339:(2014), Hellekson and Busse aim to "gather together in one place some of the foundational texts of the fan fiction studies corpus". Their selections are described as "vital" by the reviewer Anne Kustritz, who considers the editors to have been largely successful in building a fan-studies canon, which she explains as "defining a relatively new field's identity, negotiating its limits, and setting the agenda for future research ... centralizing an often-scattered sub-discipline and assembling a shared base through which scholars working in diverse disciplines and methods can have a common language and conversation." Kustritz criticizes the exclusion of quantitative studies including
317:(2006), was conceived, in Hellekson and Busse's words, to "give voice to the many scholars we had met at conferences and online; create a volume that would start with the premise that academics were often fans and fans often academics and that that was okay; and permit conversations that did not always begin with introductory definitions but instead would assume a knowledgeable audience, thus raising the level of discourse." The book's four sections are each introduced by the editors, and additionally there is a 25-page introductory essay "Work in Progress" by Hellekson and Busse. Matt Hills, in a review for the journal
147:
251:. She underlines the fact that history represents not the actual past, but a narrative about the past in which "the historian is complicit in storytelling, not an objective, impartial recorder of events". She notes that alternate histories "change the present by transforming the past". In a widely adopted taxonomy (first presented in an earlier article and responding to the work of William Joseph Collins), she divides the alternate history genre into three categories, depending on how the narrative relates to the divergence point from our reality:
383:, in which she posits that "giving, receiving, and reciprocating are the three central tenets of participation in online media fandom". A response from Abigail De Kosnik counters that female fans writing fan fiction without financial compensation "risk institutionalizing a lack of compensation for all women that practice this art in the future." Hellekson has also written on the attempted monetization of fan fiction by the short-lived FanLib archive, and has compared the fan-run
359:, and concluding that the exclusion "seems to contradict the diversity and expansiveness of the fan fiction works and communities", leading to a "metanarrative of absence, placelessness, estrangement, and unbelonging for non-western narratives in western academic traditions". The selection of reprints includes 1980s and 1990s extracts from the offline and early-Internet periods, representing the work of the earliest scholars in the field, including
33:
367:
and
Constance Penley; Kustritz characterizes some of these "classic" texts as "somewhat quaint" but adds that they give a "necessary grounding". She describes the editors' introductory contextualizing material as valuable and well balanced, and praises the volume's themed organization for bringing
126:(2001), derives from her MA thesis and incorporates material from a 1993 paper. Based on the archive of Cordwainer Smith materials at the University of Kansas, including drafts, reviews and unpublished material, the book reviews Smith's life and critiques several key stories as well as his novel,
138:
praises
Hellekson's wide-ranging and detailed research and her "thoughtful" discussion. It criticizes her acceptance of prior critical thought, even when the material she has uncovered undermines accepted ideas about the author, and comments that her "sometimes scattered argument may be hard to
239:, and also reviews anthologies compiled by historians, which, Hellekson posits, attempt to curtail the freedom inherent in alternate history by excluding works considered too unlikely or "frivolous". Hellekson considers narrative strategies in the genre, reflecting on the opinions of
331:
approach involving close reading, rather than discussing fan fiction as a social or cultural phenomenon, as most earlier works had done; however, Bronwen Thomas considers that the essays "sacrifice depth for breadth and only rarely engage with specific narrative techniques".
269:
describes the book as a "useful study" of the genre, while
Kathleen Singles considers that it "lacks the comprehensiveness necessary to account for alternate history as a complex, interdisciplinary phenomenon". Hellekson contributed the chapter on alternate histories to
309:, which she considers to have a long history: "fans have always been engaging with texts, often in transformative ways by literally scribbling in the margins, rewriting scenes, and crafting new endings". She has edited two collections of essays on the topic with
321:, describes the collection as a "fine set of interventionist essays", which "smartly expands and develops ways of thinking about fandom and the cultural production, circulation, and reception of fan fiction". Alicia Verlager, in a detailed review for the
368:
the older texts into conversation with the more modern ones. Willard also praises the "comprehensive" introductory material; she considers the volume's broadening of focus at the end to include works other than fan fiction to be "somewhat jarring".
