886:
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271:
615:, to which he consented with reluctance, was undertaken in October 1428. Having assured himself that Philip was prepared to desert him, Bedford sent orders to his army to raise the siege in April 1429. He then acted with great energy and judgment in attempting to stem the tide of disasters which followed this failure, strengthened his hold upon Paris, and sent to England for reinforcements; but before any engagement took place he visited Rouen, where he sought to bind the Normans closer to England, and after his return to Paris resigned the French regency to Philip of Burgundy in accordance with the wish of the Parisians.
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office in
December 1433, when his demands with regard to a continual council were conceded. Bedford, who was anxious to prosecute the war in France, left England again in 1434, but early in 1435 was obliged to consent to the attendance of English representatives at a congress held to arrange terms of peace at Arras. Unable to consent to the French terms the English envoys left Arras in September, and Philip of Burgundy made a separate treaty with France.
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1494:
1460:
599:. But in spite of the efforts of the protector the good understanding between England and Burgundy was partially destroyed when Gloucester invaded Hainaut in October 1424. The ambition of his brother gave Bedford trouble in another direction also; for on his return from Hainaut Gloucester quarrelled with the chancellor,
521:, and after resigning the wardenship he began to take a leading part in the royal councils. He acted as lieutenant of the kingdom during Henry's expedition to France in 1415. In August 1416, he commanded the ships which defeated the French fleet at the mouth of the Seine, and was instrumental in relieving
610:
Bedford then promised to act in accordance with the will of the council, and in harmony with the decision of this body raised a body of troops and returned to France in March 1427. Having ordered
Gloucester to desist from a further attack on Hainaut, he threatened Brittany and compelled Duke John to
594:
Bedford sought to restore prosperity to the districts under his rule by reforming the debased coinage, granting privileges to merchants and manufacturers, and removing various abuses. He then granted some counties to Philip to check the growing hostility between him and
Gloucester, and on 17 August
488:
John gained his early experiences in warfare when he undertook the office of warden of the east marches of
Scotland in 1404; he was fairly successful in this command. By the middle of 1404, his pay was in arrear, his troops were mutinous, he was in a disaffected country, and was engaged in constant
401:
in 1388, the year before his birth. Upon the death of John of Gaunt, Richard II did not allow
Bolingbroke to inherit his father's duchy of Lancaster. That year Bolingbroke, with help from the nobility, was able to gather supporters and deposed Richard II, who later died of starvation either by his
965:
during the reign of Henry VI. Richard went abroad in
November 1440. Between their marriage and Isabel's death reportedly in 1443, the couple were involved in several real estate transactions, including her inheritance of property from Sir Nicholas de Wokyndon. Richard's last known transaction was
529:
to trial and was present at his execution. He appears to have governed the country with considerable success until
December 1419, when he resigned his office as lieutenant and joined the king in France. Returning to England, he undertook the lieutenancy for the third time in June 1421, and in the
651:
His next act was to secure an inquiry into the national finances; and when asked by the parliament to stay in
England he declared that his services were at the king's disposal. As chief councillor he offered to take a smaller salary than had been previously paid to Gloucester, and undertook this
660:
Richard of
Bedford, the illegitimate son of John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford, was generally known as Richard Bastard of Bedford, which was not uncommon for illegitimate sons of noblemen in France and Devonshire, England. Richard was likely conceived before John was married in 1423. Richard's
607:, and the council implored Bedford to come to England to settle this dispute. He reached London in January 1426, and after concluding a bond of alliance with Gloucester effected a reconciliation between the duke and the chancellor; and knighted the young king, Henry VI.
504:. He received grants of the castles of the Earl of Northumberland. In April 1408, and again in April 1411, he was appointed to treat with the Scots. During the rest of his father's reign, which ended in March 1413, he continued to hold his command in the north, fortifying
641:. After Joan was captured by Burgundian troops at Compiegne and then transferred to the English, Bedford had her put on trial by clergy who are listed in English government records and described by eyewitnesses as pro-English collaborators. She was executed at
730:
was rich and powerful. The marriage was performed by the bishop at
Therouanne on 20 April 1433. The new duchess was only seventeen. This marriage was also childless. Jacquetta went on to have more than a dozen children in her second marriage to
508:
and keeping peace as far as he was able in the east marches. Like his eldest brother, he seems to have been under the influence of the Beauforts, and acted cordially with the Earl of Westmoreland. He held the command until September 1414.
885:
530:
following May conducted the queen to join Henry in Normandy. He then took his brother's place and led the English troops to the relief of Cosne, but on hearing of the king's serious illness he left the army and hurried to his side.
578:, a union which gave the English duke a claim on lands which Philip hoped to secure for himself. Bedford, however, having allayed Philip's irritation, formed an alliance with him and with John VI, Duke of Brittany, at
919:
Between 1434 and Easter 1437, Richard married Isabel, who was married and widowed twice before. She was first the widow of John Boys, Esq. of Chaldwell, Essex. Her second marriage was to Nicholas Rickman of Ulting,
763:. By his will, made four days before his death, he left all his possessions to his wife except one castle, which was to go to his natural son Richard. His nephew, Henry VI, was to have all in remainder.
