that day. The Ghanaian government confirmed Awoonor's death the next day. His son Afetsi Awoonor, who had accompanied him, was also shot, but was later discharged from hospital. 788: 796: 398:. Within months he was arrested for helping a soldier accused of trying to overthrow the military government and was imprisoned without trial. His sentence was remitted in October 1976. 1522: 33: 1344: 1527: 950: 1537: 439:
The Breast of the Earth: A Study of the History, Culture, and Literature of Africa South of the Sahara is another work of literary criticism (1975).
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Paula Kahumbu of Princeton University and director of the Story Moja Hay Festival relates her time with Awoonor the Friday evening before his death
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Awoonor was Ghana's ambassador to Brazil from 1984 to 1988, before serving as ambassador to Cuba. From 1990 to 1994, Awoonor was Ghana's
464:, a four-day celebration of writing, thinking and storytelling, at which he was due to perform on the evening of his death. His nephew 278:, present-day Ghana. He was the eldest of 10 children in the family. He was a paternal descendant of the Awoonor-Williams family of 1502: 1333: 1457: 1338: 1133: 734: 1492: 1462: 1065: 1437: 1422: 1081: 345:. He was appointed to the Ghana Film Corporation. He helped to found the Ghana Playhouse, where he played the lead role in 226:
people with contemporary and religious symbolism to depict Africa during decolonization. He started writing under the name
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and then proceeded to the University of Ghana, graduating in 1960. While at university he wrote his first poetry book,
1517: 1507: 1038: 719: 698: 608: 576: 1487: 371: 1432: 453: 449: 243: 239: 1467: 863: 1256: 1209: 1178: 947: 1482: 381:(then called SUNY at Stony Brook) where he obtained his Ph.D. in 1972. While in the United States he wrote 334: 188: 1497: 275: 128: 569:
The Breast of the Earth: A Survey of the History, Culture, and Literature of Africa South of the Sahara
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The early poetry of Awoonor borrows from the Ewe oral tradition. In his critical book Guardians of the
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is rooted in African oral poetry. His early works were inspired by the singing and verse of his native
318: 414: 395: 1360: 1028: 513:(Doubleday, 1971) – poems that explore Awoonor's roots, and the impact of foreign rule in Africa 922: 686: 548: 383: 378: 351: 1274: 490:. Also there was no crying or mourning at his funeral all according to his will before death. 968: 1417: 1412: 703: 183: 8: 1477: 363: 322: 279: 235: 178: 1245:
Republika: Časopis za kulturu i društvena pitanja (Izbor iz novije afričke književnosti)
1381: 789:"Nairobi shopping mall attacks: Kofi Awoonor, Ghanaian poet, killed in Westgate Attack" 726: 418: 82: 1354: 1137: 888: 1061: 1034: 985: 768: 715: 707: 694: 604: 572: 1196: 810: 222:
poet, author and diplomat. His work combined the poetic traditions of his native
1055: 954: 837: 295: 1085: 338: 70: 310:, and he later published translations of the work of three Ewe dirge singers ( 1406: 342: 1296: 1183: 487: 461: 394:
Awoonor returned to Ghana in 1975 as head of the English department at the
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Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience
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He spent the early 1970s in the United States, studying and teaching at
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Postcolonial African Writers: A Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook
