Chaim Weizmann - Knowledge

1525: 1916:, noted in late 1945 that Dr. Weizmann deeply resented the sudden intrusion and reception of Norman when he arrived in Britain. Norman spoke to the Zionist conference in London. Haboker reported, "Something similar happened at the Zionist conference in London. The chairman suddenly announced to the meeting that in the hall there was Herzl's grandson who wanted to say a few words. The introduction was made in an absolutely dry and official way. It was felt that the chairman looked for—and found—some stylistic formula which would satisfy the visitor without appearing too cordial to anybody among the audience. In spite of that there was a great thrill in the hall when Norman mounted on the platform of the presidium. At that moment, Dr. Weizmann turned his back on the speaker and remained in this bodily and mental attitude until the guest had finished his speech." The 1945 article went on to note that Norman was snubbed by Weizmann and by some in Israel during his visit because of ego, jealousy, vanity and their own personal ambitions. Brodetsky was Chaim Weizmann's principal ally and supporter in Britain. Weizmann secured for Norman a desirable but minor position with the British Economic and Scientific Mission in Washington, D.C. 1944: 1580: 1381: 1572:'s troops entered Jerusalem. On 9 January 1918, all Turkish troops withdrew from the Hejaz for a bribe of $ 2 million to help pay Ottoman Empire's debts. Weizmann had seen peace with Ottoman Empire out of the question in July 1917. Lloyd George wanted a separate peace with Ottoman Empire to guarantee relations in the region secure. Weizmann had managed to gain the support of International Jewry in Britain, France and Italy. Schneer postulates that the British government desperate for any wartime advantage were prepared to offer any support among philo-Semites. It was to Weizmann a priority. Weizmann considered that the issuance of the Balfour Declaration was the greatest single achievement of the pre-1948 Zionists. He believed that the Balfour Declaration and the legislation that followed it, such as the (3 June 1922) Churchill White Paper and the 45: 2152: 2164: 2056: 2064: 532: 1325:. "Dr Weizmann ... asked when he could meet Sir Mark Sykes ... Sir Mark fixed the appointment for the very next day, which was a Sunday." They finally met on 28 January 1917, "Dr Weizmann...should take the leading part in the negotiations", was Sykes response. Weizmann was determined to replace the Chief Rabbi as Jewish leader of Zionism. He had the "matter in hand" when he met Sokolow and Malcolm at Thatched House on Monday 5 February 1917. Moses Gaster was very reluctant to step aside. Weizmann had a considerable following, yet was not involved in the discussions with 869: 1271:, President of the Local Government Board, who was now converted to Zionism. On 10 December 1914 at Whitehall, Samuel offered Weizmann a Jewish homeland complete with funded developments. Ecstatic, Weizmann returned to Westminster to arrange a meeting with Balfour, who was also on the War Council. He had first met the Conservatives in 1906, but after being moved to tears at 12 Carlton Gardens, on 12 December 1914, Balfour told Weizmann "it is a great cause and I understand it." Weizmann had another meeting in Paris with 361: 1010: 4814: 1614:, creating local branches in Berlin, and serving twice (1920–31, 1935–46) as president of the World Zionist Organization. Unrest amongst Arab antagonism to a Jewish presence in Palestine increased, erupting into riots. Weizmann remained loyal to Britain, tried to shift the blame onto dark forces. The French were commonly blamed for discontent, as scapegoats for Imperial liberalism. Zionists began to believe racism existed within the administration, which remained inadequately policed. 1553: 5173: 1021:. Weizmann saw great promise in science as a means to bring peace and prosperity to the area. As stated in his own words "I trust and feel sure in my heart that science will bring to this land both peace and a renewal of its youth, creating here the springs of a new spiritual and material life. I speak of both science for its own sake and science as a means to an end." His efforts led in 1934 to the creation of the Daniel Sieff Research Institute (later renamed the 5161: 4897: 4857: 5149: 1705: 617:. Getzowa and Weizmann were together for four years before Weizmann, who became romantically involved with Vera Khatzman in 1900, confessed to Getzowa that he was seeing another woman. He did not tell the family he was leaving Getzowa until 1903. His fellow students held a mock trial and ruled that Weitzman should uphold his commitment and marry Getzowa, even if he later divorced her. Weizmann ignored their advice. 1224:. From 1914, "a benevolent goodwill toward the Zionist idea" emerged in Britain when intelligence revealed how the Jewish Question could support imperial interests against the Ottomans. Many of Weizmann's contacts revealed the extent of the uncertainty in Palestine. From 1914 to 1918, Weizmann developed his political skills mixing easily in powerful circles. On 7 and 8 November 1914, he had a meeting with 1493:

regiment. In August 1917, Weizmann quit both EZF and ZPC which he had founded with his friends. Leon Simon asked Weizmann not to "give up the struggle". At the meeting on 4 September 1917, he faced some fanatical opposition. But letters of support "sobering down" opposition, and a letter from his old friend Ginzberg "a great number of people regard you as something of a symbol of Zionism".

2858: 1549:, but the British miscalculated the effects of immigration to Palestine and over-estimated German control over the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans were in no position to prevent movement. Sykes reported the Declaration to Weizmann with elation all round: he repeated "mazel tov" over and over. The Entente had fulfilled its commitment to both Sharif Husein and Chaim Weizmann. 5137: 1434:

subsequent analysis has shown that the success of the motion possibly had more to do with a feeling on the part of Deputies that Lindo Alexander had failed to consult them than with a massive conversion on their part to the Zionist cause, nevertheless it had great significance outside the community. Within days of the resolution the Foreign Office sent a note to

1114:. Following mainstream Zionist rejection of that proposal, Weizmann was credited later with persuading Balfour, by then the Foreign Secretary during the First World War, for British support to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine, the original Zionist aspiration. The story goes that Weizmann asked Balfour, "Would you give up London to live in 1354:'s house with Weizmann to discuss the results of the Picot convention in Paris. Sokolow and Weizmann pressed on with seizing leadership from Gaster; they had official recognition from the British government. At 6 Buckingham Gate on 10 February 1917 another was held, in a series of winter meetings in London. The older generation of Greenberg, 1343:(also known as the Kerensky Revolution) in Russia shattered the illusion for World Jewry. Unity for British Jewry was achieved by the Manchester Zionists. "Thus not for the first time in history, there is a community alike of interest and of sentiment between the British State and Jewish people." The Manchester Zionists published a pamphlet 1414:, had left, the following morning, Lloyd George invited Weizmann to breakfast at which he promised Jewish support for Britain as the Jews "might be able to render more assistance than the Arabs." They discussed "International Control", the Russian Revolution and US involvement in the future of the Palestine Problem. The complexity of Arab 2118:, 16 of United Religious Front, 5 of Progressive Party, 4 of Sephardi List. Mapam was officially a socialist party with Mapai, but was anti-religious and so remained outside the coalition. On 2 November 1949, the anniversary of the Balfour Declaration, the Daniel Sieff Institute, much enlarged and rebuilt, was renamed the 1967:, using his extensive political expertise in the management of provisioning and supplies throughout the duration of the conflict. He was frequently asked to advise the cabinet and also brief the Prime Minister. Weizmann's efforts to integrate Jews from Palestine in the war against Germany resulted in the creation of the 1768:

Jews "for whom the world is divided into places where they cannot live and places where they cannot enter." The Commission published a report that, for the first time, recommended partition, but the proposal was declared unworkable and formally rejected by the government. The two main Jewish leaders,

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decided that the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire should be wholly separated and the newly conceived mandate-system applied to them. Weizmann stated at the conference that the Zionist objective was to "establish such a society in Palestine that Palestine shall be as Jewish as England is English,

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in Palestine by 1932. Cabinet ministers were worried about Germany playing the Zionist card. If the Germans were in control, it would hasten support for Ottoman Empire, and collapse of Kerensky's government. Curzon went on towards an advanced Imperial view: that since most Jews had Zionist views, it

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All the memos from Zionists, non-Zionists, and Curzon were all-in by a third meeting convened on Wednesday, 31 October 1917. The War Cabinet had dealt an "irreparable blow to Jewish Britons", wrote Montagu. Curzon's memo was mainly concerned by the non-Jews in Palestine to secure their civil rights.

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described him as "pre-eminently what the Jewish people call folks-mensch...a man of the people, of the masses, not of a elite". His most recent biographers challenge this, describing him as a blatant elitist, disgusted by the masses, coldly aloof from his family, callous with friends if they did not

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In his presidential statement at the last Zionist congress that he attended at Basel on 9 December 1946 he said: "Massada, for all its heroism, was a disaster in our history; It is not our purpose or our right to plunge to destruction in order to bequeath a legend of martyrdom to posterity; Zionism

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reached during the peak Brandeis years. In summer 1930, these two factions and visions of Zionism, would come to a compromise largely on Brandeis's terms, with a restructured leadership for the ZOA. An American view is that Weizmann persuaded the British cabinet to support Zionism by presenting the

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His Majesty's government view would favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, ...to use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights

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to release migrants, but they came to nothing. Weizmann also promoted a plan to bomb the death camps, but the British claimed that this was too risky, dangerous and unfeasible, due to technical difficulties. On 20 September 1945, Weizmann presented the first official documents to the British, USA,

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I think it was in Bombay recently, that there had been trouble and the Moslems had been flogged. I am not advocating flogging, but what is the difference between a Moslem in Palestine and a Moslem in Bombay? There they flog them, and here they save their faces. This, interpreted in terms of Moslem

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favoured Zionism. Montagu did not regard Palestine as a "fit place for them to live". Montagu believed that it would let down assimilationists and the ideals of British Liberalism. The Memorandum was not supposed to accentuate the prejudice of mentioning 'home of the Jewish people'. Weizmann was a

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Weizmann made very clear in his autobiography that the failure of the international Zionist movement (between the wars) to encourage all Jews to act decisively and efficiently in great enough numbers to migrate to the Jerusalem area was the real cause for the call for a Partition deal. A deal on

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We have never based the Zionist movement on Jewish suffering in Russia or in any other land. These suffering have never been the mainspring of Zionism. The foundation of Zionism was, and continues to be to this day, the yearning of the Jewish people for its homeland, for a national centre and a

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attacking Zionism and asserting that the Jewish Community in Britain was opposed to it. At the next meeting of the Board, on 15 June 1917, a motion of censure was proposed against the President, who said he would treat the motion as one of no confidence. When it was passed, he resigned. Although

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extraordinarily interesting, a rare combination of idealism and the severely practical which are the two essentials of statesmanship a perfectly clear sense conception of Jewish nationalism, an intense and burning sense of the Jew as Jew, just as strong, perhaps more so, as that of the German as

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of the British Army which fought mainly in the Italian front. After the war, he grew embittered by the rise of violence in Palestine and by the terrorist tendencies amongst followers of the Revisionist fraction. His influence within the Zionist movement decreased, yet he remained overwhelmingly

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Weizmann's personality became an issue but Weizmann had an international profile unlike his colleagues or any other British Zionist. He was President of EZF Executive Council. He was also criticized by Harry Cohen. A London delegate raised a censure motion: that Weizmann refused to condemn the

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to provide her safe passage out, and en route to Russia, she managed to reconnect with Prüfer via a German consulate. Minna was never formally charged with espionage, survived the war, and would eventually return to Palestine to work for the medical service of the Zionist women's organization,

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p. 11: 'while the Zionist movement, after much agonising, accepted the principle of partition and the proposals as a basis for negotiation'; p. 49: 'In the end, after bitter debate, the Congress equivocally approved –by a vote of 299 to 160 – the Peel recommendations as a basis for further

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to approve equivocally the Peel recommendations as a basis for more negotiation. This was the first official mention and declaration of a Zionist vision opting for a possible State with a majority of Jewish population, alongside a State with an Arab majority. The Arab leaders, headed by

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A state cannot be created by decree, but by the forces of a people and in the course of generations. Even if all the governments of the world gave us a country, it would only be a gift of words. But if the Jewish people will go build Palestine, the Jewish State will become a reality—a

1928:, stating in part: "I wish to confirm in the most explicit manner the declarations which I and my colleagues have made during the last month and especially in the last week: that the Jews stand by Great Britain and will fight on the side of the democracies." The letter gave rise to a 1259:

German or the Englishman as Englishman, and secondly arising out of that and necessary for its satisfaction and development, his demand for a country, a home land which for him and for anyone during his view of Jewish nationality can be no other that the ancient home of his race.

