948:, daughter of Livilla and Drusus the Younger. Sejanus' family connection to the Imperial house was now imminent, and in AD 31 Sejanus held the Consulship with the emperor as his colleague, an honour Tiberius reserved only for heirs to the throne. When he was summoned to a meeting of the Senate later that year on 18 October AD 31, he probably expected to receive a share of the tribunician power. Instead, however, Tiberius' letter to the Senate, completely unexpectedly, requested the destruction of Sejanus and his faction. A purge followed, in which Sejanus and his most prominent supporters were killed. With Drusus dead and having had Germanicus' elder two sons
1597:
1569:
712:), the younger brother of Germanicus, was a Claudian on the side of his father, Nero Claudius Drusus, younger brother of Tiberius. However, he was also related to the Julian branch of the Imperial family through his mother, Antonia Minor. As a son of Antonia, Claudius was a great-nephew of Augustus. Moreover, he was also Augustus' step-grandson due to the fact that his father was a stepson of Augustus. Unlike Tiberius and Germanicus, both of whom were born as Claudians and became adopted Julians, Claudius was not adopted into the Julian family. Upon becoming emperor, however, he added the Julian-affiliated
759:
1553:
117:
49:
6656:
5708:
1836:
325:
1316:. The Senate had been trying to preserve the dynastic bloodline by saving Nero's life, and were additionally reluctant to let someone who was not of the family become emperor; however, once he had committed suicide, and with Galba marching on the city, it had no choice but to declare him a public enemy posthumously. With his death, the reign of the Julio-Claudian dynasty came to an end. Chaos then ensued in the
560:; in classical Latin, they came second. Roman family names were inherited from father to son, but a Roman aristocrat could—either during his life or in his will—adopt an heir if he lacked a natural son. In accordance with Roman naming conventions, the adopted son would replace his original family name with the name of his adopted family. A famous example of this custom is
917:, as did the Roman populace. On Tiberius' request, Germanicus was granted proconsular power and assumed command in the prime military zone of Germania, where he suppressed the mutiny there and led the formerly restless legions on campaigns against Germanic tribes from AD 14 to 16. Germanicus died in Syria in AD 19 and, on his deathbed, accused the governor of Syria,
1158:. Claudius died on 13 October AD 54, and Nero became emperor. A number of ancient historians accuse Agrippina of poisoning Claudius, but details on these private events vary widely. These events are recounted in book 12 of the Annals of Tacitus, book 61 of Cassius Dio's Roman History, and in the biographies of Nero and Claudius by Suetonius.
892:(around AD 6 or 7) where he was later executed, and Tiberius was recalled to Rome and officially adopted by Augustus. By Augustus' request, Tiberius adopted his nephew Germanicus, son of his late brother Drusus and biological great-nephew of Augustus through his mother. Germanicus subsequently married Augustus' granddaughter Agrippina.
1213:. In AD 55, Nero began taking on a more active role as an administrator. He was consul four times between AD 55 and 60. Nero consolidated power over time through the execution and banishment of his rivals and slowly usurped authority from the Senate. He reportedly arranged the death of his own mother and after divorcing his wife
640:, known in historiography as the "Julio-Claudian dynasty". For various reasons, the Julio-Claudians followed in the example of Julius Caesar and Augustus by utilizing adoption as a tool for dynastic succession. The next four emperors were closely related through a combination of blood relation, marriage and adoption.
696:, was a granddaughter of Augustus. Through Agrippina, Germanicus' children—including Caligula—were Augustus' great-grandchildren. When Augustus adopted Tiberius, the latter was required to adopt his brother's eldest son as well, thus allowing Germanicus' side of the Imperial family to inherit the Julius
928:
Sejanus created an atmosphere of fear in Rome, controlling a network of informers and spies whose incentive to accuse others of treason was a share in the accused's property after their conviction and death. Treason trials became commonplace; few members of the Roman aristocracy were safe. The trials
1172:
Nero became emperor in AD 54 at sixteen, the youngest emperor yet. Like his maternal uncle
Caligula before him, Nero was also a direct descendant of Augustus, a fact which made his ascension to the throne much easier and smoother than it had been for Tiberius or Claudius. Ancient historians describe
989:
Although
Augustus' succession plans were all but ruined due to the deaths of more than several family members, including many of his own descendants, in the end, Tiberius remained faithful to his predecessor's wishes that the next emperor would hail from the Julian side of the Imperial family. Thus,
1091:
in AD 43. He took a personal interest in the law, presided at public trials, and issued up to twenty edicts a day; however, he was seen as vulnerable throughout his rule, particularly by the nobility. Claudius was constantly forced to shore up his position—resulting in the deaths of many senators.
974:
smothered
Tiberius with a pillow to hasten Caligula's accession. According to Suetonius, he was known for his cruelty and debauchery through his perversion on the island of Capri where he forced young boys and girls into orgies. On one account when one of the boys complained, Tiberius had his legs
621:
and initially renamed himself "Gaius Julius Caesar" after his adoptive father. It was also customary for the adopted son to acknowledge his original family by adding an extra name at the end of his new name. As such, Augustus' adopted name would have been "Gaius Julius Caesar
Octavianus". However,
741:
Ahenobarbi on his father's side. Nero became a
Claudian in name as a result of Agrippina's marriage to her uncle, Claudius, who ultimately adopted her son as his own. He succeeded Claudius in AD 54, becoming the last direct descendant of Augustus to rule the Roman Empire. Within a year of Nero's
871:, daughter of Agrippa by his first marriage, and marry his stepsister, the twice-widowed Julia. Drusus, the brother of Tiberius, died in 9 BC after falling from a horse. Tiberius shared in Augustus' tribune powers, but shortly thereafter, in 6 BC, he went into voluntary exile in
1013:
as joint heirs. Caligula ordered
Gemellus killed within his first year in power. Backed by Naevius Sutorius Macro, Caligula asserted himself as sole princeps, though he later had Macro disposed of as well.. Following Gemellus' death, Caligula marked his brother-in-law,
1108:) and is referenced by Suetonius as being easily manipulated. This is particularly evident during his marriage to Agrippina the Younger, his niece. Messalina saw several members of the dynasty eliminated, notably arranging for the executions of Claudius' nieces
601:(grandson of the emperor Tiberius) shortly before executing him. Claudius adopted his great-nephew and stepson Nero, who, lacking a natural or adopted son of his own, ended the reign of the Julio-Claudian dynasty with his fall from power and subsequent suicide.
737:. The younger Agrippina was a daughter of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder, as well as Caligula's sister. Through his mother, Nero was related by blood to the Julian and Claudian branches of the Imperial family. However, he was born into the
1630:
Claudius was the great-nephew of
Augustus, as well as the nephew of Tiberius (and the only Julio-Claudian who was not adopted); his mother Antonia was the daughter of Augustus' sister Octavia, and his father Drusus was the brother of
921:, of murdering him at Tiberius's orders. With Germanicus dead, Tiberius began elevating his own son Drusus to replace him as the Imperial successor. By this time Tiberius had left more of the day-to-day running of the Empire to
855:
Gaius and Lucius, the first two children of Julia and
Agrippa, were adopted by Augustus and became heirs to the throne; however, Augustus also showed great favour toward his wife Livia's two children from her first marriage:
1086:
Despite his lack of political experience, and the disapproval of the people of Rome, Claudius proved to be an able administrator and a great builder of public works. His reign saw an expansion of the empire, including the
887:
being executed for conspiracy, Augustus was forced to recognize
Tiberius as the next Roman emperor. Augustus banished his grandson Postumus Agrippa, who was adopted after the death of his brothers, to the small island of
929:
played up to
Tiberius' growing paranoia, which made him more reliant on Sejanus, as well as allowing Sejanus to eliminate potential rivals. Victims of this reign of terror related to the imperial family included
1905:
2517:
990:
Tiberius was succeeded by Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, the sole-remaining son of his nephew and adopted son Germanicus. The new emperor was a great grandson of Augustus through his mother
586:
ultimately became a tool that most Julio-Claudian emperors utilized in order to promote their chosen heir to the front of the succession. Augustus—himself an adopted son of his great-uncle, the
1774:
as a dangerous world where scheming family members were all too ready to murder the direct heirs so as to bring themselves, their own immediate families, or their lovers closer to the succession.
1496:
909:
Despite his difficult relationship with the Senate, Tiberius' first years were generally good. He stayed true to Augustus's plans for the succession and favoured his adopted son and nephew
875:. After the early deaths of both Lucius (AD 2) and Gaius (AD 4) and the exile of both Julia the Elder and Younger for adultery, a turn of events which saw the elder Julia's half brother
1057:
and his men stopped Caligula alone in an underground passage leading to a theater. They stabbed him to death. Together with another tribune, Cornelius Sabinus, he killed Caligula's wife
944:, Germanicus' sister and the widow of Tiberius' son Drusus the Younger, who had since died, in AD 25, but later had withdrawn his objections so that, in AD 30, Sejanus was betrothed to
2543:
1302:), to become emperor. Virginius Rufus defeated Vindex's forces and Vindex committed suicide. Galba was declared a public enemy and his legion was confined in the city of Clunia.
