4547:
parliamentarians, with no exception, lack the support of a personal designation by the citizens"; 3) the electoral law has regulations which "exclude any ability on the part of the elector to have an influence on the election of his/her representatives"; 4) and contains conditions such that "they alter the representative relationship between electors and elected people...they coerce the electors' freedom of choice in the election of their representatives to the
Parliament...and consequently they are at odds with the democratic principle, by affecting the very freedom of vote provided for by art. 48 of the Constitution". This implies that, despite being called – and acting as – a legitimate "parliament", the legislative assembly of Italy was chosen with a vote system by which the right to vote was not exercised according to the Italian fundamental chart of citizen's rights and duties. The issue was a major one, to the extent that the Constitutional Court itself ruled that the Italian Parliament should remain in charge only to reform the electoral system and then should be dissolved.
2137:
1802:
4539:, leader of the centre-right, had repeatedly vowed to stop the "communists", while leftist parties had insisted that they would oust Berlusconi. Thus, despite the fact that the executive branch bears responsibility toward the Parliament, the governments led by Mario Monti (since 2011) and by Enrico Letta (since 2013) were called "unelected governments" because they won a vote of confidence by a Parliament coalition formed by centre-right and left-right parties that had in turn obtained parliamentary seats by taking part in the elections as competitors, rather than allies. While formally complying with law and procedures, the creation of these governments did not comply with the decision made by people through the election.
4166:
1287:
3263:
3389:
3698:
2930:
1388:
1542:
4305:
2865:
2733:
2891:
1178:
3733:
3137:
2759:
4594:
2546:
4323:
4733:
997:
3511:
3450:
7939:
4085:
2694:
3550:
3759:
3844:
3576:
3611:
2633:
3424:
2668:
2607:
2826:
400:
45:
3302:
3050:
2988:
2800:
3485:
3363:
3172:
3111:
3237:
3672:
3801:
7928:
4719:
3198:
3328:
1407:
3637:
2431:(with the requirement to obtain a minimum of 4% of the national vote to obtain representation) also altered the political landscape. Party changes were sweeping. The Christian Democratic party dissolved; the Italian People's Party and the Christian Democratic Center emerged. Other major parties, such as the Socialists, saw support plummet. A new
2572:
3076:
4108:, were in the 1980s and 1990s found to be responsible for several terrorist attacks. On the other extreme of the political spectrum, the leftist Red Brigades carried out assassinations against specific persons, but were not responsible for any blind bombings. The Red Brigades killed socialist journalist
4295:
Major political parties, beset by scandal and loss of voter confidence, underwent far-reaching changes. New political forces and new alignments of power emerged in the March 1994 national elections. This election saw a major turnover in the new parliament, with 452 out of 630 deputies and 213 out of
4435:
Between 17 May 2006 and 21 February 2007, Romano Prodi served as prime minister of Italy following the narrow victory of his The Union coalition over the House of
Freedoms led by Silvio Berlusconi in the April 2006 Italian elections. Following a government crisis, Prodi submitted his resignation on
4209:
As the
Socialist Party moved to more moderate positions, it attracted many reformists, some of whom were irritated by the failure of the communists to modernize. Increasingly, many on the left began to see the communists as old and out of fashion while Craxi and the socialists seemed to represent a
4546:
established that the
Italian electoral system employed to elect the Parliament breached a number of Constitutional requirements. Notably, the Court observed the following four facts: 1) "such a legislation deprives the elector of any margin of choice of its representatives"; 2) "all of the elected
4508:
is 70, his predecessor Silvio
Berlusconi was 75 at the time of resignation (2011), the previous head of the government Romano Prodi was 70 when he stepped down (2008), the Italian President Giorgio Napolitano is 88 and his predecessor Carlo Azeglio Ciampi was 86. In 2013, the youngest among the
2468:
This emerging bipolarity represents a major break from the fragmented, multi-party political landscape of the postwar era, although it appears to have reached a plateau since efforts via referendums to further curtail the influence of small parties were defeated in 1999, 2000 and 2009.
4244:
investigation, starting just one year after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the whole power structure faltered and seemingly indestructible parties, such as the
Christian Democrats and the Socialist Party, disbanded whereas the Communist Party changed its name to the
4214:, held barely two days after Berlinguer's death, a passing that likely drew sympathy from many voters. The election of 1984 was to be the only time the Christian Democrats did not emerge as the largest party in a nationwide election in which they participated.
6412:
Discusses political historians such as Silvio Lanaro, Aurelio Lepre, and Nicola
Tranfaglia, and studies of Fascism, the Italian Communist party, the role of the Christian Democrats in Italian society, and the development of the Italian parliamentary Republic.
3985:, a relatively left-leaning Christian Democrat, inspired the alliance between the Christian Democracy and the Italian Socialist Party. He would later try to include the Italian Communist Party as well with a deal called the "
1490:, the upper house of the bicameral Italian Parliament, has 200 members, of which 196 are elected from Italian constituencies and 4 from Italian citizens living abroad. In addition, there is a variable number (currently 6) of
4157:(centre-left) coalition concluded that the strategy of tension followed by Gladio had been supported by the United States to "stop the PCI and, to a certain degree, the PSI from reaching executive power in the country".
4008:, and remained such for the rest of its existence. Their ability to attract members was largely due to their pragmatic stance, especially their rejection of political extremism and to their growing independence from the
2451:(MSI). A trend toward two large coalitions (one on the center-left and the other on the center-right) emerged from the April 1995 regional elections. For the 1996 national elections, the center-left parties created the
1784:
Before 2021, the minimum voting age for all elections was 18 years old, aside for Senate elections, where the minimum voting age was 25 years old. Following the approval of
Constitutional Law No. 1/2021, the minimum
2426:
Italy's dramatic self-renewal transformed the political landscape between 1992 and 1997. Scandal investigations touched thousands of politicians, administrators and businessmen; the shift from a proportional to the
1465:, the lower house of the bicameral Italian Parliament, has 400 members, of which 392 are elected from Italian constituencies and 8 from Italian citizens living abroad. Members of the Chamber of Deputies are styled
1672:
has a plurality of sources of production. These are arranged in a hierarchical scale, under which the rule of a lower source cannot conflict with the rule of an upper source (hierarchy of sources). The
4292:
and the abolition of some ministries, some of which have been reintroduced with only partly modified names, such as the
Ministry of Agriculture reincarnated as the Ministry of Agricultural Resources.
5025:
4513:) is 62, the others being 70 and 78. The current average age of Italian university professors is 63, of bank directors and CEOs 67, of members of parliament 56 and of labor union representatives 59.
6159:
5636:
were characterized by the persistence and prolongation of political and social unrest that many
Western countries experienced during the late 1960s. The decade saw the multiplication of
5810:
2511:, but in the case of Sicily it was to calm down separatist movements. The other 15 regions were in practice established in 1970, even if their ideation had been a much earlier idea.
4024:, where communists had been elected to stable government positions. This practical political experience may have contributed to their taking a more pragmatic approach to politics.
4520:
took two months to form and made international news when Luigi Preiti shot at policemen near the building where they were swearing in the new government on Sunday 28 April 2013.
4364:
A series of center-left coalitions dominated Italy's political landscape between 1996 and 2001. In April 1996, national elections led to the victory of a center-left coalition,
4153:'s secret "stay-behind" networks which stocked weapons in order to facilitate an armed resistance in case of a communist coup. In 2000, a Parliament Commission report from the
1205:
Italy is a democratic Republic, founded on labour. Sovereignty belongs to the people and is exercised by the people in the forms and within the limits of the Constitution
3920:) where right-wing and left-wing parties alternated in government. Meanwhile, rising post-war tensions between right-wing and left-wing parties in Italy brought to the
3866:
party (DC) during much of the post-war period lent continuity and comparative stability to Italy's political situation, mainly dominated by the attempt of keeping the
4225:
were closed down, the last in 1990. A moratorium on the construction of new plants, originally in effect from 1987 until 1993, has since been extended indefinitely.
2790:
5650:, and an upsurge in the use of politically motivated violence and state repressive measures. The increasing militarization and the use of political violence, from
4648:
as a measure to limit the spread of the pandemic. The measures, despite being widely approved by public opinion, were also described as the largest suppression of
4042:
On 12 December 1969, a roughly decade-long period of extremist left- and right-wing political terrorism, known as The Years of Lead (as in the metal of bullets,
4081:
and who considered the bombing to have all the marks of a fascist operation. Their guess proved correct, but only after many years of difficult investigations.
5979:
5249:
1758:
was adopted in the Appeal Courts in 1988. Appeals are treated almost as new trials, and three degrees of trial are present. The third is a legitimating trial.
1397:
5032:
5927:
5860:
925:
4504:
The Monti government had the highest average age in the western world (64 years), with its youngest members being 57. The previous Italian Prime Minister
5792:
5662:, were justified by left-wing groups both as necessary means to achieve a revolutionary project and as defences against the threat of a neo-fascist coup.
2263:
1928:
5188:
4652:
in the history of the republic. With more than 100,000 confirmed victims, Italy was one of the countries with the highest total number of deaths in the
3002:
353:
4660:, which resulted in Italy being one of the most affected countries. In February 2021, these extraordinary circumstances brought to the formation of a
1458:, elected every five years. The two houses together form a perfect bicameral system, meaning they perform identical functions, but do so separately.
602:
3943:
The main event in the First Republic in the 1960s was the inclusion of the Italian Socialist Party in the government after the reducing edge of the
6998:
4261:
From 1992 to 1997, Italy faced significant challenges as voters, disenchanted with past political paralysis, massive government debt, extensive
1607:
lists the office as being, ceremonially, the fourth-highest Italian state office after the president and the heads of the legislative chambers.
1155:
Italy was the 21st most electoral democratic country in the world. A high degree of fragmentation and instability, leading to often short-lived
2944:
4847:
4372:. Prodi's government became the third-longest to stay in power before he narrowly lost a vote of confidence, by three votes, in October 1998.
7030:
1498:), either appointed by the President of the Republic or rightfully so as former Presidents of the Republic. Members of the Senate are styled
5941:
4405:, a social democrat, who had previously served as prime minister in 1992–1993 and had at the time sworn never to return to active politics.
7975:
7661:
7013:
4096:
The strategy of tension attempted to blame the left for bombings carried out by right-wing terrorists. Fascist "black terrorists", such as
2920:
1309:, officially denoted as President of the Italian Republic, represents national unity, and guarantees that Italian politics comply with the
540:
179:
6099:
6297:
1025:
4691:
which ended with FI, League and the M5S deciding to withdraw their support to the government, Prime Minister Draghi resigned. President
1681:
677:
7625:
6555:
4380:
4211:
4489:(federation of Forza Italia, National Alliance and other parties) led by Silvio Berlusconi. The Democratic Party was in alliance with
7759:
609:
5913:
7666:
4657:
3881:
The Italian Communists were in the government only in the national unity governments before 1948, in which their party's secretary
3862:
There have been frequent government turnovers since 1945, indeed there have been 66 governments in this time. The dominance of the
2136:
1416:
1557:
1252:, that is the power to make choices that involve the entire community, belongs to the people, in accordance with the concept of a
7231:
6043:
4707:, gaining an absolute majority of seats. Meloni was formally sworn in as Italy's first female prime minister on 22 October 2022.