351:. The editors deliberately include only those texts that discuss works based on Western media. Cheuk takes issue with this choice, drawing attention to the prevalence of fanworks for non-western media sources such as Japanese
327:, praises the "wide-ranging and intelligent" essays but describes the book as "a challenging read" for the non-specialist, with the contents predominantly being "dense with academic theory". The editors aim to take a
399:
in 2008 and continues (as of 2021) to act as its co-editor. It covers "popular media, fan communities, and transformative works" and is the earliest of two extant journals in the field of
143:
who views humanity as a "matter of an individual's heart or spirit" unrelated to "genetics, social status, or even intellect", emphasizing his "benevolent concern for humane behavior".
389:
347:
interpretations, the chosen essays "sidestep issues of race, class, and intersectionality", and Fiona N. Cheuk highlights the absence of any discussion of
101:, entitled "Archipelagoes of stars: the science fiction of Cordwainer Smith" (1991). Her PhD (1998), also from the University of Kansas, was supervised by
2087:
105:; her thesis is entitled "Refiguring Historical Time: The Alternate History". Prior to completing her PhD, Hellekson left academia to work as a
2102:
1035:(2013), "Detonating New Shockwaves of Possibility: Alternate Histories and the Geopolitical Aesthetics of Ken MacLeod and Iain M. Banks",
179:, in which, for example, the Confederacy won the American Civil War. Hellekson considers the earliest Western examples of the genre to be
2082:
2097:
2067:
2092:
2077:
2003:
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1177:
Stefanie Boese (2014), ""Those Two Years": Alternate
History and Autobiography in Philip Roth's The Plot Against America",
1111:
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516:
490:
457:
435:
395:
77:
971:
Matthew
Schneider-Mayerson (2009), "What Almost Was: The Politics of the Contemporary Alternate History Novel",
943:
Geoffrey
Winthrop-Young (2009), "Fallacies and Thresholds: Notes on the Early Evolution of Alternate History",
255:, which "occur at the moment of the break" and include "time-travel-time-policing-stories and battle stories";
1248:"Uchronic Australia: Serious Issues Are Raised in Two Alternate Histories of Australia during the Pacific War"
1450:
577:
261:
1994:
1941:
1319:
Karen
Hellekson (2009), Mark Bould; Andrew Butler; Adam Roberts; Sherryl Vint (eds.), "Alternate history",
1842:
Suzanne Scott (2015), ""Cosplay Is
Serious Business": Gendering Material Fan Labor on Heroes of Cosplay",
195:(1824), although Geoffrey Winthrop-Young highlights possible alternative histories by authors as early as
427:
1411:
Mattia Ravasi (2019), "A World Made Out of
Stories: The Bliss of Literary Influence in Michael Chabon's
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90:
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Bronwen Thomas (2011), "What Is
Fanfiction and Why Are People Saying Such Nice Things about It??",
482:
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134:
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from the SFRA for her paper "Transforming the Subject: Humanity, The Body, and Post-Humanism".
