William J. Donovan

1430: 1082:

distinguished services to the Government of the United States, in a duty of great responsibility during World War I. As Battalion Commander of the 165th Infantry Regiment, 42d Division, during its operations in the Baccarat Sector from 28 to 31 July 1918, Colonel Donovan demonstrated high professional attainments and marked ability. He displayed conspicuous energy and most efficient leadership in the advance of his battalion across the Ourcq River and the capture of strong enemy positions. In October 1918, as Lieutenant Colonel he commanded the same regiment with marked success and distinction in the Meuse-Argonne offensive. His devotion to duty, heroism, and pronounced qualities of a commander enabled him to successfully accomplish all missions assigned to him in this important operation. From 3 January to 3 March 1919, as Inspector Instructor, Provost Marshall General's Department, he rendered services of great value to the American Expeditionary Forces.

1091: 1704:

Donovan's proposal, although Donovan felt reasonably confident he could talk the president into the idea. Hoover disapproved of Donovan's plan, which he saw as a direct threat to FBI authority, even though Donovan had stressed that his agency would operate only abroad, not domestically. After Roosevelt's death in April, however, Donovan's political position was substantially weakened. Although he argued forcefully for the OSS's retention, he found himself opposed by the new president, Harry S. Truman. While the OSS got "glowing reviews" from many wartime commanders, notably Eisenhower, who described its contributions as "vital", critics dismissed it as "an arm of British intelligence" and, like the Times-Herald reporter, painted dark pictures of it as an American Gestapo in the making.

2595: 1148:(of which Donovan himself was a member) and confiscated large amounts of illegal liquor. The club's members, who formed much of the city's upper crust, were outraged, having assumed that Prohibition did not apply to people such as themselves. Some regarded Donovan as a traitor to their class, and recalled that Donovan had not, after all, been born to high station but was, in fact, an Irish Catholic who had married into the world of privileged, professional Protestants. Donovan's law partner, Goodyear, quit their firm in anger over the raid, and Donovan's own wife never forgave him for it. Many working class residents of Buffalo cheered the raid as an example of equal justice under the law, however. 973: 40: 2275: 2254: 2564: 2058: 1874: 1054:

as Commanding Officer, 165th Infantry, 42d Division, American Expeditionary Forces, in action at Landres-et-St. Georges, France. Lieutenant Colonel Donovan personally led the assaulting wave in an attack upon a very strongly organized position, and when our troops were suffering heavy casualties he encouraged all near him by his example, moving among his men in exposed positions, reorganizing decimated platoons, and accompanying them forward in attacks. When he was wounded in the leg by machine-gun bullets, he refused to be evacuated and continued with his unit until it withdrew to a less exposed position.

2536: 2520: 1648:, were shot at by a German plane, then moved on toward the American front lines and encountered German machine-gun fire. As they lay on the ground, Bruce later recalled, Donovan said, "David, we mustn't be captured. We know too much." Donovan said that he had two suicide pills, but then discovered he didn't. "I must shoot first," Donovan said. Bruce replied, "Yes, sir, but can we do much against machine guns with our pistols?" Donovan explained: "Oh, you don't understand. I mean, if we are about to be captured, I'll shoot you first. After all, I am your commanding officer." 2315: 2196: 2125: 2182: 1755:, whom he spoke with ten times. But eventually Donovan fell out with Jackson. The latter wanted to indict the entire German High Command, not just men who had personally ordered or committed war crimes; Donovan considered this a violation of American principles of fairness. Donovan, a former prosecutor, also criticized Jackson's lack of skill and experience at putting together a strong case and at courtroom examination and cross-examination. Jackson removed him from the team, and Donovan returned to the U.S., where in January 1946 Truman presented him with the 924: 1369:. Impressed by Donovan and cheered by his eagerness to help Britain, Churchill ordered that he be given unlimited access to classified information. Donovan returned to the U.S. confident of Britain's chances and enamored of the possibility of founding an American intelligence service modeled on that of the British. He strongly urged Roosevelt to give Churchill the aid he requested. Roosevelt wanted to provide such aid, and asked Donovan to use his knowledge of the law to figure out how to skirt the congressional ban on selling armaments to the United Kingdom. 2139: 1689:. He fielded reports from across the continent, where the Wehrmacht was in such chaos that he "knew their positions on the battlefield better than German generals did." In one of many initiatives, he sent out "teams of French, Danish, Norwegian, and Polish nationals" to identify Gestapo officers who had tortured them and who now were trying to blend in with civilians in Allied-controlled areas of Germany. Acting on Donovan's orders, Dulles oversaw the surrender of the remaining Nazi forces in Italy several days in advance of the final German capitulation. 2550: 2428: 2332: 1729:, also introduced Jackson to useful foreign officials and even released OSS funds to bankroll the prosecution effort. Eventually, Jackson, who had been a political rival of Donovan's in New York State, considered him a "godsend"; in return for Donovan's help, but also because the OSS had proven "vital for the prosecution team," Jackson lobbied Truman in person to approve of Donovan's plans for a permanent postwar intelligence agency. The effort was unsuccessful, however. On September 20, 1945, Truman signed an executive order abolishing the OSS. 2162: 2404: 1102: 2388: 1068:

serving with 165th Infantry Regiment, 42d Division, A.E.F., near Villers-sur-Fere, France, July 28 - 31, 1918. Colonel Donovan led his battalion across the River Ourcq and captured important enemy strong holds. He was in advance of the division for four days, all the while under shell and machine-gun fire from the enemy, who were on three sides of him, and he was repeatedly and persistently counter-attacked, being wounded twice. Colonel Donovan's coolness and efficient leadership rendered possible the maintenance of this position.

2210: 2579: 2505: 2459: 1472:. Thomas has described the OSS as an "informal" and "freewheeling" place where "ank meant little." David Bruce later recalled: "Woe to the officer who turned down a project because, on its face, it seemed ridiculous or at least unusual ... His imagination was unlimited. Ideas were his plaything. Excitement made him snort like a race horse." Throughout the war, the OSS would endure criticism by segments of the U.S. media and by many highly placed figures in the U.S. government and military. General 2346: 2078: 2241: 2234: 2156: 2647: 1380:, a political columnist, Donovan's findings about Britain's fighting capability "almost singlehandedly overcame the unmitigated defeatism which was paralyzing Washington." Donovan also examined U.S. naval defenses in the Pacific (which he found wanting) and visited several countries along the Mediterranean and in the Middle East, serving as an unofficial envoy for both the U.S. and Britain and urging leaders there to stand up to the Nazis. He also met frequently in New York with 2102: 2095: 2052: 2021: 1581:. He was promoted to brigadier general in March 1943 and to major general in November 1944. Under his leadership the OSS would eventually conduct successful espionage and sabotage operations in Europe and parts of Asia, but continued to be kept out of South America owing to Hoover's hostility to Donovan, which also had a deleterious impact on efforts to share information between the two agencies. In addition, the OSS was blocked from the Philippines by the antipathy of General 2422: 2108: 2633: 2309: 2302: 2248: 805:; raised by an uncle who was a parish priest, he married Donovan's grandmother Mary Mahoney, who belonged to a propertied family of substantial means that disapproved of him. They first moved to Canada and then to Buffalo, where they dropped the "O" from their name. Donovan's father, born in 1858, worked as the superintendent of a Buffalo railroad yard, as secretary for Holy Cross Cemetery, and attempted to engage in a political career with little success. 2482: 2295: 2227: 1829:. After returning from abroad, U.S. businessmen and ambassadors passed information to Donovan that he shared with the CIA. Instead of being grateful for Donovan's help, Truman was furious, considering him an intrusive meddler. In the 1952 presidential election, Donovan campaigned for Eisenhower, who had become a good friend since the war. After his victory, Donovan hoped to be named CIA head, but instead Eisenhower appointed Dulles, whose brother, 1308:

campaign, had harshly criticized Roosevelt's record as Governor of New York. The two men were from opposing political parties, but were similar in personality. Roosevelt respected Donovan's experience, felt that Hoover had done Donovan wrong on the Attorney General appointment, and believed that if Donovan had been a Democrat he could have been elected president. Also, Donovan's national profile had risen considerably thanks to the 1940

1655:'s newly set-up tent headquarters on the beach. Upon returning to Washington, Donovan reported directly to Roosevelt on what he had observed. The success of the invasion, he said, showed that German naval and air forces were definitely no longer "Big League" and that "something has died in the German machine. Before the month was over, he was in Italy, implementing reforms in the OSS operation in that theater. He also met with 1803: 2035: 1510:, and oversaw the invention of new, espionage-friendly guns, cameras, and bombs. Donovan also recruited agents, selecting individuals with a wide range of backgrounds – ranging from intellectuals and artists to people with criminal backgrounds. He hired a great many female spies, dismissing criticism by those who felt women were unsuited to such work. Among his prominent recruits were film director 1941:(VA) to name an upstate New York cemetery after Donovan. In 2016, however, the VA decided against using Donovan's name. "It is outrageous that nothing has been done to honor Gen. Donovan, one of America's greatest patriots, in Buffalo or western New York," declared Charles Pinck, president of the OSS Society, who had thought the naming of the cemetery after Donovan was "a done deal". 1825:, whom Waller described as "lackluster". Meanwhile, Donovan accepted a Truman appointment to head a committee studying the country's fire departments. But he worked behind the scenes to aid in the formation of the CIA, recommending that Hillenkoetter hire Dulles and other OSS veterans, suggesting various covert operations, and sharing contacts and information from behind the 1396: 2619: 1140:. Presented with the medal at a New York City ceremony that was attended by about four thousand veterans, Donovan refused to keep it, saying that it belonged not to him but "to the boys who are not here, the boys who are resting under the white crosses in France or in the cemeteries of New York, also to the boys who were lucky enough to come through. 1457:, a code-breaking organization left over from World War I." In Stimson's view, "Gentlemen do not read each other's mail." The Army, Navy, FBI, State Department, and other entities all ran their own intelligence units, but they were feeble and isolated from one another. They also saw Donovan's new operation as a threat to their turfs. 2361: 1414:: ‘I was soon requested to draft a blueprint for an American intelligence agency, the equivalent of BSC and based on these British wartime improvisations... detailed tables of organisation were disclosed to Washington... among these were the organisational tables that led to the birth of General William Donovan’s OSS.’ 1585:, the commander of the Southwest Pacific Theater. OSS espionage and other on-site activities helped prepare the ground for the 1942 Allied invasion of North Africa, however, and Donovan himself took part in the Allied landing at Salerno, Italy, on September 3, 1943, and at the Anzio landing on January 22, 1944. 1592:, to which he had urged both Roosevelt and Churchill to pay more attention. He met in Europe with highly placed anti-Nazi Germans to broker an early peace that would allow for occupation by the Western Allies, establish a democratic Germany, and leave the Soviets out in the cold. In China, he struggled with 1814:

Cold War quickly intensified, Truman recognized the need for a far stronger intelligence service, and in February 1947 asked Congress to approve plans for a Central Intelligence Agency along the lines Donovan had proposed. Donovan himself lobbied Congress privately to pass the enabling legislation, the

1713:

technicalities, and in the months that followed Donovan collected testimonies about war criminals and related information from a wide range of sources. In addition to seeking justice, Donovan wanted to exact retribution for the torture and killing of OSS agents. When Truman named Supreme Court Justice