2386:
2096:
1427:
5576:"The failed amnesty of the 'years of lead' in Italy: Continuity and transformations between (de)politicization and punitiveness"
6443:
6347:
4567:
3855:
1801:
1220:
882:
874:
842:
834:
7909:
7072:
5878:
5514:
5412:
5400:
5141:
2978:
1717:
1330:
1121:
1063:
850:
624:
7706:
6981:
6789:
6017:
4478:
4383:. Ciampi, a former prime minister and Minister of the Treasury and before entering the government also the governor of the
4289:
866:
6277:
5176:
8103:
7035:
6898:
5726:
2508:
1240:
The people who are called to temporarily administer the republic are not owners, but servants; and the governed are not
8033:
7754:
7339:
6966:
6799:
6560:
6236:
6133:
5968:
5123:
5105:
4880:
4781:
4756:
3990:
2658:
1988:
1774:
1341:
589:
579:
343:
17:
5892:
4066:
in order to lead to a more authoritative state. A bomb left in a bank killed about twenty and was initially blamed on
6986:
6961:
6804:
5558:
5461:
5363:
5315:
3893:
in 1948 in which the Christian Democracy and their allies won against the popular front of the Italian Communist and
3601:
682:
642:
515:
319:
5991:
7968:
7358:
6639:
6525:
5438:"Section III: Terrorism in the Twentieth Century – Militant Organizations in Western Europe in the 1970s and 1980s"
4766:
3784:
3662:
3125:
2778:
2597:
2348:
2058:
1789:
for the Senate of the Republic became the same as for the Chamber of Deputies (18 years old and no longer 25). The
1549:
1368:, which due to its small size only appoints one), so as to guarantee representation for localities and minorities.
484:
6185:
1112:
and secondarily in the Council of Ministers, which can introduce bills and holds the majority in both houses. The
7482:
7394:
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3813:
3723:
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1018:
963:
629:
148:
6215:
5210:
4349:
coalition) into office as prime minister. However, Berlusconi was forced to step down in December 1994 when the
2739:
2500:
8369:
8240:
8053:
7430:
7018:
6495:
6160:"Blog | Coronavirus, la sospensione delle libertà costituzionali è realtà. Ma per me ce la stiamo cavando bene"
5173:
Populism, Populists, and the Crisis of Political Parties: A Comparison of Italy, Austria, and Germany 1990-2015
4863:
4801:
4700:
4688:
4673:
4630:
4408:
National elections held on 13 May 2001 returned Berlusconi to power at the head of the five-party center-right
4332:
3718:
3657:
3596:
3540:
3409:
3377:
3353:
3348:
3287:
3227:
3222:
3157:
3035:
2915:
2850:
2785:
2723:
2718:
2653:
2463:
2168:
1833:
1762:
1487:
1349:
900:
547:
134:
8328:
8078:
7681:
7512:
7399:
6930:
6925:
4696:
4606:
4583:
4582:, that fueled support for populist and right-wing parties. In 2017, the so-called Italicum was replaced by a
4543:
4467:
4452:
4314:
4165:
3886:
3779:
3535:
3470:
3414:
3162:
3101:
3096:
2973:
2592:
2256:
2141:
1921:
1806:
1790:
1659:
1596:
1190:
1067:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
574:
360:
5057:
4182:
With the end of the lead years, the Communist Party gradually increased their votes under the leadership of
8250:
7440:
7379:
7364:
7216:
7077:
6530:
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to stay on as prime minister and he agreed to do so. On 28 February 2007, Prodi narrowly survived a senate
4246:
3292:
3251:
1611:
1536:
1089:
498:
472:
420:
273:
6345:
Diermeier, Daniel; Eraslan, Hülya; Merlo, Antonio (August 2007). "Bicameralism and government formation".
6211:
4527:
became the youngest prime minister at 39 years and his government had the youngest average age in Europe.
8343:
8295:
8165:
8160:
7961:
7784:
7502:
7348:
7130:
7040:
6940:
6826:
6794:
6479:
5647:
4805:
4761:
4456:
4425:
4331:, Prime Minister from 1994 to 1995, from 2001 to 2006 and from 2008 to 2011, and long-time leader of the
4222:
4117:
3944:
3863:
1705:
1604:
1462:
1451:
1345:
1286:
1144:
552:
450:
165:
8390:
7839:
7467:
7287:
7194:
7167:
7102:
6976:
6510:
6436:
5550:
5396:
4641:
4598:
4429:
3900:
The system had been nicknamed the "imperfect bipolarism", referring to more proper bipolarism in other
2908:
1663:
1011:
913:
687:
4998:
4971:
8300:
8125:
7869:
7635:
7558:
7522:
6540:
6505:
6500:
6380:
5351:
4417:
4387:, was elected on the first ballot by a comfortable margin over the required two-thirds of the votes.
4104:
3824:
2444:
790:
4137:, destroyed the city's railway station in 1980. This was found to be a neofascist bombing, in which
3388:
8305:
8267:
7884:
7874:
7854:
7824:
7779:
7477:
7319:
7251:
7221:
7201:
7082:
6758:
6723:
6520:
5307:
4634:
4474:
4398:, but in April 2000 he resigned following poor performance by his coalition in regional elections.
4266:
3960:
3838:
3528:
3463:
3262:
3089:
2966:
2278:
2190:
1943:
1855:
1751:
1357:
858:
657:
614:
5774:
4497:. The coalition led by Berlusconi won the election and the leader of the centre-right created the
8225:
7764:
7527:
7384:
7354:
7329:
7246:
7206:
7145:
7044:
6809:
6779:
5404:
4579:
4232:
began to be more extensive, a development that would be exposed in the early 1990s and nicknamed
4187:
4121:
3948:
3894:
3867:
3851:
3834:
2448:
1619:
1580:
1565:
1532:
1435:
1152:
1093:
890:
765:
479:
238:
8195:
8155:
8135:
8115:
8018:
7462:
7450:
7226:
7211:
6903:
6545:
4622:
4365:
4154:
4051:
3932:
3524:
3276:
3211:
3024:
2904:
2839:
2707:
2452:
1043:
737:
619:
510:
186:
5534:
5437:
5343:
8333:
8130:
7769:
7696:
7676:
7590:
7539:
7297:
7277:
7087:
6681:
6649:
6535:
6515:
6429:
5633:
5388:
5295:
5254:
4498:
4494:
4486:
4391:
4037:
2871:
2488:
1674:
1623:
1310:
1117:
1079:
413:
76:
5486:
3197:
8353:
8338:
8285:
8255:
8210:
8205:
8180:
8038:
7620:
7435:
7324:
7302:
6956:
6854:
6738:
6606:
5303:
4649:
4575:
4376:
4354:
4281:
4229:
4059:
3929:
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3327:
2879:
2329:
2039:
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1701:
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1326:
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1156:
829:
782:
752:
742:
727:
667:
662:
263:
117:
113:
63:
8323:
4284:
of 1993, voters approved substantial changes, including moving from a proportional to the
4253:
party in Italy. What was to follow was then called the transition to the Second Republic.
8:
8245:
8235:
8185:
8145:
8098:
8093:
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8003:
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5002:
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4902:
McGaw Smyth, Howard (September 1948). "Italy: From Fascism to the Republic (1943-1946)".
4401:
The succeeding center-left government, including most of the same parties, was headed by
4262:
4210:
new liberal socialism. The Communist Party surpassed the Christian Democrats only in the
4126:
4033:
3998:
3986:
3925:
3711:
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3589:
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2207:
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1198:
1172:
1075:
1055:
959:
722:
697:
692:
6044:"New Italian government formed, allying M5S and the center-left | DW | 4 September 2019"
8348:
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8048:
7984:
7879:
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7642:
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7374:
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7282:
7189:
7182:
7118:
6874:
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5339:
5079:
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4441:
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4395:
4218:
4130:("historic compromise"), to which the radical left as well as Washington were opposed.
4063:
3890:
3772:
2890:
2310:
2020:
1778:
1755:
1744:
1728:
1721:
1655:
1592:
1584:
1583:, officially the President of the Council of Ministers of the Italian Republic, is the
1569:
1443:
1439:
1377:
1322:
1306:
1294:
1281:
1125:
1113:
1109:
1047:
975:
778:
760:
747:
732:
712:
707:
702:
672:
567:
535:
528:
445:
438:
336:
228:
203:
93:
5752:
4313:, Prime Minister from 1996 to 1998 and from 2006 to 2008, and long-time leader of the
3136:
8260:
8215:
8140:
7829:
7819:
7691:
7605:
7570:
7497:
7487:
7135:
7049:
6879:
6859:
6833:
6821:
6616:
6611:
6596:
6591:
6576:
6401:
6107:
5637:
5627:
5615:
5597:
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5494:
5467:
5457:
5418:
5408:
5369:
5359:
5355:
5321:
5311:
5101:
4883:(in Italian). Governo Italiano Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri. 9 November 2015
4771:
4692:
4681:
4653:
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4459:
4409:
4384:
4342:
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4183:
3972:
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3150:
2456:
2367:
2175:
2077:
1840:
1337:
1290:
1133:
1101:
969:
935:
717:
584:
457:
382:
213:
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had support across the broad political spectrum. In January 2022, Italian President
2929:
1708:
is responsible for the organization and functioning of those services involved with
1541:
1406:
7899:
7721:
7671:
7652:
7647:
7600:
7507:
7445:
7425:
7413:
7369:
7172:
7152:
7140:
7003:
6884:
6601:
6464:
6456:
6389:
6364:
6356:
6282:
5928:"Italy Constitutional Court: parliament legitimate, electoral law unconstitutional"
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5605:
5502:
4911:
4751:
4448:
4346:
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4142:
4134:
4089:
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later declared the bombing to be an attempt to push the Italian state to declare a
4043:
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3947:(DC) had forced them to accept this alliance. In 1960, attempts to incorporate the
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3499:
3438:
2747:
2478:
1973:
1635:
1627:
1573:
1491:
1412:
1361:
1059:
649:
144:
6971:
3636:
7809:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7686:
7610:
7472:
6991:
6889:
6774:
6674:
6581:
6323:
6263:
6249:
6084:
5946:
5127:
4738:
4614:
4610:
4587:
4571:
4490:
4482:
4077:
Student Movement, which had support in those years from some students of Milan's
3875:
3686:
3186:
2682:
2585:
1736:
1393:
1387:
1265:
1148:
1085:
1001:
370:
175:
49:
5506:
4827:
4493:
while The People of Freedom forged an alliance with the Northern League and the
4221:
following a referendum in that year, a nuclear phase-out was commenced. Italy's
2864:
1572:
appoints the prime minister and, on their proposal, the ministers that form its
7942:
7889:
7859:
7804:
7711:
7585:
7532:
7492:
7162:
7157:
7008:
6908:
6864:
6816:
6764:
6718:
6686:
6644:
6621:
5712:
Leonard Weinberg, "Italian neo‐fascist terrorism: A comparative perspective."