139:
navigate" for non-experts. In this book and her earlier paper, Hellekson classifies Smith as a
102:
1980:
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1729:"Review of The Fan Fiction Studies Reader, Eds. Hellekson, Karen., and Kristina Busse (2014)"
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1811:"Going Pro: Gendered Responses to the Incorporation of Fan Labor as User-Generated Content"
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8:
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Karen Hellekson (2015), Eric Carl Link, Gerry Canavan (ed.), "Fandom and Fan Culture",
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Practicing Science Fiction: Critical Essays on Writing, Reading and Teaching the Genre
279:
Practicing Science Fiction: Critical Essays on Writing, Reading and Teaching the Genre
1968:
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175:(2001), the earliest English-language book devoted to analyzing the popular genre of
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1619:(2014), "Introduction: Why a Fan Fiction Studies Reader Now?", in Karen Hellekson,
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with various commercial sites. She wrote the chapter "Fandom and Fan Culture" for
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1700:"The Fan Fiction Studies Reader: edited by Karen Hellekson and Kristina Busse"
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1876:(2015), "Fan Labor and Feminism: Capitalizing on the Fannish Labor of Love",
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Karen Hellekson (2009), "A Fannish Field of Value: Online Fan Gift Culture",
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1139:"What Almost Was: The Politics of the Contemporary Alternate History Novel"
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Karen Hellekson (2008), "New Journal: Transformative Works and Cultures",
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51:. In the field of science fiction, she is known for her research on the
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community. She has co-edited two essay collections on fan fiction with
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Fan Fiction and Fan Communities in the Age of the Internet: New Essays
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Archipelagoes of stars : the science fiction of Cordwainer Smith
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259:, which happen "after the break, sometimes a long time after"; and
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discusses examples drawn from science fiction, including works by
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999:
A. B. E. (2002), "Review: Searching for Gems in Future History",
1211:
Andrew Frost (2017), "Bad Future: Real-Time Alternate History",
556:
Hellekson's highest-cited research papers and book chapters (in
293:(SFRA), with Jacobsen (1998–2000 and 2008–10). She won the 2002
380:
1767:"Teams, Tears, and Testimonials: A Rhetorical Reading of the
1614:
1354:
1288:"'What If?' and Beyond: Counterfactual History in Literature"
1109:(2012), "Introduction: Fictional Modes and Cultural Energy",
871:
Carol McGuirk (2001), "The Rediscovery of Cordwainer Smith",
843:
C. M. (2002), "The Right Kind of Man for That Kind of Trip",
564:
524:
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43:(born 1966) is an American author and scholar who researches
196:
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Fan Fiction and Fan Communities in the Age of the Internet
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970:
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Fan Fiction and Fan Communities in the Age of the Internet
315:
Fan Fiction and Fan Communities in the Age of the Internet
393:. With Busse, she co-founded the online academic journal
1610:
1608:
1606:
942:
641:(1987), includes a discussion of alternative histories.
808:
The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association
499:
Karen Hellekson; Craig B. Jacobsen; Patrick B. Sharp;
1067:"Record of Dying Days: The Alternate History of Ōoku"
1603:
375:
community. Her highest-cited research article is on
343:, while Lesley Willard notes that in their focus on
97:, with a dissertation on the science-fiction author
1906:
The Cambridge Companion to American Science Fiction
390:
The Cambridge Companion to American Science Fiction
1809:
1765:
1698:
1624:
1286:
1246:
1065:
568:; Karen Hellekson (2012), Katherine Larsen (ed.),
371:Hellekson has published on topics relating to the
1542:. Edited by Karen Hellekson and Kristina Busse",
1031:
908:The Alternate History: Refiguring Historical Time
905:
774:Refiguring historical time: the alternate history
424:The Alternate History: Refiguring Historical Time
173:The Alternate History: Refiguring Historical Time
57:The Alternate History: Refiguring Historical Time
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75:, and in 2008, co-founded the academic journal,
2022:
1903:
1666:edited by Karen Hellekson and Kristina Busse",
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1318:
1244:
806:Karen Hellekson (1998), "Leaving the Academy",
805:
593:
443:
421:
63:. In fan studies, she is known for her work on
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663:, it had 236 citations as of January 31, 2021.
281:(with Craig B. Jacobsen, Patrick B. Sharp and
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1816:Wired TV: Laboring Over an Interactive Future
1776:Reception: Texts, Readers, Audiences, History
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1410:
1383:Michael Levy (2002), "SFRA Awards for 2002",
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167:which is one of the works Hellekson examines.