331:
Bedford was a capable administrator and soldier, and his effective management of the war brought the English to the height of their power in France. However, difficulties mounted after the arrival of
870:
489:
hostilities. With the little pay that was sent to him, John borrowed money from Lord Furnival and used revenues from a grant of castles belonging to Henry Percy to maintain his forces.
637:
Retaining the government of Normandy, Bedford established himself at Rouen and directed the movements of the English forces with some success. He did not interfere to save the life of
2094:
1682:
1560:
525:. Again appointed lieutenant in July 1417, he marched against the Scots, who abandoned the siege of Berwick at his approach; and on his return to London he brought Sir
2269:
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and other places, and sought to strengthen his position by an alliance with Philip of Burgundy. This task was rendered more difficult as Gloucester had just married
1565:
1855:
949:
1958:
Lobanov, Aleksandr (1 April 2015). "The Indenture of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, of 12 February 1430 and the Lancastrian Kingdom of France".
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He was joined by Henry VI in April 1430, when the regency was temporarily suspended, and he secured Henry's coronation at Paris in December 1431.
328:. Despite his military and administrative talent, the situation in France had severely deteriorated (for the English) by the time of his death.
2540:
3680:
3605:
1226:
995:(1877–1903) states the marriage took place on 13 April 1423, but more recent sources agree on 13 May 1423 and one of those states Troyes (
630:, both from Paris (from the "Bedford Master" and his workshop) and England. The three most important surviving manuscripts of his are the
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in France. But when Philip declined to undertake this office, it too was assumed by Bedford, who, after the death of the French king
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is the first part of a never-completed trilogy focused on him that deals with his life from when he was four to about twenty.
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952:. She also inherited property from Sir Nicholas de Wokyndon, although the nature of their family relationship is unknown.
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44:
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634:, the Salisbury Breviary, both made in Paris, and the Bedford Psalter and Hours of about 1420–23, which is English.
335:, and his efforts were further thwarted by political divisions at home and the wavering of England's key ally, Duke
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1486:
673:, France on 27 September 1435). He was allowed to inherit property in England and France after he was legitimized.
570:. Confining himself to the conduct of affairs in France the protector took up Henry V's work of conquest, captured
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in 2016) and acquired the castle upon the death of his father in 1435. The bequest from his father was set aside.
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Memorials of the Guild of Merchant Taylors of the Fraternity of St. John the Baptist, in the City of London
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Henry V's last wish was that Bedford should be guardian of the kingdom and of the young king, and that
300:(20 June 1389 – 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general, and statesman who commanded
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The Bedford Inventories: The Worldly Goods of John, Duke of Bedford, Regent of France, 1389–1435
402:
own will or by force. Bolingbroke was crowned King of England, as Henry IV, on 13 October 1399.
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2012:
The Hundred Years War during the reign of Henry VI: The English defeat – Its causes and impact
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347:, and he became increasingly unable to gather the necessary funds to prosecute the conflict.
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1806:. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). London: St. Catherine Press – via Internet Archive.
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2255:
1856:"Brigandage and Resistance in Lancastrian Normandy: A Study of the Remission Evidence"
1403:
1246:
799:, as the Duke of Bedford. In the former play, he is portrayed as being present at the
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1520:(1984). "The Tomb of Anne of Burgundy, Duchess of Bedford, in the Musée du Louvre".
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of the kingdom, and that in his absence the office should devolve upon his brother
543:
469:
344:
124:
2106:
1816:"John, duke of Bedford's arrangements for the defence of Normandy in October 1434"
1770:(1929). "John, first duke of Bedford; his work and policy in England, 1389–1435".
1586:
1445:
611:
return to the English alliance; and the success of his troops continued until the
492:
In 1405, he wrote to inform the council of the revolt of Lord Bardolf, joined the
437:
as Henry IV in 1399, John began to accumulate lands and lucrative offices. He was
354:
in 1435, just as Burgundy was preparing to abandon the English cause and conclude
3455:
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30:
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Rollason, Lynda (2015). "Bedford, John of Lancaster, duke of (1389–1435)". In
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2001:
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The Wars of the Roses: Politics and the constitution in England, c. 1437–1509
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877:
704:. The couple were happily married, despite being childless. Anne died of the
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383:
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287:
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62:
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1456:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 616–617.
595:
1424 gained a great victory over a combined army of French and Scots at the
3529:
3415:
2999:
2283:
1934:
1836:
1719:
928:, who died between 1430 and July 1432. He was also of Chaldwell, Essex and
836:, John features in a minor role as the first husband of its main character
811:
803:
in 1403, when then aged 14, though no chroniclers of the time mention him.
275:
84:
2257:
Economic and social history of Europe in the later Middle Ages (1300–1530)
921:
2079:
Guides and Handbooks (revised 3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1973:
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332:
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John of Lancaster was born on 20 June 1389, to Henry Bolingbroke (later
274:
John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford, Knight of the Garter, kneels before
2518:
2102:
1811:
1604:
1481:
442:
394:
1543:
562:. Meanwhile the English parliament had decided that Bedford should be
3391:
1642:
Lancastrian Normandy, 1415–1450: The History of a Medieval Occupation
1322:
1251:. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Company. p. 491.
