40:
591:
252:
657:
359:
610:. One was placed at the grave site, a second at a Protestant chapel in Genoa, and the last was gifted to Pembroke College, Oxford. Only one of the plaques exists today. The plaque at the grave site was stolen and then replaced with a marble version. During World War II, the Protestant chapel was destroyed and the plaque was looted. A copy was eventually placed at the site in 1963.
648:. When handing over the remains to the Smithsonian, Bell stated: "And now... my mission is ended and I deliver into your hands ... the remains of this great benefactor of the United States.” The coffin then lay in state in the Board of Regents' room, where objects from Smithson's personal collection were on display.
716:
design. Smithson was entombed on 6 March 1905. His casket, which had been held in the Regent's Room, was placed into the ground underneath the crypt. This chapel was to serve as a temporary space for
Smithson's remains until Congress approved a larger memorial. However, that never happened, and the
491:
written in 1826, Smithson left his fortune to the son of his brother – that is, his nephew, Henry James
Dickenson. Dickenson had to change his surname to Hungerford as a condition of receiving the inheritance. In the will Smithson stated that Henry James Hungerford, or Hungerford's children, would
234:
Smithson never married and had no children; therefore, when he wrote his will, he left his estate to his nephew, or his nephew's family if his nephew died before
Smithson. If his nephew were to die without heirs, however, Smithson's will stipulated that his estate be used "to found in Washington,
279:
Jacques-Louis Macie (later altered to James Louis Macie). In 1801 when he was about 36, after the death of his again-widowed mother, he changed his last name to
Smithson, the original surname of his biological father. (Baronet Hugh Smithson had changed his surname to Percy when he married Lady
349:
family of
Studley, where her brother had lived up until his death. His controversial legal step-father John Marshe Dickinson (aka Dickenson) of Dunstable died in 1771. Smithson's wealth stemmed from the splitting of his mother's estate with his half-brother, Col. Henry Louis Dickenson.
580:
The best blood of
England flows in my veins. On my father's side I am a Northumberland, on my mother's I am related to kings; but this avails me not. My name shall live in the memory of man when the titles of the Northumberlands and the Percys are extinct and
707:
On 8 December 1904 the
Italian crypt was shipped, in sixteen crates from Italy. It travelled on the same ship that the remains of Smithson travelled on. Architecture firm Hornblower & Marshall designed the mortuary chapel, which included marble
1905:
503:
I then bequeath the whole of my property, . . . to the United States of
America, to found at Washington, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an Establishment for the increase & diffusion of knowledge among
575:
The circumstances of his birth seem to have created in him a desire for posthumous fame, although he had established quite a reputation in the scientific community and lived proud of his descent. Smithson once wrote:
556:. Although Smithson's papers and collection of minerals were destroyed in a fire in 1865, his collection of 213 books remains intact at the Smithsonian. The Board of Regents acquired a portrait of Smithson dressed in
1624:"Digging Up James Smithson: Alexander Graham Bell traveled to Italy at the turn of the 20th century on an audacious mission to rescue the remains of the man whose legacy endowed the Smithsonian Institution"
692:, to smaller monuments just outside the Smithsonian Castle. Congress decided not to fund the memorial. To accommodate the fact that the Smithsonian would have to fund the memorial, they used the design of
492:
receive his inheritance, and that if his nephew did not live, and had no children to receive the fortune, it would be donated to the United States to establish an educational institution to be called the
688:
were some of the many artists and architectural firms who submitted proposals. The proposals varied in design, from elaborate monumental tombs that, if built, would have been bigger than the
1929:
239:, Italy, on 27 June 1829, aged 64. Six years later, in 1835, his nephew died without heir, setting in motion the bequest to the United States. In this way Smithson became the patron of the
602:, Italy. The United States consul in Genoa was asked to maintain the grave site, with sponsorship for its maintenance coming from the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Secretary
541:
and was reminted into $ 508,318.46. The final funds from
Smithson were received in 1864 from Marie de la Batut, Smithson's nephew's mother. This final amount totalled $ 54,165.38.
499:
Henry
Hungerford died on 5 June 1835, unmarried and leaving behind no children, and the United States was the recipient. In his will, Smithson explained the Smithsonian mission:
664:
After the arrival of Smithson's remains, the Board of Regents asked Congress to fund a memorial. Artists and architects were solicited to create proposals for the monument.