1768:
The fact that ordinary father-son (or grandfather-grandson) succession did not occur has contributed to the image of the Julio-Claudian court presented in Robert Graves's
1634:
Nero was the great-nephew and adopted son of Claudius; his mother Agrippina, in addition to being married to Claudius, was the daughter of Claudius' brother Germanicus.
967:
Rome's second Emperor died at the port town of Misenum on 16 March AD 37, at the age of 78 years, having reigned for 23 years. Suetonius writes that the Prefect of the
5309:
1452:
1872:
There is some variation in usage; in strictly chronological contexts, it can be useful to distinguish between the long reign of Augustus and his Julio-Claudian (or
1141:
2166:(in Latin). Translated by John Carew Rolfe, Introduction by K. R. Bradley (Revised, with new introduction ed.). Cambridge, Massaschsetts. pp. 494–497.
1902:
1789:
1765:, son of Claudius, respectively) available for the succession, both were, in turn, ultimately succeeded by their great-nephews Caligula and Nero, respectively.
1627:
Caligula was the great-nephew and adoptive grandson (via the adoption of his father Germanicus) of Tiberius; his father was the son of Tiberius' brother Drusus.
906:
On 19 August AD 14, Augustus died. Tiberius had already been established as Princeps in all but name, and his position as heir was confirmed in Augustus' will.
574:
is notably absent in the history of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Augustus, Caligula and Nero failed to father biological and legitimate sons. Tiberius' own son,
3221:
1041:
Several unsuccessful assassination attempts were made on Caligula's life. The successful conspiracy that ended Caligula's life was hatched by the disgruntled
1217:, daughter of Claudius' and Messalina, he had her killed. Other relatives whom Nero was believed to have had killed were Claudius' daughter by Aelia Paetina,
6324:
2514:
1009:
When Tiberius died on 16 March AD 37, Caligula was well-positioned to assume power, despite the obstacle of Tiberius's will, which named him and his cousin
1472:
1503:
Claudius Cassius Aggripinus, Claudia Maeciana Alexandra, Claudia Vettia Agrippina, and Claudia Dryantilla Platonis, one of the women who took part in the
1476:
1133:
2096:
6723:
6718:
2849:
1480:
1468:
825:
1428:
6509:
1620:
The great-uncle/great-nephew blood relationship and/or adopted son relationship was commonly found among the rulers of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.
1464:
1369:
1244:. Nero enacted a public relief effort as well as large reconstruction projects. To fund this, the provinces were heavily taxed following the fire.
676:) was born into the Julian and Claudian branches of the Imperial family, thereby making him the first actual "Julio-Claudian" emperor. His father,
462:
1147:
Claudius' reign also included several attempts on his life. In order to gain political support, he married Agrippina and adopted his great-nephew
5939:
1432:
2195:
1015:
3108:
2540:
3650:
1638:
The other recurring relationship between emperor and successor is that of stepfather/stepson, a relationship not by blood but by marriage:
2220:
6693:
3692:
3680:
2715:
1349:
1206:
692:
respectively. Germanicus was also a great-nephew of Augustus on his mother's side and nephew of Tiberius on his father's side. His wife,
1985:
1185:, especially in the first year. In the first year of his reign, Nero had left all of the day-to-day running of the Empire to his mother
3739:
1624:
Augustus was the great-nephew and posthumously adopted son of Julius Caesar; his mother Atia was the daughter of Caesar's sister Julia.
832:, previously married to Augustus' niece, the sister of Marcellus. This marriage produced five children, three sons and two daughters:
2305:
1413:
1309:, who desired to become emperor himself, bribed the Praetorian Guard to betray Nero. Sabinus was later murdered in favour of Galba.
660:
in the process. Tiberius' connection to the Julian side of the Imperial family grew closer when he married Augustus' only daughter,
6698:
3655:
2249:
1757:
No Julio-Claudian emperor was a blood descendant of his immediate predecessor. Although Tiberius and Claudius had potential heirs (
5583:
5339:
5191:
5065:
5027:
3665:
1658:
1035:
876:
5088:
4972:
3660:
3394:
2842:
1651:
1495:
assassinated him in favour of Marcus Aurelius. Cassius' daughter, Avidia, is known to have had four children with her husband,
1031:
956:
convicted of treason and killed, along with their mother Agrippina, Tiberius appointed Caligula, Germanicus' youngest son, and
657:
2275:
5598:
4942:
3767:
3294:
2650:
2068:
2043:
1979:
1952:
1903:
https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/history/stele-names-roman-emperor-octavian-augustus-as-egyptian-pharaoh-1937308.html
1385:
1062:
2656:
2621:
5626:
5032:
4907:
4060:
2363:
Continuité gentilice et continuité familiale dans les familles sénatoriales romaines à l'époque impériale: mythe et réalité
1345:
1256:
918:
455:
6545:
6476:
6375:
5125:
3613:
2788:
1436:
1248:
828:. Marcellus, however, died of food poisoning in 23 BC. Augustus then married his widowed daughter to his loyal friend,
6340:
5966:
5747:
3284:
2395:
2370:
2144:
1341:
1263:, Caligula's second wife. The conspiracy failed and its members were executed. Vacancies after the conspiracy allowed
1194:
884:
6688:
5428:
4952:
3712:
3279:
3274:
3250:
3101:
2881:
2835:
2696:
2171:
1541:
244:
1193:, who he had killed. Agrippina was believed to have poisoned Claudius, having allegedly poisoned her second husband
1022:, as his heir. However, after Drusilla's death, Lepidus was accused of having affairs with Caligula's other sisters
6634:
4967:
3640:
3289:
3216:
1226:
1209:, a grandson of Julia the Younger, to strengthen Nero's claim, having previously arranged the death of his brother
1125:
2530:
6683:
6640:
6345:
3233:
3166:
2588:
1848:
1405:
1389:
1313:
1210:
448:
6604:
6519:
5944:
5593:
5115:
3987:
3912:
3670:
2128:
1702:
The following bullet points illustrate the lineage of Julio-Claudian emperors (adoptions included; emperors in
1397:
930:
618:
1305:
Nero had regained the control of the empire militarily, but this opportunity was used by his enemies in Rome.
1229:, brother of Marcus and Lucius Junius Silanus Torquantus, as well as Marcus' son, also named Lucius, his aunt
6713:
6609:
5249:
4483:
3061:
2085:
1222:
1137:
664:. He ultimately succeeded Augustus as emperor in AD 14 after becoming his stepfather's adopted son and heir.
593:—adopted his stepson Tiberius as his son and heir. Tiberius was, in turn, required to adopt his nephew
1259:, a governor of Syria who committed suicide after being accused of killing Germanicus, and first husband of
6426:
5907:
5384:
4323:
3927:
3379:
3094:
1361:
101:
1290:, the governor of superior Germany, was sent to put down the rebellion. To gain support, Vindex called on
1247:
By AD 65, senators complained that they had no power left and this led to the Pisonian conspiracy, led by
6599:
6193:
6183:
5988:
5682:
5434:
5377:
5264:
5058:
5022:
4947:
4706:
3762:
3645:
3191:
2903:
1117:
6416:
6168:
6078:
5978:
5588:
5557:
5541:
5269:
4982:
4646:
4538:
4308:
4080:
3902:
3810:
3675:
3618:
3049:
2945:
1830:
1591:
1329:
1202:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1784:
6387:
6292:
6173:
5618:
5531:
5470:
5133:
5002:
4095:
4050:
3977:
3897:
3845:
3835:
3787:
3134:
2951:
2933:
1317:
1088:
747:
434:
188:
1679:
Caligula was Nero's maternal uncle, being the older brother of Agrippina the Younger, Nero's mother.
6594:
6504:
6282:
6267:
6188:
6129:
5873:
5866:
5536:
5465:
5161:
4603:
4513:
4022:
4002:
3997:
3982:
3935:
3875:
3830:
3632:
2975:
1676:
Claudius was Caligula's paternal uncle, being the younger brother of Germanicus, Caligula's father.
1456:
1230:
994:
thus making him a Julian but he was also a Claudian through his father Germanicus being the son of
934:
829:
583:
557:
6616:
2127:. Translated by Schneider, Deborah Lucas; Most, Glenn W.; Psoinos, Paul (1st ed.). Berkeley:
1596:
1092:
Claudius also suffered tragic setbacks in his personal life. He married four times (to, in order,
6703:
6565:
6317:
6297:
6277:
6205:
6098:
6034:
5012:
4992:
4932:
4922:
4912:
4318:
4007:
3907:
3887:
3802:
3792:
3497:
3437:
3417:
3129:
1521:
1491:
of the empire. Cassius' rebellion ended three months into his bid for the throne when one of his
1409:
1373:
1252:
330:
2212:
6287:
5766:
5740:
5713:
5397:
5363:
5326:
5051:
5017:
5007:
4957:
4937:
4751:
4726:
4691:
4573:
4298:
3945:
3707:
3238:
3067:
2871:
1540:. Together Laenas and Bassa had at least one child, a surmised son, who was the grandfather of
1336:. Augustus' bloodline outlived his dynasty through the descendants of his first granddaughter,
1287:
1268:
1182:
1154:
With his adoption on 25 February AD 50, Nero became heir to the throne, over Claudius' own son
971:
2712:
864:. They were successful military leaders who had fought against the barbarian Germanic tribes.
