Westgate shopping mall attack

1412:), entered the Urban Burgers restaurant and fired at the patrons, mostly foreign tourists and expats, killing three and injuring numerous others. Dhuhulow had made a phone call to his uncle in Egypt, Abdi Mohammed Dhuhulow, where he claimed responsibility for the ongoing assault. Dhuhulow reportedly told his uncle to watch BBC and Al Jazeera, stating, "I am responsible for that. Say bye to the family." Earlier in the attack, Dhuhulow had been shot in the leg by Constable Ali Miraji, who had initially mistaken the attackers for General Service Unit (GSU) officers. CCTV footage from inside the mall showed Dhuhulow limping with a blood-soaked bandage around his left knee. The attackers had discarded their cell phone numbers two days prior to the siege, but two of their new numbers were traced to a location in Eastleigh and later to Westgate, where they arrived shortly before the attack began. By 1:15 p.m, all four gunmen regrouped together in a supermarket. The militants let an expatriate woman and her two children leave the store, along with an injured Kenyan teenage girl. Shortly after, the militants got into their first major confrontation with armed police, which would continue on throughout the day. Cameras in the mall revealed the gunmen carried 1380: 1368: 1797:

said that they had seen dozens wounded. An unnamed local hospital reported that it was overwhelmed with the number of wounded being brought in and that it had consequently diverted victims to a second facility. At least 71 people were killed, including four terrorists. In addition to numerous Kenyans who were killed, at least 19 foreigners of different nationalities also died. The National Disaster Operation Centre said that the wounded ranged in age from 2 to 78. Sources said 175 people were wounded, including 11 soldiers. There are also claims of torture carried out by the terrorists. Notable victims included Kenyan journalist

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mall. An Artcaffe employee, Patrick Kuria, said: "We started by hearing gunshots downstairs and outside. Later we heard them come inside. We took cover. Then we saw two gunmen wearing black turbans. I saw them shoot." Some of the casualties were at the entrance to the mall after the assailants moved outside and a stand-off then commenced with police. Ambulances were present at the mall as rescuers started moving emerging victims. Reports indicated children were among the victims, and patrons that were carrying small children were among those trapped. Mall security guards used shopping carts to ferry out wounded children.

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ruled that Hussein Hassan Mustafa and Mohammed Ahmed Abdi found guilty of conspiracy to commit a terrorist act. In the case of the third defendant, there was not enough evidence to prove the conspiracy charge, so he was acquitted. Earlier, in January 2019, an accused had also been acquitted in the same case for lack of evidence. However, after proving the prosecution's charge, Otsieno Namwaya, a senior Africa researcher at Human Rights Watch, claimed that neither the attackers nor the masterminds had been brought to justice now, the convicts were only bystanders in the case.

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Abdi, Liban Abdullah, Adnan Ibrahim and Hussein Hassan, they were accused of supporting terrorist elements in Kenya, harboring the gunmen in their homes, illicitly registering as a Kenyan citizen, and obtaining false identification documents. However, none of the men were accused of being the shooters involved in the siege, the latter of whom Kenyan military officials asserted had all died. All four of the accused men pleaded not guilty to the allegations, with no attorney representing them. The court ordered the men to be detained until a hearing in a week's time.

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Kenyans in our land, now it's time to shift the battleground and take the war to their land", said one post. "The attack at #WestgateMall is just a very tiny fraction of what Muslims in Somalia experience at the hands of Kenyan invaders," said another. They warned the Kenyan government that any attempt by Kenyan forces to attempt a roof landing would jeopardise the lives of hostages. Twitter suspended the account before the attack had ended.

250: 478: 458: 439: 429: 403: 396: 379: 368: 222: 191: 169: 5706: 2066: 1186: 1702: 1590: 1734: 1654: 1622: 1355:. He reported his findings through Al-Shabaab’s chain of command who then submitted plans to Al-Shabaab’s senior operations commander, Abdirahman Sandhere and was approved by the emir of Al-Shabaab, Ahmed Godane shortly after. All four attackers arrived around three months before the siege. Adam Garaar was killed after a drone strike on 12 March 2015. Garaar was in a vehicle hit by a missile near the town of 5694: 4938: 1497:, on receiving text messages from his brother Noordin Yusuf Haji, an undercover anti-terrorism agent who was stuck inside the shopping center, travelled to the mall with his handgun and entered with other civilian rescuers. He helped rescue a mother and her three daughters, providing cover with other armed rescuers. Tomasevic's photos of the rescue efforts by civilians were beamed all around the world. 211: 1474:

the first floor, where the Recce Squad and the soldiers mistakenly engaged in a shootout. The commander of the Recce Squad, Martin Munene, was killed, and two officers were injured. In the aftermath, the Recce Squad members withdrew from the operation, followed by the withdrawal of the army, leaving no significant Kenyan presence in the mall for several hours.

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it up to the upstairs parking lot, where a children’s cooking competition was being held. They approached and threw grenades and opened fire indiscriminately. One of the militants said in English: “In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. We’ve come to kill you Christians and Kenyans for what you are doing in Somalia."

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looking to send the message that they are still a force to be reckoned with." The suggestion that there had been a British perpetrator in their ranks was strongly rejected by Al-Shabaab. Kenyan officials later lowered the estimated number of gunmen to four to six militants, when it was previously estimated as ten.

1239:, Kenya. There are conflicting reports about the number killed in the attack, since part of the mall collapsed due to a fire that started during the siege. The attack resulted in 71 total deaths, including 62 civilians, five Kenyan soldiers, and all four gunmen. Approximately 200 people were wounded in the 2006:

condemned the assault and pledged full support to Kenyan authorities in their investigation, offering to deploy an Incident Response Team consisting of specialised forensic officers, counter-terrorism experts, operational assistants and analysts. Noble, in an interview with ABC, indicated that in the

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On 7 October 2020, a Kenyan court sentenced three defendants accused of helping Islamic militants in 2013 in preparation for an attack on Nairobi’s shopping mall. More than 140 witnesses were heard in the case before the verdict was handed down. In the verdict, Nairobi Chief Magistrate Francis Andayi

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reported that Kenya had prior intelligence of an attack in Nairobi, and that there were reports of NIS agents being at Westgate a few hours before the attack. From its start, the investigation was hampered by a wide range of conflicting eyewitness testimony about the number of attackers, the gunmen's

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British police officers based in Kenya arrived on the scene to help Kenyan counter-terrorism officials, and Kenyan officials began an investigation. Security was also tightened in public places across Kenya. Ten arrests were reported on 24 September. In announcing the end of operations, Kenyatta said

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district. They throw three grenades, one hits a nearby coffee shop, while two hit a security booth nearby. The four militants split into pairs. One pair made for the main pedestrian entrance, while the other continued along the front of the building toward the vehicle entrance. Two of the gunman made

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that the attack was in retaliation for Kenyan troops entering Somalia and that the timing was deliberately chosen to be a surprise attack. al-Shabaab repeated their demands for Kenya's withdrawal from Somalia. On the day the operation ended, Rage threatened further "black days" unless Kenya withdrew

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Little is known or confirmed regarding the identites of the remaining attackers. The youngest was reportedly 19 and the oldest was 23. In 2015, Foreign Policy magazine named Ahmed Hassan Abukar as Khattab al-Kene, Mohammed Abdinur Said as Umayr al-Mogadish, and Yahya Ahmed Osman as Omar Nabhan.