420:". Tabasheer is a substance used in traditional Indian medicine and derived from material collected inside bamboo culms. The samples that Macie analysed had been sent by
2192:
533:, former Treasury Secretary, to England as Commissioner to proceed in Chancery Court to secure the funds. In 1838 he was successful and returned, accompanied by 104,960
700:
columns and a vaulted ceiling. Instead of the tower room, a smaller room (at the time it was the janitor's closet) at the north entrance would house an Italian-style
429:
1989:
1245:
2274:
219:
in 1782, eventually graduating with a Master of Arts in 1786. As a student he participated in a geological expedition to Scotland and studied chemistry and
677:
1592:
1192:
1009:
961:
1326:
544:
On 24 February 1847 the Board of Regents, which oversaw the creation of the Smithsonian, approved the seal for the institution. The seal, based on an
1964:
2434:
1643:
1101:
1926:
2197:
606:
visited the site, contributing further money to maintain it and requested a plaque be designed for the grave site. Three plaques were created by
2429:
2143:
1813:
1745:
1506:
292:
529:; a committee was organized, and after much debate the Smithsonian Institution was established by legislation. In 1836 President Jackson sent
1537:
452:; his findings, published in 1824, successfully challenged previous beliefs that the fossils within the formations at the cave were from the
2362:
1692:
The Smithsonian Institution, a World of Discovery : An Exploration of Behind-the-Scenes Research in the Arts, Sciences, and Humanities
882:
As early as December 1800, Macie began using the name Smithson, by signing the Royal Society of London visitor register as James Smithson.
2482:
342:
and asked him to use his influence to gain release; Banks succeeded and Smithson returned to England. He never married or had children.
2209:
537:(in eleven crates) and Smithson's personal items, scientific notes, minerals, and library. The gold was transferred to the treasury in
1475:
2264:
2231:
2214:
2133:
1759:
The Stranger and the Statesman : James Smithson, John Quincy Adams, and the Making of America's Greatest Museum, The Smithsonian
565:
280:
Elizabeth Seymour, already a baroness and indirect heiress of the Percy family, one of the leading landowning families of England).
2403:
2159:
2084:
235:
under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men". He died in
1464:
Dictionary of National Biography, Vol. LIII, Pag. 173. Edited by Sidney Lee. Smith, Elder & CO, London 1898, The Macmillan CO.
1308:
Journals of the Proceedings of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution 1846–76, Reports of Committees, Statistics, Etc
2507:
2248:
2187:
2106:
2040:
2028:
1609:
564:. An additional portrait, a miniature, and the original draft of Smithson's will were acquired in 1877; they now reside in the
264:
192:
2497:
2101:
1957:
1788:
1664:
433:
and was the documented instance of his new name, James Smithson. In the paper, Smithson challenges the idea that the mineral
39:
2023:
1665:"Foreign Motivations: How a Former President and an English Scientist Gave Us the Smithsonian (review of Nina Burleigh's
427:
In 1802 he read his second paper, "A Chemical Analysis of Some Calamines," at the Royal Society. It was published in the
613:
The cemetery where Smithson rested was going to be moved in 1905, for the expansion of an adjacent quarry. In response,
215:. He adopted his father's original surname of Smithson in 1800, following his mother's death. He attended university at
2219:
2116:
2111:
696:, which suggested a remodel of the south tower room of the Smithsonian Castle to house the memorial surrounded by four
306:
in his lifestyle, travelling throughout Europe. As a student, in 1784, he participated in a geological expedition with
307:
2241:
1921:
1883:
1829:
1767:
1700:
816:
625:, traveled to Genoa to exhume the body. A steamship departed Genoa on 7 January 1904 with the remains and arrived in
2079:
1950:
896:
784:
645:
618:
569:
471:, which suggests that Smithson had a strong financial or scientific relationship with the Blackfriars glass maker.
2011:
421:
838:
2492:
2033:
1994:
1589:
468:
416:
His first paper was presented at the Royal Society on 7 July 1791, "An Account of Some Chemical Experiments on
2451:
2279:
2236:
2224:
1999:
1334:
346:
2094:
2062:
2057:
1695:. Washington, D.C.: Distributed by Smithsonian Institution Press for Smithsonian Office of Public Affairs.
1575:
2004:
1981:
156:
29:
1356:
199:. His birth date was not recorded and the exact location of his birth is unknown; it is possibly in the
2336:
2052:
1647:
1291:
The Smithsonian Institution: Documents Relative to Its Origin and History: 1835–1899, Vol. 1, 1835–1887
1228:
The Smithsonian Institution: Documents Relative to Its Origin and History: 1835–1899, Vol. 1, 1835–1887
1211:
The Smithsonian Institution: Documents Relative to Its Origin and History: 1835–1899, Vol. 1, 1835–1887
1155:
The Smithsonian Institution: Documents Relative to Its Origin and History: 1835–1899, Vol. 1, 1835–1887
713:
227:
and his ability to work in miniature, Smithson spent much of his life traveling extensively throughout
2487:
2269:
2202:
2072:
2045:
1859:
The Smithsonian Institution; an Establishment for the Increase & Diffusion of Knowledge among Men
1610:
William L. Bird, Jr. "A Suggestion Concerning James Smithson's Concept of 'Increase and Diffusion.'"