6570:
6024:
6019:
5226:
5176:
5103:
4987:
4917:
4741:
4493:
4293:
4288:
4085:
3992:
3917:
3880:
3865:
3840:
3820:
3722:
3025:
3019:
1969:
1662:
1537:
1483:. In AD 175 Cassius was proclaimed emperor after he received erroneous news of the death of
1448:
1444:
1186:
1174:
1129:
1121:
1105:
1023:
763:
734:
53:
1673:
Tiberius was Claudius's paternal uncle, being the older brother of Drusus, Claudius' father.
758:
6540:
6464:
6178:
6083:
5971:
5687:
5216:
5196:
5108:
4997:
4962:
4651:
4518:
4418:
4343:
4208:
4171:
3547:
3211:
3043:
2917:
2913:
1694:
Nero, in addition to being Claudius' great-nephew, stepson and adopted son, was married to
1683:
There were several instances of Emperors being father-in-law and son-in-law to each other:
1647:
1053:
claims their motivations were mostly personal. On 24 January AD 41, the Praetorian tribune
940:
Tiberius, perhaps sensitive to this ambition, rejected Sejanus's initial proposal to marry
914:
861:
803:
799:
697:
681:
575:
206:
4641:
2737:
2365:. Unit for Prosopographical Research, Linacre College, University of Oxford. p. 596.
2297:
2009:
1783:
1568:
8:
6399:
6155:
6119:
5254:
5239:
5181:
5171:
5166:
4927:
4776:
4578:
4448:
4398:
3717:
3314:
1093:
1083:, Caligula's paternal uncle, became emperor by the instigation of the Praetorian Guards.
991:
845:
791:
693:
259:
2241:
6626:
5878:
5848:
5491:
5234:
5206:
5186:
5156:
5151:
4977:
4701:
4508:
4363:
4303:
4223:
4166:
4030:
3266:
3245:
3031:
2580:
2537:
2524:
2189:
1401:
1306:
1279:
1264:
1241:
1178:
949:
868:
4616:
1934:
1416:. Faustina and both of her children, Titus Fundanius Vitrasius Pollio (d. AD 182) and
1271:, who claimed to be an illegitimate son of Caligula, to rise in the Praetorian Guard.
960:, the son of Drusus the Younger and grandson of Tiberius, co-heirs. Drusus III's wife
6661:
6393:
6246:
6241:
6114:
6068:
6063:
6056:
6004:
5932:
5733:
5636:
5486:
5345:
5291:
5281:
5093:
4611:
4463:
4218:
4178:
4156:
3364:
2987:
2730:
Lecture and notes from CLCV 1003A (Classical Roman Civilization); Carleton University
2692:
2646:
2391:
2366:
2177:
2167:
2140:
2064:
2039:
1975:
1948:
1758:
1525:
1417:
1337:
1299:
1295:
1234:
1101:
1010:
957:
841:
598:
272:
249:
2111:
Since cruel fate has snatched from me my sons ... be Tiberius Caesar my heir to 2/3.
1661:, became the stepson of his great-uncle Claudius when the emperor married his niece
582:, although he opted to promote his adopted son Nero as his successor to the throne.
510:, from its formation (under Augustus, in 27 BC) until the last of the line, Emperor
6708:
6458:
6163:
6029:
6014:
5902:
5861:
5839:
5828:
5792:
5631:
5421:
5286:
5244:
5211:
4676:
4636:
4568:
4503:
4428:
4423:
4195:
4118:
4065:
3860:
3855:
3744:
3603:
3552:
3512:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3462:
3384:
3331:
3324:
3309:
3304:
3228:
3156:
3055:
3001:
2969:
2758:
2645:. Roman Imperial Biographies. London and New York: Taylor & Francis e-Library.
2572:
2510:
2271:
2132:
1940:
1605:
1393:
1058:
1042:
999:
968:
849:
177:
173:
1876:) successors, the four of whom together reigned about as long as Augustus himself.
6442:
6093:
6073:
6051:
5927:
5692:
5450:
5296:
5259:
4771:
4583:
4563:
4523:
4458:
4408:
4403:
4278:
4228:
4136:
3970:
3950:
3870:
3319:
3144:
2981:
2957:
2939:
2819:
2792:
2719:
2640:
2615:
2547:
2534:
2521:
1944:
1909:
1695:
1688:
1687:
Tiberius, in addition to being Augustus' stepson and adopted son, was married to
1505:
1484:
1460:
1440:
1377:
1333:
1260:
1218:
1214:
1116:, daughter of Livilla and Drusus the Younger, as well as Julia Livilla's husband
1079:
After Caligula's death, the Senate attempted and failed to restore the Republic.
1054:
880:
821:
767:
743:
661:
95:
48:
2827:
1552:
1049:
claims that the conspirators wished to restore the Republic while the historian
867:
Agrippa died in 12 BC, and Tiberius was ordered by Augustus to divorce his wife
652:), a Claudian by birth, became Augustus' stepson after the latter's marriage to
116:
6535:
6350:
6218:
6150:
6124:
6009:
5891:
5799:
5651:
5511:
5460:
5414:
5276:
4826:
4468:
4203:
4151:
4123:
4070:
4055:
4035:
3850:
3825:
3782:
3772:
3598:
3572:
3502:
3487:
3452:
3412:
3173:
2804:
2636:
2410:
2034:
Cadoux, Theodore John; Seager, Robin J. (2012). "Iulia (3) (RE 'Iulius' 550)".
1643:
1559:
1529:
1198:
1128:, son of Tiberius' first wife Vipsania by her second husband and whose brother
1019:
961:
717:
587:
530:
526:
425:
254:
200:
84:
25:
6272:
2785:
597:, the father of Caligula and brother of Claudius. Caligula adopted his cousin
6677:
6621:
6452:
6381:
5897:
5856:
5821:
5074:
4358:
4328:
4243:
3777:
3754:
3567:
3422:
3407:
3354:
3161:
2995:
2858:
1601:
1575:
1488:
1353:
1109:
1097:
1027:
953:
837:
689:
685:
626:
590:
571:
561:
480:
278:
181:
165:
6575:
2181:
1144:. Messalina herself was finally executed after being charged with adultery.
820:
Lacking any male child and heir, Augustus married his only child—a daughter—
6448:
6046:
6041:
5983:
5919:
5885:
5496:
4836:
4696:
4141:
4090:
4045:
4040:
3892:
3702:
3588:
3532:
3527:
3299:
3183:
3117:
2876:
1500:
1357:
933:, second husband of Tiberius' first wife Vipsania, who had since died, and
833:
738:
630:
614:
552:
534:
507:
228:
120:
90:
37:
2136:
6251:
6233:
6088:
5814:
5672:
5455:
5391:
5143:
5098:
4631:
4253:
4075:
3965:
3359:
2766:
2161:
1770:
1762:
1517:
1513:
1190:
1155:
1113:
945:
579:
529:
term, deriving from the two families composing the imperial dynasty: the
284:
265:
1901:
Stele names Roman Emperor Octavian Augustus as Egyptian Pharaoh. Link -
6514:
6223:
6213:
5667:
5501:
5333:
4856:
4796:
4761:
4553:
4488:
4478:
4373:
4258:
4146:
3729:
3697:
3442:
3369:
3201:
3196:
2898:
2527:
1853:
1616:
Kujula Kadphises seated right, raising hand; tripartite symbol to left.
1427:
In addition to Cassia Longina, Junia Lepida gave birth to a son called
910:
787:
733:) was a great-great-grandson of Augustus and Livia through his mother,
677:
594:
546:
221:
3086:
2584:
2560:
2059:
Spawforth, Antony; Balsdon, John P. (2012). "Vipsania Agrippina (2)".
1388:, Domitia Longina may have been the mother or maternal grandmother of
1237:, son of Julia Livia along with his wife, children and father-in-law.
6145:
5807:
5677:
5641:
5562:
4886:
4881:
4841:
4766:
4736:
4716:
4593:
4533:
4443:
4393:
4388:
4313:
4273:
4161:
4131:
3940:
3815:
3608:
3492:
3467:
3346:
3013:
1492:
1365:
1050:
194:
1528:, executed by Nero in AD 62, Julia had a daughter or step-daughter,
1030:
and he was executed. He had previously had Drusilla's first husband
964:
was later forced to commit suicide after being accused of adultery.