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1578:Storyworlds: A Journal of Narrative Studies
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1321:The Routledge Companion to Science Fiction
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272:The Routledge Companion to Science Fiction
2088:21st-century American non-fiction writers
1959:
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1025:
1023:
305:Hellekson is known for her research into
1942:"Transforming academic and fan cultures"
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1355:Karen Hellekson; Craig Jacobsen (2008),
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446:The Science Fiction of Cordwainer Smith
124:The Science Fiction of Cordwainer Smith
112:
93:, Minnesota (1988). Her MA is from the
84:
59:, and has also published on the author
14:
2050:
1733:Canadian Journal of Disability Studies
1020:
2004:Organization for Transformative Works
1717:
1510:by Karen Hellekson, Kristina Busse",
892:
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1513:Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts
1112:Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts
710:
708:
706:
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324:Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts
291:Science Fiction Research Association
2103:21st-century American women writers
1137:Matthew Schneider-Mayerson (2009),
906:Michael J. Tolley (2001), "Review:
570:"Identity, Ethics, and Fan Privacy"
89:Hellekson has a BA in English from
55:genre, the topic of her 2001 book,
24:
2083:American women non-fiction writers
117:
25:
2114:
2098:American academic journal editors
1997:Transformative Works and Cultures
1947:Transformative Works and Cultures
1506:Alicia Verlager (2009), "Review:
1456:Transformative Works and Cultures
701:
396:Transformative Works and Cultures
78:Transformative Works and Cultures
2068:Gustavus Adolphus College alumni
1049:10.14321/crnewcentrevi.13.2.0031
185:Napoléon et la Conquête du Monde
171:Her PhD thesis was published as
2016:
1987:
1933:
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181:Louis-Napoléon Geoffroy-Chateau
1664:The Fan Fiction Studies Reader
1627:The Fan Fiction Studies Reader
1265:10.13110/antipodes.32.1-2.0278
864:
799:
765:
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637:An earlier book, Paul Alkon's
479:The Fan Fiction Studies Reader
337:The Fan Fiction Studies Reader
300:
265:, in which "no break" occurs.
13:
1:
639:Origins of Futuristic Fiction
578:Cambridge Scholars Publishing
313:. Their first collaboration,
2093:American mass media scholars
2078:American non-fiction writers
1918:10.1017/CCO9781107280601.015
574:Fan Culture: Theory/Practice
335:In their second collection,
277:She also co-edited the book
7:
2073:University of Kansas alumni
1808:(2014), Denise Mann (ed.),
1179:Studies in American Fiction
560:, as of January 31, 2021):
428:Kent State University Press
10:
2119:
1910:Cambridge University Press
1789:10.5325/reception.5.1.0061
1417:MFS Modern Fiction Studies
946:Historical Social Research
132:. A review in the journal
1822:, pp. 77–79, 86–88,
1556:10.1080/15405700802240451
1285:Kathleen Singles (2011),
1086:10.5749/mech.10.2015.0063
1064:Andrea Horbinski (2015),
1037:The New Centennial Review
659:According to a search on
405:Journal of Fandom Studies
193:Curiosities of Literature
109:and independent scholar.
91:Gustavus Adolphus College
1820:Rutgers University Press
1633:University of Iowa Press
1245:David C. Muller (2018),
1213:Studies in the Fantastic
483:University of Iowa Press
444:Karen Hellekson (2001),
422:Karen Hellekson (2001),
289:, the periodical of the
285:; 2010). She co-edited
257:true alternate histories
122:Hellekson's first book,
2026:Science Fiction Studies
1727:Fiona N. Cheuk (2019),
1697:Lesley Willard (2017),
1662:Anne Kustritz (2015), "
1386:Science Fiction Studies
1294:The Cambridge Quarterly
1002:Science Fiction Studies
874:Science Fiction Studies
846:Science Fiction Studies
341:quantitative psychology
135:Science Fiction Studies
67:and the culture of the
1746:10.15353/cjds.v8i2.501
1307:10.1093/camqtly/bfr007
684:Hellekson, Karen 1966–
403:, the other being the
168:
37:
1764:Sara K. Howe (2013),
1706:The Velvet Light Trap
1544:Popular Communication
1470:10.3983/twc.2015.0707
1429:10.1353/mfs.2019.0030
1333:10.4324/9780203871317
1225:10.1353/sif.2017.0001
1191:10.1353/saf.2014.0013
1157:10.1353/ams.2009.0057
910:by Karen Hellekson",
411:Selected publications
319:Popular Communication
205:The Alternate History
160:The Difference Engine
149:
35:
1961:10.3983/twc.2008.071
1892:10.1353/cj.2015.0034
1858:10.1353/cj.2015.0029
1682:10.1353/cj.2015.0019
1538:Matt Hills (2008), "
1361:Editors Seize Power"
718:a / Curriculum vitae
625:References and notes
113:Research and writing
95:University of Kansas
85:Education and career
1940:TWC Editor (2008),
1912:, pp. 154–55,
1451:"Works in progress"
1449:TWC Editor (2015),
1119:(2 (85)): 194–196,
953:(2 (128)): 99–117,
365:Camille Bacon-Smith
295:Mary Kay Bray Award
81:, also with Busse.
