16540:
13344:
7016:
7288:
10950:
93:
7297:
10964:
7024:
6370:
6378:
7035:
31:
12228:
12137:
9755:
size. Looking at families rather than individual languages, he found a rate of 30% of families/protolanguages in North
America, all on the western flank, compared to 5% in South America and 7% of non-American languages â though the percentage in North America, and especially the even higher number in the Pacific Northwest, drops considerably if
12229:"Aboriginal Mother Tongue (90), Single and Multiple Mother Tongue Responses (3), Aboriginal Identity (9), Registered or Treaty Indian Status (3) and Age (12) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census â 25% Sample Data"
12138:"Aboriginal Mother Tongue (90), Single and Multiple Mother Tongue Responses (3), Aboriginal Identity (9), Registered or Treaty Indian Status (3) and Age (12) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census â 25% Sample Data"
9754:
suggests that the pattern had spread through diffusion. This notion was rejected by Lyle
Campbell, who argued that the frequency of the n/m pattern was not statistically elevated in either area compared to the rest of the world. Zamponi found that Nichols's findings were distorted by her small sample
6359:
For convenience, the following list of language families is divided into three sections based on political boundaries of countries. These sections correspond roughly with the geographic regions (North, Central, and South
America) but are not equivalent. This division cannot fully delineate Indigenous
7339:
The list of language families, isolates, and unclassified languages below is a rather conservative one based on
Campbell (1997). Many of the proposed (and often speculative) groupings of families can be seen in Campbell (1997), Gordon (2005), Kaufman (1990, 1994), Key (1979), Loukotka (1968), and in
195:
of
Guatemala and Mexico, with about 1 million apiece; and perhaps one or two additional Quechuan languages in Peru and Ecuador. In the United States, 372,000 people reported speaking an Indigenous language at home in the 2010 census. In Canada, 133,000 people reported speaking an Indigenous language
9782:
Several languages are only known by mention in historical documents or from only a few names or words. It cannot be determined that these languages actually existed or that the few recorded words are actually of known or unknown languages. Some may simply be from a historian's errors. Others are of
294:
The
Europeans also suppressed use of Indigenous languages, establishing their own languages for official communications, destroying texts in other languages, and insisted that Indigenous people learn European languages in schools. As a result, Indigenous languages suffered from cultural suppression
7045:
In
Central America the Mayan languages are among those used today. Mayan languages are spoken by at least six million Indigenous Maya, primarily in Guatemala, Mexico, Belize and Honduras. In 1996, Guatemala formally recognized 21 Mayan languages by name, and Mexico recognizes eight more. The Mayan
8644:
Hypothetical language-family proposals of
American languages are often cited as uncontroversial in popular writing. However, many of these proposals have not been fully demonstrated, or even demonstrated at all. Some proposals are viewed by specialists in a favorable light, believing that genetic
7320:
Since the mid 1950s, the amount of published material on SA has been gradually growing, but even so, the number of researchers is far smaller than the growing number of linguistic communities whose speech should be documented. Given the current employment opportunities, it is not likely that the
7315:
are very diverse areas, South
America has a linguistic diversity rivalled by only a few other places in the world with approximately 350 languages still spoken and several hundred more spoken at first contact but now extinct. The situation of language documentation and classification into genetic
10245:
While most
Indigenous languages have adopted the Latin script as the written form of their languages, a few languages have their own unique writing systems after encountering the Latin script (often through missionaries) that are still in use. All pre-Columbian Indigenous writing systems are no
6506:
Due to the diversity of languages in North America, it is difficult to make generalizations for the region. Most North American languages have a relatively small number of vowels (i.e. three to five vowels). Languages of the western half of North America often have relatively large consonant
12421:"Language Highlight Tables, 2016 Census â Aboriginal mother tongue, Aboriginal language spoken most often at home and Other Aboriginal language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population excluding institutional residents of Canada, provinces and territories, 2016 Census â 100% Data"
11966:"Language Highlight Tables, 2016 Census â Aboriginal mother tongue, Aboriginal language spoken most often at home and Other Aboriginal language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population excluding institutional residents of Canada, provinces and territories, 2016 Census â 100% Data"
11754:"Language Highlight Tables, 2016 Census â Aboriginal mother tongue, Aboriginal language spoken most often at home and Other Aboriginal language(s) spoken regularly at home for the population excluding institutional residents of Canada, provinces and territories, 2016 Census â 100% Data"
411:
Countries like Mexico, Bolivia, Venezuela, Guatemala, and Guyana recognize most Indigenous languages. Bolivia and Venezuela give all Indigenous languages official status. Canada, Argentina, and the U.S. allow provinces and states to decide. Brazil limits recognition to localities.
9180:
would receive probability and confidence percentage values of +100% and 100%, respectively. However, if Turkish and Quechua were compared, the probability value might be â95%, while the confidence value might be 95%. 0% probability or confidence would mean complete uncertainty.
11455:
7321:
number of specialists in SA Indian languages will increase fast enough to document most of the surviving SA languages before they go out of use, as most of them unavoidably will. More work languishes in personal files than is published, but this is a standard problem.
6460:
and northern Mexico (with one outlier in the Plains). Several families consist of only 2 or 3 languages. Demonstrating genetic relationships has proved difficult due to the great linguistic diversity present in North America. Two large (super-) family proposals,
7046:
language family is one of the best documented and most studied in the Americas. Modern Mayan languages descend from Proto-Mayan, a language thought to have been spoken at least 4,000 years ago; it has been partially reconstructed using the comparative method.
175:(centered in Paraguay, where it shares national language status with Spanish), with perhaps six or seven million speakers apiece (including many of European descent in the case of Guarani). Only half a dozen others have more than a million speakers; these are
16661:
295:
and loss of speakers. By the 18th and 19th centuries, Spanish, English, Portuguese, French, and Dutch, brought to the Americas by European settlers and administrators, had become the official or national languages of modern nation-states of the Americas.
11467:
9763:, or parts of them, are accepted as language families. If all the proposed Penutian and Hokan languages in the table below are related, then the frequency drops to 9% of North American families, statistically indistinguishable from the world average.
6503:; however, many of these languages became extinct from European contact and as a result they are, for the most part, absent from the historical record. This diversity has influenced the development of linguistic theories and practice in the US.
270:. In many Spanish colonies, Spanish missionaries often learned local languages and culture in order to preach to the natives in their own tongue and relate the Christian message to their Indigenous religions. In the British American colonies,
11456:
https://www.canlii.org/en/commentary/doc/2019CanLIIDocs3786#!fragment/zoupio-_Toc3Page3/BQCwhgziBcwMYgK4DsDWszIQewE4BUBTADwBdoAvbRABwEtsBaAfX2zgGYAFMAc0I4BKADTJspQhACKiQrgCe0AORLhEQmFwIZcxSrUatIAMp5SAIUUAlAKIAZGwDUAggDkAwjeGkwAI2ik7IKCQA
298:
Many Indigenous languages have become critically endangered, but others are vigorous and part of daily life for millions of people. Several Indigenous languages have been given official status in the countries where they occur, such as
7291:
Some of the greater families of South America: dark spots are language isolates or quasi-isolate, grey spots unclassified languages or languages with doubtful classification. (Note that Quechua, the family with most speakers, is not
12929:
Powell, John W. (1891). Indian linguistic families of America north of Mexico. Seventh annual report, Bureau of American Ethnology (pp. 1â142). Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. (Reprinted in P. Holder (Ed.), 1966,
16671:
16641:
16504:
16666:
16581:
16646:
218:
Over a thousand known languages were spoken by various peoples in North and South America prior to their first contact with Europeans. These encounters occurred between the beginning of the 11th century (with the
16424:
16494:
9175:
also assigned different percentage values of probability and confidence for various proposals of macro-families and language relationships, depending on his views of the proposals' strengths. For example, the
16596:
6403:
There are approximately 296 spoken (or formerly spoken) Indigenous languages north of Mexico, 269 of which are grouped into 29 families (the remaining 27 languages are either isolates or unclassified). The
116:
are a diverse group of languages that originated in the Americas prior to colonization, many of which continue to be spoken. Over a thousand of these languages are still used today, while many more are now
16514:
16359:
454:
Bill C-91, passed in 2019, supports Indigenous languages through sustainable funding and the Office of the Commissioner of Indigenous Languages. The first Commissioner of Indigenous languages in Canada is
16636:
16586:
12175:
307:. In other cases official status is limited to certain regions where the languages are most spoken. Although sometimes enshrined in constitutions as official, the languages may be used infrequently in
6561:
are extreme examples), although this is not characteristic of all North American languages (contrary to what was believed by 19th-century linguists). Several families have unique traits, such as the
6432:). Na-Dené and Algic have the widest geographic distributions: Algic currently spans from northeastern Canada across much of the continent down to northeastern Mexico (due to later migrations of the
16651:
16631:
16601:
16656:
16626:
16499:
16434:
16369:
6416:
families are the largest in terms of number of languages. Uto-Aztecan has the most speakers (1.95 million) if the languages in Mexico are considered (mostly due to 1.5 million speakers of
403:(2008) has advocated the theory of multiple migrations along the Pacific coast of peoples from northeastern Asia, who already spoke diverse languages. These proliferated in the New World.
53:
16621:
16616:
16611:
11227:
8649:
stock). Other proposals are more controversial with many linguists believing that some genetic relationships of a proposal may be demonstrated but much of it undemonstrated (for example,
16591:
13161:
16606:
16444:
11228:"Population by Aboriginal mother tongue, Aboriginal language spoken most often at home and Aboriginal language spoken on a regular basis at home, for Canada, provinces and territories"
16561:
16509:
16459:
16419:
16374:
7336:
As a result, many relationships between languages and language families have not been determined and some of those relationships that have been proposed are on somewhat shaky ground.
16576:
16571:
16524:
16464:
16439:
16429:
16449:
16379:
12858:(rev. and enlarged ed. with additions and corrections). . Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press (Smithsonian Institution). (Updated version of the map in Goddard 1996).
6472:
North America is notable for its linguistic diversity, especially in California. This area has 18 language families comprising 74 languages (compared to five families in Europe:
16566:
16454:
16414:
14979:
16293:
14912:
13620:
13285:
7332:, and that area – much smaller than SA, to be sure – is in general much better documented than any part of Indigenous SA of comparable size.
6553:
is found in many languages of North America (as well as in Central and South America), but outside of the Americas it is rare. Many languages throughout North America are
435:
8954:
266:
The European colonizing nations and their successor states had widely varying attitudes towards Native American languages. In Brazil, friars learned and promoted the
13328:
13318:
8856:
11669:
9017:
12179:
13938:
10992:
8639:
6334:
13581:
13576:
13358:
12085:
10987:
10982:
8699:
11889:
11817:
8747:
14960:
13929:
456:
16281:
14938:
12680:
11699:
11642:
11566:
11027:
13009:
Zepeda, Ofelia; Hill, Jane H. (1991). "The condition of Native American Languages in the United States". In Robins, R. H.; Uhlenbeck, E. M. (eds.).
7316:
families is not as advanced as in North America (which is relatively well studied in many areas). Kaufman (1994: 46) gives the following appraisal:
13278:
12252:
12161:
140:
Many proposals have been made to relate some or all of these languages to each other, with varying degrees of success. The most widely reported is
13082:(Vol. 6, pp. 157â317). Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology bulletin (No. 143). Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
11890:"The Blackfoot Language Resources and Digital Dictionary project: Creating integrated web resources for language documentation and revitalization"
16288:
14922:
7348:
6596:
10446:
14818:
12932:
Introduction to Handbook of American Indian languages by Franz Boas and Indian linguistic families of America, north of Mexico, by J. W. Powell
11726:
11405:
8908:
8252:
167:(without native speakers but with a community of heritage-language users) or entirely extinct. The most widely spoken Indigenous languages are
9706:
It has long been observed that a remarkable number of Native American languages have a pronominal pattern with first-person singular forms in
148:
hypothesis, which, however, nearly all specialists reject because of severe methodological flaws; spurious data; and a failure to distinguish
16730:
16271:
13844:
12420:
11965:
11753:
11037:
11032:
4721:
2130:
259:, which had millions of active speakers, to many languages with only several hundred speakers. After pre-Columbian times, several Indigenous
12939:
Linguistic families of American Indians north of Mexico by J. W. Powell, revised by members of the staff of the Bureau of American Ethnology
11778:
11938:
13253:
11495:
16735:
13888:
13733:
13271:
13247:
12926:
Nater, Hank F. (1984). The Bella Coola Language. Mercury Series; Canadian Ethnology Service (No. 92). Ottawa: National Museums of Canada.
12200:
11602:
11444:
6302:
5886:
5828:
4910:
4370:
16276:
14917:
13593:
13588:
12028:
6356:
The number of family members is indicated in parentheses (for example, Arauan (9) means the Arauan family consists of nine languages).
16519:
13895:
13646:
11042:
10955:
7328:
are linguistically the poorest documented parts of the world. However, in the early 1960s fairly systematic efforts were launched in
1587:
1063:
835:
789:
761:
11842:
8815:(Karok + Chimariko + Shastan + Palaihnihan + Yana + Pomoan + Washo + Esselen + Yuman + Salinan + Chumashan + Seri + Tequistlatecan)
16349:
16331:
15231:
16691:
16179:
15738:
4754:
4747:
2771:
2764:
1620:
1189:
13200:
14953:
13922:
11022:
11017:
10062:
13654:
11514:
6393:
16708:
16696:
16685:
16126:
14973:
13942:
13719:
13615:
13238:
11273:
11116:
11086:
11052:
7282:
13854:
13103:(pp. 10â26). University of California publications in linguistics (Vol. 10). Berkeley: University of California Press.
2381:
15687:
9971:
Loukotka (1968) reports the names of hundreds of South American languages which do not have any linguistic documentation.
8657:
called his "wastepaper basket stock"). Still other proposals are almost unanimously rejected by specialists (for example,
16740:
14791:
13874:
13729:
13553:
13166:
16409:
13714:
13543:
13294:
13039:
Kaufman, Terrence. (1990). Language history in South America: What we know and how to know more. In D. L. Payne (Ed.),
11249:
11168:
11002:
10850:
5043:
2265:
213:
122:
14968:
11482:"Honouring Indigenous Languages Within Parliament â Canadian Parliamentary Review â La Revue parlementaire canadienne"
16529:
16474:
16364:
16146:
14946:
14871:
13915:
13571:
13122:
13048:
12917:
12863:
12845:
12737:
12708:
12571:
12546:
11387:
11141:
9119:
8846:
79:
12962:(part 2, pp. 749â795). Current trends in linguistics (Vol. 10). The Hauge: Mouton. (Reprinted in Sebeok 1976).
16484:
16404:
16298:
16166:
16101:
15551:
14927:
13664:
13222:
10703:
10664:
9772:
3944:
13156:
12884:
12290:
8136:
16384:
16111:
15009:
14321:
14290:
13797:
13742:
13704:
13684:
13364:
13208:
12639:
12472:
12266:
11481:
11428:"Government Bill (House of Commons) C-91 (42-1) - Royal Assent - Indigenous Languages Act - Parliament of Canada"
11007:
6188:
6108:
6097:
5635:
5629:
5580:
5574:
5369:
5359:
4999:
4334:
4328:
3848:
3842:
2981:
2975:
2269:
1688:
9750:
in 1905. It caused Sapir to suggest that ultimately all Native American languages would turn out to be related.
8991:
8773:
8768:
16479:
16469:
16394:
16389:
15455:
13859:
13787:
13777:
13762:
13689:
13530:
11896:
9996:
9032:
8778:
2386:
470:
12068:
11323:
Shapiro, Judith (1987). "From TupĂŁ to the Land without Evil: The Christianization of Tupi-Guarani Cosmology".
6997:
1632:
49:
16399:
16220:
16121:
16116:
15931:
15540:
13907:
13792:
13767:
13747:
13694:
13190:
12504:
12500:
10744:
9098:
8996:
8975:
8851:
8588:
3368:
3357:
15844:
16489:
16324:
16151:
16131:
13772:
13752:
13709:
13699:
13659:
12948:(parts 1 & 2). Current trends in linguistics (Vol. 10). The Hauge: Mouton. (Reprinted as Sebeok 1976).
10539:
8826:(Hokan + Keresiouan + SubtiabaâTlappanec + Coahuiltecan + Yukian + Tunican + Natchez + Muskogean + Timucua)
6469:, look particularly promising. However, even after decades of research, a large number of families remain.
5007:
2011:
1797:
285:, also called Wampanoag, or Natick (1661â1663); he published the first Bible printed in North America, the
16066:
12507:
would be included resulting in five language families within Europe. Other language families, such as the
11163:
16106:
15590:
14639:
13817:
13757:
13506:
13450:
13323:
13054:
Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.),
10233:
8804:
7763:
5606:
5317:
4919:
11203:
6420:); Na-Dené comes in second with approximately 200,000 speakers (nearly 180,000 of these are speakers of
2931:
2502:
2240:
16255:
16141:
16091:
15655:
15250:
14876:
14257:
13782:
10462:
9087:
9077:
8716:
8206:
7181:
6826:
6457:
3902:
3493:
3448:
2953:
2936:
2654:
2636:
2621:
2522:
2507:
2245:
1508:
1493:
347:
331:
12788:
11445:
https://lop.parl.ca/staticfiles/PublicWebsite/Home/ResearchPublications/HillStudies/PDF/2015-131-E.pdf
6562:
16096:
16081:
15982:
15897:
15660:
15440:
15337:
13371:
10997:
9124:
9056:
8872:
8237:
7585:
6532:
4054:
1792:
1636:
1196:
228:
13099:
Rowe, John H. (1954). Linguistics classification problems in South America. In M. B. Emeneau (Ed.),
13036:
Fabre, Alain. (1998). "Manual de las lenguas indĂgenas sudamericanas, I-II". MĂŒnchen: Lincom Europa.
12993:
Voegelin, Carl F.; & Voegelin, Florence M. (1965). Classification of American Indian languages.
11496:"Indigenous Winnipeg MP delivers speech in Cree in House of Commons - Winnipeg | Globalnews.ca"
11427:
10151:
8742:
16056:
16051:
15606:
14886:
14737:
14719:
14382:
13965:
13445:
11164:"The predicament of language and culture: Advocacy, anthropology, and dormant language communities"
10344:
10204:
10114:
10021:
10001:
9157:
8887:
7241:
6539:
are also common in western North America, although they are rare elsewhere (except, again, for the
5923:
3308:
1100:
275:
61:
57:
41:
12983:(Vol. 1â20). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. (Vols. 1â3, 16, 18â20 not yet published).
5170:
5164:
4086:
4080:
2125:
16317:
16086:
13864:
13460:
13392:
13089:. Historia general de AmĂ©rica (Vol. 10). Caracas: Instituto Panamericano de GeografĂa e Historia.
12446:
11406:"Accounting for the Diversity of Amerindian Languages: Modelling the Settlement of the New World"
10474:
8964:
8836:
8666:
8226:
6473:
5837:
3282:
2967:
2373:
466:
271:
15069:
8039:
7679:
1628:
16240:
16200:
16076:
16071:
16061:
16046:
15584:
15356:
15270:
15235:
14713:
14671:
14480:
14446:
14164:
13128:
11047:
10833:
10427:
10349:
10131:
10104:
9783:
known people with no linguistic record (sometimes due to lost records). A short list is below.