5538:
4704:
4677:
4661:
4626:
4462:
retracted his support to the Cabinet. Consequently, the Prodi Cabinet lost the
4402:
4138:
4084:
4017:
4005:
3921:
3913:
3316:
2936:
2732:
2560:
1642:) are part of the government, but are not members of the Council of Ministers.
1599:
which holds executive power and the position is similar to those in most other
1545:
1506:
1467:
1455:
1137:
1132:, though this position is separate from all branches. The current president is
940:
920:
503:
491:
425:
283:
248:
6414:
6393:
6018:"Italy's Conte forms coalition of bitter rivals, booting far-right from power"
5730:
5610:
5575:
4676:. On 13 February 2021, Draghi was sworn in as Italy's new prime minister. The
4304:
3758:
1163:
in 1945, Italy has had 69 governments, at an average of one every 1.11 years.
8384:
7814:
7455:
7025:
6713:
6691:
6550:
6111:
5619:
5445:
4358:
4199:
4191:
4109:
4013:
4004:
The Italian Communist Party was at this point the largest communist party in
3917:
3897:(PSI) parties, the Italian Communist Party never returned in the government.
3064:
2758:
2711:
2621:
1431:
1353:
1318:
1302:
1228:
1129:
309:
193:
60:
6264:"Sergio Mattarella: At 80, Italy president re-elected on amid successor row"
6068:
5811:"Abbiamo i potenti più vecchi d'EuropaPolitici e manager sfiorano i 60 anni"
5120:
4948:
4593:
1626:, and the undersecretary to the President of the council. Deputy ministers (
1197:
forces that contributed to the defeat of Nazi and Fascist forces during the
1177:
1074:
forces that contributed to the defeat of Nazi and Fascist forces during the
7932:
7739:
7544:
7314:
6918:
6784:
6733:
6708:
5121:
Declarations recognizing the jurisdiction of the Court as compulsory: Italy
4848:
Why is it so hard to form a government in Italy?: They designed it that way
4776:
4724:
4665:
4551:
4524:
4517:
4413:
4369:
4310:
4234:
4195:
4098:
4073:. This accusation was hotly contested by left-wing circles, especially the
4009:
3994:
3830:
3028:
2571:
2552:
2484:
2438:
2224:
1889:
1669:
1651:
1447:
1365:
1194:
1160:
1105:
1071:
103:
3732:
3075:
2545:
1317:, but has got considerably less powers than those previously given to the
7834:
7774:
7744:
7097:
6728:
6360:
5589:
4669:
4505:
4322:
4240:
4203:
4174:
4092:, the deadliest attack ever perpetrated in Italy during the Years of Lead
3956:
3215:
2843:
1958:
1793:
was the first one in which both chambers had identical electoral bodies.
1269:
1249:
1245:
1233:
155:
124:
83:
6369:
5846:
4732:
3510:
3449:
2459:. These coalitions continued into the 2001 and 2007 national elections.
1313:. In these duties he or she serves as a point of connection between the
996:
7092:
6701:
5655:
4477:(founded in October 2007 by the union of the Democrats of the Left and
4078:
3564:
3556:
2693:
2503:) have special charters granting them varying degrees of autonomy. The
2432:
1786:
1595:
to stay in office. The Prime Minister of Italy is the president of the
6324:"Who is Giorgia Meloni? The rise to power of Italy's new far-right PM"
6186:"Un uomo solo è al comando dell'Italia, e nessuno ha niente da ridire"
5344:"Part II: The Terrorists – Terror from Below: Terrorism by Dissidents"
4923:
3843:
3575:
7953:
5829:"senato.it – Distribuzione dei Senatori per fasce di età e per sesso"
5546:
5453:
4421:
4350:
4113:
4067:
4016:). The Italian Communist Party was especially strong in regions like
3982:
3549:
2814:
2632:
1732:
1697:
1253:
1241:
326:
5675:
Moscow and the Italian Communist Party: From Togliatti to Berlinguer
5211:"Introduzione storica allo Statuto speciale della Regione siciliana"
2825:
1761:
In November 2014, Italy accepted the compulsory jurisdiction of the
7749:
7734:
7729:
7630:
6664:
6659:
5651:
5644:
4915:
4867:
4555:
4285:
4206:
missiles in Italy, a move many communists strongly disapproved of.
3871:
3739:
3617:
3610:
3430:
3423:
2674:
2667:
2613:
2606:
2492:
2428:
1120:
of the executive and the legislative branches. It is headed by the
66:
5491:
The Italian General Election of 2018: Italy in Uncharted Territory
5471:
5422:
5373:
5325:
3301:
3049:
2987:
399:
44:
6696:
6421:
4951:. The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic.
4021:
3909:
3800:
3484:
3362:
3308:
3171:
3110:
3056:
2994:
2799:
1740:
1709:
1685:
1500:
6378:
Pasquino, Gianfranco (July 2009). "Political history in Italy".
5861:"A Berlusconi Reminder as Italy Faces Another Unelected Premier"
4597:
Exhausted nurse takes a break in an Italian hospital during the
4574:. The centre-left cabinets were plagued by the aftermath of the
3959:
far-right party and the only surviving political remnant of the
3671:
3236:
7389:
5593:
5449:
4353:
withdrew support. The Berlusconi government was succeeded by a
4146:
4074:
3938:
3905:
3678:
3491:
3369:
3178:
3117:
2806:
2496:
1777:. An overview on elections and election results is included in
6278:"Italy heads to early election after Draghi's coalition fails"
6237:
L'Italia pagherà il conto più salato della crisi post-epidemia
5393:
Terror Vanquished: The Italian Approach to Defeating Terrorism
5300:
The Revolutionary Mystique and Terrorism in Contemporary Italy
4684:
was re-elected to serve a second consecutive seven-year term.
4535:
At different times since his entering the Italian Parliament,
4436:
21 February 2007. Three days later, he was asked by President
4112:
and in their most famous operation kidnapped and assassinated
3795:
1591:. The Prime Minister of Italy must have the confidence of the
6669:
6452:
5893:"Italy's top court rules electoral law breaches constitution"
5535:"From Fascism to "Post-Fascists": Italian Roads to Modernity"
4194:, became more and more critical of the communists and of the
4169:
4055:
3975:
was eventually replaced by the Christian Democrat politician
3805:
3243:
1713:
1700:
is a branch that is completely autonomous and independent of
1689:
1588:
1561:
1224:
1051:
6100:"From confidence to quarantine: how coronavirus swept Italy"
5969:
Rosatellum, come funziona la legge elettorale e cosa prevede
1712:
and has the power to originate disciplinary actions against
1364:. Three representatives come from each region (save for the
1344:). It comprises both chambers of the Italian Parliament—the
1268:, but in the forms and within the limits established by the
7177:
6654:
5980:
Rosatellum 2.0, tutti i rischi del nuovo Patto del Nazareno
5914:"Giudizio di leggitimità costituzionale in via incidentale"
5879:"Italy has 4th Government in 3 Years; the Last 3 Unelected"
5259:
5080:"Guide to Law Online: Italy | Law Library of Congress"
4637:
and other smaller left-wing parties to form a new cabinet.
4150:
3968:
1520:
1480:
930:
5282:
Italy: A Difficult Democracy: A Survey of Italian Politics
5235:(24 February – 2 March 2007 Issue) Volume 382, Number 8517
3989:". However, this attempt at compromise was stopped by the
1159:, is characteristic of Italian politics. Since the end of
6298:"Italy's far-right Meloni begins tricky government talks"
5908:
5906:
5543:
Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany: Comparisons and Contrasts
4558:
was approved in 2015 and came into force on 1 July 2016.
1693:
2455:
coalition while the center-right united again under the
1096:, officially referred to as "President of the Council" (
5903:
5785:
5250:"Subculture politiche territoriali e capitale sociale"
4412:
coalition, comprising the Prime Minister's own party,
1333:. A president's term of office lasts for seven years.
6344:
6250:"Mario Draghi sworn in as Italy's new prime minister"
5478:
5098:
Italy Country: Strategic Information and Developments
4664:
led by former president of the European Central Bank
4249:
and took the role of the Socialist Party as the main
1805:
Composition of the Chamber of Deputies following the
1356:, combined with 58 special electors appointed by the
1193:, which was formed by the representatives of all the
6212:"Italy mourns its 100,000 dead as third wave builds"
5942:"Fear of migrants feeds growth of Italy's far right"
5775:"Ung ilska mot Italiens politiska dinosaurier – SvD"
5688:
The Politics of Left-Wing Violence in Italy, 1969-85
5160:
Political Parties and Coalitional Behaviour in Italy
4714:
4277:, demanded political, economic and ethical reforms.
1264:(power). However, this power is not to be exercised
6936:
Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
6134:"Sondaggio Demos: gradimento per Conte alle stelle"
5574:Rossi, Federica (April 2021). Treiber, Kyle (ed.).
5026:"Interoffice memorandum: Change of name of country"
4695:consequently dissolved the Parliament and called a
4133:The last and largest of the bombings, known as the
2507:of these charters is in most cases the presence of
1688:is administered in the name of the people and that
1219:, the article solemnly declares the results of the
5332:
4644:. From March to May, Conte's government imposed a
3971:in the summer of the same year; as a consequence,
1768:
5916:. Corte Costituzionale della Repubblica Italiana.
5243:
5241:
4172:'s Palace of Justice, where the investigation of
4145:(DC) revealed to the Parliament the existence of
4141:was involved. On 24 October 1990, Prime Minister
2443:, gained wide support among moderate voters. The
1618:. It comprises the President of the council (the
8382:
5793:"Il Parlamento italiano? Maschio e di mezza età"
5523:
5489:. In Newell, James L.; Ceccarini, Luigi (eds.).
4674:withdraw its support to the second Conte cabinet
4256:
1434:, the people exercise their power through their
1201:. Article 1 of the Italian constitution states:
5484:
5296:"The Two Faces of Italian Terrorism: 1969–1974"
5189:"LA TUTELA NELLE REGIONI AD AUTONOMIA SPECIALE"
5139:
4825:
4269:'s considerable influence, collectively called
6098:Beaumont, Peter; Sample, Ian (10 March 2020).
6097:
5238:
4530:
4473:The election set against two new parties, the
2509:significant linguistic and cultural minorities
7969:
6437:
6085:"Italy extends emergency measures nationwide"
5753:"Italian Prime Minister survives senate vote"
5727:"Italy - National Energy Policy and Overview"
5389:"Post-War Italian Politics: Stasis and Chaos"
5142:"Senato: elettorato attivo (anche) ai 18enni"
4088:Funerals of the victims of the 2 August 1980
2436:
2205:
1870:
1564:as composed of the president of the council (
1019:
5701:Red Brigades: The Story of Italian Terrorism
5399:: Center for Security Policy Studies at the
5338:
5031:. United Nations Secretariat. Archived from
4999:"onorevole [o-no-ré-vo-le] agg., s."
4972:"onorevole [o-no-ré-vo-le] agg., s."
4554:proposed a new electoral law. The so-called
4466:and the President Giorgio Napolitano called
4341:The 1994 elections also swept media magnate
3939:Entrance of the Socialists to the government
3818:
5803:
5485:Newell, James L.; Ceccarini, Luigi (2019).
