Italian Brazilians

532: 1859: 1101:

In consequence, there are no official figures about the size of the Italian population in Brazil during the mass immigration period (1880–1900). There are estimates available, and the most reliable was done by Giorgio Mortara even though his figures may have underestimated the real size of the Italian population. On the other hand, Angelo Trento believes that the Italian estimates are "certainly exaggerated" and "lacking of any foundation" since they found a figure of 1,837,887 Italians in Brazil for 1927. Another evaluation conducted by Bruno Zuculin found 997,887 Italians in Brazil in 1927. All of those figures include only people born in Italy, not their Brazilian-born descendants.

2444: 94: 587: 416: 3595: 1530: 446:. To exercise the rights and obligations of citizenship, individual must have all documents registered in Italy, which normally involves the local consulate or embassy. Some limitations are applied to the process of recognition such as the renouncement of the Italian citizenship by the individual or the parent (if before the child's birth), a second limitation is that women transferred citizenship to their children only after 1948. After a constitutional reform in Italy, Italian citizens abroad may elect representatives to the 3295: 1366: 1254: 2068: 2672: 1243: 1384:). At first, the government was responsible for bringing the immigrants (in most cases, paying for their transportation by ship), but later, the farmers were responsible for making contracts with immigrants or specialized companies in recruiting Italian workers. Many posters were spread in Italy, with pictures of Brazil, selling the idea that everybody could become rich there by working with coffee, which was called by the Italian immigrants the 568: 1446: 3188: 1354: 3432: 1795: 84: 8152: 6388: 1764: 77: 8164: 524: 5837: 1126: 5911: 1912:

Italians in the country, which occurred mostly after the Great Naturalization period. Italian institutions encouraged the entry of Italians in Brazilian politics, but the presence of immigrants was initially small. Italian dialects came to dominate the streets of São Paulo and in some Southern localities. Over time, languages based on Italian dialects tended to disappear, and their presence is now small.

352: 3489: 1822:

replaced by other immigrants. That forced them to accept the impositions of landowners, or they would have to leave their lands. Even though Italians were considered to be "superior" to blacks by Brazilian landowners, the situation faced by Italians in Brazil was so similar to that of the slaves that farmers called them

1308:. After initially settling in the government-promoted colonies, many Italian immigrants spread into other areas of Rio Grande do Sul, seeking better opportunities, and created many other Italian colonies on their own, mainly in highlands, because the lowlands were already populated by German immigrants and native 2691:; however, they were not distributed homogeneously among the extensive Brazilian regions. In the State of São Paulo, the Italian community was more diverse including a large number of people from the South and the Center of Italy. Even today, 42% of the Italians in Brazil came from Northern Italy, 36% from 683:) came to Brazil as part of a state visit to various South American countries. That was part of the political plan of the new fascist government to link Italian people living outside of Italy with their mother country and the interests of the regime. The visit was disrupted considerably by the ongoing 880:

On the other hand, in 1998, the IBGE, within its preparation for the 2000 Census, experimentally introduced a question about "origem" (ancestry) in its "Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego" (Monthly Employment Survey) to test the viability of introducing that variable in the census (the IBGE ended by deciding

3573:

such as Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay; these countries being recipients of a considerable Italian immigration between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. There is a ritual that accompanies lunch with gnocchi, namely putting money under the plate which symbolizes

1882:

A common presence on the streets of São Paulo were the Italian boys working as newspaper boys, as an Italian traveler observed: "In the crowd, we can see many Italian boys, shabby and barefoot, selling the newspapers from the city and from Rio de Janeiro, bothering the passersby with their offerings

1866:

Despite the high numbers of immigrants leaving the country, most Italians remained in Brazil. Most of the immigrants remained only one year working on coffee farms and then left the plantations. A few earned enough money to buy their own lands and became farmers themselves. However, most migrated to

1407:

Rio de Janeiro was declining in the 19th century as a farming producer, and São Paulo had already taken the lead as a coffee producer/exporter in the early 20th century, as well as big producer of sugar and other important crops. Thus, migrants were naturally more attracted to the State of São Paulo

506:

During the last quarter of the 19th century, the newly united Italy suffered an economic crisis. The more industrial northern half of Italy was plagued with high unemployment caused in part by the introduction of modern agricultural techniques, while southern Italy remained underdeveloped and almost

3585:

who, after converting to Christianity, made a pilgrimage through northern Italy. There Pantaleon practiced miraculous cures for which he was canonized. According to legend, on one occasion when he asked Venetian peasants for bread, they invited him to share their poor table. In gratitude, Pantaleon

1907:

In São Paulo, where more Italians settled, in the 1940 census 28,910 Italian-born people reported to speak Italian at home (only 13.6% of the state's Italian population). In comparison, 49.1% of the immigrants of other nationalities reported to keep speaking their native languages at home (with the

1100:

The 1920 census was the first one to show a more specific figure about the size of the Italian population in Brazil (558,405). However, since the 20th century, the arrival of new Italian immigrants to Brazil has been in steady decline. The previous censuses of 1890 and 1900 had limited information.

551:

discussed the lack of labor and proposed to the government the stimulation of European immigration to Brazil. Immigrants from Italy, Portugal, and Spain were considered the best ones because they were Latin-based and mainly Catholic. In particular, Italian immigrants settled mainly in the São Paulo

543:

In 1850, under British pressure, Brazil finally passed a law that effectively banned transatlantic slave trade. The increased pressure of the abolitionist movement, on the other hand, made it clear that the days of slavery in Brazil were coming to an end. Slave trade was effectively suppressed, but

507:

untouched by agrarian modernization programs. Even in the North, industrialization was still in its initial stages and illiteracy remained common. Thus, poverty and lack of jobs and income stimulated Northern (and Southern) Italians to emigrate. Most Italian immigrants were very poor rural workers (

313:

does not ask the ancestry of the Brazilian people. In 1940, the last census to ask ancestry, 1,260,931 Brazilians were said to be the child of an Italian father, and 1,069,862 said to be the child of an Italian mother. Italians were 285,000 and naturalized Brazilians 40,000. Therefore, Italians and

1903:

According to the 1940 census in Rio Grande do Sul, 393,934 people reported to speak German as their first language (11.86% of the state's population). In comparison, 295,995 reported to speak Italian, mostly dialects (8.91% of the state's population). Even though Italian immigration was larger and

1886:

Despite the poverty and even semi-slavery conditions faced by many Italians in Brazil, most of the population achieved some personal success and changed their lower-class situation. Even though most of the first generation of immigrants still lived in poverty, their children, born in Brazil, often

1817:

The remnants of slavery influenced on how Brazilian landowners dealt with Italian workers: immigrants were often monitored, with extensive hours of work. In some cases, they were obliged to buy products that they needed from the landowner. Moreover, the coffee farms were located in rather isolated

486:

Italy did not become a unified national state until 1861. Before then, Italy was politically divided into several kingdoms, duchies, and other small states. The legacy of political fragmentation influenced deeply the character of the Italian migrant: "Before 1914, the typical Italian migrant was a

1833:

The destitution faced by Italians and other immigrants in Brazil caused great commotion in the Italian press, which culminated in the Prinetti Decree in 1902. Many immigrants left Brazil after their experience on São Paulo's coffee farms. Between 1882 and 1914, 1.5 million immigrants of different

367:

descent. All figures relate to Brazilians of any Italian descent, not necessarily linked to Italian culture in any significant way. According to García, the number of Brazilians with actual links to Italian identity and culture would be around 3.5 to 4.5 million people. Scholar Luigi Favero, in a

712:

The Brazilian census of 1940 asked Brazilians where their fathers came from. It revealed that at that time there were 3,275,732 Brazilians who were born to an immigrant father. Of those, 1,260,931 Brazilians were born to an Italian father. Italian was the main reported paternal immigrant origin,

3499:

Italians brought new recipes and types of food to Brazil and also helped in the development of the cuisine of Brazil. Italian staple dishes like pizza and pasta are very common and popular in Brazil. Pasta is extremely common, either simple unadorned pasta with butter or oil or accompanied by a

1895:

Except for some isolated cases of violence between Brazilians and Italians, especially between 1892 and 1896, integration in Brazil was quick and peaceful. For Italians in São Paulo, scholars suggest that assimilation occurred within two generations. Research suggests that even first-generation

1838:

were used in Brazil. It is estimated that, between 1890 and 1904, 223,031 (14,869 annually) Italians left Brazil, mainly after failed experiences on coffee farms. Most of the Italians who left the country were unable to add the money they wanted. Most returned to Italy, but others remigrated to

1911:

A major measure of the government occurred in 1889, when Brazilian citizenship was granted to all immigrants, but the act had little influence on their identity or assimilation process. Both the Italian newspapers in Brazil and the Italian government were uncomfortable with the assimilation of

716:

The census also revealed that the 458,281 foreign mothers of 12 or more years who lived in Brazil had 2,852,427 children, of whom 2,657,974 were born alive. Italian women had more children than any other female immigrant community in Brazil: 1,069,862 Brazilians were born to an Italian mother,

1821:

The structure of labor used on farms included the labor of Italian women and children. Keeping their Italian culture was also made more difficult: the Catholic churches and Italian cultural centers were far from farms. The immigrants who did not accept the standards imposed by landowners were

619:

Many Italians were naturalized Brazilian at the end of the 19th century, when the 'Great Naturalization' automatically granted citizenship to all the immigrants residing in Brazil prior to 15 November 1889 "unless they declared a desire to keep their original nationality within six months."

1915:

At first, especially in rural Southern Brazil, Italians tended to marry only other Italians. Over time and with the decrease of more immigrants arriving, in Southern Brazil they started to integrate themselves with Brazilians. About Italians in Santa Catarina, the Italian consul asserted:

1331:

and keep their culture and traditions. With time, however, they would become thoroughly integrated economically and culturally into the larger society. In any case, Italian immigration to southern Brazil was very important to the economic development and the culture of the region.

1683:

were two of the main coffee plantation centers. Both were respectively in the North-Central and Northeastern regions of São Paulo state, a zone known by its hot temperature and a fertile soil in which some of the richest coffee farms were and attracted most immigrants arriving in

5032:"IBGE - Séries Estatísticas & Séries Históricas - atividade industrial - indústrias extrativa e de transformação - séries históricas e encerradas - inquéritos e Censos industriais - Estabelecimentos industriais nas datas dos Inquéritos Industriais e do Censo 1920 - 1907-1920" 1790:

and other theories were used to explain that the European workers were superior to the native workers. In consequence, passages were offered to Europeans (the so-called "subsidized immigration"), mostly to Italians, so that they could come to Brazil and work on the plantations.

3173:

The Italian is more heard in São Paulo than in Turin, Milan or Naples, because while between us the dialects are spoken, in São Paulo all dialects merge under the Venetians' and Toscans' influx, who are the majority, and the natives adopted the Italian as an official language.

3212:

have influenced the Portuguese spoken in some areas of Brazil. Italian was so widespread in São Paulo that the Portuguese traveler Sousa Pinto said that he could not speak with cart drivers in Portuguese because they all spoke Italian dialects and gesticulated as Neapolitans.

3475:

Just like Polignano a Mare, Brás eventually had a church devoted to St. Vito. An association was formed and hosted the first festival in June 1919. As São Paulo grew, so did the Italian community and St. Vito Festival. An estimated 140,000 people were expected to attend the

2747:

From the early 20th century, the agrarian crisis started to affect Southern Italy as well, and many people immigrated to Brazil, mostly to the state of São Paulo, since it needed workers to embrace the coffee plantations. The Italian immigrants in São Paulo came from mostly

476: 2702:

In the first decades, the vast majority of the immigrants came from the North. Since Southern Brazil received most of the early settlers, the vast majority of its immigrants came from the extreme North of Italy, mainly from Veneto and particularly from the provinces of

3467:

is also a time when the Italian community in São Paulo gathers to party and eat traditional food. Other important Italian celebrations in São Paulo are Our Lady of Casaluce, also in Brás (in May), Our Lady of Achiropita, in Bela Vista (August), and St. Gennaro, in

3216:

The Italian influence on Portuguese spoken in São Paulo is no longer as great as before, but the accent of the city's inhabitants still has some traces of the Italian accents common in the beginning of the 20th century like the intonation and such expressions as

1315:

Italians established many vineyards in the region. The wine produced in those areas of Italian colonization in southern Brazil is much appreciated within the country, but little is available for export. In 1875, the first Italian colonies were established in

126:(by ancestry, about 15% of the total Brazilian population) However, it is important to note that there are no official numbers of how many Brazilians have Italian ancestry, as the national census does not ask the ancestry of the Brazilian people since 1940. 544:

the slave system still endured for almost four decades. Thus, Brazilian landowners claimed that such migrants were or would soon become indispensable for Brazilian agriculture. They would soon win the argument, and mass migration would begin in earnest.

1850:

began arriving in greater numbers, but soon, Spain also started to create barriers for further immigration of Spaniards to coffee farms in Brazil. The continuing problem of lack of labor in the farms was, then, temporarily resolved with the arrival of

631:

issued in 1902 the Prinetti Decree forbidding subsidized immigration to Brazil. In consequence, the number of Italian immigrants in Brazil fell drastically in the beginning of the 20th century, but the wave of Italian immigration continued until 1920.

