31:
1137:
United States v. Munson
Steamship Line, 283 U.S. 43, 44 (1931); Standard Oil Co. (Indiana) v. United States, 283 U.S. 235, 236 (1931); Atlantic Coast Line Rail Co. v. United States, 284 U.S. 288, 289 (1932); Norfolk & Western Railway Co. v. United States, 287 U.S. 134, 134 (1932); Appalachian Coals, Inc. v. United States, 288 U.S. 344, 346 (1933).
472:, O'Brian shaped the Department's interpretation of the wartime statutes and the prosecution strategy for enforcing them. In the words of historian Theodore Kornweibel, O'Brian and Bettman "attempted to curb the most egregious violations of civil liberties." To the extent that O'Brian considered the statutes' provisions to be consistent with the
467:
Although responsible for enforcing these congressional acts, O'Brian considered some of their provisions to be unconstitutional and declined to defend those provisions in court. To control unfettered and inconsistent enforcement of the statutes, O'Brian forbade local federal prosecutors from filing
1136:
See, e.g., International Shoe Co. v. Federal Trade
Commission, 280 U.S. 291, 293 (1930); United States v. Guaranty Trust Co. of N.Y., 280 U.S. 478, 479 (1930); Paramount Famous Lasky Corp. v. United States, 282 U.S. 30, 32 (1930); United States v. First National Pictures, 282 U.S. 44, 45 (1930);
329:(October 14, 1874 – April 11, 1973) was an American lawyer who held public offices in the administrations of five U.S. presidents between 1909 and 1945. O'Brian has been recognized by scholars for his commitment to civil liberties. At the time of O'Brian's death at the age of 98, Chief Justice
499:, who had just finished his legal education in Washington. Impressed with Hoover's diligence, O'Brian promoted him to Special Agent in charge of the Division's Alien Enemy Bureau. O'Brian later said of hiring Hoover, "It is one of the sins for which I have to atone."
635:
either left for or returned from government office; by 1950, it was known as
Covington, Burling, Rublee, O'Brian & Shorb. When Paul Shorb died, it was O'Brian who proposed that the name revert to simply Covington & Burling, which it has remained since 1951.
398:, thus beginning a bipartisan path of serving as an appointed office holder under both Republican and Democratic administrations. In his role as the federal government's principal attorney in western New York, O'Brian in 1913 filed an
678:, entitling his series "Security in an Age of Anxiety." His lectures were published by Harvard under the title "National Security and Individual Freedom." Speaking just months after the December 1954 Senate censure of Senator
682:, and reflecting on his World War I experience at the Justice Department, O'Brian warned against the danger of "craving for security at any price" and expressed his discomfort with many Cold War security and loyalty programs.
667:. In January 1956, at the age of 81, O'Brian argued for the last time before the U.S. Supreme Court. More than a year later, he was still arguing for clients before the federal circuit court of appeals in Washington, D.C.
572:
hired O'Brian as counsel to defend legal challenges to the constitutionality of the federally-owned corporation. As lead counsel, O'Brian twice argued before the U.S. Supreme Court in cases that upheld the TVA's legality.
1462:
1467:
476:, however, he played an active role in their enforcement. For example, O'Brian personally argued on behalf of the United States before the U.S. Supreme Court in the appeals brought by
425:
in a three-way race. He was the nominee of both the
Progressive and Citizens parties, netting 23,757 votes to Democrat Louis Fuhrmann's 30,219 and Republican Thomas Stoddart's 13,447.
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704:
was endowed by admirers of O'Brian and named in his honor, recognizing his service in the late 1940s as chairman of a committee dedicated to "revitalizing" that school.
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42:
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547:
134:
89:
386:; O'Brian left the State Assembly to take that position in 1909. O'Brian served as the U.S. Attorney throughout the subsequent administration of President
507:
O'Brian left the
Justice Department in 1919 and returned to the practice of law in Buffalo. Before the end of that year, he was mentioned as a potential
1497:
595:, saying that Dewey could "be trusted to keep the country out of war." O'Brian likewise said that Dewey was "a life-long" Republican, that is, not like
730:
1492:
1482:
516:
1294:
Washington
Ethical Society v. District of Columbia, 249 F.2d 127, 127 (1957); Walsh v. National Savings & Trust Co., 247 F.2d 781, 781 (1957).
519:
in New York also tried to enlist O'Brian to run in 1920 as challenger for the party's U.S. Senate nomination against incumbent
Republican Senator
1432:
468:
charges of espionage, sedition, or treason without approval from his
Division in Washington. Working with fellow Justice Department attorney
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353:. After receiving a bachelor of arts (A.B.) degree from Harvard in 1896, O'Brian returned to his hometown and received a bachelor of laws (
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652:
543:
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130:
96:
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on
January 1, 1945. The name of the law firm changed several times before and after O'Brian's arrival, particularly when partner
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798:
449:
261:
1184:
Five Days in
Philadelphia: The Amazing "We Want Willkie" Convention of 1940 and How It Freed FDR to Save the Western World
577:
557:
Upon leaving the Justice Department in 1933, O'Brian returned to private practice in Buffalo. There his clients included
372:
in the election of November 1906. While in the State Assembly, O'Brian was considered a consistent supporter of Governor
615:. O'Brian played a central role in organizing the Board's wartime activities and determining the scope of its authority.