4901:
4819:
3963:that was disbanded in the aftermath of the
3796:History of the post-war political landscape
2253:
2165:
1918:
1830:
1082:, which was promulgated on 1 January 1948.
1070:, formed by the representatives of all the
7976:
7962:
6444:
6430:
5567:
5287:
5258:. L'Italia e le sue Regioni (in Italian).
4943:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4613:that resulted in the birth of an unlikely
3858:. He was Prime Minister from 1945 to 1953.
1026:
1012:
6368:
5881:. Mish's Global Economic Trend Analsysis.
5609:
5429:
5280:Frederic Spotts and Theodor Wieser, eds.
5247:
4296:315 senators elected for the first time.
2131:
610:National Council for Economics and Labour
6377:
6304:. Agence France-Press. 27 September 2022
5487:"Introduction: The Paradoxical Election"
4631:the League withdrew its support to Conte
4592:
4164:
4083:
3870:(PCI) out of power in order to maintain
3842:
3799:
2140:Composition of the Senate following the
2135:
1800:
1614:is the principal executive organ of the
1540:
1336:The President of Italy is elected by an
1285:
1176:
5348:Terrorism: An International Perspective
4930:
4640:In 2020, Italy was severely hit by the
4570:in December 2016, and was succeeded by
4288:system which is largely dominated by a
2472:
2387:Associative Movement of Italians Abroad
2097:Associative Movement of Italians Abroad
14:
8383:
7983:
6348:Quarterly Journal of Political Science
6131:
5767:
5444:. Routledge Histories (1st ed.).
4961:Article 60 of the Italian Constitution
4864:Explaining Italy's Fragmented Politics
3856:Founding fathers of the European Union
1796:
1210:Article 1 of the Constitution of Italy
7957:
6425:
5573:
5401:Schar School of Policy and Government
5386:
5293:
5006:. Dizionario di Italiano (in Italian)
4979:. Dizionario di Italiano (in Italian)
4516:The new Italian government headed by
4375:In May 1999, the Parliament selected
2154:
2151:
1819:
1816:
1716:, which are then administered by the
1371:
1340:of about 1,000 members (1,009 in the
1223:which took place on 1 June 1946. The
6982:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
5529:
5435:
4542:Meanwhile, in 2013, a ruling by the
2421:
1398:President of the Chamber of Deputies
1227:is not a hereditary property of the
1136:, and the current prime minister is
180:President of the Chamber of Deputies
6388:(3). Now Publishing Inc.: 282–297.
6355:(3). Now Publishing Inc.: 227–252.
5992:"Opinion – The Populists Take Rome"
4633:, who subsequently allied with the
4390:A new government was formed by the
4361:, which left office in early 1996.
4198:; Craxi himself pushed in favor of
3885:was minister of Justice. After the
1526:
24:
6451:
6338:
6132:De Feo, Gianluca (20 March 2020).
5847:"Monti names unelected government"
5442:The Routledge History of Terrorism
4757:List of political parties in Italy
3991:kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro
3804:Campaigners working on posters in
1775:List of political parties in Italy
1645:
25:
8402:
5641:extra-parliamentary organizations
5130:, International Court of Justice.
1773:For other political parties, see
1189:is the result of the work of the
1151:" in 2019. According to the 2023
7938:
7937:
7926:
5714:Terrorism and Political Violence
4767:List of prime ministers of Italy
4731:
4717:
4321:
4303:
4120:, who was trying to involve the
4027:
3999:left-wing terrorist organization
3967:(1943–1945), led to short-lived
3757:
3731:
3696:
3670:
3635:
3609:
3574:
3548:
3509:
3483:
3448:
3422:
3387:
3361:
3326:
3300:
3261:
3235:
3196:
3170:
3135:
3109:
3074:
3048:
2986:
2928:
2889:
2863:
2824:
2798:
2757:
2731:
2692:
2666:
2631:
2605:
2570:
2544:
1405:
1386:
1321:. The President of Italy is the
1315:three branches of the government
1275:
995:
398:
43:
7667:Orders, decorations, and medals
6316:
6290:
6270:
6256:
6242:
6230:
6204:
6178:
6152:
6125:
6091:
6077:
6062:
6036:
6010:
5984:
5973:
5962:
5934:
5920:
5885:
5871:
5853:
5839:
5821:
5745:
5719:
5706:
5693:
5680:
5667:
5602:European Society of Criminology
5581:European Journal of Criminology
5380:
5274:
5225:
5203:
5181:
5165:
5152:
5140:Laura Biariella (8 July 2021).
5133:
5114:
5090:
5072:
5050:
5018:
4991:
4904:The Western Political Quarterly
4509:candidates for prime minister (
3874:equilibrium in the region (see
3814:History of the Italian Republic
2383:
2364:
2275:
2260:
2221:
2202:
2187:
2172:
2093:
2074:
1985:
1970:
1940:
1925:
1886:
1867:
1852:
1837:
1769:Political parties and elections
5213:(in Italian). 18 December 2020
4964:
4955:
4895:
4873:
4857:
4841:
4794:
4782:Post–World War II anti-fascism
4566:Renzi resigned after losing a
4124:in the government through the
3924:and proliferation of numerous
2464:Italian general election, 2006
1763:International Court of Justice
1743:. It is based on a mix of the
1560:establishes the Government of
1124:, a body presided over by the
13:
1:
6252:. BBC News. 13 February 2021.
5171:Günther Pallaver et al. eds.
4881:"I Governi nelle Legislature"
4787:
4687:On 21 July 2022, following a
4662:national coalition government
4656:. The pandemic caused also a
4561:
4544:Constitutional Court of Italy
4290:majoritarian electoral system
4257:Second Republic: 1994–present
2349:South Tyrolean People's Party
2059:South Tyrolean People's Party
1791:2022 Italian general election
1718:High Council of the Judiciary
1660:Constitutional Court of Italy
1331:High Council of the Judiciary
1181:The political system of Italy
1166:
1122:High Council of the Judiciary
625:High Council of the Judiciary
6266:. BBC News. 29 January 2022.
5755:. BBC News. 28 February 2007
5440:. In Law, Randall D. (ed.).
4394:leader and former communist
4247:Democratic Party of the Left
4217:In 1987, one year after the
3979:as Prime Minister of Italy.
2740:Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
2501:Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
2447:broke from the neo-fascist
1955:
1537:Council of Ministers (Italy)
7:
7707:Water supply and sanitation
7131:Italian geographical region
6999:Monarchy and the World Wars
6941:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
6827:War of the Sicilian Vespers
6480:Timeline of Italian history
6192:(in Italian). 24 March 2020
6166:(in Italian). 18 March 2020
5654:and damage to property, to
5507:10.1007/978-3-030-13617-8_1
4806:Economist Intelligence Unit
4762:List of presidents of Italy
4710:
4531:Grand coalition governments
4426:Christian Democratic Centre
1702:all other branches of power
1605:Italian order of precedence
1215:By stating that Italy is a
1145:Economist Intelligence Unit
1104:is vested primarily in the
603:Constitutional institutions
10:
8407:
7626:Inventions and discoveries
7036:Fall of the Fascist regime
7019:Fourth War of Independence
6977:Expedition of the Thousand
6967:Second War of Independence
5551:Cambridge University Press
5407:). pp. 30–42, 48–59.
5397:Arlington County, Virginia
5342:; Prager, Fynnwin (2019).
4949:"The Italian Constitution"
4658:severe economic disruption
4550:The new government led by
4430:United Christian Democrats
4368:, under the leadership of
4212:European elections of 1984
4031:
3887:first democratic elections
3828:
3822:
3811:
2476:
2461:
2223:
2204:
2189:
2174:
2142:25 September 2022 election
1888:
1869:
1854:
1839:
1807:25 September 2022 election
1772:
1664:Court of Cassation (Italy)
1649:
1530:
1375:
1279:
1170:
590:Code of Criminal Procedure
580:Supreme Court of Cassation
344:Supreme Court of Cassation
8362:
8314:
8276:
7991:
7922:
7720:
7566:
7557:
7421:
7412:
7400:Security and intelligence
7273:
7264:
7126:
7117:
7060:
6987:Third War of Independence
6962:First War of Independence
6949:
6842:
6751:
6632:
6569:
6488:
6472:
6463:
6394:10.1017/S0898030609090137
6381:Journal of Policy History
5611:10.1177/14773708211008441
5352:Thousand Oaks, California
5248:Almagisti, Marco (2015).
4629:. After fourteen months,
4568:constitutional referendum
4381:President of the Republic
4357:headed by Prime Minister
4273:after being uncovered by
4223:four nuclear power plants
3825:Aftermath of World War II
3819:First Republic: 1946–1994
2534:
2531:
2437:
2402:
2385:
2366:
2347:
2328:
2309:
2290:
2255:
2236:
2206:
2167:
2112:
2095:
2076:
2057:
2038:
2019:
2000:
1920:
1901:
1871:
1832:
1237:, belonging to everyone.
1221:constitutional referendum
1078:, was elected to draft a
366:
359:
349:
342:
332:
325:
315:
305:
297:
289:
279:
269:
262:
254:
244:
234:
227:
219:
209:
199:
192:
185:
171:
161:
154:
140:
130:
123:
109:
99:
89:
82:
72:
56:
42:
37:Sistema politico italiano
31:
7078:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus
7073:Institutional referendum
5308:Indiana University Press
4826:V-Dem Institute (2023).
4699:, which resulted in the
4617:between the anti-system
4590:system to assign seats.
4447:On 24 January 2008, the
4160:
3961:Republican Fascist Party
3935:throughout the country.
2279:Greens and Left Alliance
1944:Greens and Left Alliance
1692:are subject only to the
1634:) and junior ministers (
1098:Presidente del Consiglio
1058:since 2 June 1946, when
1042:are conducted through a
7601:Emigration and diaspora
6810:Guelphs and Ghibellines
6795:the Sardinian Judicates
6216:Raidió Teilifís Éireann
5660:targeted assassinations
5405:George Mason University
5294:Drake, Richard (2021).
5058:"GERARCHIA DELLE FONTI"
4580:European migrant crisis
4188:Italian Socialist Party
3949:Italian Social Movement
3933:terrorist organizations
3868:Italian Communist Party
3852:Prime Minister of Italy
3850:, the first republican
3835:Origins of the Cold War
2771:(rotational presidency)
2449:Italian Social Movement
1720:, presided over by the
1620:Prime Minister of Italy
1581:Prime Minister of Italy
1566:Prime Minister of Italy
1533:Prime Minister of Italy
1436:elected representatives
1430:, which guarantees the
1426:With article 48 of the
1417:President of the Senate
1153:V-Dem Democracy indices
630:High Council of Defence
149:President of the Senate
8034:Bosnia and Herzegovina
7483:Science and technology
7431:Italian regions by GDP
7232:Marine protected areas
6904:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
6073:Minsitero della Salute
4802:"Democracy Index 2019"
4701:centre-right coalition
4609:produced once again a
4602:
4523:Former Prime Minister
4468:a new general election
4333:centre-right coalition
4179:
4093:
4052:Piazza Fontana bombing
4047:
3859:
3809:
2169:Centre-right coalition
2144:
2132:Senate of the Republic
1834:Centre-right coalition
1809:
1754:systems, although the
1639:
1631:
1553:
1488:Senate of the Republic
1450:, and consists of the
1350:Senate of the Republic
1298:
1231:, but it is instead a
1213:
1182:
1092:, which is led by the
1044:parliamentary republic
548:Senate of the Republic
7682:Public administration
6790:the Holy Roman Empire
5699:Robert C. Meade Jr..