1248:
Magna Carta ancestry : a study in colonial and medieval families
975:
744:
626:
was founded under his auspices. He was an important commissioner of
343:. In the last years of Bedford's life, the conflict devolved into a
3487:
3425:
1535:
929:
665:, legitimized Richard on 30 August 1434 (which was recorded at the
619:
522:
438:
92:
2173:
Sprey, Ilicia J. (2002). "John, Duke of Bedford (1389–1435)". In
1620:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1497:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1463:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
925:
895:
853:
393:
His father, Henry Bolingbroke, was exiled in 1399 by his cousin,
196:
1711:
876:
Coat of arms of John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford, detail from
558:, and compelled all present to take an oath of fidelity to King
2069:(1996). E. B. Pryde; D. E. Greenway; S. Porter; I. Roy (eds.).
1318:. Vol. 1. London, England: Harrison and Sons. p. 619.
1288:
Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families
971:
967:
701:
579:
571:
547:
409:, later King of England as Henry V. John's other siblings were
321:
1183:. "Joan of Arc By Herself and Her Witnesses", pp. 165–67.
937:
756:
670:
642:
88:
54:
517:
In May 1413, his brother, now King Henry V, had created him
1194:"Today in History: May 30, Joan of Arc burned at the stake"
453:
1699:
History of England and France under the House of Lancaster
1228:
Archaeologia Or Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity
1164:
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1154:
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2180:
Historical Dictionary of Late Medieval England, 1272–1485
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1042:
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1038:
1036:
996:
961:
Richard became an honorary member in 1436 to 1437 of the
2561:
2158:. Brief Histories (revised ed.). London: Robinson.
1983:"The Treaty of Amiens (1423): Towards a Reconsideration"
2156:
The Hundred Years War: The English in France, 1337–1453
1151:
1367:
1365:
1363:
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1033:
1569:(online) (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1079:
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on 14 September 1435, and was buried in the choir of
428:
1388:. Shrewsbury and Atcham Borough Council. p. 20.
1127:
1103:
1091:
397:, when his father participated in the revolt of the
1510:"Anne, of Burgundy, Duchess of Bedford, 1404?–1432"
1384:Priestley, E.J. (1979). "8: Shakespeare's Battle".
1358:
1346:
2132:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp.
1058:
1665:Conquest: The English Kingdom of France 1417–1450
1334:
1291:(2nd ed.). Douglas Richardson. p. 549.
1115:
823:covers his life from Henry V's death to his own.
726:, and the regent. It was a strategic move as the
3582:
2738:Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary
1773:Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
987:Several authoritative sources are cited by the
900:label of five points per pale ermine and France
858:label of five points per pale ermine and France
1792:
1613:. Vol. 29. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
1490:. Vol. 29. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
1400:"Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family"
1280:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
554:in October 1422, presided at a session of the
2534:
2029:"A Vous Entier: John of Lancaster, 1389–1435"
1240:
1238:
966:when he witnessed the will of John Fisher of
582:in April 1423, and himself arranged to marry
1891:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
1212:
891:Arms of John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford:
2202:. Reports of the Research Committee of the
1265:
576:Jacqueline, Countess of Holland and Hainaut
483:
3516:
2541:
2527:
1284:
1244:
1235:
496:, warden of the west marches, and met the
43:
3205:
3113:
3030:Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk
3000:Joan, Countess of Hertford and Gloucester
2843:Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester
2802:
2197:
2041:
1881:
1742:
1558:
1383:
1133:
848:As a son of the sovereign, John bore the
718:, arranged a marriage between his niece,
290:, formerly in the Duke's private library.
3052:
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2119:
1692:
1440:
1168:
1145:
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269:
144:
16:15th-century English prince and nobleman
3651:Heirs presumptive to the English throne
3352:
3241:
3174:Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester
3010:Margaret of England, Duchess of Brabant
2964:
2707:William de Longespée, Earl of Salisbury
2638:
2246:. Vol. 3. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
2126:The Oxford Companion to British History
2093:
2065:
1980:
1957:
1905:
1766:
1636:
1566:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
735:(later Earl Rivers). Her eldest child,
53:of "wood stocks" (tree-stumps) and his
3583:
3466:Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle
3373:Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales
3314:
2290:
2236:
2150:
1658:
589:
494:Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland
3515:
3485:
3389:
3351:
3313:
3272:Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence
3240:
3204:
3112:
3051:
3035:Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent
2963:
2905:
2801:
2762:
2723:
2669:Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony
2637:
2560:
2522:
2446:24 November 1414 – 14 September 1435
2243:The Constitutional History of England
2183:. Greenwood Press. pp. 291–293.
2172:
2026:
2008:
1912:Shaping the Nation: England 1360–1461
1853:
1810:
1718:
1516:
1340:
1311:
676:Richard succeeded to the lordship of
655:
512:
411:Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence
174:
3537:Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales
3154:John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster
2983:Margaret of France, Queen of England
2684:Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile
2563:Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
2481:21 October 1425 – 14 September 1435
1933:
1593:
1470:
1371:
1352:
1121:
1109:
1097:
1085:
1073:
586:, a sister of the Burgundian duke.