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was as well to support these majority voices. "If we could make a declaration favourable to such an ideal we should be able to carry on extremely useful propaganda." Weizmann "was absolutely loyal to Great Britain". The Zionists had been approached by the Germans, Weizmann told

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were inadequate for the quantity of starch needed for fermentation. The importance of Weizmann's work gave him favour in the eyes of the British Government, this allowed Weizmann to have access to senior Cabinet members and utilise this time to represent Zionist aspirations.

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was unsettling. The Triple Entente of Arab-Armenian-Zionist was fantastic to Weizmann, leaving him cold and unenthusiastic. Nonetheless, the delegation left for Paris on 31 March 1917. One purpose of the Alliance was to strengthen the hand of Zionism in the United States.

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In May 1942, the Zionists met at Biltmore Hotel in New York, US; a convention at which Weizmann pressed for a policy of unrestricted immigration into Palestine. A Jewish Commonwealth needed to be established, and latterly Churchill revived his backing for this project.

2013:, the British Governor of Palestine, had met Churchill a few days earlier, he was surprised that Churchill had changed his views in two years. On 6 November, Moyne was assassinated for his trenchant views on immigration; the immigration question was put on hold. 1694:

Should Palestine fall within the British sphere of influence, and should Britain encourage a Jewish settlement there, as a British dependency, we could have in 20 to 30 years a million Jews out there ... they would ... form a very effective guard for the Suez

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to work on the problem of synthetic rubber. Weizmann proposed to produce butyl alcohol from maize, then convert it to butylene and further to butadiene, which is a basis for rubber. According to his memoirs, these proposals were barred by the oil companies.

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key holder at the Ministry of Supply by late 1917. By 1918 Weizmann was accused of combating the idea of a separate peace with Ottoman Empire. He considered such a peace at odds with Zionist interests. He was even accused of "possibly prolonging the war".

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and Samuel Tolkowsky. While the war was raging in the outside world, the Zionists prepared for an even bigger fight for the survival of their homeland. Weizmann issued a statement on 11 February 1917, and on the following day, they received news of the

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also opposed this "barren and desolate" place as a home for Jews. In a third memo Montagu labelled Weizmann a "religious fanatic". Montagu believed in assimilation and saw his principles being swept from under by the new policy stance. Montagu, a

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proved a friend and guardian of the nascent state questioning Sykes' motivations as their dealings on Palestine were still secretive. Sokolow, Weizmann's diplomatic representative, cuttingly remarked to Picot underlining the irrelevance of the

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during World War I, Weizmann was director of the British Admiralty laboratories from 1916 until 1919. In April 1918 at the head of the Jewish Commission, he returned to Palestine to look for "rare minerals" for the British war effort in the

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to French Jewry, but on 7 February 1917, the British government recognized the Zionist leader and agreed to expedite the claim. Weizmann was characteristically wishing to reward his Jewish friends for loyalty and service. News of the

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Jewish immigration was consciously limited by the British administration. Weizmann agreed with the policy but was afraid of the rise of the Nazis. From 1933, there were year-on-year leaps in mass immigration by 50%. Prime Minister

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pledged its support for the British war effort against Nazi Germany. They raised the Jewish Brigade into the British Army, which took years to come to fruition. It authenticated the news of the Holocaust reaching the allies.

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When Weizmann died on 9 November 1952, he was buried at Rehovot. He was acknowledged as a patriot long before Israel had even begun to exist. "The greatest Jewish emissary to the Gentile world..." was one academic verdict.

660:", he was arrested for alleged espionage and Zionist activity, and executed in 1939. His fate became known to his wife and children only in 1955. Maria Weizmann was a doctor who was arrested as part of Stalin's fabricated " 2075:

Two days after the proclamation of the State of Israel, Weizmann succeeded Ben-Gurion as chairman of the Provisional State Council, a collective presidency that held office until Israel's first parliamentary election, in

2122:. The institute was a global success, attracting scientists from all over the Diaspora. In 1949 there were 20 researchers; twenty years later there were 400, and 500 students. Weizmann met with United States President 1170:, a writer who pushed for Zionist inclusivity and urged against "repressive cruelty" to the Arabs. He regularly traveled by train to London to discuss spiritual and cultural Zionism with Ginzberg, whose pen name was 1309:

to speak at the congress. He envisioned a Jewish Community worldwide so that integration was complementary with amelioration. Zionists however had one goal only, the creation of their own state with British help.

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between age of 20–39 leaving the country each year. Jabotinsky stated that his goal was to reduce Jewish population in the countries involved to levels that would make them uninterested in its further reduction.

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Weizmann met Churchill on 4 November 1944 to urgently discuss the future of Palestine. Churchill agreed that Partition was preferable for Israel over his White Paper. He also agreed that Israel should annex the

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France, and Soviets, for the restitution of property, and indemnification. He demanded that all heirless Jewish property should be handed over as part of the reparations for the rehabilitation of Nazi victims.

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and Gaster were stepping down or being passed over. "...those friends ... in close cooperation all these years", he suggested should become the EZF Council- Manchester's Sieff, Sacher and Marks, and London's

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before a crucial discussion with Chancellor of the Exchequer Lloyd George, on 15 January 1915. Whilst some of the leading members of Britain's Jewish community regarded Weizmann's program with distaste,

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partition was first formally mentioned in 1936 but not finally implemented until 1948. Again, Weizmann blamed the Zionist movement for not being adequate during the best years of the British Mandate.

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Zionists linked Sokolow and Weizmann to Sykes. Sacher tried to get the Foreign Secretary to redraft a statement rejecting Zionism. The irony was not lost accusing the government of anti-semitism.

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Sykes stressed the Entente: "We are pledged to Zionism, Armenianism liberation, and Arabian independence". On 2 December, Zionists celebrated the Declaration at the Opera House; the news of the

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as Home Secretary signed his papers, and held his British nationality until 1948, when he renounced it to assume his position as President of Israel. Chaim Weizmann and his family lived in

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in February 1942. His body was never found and he was listed as "missing". His father never fully accepted his death and made a provision in his will, in case he returned. He is one of the

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when the government drew up the May 1939 White Paper which severely curtailed any spending in the Jewish Home Land. Yishuv was put back to the lowest priority. At the outbreak of war the

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Weizmann revered Britain but relentlessly pursued Jewish freedom. He was head of the Democratic Fraction, a group of Zionist radicals who posed a challenge to Herzlian political Zionism.

1633:. At this time, simmering differences over competing European and American visions of Zionism, and its funding of development versus political activities, caused Weizmann to clash with 691:) in 1915. Minna was outed as a spy during a trip to Italy and was deported back to Egypt to be sent to a British POW camp. Back in Cairo, she successfully persuaded the consul of the 1195:

Zionists believed that anti-Semitism led directly to the need for a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Weizmann first visited Jerusalem in 1907, and while there, he helped organize the

993:(ICI) to seal the future of the Zionist homeland. Tirelessly energetic Weizmann entered London again in later October to speak for a solid hour with the Prime Minister, propped by 5248: 2647: 551:

in 1874. He was the third of 15 children born to Oizer and Rachel (Czemerinsky) Weizmann. His father was a timber merchant. From ages four to eleven, he attended a traditional

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and to Weizmann asking them to submit their proposals for a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The way had been opened to the Balfour Declaration issued in the following November.

1244:, Dr Weizmann was enthused with excitement. Cecil's personal foibles were representative of class consciousness, which the Zionists overcame through deeds rather than words. 850:

in 1940 of over 2800 people living in Britain, which included Weizmann, who were to have been immediately arrested after an invasion of Britain had the ultimately abandoned

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and Matthew Berkman,'Zionist Theories of Peace in the Pre-State Era:Legacies of Dissimulation and Israel’s Arab Minority,' in Nadim N. Rouhana, Sahar S. Huneidi (eds.),

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mentality, means: "The British are weak; we shall succeed if we make ourselves sufficiently unpleasant. We shall succeed in throwing the Jews into the Mediterranean."

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worked in his Daniel Sieff Research Institute lab, registering several patents in her name. His brother, Moshe Weizmann, was the head of the Chemistry Faculty at the

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into his garden. He was denied any actualisation of the political role he had hoped for by the Left, and had to be consoled with the Weizmann Institute's successes.

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Wechsler, S. (2024). ‘Retirement home’ or ‘symbol of purity and nobility’? David Ben-Gurion’s changing perception of the Israeli presidency. Israel Affairs, 1–11.

1641:'s successful bid to the British for an exclusive electric concession for Palestine, in spite of bitter personal and principled disputes between the two figures. 1948: 1406:

Weizmann's relations with Balfour were intellectual and academic. He was genuinely overjoyed to convince the former Prime Minister in April 1917. Just after the

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was serving with the French Army, but she was unable to influence her cousinhood to Weizmann's favour. However, when Weizmanm spoke to Charles, second son of

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take over in Petrograd. Tsarist Russia had been very anti-Semitic but incongruously this made the British government even more determined to help the Jews.

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support him, despondently alienated from Palestine, where he lived only with reluctance, and repelled by the Jewish immigrants from eastern Europe there.

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was founded facing the Golan Heights (Syrian) overlooking the Jordan River, only 5 miles from Syrian territory. Their forces had already seized Kibbutz

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in 1898 and each one thereafter. Beginning in 1901, he lobbied for the founding of a Jewish institution of higher learning in Palestine. Together with

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Concurrently, Weizmann devoted himself to the establishment of a scientific institute for basic research in the vicinity of his estate in the town of

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Stein, Leonard (1964). "Weizmann and England". London: Presidential Address to the Jewish Historical Society delivered in London, 11 November 1964.