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terrorists, all of whom most likely escaped the mall alive. However, an investigation conducted between Kenyan and US State Department officials suggested that while there were only four gunmen who carried out the attack, they were all likely killed during the standoff. Lt. Kevin Yorke of the NYPD's

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An Al-Shabaab team, led by the Somali national Adam Garaar, conducted extensive reconnaissance of the building, noting entrances, exits, security systems, and other details. The mall’s unarmed security guards and casual checks for metal objects made it an attractive target for the group. Garaar, who

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A specialised counterterrorism unit, the Recce Squad, entered through the rooftop car park, while Kenya Defense Force soldiers simultaneously entered from the ground floor. Unfortunately, the two groups were not in communication with each other. This lack of coordination led to a tragic incident on

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Rob Van Dijk, an employee of the Dutch embassy, said that while he was eating at a restaurant the attack started with grenades and was followed by gunfire as patrons screamed and dropped to the ground. Other witnesses said the attack began at the outdoor seating area of Artcaffe at the front of the

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Al Shabaab claimed responsibility shortly after the attack began. Before it was banned, a Twitter account claiming to represent al-Shabaab posted a series of messages alleging that the attacks were "just retribution" for crimes committed by Kenya's military. "For long we have waged war against the

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Kenyan authorities arrested dozens of people in the aftermath of the attack, but had not announced any suspects directly related to the siege. On 4 November 2013, four individuals reported to be Somali nationals were charged by a Kenyan court in relation to the attack. Identified as Mohammed Ahmed

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In the days following the initial attack, Kenyan soldiers arrived at the scene to rescue people inside, and find the gunmen. Shortly after entering, however, soldiers were seen on camera looting almost every store in the mall while still under besiegement. Two soldiers were arrested and jailed for

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During the siege and for days afterwards, the toll of casualties remained unclear. Eyewitnesses were reported to have seen 50 bodies in the mall. In addition, at first there were reported hostages taken by attackers, but later it became apparent no hostages were ever held, other eyewitnesses also

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said that Al-Shabaab was not acting alone and the assault was part of an international campaign of terror; and that "two or three" US citizens and a Briton were among the attackers. "Al-Shabab are looking for relevance on an international scale – especially after a change of leadership – and is

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reported that two unnamed NIS officers had told it that the NIS had passed warnings about an attack to the police, and that a pregnant woman had been warned by her brother, an NIS officer, not to visit the Westgate mall that Saturday "because she would not be able to run with her bulging tummy".

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By nightfall, the mall remained sealed off to the public while security services searched floor by floor for the gunmen, believed to still be inside with the hostages. People continued to trickle out from hiding places. The Kenyan Red Cross said on the 24th of September that 63 people were still

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helped to save lives in the immediate aftermath of the attack. They were working as security consultants and they raced to the Westgate mall when the militants went on the rampage. Under fire, they organised the rescue of terrified shoppers. There are several similarities between this rescue by

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supermarket, where they would remain for the rest of the siege. Kenyan security forces began their operation at 4:00 p.m., almost four hours after the beginning of the attack. Most of the victims were killed in the first hour. Gunmen were seen on CCTV talking on mobile phones and bowing down in

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to try to smoke out the attackers from the cinema complex. Vehicles riddled with bullet holes were left abandoned in front of the mall. Kimaiyo said: "Our officers are on the ground carrying out an evacuation of those inside as they search for the attackers who are said to be inside." A police

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Kenyan authorities arrested dozens of people in the aftermath of the attack, but had not announced any suspects directly related to the siege. On 4 November 2013, a Kenyan court charged four Somali nationals with harbouring the gunmen in their homes, with each pleading not guilty.

1892:, was also involved in the planning and execution of the attack. The 23-year-old Dhuhulow was in 2015 confirmed to have been the perpetrator named as al-Sudani and died during the attack. Having migrated to Norway in 1999, Dhuhulow had previously been under surveillance by PST. 2840: 3562: 1416:

and wore civilian clothing. Police surrounded the area and urged residents to stay away. A report indicated that about 80 people were trapped in the basement, but police said that they had escorted some shoppers to safety and were trying to capture the gunmen.

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It was reported on 10 October that the police, army, and intelligence services had been engaging in "blame games" after the attack. Some international forensic teams had reportedly returned home, frustrated that they were not allowed full access to the mall.

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Intelligence Division also acknowledged that the NYPD investigation, which did not have representatives among the group of western investigators assisting Kenya with the probe, was "based solely on open-source information we gathered and is unclassified."

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On 10 October 2013, it was reported that President Kenyatta had admitted that the Westgate operation was "bungled", and undertook to carry out a complete investigation. The Kenyan Cabinet was expected to establish a formal commission of inquiry.

2149: 1493:, recorded the first few hours of the attacks in which he described extremely distressed people including children, women and men bleeding from the impact of shrapnel and gunshots. Abdul Yusuf Haji, son of former Defence Minister of Kenya 1822:"forensic investigations are underway to establish the nationalities of all those involved" and suggested that a British woman and two or three Americans "may have been involved in the attack" but that could not be confirmed at the time. 2030:

condemned the "heartless acts against defenceless civilians" and pledged to "stand shoulder to shoulder with Kenya." He also cautioned against prejudgement, saying that "we don't have any proof that the people who did this are Somali."

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On Saturday 21 September 2013, at about 12:25pm, at least four masked assailants (initially claimed by the government to be between 10 and 15) jumped out of a silver Mitsubishi Lancer on Mwanzi Road, near the front entrance of the

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in 2011 and began to plan the Westgate attack, securing support from Al-Shabaab’s leadership. The team visited Nairobi several times to inspect the mall and built a network to covertly obtain weapons, ammunition, SIM cards and a

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said Israelis were not targeted. "This time, the story is not about Israel. The minister is saying that this is an internal Kenyan issue. His security forces tell him that this terror organisation was not targeting Israelis."