8938:
8677:
7198:
7050:
6554:
6500:
4274:
2055:
1043:
1024:
665:
15512:
15292:
12766:
12176:"Idiomas indĂgenas Macuxi e Wapixana sĂŁo oficializados em municĂpio de Roraima â AmazĂŽnia.org"
8602:
1577:
1035:
1014:
16250:
16230:
16215:
16174:
16136:
15921:
15873:
15758:
15485:
15415:
15352:
14881:
14827:
14746:
14724:
14365:
14247:
13869:
13548:
13455:
13152:
Towards a general typology of South American indigenous languages. A bibliographical database
13068:
12674:
12516:
10679:
10355:
10126:
10054:
9082:
8831:
8783:
8256:
8106:
7253:
6939:
6916:
6817:
6550:
6528:
6489:
6413:
6310:
5774:
5708:
4610:
4598:
4572:
4560:
4464:
4452:
4290:
4283:
4236:
4044:
4037:
3674:
3662:
2576:
2569:
1815:
1771:
1365:
1210:
931:
710:
689:
282:
192:
134:
96:
15697:
15171:
15036:
14779:
14772:
11309:
9831:
8324:
8195:
7212:
3703:
3692:
3032:
3017:
1976:
1953:
1424:
1282:
1264:
16225:
16205:
16007:
15941:
15746:
15595:
14706:
14554:
14120:
14086:
13827:
13822:
13538:
13333:
10793:
10754:
10688:
10313:
10180:
8788:
7717:
7550:
7478:
7469:
7175:
7129:
7086:
7078:
6707:
6699:
6524:
6485:
5327:
5289:
5214:
5208:
2896:
2887:
2708:
2702:
1539:
1466:
1455:
323:
232:
197:
163:, most of the Indigenous languages of the Americas are critically endangered, and many are
15802:
15318:
15178:
12941:. (Map). Bureau of American Ethnology miscellaneous publication (No. 11). Baltimore: Hoen.
12827:
Bright, William (1973). "North American Indian language contact". In Sebeok, T. A. (ed.).
10516:
10503:
8371:
8031:
7947:
7930:
7903:
7771:
6405:
5855:
5480:
5474:
5436:
5430:
5146:
5140:
4651:
4645:
4544:
4300:
3892:
3878:
3867:
3807:
3801:
3773:
3517:
3511:
3064:
3058:
2957:
2947:
2471:
2465:
2209:
1859:
904:
888:
8:
16548:
16245:
16210:
16184:
15702:
15677:
15570:
15506:
15462:
15411:
15401:
15244:
15096:
14891:
14730:
14688:
14628:
14607:
14401:
14337:
14280:
14228:
14213:
14186:
14154:
13970:
12972:
Sletcher, Michael, 'North American Indians', in Will Kaufman and Heidi Macpherson, eds.,
11414:
10507:
10499:
10383:
10228:
10224:(also known as Occaneechee; spoken in Virginia and the Carolinas in early colonial times)
10159:
10085:
10042:
9939:
9901:
9152:
9130:
8763:
8737:
8566:
8172:
8059:
7938:
7895:
7861:
7754:
7726:
7706:
7593:
7531:
7444:
7410:
7247:
6797:
6758:
6752:
6690:
6682:
6673:
6656:
6582:
6397:
6112:
6101:
6048:
5069:
4989:
4983:
4816:
4810:
4685:
4674:
4498:
3882:
3871:
3737:
3722:
3392:
3386:
3130:
2905:
2735:
2518:
2495:
2355:
1980:
1957:
1406:
1082:
908:
892:
526:
15054:
12900:
7374:
6373:
Pre-contact: distribution of North American language families, including northern Mexico
6235:
4955:
4864:
4113:
2628:
2613:
2117:
1462:
1451:
508:
16309:
15998:
15977:
15972:
15967:
15962:
15936:
15878:
15790:
15763:
15665:
15648:
15519:
15495:
15450:
15433:
15396:
15391:
15206:
15089:
15049:
14998:
14802:
14758:
14682:
14582:
14568:
14498:
14388:
14204:
14148:
14141:
14052:
14036:
13832:
13625:
13147:
Diccionario etnolingĂŒĂstico y guĂa bibliogrĂĄfica de los pueblos indĂgenas sudamericanos
12815:
12512:
11296:
Wichmann, Soren (2006). "Mayan Historical Linguistics and Epigraphy: A New Synthesis".
11185:
10805:
10779:
10774:
10710:
10600:
10220:
10140:
10093:
10047:
9813:
9177:
9108:
9037:
8646:
8622:
8616:
8521:
8466:
8446:
8437:
8401:
8349:
8318:
8022:
8013:
7873:
7839:
7570:
7559:
7506:
7464:
7396:
7118:
7107:
7068:
7057:
7039:
6978:
6945:
6849:
6767:
6733:
6665:
6578:
6574:
6558:
6536:
6462:
6449:
6389:
6294:
6252:
5946:
5797:
5645:
5365:
5355:
4826:
4661:
4216:
4072:
3920:
3741:
3726:
3567:
3479:
3462:
3036:
3021:
2847:
2560:
2345:
2339:
2167:
2084:
1968:
1945:
1915:
1680:
945:
536:
287:
278:
244:
201:
15816:
15213:
15192:
15059:
14025:
13110:(14 ed.) (Vol. 5, pp. 138â141). London: The EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica Company, Ltd.
9933:
9164:
Good discussions of past proposals can be found in Campbell (1997) and Campbell &
8959:
8918:
8544:
7914:
7787:
7690:
7204:
5668:
4151:
4096:
3993:
3620:
3253:
2837:
1833:
1031:
1010:
243:. The Indigenous languages of the Americas had widely varying demographics, from the
188:
16235:
16156:
15883:
15856:
15769:
15718:
15634:
15600:
15574:
15546:
15531:
15467:
15157:
15018:
14866:
14808:
14561:
14544:
14519:
14505:
14360:
14223:
14218:
14180:
14063:
13679:
13563:
13343:
13313:
13263:
13118:
13044:
12958:
Sherzer, Joel. (1973). Areal linguistics in North America. In T. A. Sebeok (Ed.),
12913:
12859:
12841:
12777:
12733:
12704:
12567:
12542:
12246:
12155:
11846:
11757:
11383:
11269:
11189:
11137:
11112:
11082:
11012:
10977:
10770:
10720:
10512:
10329:
10010:
9954:
9896:
9891:
9845:
9827:
9747:
9141:
9002:
8688:
8658:
8580:
8390:
8329:
8212:
8100:
7798:
7576:
7542:
7522:
7517:
7498:
7424:
7217:
7158:
7143:
7099:
6964:
6855:
6803:
6791:
6780:
6725:
6642:
6508:
6088:
6071:
5878:
5528:
5378:
5346:
5274:
5264:
5258:
5024:
4884:
4844:
4782:
4713:
4133:
4010:
3936:
3817:
3745:
3730:
3600:
3326:
3273:
2857:
2802:
2536:
2439:
2150:
1990:
1972:
1949:
1606:
1246:
853:
478:
145:
19:
15823:
15373:
15366:
15104:
15082:
15075:
11843:"Census in Brief: The Aboriginal languages of First Nations people, MĂ©tis and Inuit"
9823:
8131:
7853:
7749:
7635:
7487:
6218:
5250:
5180:
4171:
3858:
3378:
2074:
1053:
330:
is the most spoken Native American language, with more than 200,000 speakers in the
15987:
15954:
15910:
15891:
15837:
15796:
15776:
15692:
15641:
15627:
15620:
15613:
15557:
15473:
15386:
15380:
15256:
15130:
15125:
15064:
15025:
14896:
14841:
14834:
14752:
14693:
14621:
14614:
14533:
14491:
14456:
14414:
14395:
14370:
14331:
14310:
14304:
14267:
14174:
14072:
14018:
14011:
14004:
13983:
13837:
13511:
12896:
12831:. Current trends in linguistics. Vol. 10. The Hauge: Mouton. pp. 713â726.
12807:
12662:
12508:
11350:
11332:
11305:
11261:
11177:
11072:
10969:
10813:
10762:
10307:
10303:
10299:
9959:
9906:
9803:
9798:
9793:
9701:
9022:
8820:
8726:
8650:
8489:
8472:
8415:
8360:
8338:
8309:
8298:
8290:
8276:
8264:
8260:
8147:
8075:
7994:
7919:
7887:
7828:
7820:
7624:
7419:
7404:
7385:
7329:
7259:
6908:
6900:
6894:
6886:
6870:
6864:
6841:
6835:
6809:
6786:
6739:
6716:
6634:
6626:
6566:
6520:
6481:
6477:
6385:
6346:
6314:
6170:
6122:
6007:
5841:
5621:
5548:
5466:
5446:
5307:
5224:
5200:
5156:
5106:
4937:
4620:
4410:
4344:
4206:
4200:
3684:
3646:
3364:
3353:
3224:
3189:
3166:
3148:
3113:
3008:
2893:
2884:
2875:
2646:
2632:
2617:
2604:
2457:
2403:
2181:
2175:
2037:
1932:
1719:
1701:
1504:
1500:
1489:
1485:
1180:
1162:
1121:
1039:
1020:
1002:
984:
900:
884:
825:
779:
650:
591:
559:
300:
252:
220:
180:
172:
168:
164:
153:
141:
130:
118:
15331:
15263:
15199:
15185:
15164:
13233:
12201:"EstadĂstica bĂĄsica de la poblaciĂłn hablante de lenguas indĂgenas nacionales 2015"
12086:"EstadĂstica bĂĄsica de la poblaciĂłn hablante de lenguas indĂgenas nacionales 2015"
11939:"EstadĂstica bĂĄsica de la poblaciĂłn hablante de lenguas indĂgenas nacionales 2015"
11727:"EstadĂstica bĂĄsica de la poblaciĂłn hablante de lenguas indĂgenas nacionales 2015"
11700:"EstadĂstica bĂĄsica de la poblaciĂłn hablante de lenguas indĂgenas nacionales 2015"
11670:"EstadĂstica bĂĄsica de la poblaciĂłn hablante de lenguas indĂgenas nacionales 2015"
11643:"EstadĂstica bĂĄsica de la poblaciĂłn hablante de lenguas indĂgenas nacionales 2015"
11603:"EstadĂstica bĂĄsica de la poblaciĂłn hablante de lenguas indĂgenas nacionales 2015"
11567:"EstadĂstica bĂĄsica de la poblaciĂłn hablante de lenguas indĂgenas nacionales 2015"
11336:
11248:
Premm, Hanns J.; Riese, Berthold (1983). Coulmas, Florian; Ehlich, Konrad (eds.).
8530:
8478:
8181:
8112:
8092:
7986:
7776:
3344:
2820:
1684:
1476:
16013:
15947:
15783:
15727:
15501:
15445:
15298:
15150:
15143:
15136:
14699:
14656:
14649:
14526:
14512:
14462:
14376:
14351:
14274:
14240:
14234:
14131:
14097:
13997:
13959:
13516:
13242:
13218:
Programa de FormaciĂłn en EducaciĂłn Intercultural BilingĂŒe para los PaĂses Andinos
13212:
13194:
12986:
Vaas, RĂŒdiger: 'Die Sprachen der Ureinwohner'. In: Stoll, GĂŒnter, Vaas, RĂŒdiger:
12782:. Bureau of American Ethnology. Vol. 2. Washington: Government Print Office.
12771:. Bureau of American Ethnology. Vol. 1. Washington: Government Print Office.
11106:
11076:
10883:
10873:
10817:
10801:
10797:
10766:
10725:
10422:
10407:
10295:
10196:
10167:
10099:
10077:
10034:
9944:
9929:
9886:
9880:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9837:
9808:
9751:
9165:
8980:
8933:
8809:
8572:
8555:
8502:
8497:
8458:
8426:
8382:
8123:
8086:
8067:
8048:
7882:
7809:
7695:
7598:
7430:
7363:
7355:
7312:
7268:
7233:
7187:
7169:
7138:
7072:
7028:
7015:
6930:
6922:
6878:
6648:
6611:
6589:
6544:
6493:
6466:
6433:
6429:
6421:
6409:
6306:
6201:
6180:
6142:
5820:
5688:
5566:
5510:
5490:
5412:
5406:
5398:
5132:
5055:
5034:
4902:
4695:
4681:
4670:
4637:
4390:
4362:
4254:
4028:
3975:
3953:
3793:
3587:
3575:
3547:
3527:
3439:
3402:
3074:
3040:
3025:
2922:
2331:
1964:
1941:
1877:
1671:
1650:
1559:
1139:
871:
807:
624:
327:
260:
248:
184:
176:
126:
15423:
15419:
15044:
8645:
relationships are very likely to be established in the future (for example, the
8161:
6588:
The classification below is a composite of Goddard (1996), Campbell (1997), and
6025:
263:
developed in the Americas, based on European, Indigenous and African languages.
16041:
16020:
15903:
15866:
15830:
15324:
15310:
15286:
15279:
14765:
14597:
14575:
14428:
14407:
14299:
14193:
14113:
14106:
14045:
13990:
13486:
13476:
13407:
13026:
10918:
10582:
10368:
10146:
10072:
9984:
9964:
9924:
9910:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9818:
8949:
8793:
8510:
8246:
8187:
7958:
7735:
7665:
7651:
7643:
7616:
7607:
7450:
7301:
7149:
6984:
6959:
6951:
6775:
6747:
6617:
6445:
6441:
5903:
5751:
5731:
5590:
5422:
5089:
4975:
4802:
4518:
4478:
4320:
3965:
3948:
3713:
3636:
3628:
3099:
3050:
2781:
2755:
2674:
2586:
2422:
2313:
2295:
2094:
2027:
2019:
1895:
1849:
1841:
966:
918:
731:
578:
312:
236:
13937:
13078:
Mason, J. Alden. (1950). The languages of South America. In J. Steward (Ed.),
11515:"Sound of native languages in parliament to mark win for indigenous Canadians"
11468:"Meet Robert-Falcon Ouellette: Veteran, former parliamentarian, and professor"
11265:
10155:(also known as NheengatĂș, Lingua Boa, Lingua BrasĂlica, Lingua Geral do Norte)
16724:
15809:
15752:
15712:
14469:
14435:
14421:
14079:
13976:
13481:
13422:
13308:
11102:
10892:
10840:
10758:
10692:
10212:
10029:
10006:
9988:
9949:
9172:
7975:
7967:
7228:
7003:
6989:
6970:
6603:
6425:
6272:
5987:
5030:
4764:
4738:
4192:
3834:
3419:
3207:
2991:
2718:
2694:
2526:
2511:
2481:
2191:
1737:
1518:
1442:
1356:
1318:
1300:
1228:
1148:
394:
360:
lists several hypotheses for the historical origins of Amerindian languages.
357:
316:
267:
196:
at home in the 2011 census. In Greenland, about 90% of the population speaks
101:
10200:(also known as Mobilian Trade Jargon, Chickasaw-Chocaw Trade Language, YamĂĄ)
8154:(also known as Mayna, Mumurana, Numurana, Maina, Rimachu, Roamaina, Umurano)
7287:
235:). Several Indigenous cultures of the Americas had also developed their own
18:"Amerindian language" redirects here. For the proposed language family, see
15220:
13674:
13412:
13402:
13397:
13151:
12666:
10923:
10908:
10628:
10175:
10109:
9918:
9788:
9006:
8928:
8923:
8903:
8877:
8752:
8654:
7844:
6512:
6160:
4582:
3912:
3503:
2103:
1392:
1339:
748:
400:
368:
335:
319:
in Bolivia, where in practice, Spanish is dominant in all formal contexts.
106:
12112:
477:
Bullet points represent minority language status. Political entities with
13141:
12592:
Macro-Mayan includes Mayan, Totonacan, MixeâZoquean, and sometimes Huave.
10809:
10787:
10684:
10673:
10639:
10594:
10548:
10494:
10486:
10455:
10416:
10377:
10338:
10289:
10216:(spoken during the 18thâ19th centuries; later replaced by Chinook Jargon)
10014:
8913:
8882:
4436:
3089:
2664:
2413:
1788:
240:
13201:
Center for the Study of the Native Languages of the Plains and Southwest
8892:
7296:
5190:
5079:
4508:
4182:
3763:
3235:
2745:
92:
13417:
13387:
13075:. Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, University of California.
12967:
An areal-typological study of American Indian languages north of Mexico
12793:. Bureau of American Ethnology. Vol. 3. GlĂŒckstadt: J.J. Augustin.
12730:
American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America
12560:
American Indian languages: the historical linguistics of Native America
12406:
12391:
12376:
12330:
12315:
11868:
11380:
American Indian languages: the historical linguistics of Native America
11181:
11108:
American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America
10569:
10433:
10394:
8861:
8002:
7325:
7019:
The Indigenous languages of Mexico that have more than 100,000 speakers
6437:
5321:
5059:
5047:
4161:
354:
American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America
13205:
12819:
12749:
The languages of native America: Historical and comparative assessment
11250:"Autochthonous American writing systems: The Aztec and Mayan examples"
16553:
13182:
The Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas
10878:
10845:
10783:
10715:
10520:
10469:
10067:
6381:
6377:
5969:
4123:
3239:
3120:
3108:
2490:
2251:
2231:
2218:
1755:
387:
381:
224:
7023:
334:. The US Marine Corps recruited Navajo men, who were established as
16539:
16341:
13669:
13228:
13197:(collection of ethnographic, linguistic, & historical material)
12870:
Goddard, Ives (2005). "The indigenous languages of the southeast".
12811:
12798:
Boas, Franz (1929). "Classification of American Indian languages".
12496:
10963:
10913:
10888:
10737:
10669:
10636:
10613:
10590:
10544:
10491:
10451:
10412:
10373:
10334:
10284:
10121:
9760:
8841:
8711:
7805:(also known as Auca, Huaorani, Wao, Auka, Sabela, Waorani, Waodani)
6540:
5297:
4488:
3961:
3290:
2660:
1377:
544:
304:
60:
external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
13187:
13041:
Amazonian linguistics: Studies in lowland South American languages
11378:
Campbell, Lyle (1997). "The Origin of American Indian Languages".
377:
Multilingual migrations (single migration with multiple languages)
11353:[Law of Greenland Self-Determination Chapter 7 Language]
10749:
10644:
10554:
9914:
9841:
6417:
5890:
5832:
5500:
5456:
5331:
5293:
5285:
5011:
4923:
4914:
4725:
4606:
4591:
4468:
4445:
4380:
4374:
3429:
3298:
3294:
2393:
2140:
1779:
1764:
1382:
1372:
606:
380:
The influx of already diversified but related languages from the
256:
149:
125:
to each other; instead, they are classified into a hundred or so
13188:
Southern Oregon Digital Archives First Nations Tribal Collection
13171:
13108:
The encyclopĂŠdia britannica: A new survey of universal knowledge
13106:
Sapir, Edward. (1929). Central and North American languages. In
11818:"Brasil tem cinco lĂnguas indĂgenas com mais de 10 mil falantes"
9043:(many languages of California and sometimes languages in Mexico)
8283:(also known as Guenaken, Gennaken, Pampa, Pehuenche, Ranquelche)
6499:
Another area of considerable diversity appears to have been the
3489:
3243:
3085:
2942:
465:
Colombia delegates local Indigenous language recognition to the
406:
10866:
10855:
10649:
10609:
10605:
10563:
10524:
10388:
10188:
10038:(also known as Bungi, Bungie, Bungay, or the Red River Dialect)
10005:(also known as Micmac-Basque Pidgin, Souriquois; spoken by the
9980:
7304:
7034:
6453:
6369:
6328:
6281:
6057:
6034:
5955:
5932:
5864:
5806:
5783:
5760:
5717:
5654:
5599:
5240:
5233:
5122:
5115:
4568:
4553:
4534:
4527:
4460:
4426:
4419:
3670:
3655:
3176:
2285:
2278:
1783:
1387:
532:
322:
In the North American Arctic region, Greenland in 2009 elected
160:
13217:
13094:
Linguas brasileiras: Para o conhecimento das linguas indĂgenas
12583:
American-ArcticâPaleosiberian Phylum, Luoravetlan â and beyond
13206:
Project for the Documentation of the Languages of Mesoamerica
12346:
10278:
10192:(also known as French Cree, MĂ©tis, Metchif, Mitchif, MĂ©tchif)
9756:
7090:
6570:
6516:
1801:
183:
of Mexico, with almost two million each; the Mayan languages
13258:
13176:
11990:
11988:
11986:
11924:
11922:
11920:
11918:
11916:
11413:
Paper presented at the Archaeology Research Seminar, RSPAS,
11149:
10089:(also known as Herschel Island Eskimo Pidgin, Ship's Jargon)
1808:
Nunavut, Northwest Territories, Quebec and Labrador, Canada
13167:
Documentation Center of the Linguistic Minorities of Panama
8758:(Coahuilteco + Cotoname + Comecrudan + Karankawa + Tonkawa)
3455:
Canada (Ontario & Quebec) and United States (New York)
12227:
Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics (28 March 2018).