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During World War I, at around the same time he was appointed Director of the British Admiralty's laboratories, Weizmann, in a conversation with

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Cohen, Stuart (1977) "The Conquest of a community? The Zionists and the Board of Deputies in 1917", Jewish Journal of Sociology, pp. 157-184

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on 26 January 1917, which did not reflect British policy, but already Sykes looked to Weizmann's leadership when they met on 20 March 1917.

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highlighting this need especially in the fields of science and engineering. This idea would later be crystallized in the foundation of the

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of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country, 2 November 1917.

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to discuss the evacuation plan. The plan gained the approval of all three governments, but caused considerable controversy within the

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to Palestine over the span of next ten years. The plan was first proposed on 8 September 1936 in the conservative Polish newspaper

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when London was still a marsh." Nevertheless, this had not prevented naturalization as a British subject in 1910 with the help of

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in memory of his late son. Weizmann actively conducted research in the laboratories of this institute, primarily in the field of

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James Malcolm, Origins of the Balfour Declaration: Dr Weizmann's Contribution, Oxford, St Anthony's, MEC, J&ME, LSOC/2

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in exchange for royalties. Winston Churchill became aware of the possible use of Weizmann's discovery in early 1915, and

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In Britain, he was known as Charles Weizmann, a name under which he registered about 100 research patents. At the end of

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In February 1943, the British government also rejected a plan to pay $ 3.5 million and just $ 50 per head to allow

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and the Conservatives (18 April) and another at Downing Street on 20 April. With the help of George's private secretary

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Haboker 26 October 1945. Document amongst the papers of Stephen Norman at the Central Zionist Archives in Jerusalem

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on Chaim Weizmann's laboratory at the Weizmann Institute (includes info and links on Weizmann's scientific work)

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Jews ... "for whom the world is divided into places where they cannot live and places where they cannot enter."

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and worked to obtain the support of the United States; they discussed emigration, for the establishment of the

1884: 1880: 1407: 1264: 1200: 1118:?" When Balfour replied that the British had always lived in London, Weizmann responded, "Yes, and we lived in 629: 520: 348: 4076: 1301:, for example, Samuel's cousin was strenuously opposed. Weizmann did not attend the meeting of Jewry's ruling 5303: 4831: 2119: 2034:

trucks, with tea, coffee, cocoa, and soap. In July 1944, Weizmann pleaded on Brand's behalf but to no avail.

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On 16 May 1917 the President of the Board of Deputies David Lindo Alexander QC co-signed a statement in the

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was reassured by the pledges against international terrorism, for currency regulation and fiscal controls.

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Reinharz, Jehuda (1992). "His Majesty's Zionist Emissary: Chaim Weizmann's Mission to Gibraltar in 1917".

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met in 1949, Weizmann was nominated as Mapai's candidate for president. The Revisionist Party put forward

1154:

in London. Manchester became an important Zionist center in Britain. Weizmann was mentor to Harry Sacher,

4805: 3596:

Shamir, Ronen (2013) Current Flow: The Electrification of Palestine. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

3574:

Cleveland, William L. A History of the Modern Middle East. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2004. Print. p. 225>

1649: 563:, where he displayed a talent for science, especially chemistry. While in Pinsk, he became active in the 2055: 1521:, had learnt debating skills as India Secretary, and Liberalism from Asquith, who also opposed Zionism. 1329:

at the French embassy: a British Protectorate, he knew would not require French agreement. Furthermore,

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At the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939, Weizmann was appointed as an honorary adviser to the British

1888: 1611: 1330: 997:

and his Manchester friends. At another conference on 21 February 1919 at Euston Hotel the peace envoy,

913: 450: 1602:

attempting to establish the legitimate existence of the state of Israel. At the end of the month, the

5358: 5258: 4871: 4163:"'He is living Israeli flag': The Right and the Presidency in Israel under Chaim Weizmann, 1948–1952" 3970: 3583:

Ben Halpern, A Clash of Heroes: Brandeis, Weizmann, and American Zionism (Studies in Jewish History)

3565:

Cleveland, William L. A History of the Modern Middle East. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2004. Print. p. 228

1664: 1599: 1139: 1026: 4668: 3546: 2283: 1758:

On 25 November 1936, testifying before the Peel Commission, Weizmann said that there were in Europe

1326: 464:

on 16 February 1949, and served until his death in 1952. Weizmann was instrumental in obtaining the

5323: 5283: 5213: 3827:

On 25 November 1936, testifying before the Peel Commission, Weizmann said that there are in Europe

1993: 1793:

prepared the so-called "evacuation plan", which called for the evacuation of 1.5 million Jews from

1321:, who already knew Sykes, and British intelligence, who were tired of the oppositional politics of 1111: 1034: 954: 797: 4796: 3667: 2067:

Weizmann (left) with first Turkish ambassador to Israel, Seyfullah Esin (c), and Foreign Minister

1682:

benefits of having a presence in Palestine in preference to the French. Imperial interests on the

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did little to stabilize Arab-Israeli relations. In 1936 and early 1937, Weizmann addressed the

1204: 969: 707:, with whom he had two sons. The elder son, Benjamin (Benjie) Weizmann (1907–1980), settled in 606: 307: 5022: 4101:

known as the real leader of the Hungarian Jews, see: Encyclopaedia of the Holocaust, vol.3, p.

4045: 4018: 3806: 3199: 2507: 1576:

Mandate for Palestine all represented an astonishing accomplishment for the Zionist movement.

531: 5238: 4655: 3850: 3779: 2929: 2433: 2408: 2047:

was to mark the end of our glorious deaths and the beginning of a new path leading to life."

1976: 1887:

was to take place over a ten-year period. However, the British government vetoed it, and the

1318: 1225: 946: 847: 692: 343:

process, critical to the WWI Allied war effort. Founder of the Sieff Research Institute (now

2981: 1648:, leading fund-raising for Jews trapped in Europe and Palestine. In early October 1914, the 1607:

or America American." Shortly thereafter, both men made their statements to the conference.

5198: 5193: 1989: 1779: 1512:

At the War Cabinet meeting of 4 October, chaired by Lloyd George and with Balfour present,

1360: 1178:, whence he lobbied Whitehall, beyond his job as Director of the Admiralty for Manchester. 981: 786: 782: 778: 724: 2548: 8: 4861: 4110:

Dictionary of the Holocaust: biog, geog, and terminology, (eds.) Eric Joseph Epstein and

3641: 3523: 2898: 2882: 2027:, a Jewish activist from Budapest, who wanted to evacuate 1 million Jews from Hungary on 1925: 1790: 1746: 1476: 1451: 1372:

acted as Weizmann's eyes and ears in Paris on a diplomatic mission; an Entente under the

1340: 1305:

when it met the Zionist leadership on 14 April 1915. Yehiel Tschlenow had travelled from

892: 755: 465: 457: 115: 60: 3311:

Malcolm to Sykes, 3 February 1917, Hull University Sykes Papers, DDSY/2; Schneer, p. 195

2550:

Lawrence in Arabia: War, Deceit, Imperial Folly and the Making of the Modern Middle East

908:

to produce large quantities of desired substances. He is considered to be the father of

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International Boundary Study, Jordan – Syria Boundary, No. 94 – 30 December 1969, p. 10

2778: 2243: 2192: 1964: 1820: 1565: 1505: 1365: 1302: 1217: 1163: 1080: 942: 887: 868: 851: 766: 736: 688: 637: 621: 196: 4792:

Dr. Weitzmann visits Tel-Aviv,Exhibition in the IDF&Defense establishment archives

2871:

As a research chemist, he registered some 100 patents under the name Charles Weizmann.

1236:, he approved the idea. James de Rothschild advised Weizmann to seek to influence the 827:

for about 30 years (1904–1934), although they temporarily lived at 16 Addison Road in

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Weizmann consulted several times with Samuel on the homeland policy during 1915, but

1151: 1030: 820: 751: 712: 2574: 2035: 1040:, but took over the directorship himself after Haber's death en route to Palestine. 750:, son of his brother Yechiel, a leading Israeli agronomist, became commander of the 682: 5233: 5177: 5141: 4879: 4818: 4685: 4519: 4316: 4174: 3038: 2235: 2138: 1770: 1730: 1709: 1638: 1595: 1557: 1468: 1084: 1048: 781:

in organic chemistry. That year, he joined the Organic Chemistry Department at the

661: 601:

While in Berlin, he joined a circle of Zionist intellectuals. In 1897, he moved to

587: 379: 243: 148: 83: 4179: 4162: 2995: 2823:

Weizmann Reveals Truman Promised Negev to Jews; Surrenders His British Citizenship

2224:— (January 1942). "Palestine's role in the solution of the Jewish Problem". 1857: 5165: 5094: 4925: 4801: 4774: 4296: 3893: 3679: 3674: 3615: 3553: 3183:'This Founding Father of the Jewish State Was a Serial Cheater Who Hated Israel,' 2916: 2829: 2708: 2651: 2606: 2514: 2290: 2226: 2127: 2107: 1933: 1912: 1903: 1742: 1738: 1721: 1713: 1708:

Chaim Weizmann (sitting, second from left) at a meeting with Arab leaders at the

1618: 883: 816: 805: 716: 583: 556: 107: 4767: 4262: 5109: 4945: 4918: 4523: 3066: 2332: 2182: 2039: 1968: 1899: 1845: 1634: 1584: 1501: 1472: 1411: 1400: 1388: 1373: 1335: 1314: 1268: 1221: 1167: 1132: 1095: 809: 793: 762: 732: 673: 641: 614: 548: 273: 263: 231: 227: 200: 4689: 3895:

Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization

2770: 1181: 503:. His acetone production method was of great importance in the manufacture of 5187: 5153: 5074: 4997: 4951: 4939: 4188: 2676: 2620:"Flight Lieutenant Michael Oser Weizmann | War Casualty Details 1531206" 2068: 1895: 1798: 1717: 1687: 1529: 1497: 1419: 1396: 1384: 1369: 1298: 1294: 1171: 1052: 843: 728: 704: 653: 625: 571: 268: 253: 3440:

Ginzberg to Weizmann, 5 September 1917, OUNBL, Stein Papers; Schneer, p. 318

3365:

MEC, Sykes Papers, note of a conference at 10 Downing Street on 3 April 1917

3043: 3026: 2527:

Israel at High Noon: From Stalin's Failed Satellite to the Challenge of Iran

1849: 5089: 5079: 5003: 4991: 4977: 4970: 4963: 4957: 4111: 3781:

Israel and its Palestinian Citizens: Ethnic Privileges in the Jewish State,

3747: 3052: 2750: 2665:"Ezer Weizman, Former President of Israel and Hero of 1967 War, Dies at 80" 2123: 2095: 2006: 1802: 1660: 1656: 1552: 1518: 1426:

the issue was moved up "the Agenda" to War Cabinet as a matter of urgency.