1712:

While British authorities and the US military and State Department were relatively indifferent to the question of trying war criminals after the war, Donovan was lobbying Roosevelt as early as October 1943 to arrange for such prosecutions. Roosevelt tasked Donovan with looking into the legalities and

1053:

CITATION: The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Lieutenant Colonel (Infantry) William Joseph "Wild Bill" Donovan (ASN: 0-102383), United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 14 and 15 October 1918, while serving

1271:

During the interwar years, as "part of an informal network of American businessmen and lawyers who closely tracked and collected intelligence on foreign affairs," Donovan traveled extensively in Europe and Asia, "establishing himself as a player in international affairs – and honing his skills as an

1970:

The William J. Donovan Award was created by the OSS Society, which was founded by Donovan in 1947. The award is presented by the OSS Society to "someone who has exemplified the distinguishing features that characterized General Donovan's lifetime of public service to the United of States of America

1143:

As US Attorney, he was becoming well known as a vigorous crime-fighter. He was especially famous (and, in some circles, notorious) for his energetic enforcement of Prohibition. There were a number of threats to assassinate him and to dynamite his home, but he was not deterred. The climax of his war

808:

Donovan was born on New Year's Day in 1883. (Named William, he chose his middle name, Joseph, at the time of his confirmation.) He had two younger brothers and two younger sisters who survived into adulthood and several additional younger siblings who died in infancy or childhood. "From Anna's side

1885:

Donovan had begun experiencing symptoms of dementia while in Thailand, and he was hospitalized in 1957. While in the hospital, he "imagined he saw the Red Army coming over the 59th Street bridge, into Manhattan, and in one memorable last mission, fled the hospital, wandering down the street in his

1813:

Meanwhile, Truman moved forward with plans for a new intelligence agency, finally giving approval in 1946 for a watered-down interdepartmental "Central Intelligence Group." Donovan warned that it would be ineffectual – he compared it to a "debating society" – and he soon proved to be right. As the

1406:

Donovan and Stephenson, according to Thomas, "eventually became so close that they were known as 'Big Bill' and 'Little Bill'." Donovan, Waller has said, "could not have formed the OSS without the British, who provided intelligence, trainers, organizational charts and advice – all with the idea of

1167:

and named Donovan as Stone's assistant, in charge of the criminal division. Donovan and his wife split their time between Washington and Buffalo, where he continued to run his law firm. At the Justice Department, Donovan hired women and eschewed yes-men. He and his wife became a popular Washington

1067:

CITATION: The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Colonel (Infantry) William Joseph "Wild Bill" Donovan (ASN: 0-102383), United States Army, for extraordinary heroism in action while

1037:

of November 11, 1918, Donovan remained in Europe as part of the occupation. On returning to New York in April 1919, Donovan, now a colonel, was widely discussed as a possible candidate for governor, but he rejected the idea, proclaiming his intention to return to Buffalo and resume the practice of

1632:

which were based in London. Nonetheless, as of May 1944, Donovan had "some eleven thousand American officers and foreign agents scattered in every important capital." During the war he also received intelligence from a network of Catholic priests across Europe who engaged in espionage without the

1000:

Donovan's remarkable level of endurance, which far exceeded that of the much younger soldiers under his command, led those men to give him the nickname "Wild Bill", which stuck with him for the rest of his life. Although he "professed annoyance with the nickname", his wife "knew that deep down he

1703:

revealed his plans for a postwar intelligence agency and published a secret memo he had sent to Roosevelt proposing its creation. The article compared the proposed agency to the Gestapo. Knowing that Americans wanted a smaller federal government after the war, Roosevelt was not entirely sold on

1615:

By 1943, Donovan's relations with British officials were becoming increasingly strained as a result of turf wars, strategic and tactical disagreements, radical differences in style and temperament (the British accused the OSS of playing "cowboys and red Indians"), and contrasting visions of the

1307:

Donovan openly believed during this time that a second major European war was inevitable. His foreign experience and realism earned him the friendship of President Roosevelt, notwithstanding their extreme differences in domestic policy and despite the fact that Donovan, during the 1932 election

1081:

CITATION: The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Colonel (Infantry) William Joseph "Wild Bill" Donovan (ASN: 0-102383), United States Army, for exceptionally meritorious and

1962:, has a statue of Donovan in the lobby. Thomas observed that Donovan's "exploits are utterly improbable but by now well documented in declassified wartime records that portray a brave, noble, headlong, gleeful, sometimes outrageous pursuit of action and skulduggery." 1017:. "They can't hit me and they won't hit you!" he told his men. Struck in the knee by a bullet, he "refused to be evacuated and continued to direct his men until even American tanks were turning back under withering German fire". After lobbying by his friend, Father 1856:

After returning to the U.S., he resumed his law practice and registered as a lobbyist for the Thai government. Eisenhower made him chairman of the People to People Foundation, a group that arranged international citizen exchanges; Donovan also worked with the

1782:

sat on the board as well. The ACUE financed the European Movement, the most important federalist organization in the immediate postwar years. (In 1958, the ACUE provided 53.5% of the movement's funds.) In addition, the ACUE provided all of the funding for the

1259:, who served as "personal adviser and campaign critic". But despite Donovan's offstage charm and force, he proved to be an uninspiring campaigner on the stump. He ran a disorganized, strategy-free campaign, and in the end lost to the Democratic nominee, 1338:

in Europe, President Roosevelt began to put the United States on a war footing. This was a crisis of the sort that Donovan had predicted, and he sought out a responsible place in the wartime infrastructure. On the recommendation of Donovan's friend,

1491:, and FDR told Donovan, apropos of the COI, "It's a good thing you got me started on this." When Hitler gave a speech declaring war on the United States, he mentioned Donovan, whom he called "utterly unworthy". Donovan urged Roosevelt not to intern 1193:. Donovan was admired for his energetic and effective arguments before the Supreme Court, and was a favorite off-the-record source for the Washington press corps. He was talked up as a possible candidate for Governor of New York in 1926 and for the 825:

major. Considering the priesthood, he ultimately decided "he wasn't good enough to be a priest," although he did win another oratorical contest, this time with a speech warning of corrupt, anti-Christian forces that threatened the United States.

1326:

played Donovan, and Roosevelt recognized a useful opportunity to exploit Donovan's newfound popularity. As the two men began exchanging notes about developments abroad, Roosevelt recognized that Donovan could be an important ally and adviser.

1849:, lacked the energy and vision to prevent. One source says that he "was deeply involved in setting up C.I.A. operations in Vietnam and throughout Southeast Asia." Although his performance as ambassador received glowing reviews from the 2002:

Donovan's son, David Rumsey Donovan, was a naval officer who served with distinction in World War II. His grandson, William James Donovan, served as an enlisted soldier in Vietnam and is also buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

2445: 1674:, the invading army "knew everything about that beach and where every German was." Donovan was present for that invasion, too, after which he returned to Rome for a secret meeting with Hitler's envoy to the Vatican, 1901:

Upon learning of his death, the CIA sent a cable to its station chiefs: "The man more responsible than any other for the existence of the Central Intelligence Agency has passed away." He is buried in Section 2 of

1012:

on October 14–15, 1918. Going into battle, Donovan "ignored the officers' custom of covering or stripping off insignia of rank (targets for snipers) and instead sallied forth wearing his medals", according to

1717:

to serve as chief U.S. counsel in the prosecution of Nazi war criminals, Jackson, discovering that the OSS was the only agency that had seriously explored the issue, invited Donovan to join his trial staff.

1948:. He is also known as the "Father of American Intelligence" and the "Father of Central Intelligence". "The Central Intelligence Agency regards Donovan as its founding father," according to Thomas in a 2011 1844:

Donovan took up that post on September 4. While in Thailand, he frequently traveled to Vietnam, which he thought could become a communist country, a possibility he felt the U.S. ambassador to that country,

5182: 5187: 710: 1933:

In 2011, it was suggested that a new federal courthouse in Buffalo be named after Donovan, but, instead, it was named after Robert H. Jackson, his rival prosecutor at Nuremberg. In 2014, U.S. Senator

643: 1818:. It was, in Waller's words, "a vindication of Donovan's vision". Among the OSS members who went on to become major CIA figures were Dulles, William Casey, William Colby, and James Jesus Angleton. 1460:

Nevertheless, Donovan began to lay the groundwork for a centralized intelligence program. Working closely with Dick Ellis, it was he who organized the COI's New York headquarters in Room 3603 of

837:

fraternity, rowed on varsity crew, again won a prize for oratory, was a campus football hero, and was voted the "most modest" and one of the "handsomest" members of the graduating class of 1905.

5142: 5087: 5192: 1421:: ‘The really active head of the intelligence section in Donovan’s group is . . . in other words, assistant in the British intelligence is running Donovan’s intelligence service.’" 4109: 5132: 887:, seeking to persuade the governments of Britain and Germany to allow the shipment of food and clothing into Belgium, Serbia, and Poland. In July of that year, at the behest of the 5147: 852:. Returning to Buffalo, he joined the respected law firm of Love & Keating in 1909 and, two years later, opened his own Buffalo firm in partnership with a Columbia classmate, 5062: 4176: 4088: 4034: 5212: 1837:, but Donovan turned down the offer, not wanting to work closely with John Foster Dulles, for whom he had little respect. In August 1953, however, he did accept the post of 4997: 2675: 1113:

Following his return to the U.S., Donovan took his wife on a combined vacation, business trip, and intelligence mission to Japan, China, and Korea, then went on alone to

1616:

postwar world. (The British wanted to retain their empire; Donovan saw the empire, at least in some instances, as an impediment to democracy and economic development.)

1129: 309: 601: 1841:, because the country was an important Cold War front and the position was one in which he felt he could operate with relative independence from Secretary Dulles. 1372:

British diplomats, who shared Churchill's admiration for Donovan, expressed the wish to State Department officials that Donovan replace U.S. Ambassador to Britain

947:

soldier who had taken part in the rescue had not also been awarded the honor. When this insult was corrected, Donovan accepted the distinction. He was awarded the

915:

was the 42nd Division's chief of staff. Donovan's son David was born in 1915, and a daughter, Patricia, was born in 1917. (Patricia died in an accident in 1940.)

596: 2280: 2261: 221: 856:. In 1914, their firm merged with another, becoming Goodyear & O'Brien. In 1912, Donovan helped form, and became the leader of, a troop of cavalry of the 5197: 5177: 5077: 5017: 1697:

As World War II began to wind to a close in early 1945, Donovan began to focus on preserving the OSS beyond the end of the war. A February 19 article in the

833:, where he looked beyond "Catholic dogma" and attended Protestant and Jewish worship services to decide whether he wanted to change religions. He joined the 500: 109: 87: 5167: 4807: 1685:

In the closing days of the war in Europe, Donovan spent much of his time in London, where he worked out of a command center that took up an entire floor of

5222: 5032: 5027: 1807: 1569:

In 1942, the COI ceased being a White House operation and was placed under the aegis of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Roosevelt also changed its name to the

5127: 1682:

to discuss OSS operations in Yugoslavia. Also in August 1944, Donovan came into conflict with Churchill over the OSS's support for Greek anti-royalists.