5387:Clark, Simon (2018).
5255:Enciclopedia Treccani
4650:constitutional rights
4607:2018 general election
4596:
4499:Berlusconi IV Cabinet
4495:Movement for Autonomy
4487:The People of Freedom
4392:Democrats of the Left
4315:centre-left coalition
4168:
4105:Avanguardia Nazionale
4087:
4038:Years of Lead (Italy)
3846:
3829:Further information:
3803:
2872:Friuli-Venezia Giulia
2489:Friuli-Venezia Giulia
2257:Centre-left coalition
2139:
1922:Centre-left coalition
1804:
1650:Further information:
1601:parliamentary systems
1568:) and ministers. The
1552:since 22 October 2022
1544:
1531:Further information:
1419:since 13 October 2022
1400:since 14 October 2022
1376:Further information:
1297:since 3 February 2015
1289:
1280:Further information:
1203:
1180:
1157:coalition governments
683:Friuli-Venezia Giulia
77:Constitution of Italy
7910:World Heritage Sites
7365:Council of Ministers
7103:Coronavirus pandemic
6501:Currency and coinage
6361:10.1561/100.00005004
5716:7.1 (1995): 221-238.
5643:, the presence of a
5553:. pp. 188–190.
5456:. pp. 297–314.
5436:Balz, Hanno (2015).
5358:. pp. 189–193.
5304:Bloomington, Indiana
5126:16 June 2018 at the
4621:(M5S) and Salvini's
4576:European debt crisis
4377:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
4355:technical government
4060:Vincenzo Vinciguerra
3864:Christian Democratic
3839:Cold War (1947–1953)
2880:Massimiliano Fedriga
2473:Regional governments
2330:Action - Italia Viva
2264:Democratic Party-IDP
2040:Action - Italia Viva
1929:Democratic Party-IDP
1677:is the main source.
1675:Constitution of 1948
1612:Council of Ministers
1597:Council of Ministers
1477:Palazzo Montecitorio
1327:Italian Armed Forces
1191:Constituent Assembly
1187:Italian constitution
1090:Council of Ministers
1088:is exercised by the
1068:constituent assembly
981:(government journal)
678:Trentino-South Tyrol
643:Constituent entities
575:Constitutional Court
499:Council of Ministers
361:Constitutional Court
274:Council of Ministers
118:Palazzo Montecitorio
8277:States with limited
7985:Politics of Europe
7441:Automotive industry
7380:Metropolitan cities
6926:Early Modern period
6899:Kingdom of Sardinia
6850:Italian city-states
6164:Il Fatto Quotidiano
5799:. 7 September 2011.
5781:. 28 February 2012.
5733:on 6 September 2005
5003:Corriere della Sera
4976:Corriere della Sera
4828:"The V-Dem Dataset"
4646:national quarantine
4615:populist government
4457:Minister of Justice
4282:Italian referendums
4127:compromesso storico
4118:Christian Democracy
4116:, president of the
4034:Strategy of tension
3997:(BR), an extremist
3987:historic compromise
3945:Christian Democracy
3126:Francesco Acquaroli
3019:(acting president)
2961:(acting president)
2148:
1813:
1797:Chamber of Deputies
1706:Minister of Justice
1616:Government of Italy
1463:Chamber of Deputies
1452:Chamber of deputies
1346:Chamber of Deputies
1217:democratic republic
1199:liberation of Italy
1173:Government of Italy
1076:liberation of Italy
1056:democratic republic
1002:Politics portal
553:Chamber of Deputies
421:Constitutional laws
166:Chamber of Deputies
7503:Telecommunications
6870:Maritime republics
6330:. 21 October 2022.
6050:. 4 September 2019
6024:. 5 September 2019
5996:The New York Times
5950:. 17 February 2018
5865:The New York Times
5677:(IB Tauris, 1986).
5673:Joan Barth Urban,
5648:far right movement
5499:Palgrave Macmillan
5310:. pp. 36–53.
5231:"Pasta and fries".
5158:Geoffrey Pridham,
4747:Elections in Italy
4619:Five Star Movement
4603:
4599:COVID-19 emergency
4511:Pier Luigi Bersani
4464:vote of confidence
4442:no confidence vote
4438:Giorgio Napolitano
4219:Chernobyl disaster
4202:'s positioning of
4180:
4094:
4064:state of emergency
4050:), began with the
3891:universal suffrage
3860:
3810:
3142:30 September 2020
2311:Five Star Movement
2147:
2145:
2021:Five Star Movement
1812:
1810:
1779:Elections in Italy
1756:adversarial system
1729:judiciary of Italy
1704:, even though the
1656:Judiciary of Italy
1593:Italian Parliament
1585:head of government
1570:President of Italy
1554:
1513:Onorevole Senatore
1378:Italian Parliament
1372:Legislative branch
1323:commander-in-chief
1307:President of Italy
1299:
1295:President of Italy
1282:President of Italy
1183:
1147:rated Italy as a "
1064:popular referendum
1048:multi-party system
977:Gazzetta Ufficiale
229:Head of government
84:Legislative branch
18:Italian politician
8391:Politics of Italy
8378:
8377:
7951:
7950:
7918:
7917:
7553:
7552:
7488:Southern question
7408:
7407:
7340:Political parties
7288:Foreign relations
7260:
7259:
7113:
7112:
6834:Kingdom of Naples
6822:Kingdom of Sicily
6069:Nuovo coronavirus
5779:Svenska Dagbladet
5600:on behalf of the
5598:SAGE Publications
5516:978-3-030-13617-8
5495:Cham, Switzerland
5414:978-1-7329478-0-1
5356:SAGE Publications
4772:Political history
4693:Sergio Mattarella
4689:government crisis
4682:Sergio Mattarella
4654:COVID-19 pandemic
4642:COVID-19 pandemic
4584:new electoral law
4537:Silvio Berlusconi
4460:Clemente Mastella
4418:National Alliance
4410:House of Freedoms
4343:Silvio Berlusconi
4329:Silvio Berlusconi
4251:social democratic
4184:Enrico Berlinguer
4054:in the center of
3973:Fernando Tambroni
3965:Italian Civil War
3951:(MSI) within the
3902:Western countries
3883:Palmiro Togliatti
3848:Alcide De Gasperi
3790:
3789:
3378:Francesco Roberti
3333:11 February 2019
2457:House of Freedoms
2445:National Alliance
2422:Political parties
2419:
2418:
2368:South Calls North
2176:Brothers of Italy
2129:
2128:
2078:South Calls North
1841:Brothers of Italy
1492:senators for life
1358:regional councils
1338:electoral college
1291:Sergio Mattarella
1256:, from the Greek
1134:Sergio Mattarella
1102:Legislative power
1062:was abolished by
1040:politics of Italy
1036:
1035:
936:Council of Europe
914:Foreign relations
893:(multiple issues)
861:(multiple issues)
791:general elections
458:Sergio Mattarella
391:Politics of Italy
376:
375:
214:Sergio Mattarella
172:Presiding officer
141:Presiding officer
33:Politics of Italy
16:(Redirected from
8398:
8315:Dependencies and
8251:Northern Ireland
7992:Sovereign states
7978:
7971:
7964:
7955:
7954:
7941:
7940:
7933:Italy portal
7930:
7929:
7870:National symbols
7564:
7563:
7419:
7418:
7271:
7270:
7124:
7123:
7004:Kingdom of Italy
6931:Napoleonic Italy
6470:
6469:
6446:
6439:
6432:
6423:
6422:
6405:
6374:
6372:
6332:
6331:
6320:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6309:
6294:
6288:
6287:
6283:Associated Press
6274:
6268:
6267:
6260:
6254:
6253:
6246:
6240:
6234:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6223:
6208:
6202:
6201:
6199:
6197:
6182:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6171:
6156:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6145:
6129:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6118:
6095:
6089:
6088:
6081:
6075:
6066:
6060:
6059:
6057:
6055:
6040:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6029:
6014:
6008:
6007:
6005:
6003:
5988:
5982:
5977:
5971:
5966:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5955:
5938:
5932:
5931:
5924:
5918:
5917:
5910:
5901:
5900:
5889:
5883:
5882:
5875:
5869:
5868:
5857:
5851:
5850:
5843:
5837:
5836:
5825:
5819:
5818:
5807:
5801:
5800:
5789:
5783:
5782:
5771:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5760:
5749:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5729:. Archived from
5723:
5717:
5710:
5704:
5697:
5691:
5684:
5678:
5671:
5665:
5664:
5613:
5571:
5565:
5564:
5527:
5521:
5520:
5482:
5476:
5475:
5433:
5427:
5426:
5384:
5378:
5377:
5336:
5330:
5329:
5302:(2nd ed.).
5291:
5285:
5278:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5245:
5236:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5218:
5207:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5185:
5179:
5169:
5163:
5156:
5150:
5149:
5137:
5131:
5118:
5112:
5111:
5100:. 3 March 2012.
5094:
5088:
5087:
5076:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5054:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5037:
5030:
5022:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5011:
4995:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4968:
4962:
4959:
4953:
4952:
4945:
4928:
4927:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4877:
4871:
4870:(18 April 2013).
4861:
4855:
4854:(24 April 2013).
4845:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4798:
4752:History of Italy
4741:
4736:
4735:
4727:
4722:
4721:
4720:
4635:Democratic Party
4475:Democratic Party
4449:Prodi II Cabinet
4347:Pole of Freedoms
4325:
4307:
4228:In these years,
4143:Giulio Andreotti
4135:Bologna massacre
4090:Bologna massacre
4071:Giuseppe Pinelli
3977:Amintore Fanfani
3953:Tambroni Cabinet
3761:
3754:
3748:Alessandra Todde
3735:
3703:13 October 2022
3700:
3693:
3674:
3642:29 October 2021
3639:
3632:
3626:Roberto Occhiuto
3613:
3578:
3571:
3552:
3513:
3506:
3500:Michele Emiliano
3487:
3452:
3445:
3439:Vincenzo De Luca
3426:
3391:
3384:
3365:
3330:
3323:
3304:
3265:
3258:
3239:
3203:28 October 2019
3200:
3193:
3174:
3139:
3132:
3113:
3078:
3071:
3052:
3009:
3003:Alessandro Piana
2990:
2951:
2932:
2893:
2886:
2867:
2828:
2821:
2802:
2773:
2772:
2761:
2754:
2748:Arno Kompatscher
2735:
2696:
2689:
2670:
2635:
2628:
2609:
2574:
2567:
2548:
2514:
2513:
2479:Regions of Italy
2442:
2441:
2211:
2210:
2149:
2146:
1974:Civic Commitment
1876:
1875:
1814:
1811:
1589:Italian Republic
1527:Executive branch
1448:bicameral system
1413:Ignazio La Russa
1409:
1390:
1362:regions of Italy
1211:
1149:flawed democracy
1028:
1021:
1014:
1000:
999:
982:
894:
886:
878:
870:
862:
854:
846:
838:
615:Council of State
585:Court of Assizes
544:
511:Undersecretaries
488:
454:
402:
378:
377:
354:Giovanni Mammone
187:Executive branch
145:Ignazio La Russa
47:
29:
28:
21:
8406:
8405:
8401:
8400:
8399:
8397:
8396:
8395:
8381:
8380:
8379:
8374:
8358:
8316:
8310:
8296:Northern Cyprus
8278:
8272:
8166:North Macedonia
7987:
7982:
7952:
7947:
7927:
7914:
7885:Public holidays
7716:
7662:Life expectancy
7549:
7404:
7320:Law enforcement
7256:
7109:
7056:
7045:Social Republic
7009:Colonial Empire
6992:Capture of Rome
6945:
6838:
6747:
6640:Ancient peoples
6628:
6565:
6526:Historic states
6484:
6459:
6450:
6341:
6339:Further reading
6336:
6335:
6322:
6321:
6317:
6307:
6305:
6296:
6295:
6291:
6286:. 21 July 2022.