12136:
Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics (28 March 2018).
7954:(Kaweskar, Alacaluf, Qawasqar, Halawalip, AksanĂĄ, Hekaine)
6424:), and Algic in third with about 180,000 speakers (mainly
486:
List of Widely Spoken and Officially Recognized Languages
13033:. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press.
12539:
A Guide to the World's Languages Volume 1: Classification
11983:
11913:
441:
Argentina: Provincial determination of language policies.
326:
as its sole official language. In the United States, the
16339:
13181:
13172:
The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America
13101:
Papers from the symposium on American Indian linguistics
12974:
Britain and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History
7672:(also known as Atacama, Atakama, Atacameño, Lipe, Kunsa)
6448:); Na-Dené spans from Alaska and western Canada through
444:
United States: State determination of language policies.
419:
Venezuela: Official status for all Indigenous languages.
390:
linguistic relatives (while the New World ones survived)
13113:
Voegelin, Carl F.; & Voegelin, Florence M. (1977).
12856:
Native languages and language families of North America
121:. The Indigenous languages of the Americas are not all
13293:
10993:
Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas
10184:(also known as Copper Island Aleut, Medniy Aleut, CIA)
8640:
Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas
6335:
Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas
416:
Bolivia: Official status for all Indigenous languages.
364:
A single, one-language migration (not widely accepted)
13146:
13043:(pp. 13â67). Austin: University of Texas Press.
12840:. Vol. 17. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.
10058:(also known as Ndjuka-Amerindian Pidgin, Ndjuka-Trio)
8661:). Below is a (partial) list of some such proposals:
367:
A few linguistically distinct migrations (favored by
133:), as well as a number of extinct languages that are
13162:
Indigenous Peoples Languages: Articles, News, Videos
13087:
Panorama general de las lenguas indĂgenas en AmĂ©rica
13085:
Migliazza, Ernest C.; & Campbell, Lyle. (1988).
11382:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 90â106.
10988:
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas
10983:
Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America
10945:
8433:(also known as Magta, Tikuna, Tucuna, Tukna, Tukuna)
431:
Colombia: Local recognition at the department level.
393:
Migration along the Pacific coast instead of by the
171:(spoken primarily in southern Peru and Bolivia) and
11552:
11550:
11548:
10163:(also known as Lingua Geral Paulista, TupĂ Austral)
6285:, United States (Extinct, but retains recognition)
5614:Alaska, United States and British Columbia, Canada
438:
and Indigenous languages recognition in Parliament.
13129:Debian North American Indigenous Languages Project
12447:"A loss for words: Can a dying language be saved?"
11546:
11544:
11542:
11540:
11538:
11536:
11534:
11532:
11530:
11528:
7891:(also known as Caliana, Cariana, Sapé, Chirichano)
7276:
6515:(for example, some languages have words that lack
447:Brazil: Local recognition of Indigenous languages.
231:) and the end of the 15th century (the voyages of
13115:Classification and index of the world's languages
13073:Classification of South American Indian languages
12519:families have entered Europe in later migrations.
12473:"UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger"
12291:"UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger"
12267:"UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger"
11972:. Government of Canada, Statistics. 2 August 2017
11256:. Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs.
11028:List of endangered languages in the United States
7866:(also known as HirahĂĄran, Jirajarano, Jirajarana)
44:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines
16722:
12566:, pp. 260â329. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
8694:(all languages excepting Eskaleut & Na-Dené)
12747:Campbell, Lyle; Mithun, Marianne, eds. (1979).
11525:
9722:across much of northern Eurasia, as in English
7349:List of unclassified languages of South America
7122:(Mexico: language of undeciphered inscriptions)
6597:List of unclassified languages of North America
425:Guatemala: Recognizes all Indigenous languages.
14638:
12979:Sturtevant, William C. (Ed.). (1978âpresent).
12746:
9974:
8253:Pre-Arawakan languages of the Greater Antilles
8009:(also known as Araucanian, Mapuche, Huilliche)
16325:
14954:
13923:
13279:
13235:International Journal of American Linguistics
12679:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (
12622:
12342:
12340:
11038:List of indigenous languages of South America
11033:List of endangered languages with mobile apps
7341:
7010:
6585:, and the unusual verb structure of Na-Dené.
6320:Ontario, Canada, and New York, United States
5848:Ontario, Canada, and New York, United States
1925:Alberta, Canada & Montana, United States
428:Guyana: Recognizes most Indigenous languages.
407:Numbers of speakers and political recognition
16662:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
13142:CatĂĄlogo de lĂnguas indĂgenas sul-americanas
12885:"Studies of North American Indian Languages"
12251:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
12160:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
11351:"Lov om GrĂžnlands Selvstyre Kapitel 7 Sprog"
11136:(15th ed.). Dallas: SIL International.
7555:(also known as Chapacura-Wanham, TxapakĂșran)
6329:Language families and unclassified languages
6211:Tierra del Fuego, Chile/Argentina (Extinct)
422:Mexico: Recognizes all Indigenous languages.
14817:
13254:Swadesh Lists of Brazilian Native Languages
10250:Indigenous Writing Systems of the Americas
8633:
6303:Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation
5887:Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation
5829:Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation
4911:Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation
4371:Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation
16332:
16318:
14961:
14947:
13930:
13916:
13286:
13272:
13008:
12701:American Indian linguistics and literature
12337:
11247:
8219:(also known as Latacunga, Quito, Pansaleo)
7573:(Central America & South America) (22)
6243:Mexico (Extinct, but retains recognition)
14970:Indigenous language families and isolates
13939:Indigenous language families and isolates
12912:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12178:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from
12029:"PROTO-MACRO-JĂ: UM ESTUDO RECONSTRUTIVO"
11071:
11043:List of indigenous languages in Argentina
10956:Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal
8493:(also known as Shimacu, Itukale, Shimaku)
6806:(United States, Canada & Mexico) (39)
4722:Salt River PimaâMaricopa Indian Community
2131:Salt River PimaâMaricopa Indian Community
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
14543:
13063:The grouping of South American languages
12727:
11694:
11692:
11597:
11595:
11593:
11591:
11589:
11377:
11295:
11161:
11111:. Oxford University Press. p. 253.
11101:
10208:(also known as Pidgin Basque-Montagnais)
9979:Various miscellaneous languages such as
8526:(also known as Huitotoan, BoraâWitĂłtoan)
7295:
7286:
7033:
7022:
7014:
6376:
6368:
5339:California & Arizona, United States
1694:Amazonas regions of Brazil and Colombia
137:due to the lack of information on them.
91:
15035:
12869:
12835:
12718:
12637:
12631:
12444:
11637:
11635:
11633:
11631:
11629:
11627:
11625:
11322:
11310:10.1146/annurev.anthro.35.081705.123257
10050:, Collahuaya, Pohena, Kolyawaya Jargon)
9991:are given below in alphabetical order.
9777:
4755:North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region
4748:North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region
2772:North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region
2765:North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region
1643:Guatemala, Belize, Nicaragua, Honduras
1621:North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region
1190:North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region
16723:
12997:, Native American fasc. 2, sec. 1.6).
12907:
12882:
12826:
12698:
12499:is considered to be a part of Europe,
12226:
12135:
12129:
12063:
12061:
11403:
11260:. Berlin: Mouton Publishers: 167â186.
11131:
11023:List of endangered languages in Mexico
11018:List of endangered languages in Canada
10665:Komqwejwi'kasikl (Miêkmaw Hieroglyphs)
9051:(Wintuan + Maiduan + Yokutsan + Utian)
16313:
15308:
14942:
13911:
13267:
13250:(Saskatchewan Indian Cultural Centre)
12910:The languages of Native North America
12790:Handbook of American Indian languages
12779:Handbook of American Indian languages
12768:Handbook of American Indian languages
12732:. New York: Oxford University Press.
12427:. Government of Canada. 2 August 2017
12059:
12057:
12055:
12053:
12051:
12049:
12047:
12045:
12043:
12041:
12015:Mopan MayaâSpanishâEnglish Dictionary
11884:
11882:
11880:
11878:
11824:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 2014-12-11
11812:
11810:
11808:
11806:
11804:
11802:
11800:
11798:
11689:
11586:
11512:
11204:"Census Shows Native Languages Count"
11125:
11053:Native American Languages Act of 1990
10135:(also known as Labrador Inuit Pidgin)
9062:(Takelma + Coosan + Siuslaw + Alsean)
9012:(Haida + Tlingit + Eyak + Athabaskan)
8609:(also known as Yurimangui, Yurimangi)
7923:(Brazil: ParaĂba, Pernambuco, CearĂĄ)
7722:(also known as Guaykuruan, WaikurĂșan)
7413:(South America & Caribbean) (64)
7283:Indigenous languages of South America
552:Paraguay, Bolivia, Argentina, Brazil
493:
16731:Indigenous languages of the Americas
13058:(pp. 46â76). London: Routledge.
12797:
12786:
12775:
12764:
12751:. Austin: University of Texas Press.
12351:MĂ©xico: Lenguas indĂgenas nacionales
12069:"IBGE â Indigenous languages census"
11622:
11132:Gordon, Raymond G. Jr., ed. (2005).
9710:and second-person singular forms in
8242:(also known as Yaguan, YĂĄwan, Peban)
7783:(also known as JotĂ, Hoti, Waruwaru)
5334:, United States (Ballot Recognition)
5324:, United States (Ballot Recognition)
5050:, United States (Ballot Recognition)
114:Indigenous languages of the Americas
24:
13225:(University of California at Davis)
13029:; & Muysken, Pieter C. (2004).
12934:, Lincoln: University of Nebraska).
12901:10.1146/annurev.an.19.100190.001521
12541:, p.216. Edward Arnold. Paperback:
11513:Cecco, Leyland (January 27, 2019).
9766:
9746:.) This pattern was first noted by
7658:(also known as Culli, Linga, Kulyi)
6364:
6263:(Extinct, but retains recognition)
1590:Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities
1066:Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities
838:Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities
792:Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities
764:Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities
13:
16736:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
13562:
13295:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
13080:Handbook of South American Indians
12990:Hirzel. Stuttgart 2001, chapter 7.
12981:Handbook of North American Indians
12838:Handbook of North American Indians
12038:
11875:
11795:
11169:Journal of Linguistic Anthropology
11134:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
11003:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
10529:3rd century BCE â 17th century CE
10319:3rd millennium BCE â 17th century
10240:
10063:Carib PidginâArawak Mixed Language
8408:(also known as Tekiraka, Avishiri)
8018:(also known as MaskĂłian, Mascoian)
7849:(also known as GĂȘ, JĂȘan, GĂȘan, Ye)
6527:(they are otherwise restricted to
6507:inventories. The languages of the
5044:Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation
214:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
14:
16752:
13135:
13013:. Oxford: Berg. pp. 135â155.
12951:Sebeok, Thomas A. (Ed.). (1976).
12944:Sebeok, Thomas A. (Ed.). (1973).
12445:Thurman, Judith (23 March 2015).
9714:. (Compare first-person singular
8986:(Salishan + Wakashan + Chimakuan)
8451:(also known as TinĂwan, Pamiguan)
7683:(also known as Esmeralda, Takame)
7513:(also known as Canesi, Kanichana)
7483:(also known as Jebero, KawapĂĄnan)
7271:(United States & Mexico) (11)
7256:(United States & Mexico) (33)
6710:(United States & Mexico) (3)
6543:region, parts of Africa, and the
1344:100,000 (circa; outdated figure)
16538:
16505:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
13342:
13229:Native Languages of the Americas
13019:
12953:Native languages of the Americas
12757:
12648:in Native America: a fresh look"
10962:
10948:
9773:Linguistic areas of the Americas
9604:TlapanecâSubtiaba as Otomanguean
8867:(Macro-Siouan + Keresan + Yuchi)
7910:(also known as Kanoé, Kapishanå)
6519:entirely). The languages of the
3945:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
1611:50,000 (circa; outdated figure)
599:Bolivia, Peru, Argentina, Chile
29:
13223:Native American Language Center
13065:. TĂŒbingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.
12691:
12613:
12610:Alternatively TakelmaâKalapuyan
12604:
12595:
12586:
12577:
12552:
12531:
12522:
12489:
12465:
12438:
12413:
12398:
12383:
12368:
12355:
12322:
12307:
12283:
12259:
12220:
12193:
12168:
12105:
12078:
12021:
12006:
11997:
11958:
11931:
11860:
11835:
11771:
11746:
11719:
11662:
11559:
11506:
11488:
11474:
11460:
11449:
11438:
11420:
11397:
11371:
11343:
11008:Language families and languages
10654:14th century â 17th century CE
10618:13th century â 17th century CE
10171:(also known as Jargon Loucheux)
10081:(also known as Pidgin Delaware)
9932:(possibly the same language as
9147:(Tunica + Atakapa + Chitimacha)
7835:(also known as Saramo, Machoto)
7502:(also known as Maina, Kandoshi)
7494:(also known as Sibundoy, Coche)
7378:(also known as Andaqui, AndakĂ)
7370:(also known as AikanĂŁ, TubarĂŁo)
7277:South America and the Caribbean
6935:(also known as MiwokâCostanoan)
6349:or families are indicated by:
481:status are highlighted in bold.
13056:Atlas of the world's languages
12655:Italian Journal of Linguistics
11316:
11289:
11241:
11220:
11196:
11155:
11095:
11065:
9997:American Indian Pidgin English
9103:(also known as SechuraâTallan)
8944:(Siouan + Iroquoian + Caddoan)
8799:(Muskogean + Natchez + Tunica)
8595:(also known as Carabayo, JurĂ)
8397:(also known as Pinchi, Pinche)
7324:It is fair to say that SA and
6831:(also known as Shahapwailutan)
6511:are notable for their complex
6228:Formerly all of the Caribbean
2387:Fort Apache Indian Reservation
471:Colombian Constitution of 1991
1:
13259:Alaska Native Language Center
13177:Indigenous Language Institute
12889:Annual Review of Anthropology
12703:. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
12564:Distant Genetic Relationships
12328:HavasupaiâWalapaiâYavapai at
11895:. p. 277. Archived from
11337:10.1525/ae.1987.14.1.02a00080
11298:Annual Review of Anthropology
11081:. Stanford University Press.
11058:
10745:Canadian Aboriginal syllabics
10046:(also known as Machaj-Juyai,
10025:(also known as Broken Ojibwa)
9093:(also known as ZaparoâYaguan)
8548:(Brazil: Pernambuco, ParaĂba)
8534:(Brazil: Alagoas, Pernambuco)
8375:(Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte)
7527:(also known as Caribe, Carib)
7457:(also known as Betoy, Jirara)
7437:(also known as BaenĂĄn, BaenĂŁ)
3913:Fox (Mesquakie-Sauk-Kickapoo)
3412:Brazil (Amazonas) & Peru
2830:Brazil (Para & Amazonas)
207:
129:(including a large number of
16340:Indigenous languages of the
13096:. São Paulo: EdiçÔes Loyola.
12988:Spurensuche im Indianerland.
12960:Linguistics in North America
12946:Linguistics in North America
12829:Linguistics in North America
12013:
8514:(Guyana, Surinam, Venezuela)
8462:(Brazil: Xingu, Mato Grosso)
6173:, Chile/Argentina (Extinct)
5008:Havasupai Indian Reservation
2258:Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela
1798:Inuvialuit Settlement Region
564:5,000,000 (outdated figure)
7:
12999:Anthropological Linguistics
12969:. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
12872:Anthropological Linguistics
12836:Goddard, Ives, ed. (1996).
12619:Nichols & Peterson 1996
12003:Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)
11994:Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
11928:Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
10941:
10465:, Highland Mayan languages
10310:and other Andean languages
10234:Plains Indian Sign Language
9975:Pidgins and mixed languages
9718:and second-person singular
9695:
9578:SahaptianâKlamathâTsimshian
9048:California Penutian
9027:(Andaqui + Paez + Panzaleo)
8970:(Muran + Matanawi + Huarpe)
8482:(Brazil: Bahia, Pernambuco)
8044:(also known as MashakalĂan)
7669:(Chile, Bolivia, Argentina)
7589:(also known as UruâChipaya)
6525:pharyngeals and epiglottals
5607:Council of the Haida Nation
4920:Oneida Nation of the Thames
3954:Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma
3706:, Colombia & Venezuela
1664:Canada & United States
1155:Southwestern United States
311:official use. Examples are
239:, the best known being the
10:
16757:
16741:Proposed language families
15688:ArawanâHarĂĄkmbutâKatukinan
13092:Rodrigues, Aryon. (1986).
13031:The languages of the Andes
12976:, (2 vols., Oxford, 2005).
12719:Brinton, Daniel G (1891).
12537:Ruhlen, Merritt. (1991 ).
9770:
9699:
9565:SahaptianâKlamathâ(Molala)
8637:
8027:(also known as Mataguayan)
7943:(also known as Catuquinan)
7612:(also known as Patagonian)
7346:
7280:
7048:
7011:Central America and Mexico
6594:
6523:area have relatively rare
6332:
5099:California, United States
3449:Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne
3217:New Mexico, United States
3182:Brazil, Venezuela, Guyana
2728:New Mexico, United States
2655:Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma
2432:New Mexico, United States
1185:140,000 (outdated figure)
736:700,000 (outdated figure)
682:Guatemala, Belize, Mexico
500:Area(s) Language is spoken
348:Settlement of the Americas
345:
341:
332:Southwestern United States
211:
17:
16680:
16647:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
16547:
16536:
16348:
16264:
16193:
16165:
16034:
15996:
15920:
15854:
15737:
15676:
15569:
15529:
15483:
15410:
15350:
15230:
15118:
15008:
14988:
14905:
14859:
14790:
14670:
14596:
14479:
14445:
14350:
14320:
14289:
14256:
14203:
14163:
14130:
14096:
14062:
14035:
13949:
13883:
13810:
13728:
13645:
13636:
13606:
13529:
13499:
13469:
13438:
13431:
13380:
13351:
13340:
13301:
12908:Mithun, Marianne (1999).
12883:Mithun, Marianne (1990).
12723:. New York: D. C. Hodges.
12601:SiouanâIroquoianâCaddoanâ
11266:10.1515/9783110822830.167
11150:http://www.ethnologue.com
10998:Haplogroup Q-M242 (Y-DNA)
10096:(West Greenlandic Pidgin)
9883:(possibly related to Ais)
8847:KandoshiâOmuranoâTaushiro
8184:(also known as Nasa Yuwe)
7535:(also known as KatakĂĄoan)
7415:(also known as Maipurean)
7075:& South America) (22)
6533:languages of the Caucasus
2915:Canada and United States
1793:Newfoundland and Labrador
1540:Kalaallisut (Greenlandic)
938:Venezuela & Colombia
229:Newfoundland and Labrador
200:, the most widely spoken
16667:Turks and Caicos Islands
13157:South American Languages
12937:Powell, John W. (1915).
12699:Bright, William (1984).
