1830:
590:(PERC) survey reported Hong Kong and Singapore have the best judicial systems in Asia, with Indonesia and Vietnam the worst: Hong Kong's judicial system scored 1.45 on the scale (zero representing the best performance and 10 the worst); Singapore with a grade of 1.92, followed by Japan (3.50), South Korea (4.62), Taiwan (4.93), the Philippines (6.10), Malaysia (6.47), India (6.50), Thailand (7.00), China (7.25), Vietnam (8.10) and Indonesia (8.26). In 2010, the Rule of Law Index by the World Justice Project ranked Singapore number one for access to civil justice in the high-income countries group. In 2021, the Rule of Law Index ranked Singapore 17th out of 139 countries on rule of law.
153:
44:
2607:
358:
2617:
674:(PAP), observations which the Ministry of Law denied, and the ICJ subsequently defended. Littlemore's application to represent Chee Soon Juan in 2002 for another defamation suit was rejected by the High Court for his previous remarks about the judiciary that were seen as contemptuous and disrespectful.
649:
and its leaders". It also claimed that government leaders historically have used court proceedings, in particular defamation suits, against political opponents and critics, leading to a perception that the judiciary reflected the views of the ruling party in politically sensitive cases. Notable cases
685:
and favouritism in government appointments" against government leaders that led to the defamation suits, and "s such, if a serious accusation is made, the public hearing of these suits would give the defendant a prime opportunity to put forward the facts they allege. However, none of the defendants
755:
614:
called into question this impartiality and raised the issue of whether the judgments of
Singaporean courts are enforceable outside Singapore, but claims of links between the judiciary, business and the executive arm in Singapore which were alleged to suggest a real risk of judicial bias were
496:
to the Bench. Such judges came from the legal profession and academia, with the scheme's purpose being to draw expertise to the subordinate courts, giving practitioners and academics judicial experience in the process. The specialist judge scheme has not been continued.
558:
The State Courts comprise the
District and Magistrate Courts—both of which oversee civil and criminal matters—as well as specialised courts such as the coroner's courts and the Small Claims Tribunals. It hears an average of 350,000 cases per year.
759:
813:
644:
judicial power, leading "to a perception that the judiciary reflected the views of the ruling party in politically sensitive cases." In addition, Singapore's "judicial officials, especially the
Supreme Court, have close ties to the
1084:
587:
817:
1891:
2541:
1289:
913:
1201:
Peng Hong Ng (1995). Rowat, Malcolm; Malik, Waleed H.; Dakolias, Maria (eds.). "Judicial Reform in Latin
America and the Caribbean: Proceedings of a World Bank Conference ".
865:
573:
The Family
Justice Courts was established in 2017 to bring together the courts from the Supreme Court and State Courts that hear cases relating to youth and family issues.
2546:
2491:
2155:
2501:
1136:
1829:
2531:
1881:
1925:
1206:
887:
2426:
1088:
981:
477:
were abolished in 1969 and the
Criminal Procedure Code was amended in 1992 to allow for trials of capital offences to be heard before a single judge. The
1988:
1270:
2130:
1755:
1622:
2120:
1863:
933:
K.C. Vijayan, "Payout Fight Over 'Biased
Judiciary' Rejected: Firm's Final Bid to Canada's Highest Court Fails, so S'pore Court Judgment Stands",
2572:
2110:
1446:
395:
2165:
1750:
1551:
705:
839:
2248:
2125:
1853:
1304:
1094:
1009:
1912:
958:
2215:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
610:
235:
2030:
2018:
1873:
1653:
1342:
788:
729:
2582:
2025:
1960:
1858:
1810:
1506:
1309:
857:
2521:
2197:
1938:
1896:
1420:
1263:
528:
criminal and civil jurisdiction, while the High Court exercises both original and appellate criminal and civil jurisdiction. The
482:
240:
1886:
107:
368:
2496:
2171:
1483:
1314:
1218:
140:
2084:
1473:
635:
137:
1456:
1015:
667:
388:
339:
1123:
1058:
2135:
1745:
1556:
1256:
1188:
1159:
599:
2241:
2150:
1993:
1933:
1805:
1611:
1478:
1324:
1319:
1228:
Ross
Worthington (2001). "Between Hermes and Themis: An Empirical Study of the Contemporary Judiciary in Singapore".
