78:
1748:
1760:
1142:
1485:
3766:
1784:
1801:
1233:
173:
1813:
92:
595:
1825:
648:
609:
1410:
766:
3536:
3522:
1130:
1772:
5815:
5804:
634:
2205:
954:
1916:(Austria is to rule the whole world). But in the book of the same author, another page in Latin "En, amor electis, iniustis ordinor ultor; Sic Fridericus ego mea iura rego" (En, the love of the elect, I am ordered to avenge the unjust; Thus, Frederick, I rule my rights) There are also others, but like House of Savoy's
162:
161:
160:
159:
163:
158:
157:
1122:
Von Schönhals further noted that the
Austrians mistrusted and refused the local aristocrats from high government offices, as they traditionally had rejected university education and had been able to gain leadership positions because of their family background. Consequently, the aristocrats saw
156:
1099:
of the kingdom. Civil servants employed in the administration were predominantly
Italian, with only about 10% of them being recruited from other regions of the Austrian Empire. Some bilingual Italian-German-speaking civil servants came from the neighbouring
3488:
1086:
The administration used
Italian as its language in its internal and external communications and documents, and the language's dominant position in politics, finance or jurisdiction was not questioned by the Austrian officials. The Italian-language
1104:. The German language, however, was the command language of the military, and top police officials were native German-speakers from other parts of the empire. The highest governorships were also reserved for Austrian aristocrats.
154:
3518:
1047:
Lombardy included the provinces of Milan, Como, Bergamo, Brescia, Pavia, Cremona, Mantua, Lodi-Crema, and
Sondrio. Venetia included the provinces of Venice, Verona, Padua, Vicenza, Treviso, Rovigo, Belluno, and Udine.
155:
1669:
1055:
Administration of
Statistics in 1855, the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia then had a population of 5,024,117 people, consisting of the following ethnic groups: 4,625,746 Italians (Lombard-Venetians); 351,805
1693:
1141:
1602:
1729:
1717:
1723:
1644:
1632:
1148:
172:
2242:
1687:
1590:
3510:
1038:) in its two parts, which officially were declared separate crown lands in 1851. Each part was further subdivided into several provinces, roughly corresponding with the
4026:
1711:
1663:
1584:
1022:. The territory of Venetia and Mantua was formally transferred from Austria to France, and then handed over to Italy on 19 October 1866, for diplomatic reasons; a
1681:
1650:
1608:
2121:
1123:
themselves deprived of the possibility of establishing themselves in the management of society and supported the wars of independence against the
Austrians.
1705:
1675:
2151:
5879:
1111:
wrote in his memoirs that the
Austrian administration enjoyed the support of the rural population and the middle class educated at the universities of
77:
2235:
136:
2152:
Boaglio, Gualtiero. 2003. 6. Language and power in an
Italian crownland of the Habsburg Empire: The ideological dimension of diglossia in Lombardy
4874:
3503:
5874:
2070:
2039:
2010:
1981:
1952:
1863:
886:. The crown was subsequently brought to Vienna after the loss of Lombardy in 1859 but was restored to Italy after the loss of Venetia in 1866.
4906:
3648:
5537:
4889:
3623:
2228:
2209:
1747:
942:. The office was initially assumed by Field Marshal Radetzky - upon his retirement in 1857, it passed to Franz Joseph's younger brother
5501:
4431:
3496:
1423:
1638:
5849:
5635:
3817:
5839:
5542:
1759:
5107:
4235:
3904:
3765:
3643:
2593:
91:
5884:
4319:
3691:
5864:
5785:
4948:
1886:
749:. Lombardy-Venetia was finally dissolved in 1866 when its remaining territory was incorporated into the recently proclaimed
5582:
4857:
4665:
3899:
2895:
2613:
1614:
1181:
5869:
4911:
4774:
4240:
4199:
3720:
3408:
3151:
3099:
995:
924:
746:
1537:
1254:
5630:
5215:
4842:
4675:
4436:
4214:
4204:
3879:
3568:
3290:
2961:
1278:
967:
742:
345:
1800:
1783:
4862:
4837:
4680:
4209:
3914:
3884:
3839:
3402:
3010:
2098:
2088:
1382:
1015:
754:
381:
5234:
4515:
4401:
3712:
3563:
2251:
2125:
1374:
1153:
369:
5358:
5270:
5117:
5112:
4943:
3774:
889:
Though the local administration was
Italian in language and staff, the Austrian authorities had to cope with the
1129:
931:(24–25 July 1848), entered Milan (6 August) and Venice (24 August 1849), and once again restored Austrian rule.