588:
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O'Brian remained actively engaged in the practice of law beyond his 75th birthday. In 1949, O'Brian counseled
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280:
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of the Justice Department. In this role, O'Brian argued on behalf of the federal government (including the
663:
Administration's effort to take possession and operational control of the American steel industry in the
520:
1221:
Industrial Mobilization for War: History of the War Production Board and Predecessor Agencies, 1940-1945
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527:
as one of the reasons to prefer him to Wadsworth. O'Brian, however, declined to seek that nomination.
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When his government service concluded in the last months of World War II, O'Brian joined the
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212:
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Perilous Times: Free Speech in Wartime from the Sedition Act of 1798 to the War on Terrorism
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373:
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1223:. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. pp. 105, 149, 176, 330, 710, 851.
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1346:
1257:
1187:
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Tennessee Electric Power Co. v. Tennessee Valley Authority, 306 U.S. 118, 119 (1939).
987:
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819:
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473:
422:
418:
346:
240:
181:
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National Security and Individual Freedom (The Godkin Lectures at Harvard University)
816:"Investigate Everything": Federal Efforts to Compel Black Loyalty During World War I
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624:
581:
562:
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O'Brian's career in public office began at the age of 32, when he was elected as a
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244:
580:, O'Brian ran unsuccessfully as a Republican against incumbent Democratic Senator
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456:'s newly-formed War Emergency Division, which was responsible for enforcing the
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Instead, O'Brian served in the Hoover administration from 1929 to 1933 as the
30:
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656:
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1326:"Security As Threat:'Craving' for It Endangering Democracy, Lawyer Holds".
1285:
International Harvester Credit Corp. v. Goodrich, 350 U.S. 537, 537 (1956).
632:
485:
651:
exemption that had been recognized by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1922 in
305:
1233:
Westwood, Howard C. (1986). Covington & Burling: 1919-1984. p. 86.
648:
399:
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United States assistant attorneys general for the Antitrust Division
904:"Buffalo Evening News 5 November 1913 — The NYS Historic Newspapers"
853:
851:
390:. O'Brian also continued in that office into the administration of
602:
407:
1161:
Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority, 297 U.S. 288, 291 (1936).
492:) from their convictions for violating the Espionage Act of 1917.
848:
452:
under President Wilson. Gregory placed O'Brian in charge of the
435:
1276:
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579 (1952).
1254:
The Baseball Trust: A History of Baseball's Antitrust Exemption
925:
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354:
607:
During World War II, O'Brian served as general counsel to the
731:"John Lord O'Brian Dies at 98. Dean of the Supreme Court Bar"
495:
While in charge of the War Emergency Division, O'Brian hired
414:
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United States Attorneys for the Western District of New York
1208:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press. pp. 100, 107.
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841:
839:
837:
835:
384:
United States Attorney for the Western District of New York
349:. He attended public schools there before matriculating to
43:
United States Attorney for the Western District of New York
1112:"The Uncharted Role of John Lord O'Brian in Antitrust Law"
655:. In 1952, at the age of 77, he acted as co-counsel with
1473:
Lawyers who have represented the United States government
832:
1206:
The Navy and the Industrial Mobilization in World War II
554:) in more than 20 cases before the U.S. Supreme Court.
818:. Bloomington, IN: Indiana Univ. Press. p. 38.
534:
in 1928, O'Brian was considered for the position of
444:
to serve as a special assistant attorney general to
340:
951:. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. p.
948:
Young J. Edgar: Hoover and the Red Scare, 1919-1920
862:. Special to the New York Times. February 7, 1909.
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1024:Schenck v. United States, 247 U.S. 47, 48 (1919).
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1033:Debs v. United States, 247 U.S. 211, 212 (1919).
786:The Yale Biographical Dictionary of American Law
603:War Production Board Service During World War II
428:In 1915, O'Brian was a delegate to the New York
892:. Special to the New York Times. June 10, 1913.
739:. Special to The New York Times. April 11, 1973
523:Those Progressives cited O'Brian's support for
1508:People associated with Covington & Burling
1061:
789:. New Haven, Conn.: Yale Univ. Press. p.
618:
333:described him as the "dean" of the bar of the
1256:. New York: Oxford Univ. Press. p. 105.
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436:Justice Department Service During World War I
1340:
982:. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. pp.
1498:People of the Office of Strategic Services
813:
29:
1345:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press.