465: 307: 170: 162: 1107: 1271:"Kofi Awoonor's new book The Promise of Hope: New and selected poems" 1082:"Permanent Mission of Ghana to the United Nations – Past Ambassadors" 1007:"Kofi Awoonor killed in Kenya mall attack, was Stony Brook professor" 479: 410: 583:
The Ghana Revolution: Background Account from a Personal Perspective
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After graduating in 1960, Awoonor worked as a researcher for the
247: 148: 1252: 32: 1161:"Senior Ghanaian citizen, Awoonor killed in Kenya gun attack" 483: 472: 283: 267: 251: 219: 152: 132: 124: 45: 589:
Ghana: A Political History from Pre-European to Modern Times
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On 21 September 2013, Awoonor was among those killed in an
238:. Professor Awoonor was among those who were killed in the 811:"Somalia's al-Shabab claims Nairobi Westgate Kenya attack" 321:, earning a Master's Degree in 1970. He got his Ph.D. at 1523:
Permanent Representatives of Ghana to the United Nations
769:"Prof. Awoonor dies in Al-Shabab attack in Kenyan Mall" 754:
Hans M. Zell, Carol Bundy & Virginia Coulon (eds),
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While in England, he wrote several radio plays for the
552:(Doubleday, 1971) – a cross between a novel and a poem 535:
The Promise of Hope: New and Selected Poems, 1964–2013
421:, serving in that position from 2009 to January 2013. 556:
Comes the Voyager at Last: A Tale of Return to Africa
1158: 482:and buried at a particular spot in his hometown at 1033:. London: Simon & Schuster. 1999. p. 41. 1197:Kofi Anyidoho, "African Postman: Death of a Poet" 948:"A Tribute to Kofi Awoonor: The Story of Sankofa" 266:George Kofi Nyidevu Awoonor-Williams was born in 1404: 1023: 1021: 1019: 624:(1971). Eds. Kofi Awoonor & G. Adali-Mortty. 529:Until the Morning After: Selected Poems, 1963–85 302:, published in 1964. Like the rest of his work, 1388:Permanent Representative to the United Nations 355:. In the 1960s, he edited the literary journal 1528:Academic staff of the University of Cape Coast 537:(Amalion / University of Nebraska Press, 2014) 407:Permanent Representative to the United Nations 50:Permanent Representative to the United Nations 1136:. University of KwaZulu-Natal. Archived from 1016: 786: 471:Awoonor's remains were flown from Nairobi to 1235: 1233: 1231: 917: 915: 913: 911: 909: 758:, Heinemann Educational Books, 1983, p. 355. 838:"Kofi Awoonor: Remembering a Ghanaian poet" 782: 780: 778: 731:Bedrock: Writers on the Wonders of Geology, 218:; 13 March 1935 – 21 September 2013) was a 886: 756:A New Reader's Guide to African Literature 615: 460:. He was in Kenya as a participant in the 1538:Academic staff of the University of Ghana 1228: 1171: 1159:Emmanuel K. Dogbevi (22 September 2013). 906: 601:The African Predicament: Collected Essays 374:, and began using the name Kofi Awoonor. 1297:"Kofi Awoonor - Poet Kofi Awoonor Poems" 775: 672:Understanding and interpreting his works 628:Guardians of the Sacred Word: Ewe Poetry 433:, he rendered Ewe poetry in translation 409:, where he headed the committee against 312:Guardians of the Sacred Word: Ewe Poetry 1513:Members of the Council of State (Ghana) 1053: 691:West African Poetry: A Critical History 413:. He was also a former Chairman of the 1405: 1126: 957:, Africa is a Country, 1 October 2013. 771:. citifmonline.com. 22 September 2013. 234:. He taught African literature at the 1355:Poem: Songs of Sorrow by Kofi Awoonor 1199:, Petchary's Blog, 18 September 2013. 