1455:
Appleton's Cyclopædia of American Biography, Vol. V, Pag. 598. D. Appleton & CO., New York, 1887.
518:
1514:
369:
Smithson's research work was eclectic. He studied subjects ranging from coffee making to the use of
2383:
2307:
2289:
2182:
2126:
685:
607:
389:
and other natural occurrences. Smithson would publish twenty-seven papers. He was nominated to the
288:
216:
119:
1545:
2312:
1973:
1673:
1623:
641:
493:
390:
267:
and Elizabeth Hungerford Keate Macie. His mother was the widow of John Macie, a wealthy man from
240:
204:
181:
144:
513:
Later in the year of his death the United States government was informed about the bequest when
2398:
2349:
2329:
2138:
665:
622:
526:
1722:
806:
2502:
2472:
2408:
1780:
The Lost World of James Smithson : Science, Revolution, and the Birth of the Smithsonian
1095:
614:
549:
1911:
2477:
2439:
2378:
2284:
2121:
2067:
1483:
256:
1868:
The Smithsonian Institution : Documents Relative to its Origin and History, 1835–1889
338:, where he was again imprisoned, now by the French. The following year, Smithson wrote to
8:
2357:
2089:
1688:
1133:
1116:
944:
669:
630:
626:
86:
640:
On 25 January a ceremony was held in Washington, D.C., and the body was escorted by the
2446:
2393:
1841:
The Smithsonian Institution, a Picture Story of its Buildings, Exhibits, and Activities
1807:
1739:
1710:
1083:
892:
808:
The Lost World of James Smithson: Science, Revolution, and the Birth of the Smithsonian
561:
434:
397:
and was made a fellow on 26 April 1787. Smithson socialised and worked with scientists
370:
272:
173:
97:
1879:
1825:
1784:
1778:
1763:
1696:
1690:
1430:
1382:
1306:
1289:
1272:
1226:
1209:
1175:
1153:
1087:
1046:
977:
917:
867:
812:
617:, then a regent of the Smithsonian, proposed that Smithson's remains be moved to the
603:
560:
student attire, painted by James Roberts, that is now on display in the crypt at the
557:
406:
323:
64:
1917:
1404:
590:
1800:
The Smithsonian Institution, 1846–1896 : The History of its First Half Century
1075:
697:
689:
553:
464:
402:
398:
339:
311:
251:
195:(born Hugh Smithson), the 1st Duke of Northumberland, he was given the French name
101:
1899:
776:
733:
572:, respectively. Additional items were acquired from Smithson's relatives in 1878.
2016:
1933:
1757:
1596:
394:
331:
224:
200:
1063:
2388:
693:
673:
534:
522:
410:
315:
1689:
Bello, Mark; William Schulz; Madeleine Jacobs; Alvin Rosenfeld (eds.) (1993).
275:, Smithson was born in secret in Paris, resulting in his birth name being the
2466:
2165:
1753:
1619:
1274:
The Smithsonian Institution, 1846–1896, The History of Its First Half Century
1194:
The Smithsonian Institution, 1846–1896, The History of Its First Half Century
1177:
The Smithsonian Institution, 1846–1896, The History of Its First Half Century
1135:
The Smithsonian Institution, 1846–1896, The History of Its First Half Century
1118:
The Smithsonian Institution, 1846–1896, The History of Its First Half Century
1048:
The Smithsonian Institution, 1846–1896, The History of Its First Half Century
1011:
The Smithsonian Institution, 1846–1896, The History of Its First Half Century
963:
The Smithsonian Institution, 1846–1896, The History of Its First Half Century
946:
The Smithsonian Institution, 1846–1896, The History of Its First Half Century
709:
484:
449:
208:
169:
191:, France, as the illegitimate child of Elizabeth Hungerford Keate Macie and
1079:
538:
530:
480:
296:
268:
165:
133:
1942:
701:
681:
656:
453:
386:
374:
362:
358:
284:
276:
177:
2343:
514:
488:
220:
327:
1732:
The Smithsonian Institution : Its Origin, Growth, and Activities
545:
483:
on 27 June 1829. He was buried in a Protestant cemetery overlooking
460:
417:
243:
in Washington, D.C., despite having never visited the United States.
1331:
Mr. Smithson Goes to Washington And the Search for a Proper Memorial
319:
1294:. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. pp. 116–117.