962:
681:
noted in its 2006 country study report on
Singapore that truth was a defence to the "accusations and insinuations of
627:
1035:
2094:
2641:
2176:
1998:
1838:
891:
122:
991:
2331:
2160:
2068:
1646:
1488:
1461:
381:
344:
25:
2577:
1703:
1415:
180:
144:
670:(ICJ). This was followed by his ICJ report stating that the Singapore judiciary was compliant to the ruling
2536:
2441:
2234:
2063:
2040:
1765:
1529:
517:
478:
421:
281:
159:
1815:
1698:
1593:
1410:
616:
541:
209:
167:
2008:
1965:
1760:
1546:
1524:
1382:
1132:
710:
678:
529:
511:
417:
269:
261:
2456:
2411:
2145:
2045:
1975:
1800:
1787:
1777:
1639:
1541:
1466:
1334:
1279:
553:
429:
409:
319:
78:
65:
843:
2381:
2376:
2271:
2263:
2210:
2192:
2035:
2003:
1019:
671:
646:
448:
221:
129:
114:
1104:
608:, and is a popular jurisdiction for arbitration and trial in Southeast Asia. The Canadian case of
2476:
2391:
2371:
2321:
2291:
2281:
2055:
1770:
1724:
1688:
1577:
1572:
1534:
1441:
1392:
695:
521:
425:
313:
99:
91:
57:
2587:
2466:
2461:
2341:
2013:
1795:
1719:
1683:
1451:
1436:
1400:
631:
620:
537:
332:
200:
196:
188:
2481:
2436:
2416:
2406:
2306:
952:
568:
533:
433:
34:
1248:
781:
2506:
2421:
2401:
2286:
2276:
2140:
1693:
1405:
1125:
National
Integrity Systems: Transparency International Country Study Report: Singapore 2006
700:
230:
152:
8:
2561:
2551:
2486:
2451:
2386:
2366:
2356:
2316:
2301:
2296:
2115:
977:
733:
544:. The prime minister must consult with the Chief Justice before recommending the judges.
2592:
2511:
2471:
2446:
2361:
2336:
2326:
2311:
2089:
1205:. Judicial Reform in Singapore: Reducing Backlogs and Court Delays. Washington, D.C.:
2616:
2431:
2396:
2351:
2346:
1983:
1214:
1006:
935:
659:
455:
1662:
1237:
914:"Singapore ranked 17 out of 139 countries on rule of law, dropping three positions"
662:
observed the proceedings of a high-profile defamation suit filed by Prime Minister
651:
493:
362:
73:
447:
upon courts of equal or lower status within their jurisdiction, as opposed to the
986:
272:
655:
605:
463:
294:
289:
125:
110:
2635:
2610:
1066:
1043:
663:
217:
1241:
485:
in London was abolished in April 1994. The president has the power to grant
43:
459:
299:
2620:
304:
1210:
474:
440:
2226:
481:
is Singapore's final court of appeal after the right of appeal to the
443:
legal system, where the decisions of higher courts constitute binding
1119:
756:"Constitution of the Republic of Singapore - Part V (The Government)"
525:
444:
492:
In 2006, the subordinate courts initiated a pilot scheme to appoint
1631:
682:
640:
1099:
486:
1278:
858:"Hong Kong has best judicial system in Asia: business survey"
840:"Hong Kong has best judicial system in Asia: business survey"
604:
Singapore has a reputation for fairness and impartiality in
2156:
Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act 2019
1087:, 1 S.L.R.(R.) 198, High Court (Singapore), archived from
1005:
782:"Dean Tan Cheng Han S.C. '87 appointed Specialist Judge"
1290:
Text of the Constitution at Singapore Statutes Online
1207:
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
2166:
Third-Party Taxi Booking Service Providers Act 2015
1186:: Is the Singapore Judiciary First among Equals?".
1157:: Is the Singapore Judiciary First among Equals?",
976:
787:. National University of Singapore. 3 August 2006.
1756:Constitution of the Republic of Singapore Tribunal
1623:Constitution of the Republic of Singapore Tribunal
1203:Judicial Reform in Latin America and the Caribbean
1063:The Straits Times (reproduced on Singapore Window)
1040:The Straits Times (reproduced on Singapore Window)
1181:
1152:
666:against Jeyaretnam on behalf of the Geneva-based
2633:
2121:Liquor Control (Supply and Consumption) Act 2015
1227:
1033:
2111:Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act 2021
816:. Attorney-General of Singapore. Archived from
758:. Attorney-General of Singapore. Archived from
1118:
1036:"QC's report made false statements, says Govt"
706:Judicial officers of the Republic of Singapore
454:The current criminal code was preceded by the
2242:
2126:Medical (Therapy, Education and Research) Act
1647:
1264:
947:
945:
686:have proved the truth of their allegations."