5844:
5306:
4894:
4371:
4173:
4082:
3981:
3929:
3396:
3300:
3244:
2402:
1484:
1348:
1302:
1213:
1090:
875:
850:, which remained independent entities under Habsburg rule. The Austrian emperor was represented day-to-day by
5557:
5388:
5275:
4806:
4801:
3827:
3653:
3553:
3285:
3219:
3018:
2750:
2673:
2524:
1620:
727:
600:
357:
938:
ruled over the kingdom for the rest of its existence. The office of viceroy was abolished and replaced by a
5859:
5854:
5316:
5255:
5240:
5092:
4953:
4406:
4097:
3792:
1812:
1507:
1023:
1075:
For the first time since 1428, Lombardy reappeared as an entity, the first time in history that the term "
5660:
5378:
5224:
5006:
4916:
4816:
4702:
4670:
4355:
4276:
3854:
3730:
3414:
3366:
3057:
2544:
2184:"'Erinnerungen eines österreichischen Veteranen aus dem italienischen Kriege der Jahre 1848 und 1849. 2'"
2165:"'Erinnerungen eines österreichischen Veteranen aus dem italienischen Kriege der Jahre 1848 und 1849. 1'"
1322:
315:
1824:
5889:
5715:
5343:
5163:
5070:
5043:
4978:
4852:
4386:
4312:
4183:
3934:
3889:
3755:
3684:
3360:
3354:
3305:
3295:
2725:
2710:
2573:
1699:
1578:
1548:
1232:
920:
843:
715:
393:
3628:
1014:. However, remaining Venetia and Mantua likewise fell to the Kingdom of Italy in the aftermath of the
882:
ruled from 1835 to 1848. In Milan on 6 September 1838, he became the last king to be crowned with the
5894:
5745:
5511:
5434:
5398:
4416:
4381:
4376:
4168:
3894:
3472:
2755:
1465:
935:
5760:
5750:
5730:
5700:
5655:
5353:
5195:
5127:
5097:
5077:
4958:
4634:
4599:
4396:
3802:
3378:
2730:
2583:
2519:
2054:
928:
272:
5640:
5403:
5260:
5230:
5205:
5122:
5082:
5021:
4920:
4685:
4655:
4147:
4137:
3869:
3638:
3466:
3141:
3033:
2995:
2490:
2420:
1498:
1366:
1185:
562:
499:
3874:
5338:
5326:
5102:
5087:
4779:
4421:
4178:
3745:
3633:
3426:
3372:
3320:
3310:
3146:
3089:
2760:
2183:
2164:
1556:
1390:
1019:
943:
883:
879:
839:
824:
797:
556:
486:
303:
5645:
5572:
5552:
5466:
5415:
5173:
5153:
4963:
4557:
4525:
4411:
4391:
4305:
4219:
3991:
3822:
3677:
3390:
3234:
3186:
3172:
3000:
2740:
2653:
2603:
2282:
2265:
1040:
915:
614:
1108:
5496:
5311:
5200:
5178:
4832:
4730:
4614:
4482:
3971:
3700:
3588:
3438:
3315:
3254:
3239:
3162:
3126:
3082:
3072:
2850:
2822:
2628:
2472:
2370:
2314:
813:
800:
in 1814, the
Austrians had confirmed their claims to the territories of the former Lombard
738:
627:
460:
405:
291:
2215:
8:
5780:
5770:
5725:
5491:
5456:
5451:
5168:
4789:
4725:
4645:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4052:
3859:
3812:
3797:
3782:
3583:
3558:
3460:
3191:
3094:
3077:
3067:
2922:
2845:
2668:
2663:
2598:
2498:
2408:
1771:
1432:
1116:
1112:
987:
971:
890:
473:
1936:
1034:
Administratively the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia comprised two independent governments (
5755:
5740:
5720:
5577:
5518:
5471:
5393:
5250:
5220:
5210:
5185:
5158:
5065:
5058:
4994:
4750:
4745:
4462:
4117:
4107:
4036:
4001:
3844:
3598:
3573:
3548:
3384:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3249:
3214:
3209:
3167:
3131:
2990:
2885:
2807:
2780:
2720:
2623:
2608:
2446:
2426:
2090:
Diglossia and Power: Language Policies and Practice in the 19th Century Habsburg Empire
2064:
2033:
2004:
1975:
1946:
1857:
1409:
1356:
1172:
1096:
1052:
898:
835:
820:
723:
711:
443:
430:
4062:
3669:
5705:
5695:
5567:
5481:
5446:
5373:
5363:
5141:
5011:
4925:
4755:
4735:
4709:
4697:
4492:
4487:
4472:
4467:
4452:
4281:
4271:
4092:
4072:
3924:
3658:
3613:
3603:
3593:
3229:
3224:
3157:
3116:
3110:
2951:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2658:
2638:
2588:
2578:
2559:
2094:
1882:
1061:
947:
816:
805:
265:
237:
233:
177:
The Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia (green) and the Austrian Empire (light green) in 1815
117:
5775:
5597:
5547:
5528:
5523:
5476:
5383:
5321:
5301:
5289:
5245:
5048:
5028:
5016:
4879:
4760:
4477:
4340:
4332:
4102:
4016:
4011:
3996:
3976:
3950:
3864:
3849:
3618:
3446:
3028:
3023:
2946:
2880:
2875:
2745:
2715:
2683:
2539:
2484:
2463:
2441:
2220:
2139:
1596:
999:
975:
939:
765:
750:
691:
641:
456:
241:
229:
36:
4847:
1051:
According to the Ethnographic map of Karl von Czoernig-Czernhausen, issued by the
5685:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5562:
5486:
5348:
4867:
4765:
4650:
4550:
4457:
4142:
4112:
4031:
3919:
3608:
3535:
3530:
3521:
2969:
2937:
2932:
2912:
2775:
2735:
2705:
2688:
2648:
2633:
2618:
2549:
2534:
2451:
2431:
2304:
1901:
1101:
1065:
1003:
809:
707:
255:
245:
190:
50:
2827:
1079:" was officially used to call specifically that entity and not for the whole of
5818:
5765:
5735:
5680:
5587:
5461:
5408:
5368:
5038:
5033:
4884:
4784:
4740:
4692:
4640:
4594:
4562:
4520:
4497:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4077:
4067:
3909:
3750:
3724:
3452:
3348:
3342:
2942:
2917:
2790:
2785:
2770:
2765:
2700:
2695:
2678:
2643:
2436:
2414:
2358:
2297:
1909:
1626:
1080:
847:
831:
801:
719:
679:
186:
5833:
5690:
5331:
4901:
4589:
4567:
4426:
4021:
4006:
3986:
3955:
3807:
3136:
2974:
2478:
2352:
2324:
1564:
830:
The Congress of Vienna combined these lands into a single kingdom, ruled in
5808:
5615:
5420:
5190:
4794:
4660:
4609:
4584:
4163:
4057:
3834:
3740:
2509:
2364:
2344:
991:
781:
733:
The kingdom would cease to exist within the next fifty years—the region of
5710:
5650:
5620:
4973:
4604:
4087:
3062:
2927:
919:(Venice Provisional Government). The Austrian forces under Field Marshal
4968:
4577:
4286:
3526:
897:) movement. After a popular revolution on 22 March 1848, known as the "
703:
111:
3787:
2329:
5625:
5610:
5605:
5506:
4540:
4535:
3047:
2529:
2334:
2277:
1076:
734:
1994:
1850:
Leitfaden bei dem Unterricht in der vergleichenden Erdbeschreibung
823:, which had been under Austrian rule intermittently upon the 1797
4572:
4297:
2309:
2270:
1007:
851:
326:
5265:
2817:
2204:
1057:
1011:
983:
979:
910:
863:
855:
785:
774:
770:
710:
from 1815 to 1866. It was created in 1815 by resolution of the
212:
950:), who served as governor-general in Milan from 1857 to 1859.
4545:
4328:
2795:
2319:
2292:
902:
859:
666:
203:
1795:
Coats of Arms of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (1815–1866)
1742:
Official Flag of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (1815–1866)
5053:
4530:
2287:
1917:
1069:
874:
The Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia was first ruled by Emperor
953:
1119:, who were able to pursue careers in the administration.