1392: 1355: 1351: 1322: 1250: 1155: 1147: 1128: 1115: 1076: 905: 839: 747: 720: 633: 564: 500: 278: 3933:

Palestine 1936: The Great Revolt and the Roots of the Middle East Conflict

1951:

in the garden of Weizmann's home at Tapley Park in the English village of

5099: 4984: 4020:

The Crime of My Very Existence: Nazism and the Myth of Jewish Criminality

3775: 3628: 3125: 2384:

Balfour and Weizmann: The Zionist, the Zealot and the Emergence of Israel

1869: 1734: 1245: 1159: 1068: 1037: 958: 950: 949:, joined Churchill in encouraging Weizmann's development of the process. 832: 669: 657: 602: 508: 5160: 2247: 937:). Weizmann transferred the rights to the manufacture of acetone to the 4932: 3992:"Chamberlain Welcomes Agency's War Aid; Says It Will Be "kept in Mind"" 3712: 3252:"Chaim Weizmann and how the Balfour Declaration was made in Manchester" 2435:

From the Shtetl to the Lecture Hall: Jewish Women and Cultural Exchange

2265: 2024: 2010: 1683: 1287: 1063:

Weizmann was absent from the first Zionist conference, held in 1897 in

901: 824: 476: 317: 294: 3431:

Weizmann to Scott, 13 September 1917, in Stein, Letters, no. 501, 7510

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Verete, M. (January 1970). "The Balfour Declaration and its makers".

4077:"Chaim Weizmann : Mais zur Gummiproduktion | Nahost – Blog" 2553:. United States: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. pp. 128–129. 2239: 1626: 1592: 1199:

as a practical means of pursuing the Zionist dream, and to found the

1175: 1119: 579: 492: 968:

tonnes of acetone during the war, although a national collection of

4478:

The Essential Chaim Weizmann: The Man, the Statesman, the Scientist

3635:

Fallen Pillars: U.S. Policy towards Palestine and Israel since 1945

3608:

The Israeli-American connection: its roots in the yishuv, 1914–1945

3412:

The Question of Palestine: British-Jewish-Arab Relations, 1914–1918

2115: 1894:

Weizmann considered himself, not Ben-Gurion, the political heir to

1704: 1690:

were important factors for British support. Weizmann wrote in 1914:

1267:'s Lloyd George who set up a meeting for a reluctant Weizmann with 986: 438: 1004: 953:

development of laboratory procedures was completed in 1915 at the

735:'s air force casualties without a known grave commemorated at the 3530:, p. 70 – Barr argues that Feisal was bribed by the British with 3201:

The Letters and Papers of Chaim Weizmann: August 1898 – July 1931

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members remaining in the ZOA, a massive decline from the high of

1480: 1018: 930: 926: 708: 665: 649: 544: 512: 504: 496: 488: 442: 216: 3935:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 101–102. 687:, and worked as a spy for Germany in Cairo, Egypt (then wartime 519:

in his honor), and was instrumental in the establishment of the

5052: 4896: 4856: 1952: 1794: 1306: 1107: 1043:

During World War II, he was an honorary adviser to the British

828: 740: 591: 552: 446: 2645:

Yechiel Weizman Another Brother of Dr. Weizman, Dies in Israel

4600:

The Balfour Declaration: The Origins of Arab-Israeli Conflict

3752:"'A Clean Cut' for Palestine: The Peel Commission Reexamined" 2438:. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. p. 59. 2111: 1956: 1220:, suggested the strategy of the British campaign against the 1124: 1064: 973: 933:

explosive propellants critical to the Allied war effort (see

610: 560: 540: 192: 4780: 555:, or Jewish religious primary school, where he also studied 4450:

A Clash of Heroes: Brandeis, Weizmann, and American Zionism

2476:

The Weizmann International Magazine of Science & People

1644:

During the war years, Brandeis headed the precursor of the

1446:

On 31 October 1917, Chaim Weizmann became president of the

676:, was the lover of a German spy (and later Nazi diplomat), 414: 402: 388: 4768:

Historical Letters and Primary Sources from Chaim Weizmann

1637:. In 1921 Weizmann played an important role in supporting 761:

Chaim Weizmann is buried beside his wife in the garden of

664:" in 1952 and was sentenced to five years imprisonment in 507:

explosive propellants for the British war industry during

4211:"Chaim Weizmann – First President of the State of Israel" 3478:

31 October 1917, 137(5–6), NA, Cab21/58.; Schneer, p. 343

1207:, he persuaded many Jews not to wait for future events, 5249:

Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United Kingdom

3130:

TECHNION: The Story of Israel's Institute of Technology

3852:

The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited

3383:

Sokolow to Weizmann, 4 April 1917, CZA, Sokolow Papers

1033:. He offered the post of director of the institute to 1025:), which was financially supported by an endowment by 785:. In 1901, he was appointed assistant lecturer at the 765:

at the Weizmann estate, located on the grounds of the

727:, he was killed when his plane was shot down over the 609:. In 1898, he attended the Second Zionist Congress in 5125: 4330: 1741:(set up by the returning Conservative Prime Minister 904:

he became known for discovering how to use bacterial

426: 417: 408: 399: 385: 4469:

Chaim Weizmann: elder statesman of Jewish Resistance

4310: 4023:. University of California Press. pp. 131–132. 2927: 2407:. New York, New York: Viking Penguin, Inc. pp. 2208:

Trial and Error: The Autobiography of Chaim Weizmann

1848:, meeting with the Polish Foreign Minister, Colonel 1146:

Gradually Weizmann set up a separate following from

468:

of 1917 and convincing the United States government

405: 4418:

Exile and Return: The Emergence of Jewish Statehood

4047:

Philosophical Witnessing: The Holocaust as Presence

3891: 3855:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 11, 48, 49. 2469:"10 things we didn't know about Dr. Chaim Weizmann" 1745:), whose job it was to consider the working of the 411: 396: 391: 382: 116:

Chairman of the Provisional State Council of Israel

5204:Academics of the Victoria University of Manchester 4367: 4074:, Harper & Brothers, New York 1949, p. 426 ff. 3958:No Way Out: The Politics of Polish Jewry 1935-1939 3808:The Letters and Papers of Chaim Weizmann: series B 3696:. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 2004. Print. p. 226 3240:, p. 109; Samuel, Memoirs, p. 139; Schneer, p. 123 2887:Invasion, 1940: The Nazi Invasion Plan for Britain 2663:Orme, William A. Jr.; Myre, Greg (25 April 2005). 2400: 2093:. The new kibbutz was named (President's Village) 1733:'s attempted reassurance on economic grounds in a 1699: 1071:, because of travel problems, but he attended the 620:Of Weizmann's fifteen siblings, ten immigrated to 2718: 2716: 2695: 2137:, where he regularly received the Prime Minister 857: 772: 715:Michael Oser Weizmann (1916–1942), fought in the 437:) 27 November 1874 – 9 November 1952) was a 16:Israeli statesman and British chemist (1874–1952) 5185: 4452:. London and New York: Oxford University Press. 3798: 3708:"What Balfour means to Jewish critics of Israel" 2978:"Chaim Weizmann Lab, Dept. of Organic Chemistry" 1537:Worldwide there were 12 million Jews, and about 1479:on the right. In 1917, he expressed his view of 5319:Academic staff of Weizmann Institute of Science 4797:Chaim Weizmann Personal Manuscripts and Letters 4489:. Vol. 25 vols. New Brunswick, New Jersey. 4395:The Balfour Declaration: Origins and Background 2958:as reported by C.P.Scott in Wilson, pp. 333–334 2840: 2748: 2169:Weizmann memorial stamp issued in December 1952 1902:(born Stephan Theodor Neumann, 1918–1946). Dr. 1005:Establishment of scientific research institutes 479:, Weizmann is considered to be the 'father' of 4541:Chaim Weizmann: The Making of a Zionist Leader 4484: 3955: 3804: 3197: 3101:University of Fribourg Department of Chemistry 2713: 1450:; he worked with Arthur Balfour to obtain the 1286:, was a watershed moment in the Great War and 559:. At the age of 11, he entered high school in 97:(as Chairman of the Provisional State Council) 5354:Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society 5038: 5015:Acting heads of state are denoted by italics. 4839: 4263:https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2024.2342131 3885: 3842: 2800:Churchill and the Jews: a lifelong friendship 1924:On 29 August 1939, Weizmann sent a letter to 1898:. Herzl's only grandchild and descendant was 511:. He founded the Sieff Research Institute in 4731:The Political Diaries of CP Scott, 1911–1928 4722:A People Apart: The Jews in Europe 1789–1939 3848: 3191: 2050: 796:to teach at the Chemistry Department of the 711:and became a dairy farmer. The younger one, 567:movement. He graduated with honors in 1892. 5309:Presidents of Weizmann Institute of Science 5269:Israeli people of Belarusian-Jewish descent 5224:British people of Belarusian-Jewish descent 5054:Presidents of Weizmann Institute of Science 3627: 2931:America in Islamistan: Trade, Oil and Blood 2394: 2392: 1975:In 1942, Weizmann was invited by President 1891:'s chairman, Chaim Weizmann, dismissed it. 73:17 February 1949 – 9 November 1952 5045: 5031: 4846: 4832: 4752:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4711:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4641:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4499:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4430:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4407:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4384:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3960:. Hebrew Union College Press. p. 136. 2783:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2575:"Jewish Women Encyclopedia, Vera Weizmann" 2352: 2350: 2197:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1972:influential outside of Mandate Palestine. 1556:Weizmann (left) with Prince Faisal, later 1313:In 1915, Weizmann also began working with 539:Chaim Weizmann was born in the village of 472:the newly formed State of Israel in 1948. 43: 4560:Chaim Weizmann: The Making of a Statesman 4475: 4178: 4016: 3811:. Transaction Publishers. pp. 102–. 3042: 2009:, where no one was living. However, when 1988:In 1939, a conference was established at 1631:Technion – Israel Institute of Technology 1610:After 1920, he assumed leadership in the 1350:On 6 February 1917 a meeting was held at 1089:Technion – Israel Institute of Technology 935:Royal Naval Cordite Factory, Holton Heath 929:. Acetone was used in the manufacture of 449:statesman who served as president of the 5274:Israeli people of British-Jewish descent 4802:Newspaper clippings about Chaim Weizmann 4557: 4538: 4507: 4487:The Letters and Papers of Chaim Weizmann 4365: 4352:. London: Second Herbert Samuel Lecture. 4215:President of the State of Israel website 4160: 4136:The Letters and Papers of Chaim Weizmann 2662: 2546: 2389: 2210:. Jewish Publication Society of America. 2062: 2054: 1942: 1703: 1578: 1551: 1523: 1379: 1180: 1008: 867: 530: 5329:Technische Universität Darmstadt alumni 4738:Wolf, Lucien (1934). Cecil Roth (ed.). 4597: 4447: 4438: 4415: 4392: 3930: 3746: 3705: 3204:. Transaction Publishers. p. 301. 3024: 2797: 2347: 2059:Weizmann in the airport in Israel, 1949 2038:took over the direct negotiations with 330:: helped establish the State of Israel. 128:16 May 1948 – 17 February 1949 5186: 4728: 4675: 4356: 4347: 3249: 3175: 2948:from the original on 12 November 2017. 2501: 2431: 590:boarding school. In 1894, he moved to 5349:Belarusian expatriates in Switzerland 5294:Ashkenazi Jews from Ottoman Palestine 5289:Ashkenazi Jews in Mandatory Palestine 5026: 4827: 4696: 4649: 4616: 4114:, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 1997 4037: 3649:from the original on 17 November 2017 2861:from the original on 16 February 2018 2844:Encyclopedia of Modern Jewish Culture 2802:. New York: Henry Holt. p. 324. 2626:from the original on 17 February 2015 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2303:The Big Bang: A History of Explosives 1910:, a Tel Aviv daily that later became 1712:, Jerusalem, 1933. Also pictured are 5334:Presidents of universities in Israel 5314:Technische Universität Berlin alumni 4737: 4576: 4466: 4043: 3825:from the original on 30 April 2016. 3374:Wilson, Scott's Diaries, pp. 273–275 3338:Wilson, Scott's Diaries, pp. 271-272 2980:. Weizmann Institute. Archived from 2910:Local Industry Owes Much to Weizmann 2683:from the original on 8 December 2017 2398: 2358:"Short life history: Chaim Weizmann" 1659:with money and supplies provided by 864:Acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation 485:acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation 341:acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation 4300: 3912:from the original on 3 January 2014 3706:Mandhai, Shafik (2 November 2017). 3694:A History of the Modern Middle East 3077:from the original on 12 August 2017 2889:, p. 260. Little Brown Book Group. 2581:from the original on 13 August 2012 2277: 1919: 1528:Weizmann holding a standard of the 1441: 1058: 640:: a brother, Shmuel, and a sister, 582:. To earn a living, he worked as a 13: 4583:. London: Elisabeth Sifton Books. 4341: 3869:from the original on 19 March 2015 2609:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 2452: 2364:from the original on 11 March 2016 2316: 2174: 1621:for a fundraiser to establish the 1617:In 1921, Weizmann went along with 1197:Palestine Land Development Company 1174:. He stayed at Ginzberg's home in 644:. Shmuel Weizmann was a dedicated 14: 5375: 5344:Belarusian expatriates in Germany 5339:British people of Israeli descent 4761: 4083:from the original on 11 July 2015 3805:Chaim Weizmann (1 January 1983). 3329:Sacher, Zionist Portraits, p. 109 3107:from the original on 16 July 2015 2489:from the original on 2 April 2015 1720:(Sharett) (standing, right), and 1083:, he presented a document to the 613:. That year he became engaged to 547:and at that time was part of the 5171: 5159: 5147: 5135: 4895: 4855: 4815:Works by or about Chaim Weizmann 4276: 4267: 4255: 4246: 3971:Jabotinsky Lost Moment June 1940 3487:Sacher, Zionist Portraits, p. 37 3250:Glancy, Josh (1 November 2012). 3218:from the original on 21 May 2016 3067:"Faculty of Chemistry | History" 3006:from the original on 4 July 2017 2329:"Biography | chaimweizmann" 2284:Chaim Weizmann Of Israel Is Dead 2162: 2150: 1983: 1591:On 3 January 1919, Weizmann met 1166:), and formed a friendship with 800:as a senior lecturer. He joined 737:Air Forces Memorial at Runnymede 378: 359: 300:Technische Universität Darmstadt 4511:Journal of Contemporary History 4485:Litvinoff, Barnet (1968–1984). 4237: 4228: 4203: 4161:Wechsler, Shoham (3 May 2023). 4154: 4141: 4129: 4117: 4104: 4095: 4064: 4010: 3984: 3975: 3964: 3949: 3924: 3769: 3740: 3727: 3699: 3686: 3661: 3621: 3599: 3590: 3577: 3568: 3559: 3540: 3517: 3508: 3499: 3490: 3481: 3472: 3469:, p. 291, n50.; Schneer, p. 342 3459: 3443: 3434: 3425: 3404: 3395: 3386: 3377: 3368: 3359: 3350: 3341: 3332: 3323: 3314: 3305: 3296: 3287: 3274: 3262:from the original on 6 May 2016 3243: 3230: 3166: 3157: 3142: 3119: 3089: 3059: 3018: 2988: 2970: 2967:Wilson, Scott's Diaries, p. 369 2961: 2952: 2921: 2903: 2876: 2834: 2816: 2791: 2742: 2730:from the original on 4 May 2012 2656: 2638: 2612: 2593: 2567: 2540: 2519: 1724:(standing, to Shertok's right). 1700:Jewish immigration to Palestine 1646:Zionist Organization of America 939:Commercial Solvents Corporation 900:While serving as a lecturer in 648:and member of the anti-Zionist 632:. Two siblings remained in the 605:to complete his studies at the 4290: 4282:Wiesgal & Carmichael, p. 2 4124:Encyclopaedia of the Holocaust 2425: 2376: 2295: 1201:Hebrew University of Jerusalem 1102:Prime Minister who was MP for 972:was required when supplies of 858:Discovery of synthetic acetone 773:Academic and scientific career 723:. While serving as a pilot in 630:Hebrew University of Jerusalem 521:Hebrew University of Jerusalem 349:Hebrew University of Jerusalem 1: 4786:The Chaim Weizmann Laboratory 4781:Weizmann Institute of Science 4777:Shapell Manuscript Foundation 4439:Gilbert, Sir Martin (2008) . 4180:10.1080/00263206.2023.2186858 3071:Weizmann Institute of Science 3000:Weizmann Institute of Science 2928:Zalloum, Abdulhay Y. (2011). 2841:Glenda Abramson, ed. (2005). 2724:"Biography of Chaim Weizmann" 2271: 2217:Autobiography: Chaim Weizmann 2120:Weizmann Institute of Science 1583:Weizmann in Jerusalem, 1920 ( 1471:and later sided with neither 1186: 1023:Weizmann Institute of Science 842:, it was discovered that the 517:Weizmann Institute of Science 304:Technische Universität Berlin 5254:Jews from the Russian Empire 5244:General Zionists politicians 4862:Heads of the State of Israel 4729:Wilson, Trevor, ed. (1970). 