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officer indicated that there were three bodies there while he pointed to a pool of blood by a children's shoe shop. He then pointed to a hamburger bar where music still played and indicated more bodies were found there.

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magazine reported the Westgate attack on 21 September lasted several hours, with the last victim killed before special Kenyan security forces entered the mall. The mall was officially declared secured on 24 September.

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A separate investigation of the attack was conducted by the New York Police Department (NYPD). The report's findings, released in December 2013, suggested that the attack had been carried out by only four

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claimed that it had seen United Nations documents that warned that in the previous month the threat of an "attempted large-scale attack" in Kenya was "elevated." After the incident, Nairobi senator

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believed to have been used by the four attackers. The shooters were named as Abu Baara al Sudani, Omar Abdul Rahim Nabhan, Khattab al Kene, and Umayr al-Mogadish. Norway's intelligence agency, the

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condemned the attacks and reiterated that the AU would continue in its fight against al-Shabaab. She also expressed the AU's solidarity with the government and people of Kenya. The

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Almost all the shooters were never definitively identified due to the condition that their bodies were found in. On the 5th of October 2015, the Kenyan government released the

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footage showed dozens of people escaping from a back entrance. Twenty people were rescued from a toy shop on the upper floor. As the Kenyan army troops arrived, they used

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At the time of the attacks, the mall was owned by Israelis, and at least four restaurants in the mall were owned/operated by Israelis, according to Israeli sources. The

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also expressed condolences and reiterated support for Kenyan and international efforts "aimed at peacekeeping, stability, democracy and nation-building in Somalia."

2019:, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Serbia, Somalia, Tanzania, the United States, Venezuela, and Trinidad and Tobago. Some restated their condemnation during the 3373: 4657: 4549: 3174: 4487: 4322: 3920: 6854: 4855: 3207: 2765: 1315:

warnings of possible attacks, Kenyan police claimed to have disrupted a major attack in its final stages of planning after arresting two people with grenades,

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Many countries expressed their condemnation of the attacks and sympathy for those affected, including Argentina, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia,

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face of large 'soft' targets, governments have a choice: security clearances at entrances or allow the citizenry to carry guns for self-defence.

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said on national television that Kenya had "overcome terrorist attacks before" and vowed to "hunt down the perpetrators wherever they run".

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The two other gunmen had been shooting at shoppers from the main entrance. One of the gunmen, Abu Baara al-Sudani (later identified as

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was the head of Al-Shabaab’s external operations unit, took advantage of Kenya’s lax security measures and relocated to the town of

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claimed that he had warned the security services of a possible attack three months previously. The country was celebrating the

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stated that Kenya and Israel had a secret security pact. Israeli military advisers were reported to have participated in the

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Most of the victims were from Kenya’s business and political elite, as well as expatriates and the diplomatic community.

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to distinguish Muslims from non-Muslims. They also distinguished Muslims from non-Muslims by asking others to recite the

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condemned the attack and called on Kenya to note that any response must comply with international human rights law.

1083: 6983: 6593: 6583: 6578: 6512: 4550:"Comunicado de prensa del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, rechazando el ataque terrorista perpetrado en Kenia" 3871: 3450: 2047: 885: 765: 4852:"Message de condoléances de SM le Roi au président kényan suite à l'attaque terroriste de Westgate mall à Nairobi" 3843: 3773: 2743: 6978: 6678: 6338: 4690: 1993: 1823: 3635: 2814: 2390: 1461:. To Associated Press, al-Shabaab called it "a meticulous vetting process ... to separate the Muslims from the 6908: 5982: 3194: 2554: 2099: 1514: 1207: 711: 4513: 1801:, President Uhuru Kenyatta's nephew Mbugua Mwangi and his fiancée Rosemary Wahito, Ghanaian poet and diplomat 6167: 6152: 5817: 5792: 5004: 3540: 3431: 2706: 703: 41: 4369: 4282: 3060: 3043: 812: 6774: 6643: 6458: 6117: 5881: 5036: 4319:"The African Union Strongly Condemns the Dastardly Terrorist Attacks against Innocent Civilians in Nairobi" 2358: 1547: 1367: 1171: 1091: 1054: 1044: 940: 226: 6755: 4571: 4267: 1021: 6993: 6666: 6547: 6497: 6343: 6162: 6077: 5892: 5822: 5647: 4999: 2946:

THE INSIDE STORY; Wolves at Westgate [The news behind the news of 2013 terror attack in Westgate]

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Al Shabaab leaders subsequently killed in retaliatory air-strikes (per Kenya's military).

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Al-Shabaab denied that any of the names attributed to any of the attackers are genuine.

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its troops from Somalia and said that the siege was just "a taste of what we will do."

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claimed responsibility for the incident, which it characterised as retribution for the

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true identities, and even their ultimate fates. Over sixty persons were listed by the

6873: 6740: 6648: 6588: 6202: 6182: 6142: 6087: 5942: 5902: 5877: 5728: 5389: 5249: 5174: 2918: 2911:"Westgate mall attack: how Kenya's vibrant media exposed the army's botched response" 2419: 1552: 1389: 1352: 1246: 1228: 1131: 1049: 910: 778: 538: 530: 284: 3249:"Nairobi mall attack: new CCTV footage shows soldiers 'looting from cash registers'" 6824: 6633: 6613: 6473: 6358: 6308: 6303: 6288: 6222: 6207: 6187: 6137: 5927: 5802: 5489: 5399: 5379: 5269: 5144: 4956: 4788: 4119: 3991: 3838: 3726: 3489: 3374:"Kenya shopping centre attack: Ross Langdon identified as Aussie killed in Nairobi" 3324: 2540: 2332:"Nairobi shopping mall attacks: Britons among those caught up in terrorist assault" 2209: 1917: 1839: 1806: 1505: 1500:

Several other armed and unarmed civilians also participated in various rescues. An

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Kenyan authorities had been warned about threat to buildings 'day before attacks'

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General debate of the sixty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly

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against the hostage takers and to have joined in the fighting, although the

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missing. In Nairobi, daily business returned to normal; appeals replenished

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Wright, Tony; Levy, Megan; Butt, Craig; Darby, Andrew (23 September 2013).