591:, O'Brian gave the nomination speech for
1305:"John O'Brian Gives Godkin Talk Tonight"
944:
653:Federal Baseball Club v. National League
413:In 1913, O'Brian unsuccessfully ran for
378:Hughes recommended O'Brian to President
1493:University at Buffalo Law School alumni
1483:Woodrow Wilson administration personnel
1203:
1116:Antitrust & Competition Policy Blog
1080:"O'Brian of Buffalo Out For Governor".
695:State University of New York at Buffalo
1450:
1251:
1218:
858:"Leaders to Take Advice of Woodruff".
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460:and later its amendments known as the
368:candidate to represent Buffalo in the
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410:on photographic films and equipment.
262:George Washington University Hospital
1186:, New York: PublicAffairs, p. 93,
888:"Government Sues the Kodak Trust".
714:
647:in responding to challenges to the
589:1940 Republican National Convention
13:
538:, but was passed over in favor of
335:Supreme Court of the United States
97:Special Assistant Attorney General
14:
1519:
1307:. Harvard Crimson. April 27, 1955
1109:
814:Kornweibel, Theodore Jr. (2002).
341:Early life and career in New York
873:"President Names J.L.O'Brien ".
359:University of Buffalo Law School
315:University of Buffalo Law School
1478:Hoover administration personnel
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693:The law school building at the
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670:In 1955, O'Brian delivered the
609:Office of Production Management
530:With the election of President
503:Activity Between the World Wars
1219:Fesler, James W., ed. (1947).
896:
881:
866:
807:
783:Newman, Roger K., ed. (2009).
776:
751:
578:congressional election of 1938
559:Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company
345:John Lord O'Brian was born in
1:
1118:. Law Professor Blogs Network
707:
659:in successfully opposing the
421:. He lost to incumbent mayor
281:Washington National Cathedral
930:"O'Brian May be Candidate".
700:In 1956, a professorship at
406:was maintaining an unlawful
7:
1341:O'Brian, John Lord (1955).
1204:Connery, Robert H. (1951).
1095:"For Schurman for Senate".
845:SUNY Buffalo School of Law.
685:He died on April 11, 1973.
619:Activity After World War II
10:
1524:
1147:"Plead for Pierce-Arrow".
945:Ackerman, Kenneth (2007).
763:SUNY Buffalo School of Law
611:and to its successor, the
570:Tennessee Valley Authority
544:Assistant Attorney General
402:lawsuit alleging that the
131:Assistant Attorney General
101:U.S. Department of Justice
99:, War Emergency Division,
1488:Harvard University alumni
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440:In 1917, O'Brian went to
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1399:Party political offices
976:Stone, Geoffrey (2004).
697:is named after O'Brian.
568:In the later 1930s, the
552:Federal Trade Commission
540:Charles Evans Hughes Jr.
482:Schenck v. United States
374:Charles Evans Hughes Sr.
1252:Banner, Stuart (2013).
702:Harvard Divinity School
629:Covington & Burling
517:Progressive Republicans
370:New York State Assembly
1242:Westwood, pp. 111-112.
536:U.S. Solicitor General
1384:"Lawyer Is Honored".
641:Major League Baseball
490:Debs v. United States
458:Espionage Act of 1917
454:Department of Justice
450:U.S. Attorney General
404:Eastman Kodak Company
1151:. November 17, 1934.
1099:. February 27, 1920.
1084:. November 28, 1919.
613:War Production Board
513:Governor of New York
462:Sedition Act of 1918
382:for the position of
190:War Production Board
1374:Stone, pp. 394-395.
1365:O'Brian, pp. 46-48.
1006:Kornweibel, p. 135.
877:. February 3, 1909.
759:"John Lord O'Brian"
521:James Wadsworth Jr.
446:Thomas Watt Gregory
388:William Howard Taft
300:Esther Lord O'Brian
90:Stephen T. Lockwood
1015:Kornweibel, p. 38.
676:Harvard University
665:Steel Seizure Case
548:Antitrust Division
380:Theodore Roosevelt
357:) degree from the
311:Harvard University
213:Franklin Roosevelt
170:William J. Donovan
135:Antitrust Division
66:Theodore Roosevelt
1446:
1445:
1437:Succeeded by
1407:George Z. Medalie
1330:. April 28, 1955.
1263:978-0-19-993029-6
1192:978-1-58648-112-4
962:978-0-78671-775-0
800:978-0-300-11300-6
546:in charge of the
474:U.S. Constitution
423:Louis P. Fuhrmann
347:Buffalo, New York
327:John Lord O'Brian
324:
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188:General Counsel,
182:Robert H. Jackson
23:John Lord O'Brian
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1440:Thomas J. Curran
1404:Preceded by
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582:Robert F. Wagner
563:Great Depression
525:women's suffrage
509:Republican Party
442:Washington, D.C.
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672:Godkin Lectures
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597:Wendell Willkie
593:Thomas E. Dewey
515:. A faction of
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497:J. Edgar Hoover
478:Charles Schenck
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511:candidate for
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