6470:
5786:
5756:
5567:
5526:
5370:
5201:
4846:
4831:
4821:
4806:
4721:
4711:
4681:
4671:
4666:
4656:
4558:
4473:
4353:
4338:
4268:
4248:
4238:
4233:
4213:
4012:
3593:
3557:
3447:
3374:
3206:
2908:
2576:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1421:
1381:
1205:. She saw that the dynasty's numbers dwindle with the execution of
1080:
1074:
1046:
1003:
984:
901:
857:
815:
795:
779:
771:
713:
704:
668:
644:
605:
565:
496:
492:
488:
484:
394:
381:
367:
354:
145:
65:
61:
57:
742:
suicide in AD 68, the Julio-Claudian dynasty was succeeded by the
324:
4866:
4861:
4851:
4816:
4811:
4801:
4746:
4731:
4548:
4543:
4528:
4498:
4453:
4433:
4413:
4368:
4100:
3955:
3734:
3542:
3537:
3427:
1463:. Avidius Cassius had three children with his wife (named either
1372:
and produced a daughter called Cassia Longina. The Roman general
941:
922:
889:
637:
515:
169:
40:
5043:
1835:
1400:, consul in AD 145, as well as a daughter, Fundania, married to
1002:. More commonly remembered in history by his childhood nickname
4876:
4756:
4686:
4626:
4621:
4588:
4348:
4333:
4283:
4263:
3685:
3562:
3457:
1642:
Tiberius was Augustus' stepson due to the latter's marriage to
1376:
married Cassia, who provided him with two daughters, including
1275:
872:
1782:
1312:
Nero reportedly committed suicide with the help of his scribe
1173:
Nero's early reign as being strongly influenced by his mother
6421:
4661:
4383:
4110:
3402:
2726:
Agrippina : sex, power, and politics in the early Empire
1533:
1291:
1197:. She had also arranged the deaths of Caligula's third wife,
995:
783:
653:
306:
937:, grandson of Agrippa and husband of Augustus' great-niece.
622:
there is no evidence that he ever used the name Octavianus.
5725:
4871:
4438:
4378:
3960:
3336:
2713:
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/suetonius-index.html
1817:
1532:, who married a maternal uncle of the future Roman Emperor
1283:
1189:. He was made Emperor over his step-brother, Claudius' son
1167:
1148:
775:
725:
511:
500:
406:
155:
69:
1006:, he was the third Roman Emperor ruling from AD 37 to 41.
3432:
2437:
2435:
794:; above them float the deceased members of their house:
578:
predeceased him. Only Claudius was outlived by his son,
2738:
http://www.portraitsofcaligula.com/3/miscellaneous1.htm
1578:, claim to be descended from the Julio-Claudian dynasty
1562:, claim to be descended from the Julio-Claudian dynasty
1132:
was also killed around this time, Claudius' son-in-law
753:
2432:
1360:. Although Calvina died childless, she was married to
1112:, daughter of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder, and
2673:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
2471:
2459:
2447:
2483:
2420:
2298:"Julio-Claudian dynasty | ancient Rome | Britannica"
1352:, Aemilia gave birth to several children, including
1328:
The lineage of Augustus endured into the era of the
1761:, grandson of Tiberius through his son Drusus, and
1650:were Livia's sons through her previous marriage to
883:committing suicide and Julia the Younger's husband
613:), as Caesar's adopted son and heir, discarded the
2417:, revised edition (London: Routledge, 1987), p. 32
1404:, consul in AD 128. Fundania's offspring included
1364:, whose elder brother was the short-lived emperor
1323:
5765:Gaius Octavius · Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (
2857:
2744:Poppaea Neronis Potens: Studien zu Poppaea Sabina
2689:The Sons of Caesar: Imperial Rome's First Dynasty
1669:The uncle/nephew relationship is also prominent:
1585:
1034:killed and upon the death of Agrippina's husband
6675:
2691:, London: Thames & Hudson, 2006 (hardcover,
2501:Jameson, Shelagh (1966). "Two Lycian Families".
2058:
1936:Augustus: Introduction to the Life of an Emperor
2753:, tragedy preserved with the writings of Seneca
24:
5741:
5059:
3102:
2843:
1512:Tiberius' lineage may have survived into the
1455:, Lepida's daughter by Berenicianus, married
1221:, her husband and half-brother of Messalina,
456:
2033:
1974:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 28.
1612:Laureate "Julio-Claudian" style head right.
1431:. Around AD 80 Lepidus had a daughter named
1368:. Her younger sister, Junia Lepida, married
710:Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
650:Tiberius Caesar Divi Augusti Filius Augustus
2620:(in Italian). Ed. di Storia e Letteratura.
1516:through the offspring of his granddaughter
625:Following Augustus' ascension as the first
5748:
5734:
5066:
5052:
3109:
3095:
2850:
2836:
2345:
2272:"An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Emperors"
2194:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2122:
1045:with backing by the Senate. The historian
463:
449:
47:
6724:60s disestablishments in the Roman Empire
6719:20s BC establishments in the Roman Empire
2360:
2159:
1939:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1574:Princely arms of the Gravina line of the
1414:Titus Pomponius Proculus Vitrasius Pollio
1267:, a grandson of former imperial freedman
2613:
2441:
1932:
1595:
1286:, rebelled against Nero's tax policies.
757:
731:Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
5310:Planned invasion of the Parthian Empire
3116:
2735:The Incredible, Vanishing Wives of Nero
1392:. Fundanius married Rupilia, sister of
688:, the son of Livia and the daughter of
674:Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
6676:
2635:
2477:
2465:
2453:
2385:
2269:
1967:
879:exiled for treason, Mark Antony's son
5729:
5047:
3090:
2831:
2746:, Berger & Söhne: Graz-Horn, 1995
2670:
2489:
2426:
2278:from the original on October 12, 2022
2207:
2205:
1386:Lucius Aelius Lamia Plautius Aelianus
1251:, an adoptive descendant of Triumvir
611:Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus
245:Imperial Palaces of the Palatine Hill
5627:Cultural depictions of Julius Caesar
2558:
2083:
1777:
1722:Germanicus, adopted son of Tiberius
1497:Titius Claudius Dryantianus Antonius
786:and in front of his designated heir
754:Rise and fall of the Julio-Claudians
2561:"The Marriage of Rubellius Blandus"
2552:
1437:Gaius Julius Alexander Berenicianus
13:
6694:1st century BC in the Roman Empire
2681:
2202:
1997:... never used the name Octavianus
1834:
1195:Gaius Sallustius Crispus Passienus
778:, c. AD 23, depicting the emperor
14:
6735:
5429:Ut est rerum omnium magister usus
5073:
2779:
2565:The American Journal of Philology
2340:Caligula: The Corruption of Power
1542:Sergius Octavius Laenas Pontianus
750:over the vacant Imperial throne.
564:'s adoption of his great-nephew,
6655:
6654:
6635:Felicior Augusto, melior Traiano
5707:
5706:
3068:Emperors/Despots of Thessalonica
3050:Eastern Roman/Byzantine emperors
2390:(reworked ed.). Routledge.
2342:(Touchstone, 1989), pp. viii–ix.
2014:British Broadcasting Corporation
1567:
1551:
1487:, whose survival made Cassius a
1408:, suffect consul in AD 161, and
1227:Decimus Junius Silanus Torquatus
506:This line of emperors ruled the
323:
115:
6699:1st century in the Roman Empire
6346:Augustan and Julio-Claudian art
2710:The Lives of the twelve Caesars
2659:from the original on 2021-03-09
2624:from the original on 2021-04-13
2591:from the original on 2023-07-17
2495:
2404:
2379:
2354:
2332:
2319:
2308:from the original on 2020-09-01
2290:
2263:
2252:from the original on 2022-02-22
2234:
2223:from the original on 2002-10-15
2153:
2116:
2102:from the original on 2022-08-28
1988:from the original on 2022-02-22
1968:Rowell, Henry Thompson (1962).
1849:Augustan and Julio-Claudian art
1713:, adopted son of Julius Caesar
1390:Lucius Fundanius Lamia Aelianus
1350:Marcus Junius Silanus Torquatus
1332:, the house that succeeded the
1324:Survival after the fall of Nero
1211:Lucius Junius Silanus Torquatus
1207:Marcus Junius Silanus Torquatus
540:
2614:Astarita, Maria Laura (1983).
2129:University of California Press
2077:
2052:
2027:
2002:
1961:
1926:
1914:
1895:
1866:
1824:
1586:Relationships among the rulers
1398:Lucius Plautius Lamia Silvanus
931:Gaius Asinius Gallus Saloninus
633:in 27 BC, his family became a
1:
2361:Settipani, Christian (2000).
1883:
1459:and ultimately gave birth to
1424:on the charge of conspiracy.
1223:Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix
1181:, and the Praetorian Prefect
1138:Marcus Licinius Crassus Frugi
1038:, he seized his inheritance.
5755:
5584:Gaius Julius Caesar (father)
5385:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
3681:Frontiers and fortifications
2671:Smith, William, ed. (1870).
2642:Marcus Aurelius: A Biography
2559:Syme, Ronald (Spring 1982).
2415:Marcus Aurelius, a Biography
2388:Marcus Aurelius: A Biography
1945:10.1017/cbo9781139045575.005
1888:
1735:Drusus, stepson of Augustus
1380:, later wife of the emperor
7:
5378:Commentarii de Bello Civili
3740:Decorations and punishments
2904:Crisis of the Third Century
2086:"The Testament of Augustus"
2063:. Oxford University Press.
2061:Oxford Classical Dictionary
2038:. Oxford University Press.