1985:. Bad conditions in rural areas made thousands of Italians move there. Most of them became laborers and participated actively in the industrialization of Brazil in the early 20th century. Others became investors, bankers and industrialists, such as 494:

government after the failure of Italian unification movements in 1848 and 1861. Although very small in numbers, the well-educated and revolutionary group of emigrants left a deep mark where they settled. In Brazil, the most famous Italian was then

717:

followed by 524,940 who were born to a Portuguese mother, 436,305 to a Spanish mother and 171,790 to a Japanese mother. The 6,809,772 Brazilian-born mothers of 12 or more years had 38,716,508 children, of whom 35,777,402 were born alive.

1904:

more recent than German immigration, the Italian group tended to be more easily assimilated due to the Latin cultural link. In the 1950 Census, the number of people in Rio Grande do Sul who reported to speak Italian dropped to 190,376.

5198: 2743:

also sent many immigrants to the South of Brazil. Of the immigrants in Rio Grande do Sul, 54% came from the Veneto, 33% from Lombardy, 7% from Trentino, 4.5% from Friuli-Venezia Giulia and only 1.5% from other parts of Italy.

1342:

Imagine you travel eight thousand nautic miles, across the Mediterranean and the Atlantic and suddenly find yourself in Italy. That's São Paulo. It seems paradoxical, but it is a reality, because São Paulo is an Italian city.

1896:

immigrants born in Italy soon became assimilated in the new country. Even in Southern Brazil, where most of the Italians were living in isolated rural communities, with little contact with Brazilians, which kept the Italian

383:

Although they were victims of some prejudice in the first decades and in spite of the persecution during World War II, Brazilians of Italian descent managed to integrate and assimilate seamlessly into the Brazilian society.

1834:

nationalities came to São Paulo, and 695,000 left the state, or 45% of the total. The high numbers of Italians asking the Italian consulate a passage to leave Brazil was so significant that in 1907, most Italian funds for

1920:

The marriage between an Italian man and a Brazilian woman, between an Italian woman and a Brazilian man is very common, and it would be even more frequent if the majority of the Italians were not living segregated on the

3278:(born João Rubinato), the son of Italians immigrants. His songs translated the life of the Italian neighborhoods in São Paulo and merged São Paulo dialect with samba, which latter made him known as the "people's poet." 1925:

There is little information about this trend, but it was noticed a large process of integration since World War I. However, some more closed members of the Italian community saw this integration process as negative.

539:: 1907. Most migrants came to the State of São Paulo, and its main port, the entry gate of Brazil, was Santos. Thus, most migrants from Italy, regardless of their final destination in Brazil, entered through Santos. 881:

against the inclusion of questions about it in the Census). The research interviewed about 90,000 people in six metropolitan regions (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre, Belo Horizonte, Salvador, and Recife).

1304:. The immigrants were predominantly from Veneto, in northern Italy. After five years, in 1880, the great numbers of Italian immigrants arriving caused the Brazilian government to create another Italian colony, 3233:. Other characteristic is the difficulty to speak Portuguese in plural, saying plural words as they were singulars. The lexical influence of Italian on Brazilian Portuguese, however, has remained quite small. 1144:

More recently, third- and fourth-generation Italians have migrated to other areas and so people of Italian descent can be found in Brazilian regions in which the immigrants had never settled, such as in the

3511:

Aside from the typical Italian cuisine like pizza, pasta, risotto, panettone, milanesa, polenta, calzone, and ossobuco, Italians helped to create new dishes that today are typically considered Brazilian.

1945:

After some years working in coffee plantations, some immigrants earned enough money to buy their own land and become farmers themselves. Others left the rural areas and moved to cities, mainly São Paulo,

8018: 387:

Many Brazilian politicians, artists, footballers, models, and personalities are or were of Italian descent. Italian-Brazilians have been state governors, representatives, mayors and ambassadors. Four

329:, while there were around 450,000 Italian citizens in Brazil. Brazilian culture has significant connections to Italian culture in terms of language, customs, and traditions. Brazil is also a strongly 499:(died 1830). However, the mass Italian immigration tide that would only be second to the Portuguese and German migrant movements in shaping modern Brazilian culture started only after the 1848-1871 4758:"Recenseamento do Brazil. Realizado em 1 de Setembro de 1920. População (5a parte, tomo 2). População do Brazil, por Estados e municipios, segundo o sexo, a nacionalidade, a idade e as profissões" 3463:

region of Southern Italy. Italian immigrants from Apulia moved in great numbers to the Brás neighborhood of São Paulo in the late 19th century, bringing with them a devotion to Saint Vito. The

1782:

The end of slavery made most former slaves left the plantations and so there was a labour shortage on coffee plantations. Moreover, "natural inequality of human beings", "hierarchy of races",

4955: 4811:"Recenseamento do Brazil. Realizado em 1 de Setembro de 1920. População (1a parte). População do Brazil por Estados, municipios e districtos, segundo o sexo, o estado civil e a nacionalidade" 1938:

Historically, Italians have been divided into two groups in Brazil. Those in Southern Brazil lived in rural colonies in contact with mostly other people of Italian descent. However, those in

5031: 1908:

exception of Portuguese). Thus, the prohibition of speaking Italian, German, and Japanese during World War II was not so serious to the Italian community as it was to the other two groups.

1814:) and so workers had almost no legal protection. Contracts signed by the immigrants could easily be violated by the Brazilian landowners who were accustomed to dealing with African slaves. 1137:

Internal migration made many second- and third-generation Italians move to other areas. In the early 20th century, many rural Italian workers from Rio Grande do Sul migrated to the west of

4042: 3900: 5155:"Pelos Cantos da Cidade: Música Popular em São Paulo na Passagem do Século XIX ao XX. Fênix – Revista de História e Estudos Culturais; January-February-March 2006; Vol. 3; Ano III; nº 1" 3713:

In 2019, 11,663 people with Italian nationality emigrated from Italy to Brazil according to the Italian World Report 2019, totaling 447,067 Italian citizens living in Brazil until 2019.

8025: 3586:

announced a year of excellent fishing and excellent harvests. That episode occurred on 29 July, and for this reason that day is remembered with a simple meal represented by gnocchi.

435:. However, that changed in 1994 by a new constitutional amendment. After the changes, over half a million Italian-Brazilians have requested recognition of their Italian citizenship. 8004: 4181: 1779:

in Italy, banning subsidized immigration to Brazil. The Prinetti Decree was issued because of the commotion in the Italian press about the poverty faced by most Italians in Brazil.

623:

During the end of the 19th century, denouncement of bad conditions in Brazil increased in the press. Reacting to the public clamor and many proved cases of mistreatment of Italian

5301:[The Nationalization of Education in the Contested, Center-West of Santa Catarina in the First Half of the 20th Century] (in Portuguese). revistas.udesc.br. pp. 85–86 8011: 1430:

In Southern Brazil, the Italian immigrants were living in relatively well-developed colonies, but in Southeastern Brazil they were living in semislavery conditions in the coffee

3236:

A similar phenomenon occurred in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul but encompassing almost exclusively those of Italian origin. On the other hand, is a different phenomenon:

4828: 4775: 4207: 3264:

The Italian influence in Brazil affects also music with traditional Italian songs and the merging with other Brazilians music styles. One of the main results of the fusion is

1970:, street signs in Italian were common, a large commercial and services sector owned by Italian Brazilians developed, and more than 60% of the population had Italian surnames. 462:

and other countries in South America. According to Italian Senator Edoardo Pollastri, over half-a-million Brazilians are waiting to have their Italian citizenship recognized.

8037: 2029: 7834: 376:

were between the first to settle in colonial Brazil since the first half of the 16th century, and so, because of the many descendants of Italians who emigrated there from

5220: 6376: 4810: 616:

The first groups of Italians arrived in 1875, but the boom of Italian immigration in Brazil happened between 1880 and 1900, when almost one million Italians arrived.

8045: 6737: 1871:

were Italians). In Rio de Janeiro, many the factory workers were Italians. In São Paulo, those workers established themselves in the center of the city, living in

3701: 267:, or more recent Italian-born people who've settled in Brazil. Italian Brazilians are the largest number of people with full or partial Italian ancestry outside 1423:

plantation for a minimum period of time. However, the situation was not easy. Many Brazilian farmers were used to command slaves and treated the immigrants as

1118:. In consequence, São Paulo has more people with Italian ancestry than any region of Italy itself. The rest went mostly to the states of Rio Grande do Sul and 1887:

changed their social status as they diversified their field of work, leaving the poor conditions of their parents and often becoming part of the local elite.

325:

in Brazil, in 2013, reported the number of 32 million descendants of Italian immigrants in Brazil (about 15% of the population), half of them in the state of

5106: 4607: 4757: 4392: 3921: 3994: 7372: 5453: 1879:, which is until today linked to its Italian past. Other Italians became traders, mostly itinerant traders, selling their products in different regions. 5154: 5053: 4293:

DEL BOCA, Daniela; VENTURINI, Alessandra. Italian Migration. Working paper in CHILD Centre for Household, Income, Labor and Demographic Economics. 2001

5435: 487:

man without a clear national identity but with strong attachments to his town or village or region of birth, to which half of all migrants returned."

1900:

family structure, and therefore the father chose the wife or husband for their children, giving preference to Italians, assimilation was also quick.

1771:

In 1902, the Italian immigration to Brazil started to decline. From 1903 to 1920, only 306,652 Italians immigrated to Brazil, compared to 953,453 to

4530: 3287:, which that has a Brazilian rhythm and theme but (mostly) Italian lyrics. Below, the lyrics of this song have the parts in (mangled) Portuguese in 3874: 4261:

Generations. Family Tree plus v.8,5. Software to design genealogical trees. Additional information of groups of immigrants that settled in the US.

4642: 888: 651:. About 30% emigrated from Veneto. On the other hand, in the 20th century, southern Italians predominated in Brazil, coming from the regions of 275:

being the most populous city with Italian ancestry in the world. Nowadays, it is possible to find millions of descendants of Italians, from the

6369: 4184:[Pollastri confirms that the Italian Parliament is considering restrictions on citizenship by right of blood in the third generation]. 5950: 1958:. A very few became very rich in the process and attracted more Italian immigrants. In the early 20th century, São Paulo became known as the 8184: 6694: 4863: 4832: 4779: 3962: 1930:

were often treated as wild people, and conflicts between Italians and Indians for the occupation of lands in Southern Brazil were common.

699:, where members of the Italian colony in the city were very happy and proud about his visit, thus achieving some of the visit's purposes. 7819: 6354: 3574:

the desire for new gifts. It is also customary to leave a banknote or coin under the plate to attract luck and prosperity to the dinner.

531: 6702: 5825: 4881: 4588: 4556: 4276: 3797: 1380:

Some of the immigrants settled in the colonies in Southern Brazil. However, most of them settled in Southeastern Brazil (mainly in the

4994: 6362: 6037: 5388: 5127: 4363: 4215: 6918: 6727: 6717: 6707: 2769: 1875:(degraded multifamily row houses). The agglomerations of Italians in cities gave birth to typically Italian neighborhoods, such as 6860: 5087: 1858: 7328: 7096: 6765: 5493: 4295: 7523: 7478: 6887: 6785: 6712: 6329: 6042: 5228: 3455:

festivals in São Paulo and celebrates Saint Vito, a Christian martyr who was killed in June 303 AD who is the patron saint of

7844: 7122: 6775: 6722: 5945: 4347: 4246: 3949: 5797: 5651: 5475: 3153: 1434:. Many rebellions against Brazilian farmers occurred, and public denouncements caused great commotion in Italy, forcing the 1301: 7513: 7402: 6770: 6095: 6939: 5607: 5279: 2699:. Brazil is the only American country with a large Italian community in which Southern Italian immigrants are a minority. 2455: 8189: 7621: 6780: 6247: 6178: 5803: 4024: 3777: 1327:

In the colonies of southern Brazil, Italian immigrants at first stuck to themselves, where they could speak their native

4060: 6882: 6215: 1989:, whose family became the richest industrialists in São Paulo byholding of more than 200 industries and businesses. In 6870: 4182:"Pollastri confirma que o Parlamento italiano estuda restrições à cidadania por direito de sangue na terceira geração" 6908: 5779: 5751: 5737: 5723: 5709: 3941: 17: 7705: 7463: 5673: 3830: 2773: 4615: 3469: 2045: 2017: 1876: 1545: 403:(third of the series of generals who presided over Brazil during the military regime, also of Basque descent) and 7397: 6586: 3695: 1966:

had the second-highest population of people with Italian ancestry in the world at this time, after only Rome. In

605:

The Brazilian government, with or following the Emperor's support, had created the first colonies of immigrants (

2896: 7872: 7456: 7283: 7015: 6855: 6564: 6280: 6232: 6116: 5818: 4002: 7985: 5461: 3256:, even among the monolingual Portuguese-speaking population, the Italian-influenced accent is fairly typical. 1846:

The output of immigrants concerned Brazilian landowners, who constantly complained about the lack of workers.