433:After his father's accession to the
312:. Bedford was the third son of King
3606:15th-century English Navy personnel
3462:Illegitimate: Elizabeth Plantagenet
3446:George Plantagenet, Duke of Bedford
3436:Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York
3159:Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York
3149:Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence
2995:Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar
2340:John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford
2018:(Thesis). Department of History of
1561:"John, duke of Bedford (1389–1435)"
1447:"Bedford, Earls and Dukes of"
1425:Bedford Book of Hours armorial coat
1021:"John Plantagenet, duke of Bedford"
1013:
441:on 12 October 1399 at his father's
386:, Duke of Lancaster, a son of King
365:
140:
13:
3277:John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford
2833:Joan of England, Queen of Scotland
2622:
2600:Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey
1786:10.1111/j.1468-2281.1929.tb00551.x
1688:from the original on 12 June 2018.
1629:
464:from 1403 to 1414. He was created
429:Acquisitions, knighted, and titles
295:John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford
14:
3717:
3260:Joan of Navarre, Queen of England
2505:26 July 1426 – 14 September 1435
2317:
2108:The Dictionary of English History
622:between 1422 and 1432, where the
278:who wears the blue mantle of the
191:Richard of Bedford (illegitimate)
3681:People of the Hundred Years' War
3611:15th-century English politicians
3078:John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall
2689:Joan of England, Queen of Sicily
2419:16 May 1414 – 14 September 1435
2392:16 May 1414 – 14 September 1435
2204:Society of Antiquaries of London
1940:England in the Later Middle Ages
1615:
1610:Dictionary of National Biography
1492:
1487:Dictionary of National Biography
1458:
1329:Library of Congress staff (2014)
884:
869:
766:
761:Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Rouen
3701:Children of Henry IV of England
3549:Katherine, Countess of Pembroke
2325:"Biography of Bedford, duke of"
2051:(revised ed.). Routledge.
1433:
1418:
1392:
1377:
1312:Clode, Charles Matthew (1875).
1305:
1186:
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981:
955:
913:
787:, as John of Lancaster, and in
452:He was appointed master of the
308:during a critical phase of the
170:
136:
3706:Medieval governors of Guernsey
3169:Margaret, Countess of Pembroke
2072:Handbook of British Chronology
1752:. Cambridge University Press.
1231:. Soc. 1860. pp. 146–148.
997:Library of Congress staff 2014
1:
3676:Male Shakespearean characters
3666:Lord high admirals of England
3601:14th-century English nobility
3390:
3298:Illegitimate: Edmund Leboorde
2828:Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall
2702:Geoffrey (archbishop of York)
2679:Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany
2659:William IX, Count of Poitiers
2275:My Lord of Bedford, 1389–1435
2177:; William B. Robison (eds.).
1961:The English Historical Review
1917:New Oxford History of England
1386:The Battle of Shrewsbury 1403
1006:
936:. Isabel inherited manors in
860:, which are published in the
852:of his father King Henry IV,
692:John's first marriage was to
618:Bedford had been Governor in
476:in 1414 by his brother, King
49:The Duke of Bedford with his
3486:
3282:Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
2299:Yale English Monarchs series
1831:(2): 235–251 (1–17 in PDF).
1671:. Harvard University Press.
1587:UK public library membership
1285:Richardson, Douglas (2011).
1245:Richardson, Douglas (2005).
687:
568:Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
415:Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
7:
2124:; Robert Crowcroft (eds.).
2105:& F.S. Pulling (eds.).
2037:. Vol. 10, no. 7.
1981:Lobanov, Aleksandr (2016).
1943:(2nd ed.). Routledge.
1919:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1728:. London: Frontline Books.
1508:staff (16 December 2014) .
724:Peter I, Count of Saint-Pol
82:14 September 1435 (aged 46)
10:
3722:
3671:Lords Protector of England
3626:Burials at Rouen Cathedral
2620:
2262:Frederick Ungar Publishing
2009:Moore, Terence R. (1982).
1888:The Reign of King Henry VI
1854:Evans, Michael R. (1992).
533:
405:John's eldest sibling was
251:Anglo-Scottish border wars
3565:
3524:
3511:
3494:
3481:
3441:Anne of York, Lady Howard
3398:
3385:
3360:
3347:
3322:
3309:
3249:
3236:
3213:
3200:
3121:
3108:
3060:
3047:
3005:Alphonso, Earl of Chester
2972:
2959:
2914:
2901:
2810:
2797:
2771:
2758:
2732:
2719:
2646:
2633:
2587:Geoffrey, Count of Nantes
2569:
2556:
2507:
2498:
2490:
2485:
2474:
2466:
2448:
2439:
2421:
2412:
2394:
2385:
2380:
2373:
2338:
2301:. Yale University Press.
2198:Stratford, Jenny (1993).