585:
335:
303:
161:
129:
1644:"How a Mysterious Englishman's Fortune Founded the Smithsonian"
228:
1311:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 445–446.
1061:
1214:. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. pp. 8–9.
599:
438:
382:
378:
236:
188:
82:
60:
1231:. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. p. 125.
326:. In August 1807 Smithson became a prisoner of war while in
1158:. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. p. 13.
660:
Smithson's gravestone in the Smithsonian Institution Castle
442:
1638:
430:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
299:
was a first cousin once removed, on his mother's side.
1064:"An Account of Some Chemical Experiments on Tabasheer"
552:, was manufactured by Edward Stabler and designed by
1180:. Washington, D.C.: De Vinne Press. pp. 19–21.
1138:. Washington, D.C.: De Vinne Press. pp. 13–14.
1121:. Washington, D.C.: Di Vinne Press. pp. 12–13.
949:. Washington, D.C.: De Vinne Press. pp. 10–11.
1852:. Philadelphia; New York: J.B. Lippincott Company.
1024:His mother married him in the autumn of 1768, see
629:on 20 January, where they were transferred to the
521:. This information was then passed onto President
445:. His discoveries made calamine a "true mineral".
176:, which would eventually be renamed after him as "
168:. He published numerous scientific papers for the
2464:
1876:The Smithsonian Institution, 1835–1899 (2 vols.)
459:Smithson is credited with first using the word "
1866:Rhees, William Jones (comp. & ed.) (1901).
1277:. Washington, D.C.: De Vinne Press. p. 30.
1197:. Washington, D.C.: De Vinne Press. p. 25.
1051:. Washington, D.C.: De Vinne Press. p. 11.
1014:. Washington, D.C.: De Vinne Press. p. 22.
966:. Washington, D.C.: De Vinne Press. p. 10.
467:show extensive and regular income derived from
16:British chemist and mineralogist (c. 1765–1829)
2430:John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
1431:"Smithson Artifacts Obtained from de la Batut"
1397:
586:Relocation of Smithson's remains to Washington
1958:
1590:The Philanthropy Hall of Fame, James Smithson
508:
2363:Smithsonian Contributions and Studies Series
1861:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
1246:"Smithson's Legacy and Effects Arrive in NY"
1100:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1972:
1169:
1167:
1165:
832:
830:
828:
717:remains of Smithson still lie there today.
345:In 1766, his mother had inherited from the
231:; he published some 27 papers in his life.
172:during the early 1800s as well as defining
1965:
1951:
1850:The Smithsonian : octopus on the Mall
1812:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1744:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1240:
1238:
1184:
1003:
1001:
999:
893:"James Macie Changes His Name to Smithson"
872:. New York: De Vinne Press. pp. 1, 9.
44:James Smithson by Henri-Joseph Johns, 1816
38:
1544:. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from
1513:. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from
1482:. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from
1333:. Smithsonian Institution. Archived from
885:
836:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
381:. He also studied the chemistry of human
2404:Smithsonian Philatelic Achievement Award
1914:at the Smithsonian Institution Libraries
1906:Smithson's biographical details from the
1752:
1618:
1405:"Smithson Portrait and Papers Purchased"
1375:
1320:
1318:
1162:
1147:
1145:
1108:
1040:
1038:
970:
953:
895:. Public Records Office, Great Britain.
861:
859:
825:
738:Smithsonian Institution Archives Website
655:
589:
357:
250:
2188:Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems Program
1847:
1476:"The Exhumation and Journey to America"
1467:
1349:
1235:
1218:
1062:Macie, James Louis Macie, Esq. (1791).
996:
936:
910:
474:
160:(c. 1765 – 27 June 1829) was a British
2465:
1838:
1822:The Smithsonian Institution, 1846–1896
1729:
1662:
1529:
1498:
1201:
752:
598:Smithson was buried in Sampierdarena,
291:in 1782 and graduated in 1786 with an
265:Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland
263:James Smithson was born in c. 1765 to
255:A young James Louis Macie, dressed in
1946:
1873:
1865:
1819:
1797:
1776:
1614:Vol. 24 No. 2 (April 1983): 246–255.
1576:A Chemical Analysis of some Calamines
1423:
1315:
1304:
1287:
1281:
1270:
1224:
1207:
1190:
1173:
1151:
1142:
1131:
1114:
1044:
1035:
1007:
959:
942:
865:
856:
804:
734:"Smithsonian History, James Smithson"
1990:African American History and Culture
1856:
1435:Record Unit 7000, p. Box 3, Folder 7
1264:
1125:
982:James Smithson Collection, 1796–1951
978:"Smithson Held as a Prisoner of War"
180:". He was the founding donor of the
1298:
13:
2483:Alumni of Pembroke College, Oxford
1874:Rhees, William Jones, ed. (1980).