11779:"Greenland's statistics"
11078:Language in the Americas
10935:Herman Mongrain Lookout
10632:(Mixteca-Puebla script)
10586:(Mixteca-Puebla script)
10316:(Western South America)
10205:Montagnais Pidgin Basque
10115:Inuktitut-English Pidgin
10002:Algonquian-Basque pidgin
9178:Germanic language family
9136:(Totonacan + MixeâZoque)
9067:Mexican Penutian
8898:(also known as Macro-JĂȘ)
8705:(Algic + Beothuk + Gulf)
8634:Language stock proposals
8430:(Colombia, Peru, Brazil)
7982:(also known as Tonocoté)
7759:(also known as Tuyoneri)
7731:(also known as WahĂvoan)
7563:(also known as CharrĂșan)
7342:Language stock proposals
7311:Although both North and
6456:, and California to the
2932:SĂŁo Gabriel da Cachoeira
2503:SĂŁo Gabriel da Cachoeira
2382:San Carlos Apache Nation
2266:Yup'ik (Central Alaskan)
2241:SĂŁo Gabriel da Cachoeira
899:Ecuador & Colombia (
436:Indigenous Languages Act
276:Massachusetts Bay Colony
13117:. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
12965:Sherzer, Joel. (1976).
12854:Goddard, Ives. (1999).
12728:Campbell, Lyle (1997).
12638:Zamponi, Raoul (2017).
12558:Campbell, Lyle (1997).
12365:. Retrieved 2018-04-14.
11162:Schwartz, Saul (2018).
9987:, trade languages, and
9617:TlingitâEyakâAthabaskan
9357:Keresan and Uto-Aztecan
8852:(Macro-)KatembriâTaruma
8672:(also known as Almosan)
8653:, which, incidentally,
8475:(70, including GuaranĂ)
8334:(also known as SĂĄlivan)
8082:(also known as Muniche)
8063:(also known as Mosetén)
7603:(also known as Chocoan)
6436:) with two outliers in
5838:Cattaraugus Reservation
5017:Arizona, United States
4731:Arizona, United States
3283:Muscogee (Creek) Nation
3266:Brazil & Venezuela
3001:Arizona, United States
2795:Guatemala & Belize
2224:Brazil & Venezuela
2004:Guatemala & Mexico
1532:Guatemala & Mexico
1332:Guatemala & Mexico
1114:Guatemala & Mexico
959:Guatemala & Mexico
772:Guatemala & Mexico
703:Guatemala & Mexico
469:level according to the
105:, ca. 11â12th century,
16582:British Virgin Islands
16289:Unclassified languages
14923:Unclassified languages
12995:Languages of the world
12669:(inactive 2024-04-18).
12667:10.26346/1120-2726-113
11404:Blench, Roger (2008).
11048:Mesoamerican languages
10851:Central Alaskan Yup'ik
10806:Chipewyan (Denesuline)
10428:Isthmus of Tehuantepec
10350:Isthmus of Tehuantepec
10283:N/A (string) Possibly
10152:Lingua Geral AmazĂŽnica
10132:Labrador Eskimo Pidgin
9643:Wakashan and Chimakuan
9344:JicaqueâTequistlatecan
8857:Kaweskar language area
8732:(Uto-Aztecan + Tanoan)
8683:(Almosan + Keresiouan)
8627:(also known as ZĂĄparo)
8576:(also known as Jaruro)
8562:(also known as YĂĄmana)
8517:(also known as Guarao)
8422:(Patagonia, Argentina)
7998:(also known as Malibu)
7878:(also known as HĂvaro)
7474:(also known as Aimoré)
7392:(also known as Andoke)
7334:
7308:
7293:
7051:Mesoamerican languages
7042:
7031:
7020:
6501:Southeastern Woodlands
6400:
6374:
6064:Alaska, United States
6041:Alaska, United States
5962:Alaska, United States
5939:Alaska, United States
5871:Alaska, United States
5813:Alaska, United States
5790:Alaska, United States
5767:Alaska, United States
5724:Alaska, United States
5661:Alaska, United States
4571:, United States &
4463:, United States &
3673:, United States &
227:and failed efforts in
109:
16495:Saint Kitts and Nevis
15859:, Bolivia, and Chile)
15680:(west-central Brazil)
13616:European colonization
13061:Key, Mary R. (1979).
13027:Adelaar, Willem F. H.
10834:James Evans ááá»á
áááá
10463:MixeâZoquean language
10127:Keresan Sign Language
9921:(Muscogean languages)
9114:(Takelma + Kalapuyan)
8537:(also known as ShokĂł)
7824:(Brazil: Mato Grosso)
7813:(also known as Warpe)
7318:
7299:
7290:
7162:(northeastern Mexico)
7037:
7026:
7018:
6529:Afroasiatic languages
6380:
6372:
6333:Further information:
6311:Tuscarora Reservation
4611:Northwest Territories
4599:Northwest Territories
4573:Northwest Territories
4561:Northwest Territories
4465:Northwest Territories
4453:Northwest Territories
4291:Northwest Territories
4284:Northwest Territories
4045:Northwest Territories
4038:Northwest Territories
3675:Northwest Territories
3663:Northwest Territories
3141:Brazil & Bolivia
2577:Northwest Territories
2570:Northwest Territories
2126:Tohono OÊŒodham Nation
1772:Northwest Territories
1366:Northwest Territories
658:Bolivia, Peru, Chile
497:Official Recognition
338:during World War II.
283:Massachusett language
212:Further information:
95:
13334:Solutrean hypothesis
13011:Endangered languages
12787:Boas, Franz (1911).
12776:Boas, Franz (1911).
12765:Boas, Franz (1911).
11325:American Ethnologist
10794:Athabaskan languages
10755:Algonquian languages
10689:Prince Edward Island
10345:MixeâZoque languages
10314:Andean civilizations
9778:Unattested languages
9212:Almosan (and beyond)
9171:Amerindian linguist
9070:(MixeâZoque + Huave)
8805:Macro-KulyiâCholĂłnan
8294:(also known as MakĂș)
8199:(Brazil: Pernambuco)
8116:(Brazil: Pernambuco)
8096:(also known as Loco)
7791:(Brazil: Pernambuco)
7742:(also known as Wamo)
7191:(Mexico: Tamaulipas)
3286:, OK, United States
1203:Nicaragua, Honduras
724:Mexico & Belize
640:(Official Language)
635:(Official Language)
575:(Official Language)
570:(Official Language)
519:(Official Language)
279:translated the Bible
233:Christopher Columbus
97:Yucatec Maya writing
50:improve this article
16672:U.S. Virgin Islands
16515:Trinidad and Tobago
16360:Antigua and Barbuda
16282:Marañón River basin
16147:TequiracaâCanichana
16127:MayaâYungaâChipayan
14872:AlgonquianâWakashan
13715:Trinidad and Tobago
12955:. New York: Plenum.
12505:Northeast Caucasian
12501:Northwest Caucasian
12425:www12.statcan.gc.ca
12404:Mojave language at
12233:www12.statcan.gc.ca
12142:www12.statcan.gc.ca
11970:www12.statcan.gc.ca
11415:Canberra, Australia
11148:. (Online version:
10775:Blackfoot (Siksika)
10508:Tzeltalan languages
10384:Zapotecan languages
10251:
10229:Pidgin Massachusett
10160:Lingua Geral do Sul
10086:Eskimo Trade Jargon
9448:MisumalpanâChibchan
9120:TequiracaâCanichana
8837:JivaroanâCahuapanan
8667:AlgonquianâWakashan
8165:(Brazil: SĂŁo Paulo)
7639:(Colombia, Ecuador)
6583:Chimakuan languages
6537:Ejective consonants
6398:Tahlequah, Oklahoma
5029:427 (525 including
2496:Guaviare Department
2414:Mato Grosso, Brazil
494:Number of speakers
487:
374:Multiple migrations
156:, and coincidence.
62:footnote references
16425:Dominican Republic
16102:EsmeraldaâYaruroan
16035:Proposed groupings
14989:Language families
14860:Proposed groupings
13950:Language families
13875:In popular culture
13626:Columbian exchange
13621:Population history
13352:Mythology/Religion
13241:2007-11-23 at the
13211:2012-03-18 at the
13193:2012-02-09 at the
12644:and second-person
11182:10.1111/jola.12204
10780:Eskaleut languages
10711:Cherokee syllabary
10697:17thâ19th century
10601:Mixtecan languages
10249:
10094:Greenlandic Pidgin
10017:in eastern Canada)
9702:N–M pronouns
9422:MayaâChipayaâYunga
9225:AtakapaâChitimacha
8779:EsmeraldaâYaruroan
8743:ChikitanoâBorĂłroan
8721:(AhuaqueâKalianan)
8678:AlmosanâKeresiouan
8592:(Colombia, Brazil)
8272:(Cuba, Hispaniola)
8052:(Colombia: TubarĂĄ)
8006:(Chile, Argentina)
7963:(Brazil: RondĂŽnia)
7907:(Brazil: RondĂŽnia)
7699:(Brazil: MaranhĂŁo)
7367:(Brazil: RondĂŽnia)
7309:
7294:
7221:(northeast Mexico)
7111:(Mexico: Guerrero)
7093:& Mexico) (3)
7043:
7040:Chibchan languages
7032:
7021:
6559:Eskaleut languages
6401:
6396:â "alehwisdiha"),
6390:Cherokee syllabary
6375:
5000:HavasupaiâHualapai
3921:Sac and Fox Nation
3472:Brazil & Peru
3369:Norte de Santander
3358:Norte de Santander
2848:Mato Grosso do Sul
2085:Mato Grosso do Sul
840:(De facto), Mexico
794:(De facto), Mexico
766:(De facto), Mexico
537:Mato Grosso do Sul
485:
434:Canada: Bill C-91
288:Eliot Indian Bible
245:Quechuan languages
110:
16718:
16717:
16307:
16306:
16277:Extinct languages
16030:
16029:
15346:
15345:
15114:
15113:
14983:
14936:
14935:
14918:Extinct languages
14855:
14854:
14851:
14850:
14666:
14665:
14592:
14591:
14346:
14345:
14322:TakelmaâKalapuyan
13905:
13904:
13806:
13805:
13602:
13601:
13525:
13524:
13495:
13494:
13314:Pre-Columbian era
13069:Loukotka, ÄestmĂr
12721:The American race
12528:Nater 1984, pg. 5
12208:site.inali.gob.mx
12093:site.inali.gob.mx
11946:site.inali.gob.mx
11849:. 25 October 2017
11847:Statistics Canada
11758:Canada Statistics
11734:site.inali.gob.mx
11707:site.inali.gob.mx
11677:site.inali.gob.mx
11650:site.inali.gob.mx
11610:site.inali.gob.mx
11574:site.inali.gob.mx
11556:Ethnologue (2021)
11484:. August 8, 2019.
11275:978-90-279-3359-1
11208:Language Magazine
11118:978-0-19-534983-2
11088:978-0-8047-1315-3
11073:Greenberg, Joseph
11013:Languages of Peru
10978:Amerind languages
10939:
10938:
10517:YucatĂĄn Peninsula
10513:Maya civilization
10330:Olmec hieroglyphs
10105:GĂŒegĂŒence-Nicarao
10022:Broken Oghibbeway
9748:Alfredo Trombetti
9693:
9692:
9526:PurĂ©pechaâQuechua
9513:OtomangueanâHuave
9500:NostraticâAmerind
9487:NatchezâMuskogean
9018:NostraticâAmerind
8955:Macro-TupĂâKaribe
6509:Pacific Northwest
6492:and one isolate,
6347:Extinct languages
6326:
6325:
4714:Maricopa/Piipaash
4106:Brazil, Suriname
3309:Chontal of Oaxaca
2521:, Colombia &
2472:Nariño Department
2466:Nariño Department
1283:Purepecha/Tarasco
479:official language
202:Eskaleut language
131:language isolates
127:language families
90:
89:
82:
20:Amerind languages
16748:
16637:Saint Barthélemy
16597:Falkland Islands
16542:
16334:
16327:
16320:
16311:
16310:
16299:Linguistic areas
16167:Linguistic areas
15709:? MuraâMatanawĂ
15456:AndoqueâUrequena
15306:
15305:
15033:
15032:
15006:
15005:
14977:
14963:
14956:
14949:
14940:
14939:
14928:Linguistic areas
14815:
14814:
14636:
14635:
14541:
14540:
14254:
14253:
14033:
14032:
13932:
13925:
13918:
13909:
13908:
13643:
13642:
13560:
13559:
13436:
13435:
13378:
13377:
13346:
13288:
13281:
13274:
13265:
13264:
13014:
12923:
12904:
12879:
12851:
12832:
12823:
12794:
12783:
12772:
12752:
12743:
12724:
12714:
12685:
12684:
12678:
12670:
12652:
12635:
12629:
12626:
12620:
12617:
12611:
12608:
12602:
12599:
12593:
12590:
12584:
12581:
12575:
12556:
12550:
12535:
12529:
12526:
12520:
12493:
12487:
12486:
12484:
12483:
12469:
12463:
12462:
12460:
12458:
12442:
12436:
12435:
12433:
12432:
12417:
12411:
12410:(18th ed., 2015)
12402:
12396:
12395:(19th ed., 2016)
12387:
12381:
12380:(19th ed., 2016)
12372:
12366:
12359:
12353:
12344:
12335:
12334:(18th ed., 2015)
12326:
12320:
12319:(19th ed., 2016)
12311:
12305:
12304:
12302:
12301:
12287:
12281:
12280:
12278:
12277:
12263:
12257:
12256:
12250:
12242:
12240:
12239:
12224:
12218:
12217:
12215:
12214:
12205:
12197:
12191:
12190:
12188:
12187:
12172:
12166:
12165:
12159:
12151:
12149:
12148:
12133:
12127:
12126:
12124:
12123:
12109:
12103:
12102:
12100:
12099:
12090:
12082:
12076:
12075:
12073:
12065:
12036:
12035:
12033:
12025:
12019:
12010:
12004:
12001:
11995:
11992:
11981:
11980:
11978:
11977:
11962:
11956:
11955:
11953:
11952:
11943:
11935:
11929:
11926:
11911:
11910:
11908:
11907:
11901:
11894:
11886:
11873:
11872:(18th ed., 2015)
11864:
11858:
11857:
11855:
11854:
11839:
11833:
11832:
11830:
11829:
11814:
11793:
11792:
11790:
11789:
11775:
11769:
11768:
11766:
11765:
11750:
11744:
11743:
11741:
11740:
11731:
11723:
11717:
11716:
11714:
11713:
11704:
11696:
11687:
11686:
11684:
11683:
11674:
11666:
11660:
11659:
11657:
11656:
11647:
11639:
11620:
11619:
11617:
11616:
11607:
11599:
11584:
11583:
11581:
11580:
11571:
11563:
11557:
11554:
11523:
11522:
11510:
11504:
11503:
11492:
11486:
11485:
11478:
11472:
11471:
11464:
11458:
11453:
11447:
11442:
11436:
11435:
11424:
11418:
11412:
11410:
11401:
11395:
11393:
11375:
11369:
11368:
11366:
11365:
11356:
11347:
11341:
11340:
11320:
11314:
11313:
11293:
11287:
11286:
11284:
11282:
11254:Writing in Focus
11245:
11239:
11238:
11236:
11234:
11224:
11218:
11217:
11215:
11214:
11200:
11194:
11193:
11159:
11153:
11147:
11129:
11123:
11122:
11099:
11093:
11092:
11069:
10972:
10970:Languages portal
10967:
10966:
10958:
10953:
10952:
10951:
10926:, United States
10814:Carrier (Dakelh)
10728:, United States
10704:Father Le Clercq
10408:Epi-Olmec script
10252:
10248:
10225:
10217:
10209:
10201:
10193:
10185:
10172:
10164:
10156:
10136:
10090:
10082:
10059:
10051:
10039:
10026:
10018:
9767:Linguistic areas
9738:, and Hungarian
9539:Quechua as Hokan
9435:Mexican Penutian
9370:Keresan and Zuni
9331:JicaqueâSubtiaba
9279:GuaicurianâHokan
9187:Language Family
9184:
9183:
9149:
9138:
9116:
9105:
9095:
9072:
9064:
9053:
9045:
9033:PaezanâBarbacoan
9029:
9014:
8988:
8972:
8946:
8900:
8869:
8828:
8817:
8801:
8789:GuamoâChapacuran
8760:
8734:
8723:
8707:
8696:
8685:
8674:
8628:
8610:
8596:
8577:
8563:
8538:
8527:
8518:
8494:
8452:
8434:
8409:
8398:
8343:
8335:
8295:
8284:
8243:
8220:
8155:
8137:Old CatĂoâNutabe
8127:(Peru, Colombia)
8097:
8083:
8064:
8045:
8028:
8019:
8010:
7999:
7991:
7983:
7972:
7971:(Lapalapa, Leko)
7955:
7944:
7911:
7892:
7879:
7867:
7850:
7836:
7814:
7806:
7784:
7760:
7743:
7732:
7723:
7684:
7673:
7659:
7613:
7604:
7590:
7564:
7556:
7536:
7528:
7514:
7503:
7495:
7484:
7475:
7458:
7438:
7416:
7393:
7389:(Colombia, Peru)
7379:
7371:
7330:Papua New Guinea
6936:
6832:
6827:Plateau Penutian
6567:Tanoan languages
6392:(transcription:
6365:Northern America
6317:, United States
6171:Tierra del Fuego
6061:, United States
6038:, United States
5959:, United States
5936:, United States
5896:Ontario, Canada
5868:, United States
5844:, United States
5810:, United States
5787:, United States
5764:, United States
5721:, United States
5658:, United States
5603:, United States
5503:, United States
5459:, United States
5243:, United States
5237:, United States
5125:, United States
5119:, United States
5062:, United States
5035:Tiipai languages
5014:, United States
4930:Ontario, Canada
4865:ChĂĄcobo-Pakawara
4728:, United States
4557:, United States
4537:, United States
4531:, United States
4491:, United States
4429:, United States
4423:, United States
4345:Zacatepec Mixtec
3956:, United States
3951:, United States
3929:US & Mexico
3923:, United States
3659:, United States
3432:, United States
2667:, United States
2657:, United States
2396:, United States
2389:, United States
2384:, United States
2288:, United States
2282:, United States
2182:Cauca Department
2176:Cauca Department
2143:, United States
2133:, United States
2128:, United States
2107:, United States
1152:, United States
651:Comunidad Andina
592:Comunidad Andina
560:Southern Quechua
488:
484:
457:Ronald E. Ignace
261:creole languages
169:Southern Quechua
142:Joseph Greenberg
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
33:
32:
25:
16756:
16755:
16751:
16750:
16749:
16747:
16746:
16745:
16721:
16720:
16719:
16714:
16692:Central America
16676:
16551:
16543:
16534:
16351:
16344:
16338:
16308:
16303:
16260:
16189:
16161:
16122:MatacoâGuaicuru
16117:KatembriâTaruma
16082:Macro-Puinavean
16067:Macro-OtomĂĄkoan
16026:
15992:
15932:MatacoâGuaicuru
15916:
15850:
15733:
15672:
15565:
15541:SechuraâCatacao
15530:Pacific coast (
15525:
15484:Pacific coast (
15479:
15406:
15342:
15304:
15226:
15110:
15031:
15004:
14990:
14984:
14982:classification)
14976:
14967:
14937:
14932:
14901:
14847:
14813:
14795:linguistic area
14794:
14786:
14675:linguistic area
14674:
14662:
14634:
14588:
14539:
14484:linguistic area
14483:
14475:
14449:linguistic area
14448:
14441:
14342:
14316:
14285:
14252:
14199:
14159:
14126:
14092:
14058:
14031:
13951:
13945:
13936:
13906:
13901:
13879:
13802:
13724:
13638:
13632:
13608:
13598:
13558:
13521:
13491:
13465:
13427:
13376:
13365:List of deities
13347:
13338:
13297:
13292:
13243:Wayback Machine
13213:Wayback Machine
13195:Wayback Machine
13138:
13133:
13022:
13017:
12920:
12848:
12760:
12755:
12740:
12711:
12694:
12689:
12688:
12672:
12671:
12650:
12636:
12632:
12627:
12623:
12618:
12614:
12609:
12605:
12600:
12596:
12591:
12587:
12582:
12578:
12557:
12553:
12536:
12532:
12527:
12523:
12494:
12490:
12481:
12479:
12471:
12470:
12466:
12456:
12454:
12443:
12439:
12430:
12428:
12419:
12418:
12414:
12403:
12399:
12388:
12384:
12373:
12369:
12360:
12356:
12345:
12338:
12327:
12323:
12312:
12308:
12299:
12297:
12289:
12288:
12284:
12275:
12273:
12265:
12264:
12260:
12244:
12243:
12237:
12235:
12225:
12221:
12212:
12210:
12203:
12199:
12198:
12194:
12185:
12183:
12174:
12173:
12169:
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12130:
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12119:
12111:
12110:
12106:
12097:
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12083:
12079:
12071:
12067:
12066:
12039:
12031:
12027:
12026:
12022:
12011:
12007:
12002:
11998:
11993:
11984:
11975:
11973:
11964:
11963:
11959:
11950:
11948:
11941:
11937:
11936:
11932:
11927:
11914:
11905:
11903:
11899:
11892:
11888:
11887:
11876:
11865:
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11852:
11850:
11841:
11840:
11836:
11827:
11825:
11816:
11815:
11796:
11787:
11785:
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11776:
11772:
11763:
11761:
11752:
11751:
11747:
11738:
11736:
11729:
11725:
11724:
11720:
11711:
11709:
11702:
11698:
11697:
11690:
11681:
11679:
11672:
11668:
11667:
11663:
11654:
11652:
11645:
11641:
11640:
11623:
11614:
11612:
11605:
11601:
11600:
11587:
11578:
11576:
11569:
11565:
11564:
11560:
11555:
11526:
11511:
11507:
11494:
11493:
11489:
11480:
11479:
11475:
11466:
11465:
11461:
11454:
11450:
11443:
11439:
11426:
11425:
11421:
11408:
11402:
11398:
11390:
11376:
11372:
11363:
11361:
11354:
11349:
11348:
11344:
11331:(14): 126â139.