1495:, warning that such an action would address a problem that did not exist, do harm to loyal Americans, and provide the Japanese with ammunition for their 1429: 4352: 5157: 5107: 4962: 5217: 5202: 5137: 2665: 1721:

On May 17, 1945, Donovan flew to Europe to prepare for the prosecutions, and eventually brought 172 OSS officers onto Jackson's team, interviewing

5042: 1659:, telling him about the activities of intelligence agents working out of the Japanese embassy at the Vatican. During the weeks leading up to the 1280:, and Roosevelt's prospects for re-election in 1936. Mussolini granted Donovan permission to visit the Italian front in Ethiopia, where he found 5152: 5097: 1821:

Donovan wanted to lead the CIA, and had many supporters who urged Truman to put him in charge. Instead, the president gave the job to Admiral

1771:– a book he never completed. He traveled extensively in Europe and Asia and ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for the Senate. 1778:(ACUE), which worked to counter the new Communist threat to Europe by promoting European political unity. The vice-chairman was Dulles, and 1365:. Donovan and Churchill got along famously, sharing war stories and reciting in unison the nineteenth-century poem "The Cavalier's Song" by 1938: 1118: 623: 5067: 5047: 2040: 1030: 985: 948: 754: 666: 5227: 5012: 4052: 2337: 1596:

and his underlings for permission to carry out espionage activities in their territory. He inspected OSS operations in Burma, met with

5122: 5037: 4180: 2169: 5057: 4889: 1725:

survivors, tracking down SS and Gestapo documents, and uncovering other evidence. Donovan, whose idea it was to hold the trials in

1446: 271: 217: 171: 1090: 5102: 2065: 1756: 758: 5082: 2670: 2435: 908: 1663:

to kill Hitler, Dulles, Donovan's man in Switzerland, who was in contact with the plotters, kept him abreast of developments.

872:. He studied military strategy and combat tactics. He also took acting courses in New York City from a stage star of the day, 5112: 4775: 4749: 4591: 4425: 4396: 1886:

pajamas." Shortly before his death, he was visited by Eisenhower, who later told a friend that Donovan was "the last hero".

1666:

A particular triumph for the OSS was the role it played in conveying intelligence from southern France in the run-up to the

5172: 4969: 4831: 4069: 3382: 2555: 1927: 1915: 1217: 814: 121: 5052: 2723: 2187: 1955: 1775: 1340: 1121:. He went back to work at his law firm, but also took an extensive journey to Europe, where he did business on behalf of 1106: 735: 723: 1132:. A high point came in 1923, when, as a result of continued pressure from Father Duffy, Donovan was finally awarded the 749:, Donovan is believed to be the only person to have been awarded all four of the following prestigious decorations: the 3340: 3038: 1945: 1919: 1732:

As was only revealed 60 years later, Donovan succeeded in getting the Americans to block the Soviet attempt to add the

1346:, Roosevelt gave him a number of increasingly important assignments. In 1940 and 1941, Donovan traveled as an informal 5022: 4937: 4705: 4678: 4561: 4523: 4497: 3969: 3442: 3417: 2585: 932: 888: 1468:

to head it; the offices Dulles took were on the floor immediately above the location of the operations of Britain's

1449:(COI). "At the time," Thomas wrote, "the U.S. government had no formal spy agency. In 1929, the Secretary of State, 1284:

much improved since the war and predicted an Italian victory. Donovan also made connections with leading figures in

4854: 1350:

to Britain, where he was urged by Knox and Roosevelt to gauge Britain's ability to withstand Germany's aggression.

1244: 671: 420: 20: 817:, a Catholic institution at which he played football, acted in plays, and won an award for oratory. He went on to 4811: 1894: 1484: 1169: 896: 633: 565: 560: 1588:

Donovan was in fact very active in virtually every theater of World War II. He spent a good deal of time in the

1201:

promised to make him Attorney General if Hoover won the Presidency in 1928, but instead, under the influence of

5117: 2322: 2201: 1911: 1858: 1388:, a spy for MI6 who was known as "Intrepid", and Stephenson's deputy, Australian-born MI6 intelligence officer 1381: 1164: 3994: 3330: 895:'s army in the hunt for Pancho Villa. Promoted to major in the field, he returned to Buffalo, then joined the 4356: 1815: 1358: 546: 5207: 2594: 1767:

In 1946, Donovan resumed the practice of law and began writing a history of American intelligence since the

1566:. There were so many aristocrats in the agency that the joke went around that OSS stood for "Oh So Social". 4927: 4863: 2686: 2144: 1570: 1434: 1248: 1194: 719: 570: 52: 4827: 2680: 2601: 2487: 2450: 1988: 1903: 1878: 1862: 1180: 939:

wound in one leg and was almost blinded by gas. After performing a rescue under fire, he was offered the

727: 616: 410: 4216: 2366: 1768: 1183:

in 1925, Donovan was put in charge of the Department of Justice's antitrust division, often serving as

510: 39: 5092: 4737: 4659:

Americans All, the Rainbow at War: The Official History of the 42nd Rainbow Division in the World War

2240: 2233: 2155: 2101: 2094: 2051: 1838: 1737: 1221: 972: 952: 3003: 2351: 1392:, who has been credited with writing the blueprint for Donovan's new American intelligence agency. 1225: 1137: 1009: 936: 891:, he returned to the U.S. and took his cavalry troop to the Texas border to join Brigadier General 734:. He is regarded as the founding father of the CIA, and a statue of him stands in the lobby of the 487: 2274: 2253: 1519: 5072: 4945: 4474: 4386: 2510: 2421: 2215: 2130: 1873: 1834: 1784: 1699: 1578: 1476:

was an early critic but later changed his mind. Eisenhower was always supportive, as was General

1438: 869: 857: 793:) and Timothy P. Donovan, both American-born children of Irish immigrants. The Lennons were from 762: 638: 611: 586: 456: 113: 2563: 2444: 2308: 2301: 2247: 1740:, unofficially included on his staff, that it was not the Germans but the Soviet secret service 1675: 1407:

making OSS an adjunct to British intelligence. But Donovan wanted to mount his own operations."

773:, as well as decorations from a number of other nations for his service during both World Wars. 4795: 2569: 2464: 2057: 1950: 1745: 1319: 1190: 884: 873: 606: 2409: 2394: 4554:

Duffy's War: Fr. Francis Duffy, Wild Bill Donovan, and the Irish Fighting 69th in World War I

4466: 4074: 2535: 1554:(who helped with the effort to analyze the psyches of Hitler and other Nazi leaders), author 996:(fourth from left) and Lieutenant Colonel William J. Donovan (right) await their decorations. 955:, in which hundreds of members of his regiment died, including his acting adjutant, the poet 845: 73: 4791: 4619: 2294: 2226: 813:, wrote. "From Tim came toughness and duty and honor to country and clan." Donovan attended 5007: 5002: 4858: 2652: 2519: 1976: 1923: 1822: 1671: 1652: 1629: 1281: 1252: 715: 264: 142: 1736:

to the list of German war crimes. He had been convinced by the German opponent of Hitler,

1376:, who favored the appeasers and was defeatist regarding British prospects. In the view of 8: 5162: 1779: 1686: 1605: 1160: 923: 841: 830: 434: 2541: 2314: 2195: 1353:

During these trips, Donovan met with key officials in the British war effort, including

4382: 4089:"N.Y. vets' cemetery won't bear 'Wild Bill' Donovan's name, irking WWII U.S. spy group" 2549: 2181: 2124: 1830: 1660: 1597: 1535: 1492: 1461: 1385: 1366: 1005: 989: 900: 865: 818: 809:

of the family came style and etiquette and the dreams of poets," Donovan's biographer,

505: 430: 4724:

Donovan and the CIA: A History of the Establishment of the Central Intelligence Agency

4053:"Donovan, Leisure, Newton & Irvine shuts its doors"}, nytimes.com, April 20, 1998. 2427: 2138: 1330:

Roosevelt came to place great value on Donovan's insight. Following Germany's and the

4847: 4771: 4745: 4711: 4701: 4684: 4674: 4667: 4646: 4639: 4625: 4606: 4587: 4567: 4557: 4549: 4537: 4519: 4503: 4493: 4478: 4421: 4402: 4392: 3438: 3413: 3336: 3034: 2526: 1984: 1980: 1959: 1890: 1714: 1667: 1645: 1628:, and categorically forbade the OSS to operate within the UK, or to deal with allied 1582: 1563: 1543: 1373: 1354: 1314: 1256: 1156: 1101: 981: 965: 912: 876:. In 1914, he married Ruth Rumsey, a Buffalo heiress who had attended Rosemary Hall. 810: 786: 739: 382: 330: 2331: 1752: 969:, dramatised the events of this battle and the 69th Infantry Regiment's role in it. 4759: 2624: 2491: 2468: 2403: 2370: 2265: 2161: 2069: 1898: 1796: 1641: 1488: 1450: 1273: 1026: 1018: 977: 903:

fame, later called the 165th, which was training for America's expected entry into

892: 853: 442: 438: 399: 4417:

Wild Bill Donovan: The Spymaster Who Created the OSS and Modern American Espionage

2387: 4823: 4818: 4731: 4415: 2638: 2578: 2209: 1972: 1934: 1850: 1788: 1679: 1621: 1593: 1515: 1503: 1473: 1377: 1309: 1277: 1173: 1152: 1128:

From 1922 to 1924, while maintaining his private law practice, he also served as

993: 940: 849: 292: 242: 77: 2504: 1612:. Overall, the OSS was most effective in the Balkans, China, Burma, and France. 1205:

Southerners, among others, Hoover ended up offering him the governorship of the

4763: 3240: 2026: 1792: 1733: 1625: 1418: 1362: 1260: 1198: 1133: 750: 661: 2458: 1506:, arranged clandestine collaborations with international corporations and the 4991: 4979: 4733:

America's Heroes: Medal of Honor Recipients from the Civil War to Afghanistan

4541: 4406: 4037:

Look Back ... Gen. William J. Donovan Heads Office of Strategic Services

2360: 2173: 1907: 1656: 1644:. Going ashore, he and his commander of covert operations in Europe, Colonel 1477: 1454: 1213: 1202: 1155:

cleaned house at the Department of Justice in the wake of the late President

1022: 1008:

of the 165th Regiment, Donovan fought in another battle that took place near

834: 790: 461: 164: 4715: 4571: 4507: 4177:"A Look Back ... Gen. William J. Donovan Heads Office of Strategic Services" 3098: 3080: 3062: 2345: 4870: 4629: 4610: 4579: 3866: 2451:

Honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire

2115: 2077: 1846: 1826: 1531: 1465: 1335: 1331: 1323: 1297: 1285: 1122: 960: 956: 861: 782: 770: 731: 682: 628: 4688: 4603:

The Shamrock Battalion of the Rainbow: A Story of the Fighting Sixty-Ninth

4482: 1144:

on alcohol came in August 1923, when his agents raided Buffalo's upmarket

3332:

Secret Wars: One Hundred Years of British Intelligence Inside MI5 and MI6

2690:(1979), sculpture on the Columbia University campus commemorating Donovan 2083: 1991: 1833:, was the new Secretary of State. Eisenhower offered to make Donovan the 1624:

was extremely hostile towards the idea of OSS operations anywhere in the

1559: 1555: 1547: 1539: 1527: 1410:

According to Ellis, quoted in his biography by British-Australian author

1206: 1145: 1050:

GENERAL ORDERS: War Department, General Orders No. 56, December 30, 1922

1014: 904: 899:, also known as the "Fighting Irish Regiment". This was the same 69th of 798: 766: 746: 677: 591: 2632: 2020: 1168:

couple, although Donovan's relationship with the acting Director of the

1072:

Army Distinguished Service Medal AWARDED FOR ACTIONS DURING World War I

829:

With the expectation of studying law, Donovan eventually transferred to

4650: 4529: 4294: 4125: 2660: 1609: 1496: 1411: 1399: 1389: 1343: 1237: 1229: 1095: 802: 4669:

OSS: The Secret History of America's First Central Intelligence Agency

2107: 714:(January 1, 1883 – February 8, 1959) was an American soldier, lawyer, 1726: 1722: 1574: 1551: 1523: 1511: 1272:

intelligence gatherer overseas." He met with such foreign leaders as

1034: 801:. Donovan's grandfather, Timothy O'Donovan Sr., was from the town of 5183:

United States assistant attorneys general for the Antitrust Division

2481: 1189:

Attorney General during the frequent absences of Stone's successor,

927:

Lieutenant Colonel William J. Donovan in uniform, September 6, 1918.