2036:Oxford Classical Dictionary
1923:, "Julio-Claudian emperors"
1842:
1659:Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
1274:In late AD 67 or early 68,
1068:
1036:Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
978:
895:
809:
10:
6740:
6079:Library of Palatine Apollo
4647:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
3222:historiography of the fall
2704:The Romans an Introduction
2606:
2386:Birley, Anthony R (2012).
2123:Winterling, Aloys (2011).
1831:Julio-Claudian family tree
1828:
1719:, adopted son of Augustus
1592:Julio-Claudian family tree
1589:
1203:Domitia Lepida the Younger
1165:
1072:
1061:and their infant daughter
982:
899:
813:
6649:
6584:
6558:
6528:
6497:
6490:
6435:
6409:
6368:
6359:
6333:
6310:
6260:
6232:
6204:
6138:
6107:
5997:
5959:
5918:
5847:
5838:
5778:
5763:
5701:
5660:
5611:
5576:
5550:
5519:
5510:
5479:
5443:
5406:
5355:
5318:
5225:
5142:
5124:
5081:
5028:External wars and battles
4895:
4789:
4602:
4194:
4187:
4109:
4021:
3926:
3801:
3753:
3631:
3581:
3520:
3511:
3393:
3345:
3265:
3182:
3152:
3143:
3125:
2891:
2866:
2816:
2809:
2801:
2270:Coffta, David J. (1996).
1747:, adopted son of Claudius
1318:Year of the Four Emperors
826:Marcus Claudius Marcellus
790:, with the latter's wife
656:, who divorced Tiberius'
479:comprised the first five
435:Year of the Four Emperors
293:
238:
213:
187:
161:
151:
141:
126:
111:
76:
54:The Great Cameo of France
46:
36:
21:
6689:Roman imperial dynasties
5466:Temple of Venus Genetrix
2786:Julio-Claudian Art group
2242:"Julio-Claudian Dynasty"
2213:"BBC History – Claudius"
1971:Rome in the Augustan Age
1859:
1657:Nero, biological son of
1457:Gaius Avidius Heliodorus
1384:. By her first husband,
1231:Domitia Lepida the Elder
1018:, husband of his sister
935:Decimus Haterius Agrippa
877:Publius Cornelius Scipio
830:Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
329:The statue known as the
318:Roman imperial dynasties
6319:Res Gestae Divi Augusti
6099:Caesareum of Alexandria
5023:Roman–Iranian relations
3498:Optimates and populares
2930:(27 BC–AD 68)
2811:Julio-Claudian dynasty
2329:, "II. Augustus", LXXII
1933:Galinsky, Karl (2012).
1698:, daughter of Claudius.
1691:, daughter of Augustus.
1522:Gaius Rubellius Blandus
1453:Julia Cassia Alexandria
1410:Annia Fundania Faustina
1374:Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo
1342:Lucius Aemilius Paullus
1253:Marcus Licinius Crassus
1201:and Messalina's mother
1161:
1120:, her mother's husband
1032:Lucius Cassius Longinus
1016:Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
885:Lucius Aemilius Paullus
782:seated with his mother
331:Augustus of Prima Porta
178:Greatest Priest of Rome
6684:Julio-Claudian dynasty
5967:Constitutional Reforms
5647:Julio-Claudian dynasty
5471:Caesar's Rhine bridges
5398:Poems by Julius Caesar
5364:Laudatio Iuliae amitae
5340:Constitutional reforms
5327:Lex Julia de maiestate
5033:Civil wars and revolts
4299:Sextus Pompeius Festus
3946:Conflict of the Orders
3305:Legislative assemblies
3044:Western Roman emperors
2976:Year of the 6 Emperors
2952:Year of the 5 Emperors
2946:Nerva–Antonine dynasty
2934:Year of the 4 Emperors
2928:Julio-Claudian dynasty
2872:List of Roman emperors
1839:
1652:Tiberius Claudius Nero
1617:
1449:Antiochus VIII Gryphus
1370:Gaius Cassius Longinus
1330:Nerva-Antonine dynasty
1288:Lucius Virginius Rufus
1269:Gaius Julius Callistus
1257:Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso
1134:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
972:Naevius Sutorius Macro
919:Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso
913:over his natural son,
806:
477:Julio-Claudian dynasty
341:Julio-Claudian dynasty
29:
22:Julio-Claudian dynasty
16:Roman imperial dynasty
6617:Roman Temple of Évora
6020:Porticus Argonautarum
5874:Liberators' Civil War
5089:Early life and career
4742:Simplicius of Cilicia
4494:Quintus Curtius Rufus
3723:Siege in Ancient Rome
3332:Executive magistrates
3062:Emperors of Trebizond
3026:Valentinianic dynasty
3020:Constantinian dynasty
2742:Holztrattner, Franz,
2351:Levick (2002), p. 200
2137:10.1525/9780520943148
2125:Caligula: A biography
1838:
1663:Agrippina the Younger
1646:. He and his brother
1608:(circa AD 30/50–80).
1599:
1544:, consul in AD 131.
1538:Gaius Octavius Laenas
1461:Gaius Avidius Cassius
1445:Ptolemy VI Philometor
1412:(d. AD 192), wife of
1249:Gaius Calpurnius Piso
1187:Agrippina the Younger
1175:Agrippina the Younger
1130:Servius Asinius Celer
1122:Appius Junius Silanus
1106:Agrippina the Younger
1024:Agrippina the Younger
923:Lucius Aelius Sejanus
764:Great Cameo of France
761:
735:Agrippina the Younger
182:Father of the Country
6714:68 disestablishments
6591:Temples of Augustus
6541:Gaius Julius Hyginus
6369:Parents and siblings
6139:Religious structures
6084:Theatre of Marcellus
5960:Legislative activity
5688:Marcus Junius Brutus
5599:Julia Minor (sister)
5594:Julia Major (sister)
5192:Invasions of Britain
5109:Crossing the Rubicon
4752:Stephanus Byzantinus
4657:Eusebius of Caesaria
4519:Sidonius Apollinaris
4209:Ammianus Marcellinus
3548:Tribune of the plebs
2918:Eastern Roman Empire
2914:Western Roman Empire
2724:Anthony A. Barrett,
2163:Lives of the Caesars
2093:Princeton University
1558:Coat of Arms of the
1524:. Apart from a son,
1509:of the year AD 204.
1126:Gaius Asinius Pollio
804:Nero Claudius Drusus
800:Drusus Julius Caesar
682:Nero Claudius Drusus
174:Prince of the Senate
6641:Cultural depictions
6400:Octavia the Younger
6325:Memoirs of Augustus
6156:Basilica of Neptune
6120:Gardens of Maecenas
5527:Cossutia (disputed)
4928:Distinguished women
4579:Velleius Paterculus
4419:Nicolaus Damascenus
4399:Marcellus Empiricus
3788:Republican currency
2246:www.crystalinks.com
1728:, son of Germanicus
1420:, were executed by
1094:Plautia Urgulanilla
1089:invasion of Britain
992:Agrippina the Elder
846:Agrippina the Elder
792:Agrippina the Elder
694:Agrippina the Elder
359:27 BC – AD 14
260:Gardens of Maecenas
56:depicting emperors
30:Domus Julio-Claudia
6627:Sodales Augustales
5849:Second Triumvirate
5568:Augustus (adopted)
5492:Chiaramonti Caesar
5270:Battle of the Nile
5126:Military campaigns
5104:Caesar's civil war
4702:Phlegon of Tralles
4509:Seneca the Younger
3983:Naming conventions
3713:Personal equipment
3246:Later Roman Empire
3056:Emperors of Nicaea
3032:Theodosian dynasty
3002:Britannic emperors
2791:2017-01-19 at the
2718:2006-12-03 at the
2687:Matyszak, Philip.
2598:– via JSTOR.
2546:2023-07-19 at the
2533:2023-07-13 at the
2520:2023-07-19 at the
2338:Barrett, Anthony,
2327:The Twelve Caesars
2302:www.britannica.com
2160:Suetonius (1998).
2084:Champlin, Edward.
1908:2020-05-18 at the
1840:
1618:
1473:Avidius Heliodorus
1439:, a descendant of
1406:Marcus Annius Libo
1402:Marcus Annius Libo
1344:and gave birth to
1307:Nymphidius Sabinus
1294:, the governor of
1280:Gallia Lugdunensis
1278:, the governor of
1265:Nymphidius Sabinus
1136:, and his parents
869:Vipsania Agrippina
807:
746:following a brief
721:to his full name.