1477:"John of Lancaster"
963:Guild of Merchant Taylors
498:Archbishop Richard Scrope
324:of France for his nephew
264:
260:
246:
236:
231:
227:
217:
207:
195:
185:
113:
98:
78:
70:
42:
28:
23:
3616:Peers created by Henry V
2099:"Bedford, John, Duke of"
2077:Royal Historical Society
1863:Reading Medieval Studies
1702:(2nd ed.). London:
906:
750:
741:queen consort of England
500:and the other rebels on
484:Warden of the East March
462:Warden of the East March
350:Bedford died during the
3134:Edward the Black Prince
1453:Encyclopædia Britannica
1026:Encyclopædia Britannica
843:
838:Jacquetta of Luxembourg
720:Jacquetta of Luxembourg
696:(d. 1432), daughter of
628:illuminated manuscripts
382:. He was a grandson of
158:Jacquetta of Luxembourg
3518:Richard III of England
2627:
2511:The Earl of Huntingdon
1837:10.3917/annor.622.0235
1595:Tout, Thomas Frederick
1575:10.1093/ref:odnb/14844
1559:Stratford, J. (2011).
833:The Lady of the Rivers
680:, France (merged into
291:
85:Castle of Joyeux Repos
3661:Knights of the Garter
3207:Richard II of England
3115:Edward III of England
3073:Edward III of England
3020:Elizabeth of Rhuddlan
2816:Isabella of AngoulĂŞme
2804:John, King of England
2777:Berengaria of Navarre
2694:John, King of England
2626:
2048:The Hundred Years War
991:Name Authority File.
893:Royal arms of England
862:Bedford Book of Hours
456:and falcons in 1402,
360:Charles VII of France
339:and his faction, the
284:Illuminated miniature
273:
3621:15th-century regents
3127:Philippa of Hainault
3083:Eleanor of Woodstock
3054:Edward II of England
3025:Edward II of England
2947:Katherine of England
2908:Henry III of England
2823:Henry III of England
2765:Richard I of England
2726:Henry the Young King
2674:Richard I of England
2664:Henry the Young King
2652:Eleanor of Aquitaine
2550:House of Plantagenet
2353:House of Plantagenet
2350:Cadet branch of the
1824:Annales de Normandie
1803:The Complete Peerage
801:Battle of Shrewsbury
716:bishop of Thérouanne
700:, on 13 May 1423 in
605:Bishop of Winchester
458:Constable of England
447:Knight of the Garter
143:; died
3646:Governors of Jersey
3553:Richard of Eastwell
3499:no consort or issue
3404:Elizabeth Woodville
3354:Henry VI of England
3335:Henry VI of England
3328:Catherine of Valois
3292:Philippa of England
3243:Henry IV of England
2966:Edward I of England
2937:Beatrice of England
2932:Margaret of England
2927:Edward I of England
2920:Eleanor of Provence
2878:Bartholomew FitzRoy
2851:Joan, Lady of Wales
2838:Isabella of England
2745:William Plantagenet
2640:Henry II of England
2610:Mary of Shaftesbury
2592:William FitzEmpress
2582:Henry II of England
2291:Wolffe, B. (2001).
1644:. Clarendon Press.
1506:Library of Congress
1148:, pp. 616–617.
989:Library of Congress
773:William Shakespeare
737:Elizabeth Woodville
728:House of Luxembourg
712:Louis of Luxembourg
663:Henry VI of England
590:Campaigns in France
560:Henry VI of England
314:Henry IV of England
280:Order of the Garter
212:Henry IV of England
3686:Regents of England
3656:House of Lancaster
3545:John of Gloucester
3316:Henry V of England
3287:Blanche of England
3267:Henry V of England
3224:Isabella of Valois
3066:Isabella of France
2978:Eleanor of Castile
2628:
2494:The Duke of Exeter
2486:Political offices
2477:Honour of Richmond
2456:Title next held by
2429:Title next held by
2402:Title next held by
2375:Peerage of England
2345:House of Lancaster
2027:Myers, A. (1960).
1974:10.1093/ehr/cev044
1581:on 10 August 2018.
1088:, pp. 31, 42.
708:in Paris in 1432.
656:Richard of Bedford
624:University of Caen
597:Battle of Verneuil
556:Parlement of Paris
513:Military campaigns
337:Philip of Burgundy
310:Hundred Years' War
292:
255:Hundred Years' War
241:Kingdom of England
3691:Regents of France
3641:Earls of Richmond
3578:
3577:
3561:
3560:
3507:
3506:
3477:
3476:
3470:Grace Plantagenet
3451:Catherine of York
3411:Elizabeth of York
3381:
3380:
3366:Margaret of Anjou
3343:
3342:
3305:
3304:
3232:
3231:
3196:
3195:
3182:John de Southeray
3139:Isabella de Coucy
3104:
3103:
3088:Joan of the Tower
3043:
3042:
3015:Mary of Woodstock
2955:
2954:
2942:Edmund Crouchback
2897:
2896:
2793:
2792:
2754:
2753:
2747:(died in infancy)
2715:
2714:
2618:
2617:
2517:
2516:
2508:Succeeded by
2501:Lord High Admiral
2368:14 September 1435
2308:978-0-300-08926-4
2213:978-0-85431-261-0
2190:978-0-313-29124-1
2165:978-1-84119-678-7
2143:978-0-19-967783-2
2130:Oxford Companions
2086:978-0-521-56350-5
2058:978-0-415-26131-9
2020:McGill University
1950:978-0-415-27293-3
1926:978-0-19-822816-5
1898:978-0-520-04372-5
1846:978-2-902239-28-3
1759:978-0-521-31874-7
1735:978-1-84832-765-8
1725:The Agincourt War
1678:978-0-674-06560-4
1651:978-0-19-822642-0
1585:(Subscription or
1298:978-1-4610-4520-5
1258:978-0-8063-1759-5
1112:, pp. 34–36.