8072: 8067: 7980: 7662: 7357: 6992: 6581: 6007: 5173: 4933: 4747:

Relatório Apresentado pela Comissão de Estatística ao Exmo. Presidente da Província de São Paulo, 1888, p. 24

3762: 3554:(panettone with chocolate chips) and many other recipes were created or influenced by the Italian community. 2071: 2057: 1847: 400: 5512:"¿Por qué los argentinos comen ñoquis el 29 de cada mes y qué tiene que ver eso con los empleados públicos?" 5109:[History of Immigration in Brazil: Italians] (in Portuguese). Dias Marques Advocacia. Archived from 5088:"IBGE - Brasil: 500 anos de povoamento - território brasileiro e povoamento - italianos - regiões de origem" 5061: 368:

book on Italian emigration between 1876 and 1976, pinpointed that Italians were present in Brasil since the

7932: 7720: 7569: 7362: 6913: 6421: 6392: 6303: 6111: 2075: 1973:

Italian immigrants were very important to the development of many big cities in Brazil, such as São Paulo,

1927: 6384: 5299:"A Nacionalização do Ensino no Contestado, Centro-Oeste de Santa Catarina na Primeira Metade do Século XX" 3538:(a sandwich made of mortadella sausage, Provolone cheese, sourdough bread, mayonnaise and Dijon mustard), 7809: 7616: 7589: 7579: 7564: 7483: 7321: 5049: 4534: 1150: 598: 447: 399:(elected vice-president under Fernando Collor, whom he eventually replaced as the latter was impeached), 299: 6640: 4125: 3878: 3807: 8142: 7927: 7757: 7672: 7657: 5629: 5298: 4108: 3802: 3722: 7173: 5130:[Italians: A major portion came from Veneto] (in Portuguese). riogrande.com.br. Archived from 4639: 3561:("gnocchi of 29") defines the widespread custom in some South American countries of eating a plate of 2041: 7998: 7952: 7942: 7682: 7606: 7493: 7473: 7392: 5875: 5811: 3577:

The tradition of serving gnocchi on the 29th of each month stems from a legend based on the story of

1997: 1986: 713:

followed by Portuguese with 735,929 children, Spanish with 340,479 and German with 159,809 children.

419:"To the Province of S. Paulo, in Brazil. Immigrants: read these hints before leaving. S. Paulo, 1886" 5585: 1320:, which lies immediately to the north of Rio Grande do Sul. The colonies gave rise to towns such as 7743: 7503: 7439: 7382: 7235: 6892: 6760: 5012: 2765: 1939: 1292:

The first colonies to be populated by Italians were created in the highlands of Rio Grande do Sul (

392: 380:' times until 1860, the number of Brazilians with Italian roots should be increased to 35 million. 359:

family arrived in Brazil in 1560. Today this is the largest family in Brazil by a common ancestor.

276: 140: 5110: 8050: 7829: 7137: 6965: 6923: 6684: 2049: 1401: 136: 6623: 3969: 2443: 7839: 7789: 7667: 7611: 7574: 7554: 7549: 7314: 7263: 6987: 6287: 5890: 5436:"G1 - Sotaque da Mooca pode virar patrimônio histórico imaterial de SP - notícias em São Paulo" 4979: 3436: 2061: 1526:

In 1901, 90% of industrial workers and 80% of construction workers in São Paulo were Italians.

1317: 1138: 404: 7127: 5262: 4934:"L'operosità italiana all'estero. Le industrie riunite F. Matarazzo, in San Paulo del Brasile" 4711: 4676: 4659: 4486: 4137: 3859:

Enciclopédia de Línguas do Brasil - Línguas de Imigração Européia - Talian (Vêneto Brasileiro)

7877: 7804: 7652: 7584: 7451: 7278: 7273: 7178: 7132: 6975: 6795: 6027: 5511: 4956:"multiplycontent.com - This website is for sale! - multiplycontent Resources and Information" 4728: 4509: 4340:

Italic Identity in Pluralistic Contexts: Toward the Development of Intercultural Competencies

4335: 4109:"Migração - Cidadania Italiana - Dupla Cidadania - Encontro analisa imigração italiana em MG" 3792: 2886: 2740: 1942:, the most populated region of the country, integrated into Brazilian society quite quickly. 1818:

regions. If the immigrants became sick, they would take hours to reach the nearest hospital.

1439: 183: 5559: 5497: 4911: 4889: 4614:(in Italian). consultanazionaleemigrazione.it. October 2003. pp. 11, 19. Archived from 4563: 4273: 4230: 3934:

A game of mirrors: the changing face of ethno-racial constructs and language in the Americas

1381: 1115: 586: 93: 7962: 7907: 7779: 7774: 7429: 7153: 7106: 7070: 6790: 6745: 6674: 6669: 6661: 6426: 5967: 5870: 5365: 5321: 4090: 3782: 3610: 3199: 2025: 1274: 432: 391:

were of Italian descent (but none of the first three directly elected to such a position):

377: 287: 154: 5833: 5417: 1685: 1389: 594: 415: 326: 295: 8: 7947: 7922: 7814: 7794: 7735: 7626: 7596: 7559: 7446: 7412: 7214: 7183: 7158: 7055: 6997: 6970: 6955: 6865: 6750: 6647: 6618: 6275: 6190: 6165: 6138: 6121: 6085: 6017: 6012: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5900: 5400: 5131: 4694:"IMIGRANTES ITALIANOS: Um portal de ajuda na pesquisa da origem dos ancestrais italianos" 3858: 3737: 3534: 3529: 2728: 2724: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 1827: 1419:, as a rural immigrant was called, had to sign a contract with the farmer to work in the 1262: 680: 388: 248: 199: 64: 4640:

COLLI, Antonello. Italiani in Brasile, 36 milioni di oriundi. L'Italia nel'Mondo Website

2459: 8062: 7990: 7972: 7937: 7887: 7769: 7715: 7687: 7537: 7518: 7290: 7210: 7204: 7188: 7101: 6850: 6755: 6652: 6257: 6143: 6131: 6054: 6047: 5977: 5925: 3732: 3209: 2761: 2720: 1852: 1752: 1435: 1424: 496: 490:

In the 19th century, many Italians fled the political persecutions in Italy led by the

209: 166: 6153: 3594: 3569:, on the 29th of each month. The custom is widespread especially in the states of the 1266: 8115: 8108: 7902: 7864: 7725: 7640: 7498: 7468: 7434: 7349: 7341: 7225: 7075: 7065: 6980: 6877: 6679: 6205: 6158: 6148: 6090: 6080: 6075: 6059: 6032: 6022: 6002: 5962: 5940: 5930: 5895: 5880: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5775: 5761: 5747: 5733: 5719: 5705: 5337: 5165: 4970: 4582: 4412: 4408: 4343: 4292: 4242: 4239:

Italian Workers of the World: Labor Migration and the Formation of Multiethnic States

3945: 3937: 3767: 3757: 3752: 3742: 3727: 3245: 1990: 1867:

Brazilian cities. Many Italians worked in factories (in 1901, 81% of the São Paulo's

1270: 1158: 580: 373: 291: 7710: 1996:

Italians and their descendants were also quick to organize themselves and establish

1955: 1811: 1680: 1529: 1397: 1282: 1278: 1130: 7897: 7892: 7799: 7692: 7677: 7377: 7295: 7230: 7220: 7163: 7080: 7060: 7030: 6824: 6809: 6479: 6444: 6198: 6173: 6126: 5997: 5957: 5841: 4312: 3787: 3772: 3747: 3456: 3275: 3249: 3203: 2757: 1783: 1328: 1297: 1154: 508: 346: 334: 279: 264: 240: 162: 50: 7849: 6308: 5029: 3294: 1962:, because 31% of its inhabitants were of Italian nationality in 1900. The city of 427:

is a Brazilian citizen by birthright. In addition, many born in Italy have become

8124: 8057: 7957: 7917: 7854: 7784: 7367: 7268: 6960: 6533: 6518: 6185: 5885: 5730:

Italianos no Brasil: contribuições na literatura e nas ciências, séculos XIX e XX

5479: 5245: 4646: 4299: 4280: 3933: 3578: 3495:, a Brazilian cheese developed by the Italian immigrant Mario Silvestrini in 1911 3452: 1776: 684: 491: 443: 431:

citizens after they settled in Brazil. The Brazilian government used to prohibit

5537: 3614: 3241: 3192: 1365: 1293: 1253: 7697: 7508: 6465: 6345: 6242: 6210: 5972: 5387:

Zink Bolognini, Carmen; de Oliveira, Ênio; Hashiguti, Simone (September 2005).

5223:[Italian Immigration in South America (Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil)] 4234: 4028: 3628: 3283: 3237: 2916: 2696: 2688: 2620: 1982: 1868: 688: 644: 572: 548: 536: 451: 428: 364: 158: 8178: 8156: 8129: 7882: 7601: 6237: 6225: 6220: 5341: 5169: 4068: 3570: 3179: 2692: 2676: 1305: 1247: 576: 439: 396: 314:

their children were, at most, just over 3.8% of Brazil's population in 1940.

188: 5399:(in Portuguese). Institute of Language Studies (IEL), Brazil. Archived from 4423:(in Portuguese) (55). Brazilian Centre for Analysis and Planning (CEBRAP): 3 2067: 1951: 1810:(the first concrete labour laws appeared only in the 1930s, under President 1676: 8168: 7424: 6629: 6324: 5765: 5267: 5250: 5221:"Immigrazione Italiana nell'America del Sud (Argentina, Uruguay e Brasile)" 4733: 4716: 4681: 4664: 4514: 4491: 3679: 3253: 3026: 2451: 1974: 1835: 1393: 1358: 1286: 1119: 555:

At the end of the 19th century, the Brazilian government was influenced by

500: 283: 8077: 3431: 2679:. The city was established by Italian immigrants, mostly farmers from the 1963: 1374: 692: 635:

Over half of the Italian immigrants came from northern Italian regions of

454:. Italian citizens residing in Brazil elect representatives together with 272: 99: 7912: 5336:(2). São Paulo: Brazilian Society for the Advancement of Science: 42–46. 4693: 4126:

Immigrazione Italiana nell’America del Sud (Argentina, Uruguay e Brasile)

3440: 2671: 2009: 1897: 1807: 1806:(large-scale farms), formerly employing slaves. In Brazil, there were no 1535: 369: 333:

country as cuisine, fashion and lifestyle has been sharply influenced by

330: 6486: 1321: 363:

According to the Italian government, there are 31 million Brazilians of

7824: 7387: 6539: 6415: 2926: 2640: 1803: 1787: 1431: 788:

Women over 12 years old who had offspring in Brazil and their children,

664: 523: 356: 306: 228: 6431: 5280:"Full text of "Nell' America meridionale (Brasile-Uruguay-Argentina)"" 4487:

Do Outro Lado do Atlântico - Um Século de Imigração Italiana no Brasil

3875:"Personalidades da comunidade italiana recebem o troféu "Loba Romana"" 2078:. The club was founded by Italians immigrants in São Paulo in 1914 as 1872: 1544:. Lonis-Albert Gaffrée, a French priest in São Paulo (1911). Photo of 1242: 8082: 6635: 5246:

Do outro lado do Atlântico: um século de imigração italiana no Brasil

5056:[Ethnic and Social Origins of Entrepreneurship in São Paulo] 4510:

Do outro lado do Atlântico: um século de imigração italiana no Brasil

3624: 3582: 1772: 1534:

In the new neighborhoods follow up to infinite Italians houses, with

1261:

The main areas of Italian settlement in Brazil were the Southern and

624: 567: 455: 6505: 5674:"Rapporto Italiano Nel Mondo 2019 : Diaspora italiana in cifre" 4364:"Emigrazione italiana in Brasile per regione di origine (1876-1920)" 3831:"Rapporto Italiano Nel Mondo 2019 : Diaspora italiana in cifre" 3187: 1445: 1353: 7488: 6459: 3539: 3505: 3492: 3477: 3464: 3132: 3120: 3083: 3073: 3063: 3040:

Main group of Italians immigrants living in São Paulo State (1936)

3016: 2946: 2866: 2856: 2846: 2768:, leaving their homelands, which were lost to Italy and annexed to 2753: 2736: 2732: 2649: 2556: 2536: 2525: 2516: 2438: 2037: 1978: 1967: 1947: 1794: 1412: 1133:. By 1902, 52% percent of the city's population was born in Italy. 652: 640: 556: 480: 424: 260: 224: 7306: 5496:(in Portuguese). caras.uol.com.br. 13 January 2009. Archived from 5386: 4415:[Out of focus: diversity and ethnic identities in Brazil] 3678:

Early introduction of more advanced low-scale farming techniques (

8087: 6545: 6495: 6452: 4208:"Roteiro para a obtenção do reconhecimento da cidadania Italiana" 3562: 3202:

as their native language. During World War II, the public use of

3093: 3006: 2906: 2876: 2629: 2600: 2576: 2024:(for the whole city of São Paulo), magazines, radio stations and 1840: 1763: 1539: 1146: 656: 648: 459: 318: 204: 6437: 5910: 4336:"VI. Italian Citizenship, Nationality Law and Italic Identities" 3141: 1125: 723:

Brazilians who were born to a foreign-born father (1940 Census)

440:

an individual with an Italian parent is automatically recognized

7337: 6396: 3501: 3460: 3299: 3148: 3136: 3125: 3053: 2996: 2976: 2966: 2956: 2936: 2836: 2749: 2680: 2609: 2580: 2565: 2545: 2505: 2496: 1775:

and 3,581,322 to the United States. This was mainly due to the

1420: 668: 660: 636: 83: 5391:[Foreign Languages in Brazil: History and Narratives] 3302:. The feast in honor of the Lady happens in August since 1926. 3240:, which emerged mostly in the northeastern part of the state ( 609:) in the early 19th century. The colonies were established in 302:, have as much as 95% of their population of Italian descent. 6472: 3566: 2986: 2823:

Regional origins of Italian immigrants to Brazil (1870-1959)

2589: 1114:

Among all Italians who immigrated to Brazil, 70% went to the

696: 628: 610: 351: 322: 268: 256: 76: 4210:[Guideline for recognition of Italian citizenship]. 4091:"Notizie d'Italia - Cavalcanti é a maior família brasileira" 3252:

and Portuguese. In Southern Brazilian rural areas marked by

1438:

to issue the Prinetti Decree, which established barriers to

887:

Arrival of Italian immigrants to Brazil by periods (source:

562: 4712:

Fazer a América: a imigração em massa para a América Latina

4413:"Fora de foco: diversidade e identidades étnicas no Brasil" 4387: 4385: 4383: 4381: 3605: 3488: 3107:

Main groups of Italians in some neighborhoods in São Paulo

475: 310: 309:

have Italian ancestry, as the national census conducted by

5397:

Language and Literacy in Focus: Teaching Foreign Languages

5213: 3916: 3914: 613:

areas of the country, being settled by European families.