3144:"Nairobi Westgate Mall Siege: Israel and Kenya Have 'Secret Security Pact'" 2413: 2071: 2003: 1846: 1802: 1518: 1447:

to leave and that non-Muslims would be targeted. Others were asked to name

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Friendly fire incident kills a police unit commander and injures two more

3952:"Analysis of Al-Shabaab's Attack at the Westgate Mall in Nairobi, Kenya" 2655:

Petrecca, Laura; Bhatti, Jabeen (Associated Press) (21 September 2013).

2557:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Associated Press. 21 September 2013 6067: 5827: 5680: 5354: 5334: 5224: 5204: 5194: 5031: 4658:"Kenya: Napolitano, cordoglio per vittime barbaro attacco terroristico" 4488:"Statement by the Prime Minister of Canada on attack in Nairobi, Kenya" 2725:"Charred bodies from Kenya mall 'highly likely' to be gunmen: lawmaker" 2705:

Gettleman, Jeffrey; Kulish, Nicholas; et al. (21 September 2013).

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Bariyo, Nicholas; Vogt, Heidi; Bryan-Low, Cassell (25 September 2013).

2043: 1526: 1330: 967: 783: 632: 565: 200: 4173:"Kenyan court finds two men guilty over Westgate shopping mall attack" 4061:"Al Shabab Calls for 'Westgate'-Style Attack in U.S., Canada and U.K." 2415:

Inside Al-Shabaab: The Secret History of Al-Qaeda's Most Powerful Ally

1837:(NIS) was strongly criticised for failing to warn of the attack after 6237: 5525: 5314: 5279: 5244: 5119: 5084: 2968:"GSU officer killed at Westgate was preparing to get married: Father" 2744:"Kenya mall attackers talked on cell phone, prayed between shootings" 1852: 920: 679: 3593:"39 killed and more carnage feared as Kenya mall attackers face off" 438: 402: 395: 190: 6750: 6608: 5751: 5545: 5535: 5530: 5479: 5404: 5329: 5294: 5274: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5199: 5114: 5104: 5079: 4370:"World leaders condemn terror attack at Kenya mall, pledge support" 1999: 1805:

and Canadian diplomat Annemarie Desloges. Kenyan interior minister

1529:, and over US$ 650,000 was raised to support the affected families. 1457: 1452: 1436: 1421: 880: 741: 3298:"BBC News – Nairobi attack: British death toll lower than thought" 3160:

Kenya Westgate mall hostage standoff continues; death toll hits 68

2741: 2704: 2555:"Canadians die in Kenya massacre claimed by al-Qaeda-linked group" 2038:

expressed "profound emotion and indignation"; Tanzanian President

6745: 5550: 5469: 5449: 5439: 5434: 5414: 5394: 5339: 5324: 5289: 5284: 5214: 5184: 5159: 5094: 5089: 4979: 4948: 4321:. The African Union Commission. 21 September 2013. Archived from 4238:"Shebab Twitter account suspended after Kenya mall attack claims" 4043:"PST har ventet på FBI. Nå er konklusjonen i Westgate-saken klar" 3636:"Three terrorists down, 11 KDF soldiers injured at Westgate Mall" 2016: 1486: 1397: 1356: 1347: 1300: 1258: 1236: 585: 2998:"Witnessing the Nairobi mall massacre | Photographers Blog" 5540: 5474: 5219: 5209: 5179: 5169: 5134: 5109: 4937: 3276:"Kenyan army admits that soldiers looted Westgate during siege" 3124:"3 Israelis Escape as Nairobi Shopping Center Attack Continues" 1462: 1444: 254: 249: 3657: 3098: 2675:"Kenya forces deployed at Nairobi shopping mall after gunfire" 2329: 5419: 5374: 5344: 5259: 4983: 4691:"Dozens die as Islamic militants attack Kenyan shopping mall" 3748: 3195:

Israeli advisers helping Kenya in mall siege: security source

1316: 1292: 669: 477: 457: 428: 378: 367: 221: 173: 168: 83: 4146:"Westgate: Two found guilty over Kenya shopping mall attack" 2515:"Kenya Says Some Soldiers Looted During Nairobi Mall Attack" 2485:

The attack was a success and resulted in the death of Garar.

210: 5720: 5409: 4807: 4418:"After Westgate, Interpol Chief Ponders 'Armed Citizenry'" 1946:

The attack has been described as one of the worst acts of

1568:

looting mobile phones and several others were questioned.

4225:"Terrorists Challenge Kenyan Government With Mall Attack" 4758:"Bolivarian Government condemns terrorist acts in Kenya" 3992:"Norwegian suspected of being Kenya mall attacker named" 3727:"Upscale mall becomes a war zone in Kenya terror attack" 3686:"Kofi Awoonor, Ghanaian poet, killed in Westgate Attack" 2475:(Press release). US Department of Defense. 18 March 2015 2181:"The September 2013 Terrorist Attack in Kenya: In Brief" 1513:

civilians and members of elite forces and the rescue at

1992:

expressed "alarm" and offered Kenyatta solidarity. The

1559:

refused to confirm or deny the presence of its forces.

4297:"Nairobi Westgate attack: Six Britons believed killed" 3890:"Hard questions emerge over handling of terror attack" 2330:

Pflanz, Mike; Alexander, Harriet (21 September 2013).

1830:, said the attackers were from "different countries." 1375:

helicopter hovers over the Westgate mall, 23 September

1227:

On 21 September 2013, four masked gunmen attacked the

58:

Smoke over Westgate shopping mall on 23 September 2013

27:

2013 terrorist attack in Nairobi, Kenya, by al-Shabaab

4350:. European External Action Service. 22 September 2013 2859:"Botch Kenya Defence Forces Westgate Mall operation?" 4644:"Pres Peres sends condolences to Kenya 22 Sept 2013" 4091:"4 Somalis Charged With Aiding Westgate Mall Attack" 3658:

Peter Walker and Guy Alexander (22 September 2013).

3099:

Stefan Smith and Peter Martell (25 September 2013).

2707:"Gunmen Kill Dozens in Terror Attack at Kenyan Mall" 2061: 1536:

Onlookers during fighting at the Westgate mall area.