5188:

United States assistant attorneys general for the Criminal Division

4768:

Pershing's Lieutenants: American Military Leadership in World War I

4741: 1507: 1347: 1276:, with whom he discussed World War I, the expansionist ideology of 1233: 1212:

Resigning from the Department of Justice in 1929, Donovan moved to

1185: 1058:

Distinguished Service Cross AWARDED FOR ACTIONS DURING World War I

1865:, and in 1956 raised a large sum of money for Hungarian refugees. 1802: 1748:. But shortly afterwards Donovan came into conflict with Jackson. 1300:

and taking steps to protect his Jewish clients in Europe from the

4452:

The Secrets War: The Office of Strategic Services in World War II

4064: 1589: 1114: 822: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4163: 2034: 1232:

that then resulted; he also acquired celebrity clients, such as

4161: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4143: 1293: 1289: 1033:(i.e., a second DSC) for his service in that battle. After the 944: 880: 840:

After earning his bachelor of arts, Donovan spent two years at

794: 3987: 3383:"Interview with 'Wild Bill' Donovan Biographer Douglas Waller" 1094:

Medal of Honor presented to Donovan, in the collection of the

718:

and diplomat. He is best known for serving as the head of the

16:

American soldier, lawyer, and intelligence officer (1883–1959)

5143:

Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)

5088:

Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire

3514: 1751:

In Nuremberg, Donovan interrogated many prisoners, including

1637: 1395: 1078:

GENERAL ORDERS: War Department, General Orders No. 43 (1922)

5193:

United States Attorneys for the Western District of New York

4801: 4140: 3606: 3604: 2676:

List of U.S. political appointments that crossed party lines

1670:

on August 15, 1944. Thanks to Donovan's spies, said Colonel

1288:. But he was no friend of the dictators, publicly assailing 1176:, briefly one of his underlings, was fraught with friction. 4808:"Donovan Nuremberg Trials Collection at Cornell University" 1853:, he resigned from his position effective August 21, 1954. 1741: 1601: 1502:

Donovan set up espionage and sabotage schools, established

1445:

On July 11, 1941, Roosevelt signed an order naming Donovan

1301: 310:

United States Attorney for the Western District of New York

2542:

Grand Officer of the Order of Léopold of Belgium with Palm

1334:'s invasions of Poland in September 1939 and the start of 1163:, he appointed Donovan's former professor Harlan Stone as 821:, a Catholic university and seminary where he undertook a 4013: 3937: 3913: 3888: 3876: 3836: 3800: 3772: 3760: 3748: 3736: 3724: 3712: 3700: 3688: 3652: 3640: 3628: 3616: 3601: 3577: 3565: 3553: 1617: 1600:

in Moscow to arrange for cooperation between the OSS and

1469: 1125:

and gathered intelligence about international Communism.

1064:

GENERAL ORDERS: War Department, General Orders 71 (1919)

931:

During World War I, Major Donovan led the 1st battalion,

212:

Himself (as Director of the Office of Strategic Services)

4337: 4335: 4295:"William J. Donovan From Fighting Irishman to Spymaster" 3543: 3541: 3468: 3466: 2886: 1971:

as a citizen and a soldier". Notable recipients include

1640:, Donovan was on one of the ships that took part in the 1604:, and was present for MacArthur's successful April 1944 5148:

Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)

4333: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4315: 3437:. Edinburgh: Black & White Publishing. p. 97. 3412:. Edinburgh: Black & White Publishing. p. 96. 3356: 3307: 3295: 3283: 3271: 3247: 3220: 3208: 3196: 3172: 3160: 3150: 3148: 3109: 2934: 2910: 2844: 935:

of the 42nd Division. Serving in France, he suffered a

5063:

Commanders with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta

4819:

FBI FoI Act Release: File#:77-78706 William J. Donovan

1542:, businessman Alfred V. du Pont (son of industrialist 1041:

Medal of Honor AWARDED FOR ACTIONS DURING World War I

4584:

The Secret War: Spies, Codes and Guerrillas 1939–1945

3949: 3925: 3848: 3824: 3812: 3676: 3664: 3589: 3538: 3526: 3463: 3099:"Valor awards for William Joseph "Wild Bill" Donovan" 3081:"Valor awards for William Joseph "Wild Bill" Donovan" 3063:"Valor awards for William Joseph "Wild Bill" Donovan" 2742: 992:(furthest left) reads out the citation while Colonel 5213:

American military personnel of the Russian Civil War

5133:

Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)

4488:

Ettinger, Albert M.; Ettinger, A. Churchill (1992).

4312: 4030: 4028: 3502: 3490: 3478: 3451: 3259: 3184: 3145: 3133: 3121: 3043: 2958: 2946: 2922: 2898: 2856: 2832: 2614: 2325:

with Arrowhead device and two bronze campaign stars

1889:

Donovan died at the age of 76 from complications of

1744:

that had murdered some 4,000 Polish officers in the

272:

Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division

4998:

Honorary members of the Order of the British Empire

4624:(7th ed.). Chicago: Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity. 4353:"Michel Robert receives highest order of France..." 2820: 2790: 2778: 2766: 2754: 1255:. Assisting Donovan in his campaign was journalist 4666: 4638: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4103: 2815:The American Legion: A Official History, 1919–1989 1573:(OSS). Donovan was returned to active duty in the 1130:U.S. Attorney for the Western District of New York 868:during the American government's campaign against 4025: 3961: 2666:List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War I 2438:with Palm and Silver Star (France) (World War I) 2284:(second ribbon required for accoutrement spacing) 1220:, in partnership with Frank Raichle. Despite the 4989: 4758: 4518:(Edinburgh: Black & White Publishing, 2023) 4487: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4266: 2465:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Sylvester 1417:Said United States Assistant Secretary of State 4904:as Director of the Office of Strategic Services 4621:Grand Catalogue of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity 4264: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4195: 4081: 2997: 2995: 2993: 3789: 3787: 3377: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3324: 3322: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2281:European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal 2262:European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal 4344: 4179:. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from 3970:"Death of William Joseph "Wild Bill" Donovan" 1774:He also became chairman of the newly founded 5198:World War I recipients of the Medal of Honor 5178:United States Army Medal of Honor recipients 5078:Grand Officers of the Order of Orange-Nassau 5018:Ambassadors of the United States to Thailand 4824:Newspaper clippings about William J. Donovan 4243: 4112:William J. Donovan and the National Security 3871:The Katyn Massacre 1940. History of a Crime. 3025: 3023: 3021: 2817:, New York: M. Evans and Co., 1990; p. 107. 2602:The Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant 2525:Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of 1224:, he made a success of handling many of the 134:September 4, 1953 – August 21, 1954 5223:Central Intelligence Agency founding member 5033:United States Army generals of World War II 5028:United States Army personnel of World War I 4726:, CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence. 3910:, New York: Random House, 1991, pp. 165–66. 3784: 3368: 3319: 2970: 2570:Grand Officer of the Order of Orange Nassau 2268:, two silver and one bronze campaign stars 1965: 1906:. After his death, Donovan was awarded the 1487:, Donovan met privately with Roosevelt and 5128:People of the Office of Strategic Services 4457: 4048: 4046: 2706: 2704: 1105:Donovan in 1924, during his time with the 38: 5158:Recipients of the War Merit Cross (Italy) 5108:Military personnel from Buffalo, New York 4729: 3018: 2006: 879:In 1916, Donovan spent several months in 5218:Deaths from dementia in Washington, D.C. 5203:World War II spies for the United States 5168:St. Joseph's Collegiate Institute alumni 5138:Recipients of the Czechoslovak War Cross 4578: 3232: 2809: 2807: 2805: 1872: 1801: 1428: 1394: 1100: 1089: 971: 922: 911:, also known as the "Rainbow Division". 65:June 13, 1942 – October 1, 1945 4292: 4043: 2701: 644:European-African-Middle Eastern Theater 99:Himself (as Coordinator of Information) 5043:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery 4990: 4695: 4657:Reilly, Henry J.; Heer, F. J. (1936). 4636: 4548: 4441: 4413: 4214: 4128:. Office of Strategic Services Society 4115:, cia.gov; accessed February 27, 2016. 4065:"National Register Information System" 4040:, cia.gov; accessed February 27, 2016. 4019: 3955: 3943: 3931: 3919: 3894: 3882: 3854: 3842: 3830: 3818: 3806: 3778: 3766: 3754: 3742: 3730: 3718: 3706: 3694: 3682: 3670: 3658: 3646: 3634: 3622: 3610: 3595: 3583: 3571: 3559: 3547: 3532: 3520: 3508: 3496: 3484: 3472: 3457: 3362: 3328: 3313: 3301: 3289: 3277: 3265: 3253: 3238:"James Montague, Versifier, Is Dead," 3226: 3214: 3202: 3190: 3178: 3166: 3154: 3139: 3127: 3115: 3049: 3001: 2964: 2952: 2940: 2928: 2916: 2904: 2892: 2862: 2850: 2838: 2826: 2796: 2784: 2772: 2760: 2748: 2671:List of members of the American Legion 789:, to Anna Letitia "Tish" Donovan (née 184:July 11, 1941 – June 13, 1942 5153:Recipients of the Papal Lateran Cross 5098:Knights of the Order of St. Sylvester 4664: 4617: 4600: 4381: 4350: 3967: 2874:Sean Michael Flynn "The Fighting 69th 2802: 2710: 1918:, was dissolved in 1998. His home in 1916:Donovan, Leisure, Newton & Irvine 1453:, had abolished the highly effective 1218:Donovan, Leisure, Newton & Irvine 1136:for his heroic acts in the battle at 4970:United States Ambassador to Thailand 4794:: An inventory of his papers at the 4792:William J. Donovan Papers, 1913-1920 4528: 4070:National Register of Historic Places 4057: 3432: 3407: 2600:Knight Grand Cross (First Class) of 1928:National Register of Historic Places 1668:Allied landing on the French Riviera 1651:Eventually, they found their way to 1251:to succeed Franklin D. Roosevelt as 122:United States Ambassador to Thailand 19:For other people with the name, see 4770:. New York, NY: Osprey Publishing. 4458:Clark, Blake; Clark, Nicol (1946). 2188:Army of Occupation of Germany Medal 1958:, the CIA headquarters building in 1956:George Bush Center for Intelligence 1939:U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs 1868: 1776:American Committee on United Europe 1707: 1534:. Other OSS recruits included poet 1402:, with whom Donovan met frequently. 724:Bureau of Intelligence and Research 13: 5068:Commanders of the Legion of Honour 5048:Columbia College (New York) alumni 4673:. University of California Press. 4435: 3908:Counsel To The President, A Memoir 2883:William Manchester American Caesar 1946:Military Intelligence Hall of Fame 1678:. Shortly afterwards, he met with 951:for leading an assault during the 14: 5239: 5228:New York National Guard personnel 5013:20th-century American politicians 4785: 4490:A Doughboy with the Fighting 69th 4351:Floyd, Noelle (January 3, 2014). 3797:, New York: Prentice Hall, 1963. 2586:Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav 1085: 815:St. Joseph's Collegiate Institute 5123:People from Berryville, Virginia 5038:American people of Irish descent 4388:Wild Bill Donovan: The Last Hero 4234: 4215:Menand, Louis (March 14, 2011). 3995:"Chiefs of Mission for Thailand" 3031:Wild Bill Donovan: The Last Hero 2645: 2631: 2617: 2593: 2577: 2562: 2556:Czechoslovakian War Cross (1939) 2548: 2534: 2518: 2503: 2480: 2457: 2443: 2426: 2420: 2402: 2386: 2359: 2344: 2330: 2313: 2307: 2300: 2293: 2273: 2252: 2246: 2239: 2232: 2225: 2208: 2194: 2180: 2160: 2154: 2137: 2123: 2106: 2100: 2093: 2076: 2056: 2050: 2033: 2019: 1997: 1692: 1433:Donovan (left), Director of the 1179:When Stone was appointed to the 765:. He is also a recipient of the 672:Army Distinguished Service Medal 5058:Columbia Lions football players 4118: 4091:. The Japan Times. May 25, 2016 3968:Doyle, Jim (February 8, 2016). 3900: 3860: 3426: 3401: 3091: 3073: 3055: 2877: 2868: 1895:Walter Reed Army Medical Center 1877:Grave of William J. Donovan at 1485:Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor 1359:Britain's intelligence services 1266: 943:, but turned it down because a 907:, and which became part of the 5103:Lawyers from Buffalo, New York 2716: 2323:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal 2202:American Defense Service Medal 1912:International Rescue Committee 1859:International Rescue Committee 1382:British Security Co-ordination 1209:, a post Donovan turned down. 1021:, a famous and widely revered 918: 844:, where he was a classmate of 1: 5083:History of the European Union 4919:as Coordinator of Information 4698:Allen Dulles: Master of Spies 4536:. Little, Brown and Company. 4375: 1987:, and former Director of the 1816:National Security Act of 1947 1526:, daughter of the scientists 785:descent, Donovan was born in 776: 5113:New York (state) Republicans 4928:Office of Strategic Services 4798:, courtesy of EmpireADC.org. 4730:Willbanks, James H. (2011). 4355:Noelle Floyd. Archived from 3103:Military Times Hall of Valor 3085:Military Times Hall of Valor 3067:Military Times Hall of Valor 2496:Ordine della Corona d'Italia 2473:Ordine di San Silvestro Papa 2145:Mexican Border Service Medal 1914:. The law firm he founded, 1806:Donovan, during his time as 1571:Office of Strategic Services 988:in late 1918. Major General 980:decorates Brigadier General 722:(OSS), the precursor to the 720:Office of Strategic Services 571:Office of Strategic Services 53:Office of Strategic Services 7: 5173:United States Army generals 4828:20th Century Press Archives 4586:. London: William Collins. 3002:Thomas, Evan (March 2011). 2681:Special Activities Division 2610: 2410:Commander, Légion d'honneur 2118:with two oak leaf clusters 2066:Distinguished Service Medal 2041:Distinguished Service Cross 1989:Central Intelligence Agency 1944:Donovan is a member of the 1904:Arlington National Cemetery 1879:Arlington National Cemetery 1863:American Friends of Vietnam 1757:Distinguished Service Medal 1577:in his World War I rank of 1216:and formed a new law firm, 1031:Distinguished Service Cross 986:Distinguished Service Cross 984:(third from left) with the 949:Distinguished Service Cross 759:Distinguished Service Medal 755:Distinguished Service Cross 728:Central Intelligence Agency 667:Distinguished Service Cross 411:Arlington National Cemetery 10: 5244: 5053:Columbia Law School alumni 4890:Coordinator of Information 4637:Lovell, Stanley P (1964). 4467:Duffy, Francis Patrick Fr. 4454:(1992) 24 scholarly essays 4126:"William J. Donovan Award" 3873:Barnsley 2020, p. 161-165. 2367:Armed Forces Reserve Medal 2338:World War II Victory Medal 1464:in October 1941 and asked 1447:Coordinator of Information 864:in 1916 and served on the 526:1912–1917 (National Guard) 511:United States Army Reserve 218:Assistant Attorney General 172:Coordinator of Information 18: 4976: 4967: 4959: 4954: 4934: 4924: 4911: 4896: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4867: 4852: 4844: 4839: 4738:Santa Barbara, California 4665:Smith, R. Harris (1972). 4641:Of Spies & Stratagems 4601:Hogan, Martin J. (1919). 4391:. New York: Times Books. 2511:Croce al Merito di Guerra 2170:World War I Victory Medal 1738:Fabian von Schlabrendorff 1608:on the northern coast of 1483:On December 7, after the 1361:. He also had lunch with 1025:, Donovan was awarded an 736:CIA headquarters building 692: 654: 579: 552: 542: 519: 493: 483: 478: 470: 449: 426: 416: 406: 389: 365: 360: 356: 346: 336: 326: 315: 308: 298: 288: 277: 270: 258: 248: 238: 227: 216: 206: 196: 188: 177: 170: 158: 148: 138: 127: 120: 103: 93: 83: 69: 58: 50: 46: 37: 30: 5023:American anti-communists 4840:Party political offices 4420:. New York: Free Press. 