5791: 4677:

Estados autoritários e totalitários e suas representações

4481: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4467: 3936:. Thomas M. Stephens. University Press of America, 2003. 5324:[Languages of Brazil - Languages of Immigrants] 5320:

Bolognini, Carmen Zink; Payer, Maria Onice (June 2005).

5030:

IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística.

4465: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4378: 3877:. Revista digital "Oriundi". 7 June 2013. Archived from 3447:(New Milan). There are five other sanctuaries in Brazil. 5227:(in Italian). immigrazione-altoadige.ne. Archived from 3911: 3708: 3702:

Istituto Italo-Brasiliano Biculturale Fondazione Torino

1993:, 42% of the industrial companies have Italians roots. 1542:, decorations in stucco and colorful symbolic figurines 5389:"Línguas estrangeiras no Brasil: História e histórias" 4441:

IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística

679:

In 1924, Umberto, Prince of Piedmont (the future King

470: 8140: 4444: 4274:

IBGE. Brasil 500 anos - Italianos - Regiões de Origem

4222: 2130:

Owners of 204 largest industries in São Paulo (1962)

1104: 5456:[Adoniran Barbosa, the Poet of the People]. 1396:, and in a smaller proportion also in the States of 1348:

Pietro Belli, Italian journalist in São Paulo (1925)