3699:
2122:"21st-22nd October 1866: annexation of Veneto to Italy"
2086:
784:
of Lombardy-Venetia (1834) – Weltliche Schatzkammer in
753:
following the kingdom's victory against Austria in the
1026:
marked the Italian annexation on 21–22 October 1866.
2250:
1647:
1851–1857 (with the title of Lieutenant of Lombardy)
4812:
Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
16:
Constituent land of the Austrian Empire (1815–1866)
1147:Ethnographic map of the Austrian Empire (1855) by
913:also rose against the Austrian rule, forming the
909:(Lombardy Provisional Government). The next day,
819:the dynasty from 1708 to 1796, and of the former
5831:
1965:
3436:
2093:. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 199–200.
1670:Ferdinand Ernst Maria von Bissingen-Nippenburg
4313:
3685:
3649:Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar
3504:
2236:
1088:
145:
134:
28:
2639:Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia)
957:Lombardy–Venetia (1853) and its major cities
97:
83:
57:
42:
1995:Francis Young & W.B.B. Stevens (1864).
878:from 1815 until his death in 1835. His son
5880:States and territories established in 1815
4320:
4306:
3692:
3678:
3511:
3497:
2243:
2229:
2082:
2080:
2069:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2038:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2009:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1980:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1951:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1862:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1736:
808:since 1714 and together with the adjacent
171:
3818:Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states
2181:
2162:
1920:, the official interpretation is not set.
1879:Die Habsburger: Dynastie und Kaiserreiche
745:, which then immediately ceded it to the
2024:Pollock, Arthur William Alsager (1854).
1572:
952:
764:
4236:Anniversary of the Unification of Italy
3905:Brigandage in Southern Italy after 1861
3644:Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
2594:Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
2077:
2056:Handbuch für Reisende in Italien: Vol.1
2052:
2023:
1876:
1657:
1639:Karl Borromäus Philipp zu Schwarzenberg
869:
522:46,782 km (18,063 sq mi)
5832:
1934:
1906:Alles Erdreich ist Österreich untertan
1694:Ferdinand Zichy zu Zich von Vasonykeöy
5875:Subdivisions of the Habsburg monarchy
4301:
3673:
3492:
2224:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1010:, while the capital was relocated to
961:
905:, which became the capital city of a
730:, proclaimed in 1805, had collapsed.
123:"All the world is subject to Austria"
4858:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
4200:Museum of the Risorgimento (Bologna)
3900:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
1847:
1603:Robert von Salm-Reifferscheidt-Raitz
1044:of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy.
982:River, except for the fortresses of
838:; as distinct from the neighbouring
4241:National Unity and Armed Forces Day
2026:The United Service magazine: Vol.75
1914:Austriae est imperare orbi universo
994:, who immediately passed it to the
907:Governo Provvisorio della Lombardia
854:appointed by the Imperial Court in
13:
4327:
4215:Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin)
4205:Museum of the Risorgimento (Milan)
3880:Second Italian War of Independence
3624:Grand Principality of Transylvania
2046:
2017:
1988:
1959:
1923:
1908:(All soil is subject to Austria),
1841:
1279:Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
968:Second Italian War of Independence
743:Second Italian War of Independence
14:
5906:
4210:Museum of the Risorgimento (Rome)
3915:Third Italian War of Independence
3885:United Provinces of Central Italy
3840:First Italian War of Independence
3403:United Provinces of Central Italy
2197:
1966:Rindler Schjerve, Rosita (2003).
1730:Georg Otto von Toggenburg-Sargans
1718:Georg Otto von Toggenburg-Sargans
1615:Maximilian Karl Lamoral O'Donnell
1029:
1016:Third Italian War of Independence
755:Third Italian War of Independence
5850:1866 disestablishments in Europe
5814:
5813:
5802:
3764:
3619:Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia
3564:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
3534:
3520:
2252:List of historic states of Italy
2203:
2087:Rosita Rindler Schjerve (2003).
1881:. Munich: Beck. pp. 38–45.
1823:
1811:
1799:
1782:
1770:
1758:
1746:
1724:Kajetan von Bissingen-Nippenburg
1517:
1483:
1470:(Francesco Giuseppe I)
1408:
1312:
1288:
1264:
1231:
1140:
1128:
646:
632:
607:
593:
152:
90:
76:
5543:Orders, decorations, and medals
3385:Provisional Government of Milan
2175:
2156:
2145:
2114:
1938:The Book of the World: Volume 2
1513:
1442:
1438:
1332:
1328:
1308:
1284:
1260:
978:had to cede Lombardy up to the
714:in recognition of the Austrian
684:Regnum Langobardiae et Venetiae
406:Ferdinand Maximilian of Austria
4174:Francis II of the Two Sicilies
3982:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
3930:Italian entry into World War I
2584:City of Fiume and its District
1895:
1877:Heimann, Heinz-Dieter (2010).
1870:
1538:only surviving younger brother
1303:Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este
916:Governo Provvisorio di Venezia
804:, which had been ruled by the
1:
5885:1815 establishments in Europe
4027:Annibale Santore di Santarosa
3654:Imperial Free City of Trieste
3019:County of Apulia and Calabria
2525:Campagna e Marittima Province
1997:Garibaldi: His Life and Times
1835:
1702:1848–1849 (military governor)
1645:Michele Strassoldo-Grafenberg
1633:Alberto Montecuccoli-Laderchi
1149:Karl von Czoernig-Czernhausen
1135:Provinces of Lombardy–Venetia
1002:state. Maximilian retired to
601:Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)
5865:History of Venice after 1797
4098:Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi
3793:Revolutions during the 1820s
2182:Schönhals, Karl von (1852).
2163:Schönhals, Karl von (1852).
1536:Eldest son of Ferdinand I's
700:Königreich Lombardo-Venetien
44:Königreich Lombardo-Venetien
7:
5840:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
5583:Water supply and sanitation
5007:Italian geographical region
4875:Monarchy and the World Wars
4817:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
4703:War of the Sicilian Vespers
4356:Timeline of Italian history
4277:Revisionism of Risorgimento
3855:Sicilian revolution of 1848
3736:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
3731:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
3579:Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
3421:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
3415:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
3367:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
2545:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
2210:Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
1935:Fisher, Richard S. (1852).