619:his natural father
558:Roman family names
214:Connected families
102:Domitii Ahenobarbi
6671:
6670:
6554:
6553:
6486:
6485:
6394:Octavia the Elder
6384:(adoptive father)
6306:
6305:
6247:Via Julia Augusta
6242:Milliarium Aureum
6194:Rome and Augustus
6184:Castor and Pollux
6115:House of Augustus
6069:Porticus of Livia
6064:Porticus Octaviae
6057:Porticus Vipsania
6005:Forum of Augustus
5955:
5954:
5934:Bellum Batonianum
5723:
5722:
5607:
5606:
5487:Tusculum portrait
5346:Dictator perpetuo
5305:
5304:
5197:Ambiorix's revolt
5094:First Triumvirate
5082:Major life events
5041:
5040:
5003:Pontifices maximi
4785:
4784:
4642:Diogenes Laërtius
4464:Pliny the Younger
4219:Asconius Pedianus
4179:Romance languages
4051:Civil engineering
3793:Imperial currency
3666:Political control
3627:
3626:
3261:
3260:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3078:
2988:Illyrian emperors
2970:Barracks emperors
2826:
2825:
2817:Succeeded by
2652:978-0-415-17125-0
2503:Anatolian Studies
2070:978-0-19-954556-8
2045:978-0-19-954556-8
1981:978-0-8061-0956-5
1954:978-1-139-04557-5
1921:Brill's New Pauly
1778:Dynastic timeline
1759:Tiberius Gemellus
1526:Rubellius Plautus
1477:Avidius Maecianus
1418:Vitrasia Faustina
1396:, and had a son,
1348:. After marrying
1338:Julia the Younger
1300:Iberian Peninsula
1296:Hispania Citerior
1235:Rubellius Plautus
1102:Valeria Messalina
1065:on the same day.
1011:Tiberius Gemellus
958:Tiberius Gemellus
842:Julia the Younger
680:, was the son of
599:Tiberius Gemellus
527:historiographical
473:
472:
440:
439:
313:
312:
273:Domus Transitoria
250:House of Augustus
6731:
6658:
6657:
6495:
6494:
6459:Agrippa Postumus
6366:
6365:
6169:Apollo Palatinus
6105:
6104:
6030:Solarium Augusti
6015:Baths of Agrippa
5845:
5844:
5840:Wars of Augustus
5829:Pontifex maximus
5750:
5743:
5736:
5727:
5726:
5710:
5709:
5632:Temple of Caesar
5589:Aurelia (mother)
5517:
5516:
5422:Veni, vidi, vici
5140:
5139:
5068:
5061:
5054:
5045:
5044:
4993:Magistri equitum
4908:Cities and towns
4901:
4827:Constantinopolis
4637:Diodorus Siculus
4569:Valerius Maximus
4504:Seneca the Elder
4424:Nonius Marcellus
4192:
4191:
3745:Hippika gymnasia
3708:Infantry tactics
3614:Consular tribune
3604:Magister equitum
3553:Military tribune
3518:
3517:
3478:Pontifex maximus
3473:Princeps senatus
3463:Magister militum
3229:Byzantine Empire
3150:
3149:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3088:
3087:
2894:
2893:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2829:
2828:
2802:Preceded by
2799:
2798:
2774:Claudius the God
2676:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2556:
2550:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2343:
2336:
2330:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2209:
2200:
2199:
2193:
2185:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2131:. pp. 1–9.
2120:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2101:
2090:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1899:
1877:
1870:
1741:, son of Drusus
1606:Kujula Kadphises
1571:
1555:
1481:Avidia Alexandra
1469:Volusia Maeciana
1394:Rupilia Faustina
1362:Lucius Vitellius
1043:Praetorian Guard
1000:Drusus the Elder
969:Praetorian Guard
850:Agrippa Postumus
744:Flavian emperors
465:
458:
451:
418:
417:
384:
370:
327:
315:
314:
304:
302:
170:Pharaoh of Egypt
137:
135:
119:
51:
19:
18:
6739:
6738:
6734:
6733:
6732:
6730:
6729:
6728:
6674:
6673:
6672:
6667:
6645:
6580:
6550:
6524:
6510:Piso Caesoninus
6482:
6431:
6405:
6355:
6329:
6302:
6256:
6228:
6200:
6174:Apollo Sosianus
6134:
6103:
6094:Tropaeum Alpium
6074:Macellum Liviae
6052:Campus Agrippae
5993:
5951:
5928:Cantabrian Wars
5914:
5834:
5774:
5773:Caesar Augustus
5759:
5754:
5724:
5719:
5697:
5693:Curia of Pompey
5656:
5603:
5572:
5546:
5506:
5475:
5451:Forum of Caesar
5439:
5402:
5351:
5314:
5301:
5260:Alexandrian war
5221:
5138:
5120:
5077:
5072:
5042:
5037:
4899:
4897:
4891:
4781:
4617:AĂ«tius of Amida
4598:
4584:Verrius Flaccus
4564:Valerius Antias
4524:Silius Italicus
4459:Pliny the Elder
4404:Marcus Aurelius
4279:Cornelius Nepos
4229:Aurelius Victor
4183:
4105:
4017:
3951:Secessio plebis
3922:
3797:
3749:
3623:
3577:
3507:
3389:
3341:
3257:
3178:
3139:
3121:
3115:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3037:
3007:
2996:Gallic emperors
2982:Gordian dynasty
2963:
2958:Severan dynasty
2940:Flavian dynasty
2887:
2886:
2862:
2856:
2822:
2820:Flavian dynasty
2813:
2807:
2793:Wayback Machine
2782:
2772:Robert Graves,
2764:Robert Graves,
2720:Wayback Machine
2684:
2682:Further reading
2679:
2662:
2660:
2653:
2637:Birley, Anthony
2627:
2625:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2594:
2592:
2557:
2553:
2548:Wayback Machine
2535:Wayback Machine
2522:Wayback Machine
2515:10.2307/3642481
2500:
2496:
2488:
2484:
2476:
2472:
2464:
2460:
2452:
2448:
2440:
2433:
2425:
2421:
2409:
2405:
2398:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2337:
2333:
2324:
2320:
2311:
2309:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2281:
2279:
2268:
2264:
2255:
2253:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2226:
2224:
2211:
2210:
2203:
2187:
2186:
2174:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2121:
2117:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2032:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1991:
1989:
1982:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1931:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1910:Wayback Machine
1900:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1880:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1845:
1833:
1827:
1790:
1788:
1780:
1696:Claudia Octavia
1689:Julia the Elder
1594:
1588:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1536:by the name of
1506:ludi saeculares
1485:Marcus Aurelius
1441:Herod the Great
1429:Cassius Lepidus
1378:Domitia Longina
1326:
1261:Livia Orestilla
1219:Claudia Antonia
1215:Claudia Octavia
1170:
1164:
1118:Marcus Vinicius
1077:
1071:
1055:Cassius Chaerea
998:'s younger son
987:
981:
904:
898:
881:Iullus Antonius
818:
812:
756:
662:Julia the Elder
543:
469:
433:
424:
412:
409:
400:
397:
388:
385:
380:
374:
371:
366:
360:
357:
334:
300:
298:
234:
204:
198:
180:
176:
172:
168:
133:
131:
107:
96:Claudii Nerones
72:
32:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6737:
6727:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6704:Julii Caesares
6701:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6669:
6668:
6666:
6665:
6650:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6643:
6638:
6631:
6630:
6629:
6619:
6614:
6613:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6588:
6586:
6582:
6581:
6579:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6562:
6560:
6556:
6555:
6552:
6551:
6549:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6536:Julius Licinus
6532:
6530:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6501:
6499:
6492:
6488:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6480:
6479:(stepdaughter)
6474:
6468:
6462:
6456:
6446:
6439:
6437:
6433:
6432:
6430:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6413:
6411:
6407:
6406:
6404:
6403:
6397:
6391:
6385:
6379:
6376:Gaius Octavius
6372:
6370:
6363:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6353:
6351:Gaius Maecenas
6348:
6343:
6337:
6335:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6327:
6322:
6314:
6312:
6308:
6307:
6304:
6303:
6301:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6264:
6262:
6258:
6257:
6255:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6238:
6236:
6230:
6229:
6227:
6226:
6221:
6219:Aqua Alsietina
6216:
6210:
6208:
6202:
6201:
6199:
6198:
6197:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6142:
6140:
6136:
6135:
6133:
6132:
6127:
6125:Palazzo a Mare
6122:
6117:
6111:
6109:
6102:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6060:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6038:
6037:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6010:Campus Martius
6007:
6001:
5999:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5979:Coinage reform
5976:
5969:
5963:
5961:
5957:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5947:
5937:
5930:
5924:
5922:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5912:
5911:
5910:
5905:
5895:
5892:Bellum Siculum
5888:
5883:
5882:
5881:
5871:
5870:
5869:
5867:Forum Gallorum
5864:
5853:
5851:
5842:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5832:
5825:
5818:
5811:
5804:
5797:
5790:
5782:
5780:
5776:
5775:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5753:
5752:
5745:
5738:
5730:
5721:
5720:
5718:
5717:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5664:
5662:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5654:
5652:Caesar (title)
5649:
5644:
5639:
5637:Caesar's Comet
5634:
5629:
5624:
5620:Life of Caesar
5615:
5613:
5609:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5580:
5578:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5523:
5521:
5514:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5483:
5481:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5461:Basilica Julia
5458:
5453:
5447:
5445:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5437:
5432:
5425:
5418:
5415:Alea iacta est
5410:
5408:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5395:
5388:
5381:
5374:
5367:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5342:
5337:
5330:
5322:
5320:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5267:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5231:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5148:
5146:
5137:
5136:
5130:
5128:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5085:
5083:
5079:
5078:
5071:
5070:
5063:
5056:
5048:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4904:
4902:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4793:
4791:
4787:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4608:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4469:Pomponius Mela
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4204:Aelius Donatus
4200:
4198:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4172:Ecclesiastical
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4126:
4121:
4115:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4027:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3932:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3913:Toys and games
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3759:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3695:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3637:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3524:
3522:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3453:Vigintisexviri
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3413:Cursus honorum
3410:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3351:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3271:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3212:Western Empire
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3114:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3091:
3082:
3081:
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2892:
2889:
2888:
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2884:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:by time period
2859:Roman emperors
2855:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2832:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2815:
2814:30 BC – AD 68
2808:
2805:Roman Republic
2803:
2797:
2796:
2781:
2780:External links
2778:
2777:
2776:
2770:
2762:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2731:
2728:
2722:
2706:
2702:Anthony Kamm,
2700:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2675:. Vol. I.