11321:
11317:
11294:
11290:
11280:
11278:
11276:
11246:
11242:
11232:
11230:
11226:
11225:
11221:
11212:
11210:
11202:
11201:
11197:
11160:
11156:
11144:
11130:
11126:
11119:
11100:
11096:
11089:
11070:
11066:
11061:
10968:
10961:
10954:
10949:
10947:
10944:
10874:Afaka syllabary
10726:Cherokee Nation
10540:Teotihua script
10475:Late Preclassic
10423:Zoque languages
10255:Writing System
10243:
10241:Writing systems
10238:
10223:
10215:
10207:
10199:
10197:Mobilian Jargon
10191:
10183:
10170:
10168:Loucheux Jargon
10162:
10154:
10134:
10100:Guajiro-Spanish
10088:
10080:
10078:Delaware Jargon
10057:
10045:
10037:
10024:
10004:
9985:mixed languages
9977:
9969:
9780:
9775:
9769:
9752:Johanna Nichols
9704:
9698:
9265:
9162:
9145:
9134:
9112:
9101:
9099:SechuraâCatacao
9091:
9068:
9060:
9057:Oregon Penutian
9049:
9041:
9025:
9010:
8997:MuraâMatanawian
8984:
8976:MatacoâGuaicuru
8968:
8960:Macro-WaikurĂșan
8942:
8934:Macro-Puinavean
8919:Macro-OtomĂĄkoan
8896:
8865:
8824:
8813:
8797:
8764:CunzaâKapixanan
8756:
8738:ChibchanâPaezan
8730:
8719:
8703:
8692:
8681:
8670:
8642:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8608:
8594:
8575:
8561:
8536:
8525:
8516:
8492:
8450:
8432:
8407:
8396:
8341:
8333:
8293:
8282:
8241:
8218:
8153:
8095:
8081:
8062:
8043:
8026:
8017:
8008:
7997:
7990:(Maku of Auari)
7989:
7981:
7970:
7953:
7942:
7909:
7890:
7877:
7865:
7848:
7834:
7812:
7804:
7802:(Ecuador, Peru)
7782:
7758:
7741:
7730:
7721:
7682:
7671:
7657:
7611:
7602:
7588:
7562:
7554:
7534:
7526:
7512:
7501:
7493:
7482:
7473:
7456:
7436:
7434:(Brazil: Bahia)
7414:
7391:
7377:
7369:
7351:
7344:section below.
7313:Central America
7285:
7279:
7274:
7073:Central America
7053:
7029:Mayan languages
7013:
7008:
6934:
6830:
6599:
6565:marking of the
6367:
6337:
6331:
6309:
6307:Ontario, Canada
6219:TaĂno languages
6194:Colombia, Peru
5924:Upper Kuskokwim
5318:Imperial County
5284:United States (
5107:Alutiiq/Sugpiaq
5058:, Mexico &
5056:Baja California
4609:, Canada &
3986:Brazil, Guyana
3588:Bonfim, Roraima
3289:United States (
2956:, Brazil &
2940:
2637:Valle del Cauca
2622:Valle del Cauca
2527:BanĂwa language
2512:BanĂwa language
1509:Valle del Cauca
1494:Valle del Cauca
1044:Padre Las Casas
1032:CautĂn Province
1025:Padre Las Casas
1011:CautĂn Province
409:
350:
344:
328:Navajo language
237:writing systems
216:
210:
179:of Bolivia and
86:
75:
69:
66:
47:
38:This article's
34:
30:
23:
12:
11:
5:
16754:
16744:
16743:
16738:
16733:
16716:
16715:
16713:
16712:
16705:
16703:
16701:
16699:
16694:
16689:
16681:
16678:
16677:
16675:
16674:
16669:
16664:
16659:
16654:
16652:Sint Eustatius
16649:
16644:
16639:
16634:
16629:
16624:
16619:
16614:
16609:
16604:
16599:
16594:
16589:
16587:Cayman Islands
16584:
16579:
16574:
16569:
16564:
16558:
16556:
16545:
16544:
16537:
16535:
16533:
16532:
16527:
16522:
16517:
16512:
16507:
16502:
16497:
16492:
16487:
16482:
16477:
16472:
16467:
16462:
16457:
16452:
16447:
16442:
16437:
16432:
16427:
16422:
16417:
16412:
16407:
16402:
16397:
16392:
16387:
16382:
16377:
16372:
16367:
16362:
16356:
16354:
16346:
16345:
16337:
16336:
16329:
16322:
16314:
16305:
16304:
16302:
16301:
16296:
16294:Classification
16291:
16286:
16285:
16284:
16274:
16268:
16266:
16262:
16261:
16259:
16258:
16253:
16248:
16243:
16238:
16233:
16228:
16223:
16218:
16213:
16208:
16203:
16197:
16195:
16191:
16190:
16188:
16187:
16182:
16180:MamorĂ©âGuaporĂ©
16177:
16171:
16169:
16163:
16162:
16160:
16159:
16154:
16152:WamoâChapakura
16149:
16144:
16139:
16134:
16132:MosetenâChonan
16129:
16124:
16119:
16114:
16109:
16104:
16099:
16094:
16089:
16084:
16079:
16074:
16069:
16064:
16059:
16057:Macro-Chibchan
16054:
16052:Macro-Arawakan
16049:
16044:
16038:
16036:
16032:
16031:
16028:
16027:
16025:
16024:
16017:
16010:
16004:
16002:
15994:
15993:
15991:
15990:
15985:
15980:
15975:
15970:
15965:
15960:
15959:
15958:
15951:
15944:
15939:
15927:
15925:
15918:
15917:
15915:
15914:
15907:
15900:
15895:
15888:
15887:
15886:
15881:
15870:
15862:
15860:
15852:
15851:
15849:
15848:
15841:
15834:
15827:
15820:
15813:
15806:
15799:
15794:
15787:
15780:
15773:
15766:
15761:
15756:
15749:
15743:
15741:
15739:MamorĂ©âGuaporĂ©
15735:
15734:
15732:
15731:
15724:
15723:
15722:
15715:
15707:
15706:
15705:
15700:
15695:
15683:
15681:
15674:
15673:
15671:
15670:
15669:
15668:
15663:
15652:
15645:
15638:
15631:
15624:
15617:
15610:
15603:
15598:
15593:
15588:
15580:
15578:
15567:
15566:
15564:
15563:
15562:
15561:
15554:
15543:
15537:
15535:
15527:
15526:
15524:
15523:
15516:
15509:
15504:
15499:
15491:
15489:
15481:
15480:
15478:
15477:
15470:
15465:
15460:
15459:
15458:
15453:
15448:
15437:
15429:
15427:
15408:
15407:
15405:
15404:
15399:
15394:
15389:
15384:
15377:
15370:
15362:
15360:
15348:
15347:
15344:
15343:
15341:
15340:
15335:
15328:
15321:
15315:
15313:
15303:
15302:
15295:
15290:
15283:
15276:
15275:
15274:
15267:
15260:
15247:
15241:
15239:
15228:
15227:
15225:
15224:
15217:
15210:
15203:
15196:
15189:
15182:
15175:
15168:
15161:
15154:
15147:
15140:
15133:
15128:
15122:
15120:
15119:Eastern Brazil
15116:
15115:
15112:
15111:
15109:
15108:
15100:
15093:
15086:
15079:
15072:
15067:
15062:
15057:
15052:
15047:
15041:
15039:
15030:
15029:
15022:
15014:
15012:
15003:
15002:
14994:
14992:
14986:
14985:
14966:
14965:
14958:
14951:
14943:
14934:
14933:
14931:
14930:
14925:
14920:
14915:
14913:Classification
14909:
14907:
14903:
14902:
14900:
14899:
14894:
14889:
14887:Macro-Chibchan
14884:
14879:
14874:
14869:
14863:
14861:
14857:
14856:
14853:
14852:
14849:
14848:
14846:
14845:
14838:
14831:
14823:
14821:
14812:
14811:
14806:
14798:
14796:
14788:
14787:
14785:
14784:
14776:
14769:
14762:
14755:
14750:
14743:
14742:
14741:
14734:
14722:
14720:Tequistlatecan
14717:
14710:
14703:
14696:
14691:
14686:
14678:
14676:
14668:
14667:
14664:
14663:
14661:
14660:
14653:
14645:
14643:
14633:
14632:
14625:
14618:
14611:
14603:
14601:
14594:
14593:
14590:
14589:
14587:
14586:
14579:
14572:
14565:
14558:
14550:
14548:
14538:
14537:
14530:
14523:
14516:
14509:
14502:
14495:
14487:
14485:
14477:
14476:
14474:
14473:
14466:
14459:
14453:
14451:
14443:
14442:
14440:
14439:
14432:
14425:
14418:
14411:
14404:
14399:
14392:
14385:
14383:Tequistlatecan
14380:
14373:
14368:
14363:
14357:
14355:
14348:
14347:
14344:
14343:
14341:
14340:
14335:
14327:
14325:
14318:
14317:
14315:
14314:
14307:
14302:
14296:
14294:
14287:
14286:
14284:
14283:
14278:
14271:
14263:
14261:
14251:
14250:
14245:
14244:
14243:
14238:
14226:
14221:
14216:
14210:
14208:
14201:
14200:
14198:
14197:
14190:
14183:
14178:
14170:
14168:
14161:
14160:
14158:
14157:
14152:
14145:
14137:
14135:
14128:
14127:
14125:
14124:
14117:
14110:
14102:
14100:
14094:
14093:
14091:
14090:
14083:
14076:
14068:
14066:
14060:
14059:
14057:
14056:
14049:
14041:
14039:
14030:
14029:
14022:
14015:
14008:
14001:
13994:
13987:
13980:
13973:
13968:
13963:
13955:
13953:
13947:
13946:
13935:
13934:
13927:
13920:
13912:
13903:
13902:
13900:
13899:
13892:
13884:
13881:
13880:
13878:
13877:
13872:
13867:
13862:
13857:
13852:
13847:
13842:
13841:
13840:
13835:
13830:
13825:
13814:
13812:
13811:Related topics
13808:
13807:
13804:
13803:
13801:
13800:
13795:
13790:
13785:
13780:
13775:
13770:
13765:
13760:
13755:
13750:
13745:
13739:
13737:
13726:
13725:
13723:
13722:
13717:
13712:
13707:
13702:
13697:
13692:
13687:
13682:
13677:
13672:
13667:
13662:
13657:
13651:
13649:
13640:
13634:
13633:
13631:
13630:
13629:
13628:
13623:
13612:
13610:
13604:
13603:
13600:
13599:
13597:
13596:
13591:
13586:
13585:
13584:
13574:
13568:
13566:
13557:
13556:
13551:
13546:
13541:
13535:
13533:
13527:
13526:
13523:
13522:
13520:
13519:
13514:
13509:
13503:
13501:
13497:
13496:
13493:
13492:
13490:
13489:
13484:
13479:
13473:
13471:
13467:
13466:
13464:
13463:
13458:
13453:
13448:
13442:
13440:
13433:
13429:
13428:
13426:
13425:
13420:
13415:
13410:
13408:Medicine wheel
13405:
13400:
13395:
13390:
13384:
13382:
13375:
13374:
13369:
13368:
13367:
13355:
13353:
13349:
13348:
13341:
13339:
13337:
13336:
13331:
13326:
13321:
13319:Classification
13316:
13311:
13305:
13303:
13299:
13298:
13291:
13290:
13283:
13276:
13268:
13262:
13261:
13256:
13251:
13245:
13231:
13226:
13220:
13215:
13203:
13198:
13185:
13179:
13174:
13169:
13164:
13159:
13154:
13149:
13144:
13137:
13136:External links
13134:
13132:
13131:
13126:
13111:
13104:
13097:
13090:
13083:
13076:
13066:
13059:
13052:
13037:
13034:
13023:
13021:
13018:
13016:
13015:
13006:
12991:
12984:
12977:
12970:
12963:
12956:
12949:
12942:
12935:
12927:
12924:
12918:
12905:
12895:(1): 309â330.
12880:
12867:
12852:
12846:
12833:
12824:
12812:10.2307/408990
12795:
12784:
12773:
12761:
12759:
12756:
12754:
12753:
12744:
12738:
12725:
12716:
12709:
12695:
12693:
12690:
12687:
12686:
12661:(2): 189â230.
12640:"First-person
12630:
12621:
12612:
12603:
12594:
12585:
12576:
12551:
12530:
12521:
12488:
12477:www.unesco.org
12464:
12451:The New Yorker
12437:
12412:
12397:
12382:
12367:
12354:
12336:
12321:
12306:
12295:www.unesco.org
12282:
12271:www.unesco.org
12258:
12219:
12192:
12167:
12128:
12104:
12077:
12037:
12020:
12005:
11996:
11982:
11957:
11930:
11912:
11874:
11859:
11834:
11822:AgĂȘncia Brasil
11794:
11770:
11745:
11718:
11688:
11661:
11621:
11585:
11558:
11524:
11505:
11487:
11473:
11459:
11448:
11437:
11419:
11396:
11388:
11370:
11342:
11315:
11288:
11274:
11240:
11219:
11195:
11176:(3): 332â355.
11154:
11142:
11124:
11117:
11103:Campbell, Lyle
11094:
11087:
11063:
11062:
11060:
11057:
11056:
11055:
11050:
11045:
11040:
11035:
11030:
11025:
11020:
11015:
11010:
11005:
11000:
10995:
10990:
10985:
10980:
10974:
10973:
10959:
10943:
10940:
10937:
10936:
10933:
10930:
10927:
10921:
10916:
10911:
10905:
10904:
10903:AfĂĄka Atumisi
10901:
10898:
10895:
10886:
10881:
10876:
10870:
10869:
10864:
10861:
10858:
10853:
10848:
10843:
10837:
10836:
10831:
10828:
10827:1840sâpresent
10825:
10822:
10752:
10747:
10741:
10740:
10735:
10732:
10731:1820sâpresent
10729:
10723:
10718:
10713:
10707:
10706:
10701:
10698:
10695:
10682:
10677:
10667:
10661:
10660:
10658:
10655:
10652:
10650:Central Mexico
10647:
10642:
10634:
10625:
10624:
10622:
10619:
10616:
10603:
10598:
10588:
10579:
10578:
10576:
10573:
10566:
10564:Central Mexico
10561:
10552:
10542:
10536:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10527:
10510:
10497:
10489:
10483:
10482:
10480:
10477:
10472:
10466:
10459:
10449:
10447:Izapan scripts
10443:
10442:
10440:
10437:
10430:
10425:
10420:
10410:
10404:
10403:
10401:
10398:
10391:
10386:
10381:
10371:
10369:Zapotec script
10365:
10364:
10362:
10359:
10352:
10347:
10342:
10332:
10326:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10317:
10311:
10293:
10281:
10275:
10274:
10271:
10268:
10267:Date in usage
10265:
10262:
10259:
10256:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10236:
10231:
10226:
10218:
10210:
10202:
10194:
10186:
10178:
10173:
10165:
10157:
10149:
10145:Lingua Franca
10143:
10139:Lingua Franca
10137:
10129:
10124:
10118:
10112:
10107:
10102:
10097:
10091:
10083:
10075:
10073:Chinook Jargon
10070:
10065:
10060:
10052:
10040:
10032:
10027:
10019:
9999:
9993:
9989:sign languages
9976:
9973:
9968:
9967:
9962:
9957:
9952:
9947:
9942:
9937:
9927:
9925:Pijao language
9922:
9904:
9899:
9894:
9889:
9884:
9878:
9873:
9868:
9863:
9858:
9853:
9848:
9835:
9821:
9816:
9811:
9806:
9801:
9796:
9791:
9785:
9779:
9776:
9771:Main article:
9768:
9765:
9700:Main article:
9697:
9694:
9691:
9690:
9687:
9684:
9678:
9677:
9674:
9671:
9665:
9664:
9661:
9658:
9652:
9651:
9648:
9645:
9639:
9638:
9635:
9632:
9626:
9625:
9622:
9619:
9613:
9612:
9609:
9606:
9600:
9599:
9596:
9593:
9587:
9586:
9583:
9580:
9574:
9573:
9570:
9567:
9561:
9560:
9557:
9554:
9548:
9547:
9544:
9541:
9535:
9534:
9531:
9528:
9522:
9521:
9518:
9515:
9509:
9508:
9505:
9502:
9496:
9495:
9492:
9489:
9483:
9482:
9479:
9476:
9470:
9469:
9466:
9463:
9457:
9456:
9453:
9450:
9444:
9443:
9440:
9437:
9431:
9430:
9427:
9424:
9418:
9417:
9414:
9411:
9405:
9404:
9401:
9398:
9392:
9391:
9388:
9385:
9379:
9378:
9375:
9372:
9366:
9365:
9362:
9359:
9353:
9352:
9349:
9346:
9340:
9339:
9336:
9333:
9327:
9326:
9323:
9320:
9314:
9313:
9310:
9307:
9305:HokanâSubtiaba
9301:
9300:
9297:
9294:
9288:
9287:
9284:
9281:
9275:
9274:
9271:
9268:
9260:
9259:
9256:
9253:
9247:
9246:
9243:
9240:
9234:
9233:
9230:
9227:
9221:
9220:
9217:
9214:
9208:
9207:
9204:
9201:
9199:AlgonkianâGulf
9195:
9194:
9191:
9188:
9161:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9139:
9128:
9127:(YuriâTicunan)
9122:
9117:
9106:
9096:
9085:
9080:
9075:
9074:
9073:
9065:
9054:
9035:
9030:
9020:
9015:
8999:
8994:
8992:MosetĂ©nâChonan
8989:
8978:
8973:
8962:
8957:
8952:
8950:Macro-Tucanoan
8947:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8890:
8888:Macro-Chibchan
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8859:
8854:
8849:
8844:
8839:
8834:
8829:
8818:
8807:
8802:
8791:
8786:
8781:
8776:
8774:DenĂ©âYeniseian
8771:
8769:DenĂ©âCaucasian
8766:
8761:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8735:
8724:
8714:
8708:
8700:AlgonkianâGulf
8697:
8686:
8675:
8663:
8638:Main article:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8629:
8620:
8614:
8600:
8586:
8578:
8570:
8564:
8553:
8542:
8528:
8519:
8508:
8500:
8495:
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8464:
8456:
8444:
8435:
8424:
8413:
8399:
8388:
8380:
8369:
8358:
8347:
8336:
8327:
8322:
8316:
8307:
8296:
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8110:
8104:
8098:
8090:
8084:
8073:
8065:
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8029:
8020:
8011:
8000:
7992:
7984:
7973:
7965:
7956:
7945:
7936:
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7912:
7901:
7893:
7885:
7880:
7871:
7859:
7851:
7842:
7837:
7826:
7818:
7807:
7796:
7785:
7774:
7769:
7761:
7752:
7747:
7733:
7724:
7715:
7704:
7693:
7688:
7677:
7663:
7649:
7641:
7633:
7622:
7614:
7605:
7596:
7591:
7583:
7574:
7568:
7557:
7548:
7540:
7529:
7520:
7515:
7504:
7496:
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7476:
7467:
7462:
7448:
7442:
7428:
7422:
7417:
7408:
7402:
7394:
7383:
7372:
7361:
7352:
7281:Main article:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7272:
7266:
7257:
7251:
7245:
7242:Tequistlatecan
7239:
7231:
7226:
7215:
7210:
7202:
7196:
7185:
7179:
7173:
7167:
7156:
7147:
7141:
7136:
7127:
7116:
7105:
7097:
7084:
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7054:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7006:
7001:
6995:
6987:
6982:
6976:
6968:
6962:
6957:
6949:
6943:
6937:
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6920:
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6906:
6898:
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6884:
6876:
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6862:
6853:
6847:
6839:
6833:
6824:
6815:
6807:
6801:
6795:
6789:
6784:
6778:
6773:
6765:
6756:
6750:
6745:
6737:
6731:
6723:
6714:
6705:
6697:
6688:
6680:
6671:
6663:
6654:
6646:
6640:
6632:
6624:
6615:
6609:
6600:
6569:, the lexical
6563:inverse number
6458:U.S. Southwest
6366:
6363:
6362:
6361:
6360:culture areas.