1323:Caroline Augusta of Bavaria
1273:(Not survived to adulthood)
1179:
1170:
901:", the Austrians fled from
791:
728:Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy
702:), was a constituent land (
676:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
346:Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
25:Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
10:
5911:
5870:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
5502:Inventions and discoveries
4912:Fall of the Fascist regime
4895:Fourth War of Independence
4853:Expedition of the Thousand
4843:Second War of Independence
4184:Joseph Radetzky von Radetz
3890:Expedition of the Thousand
3756:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
3361:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
3355:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
2756:Prince-Bishopric of Trento
2726:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
2711:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
1700:Laval Nugent von Westmeath
1591:Giulio Strassoldo di Sotto
1579:Heinrich Johann Bellegarde
1533:Grandson of King Francis I
844:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
760:
716:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
394:Joseph Radetzky von Radetz
5798:
5596:
5442:
5433:
5297:
5288:
5276:Security and intelligence
5149:
5140:
5002:
4993:
4936:
4863:Third War of Independence
4838:First War of Independence
4825:
4718:
4627:
4508:
4445:
4364:
4348:
4339:
4249:
4228:
4192:
4169:Franz Joseph I of Austria
4156:
4046:Literature and philosophy
4045:
3964:
3943:
3895:Dictatorship of Garibaldi
3773:
3762:
3711:
3544:
3473:Free Territory of Trieste
3333:
3263:
3202:
3185:
3109:
3046:
3009:
2991:Principality of Benevento
2983:
2960:
2905:
2894:
2836:
2806:
2558:
2508:
2462:
2393:
2380:
2343:
2258:
2216:Flags of Lombardy–Venetia
1529:
1526:(3 survived to adulthood)
1506:
1489:
1482:
1468:
1463:
1393:
1380:
1343:
1297:(7 survived to adulthood)
1244:
1237:
1230:
1216:
1211:
1192:
1178:
1169:
936:Franz Joseph I of Austria
688:Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom
662:
572:
549:
545:
535:
531:
526:
518:
513:
509:
496:
483:
470:
453:
440:
427:
423:
415:
411:
399:
387:
375:
363:
351:
339:
335:
325:
321:
309:
297:
285:
281:
271:
261:
251:
225:
196:
182:
170:
146:
128:
106:
72:
67:
23:
4954:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus
4949:Institutional referendum
3639:Princely County of Tyrol
3379:Italian United Provinces
2731:Principality of Piombino
2520:Patrimony of Saint Peter
1712:Stanislaus Anton Puchner
1383:Rainer Joseph of Austria
1255:Elisabeth of Württemberg
1162:
990:, to the French Emperor
974:in 1859, Austria by the
718:'s rights to the former
686:), commonly called the "
382:Rainer Joseph of Austria
59:Österreichisches Italien
5477:Emigration and diaspora
4686:Guelphs and Ghibellines
4671:the Sardinian Judicates
4148:Francesco Saverio Salfi
4138:Gian Domenico Romagnosi
3467:Italian Social Republic
3142:Principality of Taranto
3034:Principality of Taranto
2996:Principality of Salerno
2751:Bishopric of Tarantasia
2574:Bishopric of Bressanone
2491:Duchy of the Pentapolis
2053:Förster, Ernst (1866).
1737:Flags and Coats of Arms
1732:1860–1866 (second time)
1621:Felix von Schwarzenberg
1585:Franz Josef Graf Saurau
1375:Anton Victor of Austria
1367:Heinrich von Bellegarde
370:Anton Victor of Austria
358:Heinrich von Bellegarde
5359:Science and technology
5307:Italian regions by GDP
5108:Marine protected areas
4780:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
4179:Klemens von Metternich
3746:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
3701:Unification of Italy (
3634:Margraviate of Moravia
3373:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
3147:Terra Sancti Benedicti
3051:(from the 9th century)
2761:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1913:
1905:
1848:Pütz, Wilhelm (1855).
1089:
970:and the defeat in the
958:
923:, after defeating the
884:Iron Crown of Lombardy
840:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
825:Treaty of Campo Formio
788:
699:
695:
683:
135:
58:
43:
29:
5845:19th century in Italy
5558:Public administration
4666:the Holy Roman Empire
4220:Tricolour Flag Museum
3992:Federico Confalonieri
3823:Republic of San Marco
3629:Margraviate of Istria
3391:Republic of San Marco
3173:Crown Colony of Malta
3001:Principality of Capua
2741:Marquisate of Saluzzo
2604:County of Santa Fiora
2266:Etruscan civilization
1688:Aloys Pálffy de Erdöd
1573:Governors of Lombardy
1557:Maximilian of Austria
1454:Son of King Francis I
956:
768:
696:Regno Lombardo-Veneto
615:Republic of San Marco
226:Common languages
30:Regno Lombardo-Veneto
5786:World Heritage Sites
5241:Council of Ministers
4979:Coronavirus pandemic
4377:Currency and coinage
3875:Plombières Agreement
3589:Archduchy of Austria
3187:French Revolutionary
3127:State of the Presidi
2851:Republic of Florence
2823:Domini di Terraferma
2473:Exarchate of Ravenna
2371:Western Roman Empire
2315:Nuragic civilization
2212:at Wikimedia Commons
2059:(in German). Munich.