2668:
2651:
2633:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2577:10.2307/293964
2551:
2494:
2492:, p. 441.
2482:
2480:, p. 185.
2470:
2468:, p. 184.
2458:
2456:, p. 191.
2446:
2431:
2429:, p. 626.
2419:
2411:Anthony Birley
2403:
2397:978-1134695690
2396:
2378:
2372:978-1900934022
2371:
2353:
2344:
2331:
2318:
2289:
2262:
2233:
2201:
2172:
2152:
2146:978-0520943148
2145:
2115:
2076:
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2051:
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2026:
2001:
1980:
1960:
1953:
1925:
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1644:Livia Drusilla
1636:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1590:Main article:
1587:
1584:
1573:
1566:
1565:
1560:Colonna family
1557:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1530:Rubellia Bassa
1465:Volusia Vettia
1435:, who married
1346:Aemilia Lepida
1340:, who married
1325:
1322:
1255:, grandson of
1199:Lollia Paulina
1166:Main article:
1163:
1160:
1104:and, finally,
1073:Main article:
1070:
1067:
1063:Julia Drusilla
1020:Julia Drusilla
983:Main article:
980:
977:
962:Aemilia Lepida
900:Main article:
897:
894:
824:to his nephew
814:Main article:
811:
808:
755:
752:
658:natural father
588:Roman dictator
566:Gaius Octavius
542:
539:
531:Julii Caesares
523:Julio-Claudian
481:Roman emperors
471:
470:
468:
467:
460:
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445:
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441:
438:
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426:Roman Republic
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52:
44:
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34:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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6382:Julius Caesar
6380:
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5898:War of Actium
5896:
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5880:
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5857:War of Mutina
5855:
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5822:Pater patriae
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5123:
5117:
5116:Assassination
5114:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5075:Julius Caesar
5069:
5064:
5062:
5057:
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5034:
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4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4359:Julius Paulus
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
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4322:
4320:
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4315:
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4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4294:Fabius Pictor
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
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4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4031:Amphitheatres
4029:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
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3808:
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3800:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3768:Deforestation
3766:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3718:Siege engines
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3687:
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3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3651:Establishment
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3620:
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3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3582:Extraordinary
3580:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3568:Promagistrate
3566:
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3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3355:Twelve Tables
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3119:
3112:
3107:
3105:
3100:
3098:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2853:
2848:
2846:
2841:
2839:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2821:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2775:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2733:Wood, Susan,
2732:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2697:0-500-25128-2
2694:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2674:
2669:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2617:Avidio Cassio
2612:
2611:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2491:
2486:
2479:
2474:
2467:
2462:
2455:
2450:
2444:, p. 27.
2443:
2442:Astarita 1983
2438:
2436:
2428:
2423:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2399:
2393:
2389:
2382:
2374:
2368:
2364:
2357:
2348:
2341:
2335:
2328:
2322:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2237:
2222:
2218:
2217:www.bbc.co.uk
2214:
2208:
2206:
2197:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2173:0-674-99570-8
2169:
2165:
2164:
2156:
2148:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2072:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2047:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2015:
2011:
2005:
1998:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1929:
1922:
1917:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1898:
1894:
1875:
1869:
1865:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1837:
1832:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1796:(27 BC–AD 14)
1795:
1792:
1791:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1577:
1576:Orsini family
1570:
1561:
1554:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1471:); they were
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1433:Cassia Lepida
1430:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1354:Junia Calvina
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1169:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1110:Julia Livilla
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:Aelia Paetina
1095:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:Julia Livilla
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
986:
976:
973:
970:
965:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
938:
936:
932:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
907:
903:
893:
891:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
865:
863:
859:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
838:Lucius Caesar
835:
831:
827:
823:
817:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
760:
751:
749:
745:
740:
736:
732:
728:
727:
722:
720:
719:
715:
711:
707:
706:
701:
699:
695:
691:
690:Octavia Minor
687:
686:Antonia Minor
683:
679:
675:
671:
670:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
646:
641:
639:
636:
632:
628:
623:
620:
616:
612:
608:
607:
602:
600:
596:
592:
591:Julius Caesar
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
572:Primogeniture
569:
567:
563:
562:Julius Caesar
559:
555:
554:
549:
548:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
509:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
466:
461:
459:
454:
452:
447:
446:
444:
443:
436:
432:
429:
427:
423:
420:
419:
416:
415:
408:
404:
403:
396:
392:
391:
383:
378:
377:
369:
364:
363:
356:
352:
351:
347:
346:
343:
342:
338:
337:
333:, 1st century
332:
326:
322:
321:
317:
316:
308:
296:
292:
287:
286:
282:
280:
279:Villa of Nero
277:
275:
274:
270:
268:
267:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
242:
241:
237:
231:
230:
226:
224:
223:
219:
218:
216:
212:
208:
202:
196:
192:
190:
186:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
166:Roman emperor
164:
160:
157:
154:
150:
147:
144:
140:
129:
125:
122:
118:
114:
110:
104:
103:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
86:
82:
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
50:
45:
42:
39:
38:Ancient Roman
35:
31:
27:
20:
6660:
6653:
6633:
6571:Via Labicana
6546:Epaphroditus
6360:
6318:
6130:Villa Giulia
6047:Diribitorium
6042:Saepta Julia
5984:Bierzo Edict
5973:leges Juliae
5972:
5940:Germanic War
5933:
5920:Roman Empire
5890:
5886:Perusine War
5827:
5820:
5813:
5806:
5800:
5793:
5785:
5770:
5712:
5705:
5646:
5619:
5497:Green Caesar
5427:
5420:
5413:
5390:
5383:
5376:
5369:
5362:
5344:
5332:
5325:
4973:Institutions
4837:Leptis Magna
4790:Major cities
4697:Philostratus
4484:Quadrigarius
4304:Rufus Festus
4167:Contemporary
3888:Romanization
3811:Architecture
3418:Collegiality
3267:Constitution
3118:Ancient Rome
2927:
2877:Roman Empire
2810:
2773:
2765:
2757:
2750:
2743:
2734:
2725:
2709:
2703:
2688:
2672:
2661:. Retrieved
2641:
2626:. Retrieved
2616:
2593:. Retrieved
2571:(1): 62–85.
2568:
2564:
2554:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2485:
2473:
2461:
2449:
2422:
2414:
2406:
2387:
2381:
2362:
2356:
2347:
2339:
2334:
2326:
2321:
2310:. Retrieved
2301:
2292:
2280:. Retrieved
2265:
2254:. Retrieved
2245:
2236:
2225:. Retrieved
2216:
2162:
2155:
2124:
2118:
2110:
2104:. Retrieved
2092:
2079:
2060:
2054:
2035:
2029:
2017:. Retrieved
2013:
2004:
1996:
1990:. Retrieved
1970:
1963:
1935:
1928:
1920:
1916:
1897:
1873:
1868:
1769:
1767:
1756:
1744:
1738:
1725:
1716:
1710:
1703:
1701:
1682:
1668:
1637:
1619:
1613:
1609:
1511:
1504:
1426:
1358:Junia Lepida
1327:
1314:Epaphroditus
1311:
1304:
1273:
1246:
1239:
1177:, his tutor
1171:
1153:
1146:
1085:
1078:
1040:
1008:
988:
966:
939:
927:
908:
905:
866:
854:
834:Gaius Caesar
819:
770:five layers
730:
724:
723:
716:
709:
703:
702:
673:
667:
666:
649:
643:
642:
634:
631:Roman Empire
624:
610:
604:
603:
570:
551:
545:
544:
541:Nomenclature
522:
520:
518:(in AD 68).
514:, committed
508:Roman Empire
505:
476:
474:
430:
421:
340:
339:
305:(deposed by
283:
271:
264:
229:gens Claudia
227:
220:
121:Roman Empire
100:
91:Octavii Rufi
83:
77:Parent house
6566:Prima Porta
6465:Nero Drusus
6252:Via Augusta
6089:Roman Agora
5815:Divi filius
5673:Mark Antony
5622:by Plutarch
5456:Curia Julia
5392:De analogia
5319:Legislation
5250:Dyrrhachium
5217:Uxellodunum
5144:Gallic Wars
5099:Gallic wars
4968:Geographers
4652:Dioscorides
4632:Cassius Dio
4254:Cassiodorus
4157:Renaissance
3763:Agriculture
3735:Auxiliaries
3676:Engineering
3513:Magistrates
3365:Citizenship
3360:Mos maiorum
3295:Late Empire
3070:(1224–1246)
3064:(1204–1461)
3058:(1204–1261)
3052:(395–1453)
3014:Tetrarchies
2882:Family tree
2795:, at Flickr
2767:I, Claudius
2708:Suetonius,
2478:Birley 2001
2466:Birley 2001
2454:Birley 2001
2325:Suetonius,
2282:October 12,
2095:: 154–165.