4572:"Eritrea condemns al-Shabab attack in Nairobi mall" 4536:"China condemns mall attack by terrorists in Kenya" 3223:"Video shows Kenyan soldiers looting besieged mall" 2147: 1420:All four gunmen ended up inside a storeroom at the 4120:"Westgate siege: Four charged over Nairobi attack" 3814:"Kenyan president announces end to mall bloodbath" 3607: 3432:"Quién era el peruano que mató al Shabab en Kenia" 3101:"Kenyan president announces end to mall bloodbath" 1521:, Britain's highest award for civilian gallantry. 4588:(in Hungarian). 22 September 2013. Archived from 3918: 3541:"NYPD report on Kenya attack isn't US gov't view" 2657:"39 die in Kenya mall siege; hostages still held" 2541:"Nairobi attack: Kenya forces comb Westgate site" 2300:. Kenya High Commission, Tanzania. Archived from 1311:. One week before the incident and a month after 6885: 6820:Videos and audio recordings of Ayman al-Zawahiri 4685: 4683: 4636: 3958: 3399:"Kenyan Forces Say They Rescued 'Most' Hostages" 3391: 2603:"How the terrorists left Eastleigh for Westgate" 4822: 4760:(in Spanish). 23 September 2013. Archived from 4442:(in Spanish). 21 September 2013. Archived from 3919:Ilado, Paul; Kamore Maina (10 September 2013). 3883: 3881: 3879: 3538: 3348: 3070: 2815:"Explosions inside mall as stand-off nears end" 2432: 2178: 1299:, a coordinated military operation in southern 6815:Videos and audio recordings of Osama bin Laden 4830:"Kenyan shopping centre attack leaves 39 dead" 4706: 4704: 4392:"INTERPOL condemns Nairobi terror 'bloodbath'" 4289: 4253:"Kenya forces battle to end deadly mall siege" 3914: 3912: 3766: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3073:"Kenya Minister Says 59 Killed in Mall Attack" 2942: 2885:"Kenya's shambolic response to Westgate siege" 2461: 2236:"Kenya charges four over Westgate mall attack" 1362: 1319:assault rifles, and suicide vests packed with 5736: 5632:United States International University Africa 4964: 4680: 4394:. Interpol. 22 September 2013. Archived from 4283:"Somalia intervention cited for mall assault" 4204:"Gunfire as standoff continues in Kenya mall" 3887: 3799:"Kenya forces say mall siege in final stages" 2629:"Battle for control of Nairobi mall rages on" 2156:. Associated Press. p. 2. Archived from 1257:'s deployment in the group's home country of 1208: 6939:Al-Shabaab (militant group) attacks in Kenya 6924:Attacks on buildings and structures in Kenya 4784:"PM mourns death of 'bright son' of T&T" 3876: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3485:"PM mourns death of 'bright son' of T&T" 2742:Faith Karimi; Lillian Leposo; Nima Elbagir. 2469:"Statement on March 12 Airstrike in Somalia" 2179:Plock-Blanchard, Lauren (14 November 2013). 6919:Attacks on buildings and structures in 2013 4832:. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 19 February 2013 4701: 4268:"Q&A: Al-Shabab defends Nairobi attack" 4085: 4083: 4081: 3909: 3793: 3791: 3312: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2501:"Deadly gunbattle in Nairobi shopping mall" 2411: 1979:Chairperson of the African Union Commission 1303:that was launched against the group by the 5743: 5729: 4971: 4957: 4618:. Press Trust of India. 23 September 2013. 4114: 4112: 2578:"'Close Your Eyes and Pretend to Be Dead'" 2359:"Kenya Starts Probe in Wake of Mall Siege" 1988:offered its support. UN Secretary-General 1215: 1201: 6558:2019 Naval Air Station Pensacola shooting 4896: 4630:"Iran Condemns Terrorist Attack in Kenya" 4280: 4265: 4198: 4196: 4194: 3523: 3471:"At least 68 dead in Nairobi mall attack" 2991: 2989: 2821:. Agence France-Presse. 25 September 2013 2575: 2441:"Al-Shabab Leader Killed in Drone Strike" 2298:"Joint Communique – Operation Linda Nchi" 2264: 2148:Daniel, Douglass K. (21 September 2013). 1504:man, Taff Groves, a former member of the 1468: 1157:October 2017 Kenyan presidential election 6629:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) 4466:"Argentina condena el atentado en Kenia" 4250: 4078: 4037: 4035: 3921:"WESTGATE OPERATION WAS BUNGLED - UHURU" 3788: 3749:"The Economist | Independent journalism" 3729:. inlandnewstoday.com. 24 September 2013 3331: 2643: 2621: 2495: 2493: 2265:McConnell, Tristan (20 September 2015). 1531: 1378: 1366: 4251:Vincenot, Aymeric (22 September 2013). 4109: 3949: 3696: 3683: 3497: 3451:"Cape man killed in Nairobi mall siege" 3358:was invoked but never defined (see the 3341:was invoked but never defined (see the 3121: 3094: 3092: 3090: 2758: 2050:President and Secretary-General of the 1968: 1517:. Troulan was subsequently awarded the 685:Mijikenda Kayas (Fortified settlements) 571:Olorgesailie Aechulean hand axe culture 14: 6886: 6533:2015 Garissa University College attack 4854:(in French). Map.co.ma. Archived from 4744:"US condemns deadly Kenya mall attack" 4712:"Kenyan mall shooting toll reaches 62" 4612:"PM condemns terror attack in Nairobi" 4240:. Fox News Channel. 21 September 2013. 4191: 4170: 3411: 3325:"Nairobi Westgate attack: The victims" 3246: 3172:Israeli commandos join Westgate rescue 3041: 2986: 2908: 2839:Associated Press (26 September 2013). 2795:Salek, Sebastian (22 September 2013). 2766:"Dozens killed in Nairobi mall attack" 2700: 2698: 2696: 2384:"Mike Sonko claims he alerted NSIS..." 2325: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2233: 1540: 1425:Islamic prayer between their attacks. 6513:2008 Islamabad Marriott Hotel bombing 6508:2008 Islamabad Danish embassy bombing 5724: 4952: 4440:"Cancillería condenó ataque en Kenia" 4244: 4032: 3702: 3220: 3071:Jason Straziuso (21 September 2013). 