1682:Johann Baptist Spaur
1658:Governors of Venetia
1651:Friedrich von Burger
1609:Johann Baptist Spaur
1508:Elisabeth in Bavaria
1501:Lombardy and Venetia
1204:Succession right(s)
1064:in Venetia); 26,676
870:Years of the Kingdom
628:Second French Empire
5860:History of Lombardy
5855:Italian unification
5317:Automotive industry
5256:Metropolitan cities
4802:Early Modern period
4775:Kingdom of Sardinia
4726:Italian city-states
4267:Italian nationalism
4262:Italian irredentism
4257:Altare della Patria
4053:Giovanni Arrivabene
3860:Ten Days of Brescia
3813:Revolutions of 1848
3798:Revolutions of 1830
3783:Rimini Proclamation
3721:Kingdom of Sardinia
3584:Kingdom of Slavonia
3559:Kingdom of Dalmatia
3461:Free State of Fiume
3409:Kingdom of Sardinia
3152:Neapolitan Republic
3100:Kingdom of Sardinia
3095:Republic of Sassari
2923:Catepanate of Italy
2846:Republic of Cospaia
2669:Duchy of Montferrat
2664:March of Montferrat
2599:County of Guastalla
2499:Exarchate of Africa
1968:Diglossia and Power
1433:Maria Anna of Savoy
996:Kingdom of Sardinia
972:Battle of Solferino
891:Italian unification
747:Kingdom of Sardinia
474:Austro-Prussian War
5379:Telecommunications
4746:Maritime republics
4118:Alessandro Manzoni
4108:Francesco Lomonaco
4037:Victor Emmanuel II
4002:Giuseppe Garibaldi
3845:Five Days of Milan
3713:Pre-unitary states
3599:Duchy of Carinthia
3574:Kingdom of Illyria
3569:Kingdom of Hungary
3554:Kingdom of Croatia
3549:Kingdom of Bohemia
3291:Lucca and Piombino
3168:Malta Protectorate
3132:Duke of San Donato
2886:Republic of Ancona
2808:Republic of Venice
2721:Duchy of Mirandola
2609:Duchy of Guastalla
2447:Duchy of Tridentum
2427:Duchy of Benevento
2394:Barbarian kingdoms
1706:Karl von Gorzowsky
1641:1849–1850 (acting)
1635:1848–1849 (acting)
1357:Congress of Vienna
1173:Congress of Vienna
1109:Karl von Schönhals
1097:official newspaper
1091:Gazzetta di Milano
1060:; 12,084 Germans (
1053:Imperial and Royal
998:and the embryonic
962:End of the Kingdom
959:
946:(who later became
899:Five Days of Milan
836:Emperor of Austria
821:Republic of Venice
789:
741:in 1859 after the
724:Republic of Venice
712:Congress of Vienna
444:Five Days of Milan
431:Congress of Vienna
147:The Patriotic Song
5890:History of Veneto
5827:
5826:
5794:
5793:
5429:
5428:
5364:Southern question
5284:
5283:
5216:Political parties
5164:Foreign relations
5136:
5135:
4989:
4988:
4710:Kingdom of Naples
4698:Kingdom of Sicily
4295:
4294:
4282:Southern question
4093:Vincenzo Gioberti
4073:Felice Cavallotti
3972:Massimo d'Azeglio
3925:Law of Guarantees
3667:
3666:
3659:Military Frontier
3614:Duchy of Salzburg
3604:Duchy of Carniola
3594:Duchy of Bukovina
3486:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3329:
3328:
3296:Massa and Carrara
3181:
3180:
3158:Hospitaller Malta
3117:Kingdom of Naples
3111:Kingdom of Sicily
3042:
3041:
2952:Duchy of Sorrento
2871:Republic of Genoa
2866:Republic of Siena
2861:Republic of Massa
2856:Republic of Lucca
2589:County of Gorizia
2579:Corsican Republic
2560:Holy Roman Empire
2208:Media related to
1888:978-3-406-44754-9
1570:
1569:
1541:(blood proximity)
1355:Title granted by
1107:Austrian General
948:emperor of Mexico
929:Battle of Custoza
806:Habsburg monarchy
672:
671:
658:
657:
654:
653:
620:
619:
401:• 1857–1859
389:• 1848–1857
377:• 1818–1848
365:• 1816–1818
353:• 1815–1816
311:• 1848–1866
299:• 1835–1848
287:• 1815–1835
266:Absolute monarchy
218:
209:
164:
151:
124:
118:House of Habsburg
5902:
5895:Former countries
5817:
5816:
5809:Italy portal
5806:
5805:
5746:National symbols
5440:
5439:
5295:
5294:
5147:
5146:
5000:
4999:
4880:Kingdom of Italy
4807:Napoleonic Italy
4346:
4345:
4322:
4315:
4308:
4299:
4298:
4103:Giacomo Leopardi
4083:Giuseppe Ferrari
4017:Bettino Ricasoli
4012:Giuseppe Mazzini
3997:Francesco Crispi
3977:Agostino Bertani
3951:Cockade of Italy
3935:Impresa di Fiume
3865:Belfiore martyrs
3850:Sortie on Mestre
3768:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3671:
3670:
3539:
3538:
3525:
3524:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3490:
3489:
3447:Kingdom of Italy
3434:
3433:
3200:
3199:
3029:County of Sicily
3024:County of Aversa
2947:Byzantine Sicily
2933:Theme of Lucania
2903:
2902:
2881:Republic of Pisa
2876:Republic of Noli
2746:Duchy of Spoleto
2716:Duchy of Merania
2614:Kingdom of Italy
2540:Duchy of Ferrara
2485:Duchy of Perugia
2464:Byzantine Empire
2442:Duchy of Spoleto
2409:Ostrogothic rule
2391:
2390:
2259:Pre-Roman period
2245:
2238:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2207:
2192:
2191:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2160:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2124:. Archived from
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2084:
2075:
2074:
2068:
2060:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2037:
2029:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2008:
2000:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1942:
1932:
1921:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1861:
1853:
1845:
1827:
1815:
1803:
1786:
1774:
1762:
1750:
1597:Franz von Hartig
1527:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1487:
1480:
1472:
1471:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1426:1848 revolutions
1424:Abdicated due to
1412:
1405:
1397:
1396:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1274:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1235:
1228:
1220:
1219:
1188:
1175:
1167:
1166:
1157:
1144:
1132:
1094:
976:Treaty of Zurich
940:governor-general
858:and resident in
834:by the Habsburg
751:Kingdom of Italy
650:
649:
642:Kingdom of Italy
636:
635:
624:
623:
611:
610:
597:
596:
590:
589:
574:
573:
500:Treaty of Vienna
466:10 November 1859
455:• Lombardy
316:Francis Joseph I
216:
207:
175:
166:
165:
149:
148:
143:
140:
137:Inno Patriottico
122:
94:
80:
62:
61:
54:
46:
40:
32:
21:
20:
5910:
5909:
5905:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5900:
5899:
5830:
5829:
5828:
5823:
5803:
5790:
5761:Public holidays
5592:
5538:Life expectancy
5425:
5280:
5196:Law enforcement
5132:
4985:
4932:
4921:Social Republic
4885:Colonial Empire
4868:Capture of Rome
4821:
4714:
4623:
4516:Ancient peoples
4504:
4441:
4402:Historic states
4360:
4335:
4326:
4296:
4291:
4245:
4224:
4188:
4152:
4143:Antonio Rosmini
4113:Goffredo Mameli
4063:Giosuè Carducci
4041:
4032:Ruggero Settimo
3960:
3939:
3920:Capture of Rome
3769:
3760:
3707:
3698:
3668:
3663:
3609:Duchy of Styria
3540:
3533:
3531:Austrian Empire
3519:
3517:
3487:
3478:
3432:
3335:
3334:Post-Napoleonic
3325:
3259:
3195:
3189:
3177:
3119:
3115:
3114:(1130–1816) and
3113:
3105:
3050:
3038:
3005:
2979:
2970:Emirate of Bari
2956:
2943:Theme of Sicily
2938:Duchy of Naples
2913:Duchy of Amalfi
2898:
2890:
2838:
2837:Other Republics
2832:
2810:
2802:
2796:County of Tenda
2776:County of Savoy
2736:Duchy of Reggio
2706:Duchy of Mantua
2634:March of Friuli
2566:
2564:
2562:
2554:
2550:Duchy of Urbino
2535:Duchy of Castro
2512:
2504:
2458:
2452:Duchy of Tuscia
2432:Duchy of Friuli
2395:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2376:
2355:(753 BC–509 BC)
2339:
2254:
2249:
2200:
2195:
2180:
2176:
2161:
2157:
2150:
2146:
2131:
2129:
2128:on 10 July 2018
2120:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2085:
2078:
2062:
2061:
2051:
2047:
2031:
2030:
2022:
2018:
2002:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1973:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1944:
1943:
1933:
1924:
1900:
1896:
1889:
1875:
1871:
1855:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1828:
1819:
1816:
1807:
1804:
1790:
1787:
1778:
1775:
1766:
1763:
1754:
1751:
1739:
1676:Carlo d'Inzaghi
1660:
1575:
1549:Joseph Radetzky
1544:
1540:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1511:
1510:
1500:
1495:
1494:12 October 1866
1493:
1491:
1490:2 December 1848
1478:
1476:
1475:
1469:
1467:
1459:
1456:(primogeniture)
1455:
1447:
1436:
1435:
1425:
1420:
1419:2 December 1848
1418:
1416:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1394:
1392:
1362:
1352:(primogeniture)
1351:
1347:Son of Emperor
1341:
1337:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1239:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1200:
1186:Doges of Venice
1165:
1158:
1151:
1145:
1136:
1133:
1102:County of Tyrol
1032:
1020:Peace of Prague
1004:Miramare Castle
964:
921:Joseph Radetzky
872:
846:as well as the
810:Duchy of Mantua
798:Treaty of Paris
794:
763:
722:and the former
708:Austrian Empire
647:
633:
608:
594:
568:
538:
505:12 October 1866
502:
489:
487:Peace of Prague
476:
463:
446:
433:
402:
390:
378:
366:
354:
342:
312:
300:
288:
221:
215:
206:
191:Austrian Empire
178:
153:
142:
121:
116:(Motto for the
115:
102:
101:
100:
95:
87:
86:
81:
63:
56:
55:
48:
41:
34:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5908:
5898:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5821:
5811:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5602:
5600:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5531:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5443:
5437:
5431:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5412:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5369:Stock exchange
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5329:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5298:
5292:
5286:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5271:Municipalities
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5231:Prime Minister
5228:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5182:
5181:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5150:
5144:
5138:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5118:Regional parks
5115:
5113:National parks
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5022:Climate change
5014:
5009:
5003:
4997:
4991:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4940:
4938:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4887:
4882:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4787:
4785:Duchy of Savoy
4782:
4777:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4695:
4693:Lombard League
4690:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4615:Western Empire
4607:
4602:
4600:Roman conquest
4597:
4592:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4521:Italic peoples
4512:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4449:
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4443:
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4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4352:
4350:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4325:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4302:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4133:Carlo Pisacane
4130:
4128:Silvio Pellico
4125:
4123:Ippolito Nievo
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4078:Vincenzo Cuoco
4075:
4070:
4068:Carlo Cattaneo
4065:
4060:
4055:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3910:Roman Question
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3828:Roman Republic
3825:
3820:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3779:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3751:Duchy of Parma
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3725:House of Savoy
3717:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3697:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3674:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3516:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3493:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3453:Italian Empire
3443:
3441:
3431:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3400:
3397:Roman Republic
3394:
3388:
3382:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3349:Duchy of Lucca
3346:
3343:Duchy of Genoa
3339:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3206:
3204:
3197:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3123:
3121:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3054:
3052:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2918:Duchy of Gaeta
2915:
2909:
2907:
2900:
2896:Southern Italy
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2842:
2840:
2839:(c. 1000–1797)
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2814:
2812:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2791:County of Nice
2788:
2786:Duchy of Aosta
2783:
2778:
2773:
2766:Savoyard state
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2701:Duchy of Milan
2698:
2696:Duchy of Ivrea
2693:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2469:
2467:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2437:Duchy of Ivrea
2434:
2429:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2403:Odoacer's rule
2399:
2397:
2388:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2368:
2367:(27 BC–395 AD)
2362:
2361:(509 BC–27 BC)
2359:Roman Republic
2356:
2349:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2298:Cisalpine Gaul
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2199:
2198:External links
2196:
2194:
2193:
2174:
2155:
2144:
2113:
2099:
2076:
2045:
2016:
1987:
1958:
1922:
1894:
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1869:
1839:
1837:
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1667:
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1655:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1627:Franz Wimpffen
1624:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1534:
1530:
1528:
1505:
1499:Forced to cede
1488:
1481:
1466:Franz Joseph I
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1451:
1449:
1430:
1413:
1406:
1395:(Ferdinando I)
1386:
1385:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1344:
1342:
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1243:
1236:
1229:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1182:Dukes of Milan
1177:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1146:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1127:
1081:Northern Italy
1031:
1030:Administration
1028:
1018:, by the 1866
963:
960:
927:troops at the
871:
868:
848:Duchy of Parma
832:personal union
802:Duchy of Milan
793:
790:
762:
759:
720:Duchy of Milan
670:
669:
664:
660:
659:
656:
655:
652:
651:
644:
638:
637:
630:
621:
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528:
524:
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511:
510:
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506:
503:
497:
494:
493:
492:23 August 1866
490:
484:
481:
480:
477:
471:
468:
467:
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451:
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438:
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269:
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263:
259:
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256:Roman Catholic
253:
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227:
223:
222:
220:
219:
210:
200:
198:
194:
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184:
180:
179:
176:
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167:
126:
125:
104:
103:
96:
89:
88:
82:
75:
74:
73:
70:
69:
65:
64:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5907:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
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5881:
5878:
5876:
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5868:
5866:
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5782:
5779:
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5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
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5752:
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5734:
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5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
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5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
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5699:
5697:
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5609:
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5599:
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5530:
5527:
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5517:
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5510:
5509:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
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5493:
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5488:
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5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
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5453:
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5385:
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5345:
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5337:
5333:
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5328:
5325:
5324:
5323:
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5305:
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5148:
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5139:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
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5094:
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5064:
5060:
5057:
5055:
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5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4992:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4964:Years of Lead
4962:
4960:
4959:Economic Boom
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4902:Fascist Italy
4900:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4873:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4848:Niçard exodus
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4818:
4815:
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4773:
4767:
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4708:
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4691:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
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4672:
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4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
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4608:
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4593:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4568:Magna Graecia
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4552:
4549:
4547:
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4507:
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4408:
4405:
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4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4357:
4354:
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4351:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4323:
4318:
4316:
4311:
4309:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:National days
4227:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4022:Aurelio Saffi
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4007:Daniele Manin
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3987:Celso Ceretti
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
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2100:3-11-017653-X
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737:was ceded to
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663:Today part of
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5646:Architecture
5616:Quattrocento
5573:Social class
5553:Prostitution
5467:Demographics
5389:Trade unions
5332:Central Bank
5174:Human rights
5154:Constitution
4937:Contemporary
4907:World War II
4811:
4795:Italian Wars
4719:Early modern
4661:Papal States
4639:Italy under
4585:Ancient Rome
4164:Pope Pius IX
4058:Cesare Balbo
3965:Main leaders
3835:Quadrilatero
3741:Papal States
3735:
3703:Risorgimento
3702:
3578:
3449:(1861–1946)
3427:Papal States
3420:
3255:Transpadania
2828:Stato da Màr
2510:Papal States
2421:Lombard rule
2385:Early Modern
2373:(395–476 AD)
2365:Roman Empire
2345:Ancient Rome
2187:
2177:
2168:
2158:
2147:
2130:. Retrieved
2126:the original
2116:
2104:. Retrieved
2089:
2055:
2048:
2025:
2019:
1996:
1990:
1967:
1961:
1937:
1897:
1878:
1872:
1849:
1843:
1496:
1464:
1421:
1415:2 March 1835
1389:
1212:
1121:
1106:
1085:
1074:
1068:; and 7,806
1050:
1046:
1041:départements
1039:
1035:
1033:
992:Napoleon III
965:
933:
914:
906:
895:Risorgimento
894:
888:
873:
829:
795:
782:coat of arms
778:(Wappenrock)
777:
769:An Austrian
732:
687:
675:
673:
583:Succeeded by
582:
577:
537:• 1852
479:14 June 1866
341:• 1815
133:
129:
110:
108:Motto:
107:
98:Coat of Arms
18:
5711:Italophilia
5671:Coat of arm
5621:Cinquecento
5497:Immigration
5447:Aristocracy
5312:Agriculture
5206:Nationality
5179:LGBT rights
5093:Earthquakes
4974:Mani pulite
4890:World War I
4833:Unification
4826:Late modern
4790:Renaissance
4635:Middle Ages
4628:Middle Ages
4605:Roman Italy
4372:Citizenship
4088:Ugo Foscolo
3870:Crimean War
3803:Young Italy
3527:Crown lands
3475:(1947–1954)
3469:(1943–1945)
3463:(1920–1924)
3455:(1882–1960)
3439:unification
3429:(1814–1870)
3423:(1815–1866)
3417:(1816–1861)
3411:(1814–1860)
3405:(1859–1860)
3399:(1849–1850)
3393:(1848–1849)
3375:(1815–1859)
3369:(1814–1859)
3363:(1814–1859)
3357:(1814–1829)
3351:(1815–1847)
3345:(1815–1848)
3235:Parthenopea
3196:(1792–1815)
3154:(1647–1648)
3120:(1282–1816)
3102:(1324–1861)
3063:Agugliastra
2928:Longobardia
2565:independent
2415:Vandal rule
2132:20 November
1941:. New York.
1852:. Freiburg.
1664:Peter Goëss
1555:1857–1859:
1547:1848–1857:
1391:Ferdinand I
1381:1818–1848:
1373:1816–1818:
1365:1815–1816:
1294:11 children
1238:9 June 1815
1207:Viceroy(s)
1199:Marriage(s)
1171:Before the
1152: [
880:Ferdinand I
578:Preceded by
565:(1860–1866)
559:(1816–1860)
436:9 June 1815
304:Ferdinand I
217:(1859–1866)
208:(1815–1859)
5834:Categories
5781:Traditions
5771:Television
5756:Philosophy
5721:Literature
5661:Cathedrals
5631:Settecento
5492:Healthcare
5457:Corruption
5452:Censorship
5211:Parliament
5169:Government
4969:Maxi Trial
4917:Resistance
4646:Ostrogoths
4578:Messapians
4463:Villanovan
4453:Prehistory
4446:Prehistory
4287:Third Rome
3306:Pontecorvo
3264:Monarchies
3250:Subalpinia
3215:Cispadania
3210:Cisalpinia
3192:Napoleonic
2899:(774–1139)
2811:(697–1797)
2513:(754–1870)
2475:(584–751)
2423:(568–774)
1836:References
1523:4 children
1448:Childless
1349:Leopold II
1270:1 children
1066:Slovenians
1024:plebiscite
966:After the
944:Maximilian
726:after the
704:crown land
698:; German:
527:Population
262:Government
187:Crown land
112:A.E.I.O.U.