6276:
6275:
6271:
6262:
6261:
6257:
6248:
6247:
6243:
6235:
6231:
6221:
6219:
6218:. 18 March 2021
6210:
6209:
6205:
6195:
6193:
6184:
6183:
6179:
6169:
6167:
6158:
6157:
6153:
6143:
6141:
6130:
6126:
6116:
6114:
6096:
6092:
6083:
6082:
6078:
6067:
6063:
6053:
6051:
6042:
6041:
6037:
6027:
6025:
6016:
6015:
6011:
6001:
5999:
5990:
5989:
5985:
5978:
5974:
5967:
5963:
5953:
5951:
5947:The Irish Times
5940:
5939:
5935:
5926:
5925:
5921:
5912:
5911:
5904:
5891:
5890:
5886:
5877:
5876:
5872:
5859:
5858:
5854:
5845:
5844:
5840:
5827:
5826:
5822:
5809:
5808:
5804:
5791:
5790:
5786:
5773:
5772:
5768:
5758:
5756:
5751:
5750:
5746:
5736:
5734:
5725:
5724:
5720:
5711:
5707:
5698:
5694:
5685:
5681:
5672:
5668:
5572:
5568:
5561:
5539:Bessel, Richard
5528:
5524:
5517:
5483:
5479:
5464:
5434:
5430:
5415:
5385:
5381:
5366:
5337:
5333:
5318:
5292:
5288:
5279:
5275:
5265:
5263:
5246:
5239:
5230:
5226:
5216:
5214:
5209:
5208:
5204:
5194:
5192:
5187:
5186:
5182:
5170:
5166:
5157:
5153:
5138:
5134:
5128:Wayback Machine
5119:
5115:
5108:
5096:
5095:
5091:
5078:
5077:
5073:
5063:
5061:
5056:
5055:
5051:
5041:
5039:
5038:on 4 March 2016
5035:
5028:
5024:
5023:
5019:
5009:
5007:
4997:
4996:
4992:
4982:
4980:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4960:
4956:
4947:
4946:
4931:
4900:
4896:
4886:
4884:
4879:
4878:
4874:
4862:
4858:
4846:
4842:
4832:
4830:
4824:
4820:
4810:
4808:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4790:
4739:Politics portal
4737:
4730:
4723:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4672:'s decision to
4611:hung parliament
4588:parallel voting
4586:, which uses a
4572:Paolo Gentiloni
4564:
4533:
4491:Italy of Values
4483:Walter Veltroni
4451:went through a
4422:Northern League
4396:Massimo D'Alema
4351:Northern League
4339:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4326:
4318:
4317:
4308:
4267:organized crime
4259:
4163:
4122:Communist Party
4040:
4030:
3993:in 1978 by the
3941:
3876:May 1947 crisis
3854:and one of the
3841:
3827:
3821:
3816:
3798:
3792:
3752:
3751:
3743:
3736:
3691:
3690:
3687:Renato Schifani
3682:
3675:
3630:
3629:
3621:
3614:
3569:
3568:
3560:
3553:
3504:
3503:
3495:
3488:
3443:
3442:
3434:
3427:
3382:
3381:
3373:
3366:
3321:
3320:
3312:
3305:
3256:
3255:
3252:Francesco Rocca
3247:
3240:
3191:
3190:
3187:Donatella Tesei
3182:
3175:
3130:
3129:
3121:
3114:
3081:8 October 2020
3069:
3068:
3060:
3053:
3018:
3007:
3006:
2998:
2991:
2960:
2949:
2948:
2940:
2933:
2884:
2883:
2875:
2868:
2819:
2818:
2810:
2803:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2752:
2751:
2743:
2736:
2687:
2686:
2683:Attilio Fontana
2678:
2671:
2626:
2625:
2617:
2610:
2565:
2564:
2556:
2549:
2481:
2475:
2466:
2429:scorporo system
2424:
2134:
1799:
1782:
1771:
1737:Napoleonic code
1666:
1648:
1646:Judicial branch
1539:
1529:
1496:senatori a vita
1424:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1410:
1402:
1401:
1394:Lorenzo Fontana
1391:
1380:
1374:
1329:and chairs the
1284:
1278:
1212:
1209:
1175:
1169:
1086:Executive power
1032:
994:
989:
988:
987:
984:
980:
979:
954:
946:
945:
916:
906:
905:
892:
884:
876:
868:
860:
853:(electoral law)
852:
844:
837:(fertility law)
836:
823:
785:
771:
770:
757:
645:
635:
634:
605:
595:
594:
570:
560:
559:
538:
531:
521:
520:
504:Current Cabinet
482:
475:
465:
464:
448:
441:
431:
430:
416:
393:
383:Politics series
371:Silvana Sciarra
327:Judicial branch
280:Current cabinet
176:Lorenzo Fontana
116:
52:
50:Emblem of Italy
38:
35:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8404:
8394:
8393:
8376:
8375:
8373:
8372:
8370:European Union
8366:
8364:
8363:Other entities
8360:
8359:
8357:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8320:
8318:
8317:other entities
8312:
8311:
8309:
8308:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8282:
8280:
8274:
8273:
8271:
8270:
8265:
8264:
8263:
8258:
8253:
8248:
8241:United Kingdom
8238:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8054:Czech Republic
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7995:
7993:
7989:
7988:
7981:
7980:
7973:
7966:
7958:
7949:
7948:
7946:
7945:
7935:
7923:
7920:
7919:
7916:
7915:
7913:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
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7732:
7726:
7724:
7718:
7717:
7715:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7658:
7657:
7656:
7655:
7640:
7639:
7638:
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7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
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7573:
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7555:
7554:
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7547:
7542:
7537:
7536:
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7530:
7525:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7493:Stock exchange
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7459:
7458:
7453:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7422:
7416:
7410:
7409:
7406:
7405:
7403:
7402:
7397:
7395:Municipalities
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7355:Prime Minister
7352:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7306:
7305:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7274:
7268:
7262:
7261:
7258:
7257:
7255:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7242:Regional parks
7239:
7237:National parks
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7198:
7197:
7187:
7186:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7149:
7148:
7146:Climate change
7138:
7133:
7127:
7121:
7115:
7114:
7111:
7110:
7108:
7107:
7106:
7105:
7100:
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7064:
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7058:
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7047:
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7011:
7006:
6996:
6995:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
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6953:
6951:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6922:
6921:
6911:
6909:Duchy of Savoy
6906:
6901:
6896:
6895:
6894:
6893:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6846:
6844:
6840:
6839:
6837:
6836:
6831:
6830:
6829:
6819:
6817:Lombard League
6814:
6813:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6755:
6753:
6749:
6748:
6746:
6745:
6744:
6743:
6742:
6741:
6739:Western Empire
6731:
6726:
6724:Roman conquest
6721:
6716:
6706:
6705:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6678:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6645:Italic peoples
6636:
6634:
6630:
6629:
6627:
6626:
6625:
6624:
6619:
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6609:
6604:
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6407:
6406:
6375:
6340:
6337:
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6333:
6315:
6289:
6269:
6255:
6241:
6229:
6203:
6177:
6151:
6124:
6090:
6076:
6061:
6048:Deutsche Welle
6035:
6009:
5983:
5972:
5961:
5933:
5919:
5902:
5884:
5870:
5852:
5849:. EU observer.
5838:
5820:
5817:. 17 May 2012.
5802:
5784:
5766:
5744:
5718:
5705:
5692:
5679:
5666:
5634:1970s in Italy
5566:
5559:
5522:
5515:
5477:
5462:
5428:
5413:
5379:
5364:
5331:
5316:
5286:
5273:
5237:
5224:
5202:
5180:
5164:
5151:
5132:
5113:
5107:978-1438774664
5106:
5089:
5071:
5049:
5017:
4990:
4963:
4954:
4929:
4916:10.2307/442274
4910:(3): 205–222.