3035: 3022: 2995: 2794: 2490: 2438: 2207: 1117:2010 Kenyan constitutional referendum 1102:2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum 215:National Intelligence Service (Kenya) 135:Partial collapse of the Westgate Mall 70:21 September 2013 – 24 September 2013 7004:Terrorist incidents in Kenya in 2013 6720:Benevolence International Foundation 6173:Ibrahim Sulayman Muhammad al-Rubaysh 5693: 4171:Feleke, Bethlehem (7 October 2020). 3684:Vincent, Alice (22 September 2013). 3585: 3539:Jason Straziuso (13 December 2013). 3448: 3087: 3064: 3023:Laing, Aislinn (26 September 2013). 2290: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 826:Imperial British East Africa Company 6964:Islamic terrorist incidents in 2013 6691:Al-Qaeda in the Indian subcontinent 6469:1998 United States embassy bombings 5798:Ali Sayyid Muhamed Mustafa al-Bakri 5572:Jomo Kenyatta International Airport 4910:. 22 September 2013. Archived from 4776: 4720:. 23 September 2013. Archived from 4604: 4490:. 21 September 2013. Archived from 4362: 4230: 3888:Mukinda, Fred (28 September 2013). 3844:'NIS GAVE ADVANCE WESTGATE WARNING' 3811: 3477: 3412:Murphy, Doyle (23 September 2013). 3353: 3336: 3290: 3122:Yanover, Yori (22 September 2013). 3103:. Yahoo! News. Agence France-Presse 3000:. Blogs.reuters.com. Archived from 2909:Mutiga, Murithi (3 November 2013). 2693: 2576:McConnell, Tristan (13 June 2024). 2389:. 25 September 2013. Archived from 2316: 2208:Okari, Dennis (22 September 2014). 2080:1998 United States embassy bombings 1287:The incident followed threats from 1060:1998 United States embassy bombings 946:Lancaster House Conferences (Kenya) 871:East African campaign (World War I) 24: 6697:Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin 6523:2013 Westgate shopping mall attack 5055: 4978: 3703:Mehta, Diana (22 September 2013). 3569:. Associated Press. Archived from 3449:Legg, Kieran (23 September 2013). 3273: 3042:Howden, Daniel (2 November 2013). 2882: 2856: 2412:Maruf, Harun; Joseph, Dan (2018). 2115:List of Islamist terrorist attacks 2090:2011–14 terrorist attacks in Kenya 998:Gikuyu, Embu, and Meru Association 608:Lothagam North Monumental Cemetery 25: 7020: 6914:21st-century mass murder in Kenya 6850:Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory 6673:Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula 4930: 4878:"Zuma condemns Kenya mall attack" 4806:. Gadebate.un.org. Archived from 4632:. Tasnim News. 22 September 2013. 4586:"A Külügyminisztérium közleménye" 4049:(in Norwegian). 3 September 2015. 3774:"'25 killed' in Kenya mall siege" 2253: 2234:Suarez, K. D. (5 November 2013). 2210:"Westgate's unanswered questions" 2132: 2110:Garissa University College attack 1907: 1477: 1152:Garissa University College attack 931:Nairobi People's Convention Party 675:Thimlich Ohinga stone-built ruins 6869: 6868: 5704: 5692: 4936: 4870: 4844: 4796: 4750: 4736: 4676:(in Serbian). 22 September 2013. 4664: 4660:(in Italian). 22 September 2013. 4650: 4622: 4578: 4564: 4542: 4528: 4506: 4480: 4458: 4432: 4410: 3801:. Al Jazeera. 24 September 2013. 3438:(in Spanish). 24 September 2013. 3354:Cite error: The named reference 3337:Cite error: The named reference 2503:. Al Jazeera. 21 September 2013. 2064: 2048:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 1816: 1780: 1764: 1748: 1732: 1716: 1700: 1684: 1668: 1652: 1636: 1620: 1604: 1588: 1184: 886:Luo Union (Welfare Organisation) 519: 487:62 civilians killed, 163 wounded 476: 456: 437: 427: 401: 394: 385: 377: 366: 349: 333: 317: 298: 289: 278: 259: 248: 237: 220: 209: 199: 189: 179: 167: 152: 52: 6999:September 2013 crimes in Africa 6679:Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb 6639:Yemeni civil war (2014–present) 6339:Muhammad Jafar Jamal al-Kahtani 4943:Westgate shopping mall shooting 4552:(in Spanish). 22 September 2013 4516:(in Spanish). 22 September 2013 4384: 4337: 4311: 4274: 4259: 4255:. Yahoo!. Agence France-Presse. 4218: 4206:. Al Jazeera. 21 September 2013 4164: 4138: 4053: 4010: 3984: 3943: 3855: 3831: 3805: 3741: 3719: 3677: 3651: 3629: 3555: 3463: 3442: 3424: 3405: 3365: 3267: 3247:Pflanz, Mike (3 October 2013). 3240: 3221:Dixon, Robyn (3 October 2013). 3214: 3200: 3188: 3165: 3162:. CBS News (22 September 2013). 3153: 3137: 3115: 3054: 3016: 2960: 2936: 2902: 2876: 2850: 2833: 2807: 2788: 2735: 2717: 2667: 2631:. Al Jazeera. 23 September 2013 2595: 2569: 2547: 2533: 2507: 2405: 2376: 1994:United Nations Security Council 1875: 18:Westgate shopping mall shooting 7009:Terrorist incidents in Nairobi 6604:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 5983:Mohammad Hasan Khalil al-Hakim 3543:. Associated Press, Yahoo News 3401:. ABC News. 22 September 2013. 3197:. Reuters (22 September 2013). 2943:KTN News Kenya (20 May 2014). 2439:Regan, Helen (19 March 2015). 2350: 2273: 2227: 2201: 2188:Congressional Research Service 2172: 1916:The group official spokesman, 1515:Nairobi DusitD2 complex attack 1340: 1337:when the incident took place. 712:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea 13: 1: 6974:Marketplace attacks in Africa 6934:Attacks on tourists in Africa 6904:2013 mass shootings in Africa 6518:2013 In Amenas hostage crisis 6168:Othman Ahmad Othman al-Ghamdi 6153:Adnan Gulshair el Shukrijumah 5818:Mohammed Showqi Al-Islambouli 5793:Abu Ubaidah Youssef al-Annabi 4673:Саучешће МСП Републици Кенији 3954:. New York Police Department. 3210:. Jta.org. 24 September 2013. 2125: 1835:National Intelligence Service 1571: 1282: 1127:Westgate shopping mall attack 35:Westgate shopping mall attack 6775:Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit 6644:Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen 6594:Afghan Civil War (1996–2001) 6584:Afghan Civil War (1992–1996) 6579:Afghan Civil War (1989–1992) 5750: 3509:International Business Times 3148:International Business Times 3075:. ABC News. Associated Press 2418:. Indiana University Press. 