389:
1200:
959:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
888:"S'pore justice system top in global survey"
732:. Supreme Court of Singapore. Archived from
2216:List of acts of the Parliament of Singapore
1011:ICJ condemns parody of justice in Singapore
611:Oakwell Engineering v. Enernorth Industries
536:and High Court Judges are appointed by the
2249:
2235:
1654:
1640:
1271:
1257:
1092:
1059:"ICJ defends observer Littlemore's report"
942:
396:
382:
1280:Constitution of the Republic of Singapore
650:include those against opposition leaders
428:, and the subordinate courts, namely the
1961:Singapore International Mediation Centre
1811:Presidential Council for Minority Rights
1507:Presidential Council for Minority Rights
593:
562:
2256:
2198:Integrated Electronic Litigation System
1989:Criminal Law (Temporary Provisions) Act
588:Political and Economic Risk Consultancy
483:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
458:which was adopted when Singapore was a
2634:
2131:Mental Health (Care and Treatment) Act
1892:Relevant and irrelevant considerations
2230:
2172:Transboundary Haze Pollution Act 2014
1635:
1484:Non-constituency Member of Parliament
1252:
794:from the original on 19 December 2013
2085:Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act
1661:
1142:from the original on 17 October 2011
451:legal system in continental Europe.
2026:Prevention of Human Trafficking Act
1034:Warren Fernandez (3 October 1997),
1016:International Commission of Jurists
730:"Supreme Court Singapore - History"
668:International Commission of Jurists
540:from candidates recommended by the
13:
2136:Newspaper and Printing Presses Act
1897:Substantive legitimate expectation
1189:Pacific Rim Law and Policy Journal
1175:
1160:Pacific Rim Law and Policy Journal
600:Judicial independence in Singapore
516:The Supreme Court consists of the
14:
2653:
2151:Personal Data Protection Act 2012
1939:Procedural legitimate expectation
1603:Special powers against subversion
1479:Group Representation Constituency
1095:"Chee loses bid for help in case"
1065:, 23 October 1997, archived from
963:United States Department of State
868:from the original on 14 June 2020
814:"Supreme Court of Judicature Act"
628:United States Department of State
2615:
2606:
2605:
2095:Administration of Muslim Law Act
1828:
524:. The Court of Appeal exercises
505:
356:
151:
42:
2177:Workplace Safety and Health Act
1112:
1074:
1051:
1027:
999:
982:"Political storm over a teacup"
970:
547:
500:
2573:British Indian Ocean Territory
2161:Silver Support Scheme Act 2015
2031:Protection from Harassment Act
2019:Section 377A of the Penal Code
1489:Nominated Member of Parliament
927:
906:
880:
850:
832:
806:
774:
748:
722:
489:on the advice of the cabinet.
1:
716:
576:
2041:Undesirable Publications Act
1854:Exclusion of judicial review
1305:Exclusion of judicial review
1093:Mark Baker (20 April 2002),
615:dismissed in appeals to the
414:judicial system of Singapore
7:
1816:Singaporean nationality law
1594:Singaporean nationality law
1182:Karen Blöchlinger (2000). "
1153:Karen Blöchlinger (2000), "
1103:, Melbourne, archived from
689:
658:. In 1997, Australian Q.C.
617:Court of Appeal for Ontario
210:Prime Minister of Singapore
10:
2658:
1966:Singapore Mediation Centre
1230:Journal of Law and Society
1133:Transparency International
711:Supreme Court of Singapore
679:Transparency International
597:
581:
566:
551:
512:Supreme Court of Singapore
509:
469:
262:Supreme Court of Singapore
2601:
2560:
2520:
2262:
2206:
2185:
2146:Payment Services Act 2019
2103:
2077:
2054:
1974:
1951:
1924:
1905:
1872:
1846:
1837:
1826:
1786:
1733:
1712:
1676:
1669:
1620:
1602:
1586:
1565:
1515:
1497:
1429:
1391:
1333:
1297:
1286:
636:Minister for Home Affairs
554:State Courts of Singapore
410:Constitution of Singapore
66:Constitution of Singapore
2322:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2211:Sources of Singapore law
2193:Electronic Filing System
2004:Organised Crime Act 2015
1498:The Presidential Council
1474:Leader of the Opposition
1315:Representative democracy
990:, London, archived from
864:. Agence France-Presse.