5741:Mythology
5716:Libraries
5636:Ottocento
5578:Terrorism
5519:Languages
5472:Education
5394:Transport
5344:Companies
5251:Provinces
5221:President
5186:Judiciary
5159:Elections
5071:Volcanoes
5066:Volcanism
5059:Apennines
5044:Mountains
5012:Peninsula
4995:Geography
4926:Civil War
4651:Byzantium
4558:Etruscans
4493:Canegrate
4488:Golasecca
4473:Rinaldone
4468:Terramare
4458:Neolithic
4272:Redshirts
4157:Opponents
3788:Carbonari
3281:Guastalla
3271:Benevento
3203:Republics
3058:Judicates
2906:Byzantine
2563:and other
2501:(585–698)
2493:(554–752)
2487:(554–752)
2481:(533–751)
2466:(584–751)
2417:(435–534)
2411:(493–553)
2405:(476–493)
2396:(476–774)
2330:Iapygians
2065:cite book
2034:cite book
2028:. London.
2005:cite book
1999:. London.
1976:cite book
1970:. Berlin.
1947:cite book
1858:cite book
1753:1815–1866
1726:1855–1860
1720:1850–1855
1714:1849–1850
1690:1840–1848
1684:1826–1840
1678:1820–1826
1672:1819–1820
1666:1815–1819
1653:1857–1859
1611:1841–1848
1605:1840–1841
1599:1830–1840
1593:1818–1830
1587:1816–1818
1581:1814–1816
1479:(aged 86)
1477:1830–1916
1404:(aged 82)
1402:1793–1875
1338:Childless
1318:Childless
1227:(aged 67)
1225:1768–1835
1214:Francis I
1062:Cimbrians
1058:Friulians
1036:Gubernien
988:Peschiera
925:Sardinian
876:Francis I
817:branch of
780:with the
706:) of the
541:4,671,000
292:Francis I
252:Religion
68:1815–1866
5819:Category
5706:Internet
5696:Folklore
5626:Seicento
5611:Trecento
5606:Duecento
5568:Religion
5529:Regional
5507:Italians
5482:Gambling
5374:Taxation
5201:Military
5142:Politics
4944:Republic
4731:Florence
4656:Lombards
4595:Republic
4541:Samnites
4536:Picentes
4478:Apennine
4437:Railways
4417:Military
4365:By topic
4349:Overview
4333:articles
3775:Timeline
3240:Piedmont
3090:Oristano
3083:Logudoro
3073:Cagliari
3048:Sardinia
2781:Piedmont
2530:Holy See
2381:Medieval
2335:Picentes
2278:Samnites
2106:23 March
1095:was the
1077:Lombardy
934:Emperor
852:viceroys
814:Austrian
792:Creation
735:Lombardy
550:Currency
238:Friulian
234:Venetian
5776:Theatre
5751:Palaces
5731:Museums
5701:Gardens
5686:Fashion
5676:Cuisine
5656:Castles
5598:Culture
5548:Poverty
5524:Italian
5435:Society
5416:Welfare
5384:Tourism
5354:Exports
5322:Banking
5302:Economy
5290:Economy
5246:Regions
5128:Valleys
5098:Islands
5078:Beaches
5049:Prealps
5029:Geology
5017:Climate
4681:Normans
4641:Odoacer
4590:Kingdom
4573:Ligures
4509:Ancient
4483:Nuragic
4432:Postage
4407:Judaism
4397:Genetic
4387:Fashion
4382:Economy
4341:History
4193:Museums
3944:Symbols
3529:of the
3321:Corsica
3311:Tuscany
3276:Etruria
3225:Liguria
3078:Gallura
3068:Arborea
2984:Lombard
2684:Tuscany
2674:Trieste
2310:Ligures
2271:Etruria
2140:Italian
1830:Greater
1008:Trieste
1000:Italian
812:by the
796:In the
761:History
692:Italian
563:Fiorino
498:•
485:•
472:•
442:•
429:•
416:History
327:Viceroy
242:Italian
230:Lombard
197:Capital
189:of the
130:Anthem:
37:Italian
5807:
5681:Design
5666:Cinema
5641:Anthem
5563:Racism
5512:People
5487:Health
5349:Energy
5339:Brands
5266:Comune
5261:Cities
5123:Rivers
5083:Canals
4766:Amalfi
4751:Venice
4610:Empire
4551:Veneti
4526:Latins
4498:Latial
4331:
3387:(1848)
3381:(1831)
3336:states
3301:Naples
3011:Norman
2818:Dogado
2689:Verona
2654:Mantua
2649:Istria
2629:Finale
2619:Ancona
2567:states
2387:states
2305:Veneti
2283:Latins
2097:
1902:German
1885:
1818:Middle
1806:Lesser
1563:1859:
1516:1854;
1441:1831;
1359:(1815)
1331:1816;
1311:1808;
1287:1790;
1263:1788;
1201:Issue
1196:Reign
1012:Venice
984:Mantua
980:Mincio
911:Venice
864:Venice
856:Vienna
842:, the
786:Vienna
775:tabard
771:herald
739:France
461:France
419:
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277:
246:German
244:, and
213:Venice
183:Status
132:
51:German
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5766:Sport
5736:Music
5726:Media
5588:Women
5462:Crime
5327:Banks
5103:Lakes
5088:Caves
5039:Flora
5034:Fauna
4756:Genoa
4741:Milan
4736:Siena
4676:Arabs
4563:Celts
4546:Umbri
4422:Music
4392:Flags
4329:Italy
4250:Other
3437:Post-
3286:Italy
3230:Lucca
3220:Italy
2771:Savoy
2679:Turin
2659:Milan
2644:Ivrea
2320:Umbri
2293:Celts
1910:Latin
1520:1898)
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1193:King
1163:Kings
1156:]
1117:Padua
1113:Pavia
1006:near
903:Milan
860:Milan
680:Latin
667:Italy
457:ceded
204:Milan
5691:Flag
5421:Wine
5409:road
5404:rail
5235:List
5225:List
5054:Alps
4919:and
4761:Pisa
4531:Osci
4427:Name
4412:LGBT
3316:Elba
3245:Rome
3194:eras
3190:and
3163:Gozo
2962:Arab
2945:and
2624:Ceva
2288:Osci
2138:(in
2134:2023
2108:2022
2095:ISBN
2071:link
2040:link
2011:link
1982:link
1953:link
1918:FERT
1883:ISBN
1864:link
1789:1850
1777:1825
1765:1815
1708:1849
1623:1848
1321:(4)
1301:(3)
1277:(2)
1253:(1)
1248:List
1180:See
1115:and
1070:Jews
986:and
862:and
674:The
557:Lira
519:1852
514:Area
273:King
84:Flag
5651:Art
5399:air
5191:Law
2383:and
2188:MDZ
2169:MDZ
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