62:. But their initial plans were stymied when his father died shortly after their return. Young John was then lodged with a relative and was apprenticed into the printing trade around the West Riding. He moved back to Leeds in 1832 and worked on a local paper and became involved in the working class movement in Leeds, including the
148:. In short a belief that the source of employers profits is an unequal exchange with employees in which the latter is not paid the full value of their labor. The remedy then is based on creating a society of equal exchange between producers at fair value. Bray's ideas in this sense are in the tradition of
90:, where he began a family and later moved from printing into farming on a nearby farm. During the 1850s and 1860s he was active in the Democratic and working class movement locally and throughout the midwest. He wrote articles and lectured around the midwest opposing a range of social ills from
159:, who calls "Labour's Wrongs, and Labour's Remedy" "his remarkable work", Bray had called for the establishing of "equitable labour exchanges", not "as a solution of the social problem" but "only a means of smoothing over the transition from the capitalist to the communist
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Following the repression of the first wave of the
Chartist Movement in the wake of the abortive uprising attempts of 1839 and the economic depression of 1841-1842, Bray returned to the US in 1842 and became a printer in Detroit. He later moved to
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The coming age devoted to the fraternisation and advancement of mankind through religious, political and social reforms. No. 1 Spiritualism founded on a fallacy
163:". In this he was echoing Marx's own comments on Bray in his polemic against Proudhon almost word for word. Several were started in 1840 -- "in
30:, writer on socialist economics, and activist in both Britain and his native America in the 19th century. He was hailed in later life as the "
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proposals. Indeed, Bray's economics are those that have somewhat controversially (see Noel
Thompson reference) been ascribed to the
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American destiny what shall it be? Republican or
Cossack? An argument addressed to the people of the late Union North and South
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in 1837 and became its first treasurer. He delivered a number of lectures to the membership from which his first pamphlet
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and other towns", but "after absorbing vast capital, had gone bankrupt under scandalous circumstances."
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God and man a unity and all mankind a unity; a basis for a new dispensation social and religious
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The People's
Science: The Popular Political Economy of Exploitation and Crisis, 1816-1834
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No. 2 The origin of mundane and human energies unfavourable to spiritualism
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Catalogue of the papers of John
Francis Bray held at LSE Archives
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Chartists in Leeds - home of the
Northern Star and civic Chartism
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Government and society considered in relation to first principles
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A Voyage from Utopia to
Several Unknown Regions of the World
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Marx, Karl, "The
Poverty of Philosophy", New York(1963).
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26:(26 June 1809 – 1 February 1897) was a radical,
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248:Carr, H. J. (1940). "John Francis Bray".
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128:Karl Marx
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356:See also
230:, (1879)
223:, (1864)
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132:Proudhon
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