1179:"My hero: Kofi Awoonor by Nii Parkes" 966: 832: 830: 828: 693:, Cambridge University Press (1986), 882: 880: 878: 876: 402:(1978) is about his time in jail. 282:descent. His grandmother was an Ewe 254:, where he was a participant at the 216:George Kofi Nyidevu Awoonor-Williams 112:George Kofi Nyidevu Awoonor-Williams 16:Ghanaian poet and author (1935–2013) 1453:Alumni of University College London 1328:Report on the death of Kofi Awoonor 887:Foundation, Poetry (3 March 2023). 787:Alice Vincent (22 September 2013). 201:Poet, author, academic and diplomat 13: 1351:newspaper (Nigeria), 18 June 2006. 825: 680: 595:Africa: The Marginalized Continent 14: 1549: 1361:"A Tribute to Prof. Kofi Awoonor" 1321: 1243:[Biographic appendices]. 873: 864:"Ghana Mourns Kofi Awoonor Death" 1084:. United Nations. Archived from 967:Innes, Lyn (23 September 2013). 923:"Kofi Awoonor (Ghanaian author)" 417:, the main advisory body to the 391:, both books published in 1971. 31: 1503:Ghanaian people murdered abroad 1289: 1263: 1202: 1190: 1152: 1100: 1074: 1047: 999: 979: 960: 603:(Sub-Saharan Publishers, 2006; 531:(Greenfield Review Press, 1987) 525:(Greenfield Review Press, 1978) 475:, Ghana, on 25 September 2013. 361:and was an associate editor of 337:and began participating in the 1458:Ambassadors of Ghana to Brazil 1341:, University of KwaZulu-Natal. 988:, Pushpa Naidu Parekh (eds), 940: 856: 803: 761: 748: 714:, Basic Civitas Books (1999), 562: 1: 813:. BBC News. 22 September 2013 741: 658:Had Death Not Had Me in Tears 335:Institute for African Studies 261: 1493:Ghanaian non-fiction writers 1463:Ambassadors of Ghana to Cuba 1273:. Joy Online. Archived from 729:and Judith E. Moores (eds), 630:(1974). Trans. Kofi Awoonor. 289: 230:, and was also published as 189:State University of New York 7: 1438:21st-century Ghanaian poets 1423:20th-century Ghanaian poets 1259:: 1424–1427. December 1978. 1060:. Greenfield Review Press. 655:Lament of the Silent Sister 505:Rediscovery and Other Poems 498: 10: 1554: 1533:University of Ghana alumni 1473:Deaths by firearm in Kenya 1108:"Ghana | General Assembly" 622:Messages: Poems From Ghana 558:(Africa World Press, 1992) 507:(Mbari Publications, 1964) 431:Sacred Word and Ewe Poetry 1448:Alumni of Achimota School 1443:21st-century male writers 1428:20th-century male writers 1393: 1386: 1378: 1373: 996:, Routledge, 1998, p. 53. 541: 424: 328: 319:University College London 317:He studied literature at 205: 197: 169: 158: 138: 107: 102: 98: 88: 76: 66: 55: 43: 39: 30: 23: 1518:People murdered in Kenya 1508:Male non-fiction writers 1210:"Prof. Awoonor cremated" 795:. London. Archived from 735:Trinity University Press 634: 493: 443: 396:University of Cape Coast 1488:Ghanaian murder victims 969:"Kofi Awoonor obituary" 927:Encyclopædia Britannica 616:As editor or translator 325:, in New York in 1972. 228:George Awoonor-Williams 1433:20th-century novelists 1224:– via JoyOnline. 1054:Awoonor, Kofi (1978). 990:"Kofi Awoonor (1935–)" 549:This Earth, My Brother 462:Storymoja Hay Festival 454:Westgate shopping mall 384:This Earth, My Brother 379:Stony Brook University 352:The Lion and the Jewel 256:Storymoja Hay Festival 244:Westgate shopping mall 1468:Awoonor-Renner family 1247:(in Serbo-Croatian). 799:on 23 September 2013. 571:(Anchor Press, 1975; 274:of what was then the 240:September 2013 attack 1367:, 23 September 2013. 1339:Biographical details 1330:, 22 September 2013. 1277:on 26 September 2013 1187:, 28 September 2013. 1057:The House by the Sea 1030:Who Wrote What When? 1013:, 22 September 2013. 953:28 June 2014 at the 946:Nii Ayikwei Parkes, 870:, 25 September 2013. 