6357:
6354:
6330:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6300:
6297:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6286:
6278:
6275:
6269:
6268:
6266:
6264:
6258:
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6249:
6248:
6246:
6244:
6241:
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6232:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6198:
6197:
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6192:
6186:
6183:
6177:
6176:
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6168:
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6157:
6156:
6154:
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6148:
6145:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6128:
6125:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6105:
6094:
6091:
6085:
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6082:
6079:
6077:
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6068:
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6065:
6062:
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6028:
6022:
6021:
6019:
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6013:
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6004:
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5990:
5984:
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5909:
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5803:
5800:
5794:
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5737:
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5682:
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5664:
5662:
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5651:
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5627:
5624:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5596:
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5572:
5569:
5563:
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5560:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5545:
5544:
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5539:
5534:
5531:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5516:
5513:
5507:
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5504:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5487:
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5478:
5472:
5469:
5463:
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5460:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5434:
5428:
5425:
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5416:
5410:
5404:
5401:
5395:
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5389:
5384:
5381:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5362:
5352:
5349:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5325:
5313:
5310:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5296:(Historical),
5292:(Historical),
5282:
5280:
5277:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5262:
5256:
5253:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5238:
5230:
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5220:
5218:
5212:
5206:
5203:
5197:
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5168:
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5144:
5138:
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5120:
5112:
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5077:
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4678:
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4387:
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4365:
4359:
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4350:
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4311:
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4288:
4280:
4277:
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4265:
4260:
4257:
4251:
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4242:
4239:
4233:
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4230:
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4175:
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4145:
4142:
4139:
4136:
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4127:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4084:
4078:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4051:
4050:
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4042:
4034:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4013:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3966:North Carolina
3958:
3949:North Carolina
3942:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3918:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3875:
3864:
3861:
3855:
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3825:
3823:
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3811:
3805:
3799:
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3790:
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3779:
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3761:
3759:
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3719:
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3701:
3690:
3687:
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3408:
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3361:
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3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3287:
3279:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3259:
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3250:
3249:
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3210:
3204:
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3198:
3195:
3192:
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3180:
3172:
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3142:
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3133:
3127:
3126:
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3118:
3105:
3102:
3096:
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3082:
3080:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3029:
3014:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2968:Minica Huitoto
2964:
2963:
2961:
2951:
2928:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2902:
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2899:
2890:
2881:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2854:
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2834:
2833:
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2828:
2826:
2823:
2817:
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2811:
2808:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2787:
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2775:
2769:
2761:
2758:
2752:
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2726:
2724:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2697:
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2671:
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2668:
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2649:
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2640:
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2610:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2592:
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2583:
2582:
2580:
2574:
2566:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
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2516:
2487:
2484:
2478:
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2463:
2460:
2454:
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2448:
2445:
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2433:
2430:
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2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2391:
2379:
2376:
2374:Western Apache
2370:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2328:
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2298:
2292:
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2259:
2256:
2237:
2234:
2228:
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2225:
2222:
2215:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2164:
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2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2138:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2100:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2025:
2017:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1961:
1938:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1865:
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1847:
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1707:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1677:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:United States
1656:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1637:Gracias a Dios
1612:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1583:
1580:
1574:
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1571:
1568:
1565:
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1234:
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13309:Paleo-Indians
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13248:Our Languages
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12817:
12813:
12809:
12805:
12801:
12796:
12792:
12791:
12785:
12781:
12780:
12774:
12770:
12769:
12763:
12762:
12758:North America
12750:
12745:
12741:
12739:0-19-509427-1
12735:
12731:
12726:
12722:
12717:
12712:
12710:3-11-009846-6
12706:
12702:
12697:
12696:
12682:
12676:
12668:
12664:
12660:
12656:
12649:
12647:
12643:
12634:
12628:Campbell 1997
12625:
12616:
12607:
12598:
12589:
12580:
12573:
12572:0-19-509427-1
12569:
12565:
12561:
12555:
12548:
12547:0-340-56186-6
12544:
12540:
12534:
12525:
12518:
12514:
12510:
12506:
12502:
12498:
12492:
12478:
12474:
12468:
12452:
12448:
12441:
12426:
12422:
12416:
12409:
12408:
12401:
12394:
12393:
12386:
12379:
12378:
12371:
12364:
12358:
12352:
12348:
12343:
12341:
12333:
12332:
12325:
12318:
12317:
12310:
12296:
12292:
12286:
12272:
12268:
12262:
12254:
12248:
12234:
12230:
12223:
12209:
12202:
12196:
12182:on 2019-05-26
12181:
12177:
12171:
12163:
12157:
12143:
12139:
12132:
12118:
12114:
12108:
12094:
12087:
12081:
12070:
12064:
12062:
12060:
12058:
12056:
12054:
12052:
12050:
12048:
12046:
12044:
12042:
12030:
12024:
12017:
12016:
12009:
12000:
11991:
11989:
11987:
11971:
11967:
11961:
11947:
11940:
11934:
11925:
11923:
11921:
11919:
11917:
11902:on 2020-06-11
11898:
11891:
11885:
11883:
11881:
11879:
11871:
11870:
11863:
11848:
11844:
11838:
11823:
11819:
11813:
11811:
11809:
11807:
11805:
11803:
11801:
11799:
11784:
11780:
11774:
11759:
11755:
11749:
11735:
11728:
11722:
11708:
11701:
11695:
11693:
11678:
11671:
11665:
11651:
11644:
11638:
11636:
11634:
11632:
11630:
11628:
11626:
11611:
11604:
11598:
11596:
11594:
11592:
11590:
11575:
11568:
11562:
11553:
11551:
11549:
11547:
11545:
11543:
11541:
11539:
11537:
11535:
11533:
11531:
11529:
11520:
11516:
11509:
11501:
11497:
11491:
11483:
11477:
11469:
11463:
11457:
11452:
11446:
11441:
11433:
11429:
11423:
11416:
11407:
11400:
11391:
11389:0-19-509427-1
11385:
11381:
11374:
11360:
11352:
11346:
11338:
11334:
11330:
11326:
11319:
11311:
11307:
11303:
11299:
11292:
11277:
11271:
11267:
11263:
11259:
11255:
11251:
11244:
11229:
11223:
11209:
11205:
11199:
11191:
11187:
11183:
11179:
11175:
11171:
11170:
11165:
11158:
11151:
11145:
11143:1-55671-159-X
11139:
11135:
11128:
11120:
11114:
11110:
11109:
11104:
11098:
11090:
11084:
11080:
11079:
11074:
11068:
11064:
11054:
11051:
11049:
11046:
11044:
11041:
11039:
11036:
11034:
11031:
11029:
11026:
11024:
11021:
11019:
11016:
11014:
11011:
11009:
11006:
11004:
11001:
10999:
10996:
10994:
10991:
10989:
10986:
10984:
10981:
10979:
10976:
10975:
10971:
10965:
10960:
10957:
10946:
10934:
10931:
10929:2006âpresent
10928:
10925:
10922:
10920:
10917:
10915:
10912:
10910:
10907:
10906:
10902:
10899:
10897:1910âpresent
10896:
10894:
10893:French Guiana
10890:
10887:
10885:
10882:
10880:
10877:
10875:
10872:
10871:
10868:
10865:
10862:
10860:1900âpresent
10859:
10857:
10854:
10852:
10849:
10847:
10844:
10842:
10841:Yugtun script
10839:
10838:
10835:
10832:
10829:
10826:
10823:
10821:
10819:
10815:
10811:
10807:
10803:
10799:
10795:
10791:
10789:
10785:
10781:
10776:
10772:
10768:
10764:
10760:
10756:
10753:
10751:
10748:
10746:
10743:
10742:
10739:
10738:Sequoyah ááááŻ
10736:
10733:
10730:
10727:
10724:
10722:
10719:
10717:
10714:
10712:
10709:
10708:
10705:
10702:
10699:
10696:
10694:
10693:New Brunswick
10690:
10686:
10683:
10681:
10678:
10676:
10675:
10671:
10668:
10666:
10663:
10662:
10659:
10656:
10653:
10651:
10648:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10638:
10635:
10633:
10630:
10627:
10626:
10623:
10620:
10617:
10615:
10611:
10607:
10604:
10602:
10599:
10597:
10596:
10592:
10589:
10587:
10584:
10583:Mixtec script
10581:
10580:
10577:
10574:
10571:
10567:
10565:
10562:
10560:
10556:
10553:
10551:
10550:
10546:
10543:
10541:
10538:
10537:
10534:
10531:
10528:
10526:
10522:
10518:
10514:
10511:
10509:
10505:
10501:
10498:
10496:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10484:
10481:
10478:
10476:
10473:
10471:
10467:
10464:
10460:
10458:
10457:
10453:
10450:
10448:
10445:
10444:
10441:
10438:
10435:
10431:
10429:
10426:
10424:
10421:
10419:
10418:
10414:
10411:
10409:
10406:
10405:
10402:
10399:
10396:
10392:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10380:
10379:
10375:
10372:
10370:
10367:
10366:
10363:
10360:
10357:
10353:
10351:
10348:
10346:
10343:
10341:
10340:
10336:
10333:
10331:
10328:
10327:
10324:
10321:
10318:
10315:
10312:
10309:
10305:
10301:
10297:
10294:
10292:
10291:
10286:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10276:
10272:
10269:
10266:
10263:
10260:
10257:
10254:
10253:
10247:
10246:longer used.
10235:
10232:
10230:
10227:
10222:
10219:
10214:
10213:Nootka Jargon
10211:
10206:
10203:
10198:
10195:
10190:
10187:
10182:
10179:
10177:
10174:
10169:
10166:
10161:
10158:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10144:
10142:
10138:
10133:
10130:
10128:
10125:
10123:
10119:
10116:
10113:
10111:
10108:
10106:
10103:
10101:
10098:
10095:
10092:
10087:
10084:
10079:
10076:
10074:
10071:
10069:
10066:
10064:
10061:
10056:
10053:
10049:
10044:
10041:
10036:
10033:
10031:
10030:Broken Slavey
10028:
10023:
10020:
10016:
10012:
10008:
10003:
10000:
9998:
9995:
9994:
9992:
9990:
9986:
9982:
9972:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9951:
9948:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9938:
9935:
9931:
9928:
9926:
9923:
9920:
9916:
9912:
9908:
9905:
9903:
9900:
9898:
9895:
9893:
9890:
9888:
9885:
9882:
9879:
9877:
9874:
9872:
9869:
9867:
9864:
9862:
9859:
9857:
9854:
9852:
9849:
9847:
9843:
9839:
9836:
9833:
9829:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9786:
9784:
9774:
9764:
9762:
9758:
9753:
9749:
9745:
9741:
9737:
9733:
9729:
9725:
9721:
9717:
9713:
9709:
9703:
9688:
9685:
9683:
9682:ZuniâPenutian
9680:
9679:
9675:
9672:
9670:
9669:YukianâSiouan
9667:
9666:
9662:
9659:
9657:
9654:
9653:
9649:
9646:
9644:
9641:
9640:
9636:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9627:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9614:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9602:
9601:
9597:
9594:
9592:
9589:
9588:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9575:
9571:
9568:
9566:
9563:
9562:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9550:
9549:
9545:
9542:
9540:
9537:
9536:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9524:
9523:
9519:
9516:
9514:
9511:
9510:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9497:
9493:
9490:
9488:
9485:
9484:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9471:
9467:
9464:
9462:
9459:
9458:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9446:
9445:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9432:
9428:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9419:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9406:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9393:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9380:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9367:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9355:
9354:
9350:
9347:
9345:
9342:
9341:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9328:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9318:JicaqueâHokan
9316:
9315:
9311:
9308:
9306:
9303:
9302:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9289:
9285:
9282:
9280:
9277:
9276:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9262:
9261:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9248:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9235:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9222:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9209:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9196:
9192:
9189:
9186:
9185:
9182:
9179:
9174:
9173:Lyle Campbell
9169:
9167:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9148:
9143:
9140:
9137:
9132:
9129:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9115:
9110:
9107:
9104:
9100:
9097:
9094:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9071:
9066:
9063:
9058:
9055:
9052:
9047:
9046:
9044:
9039:
9036:
9034:
9031:
9028:
9024:
9021:
9019:
9016:
9013:
9008:
9004:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8987:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8974:
8971:
8966:
8965:Macro-Warpean
8963:
8961:
8958:
8956:
8953:
8951:
8948:
8945:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8899:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8868:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8843:
8840:
8838:
8835:
8833:
8832:JeâTupiâCarib
8830:
8827:
8822:
8819:
8816:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8800:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8784:GeâPanoâCarib
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8759:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8748:ChimuâChipaya
8746:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8733:
8728:
8725:
8722:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8709:
8706:
8701:
8698:
8695:
8690:
8687:
8684:
8679:
8676:
8673:
8668:
8665:
8664:
8662:
8660:
8656:
8652:
8648:
8641:
8624:
8621:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8607:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8593:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8579:
8574:
8571:
8568:
8565:
8560:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8535:
8532:
8529:
8523:
8520:
8515:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8483:
8480:
8477:
8474:
8471:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8439:
8436:
8431:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8406:
8403:
8400:
8395:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8342:(Atalan, Sec)
8340:
8337:
8331:
8328:
8326:
8323:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8303:
8300:
8297:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8281:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8266:
8262:
8258:
8254:
8251:
8248:
8245:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8217:
8214:
8211:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8186:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8152:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8114:
8111:
8108:
8105:
8102:
8099:
8094:
8091:
8088:
8085:
8080:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8066:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8050:
8047:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8030:
8024:
8021:
8015:
8012:
8007:
8004:
8001:
7996:
7993:
7988:
7985:
7980:
7977:
7974:
7969:
7966:
7964:
7960:
7957:
7952:
7949:
7946:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7908:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7894:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7852:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7833:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7811:
7808:
7803:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7789:
7786:
7781:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7764:HibitoâCholon
7762:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7740:
7737:
7734:
7728:
7725:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7670:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7656:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7615:
7609:
7606:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7578:
7575:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7561:
7558:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7533:
7530:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7511:
7508:
7505:
7500:
7497:
7492:
7489:
7486:
7480:
7477:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7455:
7452:
7449:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7435:
7432:
7429:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7412:
7409:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7395:
7390:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7376:
7373:
7368:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7354:
7353:
7350:
7345:
7343:
7337:
7333:
7331:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7314:
7306:
7303:
7298:
7289:
7284:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7261:
7258:
7255:
7252:
7249:
7246:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7203:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7189:
7186:
7183:
7180:
7177:
7174:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7151:
7148:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7092:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7077:
7074:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7059:
7056:
7055:
7052:
7047:
7041:
7036:
7030:
7025:
7017:
7005:
7002:
6999:
6998:YumanâCochimĂ
6996:
6994:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6969:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6950:
6947:
6944:
6941:
6938:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6921:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6899:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6869:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6857:
6854:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6840:
6837:
6834:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6808:
6805:
6802:
6799:
6796:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6760:
6757:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6738:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6647:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6619:
6616:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6602:
6601:
6598:
6593:
6591:
6586:
6584:
6580:
6576:
6572:
6568:
6564:
6560:
6556:
6555:polysynthetic
6552:
6548:
6546:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6530:
6526:
6522:
6518:
6514:
6510:
6504:
6502:
6497:
6495:
6491:
6487:
6483:
6479:
6475:
6474:Indo-European
6470:
6468:
6464:
6459:
6455:
6451:
6447:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6423:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6407:
6399:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6384:stop sign in
6383:
6379:
6371:
6358:
6355:
6352:
6348:
6345:
6344:
6343:
6341:
6336:
6322:
6319:
6316:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6283:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6233:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6216:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6199:
6196:
6193:
6190:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6178:
6175:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6158:
6155:
6152:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6140:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6117:
6114:
6110:
6106:
6103:
6099:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6086:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6069:
6066:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6043:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6005:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5985:
5982:
5979:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5967:
5964:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5944:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5898:
5895:
5892:
5888:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5873:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5843:
5839:
5834:
5830:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5815:
5812:
5809:
5808:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5726:
5723:
5720:
5719:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5637:
5634:
5631:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5608:
5602:
5601:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5585:
5582:
5579:
5576:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5561:
5558:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5526:
5523:
5520:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5505:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5432:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5417:
5414:
5411:
5408:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5367:
5366:MiritĂ-ParanĂĄ
5363:
5361:
5357:
5356:MiritĂ-ParanĂĄ
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5341:
5338:
5333:
5329:
5326:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5300:(Historical)
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5269:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5210:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5175:
5172:
5169:
5166:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5151:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5124:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5084:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5064:
5061:
5057:
5054:
5049:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5016:
5013:
5009:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4985:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4950:
4947:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4921:
4916:
4912:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4894:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4733:
4730:
4727:
4723:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4656:
4653:
4650:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4339:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4275:TĆı̚chÇ« YatıÏ
4273:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2786:9,000â12,000
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1685:Puerto Nariño
1682:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1149:Navajo Nation
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
986:
983:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
961:
958:
956:
952:
949:
947:
944:
943:
940:
937:
935:
933:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
916:
913:
910:
906:
902:
898:
896:
894:
890:
886:
881:
878:
875:
873:
870:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
855:
852:
851:
848:
845:
843:
842:
841:
839:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
809:
806:
805:
802:
799:
797:
796:
795:
793:
786:
783:
781:
778:
777:
774:
771:
769:
768:
767:
765:
759:
755:
752:
750:
747:
746:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
726:
723:
721:
717:
714:
712:
709:
708:
705:
702:
700:
696:
693:
691:
688:
687:
684:
681:
679:
676:
672:
669:
667:
664:
663:
660:
657:
655:
654:
653:
652:
643:
642:
641:
639:
634:
631:
628:
626:
623:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
608:
605:
604:
601:
598:
596:
595:
594:
593:
584:
583:
582:
580:
576:
574:
569:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
554:
551:
549:
548:
547:
546:
540:
538:
534:
530:
528:
524:
523:
518:
515:
512:
510:
507:
506:
502:
499:
496:
490:
489:
480:
476:
475:
474:
472:
468:
463:
460:
458:
452:
446:
443:
440:
437:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
414:
413:
404:
402:
396:
395:Bering Strait
392:
389:
385:
383:
379:
376:
373:
370:
366:
363:
362:
361:
359:
358:Lyle Campbell
355:
349:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
296:
292:
290:
289:
284:
280:
277:
273:
269:
268:Tupi language
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
215:
205:
203:
199:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
159:According to
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
115:
108:
104:
103:
102:Dresden Codex
98:
94:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
58:inappropriate
55:
51:
45:
43:
36:
27:
26:
21:
16:
16707:
16684:
16657:Sint Maarten
16642:Saint Martin
16549:Dependencies
16142:SaparoâYawan
16092:ArutaniâSape
16077:Macro-Panoan
16072:Macro-Paesan
16062:Macro-Jibaro
16047:Macro-Andean
16019:
16012:
15983:LuleâVilelan
15953:
15946:
15909:
15902:
15890:
15865:
15843:
15836:
15829:
15822:
15815:
15808:
15801:
15789:
15782:
15775:
15768:
15751:
15726:
15717:
15656:SaparoâYawan
15647:
15640:
15633:
15626:
15619:
15612:
15605:
15585:PanoâTacanan
15583:
15556:
15518:
15511:
15494:
15488:and Ecuador)
15472:
15432:
15379:
15372:
15365:
15330:
15323:
15297:
15285:
15278:
15269:
15262:
15255:
15251:ArutaniâSape
15219:
15212:
15205:
15198:
15191:
15184:
15177:
15170:
15163:
15156:
15149:
15142:
15135:
15103:
15095:
15088:
15081:
15074:
15024:
15017:
14997:
14991:and isolates
14969:
14877:AztecâTanoan
14840:
14833:
14828:Guanahatabey
14826:
14819:Pre-Arawakan
14801:
14778:
14771:
14764:
14757:
14745:
14736:
14729:
14714:Oto-Manguean
14712:
14705:
14698:
14681:
14672:Mesoamerican
14655:
14648:
14627:
14620:
14613:
14606:
14581:
14574:
14567:
14560:
14553:
14532:
14525:
14518:
14511:
14504:
14497:
14490:
14481:Coahuiltecan
14468:
14461:
14434:
14427:
14420:
14413:
14406:
14394:
14387:
14375:
14330:
14309:
14291:Coast Oregon
14273:
14266:
14233:
14192:
14185:
14173:
14165:Macro-Siouan
14147:
14140:
14119:
14112:
14105:
14085:
14078:
14071:
14051:
14044:
14024:
14017:
14010:
14003:
13996:
13989:
13982:
13975:
13958:
13952:and isolates
13894:
13887:
13849:
13609:colonization
13413:The red road
13403:Medicine man
13398:Great Spirit
13234:
13114:
13107:
13100:
13093:
13086:
13079:
13072:
13062:
13055:
13040:
13030:
13010:
13002:
12998:
12994:
12987:
12980:
12973:
12966:
12959:
12952:
12945:
12938:
12931:
12909:
12892:
12888:
12875:
12871:
12855:
12837:
12828:
12803:
12799:
12789:
12778:
12767:
12748:
12729:
12720:
12700:
12692:Bibliography
12675:cite journal
12658:
12654:
12645:
12641:
12633:
12624:
12615:
12606:
12597:
12588:
12579:
12563:
12559:
12554:
12538:
12533:
12524:
12491:
12480:. Retrieved
12476:
12467:
12455:. Retrieved
12453:. Condé Nast
12450:
12440:
12429:. Retrieved
12424:
12415:
12405:
12400:
12390:
12385:
12375:
12370:
12362:
12357:
12350:
12329:
12324:
12314:
12309:
12298:. Retrieved
12294:
12285:
12274:. Retrieved
12270:
12261:
12236:. Retrieved
12232:
12222:
12211:. Retrieved
12207:
12195:
12184:. Retrieved
12180:the original
12170:
12145:. Retrieved
12141:
12131:
12120:. Retrieved
12116:
12107:
12096:. Retrieved
12092:
12080:
12023:
12014:
12008:
11999:
11974:. Retrieved
11969:
11960:
11949:. Retrieved
11945:
11933:
11904:. Retrieved
11897:the original
11867:
11862:
11851:. Retrieved
11837:
11826:. Retrieved
11821:
11786:. Retrieved
11783:www.stat.gl/
11782:
11773:
11762:. Retrieved
11760:. 2017-08-02
11748:
11737:. Retrieved
11733:
11721:
11710:. Retrieved
11706:
11680:. Retrieved
11676:
11664:
11653:. Retrieved
11649:
11613:. Retrieved
11609:
11577:. Retrieved
11573:
11561:
11519:The Guardian
11518:
11508:
11499:
11490:
11476:
11462:
11451:
11440:
11431:
11422:
11399:
11379:
11373:
11362:. Retrieved
11358:
11345:
11328:
11324:
11318:
11301:
11297:
11291:
11279:. Retrieved
11257:
11253:
11243:
11231:. Retrieved
11222:
11211:. Retrieved
11207:
11198:
11173:
11167:
11157:
11133:
11127:
11107:
11097:
11077:
11067:
10924:Osage Nation
10909:Osage script
10792:
10778:
10672:
10631:
10629:Aztec script
10593:
10585:
10558:
10547:
10454:
10415:
10376:
10337:
10287:
10261:Language(s)
10244:
10181:Mednyj Aleut
10176:Media Lengua
10110:Haida Jargon
10055:Carib Pidgin
9978:
9970:
9781:
9743:
9739:
9735:
9731:
9727:
9723:
9719:
9715:
9711:
9707:
9705:
9681:
9668:
9655:
9642:
9629:
9616:
9603:
9590:
9577:
9564:
9551:
9538:
9525:
9512:
9499:
9486:
9473:
9460:
9447:
9434:
9421:
9409:MayaâChipaya
9408:
9396:Macro-Siouan
9395:
9382:
9369:
9356:
9343:
9330:
9317:
9304:
9291:
9278:
9263:
9251:Coahuiltecan
9250:
9238:AztecâTanoan
9237:
9224:
9211:
9198:
9190:Probability
9170:
9163:
9146:
9135:
9113:
9102:
9092:
9088:SaparoâYawan
9078:PuinaveâMaku
9069:
9061:
9050:
9042:
9026:
9011:
8985:
8969:
8943:
8939:Macro-Siouan
8929:Macro-Panoan
8924:Macro-Paesan
8909:Macro-Lekoan
8904:Macro-Jibaro
8897:
8878:Macro-Andean
8873:LuleâVilelan
8866:
8825:
8821:HokanâSiouan
8814:
8798:
8757:
8753:Coahuiltecan
8731:
8727:AztecâTanoan
8720:
8717:ArutaniâSape
8704:
8693:
8682:
8671:
8655:Edward Sapir
8651:HokanâSiouan
8643:
8611:
8605:
8597:
8591:
8583:
8558:
8550:
8547:
8539:
8533:
8513:
8505:
8484:
8481:
8461:
8453:
8441:
8429:
8421:
8418:
8410:
8404:
8393:
8385:
8377:
8374:
8366:
8363:
8355:
8352:
8344:
8313:
8304:
8301:
8285:
8279:
8271:
8268:
8257:Guanahatabey
8232:
8229:
8221:
8215:
8207:PanoâTacanan
8201:
8198:
8190:
8176:
8167:
8164:
8156:
8150:
8142:
8139:
8126:
8118:
8115:
8078:
8070:
8054:
8051:
8034:
8005:
7978:
7962:
7950:
7933:
7926:
7922:
7906:
7898:
7868:
7856:
7831:
7823:
7815:
7801:
7793:
7790:
7779:
7766:
7744:
7738:
7712:
7709:
7701:
7698:
7685:
7674:
7668:
7660:
7654:
7646:
7638:
7630:
7627:
7619:
7580:
7565:
7545:
7537:
7509:
7490:
7459:
7453:
7439:
7433:
7399:
7388:
7380:
7366:
7358:
7338:
7335:
7323:
7319:
7310:
7263:
7236:
7223:
7220:
7207:
7199:Oto-Manguean
7193:
7190:
7182:MixeâZoquean
7164:
7161:
7153:
7133:
7124:
7121:
7113:
7110:
7102:
7094:
7081:
7063:
7060:
7044:
6992:
6973:
6954:
6925:
6911:
6903:
6889:
6881:
6873:
6859:
6844:
6821:
6812:
6770:
6762:
6742:
6728:
6720:
6711:
6702:
6694:
6685:
6677:
6668:
6660:
6651:
6637:
6629:
6621:
6606:
6587:
6551:Head-marking
6549:
6513:phonotactics
6505:
6498:
6471:
6402:
6350:
6339:
6338:
6280:
6260:
6130:
6056:
6033:
5995:
5954:
5931:
5911:
5863:
5836:
5805:
5782:
5759:
5739:
5716:
5709:Upper Tanana
5696:
5676:
5653:
5605:
5604:
5598:
5536:
5386:
5232:
5114:
4963:
4918:
4872:
4852:
4790:
4757:, Nicaragua
4751:, Nicaragua
4746:
4597:
4596:
4590:
4583:Inuvialuktun
4559:
4558:
4552:
4526:
4451:
4450:
4444:
4418:
4398:
4308:
4282:
4262:
4224:
4036:
3952:
3924:
3781:
3697:
3696:
3661:
3660:
3654:
3639:, Argentina
3633:, Argentina
3629:
3608:
3591:
3582:
3576:
3555:
3535:
3447:
3281:
3261:
3175:
3112:
3107:
2941:
2930:
2790:
2774:, Nicaragua
2768:, Nicaragua
2763:
2682:
2568:
2551:
2545:
2501:
2500:
2494:
2489:
2385:
2277:
2250:
2249:
2239:
2217:
2135:
2129:
2104:South Dakota
2102:
2030:, Argentina
2024:, Argentina
2020:
1999:
1903:
1852:, Argentina
1846:, Argentina
1842:
1816:Chontal Maya
1770:
1769:
1763:
1659:
1626:
1624:, Nicaragua
1619:
1618:
1615:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1547:
1527:
1393:Saskatchewan
1364:
1340:Yaru Quechua
1327:
1194:
1193:, Nicaragua
1188:
1147:
1109:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1036:La AraucanĂa
1018:
1015:La AraucanĂa
954:
930:
927:
882:
879:
837:
836:
834:
791:
790:
788:
763:
762:
760:
757:
719:
711:Yucatec Maya
698:
677:
674:
649:
648:
647:
637:
636:
632:
590:
589:
588:
581:, Argentina
577:
572:
571:
567:
543:
542:
541:
531:
529:, Argentina
525:
521:
520:
516:
464:
461:
453:
450:
410:
401:Roger Blench
399:
369:Edward Sapir
353:
351:
336:code talkers
321:
315:in Peru and
308:
297:
293:
286:
265:
217:
158:
139:
135:unclassified
113:
111:
107:Chichen Itza
100:
76:
70:January 2022
67:
52:by removing
39:
15:
16627:Puerto Rico
16554:territories
16500:Saint Lucia
16435:El Salvador
16137:Quechumaran
16097:BoraâWitoto
15997:Far South (
15898:UruâChipaya
15874:Quechumaran
15759:Nambikwaran
15441:BoraâWitoto
15338:TicunaâYuri
14882:Macro-Mayan
14747:Uto-Aztecan
14725:Totozoquean
14555:Coahuilteco
14366:Palaihnihan
14248:Tsimshianic
13818:Ethnobotany
13675:El Salvador
13577:Visual arts
13446:Cosmovision
13432:Mesoamerica
13393:Fifth World
13359:Mythologies
13324:Archaeology
13302:Pre-history
12517:Afroasiatic
12389:Yavapai at
12374:Quechan at
12313:Cocopah at
11432:www.parl.ca
11304:: 279â294.
10900:Endangered
10863:Endangered
10788:Inuinnaqtun
10685:Nova Scotia
10674:Syllabogram
10640:Syllabogram
10595:Syllabogram
10549:Syllabogram
10519:of Mexico,
10495:Syllabogram
10487:Maya script
10456:Syllabogram
10417:Syllabogram
10378:Syllabogram
10339:Syllabogram
10290:Syllabogram
10120:Jargonized
9656:YukianâGulf
9552:Quechumaran
9383:Macro-Mayan
9193:Confidence
9125:TicunaâYuri
9083:Quechumaran
8914:Macro-Mayan
8883:Macro-Carib
8238:PebaâYaguan
8107:Nambiquaran
7979:(Argentina)
7780:(Venezuela)
7739:(Venezuela)
7680:Esmeraldeño
7586:ChipayaâUru
7292:displayed.)
7254:Uto-Aztecan
7079:Coahuilteco
7061:(Guatemala)
6940:Uto-Aztecan
6917:Tsimshianic
6818:Palaihnihan
6700:Coahuilteco
6490:Afroasiatic
6414:Uto-Aztecan
6191:, Colombia
5638:, Colombia
5632:, Colombia
5583:, Colombia
5577:, Colombia
5483:, Colombia
5477:, Colombia
5439:, Colombia
5433:, Colombia
5415:, Colombia
5409:, Colombia
5328:Yuma County
5267:, Colombia
5261:, Colombia
5217:, Colombia
5211:, Colombia
5173:, Colombia
5167:, Colombia
5149:, Colombia
5143:, Colombia
4992:, Colombia
4986:, Colombia
4819:, Colombia
4813:, Colombia
4654:, Colombia
4648:, Colombia
4437:Inuinnaqtun
4337:, Colombia
4331:, Colombia
4237:Matlatzinca
4209:, Colombia
4203:, Colombia
4172:PakaĂĄsnovos
4089:, Colombia
4083:, Colombia
3851:, Colombia
3845:, Colombia
3810:, Colombia
3804:, Colombia
3755:Tupi-Mondé
3695:, Colombia
3520:, Colombia
3514:, Colombia
3395:, Colombia
3389:, Colombia
3123:, Colombia
3116:, Colombia
3090:Mato Grosso
3067:, Colombia
3061:, Colombia
2984:, Colombia
2978:, Colombia
2960:, Colombia
2950:, Colombia
2894:Cesar &
2885:Cesar &
2858:Sipakapense
2711:, Colombia
2705:, Colombia
2665:Mississippi
2525:, Brazil, (
2510:, Brazil, (
2498:, Colombia
2474:, Colombia
2468:, Colombia
2348:, Colombia
2342:, Colombia
2184:, Colombia
2178:, Colombia
1789:Nunatsiavut
934:, Colombia
324:Kalaallisut
241:Maya script
198:Greenlandic
16725:Categories
16622:Montserrat
16617:Martinique
16612:Guadeloupe
16410:Costa Rica
16008:Qawasqaran
15942:Guaicuruan
15911:Mapudungun
15747:Chapacuran
15661:PebaâYagua
15596:Cahuapanan
15513:YurumanguĂ
15097:Chiquitano
15070:Maxakalian
14978:(based on
14738:MixeâZoque
14707:Misumalpan
14629:Chitimacha
14121:Algonquian
14087:Athabaskan
13966:YukiâWappo
13860:Philosophy
13665:Costa Rica
13639:by country
13470:Variations
13461:World tree
13418:Totem pole
13388:Arborglyph
13071:. (1968).
12878:(1): 1â60.
12806:(1): 1â7.
12482:2018-05-20
12457:15 October
12431:2017-11-23
12407:Ethnologue
12392:Ethnologue
12377:Ethnologue
12363:Ethnologue
12361:"Kumiai".
12331:Ethnologue
12316:Ethnologue
12300:2018-06-09
12276:2018-06-09
12238:2018-06-09
12213:2020-06-11
12186:2020-10-26
12147:2018-06-09
12122:2018-06-09
12117:Ethnologue
12098:2020-06-11
11976:2017-11-22
11951:2020-06-11
11906:2020-06-11
11869:Ethnologue
11853:2017-11-12
11828:2020-08-30
11788:2020-06-11
11764:2017-11-22
11739:2020-06-11
11712:2020-06-11
11682:2020-06-11
11655:2020-06-11
11615:2020-06-11
11579:2020-06-11
11364:2020-06-11
11359:www.stm.dk
11213:2020-08-16
11059:References
10358:â 400 BCE
10264:Region(s)
10043:Callahuaya
10015:Montagnais
9940:Quinipissa
9902:Pascagoula
9730:, Spanish
9158:YukiâWappo
9005:including
8862:Keresiouan
8606:(Colombia)
8603:YurumanguĂ
8364:(Colombia)
8140:(Colombia)
8040:MaxakalĂan
8003:Mapudungun
7718:Guaicuruan
7707:Gorgotoqui
7594:Chiquitano
7551:Chapacuran
7491:(Colombia)
7479:Cahuapanan
7470:Botocudoan
7454:(Colombia)
7347:See also:
7326:New Guinea
7176:Misumalpan
7130:Guaicurian
7087:Comecrudan
7049:See also:
6708:Comecrudan
6683:Chitimacha
6595:See also:
6486:Kartvelian
6450:Washington
6438:California
6107:Colombia (
6096:Colombia (
6049:Holikachuk
6018:Guatemala
6015:Guatemala
5364:Colombia (
5354:Colombia (
5060:California
4680:Colombia (
4669:Colombia (
4162:Pernambuco
4144:Guatemala
4141:Guatemala
4055:Chichimeca
3877:Colombia (
3866:Colombia (
3736:Colombia (
3721:Colombia (
3504:Tunebo/Uwa
3363:Colombia (
3352:Colombia (
3337:Guatemala
3334:Guatemala
3174:Venezuela
3131:Chiquitano
3031:Colombia (
3016:Colombia (
2897:Magdalena)
2892:Colombia (
2888:Magdalena)
2883:Colombia (
2868:Guatemala
2865:Guatemala
2789:Guatemala
2627:Colombia (
2612:Colombia (
2550:Guatemala
2544:Guatemala
2366:Guatemala
2363:Guatemala
2356:Sakapultek
2270:(Siberian)
2067:Guatemala
2064:Guatemala
2048:Guatemala
2045:Guatemala
1998:Guatemala
1963:Colombia (
1940:Colombia (
1878:Soteapanec
1679:Colombia (
1627:Honduras (
1614:Guatemala
1592:(De facto)
1578:TojolabÊŒal
1552:Greenland
1526:Guatemala
1499:Colombia (
1484:Colombia (
1461:Colombia (
1450:Colombia (
1435:Guatemala
1432:Guatemala
1407:Tarahumara
1326:Guatemala
1311:Guatemala
1308:Guatemala
1275:Guatemala
1272:Guatemala
1211:Chinanteco
1195:Honduras (
1108:Guatemala
1101:QÊŒanjobÊŒal
1068:(De facto)
953:Guatemala
932:La Guajira
921:(Guajiro)
883:Colombia (
756:Guatemala
697:Guatemala
694:1,100,000
673:Guatemala
670:1,100,000
629:1,700,000
611:1,700,000
527:Corrientes
513:6,500,000
467:department
346:See also:
272:John Eliot
208:Background
16697:Caribbean
16607:Greenland
16530:Venezuela
16475:Nicaragua
16445:Guatemala
16365:Argentina
16350:Sovereign
16272:Languages
16241:Venezuela
16201:Argentina
16194:Countries
16185:Amazonian
15797:Mosetenan
15791:Canichana
15703:Katukinan
15698:HarĂĄkmbut
15649:Tequiraca
15520:Esmeralda
15507:Barbacoan
15463:Guajiboan
15402:Jirajaran
15357:Venezuela
15293:Otomacoan
15245:Yanomaman
15236:Venezuela
15172:PankararĂș
15090:RikbaktsĂĄ
14892:Tolatecan
14792:Caribbean
14780:AlagĂŒilac
14773:Purépecha
14759:Cuitlatec
14731:Totonacan
14689:Jicaquean
14608:Muskogean
14583:Mamulique
14569:Comecrudo
14499:Karankawa
14402:Jicaquean
14389:Chimariko
14338:Kalapuyan
14281:Sahaptian
14229:Yok-Utian
14214:Chinookan
14187:Iroquoian
14155:Chimakuan
13971:Chumashan
13855:Movements
13850:Languages
13798:Venezuela
13743:Argentina
13705:Nicaragua
13685:Guatemala
13680:Greenland
13372:Religions
12012:Hofling,
11866:Shuar at
11190:150209288
10879:Syllabary
10846:Syllabary
10784:Inuktitut
10716:Syllabary
10572:â 750 CE
10521:Guatemala
10500:Yucatecan
10470:Guatemala
10468:Southern
10436:â 500 CE
10397:â 700 CE
10273:Inventor
10221:Ocaneechi
10141:Apalachee
10068:Catalangu
10048:Kallawaya
9907:Pensacola
9832:CalchaquĂ
9814:Bayagoula
9264:Eskaleut,
9153:YokâUtian
9131:Totozoque
8584:(Bolivia)
8567:Yanomaman
8402:Tequiraca
8350:Tabancale
8325:RikbaktsĂĄ
8302:(Bolivia)
8216:(Ecuador)
8196:PankararĂș
8173:Otomakoan
8071:(Bolivia)
8060:Mosetenan
7939:Katukinan
7896:Kamakanan
7862:Jirajaran
7832:(Bolivia)
7755:Harakmbut
7727:Guajiboan
7710:(Bolivia)
7546:(Bolivia)
7532:Catacaoan
7510:(Bolivia)
7507:Canichana
7445:Barbacoan
7397:Andoquero
7248:Totonacan
7213:Purépecha
7144:Jicaquean
7119:Epi-Olmec
7108:Cuitlatec
7058:AlagĂŒilac
6798:Muskogean
6768:Karankawa
6759:Kalapuyan
6753:Iroquoian
6691:Chumashan
6674:Chinookan
6666:Chimariko
6657:Chimakuan
6547:family).