1100:, pp. 31–32.
950:Humphrey Haughton
922:Bishop's Ockendon
743:as the spouse of
733:Richard Woodville
698:John the Fearless
435:throne of England
407:Henry of Monmouth
352:congress of Arras
268:
267:
102:30 September 1435
24:John of Lancaster
3713:
3631:Dukes of Bedford
3513:
3512:
3483:
3482:
3431:Margaret of York
3387:
3386:
3349:
3348:
3311:
3310:
3238:
3237:
3202:
3201:
3110:
3109:
3049:
3048:
2961:
2960:
2903:
2902:
2863:Geoffrey FitzRoy
2799:
2798:
2785:Philip of Cognac
2760:
2759:
2721:
2720:
2635:
2634:
2558:
2557:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2520:
2519:
2491:Preceded by
2467:Preceded by
2442:Earl of Richmond
2369:
2362:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2312:
2287:
2265:
2247:
2233:
2206:. Vol. 49.
2194:
2169:
2147:
2116:
2090:
2062:
2038:
2023:
2017:
2005:
1987:
1977:
1968:(543): 302–317.
1954:
1930:
1902:
1878:
1860:
1850:
1820:
1814:(19 June 2012).
1807:
1789:
1763:
1739:
1715:
1689:
1687:
1670:
1655:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1602:
1600:"Henry IV"
1590:
1582:
1577:. Archived from
1555:
1513:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1479:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1449:
1427:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1406:on 17 March 2018
1402:. Archived from
1396:
1390:
1389:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1282:
1263:
1262:
1242:
1233:
1232:
1223:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1134:Stratford (2011)
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1056:
1050:
1031:
1030:
1017:
1000:
985:
979:
959:
953:
948:from her cousin
917:
888:
873:
828:Philippa Gregory
796:Henry VI, Part 1
784:Henry IV, Part 2
778:Henry IV, Part 1
694:Anne of Burgundy
678:La Haye-du-Puits
645:on 30 May 1431.
613:Siege of Orléans
584:Anne of Burgundy
546:, should act as
544:Duke of Burgundy
470:Earl of Richmond
378:) and his wife,
366:Birth and family
356:a separate peace
345:war of attrition
232:Military service
178:
176:
172:
148:
146:
142:
138:
125:Anne of Burgundy
61:(miniature from
47:
21:
20:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3636:Earls of Kendal
3581:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3557:
3520:
3503:
3490:
3473:
3456:Bridget of York
3394:
3377:
3356:
3339:
3318:
3301:
3245:
3228:
3219:Anne of Bohemia
3209:
3192:
3164:Mary of Waltham
3144:Joan of England
3117:
3100:
3056:
3039:
2968:
2951:
2910:
2893:
2890:William de Forz
2856:Richard FitzRoy
2806:
2789:
2767:
2750:
2728:
2711:
2642:
2629:
2614:
2575:Empress Matilda
2565:
2552:
2547:
2513:
2504:
2496:
2480:
2472:
2457:
2454:
2445:
2430:
2427:
2418:
2403:
2400:
2391:
2388:Duke of Bedford
2363:
2357:
2356:
2348:
2341:
2323:
2320:
2315:
2309:
2214:
2191:
2166:
2144:
2087:
2059:
2015:
1985:
1951:
1927:
1899:
1883:Griffiths, R.A.
1858:
1847:
1818:
1800:, eds. (1912).
1780:(20): 110–113.
1760:
1736:
1694:Brougham, Henry
1685:
1679:
1668:
1652:
1632:
1630:Further reading
1627:
1616:
1584:
1493:
1459:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1419:
1409:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1382:
1378:
1370:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1283:
1266:
1259:
1243:
1236:
1225:
1224:
1213:
1203:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1181:Pernoud, RĂ©gine
1179:
1175:
1169:Chisholm (1911)
1167:
1152:
1146:Chisholm (1911)
1144:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1104:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1080:
1072:
1059:
1053:Chisholm (1911)
1051:
1034:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1004:
1003:
986:
982:
960:
956:
918:
914:
909:
902:
889:
880:
874:
846:
821:Brother Bedford
817:Brenda Honeyman
807:Georgette Heyer
769:
753:
690:
682:La Haye, Manche
658:
592:
540:Philip the Good
536:
519:Duke of Bedford
515:
486:
474:Duke of Bedford
431:
399:Lords Appellant
376:King of England
368:
320:, and acted as
253:
181:
180:
168:
164:
161:
160:
150:
134:
130:
127:
109:
106:Rouen Cathedral
103:
83:
66:
60:
33:
31:Duke of Bedford
17:
12:
11:
5:
3719:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3547:
3543:Illegitimate:
3540:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3421:Cecily of York
3418:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3186:Jane Northland
3184:
3180:Illegitimate:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3094:Illegitimate:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3045:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2887:Philip FitzRoy
2885:
2884:Isabel FitzRoy
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2872:Osbert Gifford
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2860:Oliver FitzRoy
2858:
2853:
2849:Illegitimate:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2783:Illegitimate:
2780:
2779:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2741:
2740:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2700:Illegitimate:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2631:
2630:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2598:Illegitimate:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2554:
2553:
2546:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2523:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2506:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2473:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2455:
2452:
2447:
2437:
2436:
2428:
2425:
2420:
2415:Earl of Kendal
2410:
2409:
2406:George Neville
2401:
2398:
2393:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2349:
2342:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2319:
2318:External links
2316:
2314:
2313:
2307:
2288:
2270:Williams, E.C.