2042:and South African President 1936: 1548:International Business Times 1172:Presidency of Uhuru Kenyatta 1092:2002 Kenyan general election 1055:1997 Kenyan general election 1045:1992 Kenyan general election 941:Kenya African National Union 227:General Service Unit (Kenya) 7: 6548:2016 Grand-Bassam shootings 6528:2015 Charlie Hebdo shooting 6344:Mohamed Atiq Awayd Al Harbi 6163:Harith bin Ghazi al-Nadhari 5893:Qaed Salim Sinan al-Harethi 5823:Abdukadir Mohamed Abdukadir 4420:. ABC News. 21 October 2013 2057: 1952:bombing of the U.S. embassy 1941: 1363:Shootings and initial siege 1291:in late 2011 of attacks in 1008:Presidency of Jomo Kenyatta 766:Portuguese and Omani period 576:Kariandusi prehistoric site 10: 7025: 6959:Islamic terrorism in Kenya 6944:Deaths by firearm in Kenya 6799:Global Islamic Media Front 6619:War in North-West Pakistan 6493:2004 Madrid train bombings 5988:Fahid Mohammed Ally Msalam 5913:Muhsin Musa Matwalli Atwah 2521:. Reuters. 29 October 2013 1562: 1335:International Day of Peace 1167:COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya 6929:Attacks on shopping malls 6865: 6837: 6807: 6756:Fatawā of Osama bin Laden 6733: 6712: 6659: 6566: 6483:2001 September 11 attacks 6457: 6382: 6364:Muhanad Mahmoud Al Farekh 6271: 6118:Ibrahim Haji Jama Mee'aad 5993:Sheikh Ahmed Salim Swedan 5860: 5851: 5773:Abd al-Rahman al-Maghribi 5758: 5689: 5658: 5640: 5592: 5585: 5564: 5513: 5067: 5053: 4990: 3849:26 September 2013 at the 3812:PTI (25 September 2013). 3641:28 September 2013 at the 3378:The Sydney Morning Herald 3327:. BBC. 23 September 2013. 3177:27 September 2013 at the 2772:. Reuters. Archived from 2543:. BBC. 24 September 2013. 2100:2019 Nairobi hotel attack 2010: 1383:Onlookers on a hotel roof 1137:Presidency of Mwai Kibaki 988:'Little general election' 491: 486: 466: 446: 417: 271: 145: 62: 51: 39: 34: 6954:Hostage taking in Africa 6543:2016 Ouagadougou attacks 6538:2015 Bamako hotel attack 6078:Muhammad Sa'id Ali Hasan 6028:Ahmed Mohammed Hamed Ali 5788:Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil 4672: 4372:. CNN. 18 September 2013 4299:. BBC. 23 September 2013 4227:. PBS, 24 September 2013 3617:. CNN. 22 September 2013 3595:. CNN. 21 September 2013 3300:. BBC. 26 September 2013 1557:Israeli Foreign Ministry 1070:Presidency of Daniel Moi 1035:1982 coup d'état attempt 789:East African slave trade 690:Indian Ocean trade route 6984:Mass shootings in Kenya 6438:Abu Sulayman al-Muhajir 6390:Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri 6329:Mustafa Setmariam Nasar 6294:Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri 6258:Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah 6053:Fazul Abdullah Mohammed 5948:Abu Sulayman Al-Jazairi 5701:at Wikimedia Commons . 5671:Nairobi National Museum 5577:Mombasa–Nairobi Railway 2363:The Wall Street Journal 2095:2013 Nairobi bus attack 1918:Sheikh Ali Mohamud Rage 1489:chief photographer for 1451:of the Islamic prophet 1443:The attackers had told 1107:2007-2008 Kenyan crisis 960:Early post-independence 813:British colonial period 339:Umayr al-Mogadish 6979:Mass murder in Nairobi 6969:Israel–Kenya relations 6781:Management of Savagery 6725:Al-Haramain Foundation 6685:Egyptian Islamic Jihad 6432:Abu Omar al-Turkistani 6414:Abu Mohammad al-Julani 6299:Khalid Sheikh Mohammed 6178:Nasser bin Ali al-Ansi 6003:Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan 5898:Mustafa Mohamed Fadhil 5061: 4514:"Comunicado de prensa" 3150:. (22 September 2013). 2819:The New Zealand Herald 2036:Mohammed VI of Morocco 1982:Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma 1537: 1506:Irish Army Ranger Wing 1469:Friendly fire incident 1390:Westgate shopping mall 1384: 1376: 1272:On 20 September 2015, 1229:Westgate shopping mall 1132:2014 Mpeketoni attacks 544:List of years in Kenya 482:: 5 killed, 12 wounded 272:Commanders and leaders 6909:2013 murders in Kenya 6713:Charity organizations 6693:(Indian subcontinent) 6503:2007 Algiers bombings 6402:Mahfouz Ould al-Walid 6123:Abu Mansoor Al-Amriki 6008:Abdullah Said al Libi 5610:Strathmore University 5600:University of Nairobi 5059: 3870:, 28 September 2013, 3842:, 26 September 2013, 2473:Release No: NR-089-15 2387:The Kenyan Daily Post 2028:Hassan Sheikh Mohamud 1535: 1382: 1370: 1359:in southern Somalia. 1003:Josiah Mwangi Kariuki 896:Kenya in World War II 467:Casualties and losses 391:Julius Waweru Karangi 383:William Saiya Aswenje 355:Khattab al-Kene 205:Administration Police 6498:2005 London bombings 6420:Abu Maria al-Qahtani 6408:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi 6396:Abu Ubaidah al-Masri 6279:Mamdouh Mahmud Salim 6193:Abu Khalil al-Madani 6113:Abdelhamid Abou Zeid 6058:Atiyah Abd al-Rahman 5918:Abu Musab al-Zarqawi 5060:Nairobi Coat of Arms 4945:at Wikimedia Commons 4914:on 27 September 2013 4908:Sahara Press Service 4884:on 27 September 2013 4810:on 27 September 2012 4792:. 23 September 2013. 4724:on 27 September 2013 4697:. 21 September 2013. 4592:on 28 September 2013 4494:on 25 September 2013 4446:on 26 September 2013 4398:on 26 September 2013 4325:on 25 September 2013 3707:. The Canadian Press 3573:on 28 September 2013 3493:. 23 September 2013. 3004:on 24 September 2013 2956:– via YouTube. 