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the water supplies in German cities had failed, saying that it would have harmed efforts to create an incipient State of Israel and would have led to charges of moral equivalence between actions of
Germans and Jews. Another effort to kill Nazi war criminals on trial at Nuremberg failed when the group was unable to find any U.S. Army guards willing to participate.
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An earlier attempt to poison the water in a number of German cities failed after Kovner was arrested by
British forces on a ship on which the poison had been hidden, and had been thrown overboard to prevent its capture. According to his son, Harmatz was thankful in retrospect that the plot to poison
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as being "seriously ill", though
American authorities thought that the arsenic had got onto the crust of the bread by accident and had been used as an insecticide. United States Army investigators found enough arsenic to have killed 60,000 people and Nakam claimed several hundred victims, but
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in 1998 that the goal of Nakam was the death of as many
Germans as possible, with the group planning "to kill six million Germans, one for every Jew slaughtered by the Germans", acknowledging that the effort "was revenge, quite simply. Were we not entitled to our revenge, too?"
132:. His youngest brother and all of his grandparents were killed and his older brother died during a military action. His despondent father committed suicide. Left alone with his mother at the age of 16, Harmatz left the ghetto through the sewers and joined a
323:, April 20, 1946. Accessed October 21, 2016. "Nineteen hundred German prisoners of war were poisoned by arsenic in their bread early this week in a United States camp and all are "seriously ill," United States headquarters announced tonight."
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in 2016 stated there were no deaths. Harmatz's son would later say that his father had no regret for his attempts to kill these
Germans, saying that he was only "sorry that it didn't work". In his 1998 book
186:, Nazi Germany's policy of deliberate and systematic genocide across German-occupied Europe. In April 1946, a member of the group got a job as a baker and used
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that was dedicated to efforts to avenge the deaths of the six million Jewish victims of Nazi extermination efforts in the
Holocaust. Harmatz told
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After emigrating to Israel in 1950, Harmatz worked to aid Jews resettling from countries around the world. From 1960 to 1994, he headed
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to poison 3,000 loaves of bread that were to be fed to the prisoners. Nearly 2,000 prisoners were sickened; they were described in
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234:, a Jewish non-profit organization that promotes education and training in communities around the world.
112:, a Jewish non-profit organization that promotes education and training in communities around the world.
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241:, Harmatz died on 22 September 2016, at his home at the age of 91. He was survived by two sons.
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182:, many of whom had been involved in running concentration camps and other aspects of the
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335:"Failed Jewish Holocaust survivor plot to kill Nazis still a mystery after 70 years"
273:"Joseph Harmatz, Who Led Jewish Plot to Kill Germans After World War II, Dies at 91"
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315:"Poison Bread Fells 1,900 German Captives In U.S. Army Prison Camp Near Nuremberg"
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124:, Lithuania, on 23 January 1925, Harmatz was transferred to the
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206:, Harmatz alleged that the poisoning plot had the approval of
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and plotted acts of revenge that were aimed at killing
359:"Survivor reveals 1945 plan to kill 6 million Germans"
178:, that was being used to intern 12,000 members of the
170:, a prisoner-of-war camp built on what had been the
152:), a group of 50 former underground fighters led by
104:and other Germans to avenge Jewish deaths during
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281:, September 29, 2016. Accessed October 21, 2016.
333:Associated Press in Tel Aviv (31 August 2016).
84:; 23 January 1925 – 22 September 2016) was a
16:Lithuanian Jewish partisan and philanthropist
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300:, July 25, 2008. Accessed October 21, 2016.
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108:. After emigrating to Israel, he headed
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144:After the war, Harmatz became part of
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134:band of guerrillas fighting the Nazis
166:Harmatz and his associates targeted
197:declassified documents obtained by
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120:Born into a prosperous family in
423:Lithuanian emigrants to Israel
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218:were both against the plan.
59:September 22, 2016 (Aged 91)
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96:. After the war, he joined
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172:Nazi party rally grounds
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290:Freedland, Jonathan.
413:Vilna Ghetto inmates
408:People from Tel Aviv
403:People from Rokiškis
398:Lithuanian Zionists
320:The New York Times
278:The New York Times
193:The New York Times
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418:Jewish partisans
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357:Davis, Douglas.
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311:Associated Press
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88:who fought as a
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43:January 23, 1925
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237:A resident of
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208:Chaim Weizmann
204:From the Wings
184:Final Solution
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126:Vilnius Ghetto
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86:Lithuanian Jew
74:Joseph Harmatz
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338:. Retrieved
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148:(Hebrew for
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94:World War II
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388:2016 deaths
383:1925 births
340:October 21,
154:Abba Kovner
377:Categories
245:References
226:Later life
116:Early life
292:"Revenge"
232:World ORT
210:, though
176:Nuremberg
110:World ORT
82:יוסף חרמץ
50:Lithuania
239:Tel Aviv
122:Rokiškis
90:partisan
62:Tel Aviv
46:Rakishok
364:Jweekly
188:arsenic
150:Revenge
92:during
78:Hebrew
66:Israel
428:Nakam
146:Nakam
140:Nakam
102:Nazis
98:Nakam
342:2016
309:via
214:and
56:Died
40:Born
174:in
379::
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350:^
317:,
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294:,
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252:^
180:SS
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76:(
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