1979:has generic name (
1488:has generic name (
385:Archive of Our Own
329:literary criticism
169:
163:, a Victorian-era
153:collaborated with
41:Karen L. Hellekson
38:
18:Karen L. Hellekson
1635:, pp. 2, 7,
1615:Karen Hellekson;
1033:Phillip E. Wegner
715:Karen Hellekson,
610:10.1353/cj.0.0140
552:Research articles
525:Karen Hellekson;
473:Karen Hellekson;
267:Phillip E. Wegner
245:Stephen Jay Gould
177:alternate history
165:alternate history
53:alternate history
36:Hellekson in 2019
16:(Redirected from
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262:parallel worlds
189:Isaac D'Israeli
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1879:Cinema Journal
1874:Kristina Busse
1862:
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1845:Cinema Journal
1834:
1829:978-0813564531
1828:
1794:
1751:
1739:(2): 279–293,
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1669:Cinema Journal
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1617:Kristina Busse
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1375:
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1301:(2): 180–188,
1277:
1237:
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1185:(2): 271–292,
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1151:(3–4): 63–83,
1129:
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1098:
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963:
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652:
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597:Cinema Journal
591:
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566:Kristina Busse
558:Google Scholar
549:
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522:
517:
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475:Kristina Busse
464:
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416:Authored books
412:
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311:Kristina Busse
302:
299:
229:Bruce Sterling
225:William Gibson
221:Philip K. Dick
155:Bruce Sterling
151:William Gibson
119:
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2061:
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2001:
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1770:
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253:nexus stories
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237:H. Beam Piper
234:
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213:Poul Anderson
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650:For example:
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2009:January 29,
1676:: 165–169,
1550:: 262–263,
1520:: 147–149,
1369:SFRA Review
1359:SFRA Review
1009:: 128–132,
920:: 313–315,
792:January 31,
758:January 29,
724:January 29,
694:January 29,
501:Lisa Yaszek
401:fan studies
307:fan fiction
301:Fan studies
287:SFRA Review
283:Lisa Yaszek
187:(1836) and
107:copy editor
65:fan fiction
49:fan studies
2052:Categories
1073:Mechademia
814:(2): 1–5,
379:in online
349:disability
233:Ward Moore
129:Norstrilia
103:James Gunn
1782:: 61–75,
1598:142820323
1564:142981140
1437:204479870
1325:Routledge
1273:201541861
1253:Antipodes
1233:158788694
1219:: 26–46,
1199:162849800
1165:144867899
1094:125999454
1080:: 63–79,
535:McFarland
509:McFarland
450:McFarland
201:Herodotus
157:to write
2039:25475168
1969:citation
1769:Twilight
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1526:24352326
1478:citation
1413:Moonglow
1125:24352932
987:41287751
959:20762357
926:20718360
787:39361837
779:WorldCat
753:25835078
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618:25619733
345:feminist
141:humanist
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1433:S2CID
1395:JSTOR
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1269:S2CID
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353:anime
2011:2021
1981:help
1922:ISBN
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1490:help
1337:ISBN
794:2021
783:OCLC
760:2021
749:OCLC
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355:and
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