2776:on 22 September 2013 2393:on 28 September 2013 2160:on 22 September 2013 2085:2002 Mombasa attacks 1969:International bodies 1890:Hassan Abdi Dhuhulow 1824:Kenyan Defence Chief 1787:Trinidad and Tobago 1410:Hassan Abdi Dhuhulow 1326:The Sunday Telegraph 1309:Kenya Defence Forces 1297:Operation Linda Nchi 1263:Operation Linda Nchi 1162:2018 Kenya handshake 1122:Operation Linda Nchi 983:Kenya People's Union 861:Kenya-Uganda Railway 841:Kenya-Uganda Railway 195:Kenya Police Service 185:Kenya Defence Forces 105:1.25694°S 36.80333°E 6426:Ahmad Salama Mabruk 6354:Sulaiman Abu Ghaith 6349:Younis al-Mauritani 6334:Abdul Hadi al Iraqi 6263:Abu Muhsin al-Masri 6248:Abdelmalek Droukdel 6108:Farman Ali Shinwari 6098:Abu-Zaid al Kuwaiti 5973:Abu Zubair al-Masri 5938:Abu Talha al-Sudani 5605:Kenyatta University 4764:on 27 February 2014 4468:. 21 September 2013 3690:The Daily Telegraph 3615:"Kenya mall attack" 3567:The Washington Post 3511:. 21 September 2013 2857:WAWERU, By KIUNDU. 2681:. 21 September 2013 2336:The Daily Telegraph 2154:The Washington Post 1541:Israeli involvement 1305:Somali Armed Forces 1295:in retaliation for 1265:from 2011 to 2012. 936:The Kennedy Airlift 901:Kenya African Union 866:Mekatilili Wa Menza 856:British East Africa 821:Johann Ludwig Krapf 704:Swahili city-states 618:Elmenteitan Culture 613:Kalokol Pillar Site 566:Koobi Fora Hominins 434:Kenya Army Infantry 406:Martin Munene 305:Abu Baara al Sudani 101: / 6994:Massacres in Kenya 6599:Second Chechen War 6553:2016 Bamako attack 6488:2002 Bali bombings 6324:Abu Faraj al-Libbi 6218:Abu Khayr al-Masri 6213:Mokhtar Belmokhtar 6158:Adam Yahiye Gadahn 6148:Abu Yusuf Al-Turki 6133:Abu Khalid al-Suri 6103:Said Ali al-Shihri 6043:Huthaifa al-Batawi 6033:Mohamed Abul-Khair 5933:Abu Yaqub al-Masri 5838:Abu Humam al-Shami 5813:Abu Walid al-Masri 5627:Daystar University 5062: 4858:on 12 October 2013 4066:. 23 February 2015 3931:on 12 October 2013 3456:Independent Online 2996:Tomasevic, Goran. 2731:. 18 October 2013. 2711:The New York Times 2609:. 27 November 2020 2519:The New York Times 2120:Terrorism in Kenya 2002:Secretary-General 1948:terrorism in Kenya 1799:Ruhila Adatia-Sood 1538: 1495:Mohamed Yusuf Haji 1385: 1377: 1371:A Kenyan military 1065:Terrorism in Kenya 851:German East Africa 737:History of Malindi 732:History of Mombasa 623:Cushitic expansion 323:Omar Nabhan 110:-1.25694; 36.80333 80:Westlands, Nairobi 46:Terrorism in Kenya 6989:Massacres in 2013 6881: 6880: 6874:Category:Al-Qaeda 6741:Al Qaeda Handbook 6649:Houthi insurgency 6589:First Chechen War 6574:Soviet–Afghan War 6453: 6452: 6203:Abu Firas al-Suri 6183:Nasir al-Wuhayshi 6143:Ahmed Abdi Godane 6088:Abu Yahya al-Libi 5943:Abu Laith al-Libi 5903:Haitham al-Yemeni 5878:Ayman al-Zawahiri 5718: 5717: 5654: 5653: 4941:Media related to 4616:Business Standard 4126:. 4 November 2013 4097:. 4 November 2013 4020:. 18 October 2013 3998:. 17 October 2013 3050:. 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1908:Responsibility 1906: 1877: 1874: 1828:Julius Karangi 1818: 1815: 1792: 1791: 1788: 1776: 1775: 1772: 1760: 1759: 1756: 1744: 1743: 1740: 1728: 1727: 1724: 1712: 1711: 1708: 1696: 1695: 1692: 1680: 1679: 1676: 1664: 1663: 1660: 1648: 1647: 1644: 1632: 1631: 1628: 1616: 1615: 1612: 1600: 1599: 1596: 1584: 1583: 1580: 1573: 1570: 1564: 1561: 1542: 1539: 1479: 1478:Rescue efforts 1476: 1470: 1467: 1414:assault rifles 1364: 1361: 1342: 1339: 1313:United Nations 1284: 1281: 1275:Foreign Policy 1223: 1222: 1220: 1219: 1212: 1205: 1197: 1194: 1193: 1180: 1179: 1175: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1142:Uhuru Kenyatta 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1088: 1087: 1084:Recent history 1082: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1073: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1026: 1025: 1020: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1011: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 973:Pio Gama Pinto 970: 964: 963: 958: 957: 954: 953: 949: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 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Mfa.gov.il. 4645: 4639: 4631: 4625: 4617: 4613: 4607: 4591: 4587: 4581: 4573: 4567: 4551: 4545: 4538:. GlobalPost. 4537: 4531: 4515: 4509: 4493: 4489: 4483: 4467: 4461: 4445: 4441: 4435: 4419: 4413: 4397: 4393: 4387: 4371: 4365: 4346: 4340: 4324: 4320: 4314: 4298: 4292: 4285:. Al Jazeera. 4284: 4277: 4270:. Al Jazeera. 4269: 4262: 4254: 4247: 4239: 4233: 4226: 4221: 4205: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4178: 4174: 4167: 4151: 4147: 4141: 4125: 4121: 4115: 4113: 4096: 4092: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4065: 4062: 4056: 4048: 4044: 4038: 4036: 4019: 4013: 3997: 3993: 3987: 3971: 3967: 3961: 3953: 3950:Kevin Yorke. 3946: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3915: 3913: 3897: 3896: 3891: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3873: 3869: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3852: 3848: 3845: 3841: 3840: 3834: 3819: 3818:@businessline 3815: 3808: 3800: 3794: 3792: 3775: 3769: 3754: 3753:The Economist 3750: 3744: 3728: 3722: 3706: 3699: 3691: 3687: 3680: 3665: 3661: 3654: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3637: 3632: 3616: 3610: 3594: 3588: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3558: 3542: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3510: 3506: 3500: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3480: 3472: 3466: 3458: 3457: 3452: 3445: 3437: 3433: 3427: 3419: 3415: 3408: 3400: 3394: 3379: 3375: 3368: 3361: 3351: 3344: 3334: 3326: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3299: 3293: 3277: 3270: 3254: 3250: 3243: 3228: 3224: 3217: 3209: 3203: 3196: 3191: 3184: 3180: 3176: 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