2266:
2248:
2234:
2212:
2195:
2189:
2170:
2164:
2148:
2142:
2117:
2091:
2085:
2063:
2057:
2039:
2024:
2006:
1978:
1955:
1949:
1931:
1925:
1903:
1897:
1879:
1851:
1845:
1808:
1790:
1764:
1758:
1740:
1734:
1716:
1690:
1677:
1656:
1650:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1591:
1556:
1536:10.2307/766962
1514:
1502:
1468:
1444:, ed. (1911).
1442:Chisholm, Hugh
1437:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1417:
1391:
1376:
1374:, p. 434.
1357:
1355:, p. 433.
1345:
1333:
1321:
1304:
1297:
1264:
1257:
1234:
1211:
1185:
1173:
1171:, p. 617.
1150:
1138:
1126:
1114:
1102:
1090:
1078:
1076:, p. 427.
1057:
1055:, p. 616.
1032:
1029:. 27 May 1999.
1011:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1001:
980:
954:
934:Cambridgeshire
911:
910:
908:
905:
904:
903:
890:
883:
881:
875:
868:
845:
842:
771:He appears in
768:
765:
752:
749:
722:, daughter of
689:
686:
657:
654:
601:Henry Beaufort
591:
588:
564:Lord Protector
535:
532:
527:John Oldcastle
514:
511:
485:
482:
466:Earl of Kendal
430:
427:
367:
364:
266:
265:
262:
261:
258:
257:
248:
244:
243:
238:
234:
233:
229:
228:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
209:
205:
204:
199:
193:
192:
189:
183:
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2040:
2036:
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2034:History Today
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2014:
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1469:
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764:
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384:John of Gaunt
381:
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377:
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334:
329:
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316:, brother to
315:
311:
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304:'s armies in
303:
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296:
289:
288:Bedford Hours
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77:
73:
69:
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63:Bedford Hours
59:
58:A Vous Entier
56:
52:
46:
41:
38:
37:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3530:Anne Neville
3498:
3416:Mary of York
3276:
2881:Maud FitzRoy
2866:John FitzRoy
2499:
2475:
2460:Edmund Tudor
2458:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2404:
2395:
2386:
2382:New creation
2381:
2365:
2361:20 June 1389
2358:
2351:
2343:
2329:Archontology
2328:
2293:
2278:. Longmans.
2274:
2260:. New York:
2256:
2252:Thompson, J.
2242:
2199:
2179:
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2107:
2071:
2047:
2032:
2011:
1993:
1989:
1965:
1959:
1939:
1911:
1887:
1866:
1862:
1828:
1822:
1802:
1777:
1771:
1748:
1724:
1698:
1664:
1641:
1608:
1579:the original
1564:
1530:(1): 39–50.
1527:
1521:
1485:
1451:
1434:Bibliography
1420:
1408:. Retrieved
1404:the original
1394:
1385:
1379:
1348:
1341:Smith (1984)
1336:
1324:
1314:
1307:
1287:
1247:
1227:
1202:. Retrieved
1197:
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1117:
1105:
1093:
1081:
1024:
1015:
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957:
915:
899:
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847:
831:
826:In the 2011
825:
820:
812:My Lord John
810:
805:
794:
788:
782:
776:
770:
754:
710:
691:
675:
667:tabellionage
659:
650:
647:
636:
617:
609:
593:
537:
516:
502:Shipton Moor
491:
487:
460:in 1403 and
451:
432:
404:
392:
369:
349:
330:
294:
293:
276:Saint George
74:20 June 1389
57:
29:
18:
3596:1435 deaths
3591:1389 births
3189:Joan Skerne
2122:John Cannon
1996:: 244–263.
1869:: 103–134.
1794:Cokayne, G.
1704:John Murray
1638:Allmand, C.
1605:Lee, Sidney
1518:Smith, J.C.
1482:Lee, Sidney
1372:Hunt (1892)
1353:Hunt (1892)
1122:Tout (1885)
1110:Tout (1885)
1098:Tout (1885)
1086:Tout (1885)
1074:Hunt (1892)
942:High Offley
896:differenced
854:differenced
639:Joan of Arc
341:Burgundians
333:Joan of Arc
3585:Categories
2238:Stubbs, W.