1663:Larner, Jesse (21 December 2003).
1563:
1507:"The Search for a Proper Memorial"
1437:. Smithsonian Institution Archives
1411:. Smithsonian Institution Archives
1385:. Smithsonian Institution Archives
1252:. Smithsonian Institution Archives
1032:, volume XXII, Philadelphia, 1838.
984:. Smithsonian Institution Archives
924:. Smithsonian Institution Archives
918:"James Smithson Enrolls at Oxford"
740:. Smithsonian Institution Archives
353:
283:James was educated and eventually
259:regalia, by James Roberts, c. 1786
14:
2519:
1922:Smithsonian Institution Libraries
1893:
1820:Goode, George Brown, ed. (1980).
1798:Goode, George Brown, ed. (1897).
1730:Bolton, Henry Carrington (1896).
1535:
1504:
1473:
1409:Record Unit 7000, Box 3, Folder 7
1324:
1250:Chronology of Smithsonian History
424:, physician-naturalist in India.
897:Smithsonian Institution Archives
785:Smithsonian Institution Archives
619:Smithsonian Institution Building
570:Smithsonian Institution Archives
365:, which was named after Smithson
1542:Mr. Smithson Goes to Washington
1511:Mr. Smithson Goes to Washington
1480:Mr. Smithson Goes to Washington
1458:
1449:
1383:"Purchase of Smithson Portrait"
1055:
1018:
837:Colquhoun, Kate (31 May 2007).
318:to Scotland and especially the
308:Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Fond
2508:Smithsonian Institution people
2275:Folklife and Cultural Heritage
1918:James Smithson at LibraryThing
1878:. New York, N.Y.: Arno Press.
1824:. New York, N.Y.: Arno Press.
1667:The Stranger and the Statesman
876:
798:
726:
594:Smithson's crypt in Washington
463:"; Smithson's bank records at
322:. He was in Paris during the
1:
2452:U.S. National Tick Collection
2237:Museum Conservation Institute
2225:Biodiversity Heritage Library
1848:Hellman, Geoffrey T. (1966).
1288:Rhees, William Jones (1901).
1225:Rhees, William Jones (1901).
1208:Rhees, William Jones (1901).
1152:Rhees, William Jones (1901).
720:
246:
203:. Shortly after his birth he
184:, which also bears his name.
2498:Fellows of the Royal Society
2193:Conservation and restoration
2095:Archives of American Gardens
1646:. 8 May 2000. Archived from
1361:From Smithson to Smithsonian
1271:Goode, George Brown (1897).
1191:Goode, George Brown (1897).
1174:Goode, George Brown (1897).
1132:Goode, George Brown (1897).
1115:Goode, George Brown (1897).
1045:Goode, George Brown (1897).
1008:Goode, George Brown (1897).
960:Goode, George Brown (1897).
943:Goode, George Brown (1880).
866:Goode, George Brown (1897).
811:. AC Black. Ch. 1, note 35.
637:for the trip to Washington.
621:; in 1903, he and his wife,
517:wrote to Secretary of State
334:. He arranged a transfer to
7:
2337:Air & Space/Smithsonian
1602:
651:
287:in England. He enrolled at
10:
2524:
2029:Jazz Masterworks Orchestra
1927:Remembering James Smithson
1870:. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O.
1762:. New York, N.Y.: Morrow.
1584:Works about James Smithson
1305:Rhees, William J. (1879).
509:Legacy and the Smithsonian
223:. Highly regarded for his
2417:
2371:
2321:
2300:
2257:
2175:
2152:
1980:
1900:Smithson's story and will
1363:. Smithsonian Institution
1068:Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond
686:Hornblower & Marshall
566:National Portrait Gallery
448:He explored and examined
139:
125:
115:
107:
93:
71:
49:
37:
23:
2384:Charles Lang Freer Medal
2183:Archives of American Art
2160:National Zoological Park
1843:. New York, N.Y.: Crown.
1682:
1327:"The Italian Grave Site"
839:"A very British pioneer"
608:William Ordway Partridge
289:Pembroke College, Oxford
217:Pembroke College, Oxford
120:Pembroke College, Oxford
1974:Smithsonian Institution
1908:Royal Society of London
1902:Smithsonian Institution
1777:Ewing, Heather (2007).
1674:San Francisco Chronicle
1569:Works by James Smithson
922:Record Unit 7000, Box 5
869:Birth of James Smithson
805:Ewing, Heather (2010).