395:(Senate president who served as interim president), 5579: 5577: 5360: 5358: 4743: 4741: 4152: 2756:. After the end of World War II, a small number of 2687:Most of the Italian immigrants to Brazil came from 5608:"Ñoquis del 29: origen de una tradición milenaria" 5054:"Origens Étnicas e Sociais do Empresário Paulista" 4853:Censo Demográfico 1940, pt. XVII, t. 1, SP, p. 102 4800:Censo Demográfico 1940, pt. XVII, t. 1, SP, p. 103 4403: 4401: 1862:Italian immigrants arriving in São Paulo (c. 1890) 1324:, and later also spread further north, to Paraná. 966:Estimated Italian population (by Giorgio Mortara) 552:region, where there were vast coffee plantations. 4533:(in Portuguese). radiobras.gov.br. Archived from 4327: 4229:Gabaccia, Donna R.; Ottanelli, Fraser M. (2001). 4228: 4175: 4173: 1758: 1257:A typically Venetian community in Southern Brazil 768:Syria- Lebanon- Palestine- Iraq - Middle-Eastern 674: 8176: 5794:, a site for descendants from Italians in Brazil 5574: 5355: 4738: 3443:. The city was founded by Italian immigrants as 3198:Most Brazilians with Italian ancestry now speak 2439:Characteristics of Italian immigration in Brazil 1755:, Italian descendants are 5% of the population. 1388:. Most coffee plantations were in the States of 687:, which made it impossible for Umberto to reach 340: 56: 4398: 4269: 4267: 3598:The Italian-Brazilian Benvenutti family in 1928 3451:St. Vito Festival is one of the most important 3161: 1798:Italian students in a rural school of São Paulo 518: 5319: 5162:Fênix: Revista de História e Estudos Culturais 4992: 4963:images.paulocel29.multiply.multiplycontent.com 4602: 4600: 4598: 4170: 2052:and the great clubs (which had the same name) 7322: 6370: 5819: 5758:Cent'anni di emigrazione italiana (1876–1976) 5107:"Histórico da Imigração no Brasil: Italianos" 4155:Cent'anni di emigrazione italiana (1876–1976) 3389:But pay attention to the sharks, do you hear 2048:(old worker quarter from city of São Paulo), 1688:, including Italians, between 1901 and 1940. 42: 5122: 5120: 4264: 2715:(24%). In Rio Grande do Sul, many came from 2004:), hospitals, schools (such as the Istituto 527:Italians getting into a ship to Brazil, 1910 5652:"Gli italianismi nel portoghese brasiliano" 5322:"Línguas do Brasil - Línguas de Imigrantes" 5048: 4595: 4407: 4241:. University of Illinois Press. p. 2. 3825: 3823: 3291:and the parts in Italian in a normal font: 1802:Those immigrants were employed in enormous 7329: 7315: 6377: 6363: 5826: 5812: 4660:Italianos no Brasil: "andiamo in 'Merica-" 4633: 4524: 4522: 4017: 3798:List of Portuguese words of Italian origin 3550:(literally Calabrian and Tuscan sausage), 3268:, a samba with strong Italians influence. 2782:Italian immigration to Brazil (1870-1959) 2469:Italian immigration to Brazil (1876–1920) 1246:Wine production introduced by Italians in 1094:.* Comissariato Generale dell'Emigrazione 305:There are no official numbers of how many 298:. Small southern Brazilian towns, such as 5128:"Italianos: A maior parte veio do Vêneto" 5117: 4531:"A capital paulista tem sotaque italiano" 4503: 4501: 4499: 4338:. In Piero Bassetti; Paolo Janni (eds.). 4179: 4167:Constitutional amendment ECR-000.003-1994 4119: 3691:Italian international schools in Brazil: 3396:It has rained for a long time here, Gigi 647:, and from the central Italian region of 563:Beginning of Italian settlement in Brazil 423:According to the Brazilian Constitution, 3854: 3852: 3850: 3820: 3593: 3487: 3430: 3298:The Church of Our Lady of Achiropita in 3293: 3186: 2670: 2442: 2066: 1857: 1793: 1762: 1746: 1528: 1444: 1364: 1352: 1252: 1241: 1124: 707: 585: 566: 530: 522: 474: 414: 350: 5191: 4999:pro-memoria-de-campinas-sp.blogspot.com 4519: 4333: 4212:Consulate General of Italy in Sao Paulo 3387:Go frolicking there, deep into the sea 3375:La tua Gioconda ha paura di quest'onda 1883:and their shouting of street roguish." 1767:Italians on Brazilian coffee plantation 14: 8177: 6330:List of Italian-American neighborhoods 5146: 4587:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4496: 3869: 3867: 3206:, German, and Japanese was forbidden. 3182:, Italian traveler in São Paulo (1908) 1335: 1161:area, in the extreme North of Brazil. 1109: 535:A ship with Italian immigrants in the 27:Brazilians of Italian birth or descent 7310: 6358: 5807: 5296: 3995:"Italians - History of the Community" 3963:"Brazil - the Country and its People" 3847: 3419:Your Gioconda is afraid of this wave 2450:(1895) (Missing Naples). Painting by 5756:Favero, Luigi y Tassello, Graziano. 5704:. Editora Contexto. São Paulo, 2005 5263:Mérica, Mérica!: italianos no Brasil 5104: 4435: 3709:Current Italian emigration in Brazil 3682:, São Paulo and all Southern Brazil) 3426: 798:Number of females over 12 years old 255:) are Brazilians of full or partial 131:Regions with significant populations 8185:Brazilian people of Italian descent 7403:Sixth (New) Republic (1985–present) 7336: 5798:Italianisms in Brazilian Portuguese 5504: 5454:"Adoniran Barbosa, o Poeta do Povo" 4528: 3968:. www.brazil.org.uk. Archived from 3864: 3778:Italian immigration in Minas Gerais 3589: 2159:Brazilian (more than 3 generations) 547:An Agriculture Congress in 1878 in 471:Italian crisis in late 19th century 263:who emigrated to Brazil during the 24: 5694: 5630:"How to Say Goodbye in Portuguese" 5583: 5152: 4153:Favero, Luigi; Graziano Tassello. 3542:cheese, new types of sausage like 2735:, close to Veneto. The regions of 2666: 1237: 1167:Farms owned by a foreigner (1920) 1141:and then farther north to Paraná. 1105:Main Italian settlements in Brazil 790:by country of birth (1940 Census) 728:Main place of birth of the father 438:According to Italian legislation, 25: 8201: 7398:Military dictatorship (1964–1985) 6346:Italian colonies or protectorates 5785: 5478:. catupiry.com.br. Archived from 4610:[The Italians in Brazil] 4313:"Emigrazione Italiana in Brasile" 4180:Desiderio, Peron (18 June 2007). 2456:Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo 1449:Italian-Brazilian farmers in 1918 695:. Nevertheless, he was hosted at 8162: 8150: 7383:First (Old) Republic (1889–1930) 6386: 5909: 5835: 5774:. Studio Nobel. São Paulo, 1988 5744:Storia dell'emigrazione italiana 5085: 4882:"Italians in Mato Grosso do Sul" 3404:Laughing, laughing and laughing 3305: 2774:Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947 2080:Società Sportiva Palestra Italia 92: 82: 75: 5746:. Donzelli Editore. Roma, 2002 5666: 5644: 5622: 5600: 5552: 5530: 5486: 5468: 5460:(in Portuguese). Archived from 5446: 5428: 5410: 5380: 5366:"La lingua italiana in Brasile" 5313: 5290: 5272: 5255: 5238: 5098: 5079: 5060:(in Portuguese). Archived from 5042: 5023: 5005: 4986: 4948: 4926: 4904: 4874: 4856: 4847: 4821: 4803: 4794: 4768: 4750: 4729:Artes plásticas na Semana de 22 4721: 4704: 4686: 4669: 4652: 4549: 4356: 4305: 4286: 4255: 4214:(in Portuguese). Archived from 4200: 4188:(in Portuguese). insieme.com.br 4161: 4146: 4131: 4101: 4083: 4053: 4035: 3696:Scuola Italiana Eugenio Montale 3391:Understood, my Saint Benedict? 3310:Original in São Paulo's pidgin 2764:emigrated to Brazil during the 2267:Industries owned by an Italian 1890: 1411:Italians migrated to Brazil as 795:Country of birth of the mother 5562:(in Spanish). 29 November 2015 5476:"Laticínios Catupiry: History" 5201:(in Italian). 10 February 2014 4649:. Retrieved 10 September 2008. 4302:. Retrieved 10 September 2008. 4283:. Retrieved 10 September 2008. 4237:; Fraser M. Ottanelli (eds.). 3987: 3955: 3927: 3893: 3861:. Retrieved 11 September 2008. 3620:Wine production (in the South) 3524:(chicken with fried polenta), 3369:Quando il mare ti portava via 3345:Fa tempo che piove qua, Gigi, 3244:). Talian is a variant of the 1759:Decline of Italian immigration 1265:Regions, namely the states of 675:Prince Umberto's visit in 1924 571:A 19th-century house built by 410: 294:, with the majority living in 259:descent, whose ancestors were 13: 1: 5732:EDIPUCRS. Porto Alegre, 1999 5368:(in Italian). 27 January 2020 4025:"Nova Veneza (in Portuguese)" 3999:Milpovos.prefeitura.sp.gov.br 3813: 2316:Rio de Janeiro (city + state) 2058:Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras 1933: 958:Italian population in Brazil 702: 374:Genoese sailors and merchants 341:Italian immigration to Brazil 120: 112: 5050:Bresser-Pereira, Luiz Carlos 4995:"Pró-Memória de Campinas-SP" 4912:"Il Brasile dietro l'angolo" 3686: 3617:' salutation (all of Brazil) 3402:And you, without hearing me 3162:Italian influences in Brazil 2897:Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol 2044:of Italians Brazilians from 597:, 1893. Acervo municipal de 519:Brazilian need of immigrants 7: 7845:Water supply and sanitation 7393:Fourth Republic (1946–1964) 7368:Colonial Brazil (1500–1815) 4817:. Typ da Estatistica. 1926. 4764:. Typ da Estatistica. 1930. 3716: 3413:When the sea took you away 3381:Free translation to English 3281:One of the main example is 3248:with influences from other 3166: 2695:regions, and only 22% from 2530: 448:Italian Chamber of Deputies 10: 8206: 8190:Italian diaspora in Brazil 7373:United Kingdom (1815–1822) 6342:ancient Italian migrations 5772:Do outro lado do Atlântico 5610:(in Spanish). 29 July 2004 5017:imigrantesitalianos.com.br 4698:imigrantesitalianos.com.br 3952:. Retrieved on 2010-10-14. 3803:Italian language in Brazil 3671:as regards technology and 3483: 3411:That afternoon in Guarujá 3409:Do you remember, Gioconda 3307: 1369:Italian immigrants in the 886: 465: 425:anyone born in the country 344: 8102: 7971: 7863: 7765: 7756: 7734: 7648: 7639: 7627:President of the Republic 7545: 7536: 7420: 7411: 7348: 7256: 7197: 7146: 7115: 7089: 7048: 7039: 7023: 7014: 6948: 6932: 6901: 6843: 6834: 6817: 6808: 6736: 6693: 6660: 6612: 6605: 6573: 6556: 6526: 6517: 6407: 6403: 6338: 6317: 6296: 6268: 6104: 6068: 5918: 5907: 5848: 5728:Clemente, Elvo (et al.). 5718:. EDUSP. São Paulo, 2003 4978:Cite uses generic title ( 4608:"Gli Italiani in Brasile" 4298:26 September 2007 at the 3406:Of this unhappy one here 3106: 3039: 2822: 2781: 2659: 2468: 2266: 2129: 2088: 2030:Clube Atlético Votorantim 1843:or to the United States. 1408:and the southern states. 1371:Hospedaria dos Imigrantes 1357:Coffee plantation in the 1166: 957: 875: 787: 722: 223: 218: 178: 173: 167:various Italian languages 152: 147: 135: 130: 111: 106: 91: 73: 40: 7550:Administrative divisions 6619:American (United States) 6304:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus 5540:(in Spanish). 3 May 2012 5153:MORILA, Aílton Pereira. 4393:Brazilian Census of 1940 3922:Censo brasileiro de 1940 3808:Memória do Bixiga Museum 3259: 2766:Istrian-Dalmatian exodus 2167:Grandson of an immigrant 401:Emílio Garrastazu Médici 393:Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli 5199:"Il Giorno del Ricordo" 4993:J.M.Fantinatti (2006). 4645:3 February 2009 at the 3643:as regards gastronomy, 3528:(a steak prepared with 3415:And you called for me: 3359:Di questo infelice qui 3357:Ridere, ridere, ridere 3329:co os tubarone, ouviste 3313:Gioconda, piccina mia, 2660:Total : 1,243,633 2076:Estádio Palestra Itália 2050:Esporte Clube Juventude 2042:Clube Atlético Juventus 2006:Colégio Dante Alighieri 2000:societies (such as the 1855:immigrants, from 1908. 1626:Percentage of the city 1564:Percentage of the city 1465:Percentage of the city 1361:which employed Italians 7706:Science and technology 7388:Vargas Era (1930–1946) 7264:Demographics of Brazil 6393:Ancestry and ethnicity 5716:Os italianos no Brasil 5700:Bertonha, João Fábio. 5560:"El ñoquis de cada 29" 5297:Thomé, Nilson (2008). 5013:"Sobrenomes Italianos" 4334:Buckman, Kirk (2004). 3723:Brazil–Italy relations 3599: 3581:, a young doctor from 3496: 3448: 3437:Our Lady of Caravaggio 3362:Ti ricordi, Gioconda, 3349:Sotto la tua finestra 3303: 3195: 3176: 2684: 2463: 2083: 2062:Cruzeiro Esporte Clube 1923: 1863: 1799: 1768: 1549: 1450: 1377: 1362: 1345: 1258: 1250: 1134: 607:colônias de imigrantes 602: 583: 540: 528: 512: 483: 420: 405:Jair Messias Bolsonaro 360: 252: 244: 98:Italian Brazilians in 57: 43: 6641:Santa Bárbara d'Oeste 6340:local ethnic Italians 5760:. Cser. Roma, 1978. 3793:White Latin Americans 3597: 3491: 3434: 3297: 3190: 3171: 2887:Friuli-Venezia Giulia 2741:Friuli-Venezia Giulia 2674: 2446: 2070: 1918: 1861: 1797: 1766: 1747:Other parts of Brazil 1532: 1448: 1440:immigration to Brazil 1368: 1359:State of Minas Gerais 1356: 1340: 1256: 1245: 1128: 708:1940 Brazilian census 589: 570: 534: 526: 478: 418: 354: 219:Related ethnic groups 7524:World Heritage Sites 7457:Environmental issues 7430:Brazilian Antarctica 6096:United Arab Emirates 5494:"Linguiça calabresa" 5234:on 21 February 2011. 4892:on 14 September 2008 4342:. CRVP. p. 83. 4047:www.itamaraty.gov.br 4043:"República Italiana" 3905:www.itamaraty.gov.br 3901:"República Italiana" 3783:Demography of Brazil 3675:as regards the navy. 3611:Brazilian-Portuguese 3565:, a type of Italian 3385:Gioconda, my little 3200:Brazilian Portuguese 2215:Syrians and Lebanese 2026:association football 1960:City of the Italians 1692:Rio de Janeiro City 627:, the government of 479:A family of Italian 433:multiple citizenship 389:Presidents of Brazil 155:Brazilian Portuguese 8073:Syncretic Religions 7981:Freedom of religion 7663:Automotive industry 5586:"Los ñoquis del 29" 5113:on 10 October 2004. 5105:Seyferth, Giralda. 4621:on 12 February 2012 4279:30 May 2008 at the 4218:on 11 October 2007. 4140:Italianos no Brazil 3738:Italian Australians 3535:Mortadella sandwich 3530:Parmigiano-Reggiano 3520:, little rooster), 3394:It rains, it rains 2731:, in the region of 2448:Saudades de Nápoles 2151:Son of an immigrant 2064:in Belo Horizonte. 2056:, later renamed to 1693: 1616: 1554: 1455: 1425:indentured servants 1336:Southeastern Brazil 1110:Areas of settlement 803:Number of children 731:Number of children 681:Umberto II of Italy 407:(elected in 2018). 335:Italian immigration 37: 8033:Eastern Orthodoxy 8026:Ukrainian Catholic 7721:Telecommunications 7378:Empire (1822–1889) 7363:Indigenous peoples 6422:Indigenous peoples 6048:Sicilian Americans 5978:Dominican Republic 5742:Franzina, Emilio. 5584:Petryk, Norberto. 4409:Schwartzman, Simon 4031:on 19 August 2008. 4005:on 12 January 2009 3975:on 21 October 2014 3881:on 2 February 2014 3763:Italian Uruguayans 3753:Italian Colombians 3733:Italian Argentines 3663:as regards games, 3655:as regards sport, 3600: 3544:linguiça Calabresa 3522:frango com polenta 3516:(from the Italian 3497: 3449: 3400:Under your window 3364:Di quella sera in 3316:Vai brincar ali no 3304: 3196: 3191:Italian people in 2762:Dalmatian Italians 2685: 2464: 2084: 1864: 1848:Spanish immigrants 1800: 1769: 1753:Mato Grosso do Sul 1691: 1614: 1552: 1550: 1453: 1451: 1436:Italian government 1382:State of São Paulo 1378: 1363: 1259: 1251: 1135: 1129:Panoramic view of 1116:State of São Paulo 972:Italian estimates 603: 584: 541: 529: 484: 421: 361: 237:Italian Brazilians 36:Italian Brazilians 35: 8138: 8137: 8098: 8097: 8040: 8028: 8021: 8014: 8007: 8005:Armenian Catholic 7810:Income inequality 7752: 7751: 7635: 7634: 7622:Political parties 7617:National Congress 7580:Freedom of speech 7565:Foreign relations 7532: 7531: 7304: 7303: 7252: 7251: 7248: 7247: 7244: 7243: 7010: 7009: 7006: 7005: 6804: 6803: 6595: 6594: 6352: 6351: 5418:"Domínio LocaWeb" 5406:on 27 March 2012. 