704:Kwame Anthony Appiah 523:The House by the Sea 400:The House by the Sea 232:Kofi Nyidevu Awoonor 184:University of London 1483:Ghanaian male poets 1241:"Biografski dodaci" 1165:Ghana Business News 1114:. 26 September 2013 1011:Long Island Newsday 844:. 23 September 2013 793:The Daily Telegraph 652:On the Gallows Once 364:Transition Magazine 323:SUNY at Stony Brook 280:Sierra Leone Creole 236:University of Ghana 179:University of Ghana 1498:Ghanaian novelists 1382:James Victor Gbeho 1359:Francis Kwarteng, 1140:on 4 November 2007 727:Eldridge M. Moores 419:president of Ghana 83:James Victor Gbeho 1401: 1400: 1394:Succeeded by 1374:Diplomatic posts 1067:978-0-912678-33-7 1005:Deon J. Hampton, 986:Siga Fatima Jagne 893:Poetry Foundation 862:Jocelyn Edwards, 725:Lauret E. Savoy, 708:Henry Louis Gates 646:Across a New Dawn 511:Night of My Blood 389:Night of My Blood 209: 208: 142:21 September 2013 1545: 1379:Preceded by 1371: 1370: 1312: 1311: 1309: 1307: 1293: 1287: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1267: 1261: 1260: 1237: 1226: 1225: 1223: 1221: 1216:. 4 October 2013 1206: 1200: 1194: 1188: 1175: 1169: 1168: 1156: 1150: 1149: 1147: 1145: 1130: 1124: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1104: 1098: 1097: 1095: 1093: 1078: 1072: 1071: 1051: 1045: 1044: 1025: 1014: 1003: 997: 983: 977: 976: 964: 958: 944: 938: 937: 935: 933: 919: 904: 903: 901: 899: 884: 871: 860: 854: 853: 851: 849: 834: 823: 822: 820: 818: 807: 801: 800: 784: 773: 772: 765: 759: 752: 667:A Death Foretold 415:Council of State 145: 121: 119: 103:Personal details 91: 79: 60: 35: 21: 20: 1553: 1552: 1548: 1547: 1546: 1544: 1543: 1542: 1403: 1402: 1397: 1390: 1384: 1324: 1316: 1315: 1305: 1303: 1295: 1294: 1290: 1280: 1278: 1269: 1268: 1264: 1239: 1238: 1229: 1219: 1217: 1208: 1207: 1203: 1195: 1191: 1176: 1172: 1157: 1153: 1143: 1141: 1132: 1131: 1127: 1117: 1115: 1112:gadebate.un.org 1106: 1105: 1101: 1091: 1089: 1080: 1079: 1075: 1068: 1052: 1048: 1041: 1027: 1026: 1017: 1004: 1000: 984: 980: 965: 961: 955:Wayback Machine 945: 941: 931: 929: 921: 920: 907: 897: 895: 885: 874: 868:Huff Post Books 861: 857: 847: 845: 836: 835: 826: 816: 814: 809: 808: 804: 785: 776: 767: 766: 762: 753: 749: 744: 683: 681:Further reading 674: 661:Songs of Sorrow 643:The Weaver Bird 637: 618: 565: 544: 517:Ride Me, Memory 501: 496: 446: 427: 331: 296:Achimota School 292: 264: 193: 147: 143: 123: 117: 115: 114: 113: 89: 77: 61: 56: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1551: 1541: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1399: 1398: 1396:George Lamptey 1395: 1392: 1385: 1380: 1376: 1375: 1369: 1368: 1357: 1352: 1342: 1336: 1331: 1323: 1322:External links 1320: 1314: 1313: 1288: 1262: 1227: 1201: 1189: 1170: 1151: 1134:"Kofi Awoonor" 1125: 1099: 1088:on 10 May 2009 1073: 1066: 1046: 1039: 1015: 998: 978: 959: 939: 905: 889:"Kofi Awoonor" 872: 855: 824: 802: 774: 760: 746: 745: 743: 740: 739: 738: 723: 722:– p. 153. 701: 682: 679: 673: 670: 669: 668: 665: 662: 659: 656: 653: 650: 647: 644: 641: 636: 633: 632: 631: 625: 617: 614: 613: 612: 598: 592: 586: 580: 564: 561: 560: 559: 553: 543: 540: 539: 538: 532: 526: 520: 514: 508: 500: 497: 495: 492: 445: 442: 426: 423: 330: 327: 291: 288: 263: 260: 207: 206: 203: 202: 199: 195: 194: 192: 191: 186: 181: 175: 173: 167: 166: 160: 156: 155: 146:(aged 78) 140: 136: 135: 111: 109: 105: 104: 100: 99: 96: 95: 94:George Lamptey 92: 86: 85: 80: 74: 73: 71:Jerry Rawlings 68: 64: 63: 53: 52: 41: 40: 37: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1550: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1410: 1408: 1389: 1383: 1377: 1372: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1325: 1319: 1318:Kofi Awoonor 1302: 1298: 1292: 