2019:14 February
1825:Family tree
1771:I, Claudius
1763:Britannicus
1518:Julia Livia
1514:2nd century
1242:Rome burned
1191:Britannicus
1156:Britannicus
1114:Julia Livia
946:Julia Livia
638:royal house
615:family name
580:Britannicus
431:Followed by
422:Preceded by
285:Villa Jovis
266:Domus Aurea
152:Final ruler
6678:Categories
6576:Meroë Head
6515:Germanicus
6445:(daughter)
6341:Literature
6224:Aqua Julia
6214:Aqua Virgo
6179:Mars Ultor
5989:Propaganda
5908:Alexandria
5668:Julia gens
5502:Arles bust
5435:Last words
5334:Lex Roscia
5240:Brundisium
4857:Mediolanum
4797:Alexandria
4762:Themistius
4727:Porphyrius
4554:Tertullian
4489:Quintilian
4479:Propertius
4374:Lactantius
4324:Fulgentius
4259:Censorinus
4081:Sanitation
4066:Metallurgy
4023:Technology
3988:Demography
3936:Patricians
3903:Spectacles
3861:Literature
3856:Hairstyles
3693:Technology
3443:Praefectus
3395:Government
3385:Litigation
3370:Auctoritas
3315:Centuriate
3202:Principate
3197:Pax Romana
3157:Foundation
2972:(235–284)
2899:Principate
2663:2018-06-11
2628:2018-06-11
2595:2023-07-19
2509:: 125–137
2490:Smith 1870
2427:Smith 1870
2312:2022-06-23
2256:2022-02-22
2227:2021-01-19
2106:2022-10-22
2010:"Augustus"
1992:2022-02-22
1884:References
1854:Julia gens
1829:See also:
1520:, wife of
1493:centurions
911:Germanicus
788:Germanicus
678:Germanicus
595:Germanicus
348:Chronology
294:Deposition
222:gens Julia
6610:Barcelona
6559:Portraits
6520:Marcellus
6473:(adopted)
6467:(stepson)
6461:(adopted)
6455:(adopted)
6427:Scribonia
6206:Aqueducts
6146:Ara Pacis
6025:Mausoleum
5998:Buildings
5945:Teutoburg
5808:Imperator
5771:Imperator
5678:Cleopatra
5642:Caesarism
5563:Caesarion
5542:Calpurnia
5480:Portraits
5444:Buildings
5255:Pharsalus
5235:Corfinium
5227:Civil War
5182:Octodurus
5013:Quaestors
4943:Empresses
4933:Dynasties
4923:Dictators
4898:and other
4887:Volubilis
4882:Vindobona
4842:Londinium
4767:Theodoret
4737:Procopius
4717:Polyaenus
4692:Pausanias
4594:Vitruvius
4539:Symmachus
4534:Suetonius
4444:Petronius
4429:Obsequens
4394:Macrobius
4389:Lucretius
4314:Frontinus
4289:Eutropius
4274:Columella
4224:Augustine
4214:Appuleius
4162:Neo-Latin
4137:Classical
4128:Versions
4036:Aqueducts
3978:Patronage
3898:Sexuality
3871:Mythology
3846:Education
3836:Cosmetics
3661:Campaigns
3656:Structure
3609:Decemviri
3468:Imperator
3167:overthrow
3046:(395–476)
3034:(378–455)
3028:(364–392)
3022:(305–363)
3016:(293–313)
3004:(286–297)
2998:(260–274)
2990:(268–284)
2984:(238–244)
2960:(193–235)
2954:(192–193)
2756:Tacitus,
2541:161893470
2190:cite book
1889:Citations
1631:Tiberius.
1366:Vitellius
1240:In AD 64
1142:Scribonia
1051:Suetonius
748:civil war
556:were two
537:Nerones.
521:The name
239:Estate(s)
195:Imperator
6662:Category
6529:Freedmen
6505:Agrippa‎
6498:Generals
6477:Cornelia
6471:Tiberius
6436:Children
6402:(sister)
6396:(sister)
6390:(mother)
6378:(father)
6189:Augustus
6160:Temples
6151:Pantheon
5879:Philippi
5794:Augustus
5787:Princeps
5767:Octavian
5757:Augustus
5714:Category
5683:Servilia
5551:Children
5532:Cornelia
5371:Anticato
5207:Gergovia
5202:Avaricum
5187:Morbihan
5177:Atuatuci
5157:Bibracte
5134:Mytilene
5018:Tribunes
5008:Praetors
4958:Generals
4938:Emperors
4847:Lugdunum
4832:Eboracum
4822:Carthage
4807:Aquileia
4722:Polybius
4712:Plutarch
4682:Libanius
4672:Josephus
4667:Herodian
4559:Tibullus
4474:Priscian
4449:Phaedrus
4409:Manilius
4354:Jordanes
4339:Hydatius
4269:Claudian
4249:Catullus
4239:Boëthius
4234:Ausonius
4152:Medieval
4124:Alphabet
4096:Theatres
4071:Numerals
4056:Concrete
4046:Circuses
4013:Bagaudae
4003:Adoption
3998:Marriage
3971:Assembly
3876:Religion
3851:Folklore
3831:Clothing
3826:Calendar
3783:Currency
3773:Commerce
3671:Strategy
3633:Military
3619:Triumvir
3599:Dictator
3594:Interrex
3573:Governor
3558:Quaestor
3521:Ordinary
3503:Province
3493:Tetrarch
3483:Augustus
3448:Vicarius
3438:Officium
3375:Imperium
3325:Plebeian
3285:Republic
3207:Dominate
3174:Republic
3135:Timeline
2948:(96–192)
2909:Dominate
2789:Archived
2716:Archived
2657:Archived
2639:(2001).
2622:Archived
2589:Archived
2544:Archived
2531:Archived
2518:Archived
2306:Archived
2276:Archived
2250:Archived
2221:Archived
2182:39729882
2097:Archived
1986:Archived
1906:Archived
1874:Claudian
1843:See also
1812:Claudius
1806:Caligula
1800:Tiberius
1794:Augustus
1739:Claudius
1726:Caligula
1717:Tiberius
1711:Augustus
1600:Coin of
1422:Commodus
1382:Domitian
1334:Flavians
1298:(in the
1081:Claudius
1075:Claudius
1069:Claudius
1059:Caesonia
1047:Josephus
1004:Caligula
985:Caligula
979:Caligula
975:broken.
902:Tiberius
896:Tiberius
890:Planasia
858:Tiberius
816:Augustus
810:Augustus
796:Augustus
780:Tiberius
772:sardonyx
714:cognomen
705:Claudius
669:Caligula
645:Tiberius
635:de facto
606:Augustus
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497:Claudius
493:Caligula
489:Tiberius
485:Augustus
411:AD 54–68
399:AD 41–54
395:Claudius
387:AD 37–41
382:Caligula
373:AD 14–37
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4988:Legions
4948:Fiction
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4913:Climate
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4852:Lutetia
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4732:Priscus
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4529:Statius
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4119:History
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3928:Society
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3803:Culture
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3646:Borders
3641:History
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3310:Curiate
3280:Kingdom
3275:History
3251:History
3234:decline
3192:History
3162:Kingdom
3145:History
3130:Outline
2942:(69–96)
2936:(68–69)
2751:Octavia
2607:Sources
2528:3642481
1820:(54–68)
1814:(41–54)
1808:(37–41)
1802:(14–37)
1501:senator
1489:usurper
942:Livilla
739:Domitii
629:of the
627:emperor
535:Claudii
516:suicide
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6585:Legacy
6491:Circle
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5862:battle
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4896:Lists
4877:Smyrna
4757:Strabo
4687:Lucian
4677:Julian
4627:Arrian
4622:Appian
4612:Aelian
4589:Vergil
4364:Justin
4349:Jerome
4334:Horace
4319:Fronto
4309:Florus
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3966:Tribes
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2759:Annals
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2649:
2585:293964
2583:
2394:
2369:
2180:
2170:
2143:
2067:
2042:
1978:
1951:
1648:Drusus
1604:ruler
1602:Kushan
1499:: the
1276:Vindex
1233:, and
1183:Burrus
1179:Seneca
954:Drusus
915:Drusus
873:Rhodes
862:Drusus
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802:, and
718:Caesar
576:Drusus
547:Julius
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201:Caesar
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3403:Curia
2978:(238)
2749:N.A.
2581:JSTOR
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2525:JSTOR
2100:(PDF)
2089:(PDF)
1860:Notes
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297:AD 68
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26:Latin
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4953:Film
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4439:Ovid
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3337:SPQR
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2178:OCLC
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