5332:(in Portuguese). 5330:Ciência e Cultura 5164:(in Portuguese). 4529:Pereira, Liésio. 4411:(November 1999). 4349:978-1-56518-208-0 4248:978-0-252-02659-1 4235:Donna R. Gabaccia 4113:italiaoggi.com.br 4095:italiaoggi.com.br 4071:on 7 October 2011 3950:978-0-7618-2638-5 3768:Italo-Venezuelans 3758:Italian Peruvians 3743:Italian Canadians 3728:Italian Americans 3526:Bife à parmegiana 3435:The Sanctuary of 3427:St. Vito Festival 3424: 3423: 3373:Aiuto, Marcello! 3347:E io, sempre io, 3246:Venetian language 3159: 3158: 3102: 3101: 3035: 3034: 2818: 2817: 2664: 2663: 2436: 2435: 2305:Rio Grande do Sul 2262: 2261: 2125: 2124: 2115:Owned by Italians 2060:in São Paulo and 2034:Sport Club Savóia 2008:, in São Paulo), 1991:Rio Grande do Sul 1928:Brazilian Indians 1826:(white slaves in 1744: 1743: 1674: 1673: 1612: 1611: 1524: 1523: 1271:Rio Grande do Sul 1235: 1234: 1159:Amazon rainforest 1092: 1091: 978:Brazilian Census 953: 952: 873: 872: 800:who had children 783: 782: 595:Pedro Weingärtner 581:Rio Grande do Sul 492:Imperial Austrian 292:Rio Grande do Sul 253:ítalo-brasileiros 234: 233: 184:Roman Catholicism 124: 32,000,000 58:Ítalo-brasileiros 18:Italian-Brazilian 16:(Redirected from 8197: 8167: 8166: 8165: 8155: 8154: 8153: 8146: 8118: 8111: 8036: 8024: 8017: 8010: 8003: 7928:National symbols 7763: 7762: 7701: 7673:Economic history 7658:Animal husbandry 7646: 7645: 7543: 7542: 7418: 7417: 7331: 7324: 7317: 7308: 7307: 7046: 7045: 7021: 7020: 6841: 6840: 6815: 6814: 6610: 6609: 6524: 6523: 6405: 6404: 6391: 6390: 6389: 6379: 6372: 6365: 6356: 6355: 5913: 5842:Italian diaspora 5840: 5839: 5838: 5828: 5821: 5814: 5805: 5804: 5770:Trento, Ângelo. 5688: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5678: 5670: 5664: 5663: 5661: 5659: 5648: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5626: 5620: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5604: 5598: 5597: 5595: 5593: 5581: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5556: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5545: 5534: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5523: 5508: 5502: 5501: 5500:on 1 April 2012. 5490: 5484: 5483: 5472: 5466: 5465: 5464:on 12 June 2008. 5450: 5444: 5443: 5432: 5426: 5425: 5414: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5394: 5384: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5362: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5327: 5317: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5294: 5288: 5287: 5276: 5270: 5259: 5253: 5242: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5226: 5217: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5195: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5184: 5179:on 14 March 2012 5178: 5172:. Archived from 5159: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5139: 5124: 5115: 5114: 5102: 5096: 5095: 5083: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5066: 5059: 5046: 5040: 5039: 5027: 5021: 5020: 5009: 5003: 5002: 4990: 4984: 4983: 4976: 4974: 4966: 4960: 4952: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4930: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4908: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4888:. Archived from 4878: 4872: 4871: 4860: 4854: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4831:. Archived from 4825: 4819: 4818: 4807: 4801: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4778:. Archived from 4772: 4766: 4765: 4754: 4748: 4745: 4736: 4725: 4719: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4690: 4684: 4673: 4667: 4656: 4650: 4637: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4620: 4613: 4604: 4593: 4592: 4586: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4569:on 21 March 2012 4568: 4562:. Archived from 4561: 4553: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4526: 4517: 4505: 4494: 4483: 4442: 4439: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4418: 4405: 4396: 4389: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4360: 4354: 4353: 4331: 4325: 4324: 4322: 4320: 4309: 4303: 4290: 4284: 4271: 4262: 4259: 4253: 4252: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4204: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4177: 4168: 4165: 4159: 4158: 4150: 4144: 4135: 4129: 4123: 4117: 4116: 4105: 4099: 4098: 4087: 4081: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4067:. Archived from 4057: 4051: 4050: 4039: 4033: 4032: 4027:. Archived from 4021: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4010: 4001:. Archived from 3991: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3974: 3967: 3959: 3953: 3931: 3925: 3918: 3909: 3908: 3897: 3891: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3871: 3862: 3856: 3845: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3835: 3827: 3788:White Brazilians 3773:Italian diaspora 3748:Italian Chileans 3704:- Belo Horizonte 3590:Other influences 3548:linguiça Toscana 3459:, a city in the 3457:Polignano a Mare 3417:Help, Marcello! 3398:And I, always I 3306: 3276:Adoniran Barbosa 3250:Italian dialects 3210:Italian dialects 3183: 3104: 3103: 3037: 3036: 2820: 2819: 2779: 2778: 2758:Istrian Italians 2727:, and also from 2723:, from parts of 2466: 2465: 2264: 2263: 2127: 2126: 2086: 2085: 2028:teams such as: 2012:, newspapers as 2002:Circolo Italiano 1940:Southeast Brazil 1824:escravos brancos 1784:Social Darwinism 1751:In the State of 1694: 1690: 1617: 1613: 1555: 1551: 1456: 1452: 1349: 1329:Italian dialects 1164: 1163: 955: 954: 884: 883: 785: 784: 720: 719: 347:Italian diaspora 265:Italian diaspora 245:italo-brasiliani 125: 122: 118:(by citizenship) 117: 114: 107:Total population 96: 87: 86: 80: 79: 68: 60: 54: 46: 44:Italo-brasiliani 38: 34: 21: 8205: 8204: 8200: 8199: 8198: 8196: 8195: 8194: 8175: 8174: 8173: 8163: 8161: 8151: 8149: 8141: 8139: 8134: 8121: 8114: 8107: 8094: 7967: 7953:Science fiction 7943:Public holidays 7859: 7820:Life expectancy 7748: 7730: 7699: 7631: 7607:Law enforcement 7528: 7514:Water resources 7494:Protected areas 7407: 7344: 7335: 7305: 7300: 7240: 7193: 7142: 7111: 7085: 7041: 7035: 7002: 6944: 6928: 6897: 6836: 6830: 6800: 6732: 6695:Central America 6689: 6656: 6601: 6591: 6575: 6574:Central Africa 6569: 6558: 6552: 6513: 6399: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6341: 6334: 6313: 6292: 6264: 6100: 6064: 5914: 5905: 5844: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5788: 5714:Cenni, Franco. 5697: 5695:Further reading 5692: 5691: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5672: 5671: 5667: 5657: 5655: 5650: 5649: 5645: 5635: 5633: 5632:. 6 August 2018 5628: 5627: 5623: 5613: 5611: 5606: 5605: 5601: 5591: 5589: 5582: 5575: 5565: 5563: 5558: 5557: 5553: 5543: 5541: 5536: 5535: 5531: 5521: 5519: 5510: 5509: 5505: 5492: 5491: 5487: 5482:on 9 June 2010. 5474: 5473: 5469: 5452: 5451: 5447: 5434: 5433: 5429: 5416: 5415: 5411: 5403: 5392: 5385: 5381: 5371: 5369: 5364: 5363: 5356: 5346: 5344: 5325: 5318: 5314: 5304: 5302: 5295: 5291: 5278: 5277: 5273: 5260: 5256: 5243: 5239: 5231: 5224: 5219: 5218: 5214: 5204: 5202: 5197: 5196: 5192: 5182: 5180: 5176: 5157: 5151: 5147: 5137: 5135: 5126: 5125: 5118: 5103: 5099: 5084: 5080: 5070: 5068: 5067:on 3 March 2016 5064: 5057: 5047: 5043: 5028: 5024: 5011: 5010: 5006: 4991: 4987: 4977: 4968: 4967: 4958: 4954: 4953: 4949: 4939: 4937: 4932: 4931: 4927: 4917: 4915: 4910: 4909: 4905: 4895: 4893: 4886:geomundo.com.br 4880: 4879: 4875: 4862: 4861: 4857: 4852: 4848: 4838: 4836: 4835:on 30 June 2013 4827: 4826: 4822: 4809: 4808: 4804: 4799: 4795: 4785: 4783: 4782:on 30 June 2013 4774: 4773: 4769: 4756: 4755: 4751: 4746: 4739: 4726: 4722: 4709: 4705: 4692: 4691: 4687: 4674: 4670: 4657: 4653: 4647:Wayback Machine 4638: 4634: 4624: 4622: 4618: 4611: 4606: 4605: 4596: 4580: 4579: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4559: 4557:"Archived copy" 4555: 4554: 4550: 4540: 4538: 4537:on 28 July 2006 4527: 4520: 4507:Angelo Trento. 4506: 4497: 4484: 4445: 4440: 4436: 4426: 4424: 4416: 4406: 4399: 4390: 4379: 4369: 4367: 4362: 4361: 4357: 4350: 4332: 4328: 4318: 4316: 4311: 4310: 4306: 4300:Wayback Machine 4291: 4287: 4281:Wayback Machine 4272: 4265: 4260: 4256: 4249: 4227: 4223: 4206: 4205: 4201: 4191: 4189: 4178: 4171: 4166: 4162: 4151: 4147: 4138:Clemente, Elvo. 4136: 4132: 4124: 4120: 4107: 4106: 4102: 4089: 4088: 4084: 4074: 4072: 4061:"Veja 15/12/99" 4059: 4058: 4054: 4041: 4040: 4036: 4023: 4022: 4018: 4008: 4006: 3993: 3992: 3988: 3978: 3976: 3972: 3965: 3961: 3960: 3956: 3932: 3928: 3919: 3912: 3899: 3898: 3894: 3884: 3882: 3873: 3872: 3865: 3857: 3848: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3829: 3828: 3821: 3816: 3719: 3711: 3689: 3592: 3579:Saint Pantaleon 3486: 3429: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3374: 3372: 3371:E mi chiamasti 3370: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3356: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3331: 3323: 3314: 3274:was created by 3262: 3185: 3178: 3169: 3164: 2669: 2667:Areas of origin 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2441: 2247:Other Europeans 2054:Palestra Italia 1987:Count Matarazzo 1936: 1893: 1869:factory workers 1777:Prinetti Decree 1761: 1749: 1615:Ribeirão Preto 1454:São Paulo City 1351: 1347: 1338: 1302:Bento Gonçalves 1240: 1238:Southern Brazil 1112: 1107: 1097:.** Consulates 878: 799: 789: 710: 705: 685:Tenente revolts 677: 565: 521: 473: 468: 444:Italian citizen 413: 349: 343: 296:São Paulo state 214: 194: 123: 119: 115: 97: 81: 74: 69: 62: 55: 48: 33: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8203: 8193: 8192: 8187: 8172: 8171: 8159: 8136: 8135: 8133: 8132: 8127: 8120: 8119: 8112: 8104: 8103: 8100: 8099: 8096: 8095: 8093: 8092: 8091: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8054: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8042: 8041: 8031: 8030: 8029: 8022: 8015: 8008: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7977: 7975: 7969: 7968: 7966: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7869: 7867: 7861: 7860: 7858: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7766: 7760: 7754: 7753: 7750: 7749: 7747: 7746: 7744:Rail transport 7740: 7738: 7732: 7731: 7729: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7649: 7643: 7637: 7636: 7633: 7632: 7630: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7593: 7592: 7590:Women's rights 7587: 7582: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7546: 7540: 7534: 7533: 7530: 7529: 7527: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7479:Largest cities 7476: 7471: 7466: 7464:Extreme points 7461: 7460: 7459: 7449: 7444: 7443: 7442: 7440:Climate change 7432: 7427: 7421: 7415: 7409: 7408: 7406: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7354: 7352: 7346: 7345: 7334: 7333: 7326: 7319: 7311: 7302: 7301: 7299: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7287: 7286: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7260: 7258: 7257:Related topics 7254: 7253: 7250: 7249: 7246: 7245: 7242: 7241: 7239: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7207: 7201: 7199: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7150: 7148: 7144: 7143: 7141: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7119: 7117: 7113: 7112: 7110: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7093: 7091: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7052: 7050: 7043: 7037: 7036: 7034: 7033: 7027: 7025: 7018: 7012: 7011: 7008: 7007: 7004: 7003: 7001: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6984: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6958: 6952: 6950: 6946: 6945: 6943: 6942: 6936: 6934: 6930: 6929: 6927: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6905: 6903: 6899: 6898: 6896: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6874: 6873: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6847: 6845: 6838: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6828: 6821: 6819: 6812: 6806: 6805: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6742: 6740: 6734: 6733: 6731: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6699: 6697: 6691: 6690: 6688: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6666: 6664: 6658: 6657: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6644: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6626: 6616: 6614: 6607: 6603: 6602: 6600: 6599: 6596: 6593: 6592: 6590: 6589: 6584: 6578: 6576: 6571: 6570: 6568: 6567: 6561: 6559: 6554: 6553: 6551: 6550: 6549: 6548: 6536: 6530: 6528: 6521: 6515: 6514: 6512: 6511: 6510: 6509: 6502: 6501: 6500: 6493: 6492: 6491: 6477: 6470: 6469: 6468: 6466:Amazonian Jews 6463: 6442: 6424: 6419: 6411: 6409: 6401: 6400: 6382: 6381: 6374: 6367: 6359: 6350: 6349: 6339: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6332: 6327: 6321: 6319: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6311: 6306: 6300: 6298: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6290: 6285: 6284: 6283: 6272: 6270: 6266: 6265: 6263: 6262: 6261: 6260: 6252: 6251: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6233:United Kingdom 6230: 6229: 6228: 6223: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6202: 6201: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6182: 6181: 6176: 6168: 6163: 6162: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6141: 6136: 6135: 6134: 6129: 6119: 6114: 6108: 6106: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6072: 6070: 6066: 6065: 6063: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6051: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5954: 5953: 5948: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5922: 5920: 5916: 5915: 5908: 5906: 5904: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5852: 5850: 5846: 5845: 5831: 5830: 5823: 5816: 5808: 5802: 5801: 5795: 5787: 5786:External links 5784: 5783: 5782: 5768: 5754: 5740: 5726: 5712: 5696: 5693: 5690: 5689: 5665: 5643: 5621: 5599: 5573: 5551: 5538:"Ñoquis el 29" 5529: 5516:BBC News Mundo 5503: 5485: 5467: 5445: 5442:. 6 June 2011. 5427: 5409: 5379: 5354: 5312: 5289: 5271: 5254: 5237: 5212: 5190: 5145: 5134:on 7 June 2008 5116: 5097: 5078: 5041: 5022: 5004: 4985: 4947: 4925: 4903: 4873: 4855: 4846: 4820: 4802: 4793: 4767: 4749: 4737: 4720: 4703: 4685: 4668: 4651: 4632: 4594: 4548: 4518: 4495: 4443: 4434: 4397: 4377: 4355: 4348: 4326: 4304: 4285: 4263: 4254: 4247: 4231:"Introduction" 4221: 4199: 4169: 4160: 4157:. p. 136. 4145: 4130: 4118: 4100: 4082: 4052: 4034: 4016: 3986: 3954: 3926: 3910: 3892: 3863: 3846: 3818: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3718: 3715: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3705: 3699: 3688: 3685: 3684: 3683: 3676: 3621: 3618: 3591: 3588: 3508:-based sauce. 3485: 3482: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3421: 3377: 3343:Piove, piove, 3284:Samba Italiano 3272:Samba paulista 3266:samba paulista 3261: 3258: 3231:Tá entendendo? 