2152:Seward, D.
2111:. London:
2103:Sidney Low
1990:Proslogion
1660:Barker, J.
1589:required.)
1007:References
850:royal arms
552:Charles VI
443:coronation
395:Richard II
388:Edward III
237:Allegiance
34:Regent of
3392:Edward IV
2222:0953-7163
2175:R. Fritze
2002:2500-0926
1875:0950-3129
1812:Curry, A.
1798:Gibbs, V.
1720:Burne, A.
1552:157408009
993:Chevalier
976:Middlesex
819:'s novel
809:'s novel
775:'s plays
745:Edward IV
739:, became
688:Marriages
449:in 1400.
286:from the
247:Conflicts
202:Lancaster
3570:Category
3488:Edward V
3426:Edward V
2294:Henry VI
2272:(1963).
2254:(1960).
2240:(1880).
2230:29900611
2154:(2003).
2097:(1910).
2045:(2001).
1937:(2003).
1935:Keen, M.
1909:(2005).
1885:(1981).
1746:(1997).
1722:(2014).
1712:26005961
1696:(1855).
1683:Archived
1662:(2012).
1640:(1983).
1597:(1892).
1474:(1892).
946:Haughton
930:Cheveley
661:cousin,
620:Normandy
523:Harfleur
439:knighted
419:Philippa
372:Henry IV
326:Henry VI
93:Normandy
3253:Wives:
3217:Wives:
2976:Wives:
2453:Extinct
2426:Extinct
2399:Extinct
2284:2376051
2113:Cassell
1607:(ed.).
1484:(ed.).
1204:21 July
1198:AP News
926:Cranham
830:novel,
790:Henry V
534:Regency
506:Berwick
478:Henry V
423:Blanche
318:Henry V
302:England
179:
167:
163:
149:
133:
129:
108:, Rouen
3528:Wife:
3402:Wife:
3364:Wife:
3326:Wife:
3125:Wife:
3064:Wife:
2918:Wife:
2814:Wife:
2775:Wife:
2736:Wife:
2650:Wife:
2573:Wife:
2450:Vacant
2423:Vacant
2396:Vacant
2364:
2305:
2282:
2228:
2220:
2210:
2187:
2162:
2140:
2083:
2055:
2000:
1947:
1923:
1895:
1873:
1843:
1796:&
1756:
1732:
1710:
1675:
1648:
1583:
1550:
1544:766962
1542:
1410:7 June
1295:
1255:
972:London
968:Fulham
944:, and
781:, and
706:plague
702:Troyes
580:Amiens
572:Meulan
548:regent
421:; and
322:regent
306:France
218:Mother
208:Father
173:
139:
114:Spouse
99:Burial
36:France
2990:Henry
2366:Died:
2359:Born:
2101:. In
2016:(PDF)
1986:(PDF)
1859:(PDF)
1819:(PDF)
1686:(PDF)
1669:(PDF)
1603:. In
1548:S2CID
1540:JSTOR
1523:Gesta
1480:. In
938:Doxey
907:Notes
898:by a
856:by a
757:Rouen
751:Death
671:Rouen
643:Rouen
358:with
197:House
187:Issue
177:)
169:(
165:
147:)
135:(
131:
89:Rouen
55:motto
3096:Adam
2303:ISBN
2280:OCLC
2226:OCLC
2218:ISSN
2208:ISBN
2185:ISBN
2160:ISBN
2138:ISBN
2081:ISBN
2053:ISBN
1998:ISSN
1945:ISBN
1921:ISBN
1893:ISBN
1871:ISSN
1841:ISBN
1754:ISBN
1730:ISBN
1708:LCCN
1673:ISBN
1646:ISBN
1412:2008
1293:ISBN
1253:ISBN
1206:2023
844:Arms
793:and
472:and
454:mews
175:1433
145:1432
141:1423
79:Died
71:Born
1970:doi
1966:130
1833:doi
1782:doi
1571:doi
1532:doi
924:in
669:in
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2327:.
2297:.
2224:.
2216:.
2136:.
2134:88
2128:.
2075:.
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1994:14
1992:.
1988:.
1964:.
1915:.
1867:18
1865:.
1861:.
1839:.
1829:62
1827:.
1821:.
1776:.
1706:.
1681:.
1563:.
1546:.
1538:.
1528:23
1526:.
1450:.
1360:^
1267:^
1237:^
1214:^
1196:.
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298:KG
282:.
171:m.
137:m.
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2528:v
2331:.
2311:.
2286:.
2264:.
2232:.
2193:.
2168:.
2146:.
2115:.
2089:.
2061:.
2022:.
2004:.
1976:.
1972::
1953:.
1929:.
1901:.
1877:.
1849:.
1835::
1788:.
1784::
1778:7
1762:.
1738:.
1714:.
1654:.
1624:.
1573::
1554:.
1534::
1512:.
1501:.
1467:.
1414:.
1343:.
1331:.
1301:.
1261:.
1208:.
1136:.
978:.
65:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