494:Smithsonian Institution
391:Royal Society of London
241:Smithsonian Institution
182:Smithsonian Institution
145:Smithsonian Institution
2399:National Design Awards
2220:Libraries and Archives
2215:Environmental Research
1612:Technology and Culture
1608:Bird Jr., William L.,
1080:10.1098/rstl.1791.0025
666:Augustus Saint-Gaudens
661:
623:Mabel Gardiner Hubbard
595:
583:
506:
366:
260:
205:naturalized to Britain
143:Founding donor of the
2493:English mineralogists
2409:Woodrow Wilson Awards
2034:Numismatic Collection
1857:Karp, Walter (1965).
1839:Gurney, Gene (1964).
659:
642:United States Cavalry
615:Alexander Graham Bell
593:
578:
550:Pierre Joseph Tiolier
501:
373:, eventually renamed
361:
254:
2440:The Wilson Quarterly
2379:James Smithson Medal
2210:Conservation Biology
2122:Encyclopedia of Life
2085:Cooper–Hewitt Design
1932:30 June 2011 at the
475:Later life and death
2358:Smithsonian Channel
2058:Arts and Industries
1783:. USA: Bloomsbury.
1650:on 26 February 2008
1595:22 May 2018 at the
781:Smithsonian History
678:Totten & Rogers
670:Louis Saint-Gaudens
627:Hoboken, New Jersey
207:where his name was
197:Jacques-Louis Macie
87:Kingdom of Sardinia
54:Jacques-Louis Macie
2447:Smithsonian Police
2394:Langley Gold Medal
1912:Smithson's Library
1802:. Washington, D.C.
1721:has generic name (
1538:"Smithson's Crypt"
1536:Stamm, Richard E.
1505:Stamm, Richard E.
1474:Stamm, Richard E.
1357:"A Man of Science"
1325:Stamm, Richard E.
1026:Dickenson v. Macie
662:
596:
562:Smithsonian Castle
525:who then informed
367:
273:illegitimate child
261:
98:Smithsonian Castle
2460:
2459:
2280:Folklife Festival
2249:Tropical Research
1790:978-1-59691-029-4
1628:American Heritage
604:Samuel P. Langley
558:Oxford University
479:Smithson died in
465:C. Hoare & Co
407:Antoine Lavoisier
324:French Revolution
225:blowpipe analysis
213:James Louis Macie
150:
149:
65:Kingdom of France
2515:
2488:English chemists
2134:Portrait Gallery
2127:Global Volcanism
2024:American History
1967:
1960:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1889:
1871:
1862:
1853:
1844:
1835:
1817:
1811:
1803:
1794:
1773:
1749:
1743:
1735:
1734:. New York, N.Y.
1726:
1720:
1716:
1714:
1706:
1678:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1635:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1322:
1313:
1312:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1242:
1233:
1232:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1171:
1160:
1159:
1149:
1140:
1139:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1099:
1091:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1042:
1033:
1028:(London, 1771),
1022:
1016:
1015:
1005:
994:
993:
991:
989:
974:
968:
967:
957:
951:
950:
940:
934:
933:
931:
929:
914:
908:
907:
905:
903:
889:
883:
880:
874:
873:
863:
854:
853:
851:
849:
834:
823:
822:
802:
796:
795:
793:
791:
777:"James Smithson"
773:
750:
749:
747:
745:
730:
690:Lincoln Memorial
554:Robert Dale Owen
403:Sir Joseph Banks
399:Joseph Priestley
340:Sir Joseph Banks
312:William Thornton
159:
102:Washington, D.C.
78:
42:
32:
21:
20:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2413:
2367:
2317:
2296:
2253:
2171:
2148:
2144:Women's History
2117:Barcode of Life
2112:Natural History
2041:American Indian
2017:Renwick Gallery
1976:
1971:
1938:Around the Mall
1934:Wayback Machine
1896:
1886:
1832:
1805:
1804:
1791:
1770:
1737:
1736:
1718:
1717:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1685:
1653:
1651:
1642:
1622:(Summer 2012).