1276: 1272: 1266: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1236: 1234: 1232: 1215: 1214:Daily Graphic 1211: 1205: 1198: 1193: 1186: 1185: 1180: 1174: 1166: 1162: 1155: 1139: 1135: 1129: 1113: 1109: 1103: 1087: 1083: 1077: 1069: 1063: 1059: 1058: 1050: 1042: 1040:0-684-85822-3 1036: 1032: 1031: 1024: 1022: 1020: 1012: 1008: 1002: 995: 991: 987: 982: 974: 970: 963: 956: 952: 949: 943: 928: 924: 918: 916: 914: 912: 910: 894: 890: 883: 881: 879: 877: 869: 865: 859: 843: 839: 833: 831: 829: 812: 806: 798: 794: 790: 783: 781: 779: 770: 764: 757: 751: 747: 736: 732: 728: 724: 721: 720:0-465-00071-1 717: 713: 709: 705: 702: 700: 699:0-521-31223-X 696: 692: 688: 687:Robert Fraser 685: 684: 678: 666: 663: 660: 657: 654: 651: 648: 645: 642: 640:The Cathedral 639: 638: 629: 626: 623: 620: 619: 610: 609:9789988550820 606: 602: 599: 596: 593: 591:(Sedco, 1990) 590: 587: 584: 581: 578: 577:0-385-07053-5 574: 570: 567: 566: 557: 554: 551: 550: 546: 545: 536: 533: 530: 527: 524: 521: 518: 515: 512: 509: 506: 503: 502: 491: 489: 485: 481: 478:His body was 476: 474: 469: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 441: 440: 436: 432: 422: 420: 416: 412: 408: 403: 401: 397: 392: 390: 386: 385: 380: 375: 373: 368: 366: 365: 360: 359: 354: 353: 348: 344: 343:Kwame Nkrumah 341:campaigns of 340: 336: 326: 324: 320: 315: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 287: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 259: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 204: 200: 196: 190: 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 176: 174: 172: 168: 164: 161: 157: 154: 150: 141: 137: 134: 130: 126: 122:13 March 1935 110: 106: 101: 97: 93: 87: 84: 81: 75: 72: 69: 65: 59: 54: 51: 47: 42: 38: 34: 29: 22: 19: 1387: 1364: 1348: 1317: 1304:. Retrieved 1300: 1291: 1281:27 September 1279:. Retrieved 1275:the original 1265: 1248: 1244: 1218:. Retrieved 1213: 1204: 1192: 1184:The Guardian 1182: 1177:Nii Parkes, 1173: 1164: 1154: 1142:. Retrieved 1138:the original 1128: 1116:. Retrieved 1111: 1102: 1090:. Retrieved 1086:the original 1076: 1056: 1049: 1029: 1010: 1001: 993: 981: 973:The Guardian 972: 962: 942: 932:24 September 930:. Retrieved 926: 896:. Retrieved 892: 867: 858: 846:. Retrieved 841: 817:22 September 815:. 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GBN. 1064:  1037:  718:  697:  649:A Call 607:  597:(1994) 585:(1984) 575:  542:Novels 519:(1973) 499:Poetry 450:attack 435:(1974) 425:Poetry 329:Career 214:(born 1249:XXXIV 992:, in 635:Poems 494:Works 484:Wheta 473:Accra 444:Death 284:dirge 268:Wheta 252:Kenya 153:Kenya 133:Ghana 125:Wheta 48: 46:Ghana 1308:2023 1283:2013 1222:2014 1146:2007 1120:2023 1094:2010 1062:ISBN 1035:ISBN 934:2013 900:2023 850:2023 819:2013 716:ISBN 706:and 695:ISBN 605:ISBN 573:ISBN 387:and 139:Died 108:Born 44:8th 1349:Sun 456:in 372:BBC 349:'s 246:in 242:at 224:Ewe 1409:: 1363:, 1347:, 1299:. 1255:, 1230:^ 1212:. 1181:, 1163:. 1110:. 1018:^ 1009:, 971:. 925:. 908:^ 891:. 875:^ 866:, 840:. 827:^ 791:. 777:^ 689:, 437:. 367:. 258:. 250:, 151:, 131:, 127:, 1310:. 1285:. 1148:. 1122:. 1096:. 1070:. 1043:. 975:. 936:. 902:. 852:. 821:. 733:( 611:) 579:) 120:) 116:(

Index


Ghana
Permanent Representative to the United Nations
Jerry Rawlings
James Victor Gbeho
Wheta
Gold Coast
Ghana
Nairobi
Kenya
Nii Parkes
Alma mater
University of Ghana
University of London
State University of New York
Ghanaian
Ewe
University of Ghana
September 2013 attack
Westgate shopping mall
Nairobi
Kenya
Storymoja Hay Festival
Wheta
Volta region
Gold Coast
Sierra Leone Creole
dirge
Achimota School
Ewe people

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