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3156: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3139: 3129: 3128: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3113: 3109: 3108: 3100: 3099: 3096: 3090: 3089: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3066: 3060: 3059: 3056: 3050: 3049: 3046: 3042: 3041: 3033: 3032: 3029: 3023: 3022: 3019: 3013: 3012: 3009: 3003: 3002: 2999: 2993: 2992: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2979: 2973: 2972: 2969: 2963: 2962: 2959: 2953: 2952: 2949: 2943: 2942: 2939: 2933: 2932: 2929: 2923: 2922: 2919: 2917:Emilia-Romagna 2913: 2912: 2909: 2903: 2902: 2899: 2893: 2892: 2889: 2883: 2882: 2879: 2873: 2872: 2869: 2863: 2862: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2849: 2843: 2842: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2829: 2825: 2824: 2816: 2815: 2812: 2808: 2807: 2804: 2800: 2799: 2796: 2792: 2791: 2788: 2787:Italian Region 2784: 2783: 2697:Southern Italy 2689:Northern Italy 2668: 2665: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2656: 2653: 2647: 2644: 2637: 2636: 2633: 2627: 2624: 2621:Emilia-Romagna 2617: 2616: 2613: 2607: 2604: 2597: 2596: 2593: 2587: 2584: 2573: 2572: 2569: 2563: 2560: 2553: 2552: 2549: 2543: 2540: 2533: 2532: 2529: 2523: 2520: 2513: 2512: 2509: 2503: 2500: 2493: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2471: 2470: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2423: 2422: 2419: 2416: 2412: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2404:Espírito Santo 2401: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2390: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2379: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2368: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2357: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2346: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2338:Santa Catarina 2335: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2324: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2313: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2302: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2280: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2269: 2268: 2260: 2259: 2256: 2252: 2251: 2248: 2244: 2243: 2240: 2236: 2235: 2232: 2228: 2227: 2224: 2220: 2219: 2216: 2212: 2211: 2208: 2204: 2203: 2200: 2196: 2195: 2192: 2188: 2187: 2184: 2180: 2179: 2176: 2172: 2171: 2168: 2164: 2163: 2160: 2156: 2155: 2152: 2148: 2147: 2144: 2140: 2139: 2136: 2132: 2131: 2123: 2122: 2121:2.119 (15,9%) 2119: 2116: 2112: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2101: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2074:supporters in 1983:Belo Horizonte 1956:Ribeirão Preto 1935: 1932: 1892: 1889: 1812:Getúlio Vargas 1760: 1757: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1738: 1734: 1733: 1730: 1726: 1725: 1722: 1718: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1709: 1706: 1702: 1701: 1698: 1681:Ribeirão Preto 1672: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1650: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1639: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1610: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1588: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1566: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1522: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1489: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1478: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1402:Rio de Janeiro 1398:Espírito Santo 1339: 1337: 1334: 1318:Santa Catarina 1283:Espírito Santo 1275:Santa Catarina 1239: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1217: 1216: 1213: 1209: 1208: 1205: 1201: 1200: 1197: 1193: 1192: 1189: 1185: 1184: 1181: 1177: 1176: 1173: 1169: 1168: 1139:Santa Catarina 1131:Ribeirão Preto 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1090: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1072: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1052: 1051: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1033: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1016: 1015: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1002: 998: 997: 995: 993: 990: 987: 984: 980: 979: 976: 973: 970: 967: 964: 960: 959: 951: 950: 947: 944: 941: 938: 935: 932: 929: 926: 922: 921: 918: 915: 912: 909: 906: 903: 900: 897: 893: 892: 877: 874: 871: 870: 867: 864: 860: 859: 856: 853: 849: 848: 845: 842: 838: 837: 834: 831: 827: 826: 823: 820: 816: 815: 812: 809: 805: 804: 801: 796: 792: 791: 781: 780: 777: 773: 772: 769: 765: 764: 761: 757: 756: 753: 749: 748: 745: 741: 740: 737: 733: 732: 729: 725: 724: 709: 706: 704: 701: 689:Rio de Janeiro 676: 673: 645:Emilia-Romagna 575:immigrants in 564: 561: 549:Rio de Janeiro 537:Port of Santos 520: 517: 472: 469: 467: 464: 452:Italian Senate 412: 409: 345:Main article: 342: 339: 232: 231: 221: 220: 216: 215: 213: 212: 207: 202: 195: 193: 192: 186: 182:Christianity ( 179: 176: 175: 171: 170: 159:Talian dialect 153:Predominantly 150: 149: 145: 144: 133: 132: 128: 127: 116: 450,000 109: 108: 104: 103: 89: 88: 71: 70: 41: 31: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8202: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8182: 8180: 8170: 8160: 8158: 8148: 8147: 8144: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8122: 8117: 8113: 8110: 8106: 8105: 8101: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8075: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8052: 8051:Protestantism 8049: 8047: 8044: 8039: 8035: 8034: 8032: 8027: 8023: 8020: 8016: 8013: 8009: 8006: 8002: 8001: 8000: 7997: 7996: 7995:Christianity 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7978: 7976: 7974: 7970: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7870: 7868: 7866: 7862: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7835:States by HDI 7833: 7831: 7830:Social issues 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7767: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7755: 7745: 7742: 7741: 7739: 7737: 7733: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7650: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7638: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7577: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7547: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7535: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7458: 7455: 7454: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7441: 7438: 7437: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7422: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7410: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7355: 7353: 7351: 7347: 7343: 7339: 7332: 7327: 7325: 7320: 7318: 7313: 7312: 7309: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7285: 7282: 7281: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7261: 7259: 7255: 7237: 7236:Luxembourgian 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7216: 7212: 7208: 7206: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7196: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7151: 7149: 7145: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7114: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7094: 7092: 7088: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7053: 7051: 7047: 7044: 7038: 7032: 7029: 7028: 7026: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7013: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6963: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6953: 6951: 6947: 6941: 6938: 6937: 6935: 6931: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6900: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6848: 6846: 6842: 6839: 6833: 6826: 6823: 6822: 6820: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6807: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6743: 6741: 6739: 6738:South America 6735: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6700: 6698: 6696: 6692: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6667: 6665: 6663: 6659: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6631: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6621: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6613:North America 6611: 6608: 6604: 6598: 6597: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6572: 6566: 6563: 6562: 6560: 6555: 6547: 6544: 6543: 6542: 6541: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6531: 6529: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6516: 6508: 6507: 6503: 6499: 6498: 6494: 6490: 6489: 6485: 6484: 6483: 6482: 6478: 6476: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6461: 6457: 6456: 6455: 6454: 6450: 6449: 6448: 6447: 6443: 6441: 6440: 6436: 6435: 6434: 6433: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6417: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6394: 6380: 6375: 6373: 6368: 6366: 6361: 6360: 6357: 6347: 6337: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6322: 6320: 6318:Neighborhoods 6316: 6310: 6309:Niçard exodus 6307: 6305: 6302: 6301: 6299: 6295: 6289: 6286: 6282: 6279: 6278: 6277: 6274: 6273: 6271: 6267: 6259: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6235: 6234: 6231: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6218: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6200: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6146: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6109: 6107: 6103: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6067: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6035: 6034: 6033:United States 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5943: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5923: 5921: 5917: 5912: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5829: 5824: 5822: 5817: 5815: 5810: 5809: 5806: 5799: 5796: 5793: 5790: 5789: 5781: 5780:85-213-0563-X 5777: 5773: 5769: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5753: 5752:88-7989-719-5 5749: 5745: 5741: 5739: 5738:85-7430-046-2 5735: 5731: 5727: 5725: 5724:85-314-0671-4 5721: 5717: 5713: 5711: 5710:85-7244-301-0 5707: 5703: 5699: 5698: 5675: 5669: 5653: 5647: 5631: 5625: 5609: 5603: 5587: 5580: 5578: 5561: 5555: 5539: 5533: 5517: 5513: 5507: 5499: 5495: 5489: 5481: 5477: 5471: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5449: 5441: 5437: 5431: 5423: 5419: 5413: 5402: 5398: 5390: 5383: 5367: 5361: 5359: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5323: 5316: 5300: 5293: 5285: 5281: 5275: 5269: 5266:, p. 111, at 5265: 5264: 5258: 5252: 5248: 5247: 5241: 5230: 5222: 5216: 5200: 5194: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5156: 5149: 5133: 5129: 5123: 5121: 5112: 5108: 5101: 5093: 5089: 5082: 5063: 5055: 5051: 5045: 5037: 5033: 5026: 5018: 5014: 5008: 5000: 4996: 4989: 4981: 4972: 4964: 4957: 4951: 4935: 4929: 4913: 4907: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4877: 4869: 4865: 4859: 4850: 4834: 4830: 4824: 4816: 4812: 4806: 4797: 4781: 4777: 4771: 4763: 4759: 4753: 4744: 4742: 4735: 4731: 4730: 4724: 4718: 4715:, p. 318, at 4714: 4713: 4707: 4699: 4695: 4689: 4683: 4680:, p. 179, at 4679: 4678: 4672: 4666: 4663:, p. 252, at 4662: 4661: 4655: 4648: 4644: 4641: 4636: 4617: 4609: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4590: 4584: 4565: 4558: 4552: 4536: 4532: 4525: 4523: 4516: 4512: 4511: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4493: 4490:, p. 100, at 4489: 4488: 4482: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4438: 4422: 4421:Novos Estudos 4414: 4410: 4404: 4402: 4394: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4365: 4359: 4351: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4330: 4314: 4308: 4301: 4297: 4294: 4289: 4282: 4278: 4275: 4270: 4268: 4258: 4250: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4225: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4203: 4187: 4183: 4176: 4174: 4164: 4156: 4149: 4143: 4141: 4134: 4127: 4122: 4114: 4110: 4104: 4096: 4092: 4086: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4056: 4048: 4044: 4038: 4030: 4026: 4020: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3990: 3971: 3964: 3958: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3942:0-7618-2638-6 3939: 3935: 3930: 3923: 3917: 3915: 3906: 3902: 3896: 3880: 3876: 3870: 3868: 3860: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3832: 3826: 3824: 3819: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3720: 3714: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3693: 3692: 3681: 3677: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3607: 3602: 3601: 3596: 3587: 3584: 3580: 3575: 3572: 3571:Southern Cone 3568: 3564: 3560: 3555: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3536: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3509: 3507: 3503: 3494: 3490: 3481: 3479: 3473: 3472:(September). 3471: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3433: 3420: 3407: 3392: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3376: 3367: 3360: 3354: 3341: 3339: 3335: 3330: 3326: 3321: 3317: 3311: 3308: 3301: 3296: 3292: 3290: 3286: 3285: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3267: 3257: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3234: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3214: 3211: 3207: 3205: 3201: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3181: 3180:Gina Lombroso 3175: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3134: 3131: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3118: 3115:Neighborhood 3114: 3111: 3110: 3105: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3091: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3081: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3061: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3051: 3047: 3044: 3043: 3038: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3024: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3014: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2994: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2974: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2954: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2934: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2924: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2914: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2894: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2884: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2874: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2864: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2854: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2844: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2834: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2821: 2813: 2810: 2809: 2805: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2794: 2793: 2789: 2786: 2785: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2745: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2700: 2698: 2694: 2693:Central Italy 2690: 2682: 2678: 2677:Caxias do Sul 2673: 2658: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2618: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2578: 2575: 2574: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2534: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2514: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2472: 