4414:Waller, Douglas (2011). 2694: 2412:(France) (World War II) 2352:Army of Occupation Medal 1966:William J. Donovan Award 1893:on February 8, 1959, at 1322:played Father Duffy and 1226:mergers and acquisitions 1151:In 1924, when President 1138:Landres-et-Saint-Georges 1010:Landres-et-Saint-Georges 4946:Strategic Services Unit 4722:Troy, Thomas F (1981). 4516:The Eagle in the Mirror 4475:George H. Doran Company 4442:Alcorn, Robert (1965). 3999:Office of the Historian 3795:Of Spies and Stratagems 3523:, pp. 93–101, 107. 3435:The Eagle in the Mirror 3410:The Eagle in the Mirror 3329:Thomas, Gordon (2010). 2397:(France) (World War I) 2216:American Campaign Medal 2131:National Security Medal 1785:European Youth Campaign 1700:Washington Times-Herald 1170:Bureau of Investigation 1047:Division: 42d Division 858:New York National Guard 763:National Security Medal 745:A decorated veteran of 639:Asiatic-Pacific Theater 587:Pancho Villa Expedition 566:165th Infantry Regiment 561:165th Infantry Regiment 501:New York National Guard 457:National Security Medal 114:Strategic Services Unit 4796:Buffalo History Museum 4700:. Regnery Publishing. 4696:Srodes, James (1999). 4618:Keehn, Roy D. (1910). 4492:. White Mane Pub. Co. 4450:Chalou, George C. ed. 2495: 2472: 2007:Awards and decorations 1882: 1839:Ambassador to Thailand 1810: 1762: 1442: 1424: 1403: 1191:John Garibaldi Sargent 1110: 1098: 997: 928: 885:Rockefeller Foundation 797:and the Donovans from 370:William Joseph Donovan 5118:Organization founders 4764:Mastriano, Douglas V. 4293:Hendrickson, Raquel. 4075:National Park Service 4001:. Department of State 2354:with 'Germany' clasp 1876: 1805: 1606:invasion of Hollandia 1558:, and members of the 1520:Stephen Vincent Benét 1432: 1398: 1357:and the directors of 1341:Secretary of the Navy 1107:Department of Justice 1104: 1093: 975: 926: 846:Franklin D. Roosevelt 520:Years of service 192:Franklin D. Roosevelt 74:Franklin D. Roosevelt 4859:Governor of New York 4471:Father Duffy's Story 4444:No Banners, No Bands 4341:Waller 2011, p. 378. 3433:Fink, Jesse (2023). 3408:Fink, Jesse (2023). 3029:Anthony Cave Brown, 2724:"William J. Donovan" 2653:United States portal 1977:Dwight D. Eisenhower 1926:, was listed on the 1924:Berryville, Virginia 1835:Ambassador to France 1823:Roscoe Hillenkoetter 1676:Ernst von Weizsäcker 1672:William Wilson Quinn 1653:General Omar Bradley 1630:governments in exile 1253:Governor of New York 953:Aisne-Marne campaign 848:, and studied under 716:intelligence officer 254:Position established 202:Position established 143:Dwight D. Eisenhower 112:(as Director of the 4944:as Director of the 4878:Government offices 4383:Brown, Anthony Cave 4240:Waller 2011, p. 30. 4022:, pp. 373–375. 3946:, pp. 360–363. 3922:, pp. 350–352. 3897:, pp. 350–351. 3885:, pp. 342–349. 3845:, pp. 323–331. 3809:, pp. 304–309. 3793:Lovell, Stanley P. 3781:, pp. 315–318. 3769:, pp. 280–282. 3757:, pp. 274–280. 3745:, pp. 264–265. 3721:, pp. 250–252. 3709:, pp. 242–248. 3697:, pp. 256–257. 3661:, pp. 233–234. 3649:, pp. 220–224. 3637:, pp. 214–219. 3625:, pp. 205–214. 3613:, pp. 183–192. 3586:, pp. 178–179. 3574:, pp. 130–144. 3562:, pp. 127–128. 3389:. September 8, 2011 3244:, December 17, 1941 3004:"Spymaster General" 2584:Grand Cross of the 1780:Walter Bedell Smith 1564:Vanderbilt families 1249:1932 state election 1243:Donovan ran on the 1161:Teapot Dome scandal 842:Columbia Law School 831:Columbia University 532:1919–1941 (reserve) 435:Columbia University 342:Stephen T. Lockwood 4550:Harris, Stephen L. 4359:on January 4, 2018 3733:, p. 259–263. 2895:, pp. 18, 20. 2730:. January 29, 2016 2488:Order of the Crown 1883: 1831:John Foster Dulles 1811: 1633:Pope's knowledge. 1598:Vyacheslav Molotov 1536:Archibald MacLeish 1493:Japanese-Americans 1462:Rockefeller Center 1443: 1439:William H. Jackson 1404: 1386:William Stephenson 1367:William Motherwell 1222:stock market crash 1111: 1099: 1006:commanding officer 998: 990:Charles T. Menoher 929: 866:U.S.–Mexico border 850:Harlan Fiske Stone 819:Niagara University 535:1941–1945 (active) 529:1917–1919 (active) 506:United States Army 431:Niagara University 222:Antitrust Division 4986: 4985: 4977:Succeeded by 4955:Diplomatic posts 4950: 4935:Succeeded by 4922: 4907: 4897:Succeeded by 4868:Succeeded by 4848:Charles H. Tuttle 4777:978-1-4728-3863-6 4760:Zabecki, David T. 4751:978-1-5988-4394-1 4593:978-0-00-750374-2 4556:. Potomac Books. 4427:978-1-4165-6744-8 4398:978-0-8129-1021-6 4183:on March 24, 2010 3974:Seamus Dubhghaill 3906:Clifford, Clark, 3365:, pp. 59–63. 3316:, pp. 66–67. 3304:, pp. 54–55. 3280:, pp. 51–55. 3256:, pp. 43–44. 3217:, pp. 41–42. 3205:, pp. 39–41. 3181:, pp. 38–39. 3169:, pp. 36–38. 3118:, pp. 32–33. 2943:, pp. 22–23. 2919:, pp. 21–22. 2853:, pp. 16–17. 2813:Thomas A. Rumer, 2608: 2607: 2527:Polonia Restituta 2376: 2375: 1985:George H. W. Bush 1981:Margaret Thatcher 1960:Langley, Virginia 1891:vascular dementia 1769:Revolutionary War 1715:Robert H. Jackson 1646:David K. E. Bruce 1583:Douglas MacArthur 1544:Alfred I. du Pont 1374:Joseph P. Kennedy 1355:Winston Churchill 1315:The Fighting 69th 1292:, Mussolini, and 1257:James J. Montague 1157:Warren G. Harding 1119:Russian Civil War 982:Douglas MacArthur 966:The Fighting 69th 913:Douglas MacArthur 883:on behalf of the 787:Buffalo, New York 740:Langley, Virginia 696: 695: 624:Russian Civil War 383:Buffalo, New York 352:Thomas Penney Jr. 331:Warren G. Harding 265:John Lord O'Brian 5235: 5208:O'Donovan family 5093:Knights of Malta 4963:Edwin F. Stanton 4960:Preceded by 4941: 4926:Director of the 4916: 4912:Preceded by 4901: 4845:Preceded by 4837: 4836: 4815: 4814:on July 9, 2012. 4810:. Archived from 4781: 4755: 4719: 4692: 4672: 4654: 4645:. Pocket Books. 4644: 4633: 4614: 4597: 4575: 4545: 4534:Donovan of O.S.S 4511: 4463: 4462:. Bobbs-Merrill. 4447: 4431: 4410: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4348: 4342: 4339: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4290: 4241: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4212: 4193: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4173: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4122: 4116: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4085: 4079: 4078: 4061: 4055: 4050: 4041: 4032: 4023: 4017: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4006: 3991: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3965: 3959: 3953: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3904: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3874: 3864: 3858: 3852: 3846: 3840: 3834: 3828: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3804: 3798: 3791: 3782: 3776: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3668: 3662: 3656: 3650: 3644: 3638: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3599: 3593: 3587: 3581: 3575: 3569: 3563: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3536: 3530: 3524: 3518: 3512: 3506: 3500: 3494: 3488: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3448: 3430: 3424: 3423: 3405: 3399: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3379: 3366: 3360: 3354: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3326: 3317: 3311: 3305: 3299: 3293: 3292:, p. 44–55. 3287: 3281: 3275: 3269: 3263: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3236: 3230: 3229:, p. 42–43. 3224: 3218: 3212: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3170: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3143: 3137: 3131: 3125: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3077: 3071: 3070: 3059: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3027: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3011: 2999: 2968: 2962: 2956: 2950: 2944: 2938: 2932: 2926: 2920: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2890: 2884: 2881: 2875: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2854: 2848: 2842: 2836: 2830: 2824: 2818: 2811: 2800: 2794: 2788: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2764: 2758: 2752: 2751:, pp. 9–10. 2746: 2740: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2720: 2714: 2708: 2687:Tightrope Walker 2655: 2650: 2649: 2648: 2641: 2636: 2635: 2627: 2625:Biography portal 2622: 2621: 2620: 2597: 2581: 2566: 2552: 2538: 2522: 2507: 2484: 2461: 2447: 2430: 2424: 2406: 2395:Légion d'honneur 2390: 2383: 2382: 2371:hourglass device 2363: 2348: 2334: 2317: 2311: 2304: 2297: 2277: 2266:Arrowhead device 2256: 2250: 2243: 2236: 2229: 2212: 2198: 2184: 2164: 2158: 2141: 2127: 2110: 2104: 2097: 2080: 2070:oak leaf cluster 2060: 2054: 2037: 2023: 2016: 2015: 1899:Washington, D.C. 1869:Death and legacy 1797:Paul-Henri Spaak 1708:Nuremberg trials 1687:Claridge's Hotel 1642:Normandy landing 1489:Edward R. Murrow 1451:Henry L. Stimson 1282:Italy's military 1274:Benito Mussolini 1165:Attorney General 1027:Oak Leaf Cluster 1019:Francis P. Duffy 978:John J. Pershing 893:John J. Pershing 889:State Department 860:. This unit was 854:Bradley Goodyear 713: 634:American Theater 617:Defensive Sector 479:Military service 400:Washington, D.C. 396: 393:February 8, 1959 379: 377: 361:Personal details 349: 339: 320: 301: 282: 261: 251: 232: 209: 199: 182: 161: 154:Edwin F. Stanton 151: 132: 106: 96: 63: 51:Director of the 42: 28: 27: 5243: 5242: 5238: 5237: 5236: 5234: 5233: 5232: 4988: 4987: 4982: 4973: 4965: 4940: 4931: 4915: 4900: 4893: 4873: 4862: 4850: 4806: 4802:The OSS Society 4788: 4778: 4766:, eds. (2020). 4752: 4708: 4681: 4605:. D. Appleton. 4594: 4564: 4500: 4438: 4436:Further reading 4428: 4399: 4378: 4373: 4372: 4362: 4360: 4349: 4345: 4340: 4313: 4303: 4301: 4291: 4244: 4239: 4235: 4225: 4223: 4213: 4196: 4186: 4184: 4175: 4174: 4141: 4131: 4129: 4124: 4123: 4119: 4108: 4104: 4094: 4092: 4087: 4086: 4082: 4077:. July 9, 2010. 4063: 4062: 4058: 4051: 4044: 4033: 4026: 4018: 4014: 4004: 4002: 3993: 3992: 3988: 3978: 3976: 3966: 3962: 3954: 3950: 3942: 3938: 3930: 3926: 3918: 3914: 3905: 3901: 3893: 3889: 3881: 3877: 3865: 3861: 3853: 3849: 3841: 3837: 3829: 3825: 3817: 3813: 3805: 3801: 3792: 3785: 3777: 3773: 3765: 3761: 3753: 3749: 3741: 3737: 3729: 3725: 3717: 3713: 3705: 3701: 3693: 3689: 3681: 3677: 3669: 3665: 3657: 3653: 3645: 3641: 3633: 3629: 3621: 3617: 3609: 3602: 3594: 3590: 3582: 3578: 3570: 3566: 3558: 3554: 3546: 3539: 3531: 3527: 3519: 3515: 3507: 3503: 3495: 3491: 3483: 3479: 3471: 3464: 3456: 3452: 3445: 3431: 3427: 3420: 3406: 3402: 3392: 3390: 3381: 3380: 3369: 3361: 3357: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3327: 3320: 3312: 3308: 3300: 3296: 3288: 3284: 3276: 3272: 3264: 3260: 3252: 3248: 3237: 3233: 3225: 3221: 3213: 3209: 3201: 3197: 3189: 3185: 3177: 3173: 3165: 3161: 3153: 3146: 3138: 3134: 3126: 3122: 3114: 3110: 3097: 3096: 3092: 3079: 3078: 3074: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3048: 3044: 3028: 3019: 3009: 3007: 3000: 2971: 2963: 2959: 2951: 2947: 2939: 2935: 2927: 2923: 2915: 2911: 2903: 2899: 2891: 2887: 2882: 2878: 2873: 2869: 2861: 2857: 2849: 2845: 2837: 2833: 2825: 2821: 2812: 2803: 2795: 2791: 2783: 2779: 2771: 2767: 2759: 2755: 2747: 2743: 2733: 2731: 2728:www.justice.gov 2722: 2721: 2717: 2709: 2702: 2697: 2651: 2646: 2644: 2639:Politics portal 2637: 2630: 2623: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2436:Croix de guerre 2432: 2431: 2425: 2319: 2318: 2312: 2305: 2298: 2258: 2257: 2251: 2244: 2237: 2230: 2166: 2165: 2159: 2112: 2111: 2105: 2098: 2062: 2061: 2055: 2009: 2000: 1973:Allen W. Dulles 1968: 1935:Charles Schumer 1871: 1851:Thai government 1799:were involved. 