4719: 4480:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 3892:William Roger Louis (2006). 3537:pa to sustain the Caliphate. 3097:"Chaim Weizmann – Biography" 2301:Brown, George Ingham (1998) 2133:President Weizmann lived at 2114:, 2 Arab Democratic List of 1949:child evacuees from Plymouth 1877:Jewish communities in Poland 1747:British Mandate of Palestine 1131:, who asked for papers from 991:Imperial Chemical Industries 624:. Two also became chemists; 596:Technische Hochschule Berlin 526: 7: 5219:British emigrants to Israel 4806:20th Century Press Archives 4580:Chaim Weizmann: A Biography 4562:. Oxford University Press. 4543:. Oxford University Press. 4393:Dugdale, Mrs Edgar (1940). 4331: 4311: 4017:Berkowitz, Michael (2007). 3898:. I.B.Tauris. p. 391. 2702:Biography of Chaim Weizmann 2403:Chaim Weizmann: A Biography 1938:"Jewish declaration of war" 1185:Weizmann's passport photo, 804:in 1905 where the director 570:In 1892, Weizmann left for 10: 5380: 4699:Zionism: The Crucial Phase 4598:Schneer, Jonathan (2014). 4524:10.1177/002200949202700203 4476:Litvinoff, Barnet (1982). 4366:Crossman, Richard (1960). 4050:. UPNE. pp. 132–133. 3785:Cambridge University Press 3414:. Transaction Publishers. 3172:Lord Sieff, Memoirs, p. 67 2847:. Routledge. p. 950. 2752:Les douze piliers d'Israël 2157:Weizmann's funeral in 1952 1889:World Zionist Organization 1870:Jewish community of Poland 1686:as well as sympathy after 1612:World Zionist Organization 1448:British Zionist Federation 955:J&W Nicholson & Co 861: 777:In 1899, he was awarded a 574:to study chemistry at the 5060: 5013: 4904: 4893: 4872:Provisional State Council 4868: 4690:10.1080/00263207008700138 4558:Reinharz, Jehuda (1993). 4539:Reinharz, Jehuda (1985). 4332:Khaim Evzorovich Veytsman 4320: 3996:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 3410:Friedman, Isaiah (1973). 2051:First president of Israel 1844:The same year, he toured 1665:American Jewish Committee 1600:Faisal-Weizmann Agreement 1240:. By the time he reached 792:In 1904, he moved to the 543:, located in what is now 367: 355: 323: 313: 293: 285: 259: 249: 239: 223: 206: 175: 170: 166: 154: 142: 132: 121: 113: 101: 89: 77: 66: 58: 54: 42: 33: 30: 23: 4740:Essays in Jewish History 4724:. Oxford Modern History. 4416:Gilbert, Martin (1978). 4312:Chayyim Azri'el Vaytsman 3668:Religion: Zionist Chiefs 3614:16 February 2018 at the 3027:"Fritz Haber: 1868-1934" 2828:20 February 2014 at the 2798:Gilbert, Martin (2007). 2749:Ayache, Georges (2019). 2605:16 February 2018 at the 2547:Anderson, Scott (2013). 2257:Living History: a Memoir 2181:Weizmann, Chaim (1918). 1483:in the following words, 1112:British Uganda Programme 912:. He used the bacterium 798:University of Manchester 487:process, which produces 347:), helped establish the 31: 4905:Presidents of the State 4619:The Balfour Declaration 4617:Stein, Leonard (1961). 4348:Berlin, Isaiah (1958). 3956:Emanuel Melzer (1976). 3692:Cleveland, William L., 3673:30 January 2011 at the 3585:Oxford University Press 3454:The Balfour Declaration 3347:English Zionist Freedom 3238:The Balfour Declaration 3198:Chaïm Weizmann (1983). 2934:. Trafford Publishing. 2707:3 February 2014 at the 2386:, A & C Black, 2009 2289:25 October 2017 at the 2219:. London: Hamilton Ltd. 1833:Jews from Poland, with 1463:A founder of so-called 1279:The Future of Palestine 1273:Baron Edmond Rothschild 1251:The Manchester Guardian 1234:Nathan Mayer Rothschild 1073:Second Zionist Congress 910:industrial fermentation 812:, then Prime Minister. 802:Clayton Aniline Company 626:Anna (Anushka) Weizmann 481:industrial fermentation 337:industrial fermentation 5264:Israeli Ashkenazi Jews 5209:British Ashkenazi Jews 4678:Middle Eastern Studies 4663:Cite journal requires 4321:Хаим Евзорович Вейцман 4167:Middle Eastern Studies 3931:Kessler, Oren (2023). 3556:US Department of State 3031:Toxicological Sciences 2726:. Zionism-israel.com. 2432:Hirsch, Luise (2013). 2259:. Plunkett Lake Press. 2255:Herzog, Chaim (1996). 2083:On 2 July 1948, a new 2072: 2060: 1960: 1756: 1725: 1697: 1604:Paris Peace Conference 1588: 1561: 1533: 1490: 1461: 1403: 1327:François Georges-Picot 1261: 1214: 1192: 1085:Fifth Zionist Congress 1014: 1013:Chaim Weizmann in 1926 897: 607:University of Fribourg 536: 308:University of Fribourg 4720:Vital, David (1999). 4697:Vital, David (1987). 4577:Rose, Norman (1986). 4448:Halpern, Ben (1987). 3849:Benny Morris (2004). 3795:pp. 39-72, pp. 49-50. 3552:27 March 2009 at the 3392:Wilson, Scott, p. 306 3044:10.1093/toxsci/55.1.1 2996:"About the Institute" 2755:. Paris. p. 57. 2529:, Enigma Books, 2006 2399:Rose, Norman (1986). 2108:Prof. Joseph Klausner 2066: 2058: 1977:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1946: 1936:, that he had made a 1860:; and Prime Minister 1782:, rejected the plan. 1751: 1707: 1692: 1582: 1555: 1527: 1485: 1456: 1383: 1256: 1226:Dorothy de Rothschild 1209: 1184: 1012: 947:Minister of Munitions 871: 815:In 1910, he became a 576:Technische Hochschule 534: 374:Chaim Azriel Weizmann 180:Chaim Azriel Weizmann 5304:Presidents of Israel 5006: (2021–present) 4359:Personal Impressions 4243:Gilbert, pp. 267–268 4234:Gilbert, pp. 252-253 4044:Lang, Berel (2009). 3514:Schneer, p. 367 3356:Schneer, pp. 202-203 3256:The Jewish Chronicle 2883:Schellenberg, Walter 2305:, Sutton Publishing 1789:Ironically, in 1936 1780:Haj Amin al-Husseini 1566:Bolshevik Revolution 1282:, also known as the 1047:and did research on 1035:Nobel Prize laureate 982:Shell Crisis of 1915 787:University of Geneva 783:University of Geneva 725:No. 502 Squadron RAF 689:British protectorate 451:Zionist Organization 5364:People from Rehovot 4773:27 May 2012 at the 4357:Berlin, J. (1981). 3642:The Washington Post 3025:Witschi, H (2000). 2915:25 May 2013 at the 2899:Imperial War Museum 2650:28 May 2015 at the 2513:28 May 2015 at the 1926:Neville Chamberlain 1716:(sitting, center), 1547:William Ormsby-Gore 1477:Revisionist Zionism 1452:Balfour Declaration 1341:February Revolution 1331:James de Rothschild 1263:Scott wrote to the 1230:James de Rothschild 1164:Marks & Spencer 769:, named after him. 756:President of Israel 754:and also served as 515:(later renamed the 483:. He developed the 466:Balfour Declaration 458:president of Israel 61:President of Israel 4467:Leon, Dan (1974). 3998:. 6 September 1939 3735:A Line in the Sand 3528:A Line in the Sand 3188:12 September 2020. 2897:. Accessed at the 2669:The New York Times 2335:on 25 October 2017 2073: 2061: 1965:Ministry of Supply 1961: 1875:The evacuation of 1862:Gheorghe Tătărescu 1773:had convinced the 1726: 1589: 1562: 1534: 1506:David Lloyd George 1404: 1387:, Chaim Weizmann, 1303:Conjoint Committee 1238:British Government 1218:David Lloyd George 1193: 1045:Ministry of Supply 1015: 943:David Lloyd George 898: 888:Menachem Ussishkin 886:, Chaim Weizmann, 873:Ben-Zion Mossinson 852:Operation Sea Lion 808:introduced him to 767:Weizmann Institute 672:, another sister, 638:Russian Revolution 537: 499:through bacterial 345:Weizmann Institute 197:Grodno Governorate 5299:People from Motal 5279:Jewish scientists 5229:Burials in Israel 5123: 5122: 5085:Israel Dostrovsky 5020: 5019: 4966: (1993–2000) 4471:. Jewish Library. 4441:History of Israel 4329: 4309: 4301:חיים עזריאל ויצמן 4149:History of Israel 4057:978-1-58465-741-5 4030:978-0-520-94068-0 3942:978-1-5381-4880-8 3905:978-1-84511-347-6 3862:978-0-521-00967-6 3818:978-0-87855-297-9 3793:978-1-107-04483-8 3750:(31 March 2020). 3450:Schneer, Jonathan 3420:978-1-4128-3868-9 3211:978-0-87855-279-5 3150:Current Biography 2762:978-2-262-07259-9 2535:978-1-929-63164-3 2445:978-0-7618-5993-2 2090:Mishmar Ha-Yarden 1990:St James's Palace 1940:against Germany. 1930:conspiracy theory 1623:Hebrew University 1574:League of Nations 1465:Synthetic Zionism 1420:Sir Edward Carson 1284:Samuel Memorandum 1242:Lord Robert Cecil 1031:organic chemistry 923:Weizmann organism 854:been successful. 821:Winston Churchill 752:Israeli Air Force 713:Flight Lieutenant 703:Weizmann married 453:and later as the 371: 370: 5371: 5359:Russian Zionists 5259:Israeli chemists 5176: 5175: 5174: 5164: 5163: 5152: 5151: 5150: 5140: 5139: 5138: 5131: 5047: 5040: 5033: 5024: 5023: 4899: 4880:David Ben-Gurion 4869:Chairmen of the 4860: 4859: 4848: 4841: 4834: 4825: 4824: 4819:Internet Archive 4757: 4751: 4743: 4734: 4725: 4716: 4710: 4702: 4693: 4672: 4666: 4661: 4659: 4651: 4646: 4640: 4632: 4613: 4594: 4573: 4554: 4535: 4504: 4498: 4490: 4481: 4472: 4463: 4444: 4435: 4429: 4421: 4412: 4406: 4398: 4389: 4383: 4375: 4373: 4362: 4353: 4335: 4334: 4324: 4322: 4314: 4304: 4302: 4294: 4283: 4280: 4274: 4271: 4265: 4259: 4253: 4250: 4244: 4241: 4235: 4232: 4226: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4207: 4201: 4200: 4182: 4158: 4152: 4145: 4139: 4133: 4127: 4121: 4115: 4108: 4102: 4099: 4093: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4070:Chaim Weizmann, 4068: 4062: 4061: 4041: 4035: 4034: 4014: 4008: 4007: 4005: 4003: 3988: 3982: 3979: 3973: 3968: 3962: 3961: 3953: 3947: 3946: 3928: 3922: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3889: 3883: 3882: 3876: 3874: 3846: 3840: 3839: 3836: 3835: 3832: 3802: 3796: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3744: 3738: 3731: 3725: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3703: 3697: 3690: 3684: 3665: 3659: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3633:"Chapter 1 from 3625: 3619: 3603: 3597: 3594: 3588: 3581: 3575: 3572: 3566: 3563: 3557: 3544: 3538: 3536: 3535: 3521: 3515: 3512: 3506: 3503: 3497: 3494: 3488: 3485: 3479: 3476: 3470: 3463: 3457: 3447: 3441: 3438: 3432: 3429: 3423: 3408: 3402: 3399: 3393: 3390: 3384: 3381: 3375: 3372: 3366: 3363: 3357: 3354: 3348: 3345: 3339: 3336: 3330: 3327: 3321: 3318: 3312: 3309: 3303: 3300: 3294: 3291: 3285: 3278: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3247: 3241: 3234: 3228: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3195: 3189: 3179: 3173: 3170: 3164: 3161: 3155: 3146: 3140: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3093: 3087: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3073:. 23 June 2014. 