439:Singapore practices the
138:Leader of the Opposition
24:This article is part of
2583:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1882:Fettering of discretion
1578:Singapore Legal Service
1573:Singapore Civil Service
1242:10.1111/1467-6478.00200
1081:Re Littlemore Stuart QC
696:High Court of Singapore
2642:Judiciary of Singapore
1926:Procedural impropriety
1085:[2002] SGHC 16
632:President of Singapore
621:Canadian Supreme Court
534:Judicial Commissioners
340:Presidential elections
197:Tharman Shanmugaratnam
189:President of Singapore
1994:Internal Security Act
1887:Precedent fact errors
1806:Internal Security Act
1746:Judicial independence
1612:Internal Security Act
1557:Judicial independence
1335:Fundamental liberties
1008:(11 September 1998),
921:World Justice Project
672:People's Action Party
594:Judicial independence
586:In September 2008, a
569:Family Justice Courts
563:Family Justice Courts
434:Family Justice Courts
35:Politics of Singapore
16:National court system
2497:United Arab Emirates
2141:Pawnbrokers Act 2015
1605:and emergency powers
1325:Separation of powers
820:on 27 September 2011
701:Lawyers in Singapore
532:, Judges of Appeal,
420:which comprises the
416:is divided into the
363:Singapore portal
2524:limited recognition
2257:Judiciaries of Asia
2116:Income Tax Act 1947
1999:Misuse of Drugs Act
1952:Alternative dispute
1500:for Minority Rights
1091:on 21 August 2017;
978:Richard Lloyd Parry
762:on 18 December 2013
677:On the other hand,
123:Leader of the House
1839:Administrative law
1713:Legislative branch
1670:Constitutional law
1566:The Public Service
1298:General principles
1184:Primus Inter Pares
1155:Primus Inter Pares
1135:, pp. 23–24,
980:(4 October 1997),
965:, 28 February 2005
939:(27 January 2007).
923:. 14 October 2021.
894:on 10 January 2011
736:on 16 October 2013
2629:
2628:
2566:other territories
2224:
2223:
1984:Arms Offences Act
1947:
1946:
1824:
1823:
1751:Judicial officers
1629:
1628:
1552:Judicial officers
1220:978-0-8213-3206-1
1107:on 21 August 2017
994:on 21 August 2017
936:The Straits Times
660:Stuart Littlemore
638:have substantial
630:claimed that the
494:specialist judges
456:Indian Penal Code
406:
405:
345:General elections
2649:
2619:
2609:
2608:
2578:Christmas Island
2264:Sovereign states
2251:
2244:
2237:
2228:
2227:
1916:unreasonableness
1864:Threshold issues
1844:
1843:
1832:
1704:Attorney-General
1677:Executive branch
1674:
1673:
1663:Law of Singapore
1656:
1649:
1642:
1633:
1632:
1416:Attorney-General
1273:
1266:
1259:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1224:
1197:
1170:
1168:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1141:
1130:
1116:
1110:
1108:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1055:
1049:
1047:
1042:, archived from
1031:
1025:
1023:
1018:, archived from
1003:
997:
995:
974:
968:
966:
949:
940:
931:
925:
924:
918:
910:
904:
903:
901:
899:
890:. Archived from
884:
878:
877:
875:
873:
854:
848:
847:
842:. Archived from
836:
830:
829:
827:
825:
810:
804:
803:
801:
799:
793:
786:
778:
772:
771:
769:
767:
752:
746:
745:
743:
741:
726:
652:J. B. Jeyaretnam
398:
391:
384:
361:
360:
359:
155:
46:
21:
20:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2597:
2565:
2556:
2537:Northern Cyprus
2523:
2516:
2258:
2255:
2225:
2220:
2202:
2181:
2099:
2073:
2069:Women's Charter
2064:Matrimonial law
2050:
1970:
1953:
1943:
1920:
1901:
1868:
1833:
1820:
1782:
1766:Court of Appeal
1741:Judicial system
1734:Judicial branch
1729:
1708:
1665:
1660:
1630:
1625:
1616:
1604:
1598:
1582:
1561:
1530:Court of Appeal
1511:
1499:
1493:
1430:The Legislature
1425:
1387:
1329:
1293:
1282:
1277:
1221:
1178:
1176:Further reading
1173:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1128:
1117:
1113:
1079:
1075:
1069:on 21 June 2013
1057:
1056:
1052:
1046:on 16 June 2010
1032:
1028:
1004:
1000:
987:The Independent
975:
971:
951:
950:
943:
932:
928:
916:
912:
911:
907:
897:
895:
886:
885:
881:
871:
869:
856:
855:
851:
846:on 21 May 2011.