4894:
4872:
4856:
4840:
4818:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4743:
4742:
4728:
4712:
4709:
4705:Giorgia Meloni
4678:Draghi Cabinet
4627:Giuseppe Conte
4563:
4560:
4532:
4529:
4403:Giuliano Amato
4366:The Olive Tree
4327:
4320:
4319:
4309:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4258:
4255:
4162:
4159:
4139:Propaganda Due
4048:anni di piombo
4029:
4026:
4018:Emilia-Romagna
4006:Western Europe
3940:
3937:
3922:radicalization
3914:United Kingdom
3823:Main article:
3820:
3817:
3812:Main article:
3797:
3794:
3788:
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3782:
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3764:20 March 2024
3762:
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3599:
3594:
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3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:25 March 2019
3579:
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3360:
3357:
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3334:
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3324:
3317:Marco Marsilio
3313:
3306:
3299:
3296:
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3283:
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3269:
3266:
3259:
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3204:
3201:
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3105:
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3094:
3092:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3072:
3061:
3054:
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3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3031:
3022:
3020:
3015:
3012:
3010:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2969:
2964:
2962:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2941:
2937:Emilia-Romagna
2934:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2911:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:30 April 2018
2894:
2887:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2846:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:30 March 2010
2829:
2822:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2781:
2776:
2774:
2765:
2764:13 March 2024
2762:
2755:
2744:
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2730:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:26 March 2018
2697:
2690:
2679:
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2665:
2662:
2661:
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2649:
2644:
2642:
2639:
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2629:
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2611:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2568:
2561:Renzo Testolin
2557:
2550:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2538:Last election
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2505:raisons d'être
2483:Five regions (
2477:Main article:
2474:
2471:
2462:Main article:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2406:
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2327:
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2305:
2304:
2299:
2294:
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2259:
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2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2234:
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2230:
2227:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
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2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1956:
1953:
1952:
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1941:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1926:
1924:
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1910:
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1843:
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1831:
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1824:
1821:
1818:
1798:
1795:
1770:
1767:
1647:
1644:
1640:sottosegretari
1550:prime minister
1546:Giorgia Meloni
1528:
1525:
1517:Palazzo Madama
1515:) and meet at
1507:The Honourable
1475:) and meet at
1468:The Honourable
1411:
1404:
1403:
1392:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1373:
1370:
1277:
1274:
1229:ruling monarch
1207:
1171:Main article:
1168:
1165:
1138:Giorgia Meloni
1094:Prime Minister
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1008:
1005:
1004:
991:
990:
986:
985:
974:
972:
967:
956:
955:
953:Related topics
952:
951:
948:
947:
944:
943:
941:European Union
938:
933:
928:
923:
921:United Nations
917:
912:
911:
908:
907:
904:
903:
901:Constituencies
898:
897:
896:
888:
885:(Constitution)
880:
877:(Constitution)
875:December 2016
872:
869:(oil drilling)
864:
856:
848:
845:(Constitution)
840:
826:
825:
824:
822:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
795:
786:
777:
776:
773:
772:
769:
768:
766:Municipalities
763:
756:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
688:Emilia-Romagna
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
654:
653:
652:
646:
641:
640:
637:
636:
633:
632:
627:
622:
620:Court of Audit
617:
612:
606:
601:
600:
597:
596:
593:
592:
587:
582:
577:
571:
566:
565:
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561:
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550:
532:
527:
526:
523:
522:
519:
518:
513:
508:
507:
506:
496:
495:
494:
492:Giorgia Meloni
480:Prime Minister
476:
471:
470:
467:
466:
463:
462:
461:
460:
442:
437:
436:
433:
432:
429:
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426:Lateran Treaty
423:
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412:
411:
408:
407:
404:
403:
395:
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389:
386:
385:
374:
373:
368:
364:
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334:
330:
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323:
322:
317:
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312:
307:
303:
302:
299:
295:
294:
293:Prime Minister
291:
287:
286:
284:Meloni Cabinet
281:
277:
276:
271:
267:
266:
260:
259:
256:
252:
251:
249:Giorgia Meloni
246:
242:
241:
239:Prime Minister
236:
232:
231:
225:
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221:
217:
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211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
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168:
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159:
158:
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151:
142:
138:
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132:
128:
127:
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114:Palazzo Madama
111:
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101:
97:
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91:
87:
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80:
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69:
58:
54:
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48:
40:
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36:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8403:
8392:
8389:
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8371:
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8367:
8365:
8361:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8329:Faroe Islands
8327:
8325:
8322:
8321:
8319:
8313:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8301:South Ossetia
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
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8281:
8275:
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8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8126:Liechtenstein
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
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7708:
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7703:
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7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7654:
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7650:
7649:
7646:
7645:
7644:
7641:
7637:
7634:
7633:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
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7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
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7565:
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7534:
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7526:
7524:
7521:
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7516:
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7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
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7489:
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7476:
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7466:
7464:
7461:
7457:
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7448:
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7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
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7420:
7417:
7415:
7411:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
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7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7360:
7356:
7353:
7350:
7346:
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7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7304:
7301:
7300:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
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7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7275:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7263:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7196:
7193:
7192:
7191:
7188:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7170:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
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7154:
7151:
7147:
7144:
7143:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7128:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7116:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7088:Years of Lead
7086:
7084:
7083:Economic Boom
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7070:
7069:
7066:
7065:
7063:
7059:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7026:Fascist Italy
7024:
7020:
7017:
7016:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7001:
7000:
6997:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6972:Niçard exodus
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6959:
6958:
6955:
6954:
6952:
6948:
6942:
6939:
6937:
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6924:
6920:
6917:
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6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
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6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6872:
6871:
6868:
6866:
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6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6852:
6851:
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6835:
6832:
6828:
6825:
6824:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6762:
6761:
6760:
6757:
6756:
6754:
6750:
6740:
6737:
6736:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6711:
6710:
6707:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6692:Magna Graecia
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6647:
6646:
6643:
6642:
6641:
6638:
6637:
6635:
6631:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6578:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6568:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6487:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6462:
6458:
6454:
6447:
6442:
6440:
6435:
6433:
6428:
6427:
6424:
6416:
6411:
6410:
6409:
6408:
6403:
6399:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6382:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6362:
6358:
6354:
6350:
6349:
6343:
6342:
6329:
6325:
6319:
6303:
6299:
6293:
6285:
6284:
6279:
6273:
6265:
6259:
6251:
6245:
6238:
6233:
6217:
6213:
6207:
6191:
6187:
6181:
6165:
6161:
6155:
6139:
6135:
6128:
6113:
6109:
6105:
6101:
6094:
6086:
6080:
6074:
6070:
6065:
6049:
6045:
6039:
6023:
6019:
6013:
5998:. 24 May 2018
5997:
5993:
5987:
5981:
5976:
5970:
5965:
5949:
5948:
5943:
5937:
5929:
5923:
5915:
5909:
5907:
5898:
5894:
5888:
5880:
5874:
5866:
5862:
5856:
5848:
5842:
5834:
5830:
5824:
5816:
5812:
5806:
5798:
5794:
5788:
5780:
5776:
5770:
5754:
5748:
5732:
5728:
5722:
5715:
5709:
5702:
5696:
5689:
5683:
5676:
5670:
5663:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5649:
5646:
5642:
5639:
5635:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5582:
5577:
5570:
5562:
5560:9780521477116
5556:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5540:
5536:
5532:
5526:
5518:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5501:. p. 4.
5500:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5481:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5463:9780367867058
5459:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5432:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5383:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5365:9781526459954
5361:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5335:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5317:9780253057143
5313:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5290:
5283:
5277:
5261:
5257:
5256:
5251:
5244:
5242:
5234:
5233:The Economist
5228:
5212:
5206:
5190:
5184:
5178:
5174:
5168:
5161:
5155:
5147:
5143:
5136:
5129:
5125:
5122:
5117:
5109:
5103:
5099:
5093:
5085:
5081:
5075:
5059:
5053:
5034:
5027:
5021:
5005:
5004:
5000:
4994:
4978:
4977:
4973:
4967:
4958:
4950:
4944:
4942:
4940:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4898:
4882:
4876:
4869:
4865:
4860:
4853:
4852:The Economist
4849:
4844:
4829:
4822:
4807:
4803:
4797:
4793:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4734:
4729:
4726:
4715:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4697:snap election
4694:
4690:
4685:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4600:
4595:
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4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4548:
4545:
4540:
4538:
4528:
4526:
4521:
4519:
4514:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4445:
4443:
4439:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4406:
4404:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4388:
4386:
4385:Bank of Italy
4382:
4378:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4362:
4360:
4359:Lamberto Dini
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4334:
4330:
4324:
4316:
4312:
4306:
4297:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4224:
4220:
4215:
4213:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4200:Ronald Reagan
4197:
4193:
4192:Bettino Craxi
4189:
4185:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4167:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4110:Walter Tobagi
4107:
4106:
4101:
4100:
4091:
4086:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4058:. Neofascist
4057:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4039:
4035:
4028:Years of Lead
4025:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4014:Eurocommunism
4011:
4007:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3918:United States
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3815:
3807:
3802:
3793:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3734:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3612:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3551:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3303:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:2 March 2023
3267:
3264:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3238:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3173:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3112:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3065:Eugenio Giani
3062:
3059:
3058:
3051:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3016:
3014:26 July 2014
3013:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2958:
2956:12 July 2014
2955:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
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2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2888:
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2877:
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2873:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2852:
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2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2734:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2622:Alberto Cirio
2619:
2616:
2615:
2608:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:2 March 2023
2576:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2528:
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2516:
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2512:
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2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
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2470:
2465:
2460:
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2454:
2450:
2446:
2440:
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2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
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2401:
2398:
2395:
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2388:
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2326:
2325:
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2319:
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2307:
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2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2285:
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2280:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2170:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2138:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1851:
1847:
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1749:inquisitorial
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1603:. The formal
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1433:
1432:right to vote
1429:
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1379:
1369:
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1363:
1359:
1355:
1354:joint session
1351:
1347:
1343:
1342:2022 election
1339:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1319:King of Italy
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:head of state
1296:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1276:Head of state
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1260:(people) and
1259:
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1130:head of state
1128:, who is the
1127:
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439:Head of state
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110:Meeting place
108:
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78:
75:
71:
68:
65:
64:parliamentary
62:
59:
55:
51:
46:
41:
30:
27:
19:
8306:Transnistria
8268:Vatican City
8110:
7770:Architecture
7740:Quattrocento
7697:Social class
7677:Prostitution
7591:Demographics
7513:Trade unions
7456:Central Bank
7298:Human rights
7278:Constitution
7265:
7061:Contemporary
7031:World War II
6919:Italian Wars
6843:Early modern
6785:Papal States
6763:Italy under
6709:Ancient Rome
6385:
6379:
6370:10419/117965
6352:
6346:
6327:
6318:
6306:. Retrieved
6301:
6292:
6281:
6272:
6258:
6244:
6232:
6220:. Retrieved
6206:
6194:. Retrieved
6189:
6180:
6168:. Retrieved
6163:
6154:
6142:. Retrieved
6140:(in Italian)
6137:
6127:
6115:. Retrieved
6104:The Guardian
6103:
6093:
6079:
6072:
6064:
6052:. Retrieved
6047:
6038:
6026:. Retrieved
6021:
6012:
6000:. Retrieved
5995:
5986:
5975:
5964:
5952:. Retrieved
5945:
5936:
5922:
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5887:
5873:
5864:
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5841:
5832:
5823:
5814:
5805:
5796:
5787:
5778:
5769:
5757:. Retrieved
5747:
5735:. Retrieved
5731:the original
5721:
5713:
5708:
5700:
5695:
5687:
5686:David Moss,
5682:
5674:
5669:
5631:
5585:
5579:
5569:
5542:
5525:
5490:
5480:
5441:
5431:
5392:
5382:
5347:
5334:
5299:
5289:
5281:
5276:
5266:10 September
5264:. Retrieved
5253:
5232:
5227:
5215:. Retrieved
5205:
5193:. Retrieved
5191:(in Italian)
5183:
5172:
5167:
5159:
5154:
5145:
5135:
5116:
5097:
5092:
5083:
5074:
5062:. Retrieved
5060:(in Italian)
5052:
5040:. Retrieved
5033:the original
5020:
5008:. Retrieved
5001:
4993:
4981:. Retrieved
4974:
4966:
4957:
4907:
4903:
4897:
4885:. Retrieved
4875:
4859:
4851:
4843:
4831:. Retrieved
4821:
4809:. Retrieved
4796:
4777:Anti-fascism
4725:Italy portal
4686:
4668:, following
4666:Mario Draghi
4639:
4604:
4565:
4552:Matteo Renzi
4549:
4541:
4534:
4525:Matteo Renzi
4522:
4518:Enrico Letta
4515:
4503:
4472:
4446:
4434:
4414:Forza Italia
4407:
4400:
4389:
4374:
4370:Romano Prodi
4363:
4340:
4311:Romano Prodi
4294:
4279:
4274:
4271:Tangentopoli
4270:
4260:
4239:
4235:Tangentopoli
4233:
4227:
4216:
4208:
4196:Soviet Union
4181:
4173:
4132:
4125:
4103:
4099:Ordine Nuovo
4097:
4095:
4079:universities
4041:
4010:Soviet Union
4003:
3995:Red Brigades
3981:
3942:
3899:
3880:
3861:
3831:Iron Curtain
3791:
3746:
3738:
3719:Centre-right
3685:
3677:
3658:Centre-right
3624:
3616:
3597:Centre-right
3563:
3555:
3516:1 June 2015
3498:
3490:
3455:1 June 2015
3437:
3429:
3410:Centre-right
3394:6 July 2023
3376:
3368:
3349:Centre-right
3315:
3307:
3288:Centre-right
3250:
3242:
3223:Centre-right
3185:
3177:
3158:Centre-right
3124:
3116:
3063:
3055:
3036:Centre-right
3001:
2993:
2945:Irene Priolo
2943:
2935:
2916:Centre-right
2878:
2870:
2851:Centre-right
2813:
2805:
2786:Centre-right
2746:
2738:
2719:Centre-right
2681:
2673:
2654:Centre-right
2638:6 June 2019
2620:
2612:
2559:
2553:Aosta Valley
2551:
2504:
2485:Aosta Valley
2482:
2467:
2439:Forza Italia
2425:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2396:
2391:
2377:
2372:
2358:
2353:
2339:
2334:
2320:
2315:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2225:Us Moderates
2208:Forza Italia
2123:
2118:
2113:
2106:
2101:
2087:
2082:
2068:
2063:
2049:
2044:
2030:
2025:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1989:Aosta Valley
1912:
1907:
1902:
1890:Us Moderates
1873:Forza Italia
1783:
1760:
1731:is based on
1726:
1684:states that
1682:Constitution
1679:
1670:law of Italy
1667:
1652:Law of Italy
1632:viceministri
1609:
1578:
1558:Constitution
1555:
1512:
1505:
1499:
1495:
1485:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1428:Constitution
1425:
1366:Aosta Valley
1352:—meeting in
1335:
1311:Constitution
1300:
1261:
1257:
1239:
1232:
1214:
1204:
1195:anti-fascist
1184:
1161:World War II
1142:
1097:
1084:
1080:constitution
1072:anti-fascist
1060:the monarchy
1039:
1037:
976:
964:Technocratic
658:Aosta Valley
414:Constitution
390:
381:Part of the
306:Headquarters
73:Constitution
26:
8344:Isle of Man
8279:recognition
8226:Switzerland
8161:Netherlands
7835:Italophilia
7795:Coat of arm
7745:Cinquecento
7621:Immigration
7571:Aristocracy
7436:Agriculture
7330:Nationality
7303:LGBT rights
7217:Earthquakes
7098:Mani pulite
7014:World War I
6957:Unification
6950:Late modern
6914:Renaissance
6759:Middle Ages
6752:Middle Ages
6729:Roman Italy
6496:Citizenship
6054:9 September
6028:9 September
5815:LaStampa.it
5656:kidnappings
5604:: 381–400.