1789:Joseph Retinger 1765: 1710: 1695: 1622:Stewart Menzies 1594:Chiang Kai-shek 1550:, psychologist 1516:Sterling Hayden 1504:front companies 1474:George Marshall 1427: 1378:Walter Lippmann 1310:Warner Brothers 1278:Italian Fascism 1269: 1195:Vice Presidency 1174:J. Edgar Hoover 1153:Calvin Coolidge 1088: 1071: 1057: 994:George E. Leach 941:Croix de Guerre 921: 779: 709: 688: 655:Military awards 650: 597:Champagne-Marne 575: 559:1st Battalion, 538: 515: 466: 450:Civilian awards 433: 417:Political party 398: 394: 381: 380:January 1, 1883 375: 373: 372: 371: 347: 337: 321: 316: 299: 293:Calvin Coolidge 283: 278: 259: 249: 243:Calvin Coolidge 233: 228: 207: 197: 183: 178: 159: 149: 133: 128: 104: 94: 78:Harry S. Truman 76: 64: 59: 33: 24: 21:William Donovan 17: 12: 11: 5: 5241: 5231: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5073:Eurofederalism 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4984: 4983: 4978: 4975: 4966: 4961: 4957: 4956: 4952: 4951: 4936: 4933: 4923: 4913: 4909: 4908: 4898: 4895: 4886: 4880: 4879: 4875: 4874: 4869: 4866: 4851: 4846: 4842: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4821: 4816: 4804: 4799: 4787: 4786:External links 4784: 4783: 4782: 4776: 4756: 4750: 4727: 4720: 4706: 4693: 4679: 4662: 4655: 4634: 4615: 4598: 4592: 4576: 4562: 4546: 4526: 4512: 4498: 4485: 4464: 4455: 4448: 4437: 4434: 4433: 4432: 4426: 4411: 4397: 4377: 4374: 4371: 4370: 4343: 4311: 4242: 4233: 4221:The New Yorker 4194: 4139: 4117: 4102: 4080: 4056: 4042: 4024: 4012: 3986: 3960: 3958:, p. 369. 3948: 3936: 3934:, p. 353. 3924: 3912: 3899: 3887: 3875: 3859: 3857:, p. 338. 3847: 3835: 3833:, p. 324. 3823: 3821:, p. 329. 3811: 3799: 3783: 3771: 3759: 3747: 3735: 3723: 3711: 3699: 3687: 3685:, p. 235. 3675: 3673:, p. 205. 3663: 3651: 3639: 3627: 3615: 3600: 3598:, p. 229. 3588: 3576: 3564: 3552: 3550:, p. 151. 3537: 3535:, p. 116. 3525: 3513: 3501: 3489: 3477: 3475:, p. 352. 3462: 3450: 3443: 3425: 3418: 3400: 3367: 3355: 3342:978-1429945769 3341: 3318: 3306: 3294: 3282: 3270: 3258: 3246: 3241:New York Times 3231: 3219: 3207: 3195: 3183: 3171: 3159: 3144: 3132: 3120: 3108: 3090: 3072: 3054: 3042: 3039:978-0812910216 3017: 2969: 2957: 2945: 2933: 2921: 2909: 2897: 2885: 2876: 2867: 2855: 2843: 2831: 2819: 2801: 2789: 2777: 2765: 2753: 2741: 2715: 2699: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2692: 2691: 2683: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2642: 2628: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2605: 2598: 2590: 2589: 2582: 2574: 2573: 2572:(Netherlands) 2567: 2559: 2558: 2553: 2545: 2544: 2539: 2531: 2530: 2523: 2515: 2514: 2508: 2500: 2499: 2485: 2477: 2476: 2462: 2454: 2453: 2448: 2440: 2439: 2433: 2419: 2418: 2417: 2414: 2413: 2407: 2399: 2398: 2391: 2379:Foreign awards 2374: 2373: 2364: 2356: 2355: 2349: 2341: 2340: 2335: 2327: 2326: 2320: 2306: 2299: 2292: 2291: 2290: 2287: 2286: 2278: 2270: 2269: 2259: 2245: 2238: 2231: 2224: 2223: 2222: 2219: 2218: 2213: 2205: 2204: 2199: 2191: 2190: 2185: 2177: 2176: 2167: 2153: 2152: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2142: 2134: 2133: 2128: 2120: 2119: 2113: 2099: 2092: 2091: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2081: 2073: 2072: 2063: 2049: 2048: 2047: 2044: 2043: 2038: 2030: 2029: 2027:Medal of Honor 2024: 2008: 2005: 1999: 1996: 1967: 1964: 1870: 1867: 1793:Robert Schuman 1764: 1761: 1753:Hermann Göring 1734:Katyn massacre 1709: 1706: 1694: 1691: 1626:British Empire 1437:, and Colonel 1426: 1423: 1363:King George VI 1268: 1265: 1261:Herbert Lehman 1199:Herbert Hoover 1134:Medal of Honor 1087: 1086:Interwar years 1084: 1075:Service: Army 1061:Service: Army 1044:Service: Army 933:165th Infantry 920: 917: 874:Eleanor Robson 811:Douglas Waller 778: 775: 751:Medal of Honor 730:(CIA), during 699:William Joseph 694: 693: 690: 689: 687: 686: 680: 675: 669: 664: 662:Medal of Honor 658: 656: 652: 651: 649: 648: 647: 646: 641: 636: 626: 621: 620: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 589: 583: 581: 577: 576: 574: 573: 568: 563: 556: 554: 550: 549: 544: 540: 539: 537: 536: 533: 530: 527: 523: 521: 517: 516: 514: 513: 508: 503: 497: 495: 494:Branch/service 491: 490: 485: 481: 480: 476: 475: 472: 468: 467: 465: 464: 459: 453: 451: 447: 446: 428: 424: 423: 418: 414: 413: 408: 404: 403: 397:(aged 76) 391: 387: 386: 369: 367: 363: 362: 358: 357: 354: 353: 350: 344: 343: 340: 334: 333: 328: 324: 323: 313: 312: 306: 305: 302: 296: 295: 290: 286: 285: 275: 274: 268: 267: 262: 256: 255: 252: 246: 245: 240: 236: 235: 225: 224: 214: 213: 210: 204: 203: 200: 194: 193: 190: 186: 185: 175: 174: 168: 167: 162: 156: 155: 152: 146: 145: 140: 136: 135: 125: 124: 118: 117: 107: 101: 100: 97: 91: 90: 85: 81: 80: 71: 67: 66: 56: 55: 48: 47: 44: 43: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5240: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4995: 4993: 4981: 4980:John Peurifoy 4972: 4971: 4964: 4958: 4953: 4949: 4948: 4947: 4939: 4938:John Magruder 4930: 4929: 4921: 4920: 4910: 4906: 4905: 4892: 4891: 4885: 4881: 4876: 4872: 4865: 4861: 4860: 4856: 4849: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4797: 4793: 4790: 4789: 4779: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4734: 4728: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4707:0-89526-314-9 4703: 4699: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4680:0-520-02023-5 4676: 4671: 4670: 4663: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4643: 4642: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4622: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4599: 4595: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4580:Hastings, Max 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4563:1-57488-651-7 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4525: 4524:9781785305108 4521: 4517: 4514:Fink, Jesse. 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4499:0-942597-34-6 4495: 4491: 4486: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4465: 4461: 4456: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4440: 4439: 4429: 4423: 4419: 4418: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4394: 4390: 4389: 4384: 4380: 4379: 4358: 4354: 4347: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4300: 4296: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4237: 4222: 4218: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4127: 4121: 4114: 4113: 4106: 4090: 4084: 4076: 4072: 4071: 4066: 4060: 4054: 4049: 4047: 4039: 4038: 4031: 4029: 4021: 4016: 4000: 3996: 3990: 3975: 3971: 3964: 3957: 3952: 3945: 3940: 3933: 3928: 3921: 3916: 3909: 3903: 3896: 3891: 3884: 3879: 3872: 3868: 3863: 3856: 3851: 3844: 3839: 3832: 3827: 3820: 3815: 3808: 3803: 3796: 3790: 3788: 3780: 3775: 3768: 3763: 3756: 3751: 3744: 3739: 3732: 3727: 3720: 3715: 3708: 3703: 3696: 3691: 3684: 3679: 3672: 3667: 3660: 3655: 3648: 3643: 3636: 3631: 3624: 3619: 3612: 3607: 3605: 3597: 3592: 3585: 3580: 3573: 3568: 3561: 3556: 3549: 3544: 3542: 3534: 3529: 3522: 3517: 3511:, p. 89. 3510: 3505: 3499:, p. 87. 3498: 3493: 3487:, p. 85. 3486: 3481: 3474: 3469: 3467: 3460:, p. 70. 3459: 3454: 3446: 3444:9781785305108 3440: 3436: 3429: 3421: 3419:9781785305108 3415: 3411: 3404: 3388: 3384: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3364: 3359: 3344: 3338: 3335:. Macmillan. 3334: 3333: 3325: 3323: 3315: 3310: 3303: 3298: 3291: 3286: 3279: 3274: 3268:, p. 54. 3267: 3262: 3255: 3250: 3243: 3242: 3235: 3228: 3223: 3216: 3211: 3204: 3199: 3193:, p. 39. 3192: 3187: 3180: 3175: 3168: 3163: 3157:, p. 38. 3156: 3151: 3149: 3142:, p. 35. 3141: 3136: 3130:, p. 34. 3129: 3124: 3117: 3112: 3104: 3100: 3094: 3086: 3082: 3076: 3068: 3064: 3058: 3052:, p. 32. 3051: 3046: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3006:. Vanity Fair 3005: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2967:, p. 26. 2966: 2961: 2955:, p. 23. 2954: 2949: 2942: 2937: 2931:, p. 22. 2930: 2925: 2918: 2913: 2907:, p. 57. 2906: 2901: 2894: 2889: 2880: 2871: 2865:, p. 18. 2864: 2859: 2852: 2847: 2841:, p. 16. 2840: 2835: 2829:, p. 15. 2828: 2823: 2816: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2799:, p. 14. 2798: 2793: 2787:, p. 13. 2786: 2781: 2775:, p. 12. 2774: 2769: 2763:, p. 11. 2762: 2757: 2750: 2745: 2729: 2725: 2719: 2712: 2707: 2705: 2700: 2689: 2688: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2643: 2640: 2634: 2629: 2626: 2615: 2603: 2599: 2596: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2580: 2576: 2575: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2561: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2547: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2533: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2521: 2517: 2516: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2502: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2479: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2456: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2434: 2429: 2423: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2401: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2389: 2385: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2372: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2358: 2357: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2343: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2329: 2328: 2324: 2321: 2316: 2310: 2303: 2296: 2289: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2276: 2272: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2260: 2255: 2249: 2242: 2235: 2228: 2221: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2207: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2193: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2179: 2178: 2175: 2174:campaign star 2171: 2168: 2163: 2157: 2150: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2136: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2122: 2121: 2117: 2114: 2109: 2103: 2096: 2089: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2067: 2064: 2059: 2053: 2046: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2018: 2017: 2014: 2013: 2004: 1998:Personal life 1995: 1993: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1963: 1961: 1957: 1954:profile. The 1953: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1908:Freedom Award 