3063: 3057: 3056: 3046: 3022: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3011: 2992: 2986: 2985: 2974: 2968: 2965: 2959: 2956: 2950: 2949: 2925: 2919: 2907: 2901: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2868: 2866: 2838: 2832: 2820: 2814: 2813: 2795: 2789: 2788: 2782: 2774: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2720: 2711: 2699: 2693: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2660: 2654: 2642: 2636: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2616: 2610: 2600:Casualty Details 2597: 2591: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2544: 2538: 2525:Roman Brackman, 2523: 2517: 2505: 2499: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2488: 2473: 2465: 2450: 2449: 2429: 2423: 2422: 2406: 2396: 2387: 2382:Geoffrey Lewis, 2380: 2374: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2354: 2345: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2331:. Archived from 2325: 2314: 2299: 2293: 2281: 2260: 2251: 2240:10.2307/20029153 2220: 2215:— (1949). 2211: 2206:— (1949). 2202: 2196: 2188: 2166: 2154: 2139:David Ben-Gurion 2033: 2032: 2022: 2021: 1920:Second World War 1906:, the editor of 1852:; the Regent of 1839: 1838: 1832: 1831: 1824: 1791:Ze'ev Jabotinsky 1775:Zionist Congress 1771:David Ben-Gurion 1767: 1766: 1763: 1731:Ramsay MacDonald 1710:King David Hotel 1680: 1679: 1673: 1672: 1639:Pinhas Rutenberg 1629:and support the 1558:Faisal I of Iraq 1543: 1542: 1500:opposed it, but 1475:on the left nor 1469:General Zionists 1442:Political career 1248:, the editor of 1191: 1188: 1135:, the minister. 1059:Zionist activism 1049:synthetic rubber 967: 966: 881: 686: 594:to study at the 535:Weizmann in 1900 433: 429: 424: 423: 420: 419: 416: 413: 410: 407: 404: 401: 398: 394: 393: 390: 387: 384: 363: 244:General Zionists 213: 190:27 November 1874 189: 187: 171:Personal details 157: 149:David Ben-Gurion 145: 138:David Ben-Gurion 135: 126: 104: 92: 84:David Ben-Gurion 80: 71: 49:Weizmann in 1949 47: 37: 35: 21: 20: 5379: 5378: 5374: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5369: 5368: 5324:Weizmann family 5284:Jewish chemists 5214:Belarusian Jews 5184: 5183: 5182: 5172: 5170: 5158: 5148: 5146: 5136: 5134: 5126: 5124: 5119: 5095:Aryeh Dvoretzky 5056: 5051: 5021: 5016: 5009: 5000: (2014–21) 4994: (2007–14) 4980: (2000–07) 4960: (1983–93) 4954: (1978–83) 4948: (1973–78) 4942: (1963–73) 4928: (1952–63) 4926:Yitzhak Ben-Zvi 4914: (1949–52) 4900: 4891: 4888: (1948–49) 4870: 4864: 4854: 4852: 4775:Wayback Machine 4764: 4745: 4744: 4704: 4703: 4664: 4662: 4653: 4652: 4634: 4633: 4629: 4610: 4591: 4570: 4551: 4492: 4491: 4460: 4423: 4422: 4400: 4399: 4377: 4376: 4370:A Nation Reborn 4361:. private info. 4344: 4342:Further reading 4339: 4338: 4295: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4277: 4273:Crossman, p. 41 4272: 4268: 4260: 4256: 4251: 4247: 4242: 4238: 4233: 4229: 4219: 4217: 4209: 4208: 4204: 4159: 4155: 4146: 4142: 4134: 4130: 4122: 4118: 4109: 4105: 4100: 4096: 4086: 4084: 4075: 4072:Trial and Error 4069: 4065: 4058: 4042: 4038: 4031: 4015: 4011: 4001: 3999: 3990: 3989: 3985: 3980: 3976: 3969: 3965: 3954: 3950: 3943: 3929: 3925: 3915: 3913: 3906: 3890: 3886: 3872: 3870: 3863: 3847: 3843: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3819: 3803: 3799: 3774: 3770: 3760: 3758: 3745: 3741: 3732: 3728: 3718: 3716: 3704: 3700: 3691: 3687: 3675:Wayback Machine 3666: 3662: 3652: 3650: 3626: 3622: 3616:Wayback Machine 3605:Michael Brown, 3604: 3600: 3595: 3591: 3582: 3578: 3573: 3569: 3564: 3560: 3554:Wayback Machine 3545: 3541: 3533: 3531: 3522: 3518: 3513: 3509: 3505:Schneer, p. 366 3504: 3500: 3496:Schneer, p. 346 3495: 3491: 3486: 3482: 3477: 3473: 3464: 3460: 3448: 3444: 3439: 3435: 3430: 3426: 3409: 3405: 3400: 3396: 3391: 3387: 3382: 3378: 3373: 3369: 3364: 3360: 3355: 3351: 3346: 3342: 3337: 3333: 3328: 3324: 3320:Schneer, p. 196 3319: 3315: 3310: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3293:Schneer, p. 149 3292: 3288: 3282:Trial and Error 3279: 3275: 3265: 3263: 3248: 3244: 3235: 3231: 3221: 3219: 3212: 3196: 3192: 3180: 3176: 3171: 3167: 3163:Schneer, p. 115 3162: 3158: 3147: 3143: 3124: 3120: 3110: 3108: 3095: 3094: 3090: 3080: 3078: 3065: 3064: 3060: 3023: 3019: 3009: 3007: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2984:on 11 May 2007. 2976: 2975: 2971: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2942: 2926: 2922: 2917:Wayback Machine 2908: 2904: 2881: 2877: 2864: 2862: 2855: 2839: 2835: 2830:Wayback Machine 2821: 2817: 2810: 2796: 2792: 2776: 2775: 2763: 2747: 2743: 2733: 2731: 2722: 2721: 2714: 2709:Wayback Machine 2700: 2696: 2686: 2684: 2661: 2657: 2652:Wayback Machine 2643: 2639: 2629: 2627: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2607:Wayback Machine 2598: 2594: 2584: 2582: 2573: 2572: 2568: 2561: 2545: 2541: 2524: 2520: 2515:Wayback Machine 2506: 2502: 2492: 2490: 2486: 2482:. Spring 2013. 2471: 2467: 2466: 2453: 2446: 2430: 2426: 2419: 2397: 2390: 2381: 2377: 2367: 2365: 2356: 2355: 2348: 2338: 2336: 2327: 2326: 2317: 2300: 2296: 2291:Wayback Machine 2282: 2278: 2274: 2254: 2227:Foreign Affairs 2223: 2214: 2205: 2190: 2189: 2184:What is Zionism 2180: 2177: 2175:Published works 2170: 2167: 2158: 2155: 2128:State of Israel 2102:When the first 2053: 2030: 2028: 2019: 2017: 1986: 1934:Nazi propaganda 1922: 1913:Yediot Aharonot 1836: 1834: 1829: 1827: 1818: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1743:Stanley Baldwin 1739:Peel Commission 1722:Yitzhak Ben-Zvi 1714:Haim Arlosoroff 1702: 1677: 1675: 1670: 1668: 1619:Albert Einstein 1540: 1538: 1444: 1436:Lord Rothschild 1352:Dr Moses Gaster 1189: 1104:East Manchester 1081:Berthold Feiwel 1061: 1007: 970:horse-chestnuts 964: 962: 957:gin factory in 884:Albert Einstein 875: 866: 860: 848:compiled a list 817:British citizen 806:Charles Dreyfus 775: 717:Royal Air Force 680: 588:Orthodox Jewish 529: 431: 427: 395: 381: 377: 331: 306: 302: 277: 272: 267: 240:Political party 234: 230: 215: 211: 210:9 November 1952 191: 185: 183: 182: 181: 161: 155: 143: 133: 127: 122: 108:Yitzhak Ben-Zvi 102: 96: 90: 78: 72: 67: 50: 38: 32: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5377: 5367: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5181: 5180: 5168: 5156: 5144: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5117: 5112: 5110:Daniel Zajfman 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5065:Chaim Weizmann 5061: 5058: 5057: 5050: 5049: 5042: 5035: 5027: 5018: 5017: 5014: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5007: 5001: 4995: 4989: 4981: 4975: 4967: 4961: 4955: 4949: 4946:Ephraim Katzir 4943: 4937: 4929: 4923: 4919:Yosef Sprinzak 4915: 4912:Chaim Weizmann 4908: 4906: 4902: 4901: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4889: 4886:Chaim Weizmann 4883: 4876: 4874: 4866: 4865: 4851: 4850: 4843: 4836: 4828: 4822: 4821: 4812: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4783: 4778: 4763: 4762:External links 4760: 4759: 4758: 4735: 4726: 4717: 4694: 4673: 4665:|journal= 4647: 4628:978-1597404754 4627: 4614: 4609:978-1408809709 4608: 4595: 4589: 4574: 4569:978-0195072150 4568: 4555: 4550:978-0195034462 4549: 4536: 4518:(2): 259–277. 4505: 4482: 4473: 4464: 4458: 4445: 4436: 4413: 4390: 4363: 4354: 4350:Chaim Weizmann 4343: 4340: 4337: 4336: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4284: 4275: 4266: 4254: 4245: 4236: 4227: 4202: 4173:(2): 308–319. 4153: 4140: 4128: 4116: 4103: 4094: 4063: 4056: 4036: 4029: 4009: 3983: 3974: 3963: 3948: 3941: 3923: 3904: 3884: 3861: 3841: 3817: 3797: 3768: 3739: 3726: 3698: 3685: 3683:, 28 July 1930 3660: 3620: 3598: 3589: 3576: 3567: 3558: 3539: 3516: 3507: 3498: 3489: 3480: 3471: 3458: 3456:, 2010, p. 273 3442: 3433: 3424: 3403: 3394: 3385: 3376: 3367: 3358: 3349: 3340: 3331: 3322: 3313: 3304: 3295: 3286: 3273: 3242: 3229: 3210: 3190: 3174: 3165: 3156: 3154:, pp. 877–880. 3141: 3118: 3088: 3058: 3017: 2987: 2969: 2960: 2951: 2940: 2920: 2902: 2875: 2853: 2833: 2815: 2808: 2790: 2761: 2741: 2712: 2694: 2655: 2637: 2611: 2592: 2566: 2559: 2539: 2518: 2500: 2451: 2444: 2424: 2417: 2388: 2375: 2346: 2315: 2294: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2268: 2252: 2234:(2): 324–338. 2221: 2212: 2203: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2171: 2168: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2149: 2052: 2049: 2040:Adolf Eichmann 2036:Rezső Kasztner 1985: 1982: 1969:Jewish Brigade 1932:, promoted in 1921: 1918: 1900:Stephen Norman 1846:Eastern Europe 1701: 1698: 1652:North Carolina 1635:Louis Brandeis 1585:Herbert Samuel 1570:Edmund Allenby 1560:in Syria, 1918 1502:Herbert Samuel 1488:national life. 1473:Labour Zionism 1443: 1440: 1412:Woodrow Wilson 1408:U.S. President 1401:Philip Snowden 1389:Herbert Samuel 1374:Ottoman Empire 1336:Triple Entente 1315:Sir Mark Sykes 1290:of Palestine. 1269:Herbert Samuel 1228:. Her husband 1222:Ottoman Empire 1168:Asher Ginzberg 1152:L.J. Greenberg 1133:Herbert Samuel 1096:Arthur Balfour 1060: 1057: 1006: 1003: 918:acetobutylicum 859: 856: 810:Arthur Balfour 794:United Kingdom 774: 771: 733:British Empire 705:Vera Khatzmann 674:Minna Weizmann 636:following the 615:Sophia Getzowa 586:teacher at an 549:Russian Empire 528: 525: 369: 368: 365: 364: 357: 353: 352: 325: 321: 320: 315: 311: 310: 297: 291: 290: 287: 283: 282: 274:Minna Weizmann 264:Maria Weizmann 261: 257: 256: 251: 247: 246: 241: 237: 236: 232:United Kingdom 228:Russian Empire 225: 221: 220: 214:(aged 77) 208: 204: 203: 201:Russian Empire 179: 177: 173: 172: 168: 167: 164: 163: 162:(as President) 158: 152: 151: 146: 140: 139: 136: 134:Prime Minister 130: 129: 119: 118: 111: 110: 105: 99: 98: 93: 87: 86: 81: 79:Prime Minister 75: 74: 64: 63: 56: 55: 52: 51: 48: 40: 39: 28: 27: 25:Chaim Weizmann 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5376: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5179: 5169: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5155: 5145: 5143: 5133: 5132: 5129: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5075:Meyer Weisgal 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5062: 5059: 5055: 5048: 5043: 5041: 5036: 5034: 5029: 5028: 5025: 5012: 5005: 5002: 4999: 4998:Reuven Rivlin 4996: 4993: 4990: 4987: 4986: 4982: 4979: 4976: 4973: 4972: 4968: 4965: 4962: 4959: 4956: 4953: 4952:Yitzhak Navon 4950: 4947: 4944: 4941: 4940:Zalman Shazar 4938: 4935: 4934: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4921: 4920: 4916: 4913: 4910: 4909: 4907: 4903: 4898: 4887: 4884: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4867: 4863: 4858: 4849: 4844: 4842: 4837: 4835: 4830: 4829: 4826: 4820: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4772: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4755: 4749: 4741: 4736: 4732: 4727: 4723: 4718: 4714: 4708: 4700: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4674: 4670: 4657: 4648: 4644: 4638: 4630: 4624: 4620: 4615: 4611: 4605: 4602:. Macmillan. 