1605:
1597:Wayback Machine
1566:
1564:Further reading
1561:
1551:
1549:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1503:
1499:
1489:
1487:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1440:
1438:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1412:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1323:
1316:
1303:
1299:
1286:
1282:
1269:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1244:
1243:
1236:
1223:
1219:
1206:
1202:
1189:
1185:
1172:
1163:
1150:
1143:
1130:
1126:
1113:
1109:
1093:
1092:
1060:
1056:
1043:
1036:
1030:The Law Library
1023:
1019:
1006:
997:
987:
985:
976:
975:
971:
958:
954:
941:
937:
927:
925:
916:
915:
911:
901:
899:
891:
890:
886:
881:
877:
864:
857:
847:
845:
835:
826:
819:
803:
799:
789:
787:
775:
774:
753:
743:
741:
732:
731:
727:
723:
654:
588:
535:gold sovereigns
511:
477:
422:Patrick Russell
395:Henry Cavendish
356:
354:Scientific work
332:Napoleonic Wars
249:
201:Pentemont Abbey
155:
116:Alma mater
89:
80:
76:
67:
58:
56:
55:
45:
33:
28:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2521:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2432:
2427:
2425:James Smithson
2421:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2389:Hodgkins Medal
2386:
2381:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2242:Migratory Bird
2234:
2232:Marine Station
2229:
2228:
2227:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1997:
1992:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1924:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1895:
1894:External links
1892:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1863:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1830:
1795:
1789:
1774:
1768:
1754:Burleigh, Nina
1750:
1727:
1719:|author4=
1701:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1660:
1636:
1620:Burleigh, Nina
1616:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1548:on 2 July 2012
1528:
1517:on 2 July 2012
1497:
1486:on 2 July 2012
1466:
1457:
1448:
1422:
1396:
1374:
1348:
1337:on 2 July 2012
1314:
1297:
1280:
1263:
1234:
1217:
1200:
1183:
1161:
1141:
1124:
1107:
1054:
1034:
1017:
995:
969:
952:
935:
909:
884:
875:
855:
824:
817:
797:
751:
724:
722:
719:
710:laurel wreaths
694:Gutzon Borglum
674:Gutzon Borglum
653:
650:
587:
584:
523:Andrew Jackson
510:
507:
476:
473:
469:Apsley Pellatt
411:Richard Kirwan
355:
352:
316:Paolo Andreani
248:
245:
153:James Smithson
148:
147:
141:
140:Known for
137:
136:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
95:
91:
90:
81:
79:(aged 64)
73:
69:
68:
59:
53:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
27:
25:James Smithson
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2520:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2435:Wilson Center
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2313:Ripley Center
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2265:Asian Pacific
2263:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2166:Uncle Beazley
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2001:
2000:Air and Space
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1887:
1885:0-405-12583-6
1881:
1877:
1872:Reprinted as
1869:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1831:0-405-12584-4
1827:
1823:
1818:Reprinted as
1815:
1809:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1775:
1771:
1769:0-06-000241-7
1765:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1712:
1704:
1702:1-56098-314-0
1698:
1694:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1661:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1461:
1452:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1384:
1378:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1319:
1310:
1309:
1301:
1293:
1292:
1284:
1276:
1275:
1267:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1230:
1229:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1204:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1146:
1137:
1136:
1128:
1120:
1119:
1111:
1103:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1013:
1012:
1004:
1002:
1000:
983:
979:
973:
965:
964:
956:
948:
947:
939:
923:
919:
913:
898:
894:
888:
879:
871:
870:
862:
860:
844:
843:The Telegraph
840:
833:
831:
829:
820:
818:9781408820759
814:
810:
809:
801:
786:
782:
778:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
739:
735:
729:
725:
718:
715:
714:neo-classical
711:
705:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
658:
649:
647:
643:
638:
636:
635: (PG-24)
634:
628:
624:
620:
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
592:
582:
577:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
505:
500:
497:
495:
490:
486:
485:Sampierdarena
482:
472:
470:
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
450:Kirkdale Cave
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
431:
425:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
364:
360:
351:
348:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
302:Smithson was
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
281:
278:
274:
270:
266:
258:
253:
244:
242:
238:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
170:Royal Society
167:
163:
158:
154:
146:
142:
138:
135:
131:
128:
126:Occupation(s)
124:
121:
118:
114:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
88:
84:
74:
70:
66:
62:
52:
48:
41:
36:
31:
22:
19:
2503:Percy family
2473:1760s births
2438:
2424:
2350:
2342:
2335:
2330:American Art
2328:
2308:Affiliations
2290:Global Sound
2198:Astrophysics
2164:
2012:American Art
1937:
1875:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1821:
1799:
1779:
1758:
1731:
1691:
1672:
1666:
1652:. Retrieved
1648:the original
1631:
1627:
1611:
1574:
1550:. Retrieved
1546:the original
1541:
1531:
1519:. Retrieved
1515:the original
1510:
1500:
1488:. Retrieved
1484:the original
1479:
1469:
1460:
1451:
1439:. Retrieved
1434:
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1408:
1399:
1387:. Retrieved
1377:
1365:. Retrieved
1360:
1351:
1339:. Retrieved
1335:the original
1330:
1307:
1300:
1290:
1283:
1273:
1266:
1254:. Retrieved
1249:
1227:
1220:
1210:
1203:
1193:
1186:
1176:
1154:
1134:
1127:
1117:
1110:
1096:cite journal
1071:
1067:
1057:
1047:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1010:
986:. Retrieved
981:
972:
962:
955:
945:
938:
926:. Retrieved
921:
912:
900:. Retrieved
887:
878:
868:
846:. Retrieved
842:
807:
800:
788:. Retrieved
780:
742:. Retrieved
737:
728:
706:
663:
639:
632:
612:
597:
579:
574:
543:
539:Philadelphia
531:Richard Rush
519:John Forsyth
512:
502:
498:
481:Genoa, Italy
478:
458:
447:
428:
426:
415:
377:, in making
368:
344:
301:
297:George Keate
282:
269:Weston, Bath
262:
233:
212:
196:
186:
166:mineralogist
152:
151:
134:mineralogist
94:Burial place
77:(1829-06-27)
75:27 June 1829
18:
2478:1829 deaths
2351:Smithsonian
2046:Heye Center
1995:African Art
1074:: 368–388.
