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the "prestige dialect," and he noted that those who did not speak that dialect natively but instead a stigmatized or less powerful native dialect were "diglossic" (they were fluent in their native dialects and also able to use the prestige dialect). However, those whose native dialect was the prestige dialect were rarely able to use other codes.
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Gumperz built on Hymes's work by looking at differential power between speech communities. In particular, Gumperz noted that the "standard" form of any given language (the form that is expected in formal situations, such as on the news) is the dialect of those who are already powerful. He called that
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Gumperz defines the speech community as "any human aggregate characterized by regular and frequent interaction by means of a shared body of verbal signs and set off from similar aggregates by significant differences in language usage."
89:. A Jew, he fled Nazi Germany and settled first in Italy, then the Netherlands, and finally in the United States in 1939. Originally interested in chemistry, he became fascinated by language. At the
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Gumperz was interested in how the order of situations and the culture of the interlocutors both affect how interlocutors make conversational
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and earned a Ph.D. in 1954. In 1956 Gumperz joined the faculty at the
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Libby Rainey, “Emeritus of anthropology and lover of language John
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His publications and courses given include work in the emerging field of
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and academic. Gumperz was, for most of his career, a professor at the
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Sociolinguistics analyzes variation in discourse within a particular
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There, he developed a new way of looking at sociolinguistics with
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217:"John J. Gumperz, Linguist of Cultural Interchange, Dies at 91"
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33:(January 9, 1922 – March 29, 2013) was an American
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95:The Swabian Dialect of Washtenaw County, Michigan
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347:University of California, Berkeley faculty
112:." Gumperz's own approach has been called
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57:interaction, has benefitted the study of
372:American people of German-Jewish descent
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316:by Stephen C. Levinson in Berlin, 1991.
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81:Gumperz was born Hans-Josef Gumperz in
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162:sociolinguistics research in India
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93:he wrote a dissertation entitled
309:A list of Gumperz's publications
258:. Ph.D., University of Michigan.
367:Immigrants to the United States
268:Dil, A. (ed.). (1971, p. 114).
197:Directory, Foreign Area Fellows
314:An interview with John Gumperz
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215:Fox, Margalit (2 April 2013).
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114:interactional sociolinguistics
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357:University of Michigan alumni
254:Gumperz, John Joseph (1954).
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27:American linguist (1922–2013)
110:ethnography of communication
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362:Emigrants from Nazi Germany
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387:21st-century American Jews
382:20th-century American Jews
377:Jewish American academics
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272:. Stanford: Stanford U.P.
270:Language in Social Groups
138:and interpret verbal or
39:University of California
97:under the direction of
67:linguistic anthropology
242:The Daily Californian,
91:University of Michigan
45:. His research on the
321:Discourse Strategies
31:John Joseph Gumperz
145:, which he called
71:urban anthropology
63:discourse analysis
53:in Norway, and on
47:languages of India
147:contextualization
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342:2013 deaths
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331:Categories
185:References
174:Dell Hymes
140:non-verbal
136:inferences
106:Dell Hymes
83:Hattingen
168:See also
155:kinesics
43:Berkeley
35:linguist
226:2 April
87:Germany
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201:p. 172
69:, and
143:signs
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288:ISBN
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