4601: 4596: 4592: 4590:0-670-80469-X 4586: 4582: 4581: 4575: 4571: 4565: 4561: 4556: 4552: 4546: 4542: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4512: 4506: 4502: 4496: 4488: 4483: 4479: 4474: 4470: 4465: 4461: 4455: 4451: 4446: 4443:. Black Swan. 4442: 4437: 4433: 4427: 4419: 4414: 4410: 4404: 4396: 4391: 4387: 4381: 4372: 4371: 4364: 4360: 4355: 4351: 4346: 4345: 4333: 4327: 4318: 4313: 4307: 4298: 4293: 4289: 4279: 4270: 4264: 4258: 4249: 4240: 4231: 4216: 4212: 4206: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4157: 4150: 4144: 4137: 4132: 4125: 4120: 4113: 4107: 4098: 4082: 4078: 4073: 4067: 4059: 4053: 4049: 4048: 4040: 4032: 4026: 4022: 4021: 4013: 3997: 3993: 3987: 3978: 3972: 3967: 3959: 3952: 3944: 3938: 3934: 3927: 3911: 3907: 3901: 3897: 3896: 3888: 3881: 3880:negotiation.' 3868: 3864: 3858: 3854: 3853: 3845: 3838: 3824: 3820: 3814: 3810: 3809: 3801: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3783: 3782: 3777: 3776:Ian S Lustick 3772: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3748:Kessler, Oren 3743: 3736: 3730: 3715: 3714: 3709: 3702: 3695: 3689: 3682: 3681: 3676: 3672: 3669: 3664: 3648: 3644: 3643: 3638: 3636: 3630: 3624: 3617: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3602: 3593: 3586: 3580: 3571: 3562: 3555: 3551: 3548: 3543: 3529: 3525: 3520: 3511: 3502: 3493: 3484: 3475: 3468: 3462: 3455: 3451: 3446: 3437: 3428: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3407: 3398: 3389: 3380: 3371: 3362: 3353: 3344: 3335: 3326: 3317: 3308: 3299: 3290: 3283: 3277: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3246: 3239: 3233: 3217: 3213: 3207: 3203: 3202: 3194: 3187: 3184: 3181:Ofer Aderet, 3178: 3169: 3160: 3153: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3138:0-87203-102-0 3135: 3131: 3127: 3122: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3092: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3062: 3054: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3021: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2991: 2983: 2979: 2973: 2964: 2955: 2947: 2943: 2941:9781426927928 2937: 2933: 2932: 2924: 2918: 2914: 2911: 2906: 2900: 2896: 2895:0-9536151-3-8 2892: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2872: 2860: 2856: 2854:9780415298131 2850: 2846: 2845: 2837: 2831: 2827: 2824: 2819: 2811: 2809:9781466829626 2805: 2801: 2794: 2786: 2780: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2758: 2754: 2753: 2745: 2729: 2725: 2719: 2717: 2710: 2706: 2703: 2698: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2659: 2653: 2649: 2646: 2641: 2625: 2621: 2615: 2608: 2604: 2601: 2596: 2580: 2576: 2570: 2562: 2560:9780385532938 2556: 2552: 2551: 2543: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2522: 2516: 2512: 2509: 2508:Family Trials 2504: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2470: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2447: 2441: 2437: 2436: 2428: 2420: 2418:0-670-80469-X 2414: 2410: 2405: 2404: 2395: 2393: 2385: 2379: 2363: 2359: 2353: 2351: 2334: 2330: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2312: 2311:0-7509-1878-0 2308: 2304: 2298: 2292: 2288: 2285: 2280: 2276: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2228: 2222: 2218: 2213: 2209: 2204: 2200: 2194: 2186: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2165: 2160: 2153: 2148: 2147: 2146: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2131: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2098: 2097: 2092: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2079: 2078:February 1949 2070: 2069:Moshe Sharett 2065: 2057: 2048: 2044: 2041: 2037: 2026: 2014: 2012: 2008: 2002: 1998: 1995: 1994:Jewish Agency 1991: 1984:The Holocaust 1981: 1978: 1973: 1970: 1966: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1947:A nurse with 1945: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1917: 1915: 1914: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1896:Theodor Herzl 1892: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1858:Miklós Horthy 1855: 1851: 1847: 1842: 1825: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1799:Baltic states 1796: 1792: 1787: 1783: 1781: 1776: 1772: 1769:Weizmann and 1755: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1723: 1719: 1718:Moshe Shertok 1715: 1711: 1706: 1696: 1691: 1689: 1688:the Holocaust 1685: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1653: 1647: 1642: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1615: 1613: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1596:Prince Faisal 1594: 1587:to his right) 1586: 1581: 1577: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1559: 1554: 1550: 1548: 1531: 1530:Jewish Legion 1526: 1522: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1498:Edwin Montagu 1494: 1489: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1460: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1439: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1402: 1398: 1397:Ethel Snowden 1394: 1390: 1386: 1385:Vera Weizmann 1382: 1378: 1375: 1371: 1370:Nahum Sokolow 1367: 1362: 1357: 1353: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1319:James Malcolm 1316: 1311: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1299:Edwin Montagu 1296: 1295:H. H. Asquith 1291: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1280: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1265:Liberal Party 1260: 1255: 1253: 1252: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1183: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1162:(founders of 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1144: 1141: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1110:, called the 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1094:Weizmann met 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1056: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1011: 1002: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 983: 978: 975: 971: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 925:) to produce 924: 920: 919: 916: 911: 907: 903: 895: 894: 889: 885: 879: 874: 870: 865: 855: 853: 849: 845: 841: 836: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 813: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 790: 788: 784: 780: 770: 768: 764: 759: 757: 753: 749: 744: 742: 738: 734: 730: 729:Bay of Biscay 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 701: 699: 694: 690: 684: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 662:Doctors' plot 659: 655: 652:. During the 651: 650:Bund movement 647: 643: 642:Maria (Masha) 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 618: 616: 612: 608: 604: 599: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 568: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 533: 524: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 473: 471: 467: 463: 459: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 435: 422: 375: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 329: 326: 322: 319: 316: 312: 309: 305: 301: 298: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 275: 270: 269:Anna Weizmann 265: 262: 258: 255: 254:Vera Weizmann 252: 248: 245: 242: 238: 233: 229: 226: 222: 218: 209: 205: 202: 198: 194: 178: 174: 169: 165: 159: 153: 150: 147: 141: 137: 131: 125: 120: 117: 112: 109: 106: 100: 94: 88: 85: 82: 76: 70: 65: 62: 57: 53: 46: 41: 29: 22: 19: 5239:Hovevei Zion 5090:Michael Sela 5080:Albert Sabin 5064: 5004:Isaac Herzog 4992:Shimon Peres 4988: (2007) 4983: 4978:Moshe Katsav 4974: (2000) 4971:Avraham Burg 4969: 4964:Ezer Weizman 4958:Chaim Herzog 4936: (1963) 4931: 4922: (1952) 4917: 4911: 4885: 4882: (1948) 4739: 4730: 4721: 4698: 4681: 4677: 4656:cite journal 4618: 4599: 4579: 4559: 4540: 4515: 4509: 4486: 4477: 4468: 4449: 4440: 4417: 4394: 4369: 4358: 4349: 4292: 4278: 4269: 4257: 4252:Rose, p. 445 4248: 4239: 4230: 4218:. Retrieved 4214: 4205: 4170: 4166: 4156: 4148: 4143: 4135: 4131: 4123: 4119: 4112:Philip Rosen 4106: 4097: 4085:. Retrieved 4071: 4066: 4046: 4039: 4019: 4012: 4000:. Retrieved 3995: 3986: 3977: 3966: 3957: 3951: 3932: 3926: 3914:. Retrieved 3894: 3887: 3878: 3871:. Retrieved 3851: 3844: 3826: 3807: 3800: 3780: 3771: 3759:. Retrieved 3755: 3742: 3734: 3729: 3717:. Retrieved 3711: 3701: 3693: 3688: 3678: 3663: 3651:. Retrieved 3640: 3634: 3623: 3607: 3601: 3592: 3579: 3570: 3561: 3542: 3527: 3519: 3510: 3501: 3492: 3483: 3474: 3466: 3461: 3453: 3445: 3436: 3427: 3411: 3406: 3397: 3388: 3379: 3370: 3361: 3352: 3343: 3334: 3325: 3316: 3307: 3298: 3289: 3281: 3276: 3264:. Retrieved 3255: 3245: 3237: 3232: 3220:. Retrieved 3200: 3193: 3177: 3168: 3159: 3148: 3144: 3129: 3121: 3109:. Retrieved 3100: 3091: 3079:. Retrieved 3070: 3061: 3034: 3030: 3020: 3008:. Retrieved 2999: 2990: 2982:the original 2972: 2963: 2954: 2930: 2923: 2905: 2886: 2878: 2870: 2863:. 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Rosenblum 1893: 1874: 1843: 1814: 1803:Nazi Germany 1788: 1784: 1757: 1752: 1727: 1693: 1661:Jacob Schiff 1657:Jaffa Harbor 1651: 1643: 1616: 1609: 1598:to sign the 1590: 1563: 1535: 1511: 1495: 1491: 1486: 1462: 1457: 1445: 1430: 1428: 1415: 1405: 1393:Lloyd George 1356:Joseph Cowen 1349: 1344: 1323:Moses Gaster 1312: 1292: 1283: 1277: 1262: 1257: 1249: 1215: 1210: 1194: 1156:Israel Sieff 1148:Moses Gaster 1145: 1140:Israel Sieff 1137: 1129:Moses Gaster 1123: 1116:Saskatchewan 1100:Conservative 1093: 1077:Martin Buber 1062: 1042: 1027:Israel Sieff 1016: 995:The Guardian 994: 979: 922: 917: 914: 906:fermentation 899: 893:SS Rotterdam 891: 840:World War II 837: 814: 791: 776: 760: 748:Ezer Weizman 745: 721:World War II 702: 693:Russian Czar 634:Soviet Union 619: 600: 569: 565:Hovevei Zion 538: 501:fermentation 474: 470:to recognize 441:biochemist, 439:Russian-born 373: 372: 332: 327: 279:Ezer Weizman 212:(1952-11-09) 156:Succeeded by 123: 103:Succeeded by 68: 18: 5199:1952 deaths 5194:1874 births 5100:Haim Harari 4985:Dalia Itzik 4220:16 February 3761:29 November 3629:Donald Neff 3284:, i, p. 149 3126:Carl Alpert 3111:15 February 3081:15 February 3010:15 February 2577:. Jwa.org. 1819: [ 1735:white paper 1655:arrived in 1519:British Jew 1514:Lord Curzon 1424:Philip Kerr 1246:C. P. Scott 1190: 1915 1160:Simon Marks 1069:Switzerland 1053:high-octane 1038:Fritz Haber 959:Bow, London 951:Pilot plant 915:Clostridium 876: [ 833:World War I 746:His nephew 743:, England. 681: [ 678:Kurt Prüfer 670:World War I 658:Great Purge 603:Switzerland 509:World War I 445:leader and 224:Citizenship 144:Preceded by 91:Preceded by 5188:Categories 4933:Kadish Luz 4621:. 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