5590:Los Angeles
5340:Martin, Gus
5084:www.loc.gov
4811:23 November
4506:Mario Monti
4345:(leader of
4275:mani pulite
4241:mani pulite
4238:. With the
4204:Pershing II
4175:mani pulite
3957:neo-fascist
3780:Centre-left
3536:Centre-left
3471:Centre-left
3097:Centre-left
2974:Centre-left
2593:Centre-left
2292:Total seats
2238:Total seats
2002:Total seats
1959:More Europe
1903:Total seats
1745:adversarial
1622:), all the
1270:rule of law
1266:arbitrarily
1250:sovereignty
1234:Res Publica
1118:independent
1054:has been a
867:April 2016
830:referendums
783:referendums
529:Legislature
367:Chief judge
350:Chief judge
156:Lower house
125:Upper house
57:Polity type
8196:San Marino
8156:Montenegro
8136:Luxembourg
8116:Kazakhstan
8019:Azerbaijan
7905:Traditions
7895:Television
7880:Philosophy
7845:Literature
7785:Cathedrals
7755:Settecento
7616:Healthcare
7581:Corruption
7576:Censorship
7335:Parliament
7293:Government
7093:Maxi Trial
7041:Resistance
6770:Ostrogoths
6702:Messapians
6587:Villanovan
6577:Prehistory
6570:Prehistory
5797:l'Espresso
5531:Levy, Carl
5472:2014039877
5423:2018955266
5374:2018948259
5326:2020050360
5262:: Treccani
4833:14 October
4788:References
4562:Since 2016
4453:new crisis
4263:corruption
4230:corruption
4155:Olive Tree
4032:See also:
3916:, and the
3767:2024–2029
3706:2022–2027
3645:2021–2026
3584:2024–2029
3565:Vito Bardi
3557:Basilicata
3519:2020–2025
3458:2020–2025
3397:2023–2028
3336:2024–2029
3271:2023–2028
3206:2019–2024
3145:2020–2025
3084:2020–2025
2899:2023–2028
2834:2020–2025
2702:2023–2028
2641:2024–2029
2580:2023–2025
2535:Coalition
2453:Olive Tree
2435:movement,
2152:Coalition
1817:Coalition
1787:voting age
1739:and later
1511:(Italian:
1471:(Italian:
1444:Parliament
1440:Parliament
1360:of the 20
1248:. And the
1167:Government
1110:Parliament
1106:two houses
960:Government
738:Basilicata
536:Parliament
516:Ministries
316:Ministries
223:Parliament
94:Parliament
8334:Gibraltar
8131:Lithuania
7865:Mythology
7840:Libraries
7760:Ottocento
7702:Terrorism
7643:Languages
7596:Education
7518:Transport
7468:Companies
7375:Provinces
7345:President
7310:Judiciary
7283:Elections
7195:Volcanoes
7190:Volcanism
7183:Apennines
7168:Mountains
7136:Peninsula
7119:Geography
7050:Civil War
6775:Byzantium
6682:Etruscans
6617:Canegrate
6612:Golasecca
6597:Rinaldone
6592:Terramare
6582:Neolithic
6402:154060795
6308:2 October
6302:France 24
6190:Linkiesta
6112:0261-3077
6022:France 24
5930:. Jurist.
5833:senato.it
5737:17 August
5628:234835036
5620:1741-2609
5547:Cambridge
5533:(2000) .
5454:Routledge
4703:, led by
4625:, led by
4481:) led by
4479:The Daisy
4190:, led by
4114:Aldo Moro
4068:anarchist
3983:Aldo Moro
3930:far-right
3904:(such as
3895:Socialist
2815:Luca Zaia
2767:2024–2026
2523:Portrait
1752:civil law
1733:Roman law
1722:President
1698:judiciary
1696:. So the
1624:ministers
1473:Onorevole
1254:democracy
1126:President
1114:judiciary
779:Elections
761:Provinces
568:Judiciary
473:Executive
446:President
337:Judiciary
301:President
298:Appointer
258:President
255:Appointer
245:Currently
220:Appointer
210:Currently
204:President
104:Bicameral
8385:Category
8354:Svalbard
8339:Guernsey
8286:Abkhazia
8256:Scotland
8211:Slovenia
8206:Slovakia
8181:Portugal
8039:Bulgaria
7943:Category
7830:Internet
7820:Folklore
7750:Seicento
7735:Trecento
7730:Duecento
7692:Religion
7653:Regional
7631:Italians
7606:Gambling
7498:Taxation
7325:Military
7266:Politics
7068:Republic
6855:Florence
6780:Lombards
6719:Republic
6665:Samnites
6660:Picentes
6602:Apennine
6561:Railways
6541:Military
6489:By topic
6473:Overview
6457:articles
6328:BBC News
6170:22 March
6144:22 March
6138:YouTrend
6117:12 March
5759:9 August
5652:sabotage
5645:militant
5638:far-left
5446:New York
5284:. (1986)
5217:17 March
5195:17 March
5124:Archived
5064:26 March
5042:28 March
4887:27 April
4868:Stratfor
4711:See also
4578:and the
4556:Italicum
4455:because
4428:and the
4286:scorporo
4102:and the
3926:far-left
3872:Cold War
3740:Sardinia
3618:Calabria
3431:Campania
2675:Lombardy
2614:Piedmont
2493:Sardinia
1741:statutes
1454:and the
1348:and the
1246:citizens
1242:subjects
1208:—
970:Taxation
753:Sardinia
743:Calabria
728:Campania
668:Lombardy
663:Piedmont
67:republic
8246:England
8236:Ukraine
8186:Romania
8146:Moldova
8104:Ireland
8099:Iceland
8094:Hungary
8084:Germany
8079:Georgia
8069:Finland
8064:Estonia
8059:Denmark
8044:Croatia
8029:Belgium
8024:Belarus
8014:Austria
8009:Armenia
8004:Andorra
7999:Albania
7900:Theatre
7875:Palaces
7855:Museums
7825:Gardens
7810:Fashion
7800:Cuisine
7780:Castles
7722:Culture
7672:Poverty
7648:Italian
7559:Society
7540:Welfare
7508:Tourism
7478:Exports
7446:Banking
7426:Economy
7414:Economy
7370:Regions
7252:Valleys
7222:Islands
7202:Beaches
7173:Prealps
7153:Geology
7141:Climate
6805:Normans
6765:Odoacer
6714:Kingdom
6697:Ligures
6633:Ancient
6607:Nuragic
6556:Postage
6531:Judaism
6521:Genetic
6511:Fashion
6506:Economy
6465:History
6415:excerpt
6222:10 June
6196:4 March
5954:10 June
5897:Reuters
5541:(ed.).
5177:excerpt
5175:(2018)
5162:(2013),
5146:AltaLex
5010:15 June
4983:15 June
4379:as the
4280:In the
4044:Italian
4022:Tuscany
3910:Germany
3753:(1969–)
3692:(1950–)
3631:(1969–)
3570:(1951–)
3505:(1959–)
3444:(1949–)
3383:(1967–)
3322:(1968–)
3309:Abruzzo
3257:(1965–)
3192:(1958–)
3131:(1974–)
3070:(1959–)
3057:Tuscany
3008:(1972–)
2995:Liguria
2950:(1974–)
2885:(1980–)
2820:(1968–)
2753:(1972–)
2688:(1962–)
2627:(1972–)
2566:(1968–)
2517:Region
2433:liberal
1710:justice
1686:justice
1636:Italian
1628:Italian
1587:of the
1574:cabinet
1509:Senator
1501:Senator
1438:in the
1325:of the
1301:As the
1046:with a
828:Recent
789:Recent
723:Abruzzo
698:Tuscany
693:Liguria
650:Regions
264:Cabinet
61:Unitary
8349:Jersey
8291:Kosovo
8231:Turkey
8221:Sweden
8201:Serbia
8191:Russia
8176:Poland
8171:Norway
8151:Monaco
8121:Latvia
8089:Greece
8074:France
8049:Cyprus
7931:
7805:Design
7790:Cinema
7765:Anthem
7687:Racism
7636:People
7611:Health
7473:Energy
7463:Brands
7390:Comune
7385:Cities
7247:Rivers
7207:Canals
6890:Amalfi
6875:Venice
6734:Empire
6675:Veneti
6650:Latins
6622:Latial
6455:
6400:
6110:
6002:2 June
5703:(1989)
5690:(1989)
5626:
5618:
5594:London
5557:
5513:
5470:
5460:
5450:London
5421:
5411:
5372:
5362:
5324:
5314:
5104:
4924:442274
4922:
4623:League
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