790:28 February
744:28 February
702:sarcophagus
682:Henry Bacon
454:Great Flood
387:snake venom
375:smithsonite
363:Smithsonite
330:during the
295:. The poet
285:naturalised
277:Francophone
178:smithsonite
108:Nationality
2467:Categories
2344:STEM in 30
2005:Udvar–Hazy
721:References
698:Corinthian
581:forgotten.
515:Aaron Vail
347:Hungerford
247:Early life
221:mineralogy
209:anglicized
193:Hugh Percy
2301:Education
2102:Hirshhorn
2063:Asian Art
2053:Anacostia
1808:cite book
1740:cite book
1711:cite book
1088:186214539
631:USS
546:engraving
487:. In his
461:silicates
418:Tabasheer
2353:magazine
2285:Folkways
2258:Cultural
2176:Research
1930:Archived
1756:(2003).
1603:Articles
1593:Archived
652:Memorial
527:Congress
435:calamine
371:calamine
320:Hebrides
187:Born in
174:calamine
2203:Chandra
2090:Gardens
2073:Sackler
1982:Museums
1920:by the
1654:18 June
1579:. 1802.
1256:5 April
644:to the
633:Dolphin
336:Hamburg
328:Tönning
304:nomadic
162:chemist
130:Chemist
111:British
57:c. 1765
2372:Awards
2270:Latino
2139:Postal
2107:Latino
2080:Castle
1882:
1828:
1787:
1766:
1699:
1086:
815:
712:and a
684:, and
646:Castle
437:is an
409:, and
257:Oxford
229:Europe
2418:Other
2322:Media
2068:Freer
1936:from
1683:Books
1552:7 May
1521:7 May
1490:7 May
1441:7 May
1415:7 May
1389:7 May
1367:7 May
1341:7 May
1084:S2CID
988:6 May
928:6 May
902:6 May
848:7 May
600:Genoa
439:oxide
383:tears
379:brass
271:. An
237:Genoa
189:Paris
83:Genoa
61:Paris
1880:ISBN
1826:ISBN
1814:link
1785:ISBN
1764:ISBN
1746:link
1723:help
1697:ISBN
1656:2007
1634:(2).
1554:2012
1523:2012
1492:2012
1443:2012
1417:2012
1391:2012
1369:2012
1343:2012
1258:2018
1102:link
990:2012
930:2012
904:2012
850:2012
813:ISBN
792:2018
746:2018
568:and
504:men.
489:will
443:zinc
314:and
164:and
72:Died
50:Born
2153:Zoo
1639:CNN
1076:doi
548:by
441:of
393:by
211:to
157:FRS
30:FRS
2469::
1810:}}
1806:{{
1742:}}
1738:{{
1715::
1713:}}
1709:{{
1671:.
1669:)"
1641:,
1632:62
1630:.
1626:.
1540:.
1509:.
1478:.
1433:.
1407:.
1359:.
1329:.
1317:^
1248:.
1237:^
1164:^
1144:^
1098:}}
1094:{{
1082:.
1072:81
1070:.
1066:.
1037:^
998:^
980:.
920:.
858:^
841:.
827:^
783:.
779:.
754:^
736:.
704:.
680:,
676:,
672:,
668:,
496:.
456:.
413:.
405:,
401:,
385:,
310:,
293:MA
132:,
100:,
85:,
63:,
2443:)
2437:(
1966:e
1959:t
1952:v
1888:.
1834:.
1816:)
1793:.
1772:.
1748:)
1725:)
1705:.
1677:.
1658:.
1556:.
1525:.
1494:.
1445:.
1419:.
1393:.
1371:.
1345:.
1260:.
1104:)
1090:.
1078::
992:.
932:.
906:.
852:.
821:.
794:.
748:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_-_Google_Art_Project_cropped.jpg)