1905: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1880: 1875: 1866: 1864: 1861:, co-founded 1860: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1819: 1817: 1809: 1804: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1770: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1730: 1728: 1724: 1719: 1716: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1693:Postwar plans 1690: 1688: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1664: 1662: 1661:Valkyrie plot 1658: 1657:Pope Pius XII 1654: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1586: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1500: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1481: 1479: 1478:George Patton 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1458: 1456: 1455:Black Chamber 1452: 1448: 1441:in April 1945 1440: 1436: 1431: 1422: 1420: 1415: 1413: 1408: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1342: 1337: 1333: 1328: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1316: 1311: 1305: 1303: 1299: 1298:totalitarians 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1264: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1214:New York City 1210: 1208: 1204: 1203:anti-Catholic 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1187: 1182: 1181:Supreme Court 1177: 1175: 1171: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1149: 1147: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1108: 1103: 1097: 1092: 1083: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1023:Army chaplain 1020: 1016: 1011: 1007: 1002: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 974: 970: 968: 967: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 925: 916: 914: 910: 909:42nd Division 906: 902: 898: 897:69th Regiment 894: 890: 886: 882: 877: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 838: 836: 835:Phi Kappa Psi 832: 827: 824: 820: 816: 812: 806: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 774: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 743: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 712: 708: 704: 700: 691: 684: 681: 679: 676: 673: 670: 668: 665: 663: 660: 659: 657: 653: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 631: 630: 627: 625: 622: 618: 615: 613: 612:Meuse-Argonne 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 594: 593: 590: 588: 585: 584: 582: 578: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 558: 557: 555: 551: 548: 547:Major General 545: 541: 534: 531: 528: 525: 524: 522: 518: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 498: 496: 492: 489: 488:United States 486: 482: 477: 473: 469: 463: 462:Freedom Award 460: 458: 455: 454: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 429: 425: 422: 419: 415: 412: 409: 407:Resting place 405: 401: 392: 388: 384: 368: 364: 359: 355: 351: 345: 341: 335: 332: 329: 325: 319: 314: 311: 307: 304:Earl J. Davis 303: 297: 294: 291: 287: 281: 276: 273: 269: 266: 263: 257: 253: 247: 244: 241: 237: 231: 226: 223: 219: 215: 211: 205: 201: 195: 191: 187: 181: 176: 173: 169: 166: 165:John Peurifoy 163: 157: 153: 147: 144: 141: 137: 131: 126: 123: 119: 115: 111: 110:John Magruder 108: 102: 98: 92: 89: 88:John Magruder 86: 82: 79: 75: 72: 68: 62: 57: 54: 49: 45: 41: 36: 29: 26: 22: 4968: 4943: 4942: 4925: 4918: 4917: 4903: 4902: 4888: 4883: 4871:Robert Moses 4857:nominee for 4853: 4812:the original 4767: 4732: 4723: 4697: 4668: 4658: 4640: 4620: 4602: 4583: 4553: 4533: 4515: 4489: 4473:, New York: 4470: 4459: 4451: 4443: 4416: 4387: 4361:. Retrieved 4357:the original 4346: 4302:. Retrieved 4298: 4236: 4224:. Retrieved 4220: 4217:"Wild Thing" 4185:. Retrieved 4181:the original 4130:. Retrieved 4120: 4111: 4105: 4095:February 27, 4093:. Retrieved 4083: 4068: 4059: 4036: 4015: 4003:. Retrieved 3998: 3989: 3977:. Retrieved 3973: 3963: 3951: 3939: 3927: 3915: 3907: 3902: 3890: 3878: 3870: 3867:Thomas Urban 3862: 3850: 3838: 3826: 3814: 3802: 3794: 3774: 3762: 3750: 3738: 3726: 3714: 3702: 3690: 3678: 3666: 3654: 3642: 3630: 3618: 3591: 3579: 3567: 3555: 3528: 3516: 3504: 3492: 3480: 3453: 3434: 3428: 3409: 3403: 3393:February 16, 3391:. Retrieved 3386: 3358: 3346:. Retrieved 3331: 3309: 3297: 3285: 3273: 3261: 3249: 3239: 3234: 3222: 3210: 3198: 3186: 3174: 3162: 3135: 3123: 3111: 3102: 3093: 3084: 3075: 3066: 3057: 3045: 3030: 3010:February 11, 3008:. Retrieved 2960: 2948: 2936: 2924: 2912: 2900: 2888: 2879: 2870: 2858: 2846: 2834: 2822: 2814: 2792: 2780: 2768: 2756: 2744: 2732:. Retrieved 2727: 2718: 2713:, p. 56 2685: 2378: 2377: 2369:with bronze 2283: 2172:with silver 2116:Purple Heart 2011: 2010: 2001: 1983:, President 1975:, President 1969: 1949: 1943: 1932: 1888: 1884: 1881:(March 2020) 1855: 1847:Donald Heath 1843: 1827:Iron Curtain 1820: 1812: 1773: 1766: 1750: 1746:Katyn forest 1731: 1720: 1711: 1698: 1696: 1684: 1680:Marshal Tito 1665: 1650: 1635: 1614: 1587: 1568: 1532:Pierre Curie 1501: 1482: 1466:Allen Dulles 1459: 1444: 1416: 1409: 1405: 1371: 1352: 1336:World War II 1329: 1324:George Brent 1313: 1306: 1286:Nazi Germany 1270: 1267:World War II 1247:line in the 1242: 1230:bankruptcies 1211: 1184: 1178: 1150: 1142: 1127: 1123:J. P. Morgan 1112: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1003: 999: 964: 961:James Cagney 957:Joyce Kilmer 930: 878: 870:Pancho Villa 839: 828: 807: 780: 771:Purple Heart 744: 732:World War II 706: 702: 698: 697: 683:Purple Heart 629:World War II 580:Battles/wars 395:(1959-02-08) 348:Succeeded by 317: 279: 260:Succeeded by 229: 208:Succeeded by 179: 160:Succeeded by 129: 105:Succeeded by 60: 32:Bill Donovan 25: 5008:1959 deaths 5003:1883 births 4530:Ford, Corey 4446:. D. McKay. 4299:World War 1 4020:Waller 2011 3956:Waller 2011 3944:Waller 2011 3932:Waller 2011 3920:Waller 2011 3895:Waller 2011 3883:Waller 2011 3855:Waller 2011 3843:Waller 2011 3831:Waller 2011 3819:Waller 2011 3807:Waller 2011 3779:Waller 2011 3767:Waller 2011 3755:Waller 2011 3743:Waller 2011 3731:Waller 2011 3719:Waller 2011 3707:Waller 2011 3695:Waller 2011 3683:Waller 2011 3671:Waller 2011 3659:Waller 2011 3647:Waller 2011 3635:Waller 2011 3623:Waller 2011 3611:Waller 2011 3596:Waller 2011 3584:Waller 2011 3572:Waller 2011 3560:Waller 2011 3548:Waller 2011 3533:Waller 2011 3521:Waller 2011 3509:Waller 2011 3497:Waller 2011 3485:Waller 2011 3473:Waller 2011 3458:Waller 2011 3387:History Net 3363:Waller 2011 3314:Waller 2011 3302:Waller 2011 3290:Waller 2011 3278:Waller 2011 3266:Waller 2011 3254:Waller 2011 3227:Waller 2011 3215:Waller 2011 3203:Waller 2011 3191:Waller 2011 3179:Waller 2011 3167:Waller 2011 3155:Waller 2011 3140:Waller 2011 3128:Waller 2011 3116:Waller 2011 3050:Waller 2011 2965:Waller 2011 2953:Waller 2011 2941:Waller 2011 2929:Waller 2011 2917:Waller 2011 2905:Waller 2011 2893:Waller 2011 2863:Waller 2011 2851:Waller 2011 2839:Waller 2011 2827:Waller 2011 2797:Waller 2011 2785:Waller 2011 2773:Waller 2011 2761:Waller 2011 2749:Waller 2011 2734:December 5, 2604:(Thailand) 2467:(Vatican) ( 2084:Silver Star 2012:U.S. awards 1992:Gina Haspel 1951:Vanity Fair 1920:Chapel Hill 1787:, in which 1560:Auchincloss 1556:Walter Lord 1548:Julia Child 1540:Paul Mellon 1419:Adolf Berle 1320:Pat O'Brien 1318:, in which 1207:Philippines 1146:Saturn Club 1117:during the 1015:Evan Thomas 1001:loved it". 959:. The 1940 919:World War I 905:World War I 799:County Cork 767:Silver Star 747:World War I 678:Silver Star 602:Aisne-Marne 592:World War I 474:"Wild Bill" 338:Preceded by 300:Preceded by 250:Preceded by 198:Preceded by 150:Preceded by 95:Preceded by 5163:Spymasters 4992:Categories 4974:1953–1954 4932:1942–1945 4894:1941–1942 4884:New office 4855:Republican 4651:B0007ESKHE 4376:References 2711:Brown 1982 2661:Dick Ellis 1937:asked the 1808:ambassador 1610:New Guinea 1497:propaganda 1412:Jesse Fink 1400:Dick Ellis 1390:Dick Ellis 1344:Frank Knox 1245:Republican 1238:Jane Wyman 1096:CIA Museum 803:Skibbereen 777:Early life 761:, and the 607:St. Mihiel 484:Allegiance 421:Republican 376:1883-01-01 4542:836436423 4483:366081974 4460:Into Siam 4407:123143243 4363:March 22, 4304:March 14, 4226:March 14, 4132:March 14, 4005:March 23, 3979:March 23, 3348:March 23, 2588:(Norway) 2529:(Poland) 2490:(Italy) ( 2068:with one 1930:in 2004. 1727:Nuremberg 1723:Auschwitz 1575:U.S. Army 1552:Carl Jung 1538:, banker 1524:Eve Curie 1518:, author 1512:John Ford 1197:in 1928; 1035:Armistice 1004:Assigned 901:Civil War 862:mobilized 703:Wild Bill 427:Education 327:President 322:1922–1924 318:In office 289:President 284:1924–1925 280:In office 239:President 234:1926–1927 230:In office 189:President 180:In office 139:President 130:In office 70:President 61:In office 4742:ABC-Clio 4716:40744506 4582:(2015). 4572:63692700 4552:(2006). 4532:(1970). 4508:24846119 4469:(1919). 4385:(1982). 4187:March 8, 2611:See also 2513:(Italy) 2393:Knight, 1546:), chef 1514:, actor 1348:emissary 1234:Mae West 1186:de facto 976:General 937:shrapnel 726:and the 553:Commands 471:Nickname 220:for the 4914:Himself 4899:Himself 4830:of the 4826:in the 4630:5469453 4611:1896324 2492:Italian 2469:Italian 1910:of the 1590:Balkans 1579:colonel 1508:Vatican 1115:Siberia 1029:of the 963:movie, 823:pre-law 707:Donovan 4774: 4748: 4714: 4704: 4689:534470 4687: 4677: 4649: 4628: 4609: 4590: 4570: 4560: 4540: 4522: 4506: 4496: 4481: 4424: 4405: 4395: 3441: 3416: 3339: 3037: 1795:, and 1620:chief 1522:, and 1294:Stalin 1290:Hitler 945:Jewish 881:Berlin 795:Ulster 791:Lennon 757:, the 753:, the 402:, U.S. 385:, U.S. 84:Deputy 4110:CIA: 4035:CIA: 2695:Notes 2264:with 1922:near 1638:D-Day 1528:Marie 1384:head 1312:film 1302:Nazis 1038:law. 783:Irish 4864:1932 4772:ISBN 4746:ISBN 4712:OCLC 4702:ISBN 4685:OCLC 4675:ISBN 4647:ASIN 4626:OCLC 4607:OCLC 4588:ISBN 4568:OCLC 4558:ISBN 4538:OCLC 4520:ISBN 4504:OCLC 4494:ISBN 4479:OCLC 4422:ISBN 4403:OCLC 4393:ISBN 4365:2017 4306:2017 4228:2017 4189:2017 4134:2018 4097:2017 4007:2017 3981:2017 3439:ISBN 3414:ISBN 3395:2017 3350:2017 3337:ISBN 3035:ISBN 3012:2017 2736:2022 1742:NKVD 1602:NKVD 1562:and 1530:and 1332:USSR 1236:and 1228:and 769:and 543:Rank 390:Died 366:Born 4832:ZBW 1897:in 1763:CIA 1636:On 1618:MI6 1470:MI6 1435:OSS 1425:OSS 1296:as 1159:'s 781:Of 738:in 711:KBE 685:(3) 674:(2) 443:LLB 4994:: 4762:; 4744:. 4740:: 4736:. 4710:. 4683:. 4566:. 4502:. 4477:. 4401:. 4314:^ 4297:. 4245:^ 4219:. 4197:^ 4142:^ 4073:. 4067:. 4045:^ 4027:^ 3997:. 3972:. 3869:: 3786:^ 3603:^ 3540:^ 3465:^ 3385:. 3370:^ 3321:^ 3147:^ 3101:. 3083:. 3065:. 3033:; 3020:^ 2972:^ 2804:^ 2726:. 2703:^ 2498:) 2494:: 2475:) 2471:: 1994:. 1979:, 1791:, 1759:. 1499:. 1480:. 1304:. 1263:. 1240:. 1172:, 742:. 705:" 441:, 439:BA 4780:. 4754:. 4718:. 4691:. 4661:. 4653:. 4632:. 4613:. 4596:. 4574:. 4544:. 4510:. 4430:. 4409:. 4367:. 4308:. 4230:. 4191:. 4136:. 4099:. 4009:. 3983:. 3447:. 3422:. 3397:. 3352:. 3105:. 3087:. 3069:. 3014:. 2738:. 1109:. 701:" 445:) 437:( 378:) 374:( 116:) 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

William J. Donovan

Index