2467: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2424: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2413: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2369: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2358: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2336: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2325: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2314: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2281: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2270: 2265: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2249: 2246: 2245: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2233: 2230: 2229: 2225: 2222: 2221: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2201: 2198: 2197: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2182: 2181: 2177: 2175:Ethnic origin 2174: 2173: 2169: 2166: 2165: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2145: 2142: 2141: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2128: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2092: 2087: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1994: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1971: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1943: 1941: 1931: 1929: 1922: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1899: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1860: 1856: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1842: 1837: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1819: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1796: 1792: 1789: 1785: 1780: 1778: 1774: 1765: 1756: 1754: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1731: 1728: 1727: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1707: 1704: 1703: 1699: 1696: 1695: 1689: 1687: 1682: 1678: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1662: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1651: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1629: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1567: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1547: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1531: 1527: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1490: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1468: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1457: 1447: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1409: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1344: 1333: 1330: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1306:Caxias do Sul 1303: 1299: 1296:). They were 1295: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1255: 1249: 1248:Caxias do Sul 1244: 1230: 1227: 1226: 1222: 1219: 1218: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1190: 1187: 1186: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1142: 1140: 1132: 1127: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1102: 1098: 1095: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1000: 999: 996: 994: 991: 988: 985: 982: 981: 977: 974: 971: 968: 965: 962: 961: 956: 948: 945: 942: 939: 936: 933: 930: 927: 924: 923: 919: 916: 913: 910: 907: 904: 901: 898: 895: 894: 890: 885: 882: 868: 865: 862: 861: 857: 854: 851: 850: 846: 843: 840: 839: 835: 832: 829: 828: 824: 821: 818: 817: 813: 810: 807: 806: 802: 797: 794: 793: 786: 778: 775: 774: 770: 767: 766: 762: 759: 758: 754: 751: 750: 746: 743: 742: 738: 735: 734: 730: 727: 726: 721: 718: 714: 700: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 672: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 633: 630: 626: 621: 617: 614: 612: 608: 600: 596: 592: 588: 582: 578: 577:Caxias do Sul 574: 569: 560: 558: 553: 550: 545: 538: 533: 525: 516: 514: 510: 504: 502: 498: 497:Líbero Badaró 493: 488: 482: 477: 463: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 436: 434: 430: 426: 417: 408: 406: 402: 398: 397:Itamar Franco 394: 390: 385: 381: 379: 375: 371: 366: 358: 353: 348: 338: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 315: 312: 308: 303: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 230: 226: 222: 217: 211: 210:others faiths 208: 206: 203: 201: 197: 196: 190: 187: 185: 181: 180: 177: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 151: 146: 142: 138: 134: 129: 110: 105: 101: 95: 90: 85: 78: 72: 66: 59: 52: 45: 39: 30: 19: 7840:Unemployment 7790:Demographics 7668:Central Bank 7575:Human rights 7555:Constitution 7425:Amazon basin 7269:Colonization 7168: 7138:Scandinavian 7024:By ethnicity 6914:East Indians 6871:in São Paulo 6827:(East Asian) 6818:By ethnicity 6630:Confederados 6628: 6557:West Africa 6538: 6527:By ethnicity 6504: 6496: 6487: 6480: 6473: 6458: 6451: 6445: 6438: 6430: 6414: 6325:Little Italy 5935: 5891:South Africa 5800:(In Italian) 5771: 5757: 5743: 5729: 5715: 5702:Os italianos 5701: 5680:. Retrieved 5668: 5656:. Retrieved 5654:(in Italian) 5646: 5634:. Retrieved 5624: 5612:. Retrieved 5602: 5590:. Retrieved 5588:(in Spanish) 5564:. Retrieved 5554: 5542:. Retrieved 5532: 5520:. Retrieved 5518:(in Spanish) 5515: 5506: 5498:the original 5488: 5480:the original 5470: 5462:the original 5457: 5448: 5439: 5430: 5421: 5412: 5401:the original 5396: 5382: 5370:. Retrieved 5345:. Retrieved 5333: 5329: 5315: 5303:. Retrieved 5292: 5283: 5274: 5268:Google Books 5261: 5257: 5251:Google Books 5244: 5240: 5229:the original 5215: 5203:. Retrieved 5193: 5181:. Retrieved 5174:the original 5161: 5148: 5138:10 September 5136:. Retrieved 5132:the original 5111:the original 5100: 5091: 5081: 5069:. Retrieved 5062:the original 5044: 5035: 5025: 5016: 5007: 4998: 4988: 4962: 4950: 4938:. Retrieved 4936:(in Italian) 4928: 4916:. Retrieved 4914:(in Italian) 4906: 4894:. Retrieved 4890:the original 4885: 4876: 4868:seade.gov.br 4867: 4858: 4849: 4837:. Retrieved 4833:the original 4823: 4814: 4805: 4796: 4784:. Retrieved 4780:the original 4770: 4761: 4752: 4734:Google Books 4732:, p. 76, at 4727: 4723: 4717:Google Books 4710: 4706: 4697: 4688: 4682:Google Books 4675: 4671: 4665:Google Books 4658: 4654: 4635: 4623:. Retrieved 4616:the original 4571:. Retrieved 4564:the original 4551: 4541:10 September 4539:. Retrieved 4535:the original 4515:Google Books 4513:, p. 67, at 4508: 4492:Google Books 4485: 4437: 4425:. Retrieved 4420: 4368:. Retrieved 4366:(in Italian) 4358: 4339: 4329: 4317:. Retrieved 4315:(in Italian) 4307: 4288: 4257: 4238: 4224: 4216:the original 4211: 4202: 4190:. Retrieved 4185: 4163: 4154: 4148: 4139: 4133: 4121: 4112: 4103: 4094: 4085: 4073:. Retrieved 4069:the original 4065:abril.com.br 4064: 4055: 4046: 4037: 4029:the original 4019: 4007:. Retrieved 4003:the original 3998: 3989: 3977:. Retrieved 3970:the original 3957: 3929: 3904: 3895: 3883:. Retrieved 3879:the original 3837:. Retrieved 3712: 3690: 3680:Minas Gerais 3672: 3668: 3665:raviolatrice 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3609:("tchau" in 3604: 3576: 3559:nhoque de 29 3558: 3556: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3533: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3510: 3498: 3474: 3450: 3444: 3408: 3393: 3384: 3380: 3379: 3365: 3361: 3352: 3351:E voi senza 3342: 3337: 3333: 3328: 3324: 3319: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3288: 3282: 3280: 3271: 3270: 3265: 3263: 3254:bilingualism 3242:Serra Gaúcha 3235: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3215: 3208: 3197: 3193:Serra Gaúcha 3177: 3172: 3027:Aosta Valley 2752:, Calabria, 2746: 2701: 2686: 2675:Pictures of 2452:Bertha Worms 2447: 2426:Other states 2294:Minas Gerais 2079: 2053: 2033: 2021: 2013: 2010:labor unions 2005: 2001: 1995: 1975:Porto Alegre 1972: 1959: 1944: 1937: 1924: 1921:countryside. 1919: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1894: 1891:Assimilation 1885: 1881: 1865: 1845: 1836:repatriation 1832: 1823: 1820: 1816: 1801: 1781: 1770: 1750: 1675: 1533: 1525: 1429: 1416: 1410: 1406: 1394:Minas Gerais 1385: 1379: 1370: 1346: 1341: 1326: 1314: 1309: 1294:Serra Gaúcha 1291: 1287:Minas Gerais 1263:Southeastern 1260: 1151:Central-West 1143: 1136: 1120:Minas Gerais 1113: 1099: 1096: 1093: 879: 776:Japan-Korea 715: 711: 678: 634: 622: 618: 615: 606: 604: 590: 554: 546: 542: 505: 501:Risorgimento 489: 485: 437: 422: 386: 382: 362: 316: 304: 288:southernmost 284:Minas Gerais 277:southeastern 236: 235: 32:Ethnic group 29: 7999:Catholicism 7913:Malandragem 7878:Archaeology 7805:Immigration 7711:Stock index 7653:Agriculture 7452:Environment 7284:from Europe 7279:Immigration 7274:Slave trade 7040:By country 6976:Palestinian 6909:Bangladeshi 6835:By country 6703:Costa Rican 6540:quilombolas 6288:New Zealand 6216:Switzerland 6038:before 1880 6028:Puerto Rico 5988:El Salvador 5792:oriundi.net 5592:14 February 5284:archive.org 5183:9 September 5092:ibge.gov.br 5036:ibge.gov.br 4815:archive.org 4762:archive.org 3979:20 December 3698:- São Paulo 3631:), such as 3629:italianisms 3445:Nova Milano 3441:Farroupilha 3439:located in 3327:attenzione 3048:Population 2831:Percentage 2790:Percentage 2491:immigrants 2415:Mato Grosso 2178:Percentage 2138:Percentage 2118:398 (17,6%) 2089:Industries 1898:patriarchal 1839:Argentina, 1808:labour laws 1553:São Carlos 1536:balustrades 1432:plantations 1157:and in the 869:38,716,508 599:Nova Veneza 429:naturalized 411:Citizenship 370:Renaissance 331:Italophilic 300:Nova Veneza 198:Minorities 157:. Minority 8179:Categories 8038:Antiochian 7963:Television 7933:Newspapers 7908:Literature 7780:Corruption 7775:Censorship 7700:(currency) 7570:Government 7291:Emigration 7179:Portuguese 7174:Macedonian 7133:Lithuanian 7097:Belarusian 6893:Vietnamese 6861:Indonesian 6796:Venezuelan 6786:Surinamese 6776:Paraguayan 6766:Ecuadorian 6728:Salvadoran 6723:Panamanian 6718:Nicaraguan 6708:Guatemalan 6427:Mixed-race 6416:Brazilians 6179:Dodecanese 5968:Costa Rica 5766:1192108952 5658:1 February 5636:1 February 5422:uol.com.br 5372:31 January 5205:16 October 4940:31 January 4918:31 January 4370:30 January 4319:30 January 4009:11 January 3885:25 January 3814:References 3649:cittadella 3645:ambasciata 3320:í no fundo 3154:Bom Retiro 2927:Basilicata 2772:after the 2770:Yugoslavia 2711:(30%) and 2641:Basilicata 2481:immigrants 2382:Pernambuco 2199:Portuguese 2191:Brazilians 2135:Generation 2032:, the old 2014:Il Piccolo 1998:mutual aid 1952:São Carlos 1934:Prosperity 1828:Portuguese 1804:latifundia 1788:Positivism 1677:São Carlos 1386:green gold 1188:Portuguese 1172:Immigrants 1149:region of 1064:1,837,887 1046:1,100,000 1028:1,300,000 920:1955–1959 866:6,809,772 814:1,069,862 739:1,260,931 703:Statistics 665:Basilicata 625:immigrants 559:theories. 513:braccianti 357:Cavalcanti 307:Brazilians 249:Portuguese 229:Brazilians 189:Protestant 65:Portuguese 8083:Quimbanda 8078:Candomblé 7948:Sculpture 7923:Mythology 7873:Animation 7815:Languages 7795:Education 7736:Transport 7597:Judiciary 7560:Elections 7509:Time Zone 7484:Mountains 7447:Coastline 7413:Geography 7209:British ( 7154:Bulgarian 7107:Ukrainian 7071:Hungarian 7042:or region 6919:Pakistani 6883:Malaysian 6837:or region 6791:Uruguayan 6761:Colombian 6746:Argentine 6670:Barbadian 6662:Caribbean 6636:New Texas 6624:Americana 6587:Congolese 6460:mamelucos 6281:Melbourne 6276:Australia 6248:Gibraltar 6195:Slovenia 6060:Venezuela 5993:Guatemala 5926:Argentina 5682:1 January 5458:globo.com 5440:globo.com 5342:0009-6725 5170:1807-6971 5071:12 August 4896:7 October 4625:3 October 3839:1 January 3687:Education 3633:agnolotti 3625:loanwords 3583:Nicomedia 3552:chocotone 3480:in 2008. 3227:Orra meu! 2489:Number of 2484:Region of 2479:Number of 2474:Region of 2460:São Paulo 2283:São Paulo 2231:Austrians 2143:Immigrant 2072:Palmeiras 1964:São Paulo 1773:Argentina 1700:Italians 1686:São Paulo 1390:São Paulo 1375:São Paulo 1298:Garibaldi 1267:São Paulo 1220:Austrians 1155:Northeast 1153:, in the 917:1950–1954 914:1945–1949 911:1934–1944 908:1924–1933 905:1914–1923 902:1904–1913 899:1894–1903 896:1884-1893 819:Portugal 744:Portugal 693:São Paulo 591:Vida nova 481:emigrants 456:Argentina 327:São Paulo 290:state of 273:São Paulo 200:Spiritism 148:Languages 141:Southeast 100:São Paulo 8125:Category 8063:Hinduism 8012:Maronite 7991:Buddhism 7973:Religion 7938:Painting 7888:Carnaval 7770:Abortion 7716:Taxation 7688:Industry 7612:Military 7538:Politics 7519:Wildlife 7489:Pantanal 7358:Timeline 7342:articles 7215:Scottish 7184:Romanian 7159:Croatian 7147:Southern 7123:Estonian 7116:Northern 7056:Austrian 6971:Lebanese 6956:Armenian 6902:Southern 6866:Japanese 6856:Filipino 6781:Peruvian 6771:Guyanese 6751:Bolivian 6713:Honduran 6685:Jamaican 6648:Canadian 6606:Americas 6565:Nigerian 6488:caiçaras 6453:caboclos 6432:mestiços 6254:Ukraine 6238:Scotland 6132:Dalmatia 6018:Paraguay 6003:Honduras 5963:Colombia 5946:Montreal 5919:Americas 5901:Zimbabwe 5871:Ethiopia 5347:25 April 5305:25 April 4971:cite web 4864:"p. 126" 4829:"p. 174" 4643:Archived 4583:cite web 4427:25 April 4296:Archived 4277:Archived 4192:25 April 4128:. p. 36. 3717:See also 3657:lotteria 3637:rigatoni 3613:) as a ' 3540:Catupiry 3518:galletto 3506:bechamel 3493:Catupiry 3478:festival 3465:festival 3355:sentire 3338:Benedito 3332:Capito, 3167:Language 3133:Campania 3121:Calabria 3084:Lombardy 3074:Calabria 3064:Campania 3058:228,142 3017:Sardinia 2947:Piedmont 2867:Lombardy 2857:Calabria 2847:Campania 2754:Campania 2737:Trentino 2733:Lombardy 2650:Sardinia 2612:(Center) 2603:(Center) 2592:(Center) 2568:(Center) 2557:Lombardy 2537:Calabria 2526:Piedmont 2517:Campania 2360:Amazonas 2223:Russians 2183:Italians 2038:Sorocaba 2022:Fanfulla 1979:Curitiba 1968:Campinas 1948:Campinas 1873:cortiços 1853:Japanese 1623:Italians 1561:Italians 1462:Italians 1413:families 1322:Criciúma 1228:Japanese 1212:Russians 1180:Italians 1088:325,283 1078:325,000 1070:558,405 1058:435,000 1040:600,000 1022:540,000 1010:554,000 1004:230,000 852:Germany 847:171,790 836:436,305 825:524,940 811:130,273 779:104,355 771:107,074 763:159,809 760:Germany 755:340,479 747:735,929 653:Campania 641:Lombardy 557:eugenics 450:and the 378:Columbus 261:Italians 227:, other 225:Italians 174:Religion 137:Southern 8143:Portals 8109:Outline 8088:Umbanda 8068:Judaism 8019:Melkite 7903:Cuisine 7865:Culture 7850:Welfare 7758:Society 7726:Tourism 7683:Exports 7641:Economy 7499:Regions 7474:Islands 7469:Geology 7435:Climate 7350:History 7211:English 7205:Belgian 7198:Western 7189:Spanish 7169:Italian 7128:Latvian 7102:Russian 7090:Eastern 7049:Central 6998:Turkish 6988:Iranian 6949:Western 6933:Central 6851:Chinese 6844:Eastern 6756:Chilean 6680:Haitian 6653:Mexican 6582:Angolan 6546:Kalunga 6506:sararás 6497:mulatos 6481:juçaras 6474:cafuzos 6439:ainokos 6344:former 6269:Oceania 6226:Grisons 6191:Romania 6170:Greece 6166:Germany 6149:Corsica 6139:Finland 6122:Croatia 6117:Belgium 6112:Albania 6086:Lebanon 6055:Uruguay 6043:by city 5983:Ecuador 5951:Toronto 5931:Bolivia 5896:Tunisia 5886:Somalia 5881:Morocco 5866:Eritrea 5856:Algeria 5614:19 July 5566:18 July 5544:19 July 5522:19 July 5286:. 1908. 4839:30 June 4786:30 June 4776:"p.177" 4573:30 June 4186:Insieme 4075:13 July 3661:tombola 3615:goodbye 3603:Use of 3563:gnocchi 3484:Cuisine 3453:Italian 3366:Guarujá 3204:Italian 3098:47,874 3094:Tuscany 3088:51,338 3078:72,686 3068:91,960 3007:Liguria 2907:Abruzzo 2877:Tuscany 2739:and of 2729:Bergamo 2725:Brescia 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