838:
837:
833:
823:
821:
812:
811:
807:
797:
795:
791:
784:
780:
779:
775:
765:
763:
754:
753:
749:
739:
737:
728:
727:
723:
719:
692:
602:
596:
584:
579:
571:
565:
556:
550:
518:Court of Appeal
514:
508:
503:
479:Court of Appeal
472:
422:Court of Appeal
402:
373:
369:Other countries
357:
355:
350:
349:
335:
325:
324:
309:
282:Court of Appeal
277:
273:Sundaresh Menon
256:
246:
245:
227:
183:
173:
172:
164:
160:14th Parliament
94:
84:
83:
60:
37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2655:
2645:
2644:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2613:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2567:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2011:
2009:Kidnapping Act
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1848:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1699:Prime Minister
1696:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1678:
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1976:Criminal law
1913:
1801:Human rights
1788:Constitution
1778:State Courts
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1542:State Courts
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1467:By-elections
1457:Presidential
1421:The Reserves
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1233:
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861:
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320:State Courts
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280:
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241:The Reserves
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79:Human rights
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2621:Asia portal
2522:States with
2442:Philippines
2382:South Korea
2377:North Korea
2272:Afghanistan
1587:Citizenship
1320:Rule of law
1213:: 127–133.
1151:. See also
824:18 December
798:18 December
766:18 December
740:18 December
475:Jury trials
92:Legislature
2502:Uzbekistan
2477:Tajikistan
2392:Kyrgyzstan
2372:Kazakhstan
2292:Bangladesh
2282:Azerbaijan
2168:(Repealed)
2056:Family law
2014:Penal Code
1954:resolution
1914:Wednesbury
1874:Illegality
1771:High Court
1725:Parliament
1689:Government
1535:High Court
1442:Parliament
1378:Article 16
1373:Article 15
1368:Article 14
1363:Article 13
1358:Article 12
1353:Article 11
1348:Article 10
1236:(4): 490.
1211:World Bank
1131:, Berlin:
717:References
577:Perception
522:High Court
441:common law
426:High Court
408:Under the
314:High Court
236:Ministries
100:Parliament
58:Government
2588:Hong Kong
2542:Palestine
2467:Sri Lanka
2462:Singapore
2342:Indonesia
2186:Procedure
1796:Elections
1720:President
1684:President
1452:Elections
1437:President
1401:President
1343:Article 9
1146:22 August
954:Singapore
898:8 January
538:President
526:appellate
449:civil law
445:precedent
333:Elections
254:Judiciary
181:Executive
2636:Category
2611:Category
2532:Abkhazia
2482:Thailand
2437:Pakistan
2417:Mongolia
2412:Maldives
2407:Malaysia
2307:Cambodia
1859:Remedies
1310:Remedies
1137:archived
1122:(2006),
866:Archived
789:Archived
690:See also
683:nepotism
641:de facto
634:and the
520:and the
424:and the
26:a series
2507:Vietnam
2422:Myanmar
2402:Lebanon
2332:Georgia
2287:Bahrain
2277:Armenia
1847:General
1694:Cabinet
1462:General
1447:Speaker
1406:Cabinet
1100:The Age
872:22 July
582:Ranking
487:pardons
470:History
462:of the
290:Prakash
231:Cabinet
108:Speaker
2552:Taiwan
2487:Turkey
2452:Russia
2387:Kuwait
2367:Jordan
2357:Israel
2317:Cyprus
2302:Brunei
2297:Bhutan
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412:, the
2593:Macau
2512:Yemen
2472:Syria
2447:Qatar
2427:Nepal
2362:Japan
2337:India
2327:Egypt
2312:China
2104:Other
1140:(PDF)
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792:(PDF)
785:(PDF)
300:Chong
2432:Oman
2397:Laos
2352:Iraq
2347:Iran
1934:Bias
1215:ISBN
1148:2017
900:2011
874:2020
826:2013
800:2013
768:2013
742:2013
654:and
619:and
432:and
2564:and
1238:doi
305:Ang
295:Tay
222:PAP
130:PAP
115:PAP
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