6382:Bilingual
6295:Tuscarora
6253:Kallawaya
5970:Ayapaneco
5893:, Canada
5835:, Canada
5798:Tanacross
5775:Tsimshian
5646:Deg Xinag
5610:, Canada
5370:Amazonas)
5360:Amazonas)
5215:Magdalena
5209:Magdalena
5193:, Brazil
5082:, Brazil
4926:, Canada
4917:, Canada
4827:Pima Bajo
4662:Guayabero
4613:, Canada
4602:, Canada
4595:, Canada
4575:, Canada
4564:, Canada
4511:, Brazil
4471:, Canada
4456:, Canada
4449:, Canada
4383:, Canada
4377:, Canada
4293:, Canada
4287:, Canada
4217:Weenhayek
4185:, Brazil
4164:, Brazil
4134:Uspanteko
4126:, Brazil
4124:Tocantins
4073:Koreguaje
4047:, Canada
4041:, Canada
3905:, Brazil
3766:, Brazil
3698:Venezuela
3677:, Canada
3666:, Canada
3590:, Brazil
3581:, Brazil
3579:, Roraima
3568:Wapishana
3496:, Brazil
3480:Munduruku
3463:Kashinawa
3452:, Canada
3262:Venezuela
3240:Tocantins
3121:Venezuela
3109:Venezuela
2850:, Brazil
2748:, Brazil
2736:Guajajara
2709:Magdalena
2703:Magdalena
2579:, Canada
2573:, Canada
2561:Chipewyan
2491:Venezuela
2252:Venezuela
2248:, Brazil
2232:Nheengatu
2219:Venezuela
2168:Guambiano
2087:, Brazil
1916:Blackfoot
1775:, Canada
1768:, Canada
1756:Inuktitut
1629:AtlĂĄntida
1595:, Mexico
1548:Greenland
1467:Antioquia
1456:Antioquia
1425:Tz'utujil
1369:, Canada
1265:Poqomchiʌ
1247:Tlapaneco
1071:, Mexico
1040:Galvarino
1038:, Chile (
1021:Galvarino
946:Kaqchikel
928:Venezuela
539:, Brazil
462:Colombia
459:.
388:Old World
382:Old World
281:into the
225:Greenland
150:cognation
54:excessive
16562:Anguilla
16510:Suriname
16485:Paraguay
16460:Honduras
16420:Dominica
16405:Colombia
16375:Barbados
16342:Americas
16251:Suriname
16231:Paraguay
16216:Colombia
15978:Huarpean
15973:Charruan
15968:Zamucoan
15963:Mascoyan
15937:Matacoan
15879:Quechuan
15803:Yuracaré
15770:Cayubaba
15764:Bororoan
15719:MatanawĂ
15666:Zaparoan
15635:Taushiro
15607:Candoshi
15601:Jivaroan
15496:Chibchan
15486:Colombia
15451:Witotoan
15434:Tucanoan
15416:Colombia
15397:Timotean
15392:Tiniguan
15353:Colombia
15179:TarairiĂș
15158:Katembri
15126:Karirian
15065:Krenakan
15050:Jabutian
15037:Macro-JĂȘ
14999:Arawakan
14803:Arawakan
14683:Chibchan
14562:Cotoname
14520:Quinigua
14506:Maratino
14205:Penutian
14149:Wakashan
14142:Salishan
14053:Eskimoan
14037:Eskaleut
13889:Category
13845:Identity
13828:Iroquois
13823:Cherokee
13788:Suriname
13778:Paraguay
13763:Colombia
13690:Honduras
13670:Dominica
13607:European
13582:Painting
13544:Colombia
13456:Religion
13451:Creation
13329:Genetics
13239:Archived
13209:Archived
13191:Archived
12800:Language
12562:. Ch. 8
12513:Mongolic
12497:Caucasus
12247:cite web
12156:cite web
12113:"Mohawk"
11281:15 March
11105:(2000).
11075:(1987).
10942:See also
10914:Alphabet
10889:Suriname
10816:, &
10798:Dane-zaa
10773:, &
10771:Chippewa
10721:Cherokee
10700:Extinct
10691:, &
10670:Logogram
10657:Extinct
10637:Logogram
10621:Extinct
10614:Guerrero
10591:Logogram
10575:Extinct
10545:Logogram
10532:Extinct
10523:, &
10492:Logogram
10479:Extinct
10461:unknown
10452:Logogram
10439:Extinct
10413:Logogram
10400:Extinct
10374:Logogram
10361:Extinct
10335:Logogram
10322:Extinct
10285:Logogram
10122:Powhatan
10117:(Quebec)
9955:Yamacraw
9897:Opelousa
9892:Okelousa
9846:Tequesta
9828:Diaguita
9761:Penutian
9696:Pronouns
9591:Takelman
9266:Chukotan
9168:(1979).
9109:Takelman
9038:Penutian
9001:Sapir's
8893:Macro-GĂȘ
8842:Kalianan
8712:Arawakan
8710:(macro-)
8647:Penutian
8623:Zaparoan
8617:Zamucoan
8581:Yuracare
8522:Witotoan
8467:Tucanoan
8447:Tiniguan
8438:Timotean
8391:Taushiro
8372:TarairiĂș
8319:Quechuan
8213:Panzaleo
8032:MatanawĂ
8023:Matacoan
8014:Mascoyan
7961:(KoayĂĄ)
7948:Kawésqar
7931:KatembrĂ
7904:KapixanĂĄ
7874:Jivaroan
7840:Jabutian
7799:Huaorani
7772:HimarimĂŁ
7628:(Brazil)
7571:Chibchan
7560:Charruan
7543:Cayubaba
7518:Carabayo
7499:Candoshi
7465:Bororoan
7411:Arawakan
7218:Quinigua
7159:Maratino
7100:Cotoname
7069:Chibchan
6979:Yokutsan
6946:Wakashan
6850:Salishan
6734:Eskaleut
6726:Cotoname
6592:(1999).
6579:Salishan
6575:Wakashan
6541:Caucasus
6531:and the
6463:Penutian
6434:Kickapoo
6388:and the
6315:New York
6189:Amazonas
6161:Selk'nam
6135:Bolivia
6113:Guaviare
6109:Amazonas
6102:Guaviare
6098:Amazonas
6089:Carijona
6072:Comanche
6000:Bolivia
5916:Bolivia
5879:Onondaga
5856:DenaÊŒina
5842:New York
5744:Bolivia
5701:Bolivia
5681:Bolivia
5636:Amazonas
5630:Amazonas
5581:Amazonas
5575:Amazonas
5541:Bolivia
5529:Toromono
5391:Bolivia
5379:Reyesano
5347:Cabiyari
5298:Oklahoma
5275:Mikasuki
5191:MaranhĂŁo
5080:MaranhĂŁo
5025:Kumeyaay
4990:Putumayo
4984:Putumayo
4968:Bolivia
4885:Lacandon
4877:Bolivia
4857:Bolivia
4845:Cayuvava
4817:Guaviare
4811:Guaviare
4795:Bolivia
4783:Ese Ejja
4686:Guaviare
4675:Guaviare
4545:GwichÊŒin
4509:MaranhĂŁo
4489:Oklahoma
4403:Bolivia
4335:Amazonas
4329:Amazonas
4313:Bolivia
4301:Cavineña
4267:Bolivia
4229:Bolivia
4183:RondĂŽnia
4011:Huarijio
3962:Oklahoma
3937:Cherokee
3903:Amazonas
3893:Kanamari
3883:Putumayo
3872:Putumayo
3849:Amazonas
3843:Amazonas
3818:Shoshoni
3786:Bolivia
3774:Yuracaré
3764:RondĂŽnia
3738:Casanare
3723:Casanare
3613:Bolivia
3601:Yaminawa
3560:Bolivia
3540:Bolivia
3494:Amazonas
3393:Putumayo
3387:Putumayo
3327:Tektitek
3291:Oklahoma
3274:Muscogee
3236:MaranhĂŁo
3234:Brazil (
3200:Bolivia
3197:Bolivia
3159:Bolivia
3156:Bolivia
3138:Bolivia
3084:Brazil (
2982:Amazonas
2976:Amazonas
2954:Amazonas
2939:, Brazil
2937:Amazonas
2746:MaranhĂŁo
2687:Bolivia
2661:Oklahoma
2537:Awakatek
2523:Amazonas
2519:Guaviare
2508:Amazonas
2440:Cuicatec
2246:Amazonas
2210:Yanomamö
1991:Jakaltek
1981:Guaviare
1958:Guaviare
1908:Ecuador
1860:TepehuĂĄn
1689:Amazonas
1607:GarĂfuna
1378:Manitoba
1361:96,000
1323:120,000
1305:120,000
1287:120,000
1269:130,000
1251:130,000
1233:130,000
1215:140,000
1167:150,000
1144:170,000
1126:170,000
1122:Huasteco
1105:170,000
1087:240,000
1083:Mazateco
1058:250,000
1017:, Chile
1007:260,000
989:270,000
971:310,000
950:410,000
924:420,000
909:Putumayo
893:Putumayo
876:450,000
858:480,000
830:490,000
812:520,000
784:560,000
753:600,000
715:890,000
666:Qʌeqchiʌ
545:Mercosur
517:Paraguay
491:Language
356:(1997),
309:de facto
305:Paraguay
16592:Curaçao
16577:Bonaire
16572:Bermuda
16525:Uruguay
16465:Jamaica
16440:Grenada
16430:Ecuador
16385:Bolivia
16370:Bahamas
16226:Ecuador
16206:Bolivia
16157:Amerind
15955:PayaguĂĄ
15924:âPampas
15892:Puquina
15884:Aymaran
15855:Andes (
15838:Irantxe
15777:Itonama
15642:Urarina
15628:Waorani
15621:Munichi
15614:Omurano
15558:Mochica
15547:Chimuan
15502:Chocoan
15474:Puinave
15468:Nadahup
15381:AndaquĂ
15351:Andes (
15319:SĂĄliban
15257:Arutani
15232:Orinoco
15019:Cariban
14867:Amerind
14842:Ciguayo
14835:Macorix
14809:Cariban
14783: ?
14642: ?
14622:Atakapa
14615:Natchez
14600: ?
14547: ?
14545:Pakawan
14534:Tonkawa
14492:Aranama
14447:Pueblo
14415:Salinan
14396:Esselen
14361:Shastan
14354: ?
14332:Takelma
14324: ?
14311:Siuslaw
14293: ?
14268:Klamath
14260: ?
14258:Plateau
14224:Maiduan
14219:Wintuan
14207: ?
14181:Caddoan
14167: ?
14134: ?
14073:Tlingit
14064:Na-Dene
14019:Waikuri
14012:Timucua
14005:Kutenai
13984:Beothuk
13865:Studies
13793:Uruguay
13768:Ecuador
13748:Bolivia
13695:Jamaica
13594:Writers
13589:Artists
13549:Ecuador
13531:Culture
13512:Mapuche
13184:(SSILA)
12495:If the
12349:(2012)
11233:May 18,
10932:Active
10830:Active
10824:Canada
10763:Naskapi
10750:Abugida
10734:Active
10680:Mi'kmaq
10645:Nahuatl
10555:Nahuatl
10504:Ch'olan
10308:Mapuche
10304:Puquina
10300:Quechua
10270:Status
10011:Micmacs
10007:Basques
9981:pidgins
9960:Yamasee
9915:Chacato
9911:Amacano
9842:Mayaimi
9804:Ausaima
9799:Aranama
9794:Akokisa
9630:Tunican
9474:Na-Dene
9144:
9142:Tunican
9133:
9111:
9090:
9059:
9040:
9009:
9003:Na-Dené
8983:
8967:
8941:
8895:
8864:
8823:
8812:
8796:
8755:
8729:
8702:
8691:
8689:Amerind
8680:
8669:
8659:Amerind
8559:(Chile)
8490:Urarina
8416:Teushen
8361:Tairona
8339:Sechura
8330:Saliban
8299:Puquina
8291:Puinave
8280:(Chile)
8277:Puelche
8265:Ciguayo
8261:Macorix
8227:Patagon
8148:Omurano
8101:Nadahup
8076:Munichi
7951:(Chile)
7888:Kaliana
7829:Itonama
7821:Irantxe
7625:Coeruna
7577:Chimuan
7523:Cariban
7425:Aymaran
7420:Arutani
7386:Andoque
7375:AndaquĂ
7302:Urarina
6965:Wintuan
6909:Tonkawa
6901:Timucua
6887:Takelma
6871:Siuslaw
6856:Shastan
6842:Salinan
6810:Natchez
6804:Na-Dené
6792:Maiduan
6787:Kutenai
6781:Keresan
6740:Esselen
6643:Caddoan
6635:Beothuk
6627:Atakapa
6573:of the
6571:affixes
6521:Plateau
6418:Nahuatl
6406:Na-Dené
6386:English
6261:Bolivia
6236:CochimĂ
6153:Mexico
6150:Mexico
6131:Bolivia
6123:Itonama
5996:Bolivia
5980:Mexico
5977:Mexico
5912:Bolivia
5833:Ontario
5740:Bolivia
5697:Bolivia
5677:Bolivia
5622:Muinane
5559:Mexico
5556:Mexico
5549:Ixcatec
5537:Bolivia
5521:Mexico
5518:Mexico
5501:Arizona
5467:Siriano
5457:Arizona
5447:Yavapai
5399:Achagua
5387:Bolivia
5308:Quechan
5294:Alabama
5290:Georgia
5286:Florida
5225:Koyukon
5201:Chimila
5171:CaquetĂĄ
5165:CaquetĂĄ
5157:Andoque
5040:Mexico
4964:Bolivia
4956:SirionĂł
4948:Mexico
4945:Mexico
4938:Cocopah
4924:Ontario
4915:Ontario
4895:Mexico
4892:Mexico
4873:Bolivia
4853:Bolivia
4837:Mexico
4834:Mexico
4791:Bolivia
4775:Mexico
4772:Mexico
4706:Mexico
4703:Mexico
4621:Arapaho
4607:Nunavut
4592:Nunavut
4499:Ka'apor
4469:Nunavut
4446:Nunavut
4411:Tlingit
4399:Bolivia
4381:Ontario
4375:Ontario
4355:Mexico
4352:Mexico
4309:Bolivia
4263:Bolivia
4247:Mexico
4244:Mexico
4225:Bolivia
4174:(wari)
4114:Xerente
4087:CaquetĂĄ
4081:CaquetĂĄ
4065:Mexico
4062:Mexico
4021:Mexico
4018:Mexico
4003:Brazil
3983:Guyana
3925:Mexico
3782:Bolivia
3742:Vichada
3727:Vichada
3704:GuainĂa
3693:GuainĂa
3685:Puinave
3647:Iñupiaq
3609:Bolivia
3592:Guyana
3583:Guyana
3556:Bolivia
3536:Bolivia
3430:Montana
3319:Mexico
3316:Mexico
3299:Florida
3295:Alabama
3225:Timbira
3190:Chimané
3167:Macushi
3149:Guarayu
3037:Vichada
3033:GuainĂa
3022:Vichada
3018:GuainĂa
3009:Piapoco
2906:Mi'kmaq
2813:Mexico
2810:Mexico
2803:Tepehua
2791:Belize
2683:Bolivia
2679:10,000
2647:Choctaw
2609:10,800
2605:Wounaan
2597:Mexico
2594:Mexico
2591:11,000
2565:11,325
2552:Mexico
2546:Mexico
2541:11,607
2486:12,000
2462:13,000
2458:Awa Pit
2450:Mexico
2447:Mexico
2444:13,000
2427:13,073
2423:Keresan
2408:13,300
2404:Xavante
2394:Arizona
2378:14,012
2360:15,000
2346:Vichada
2340:Vichada
2336:17,000
2324:Mexico
2321:Mexico
2318:17,546
2306:Mexico
2303:Mexico
2300:17,900
2274:18,626
2236:19,000
2214:20,000
2202:Mexico
2199:Mexico
2196:20,100
2172:21,000
2160:Brazil
2155:22,000
2151:Kaigang
2141:Arizona
2136:Mexico
2122:23,313
2118:OÊŒodham
2099:25,000
2079:26,500
2061:30,000
2056:Ch'orti
2042:30,000
2038:Poqomam
2016:31,580
2000:Mexico
1995:33,000
1977:GuainĂa
1969:Vichada
1954:GuainĂa
1946:Vichada
1937:34,000
1933:Sikuani
1920:34,394
1904:Ecuador
1900:35,000
1888:Mexico
1885:Mexico
1882:35,050
1870:Mexico
1867:Mexico
1864:36,000
1838:36,135
1826:Mexico
1823:Mexico
1820:37,072
1780:Nunavik
1765:Nunavut
1760:39,475
1748:Mexico
1745:Mexico
1742:39,600
1730:Mexico
1727:Mexico
1724:44,800
1720:Huichol
1712:Mexico
1709:Mexico
1706:45,000
1702:Chatino
1681:Leticia
1676:47,000
1658:Canada
1655:48,000
1616:Belize
1599:Mexico
1585:Mexico
1582:51,733
1570:Mexico
1567:Mexico
1564:55,588
1544:57,000
1528:Mexico
1523:59,000
1481:60,000
1447:61,000
1429:72,000
1417:Mexico
1414:Mexico
1411:74,000
1399:Canada
1383:Ontario
1373:Alberta
1328:Mexico
1293:Mexico
1290:Mexico
1257:Mexico
1254:Mexico
1239:Mexico
1236:Mexico
1221:Mexico
1218:Mexico
1181:Miskito
1173:Mexico
1170:Mexico
1163:Mazahua
1132:Mexico
1129:Mexico
1110:Mexico
1093:Mexico
1090:Mexico
1075:Mexico
1061:Mexico
1003:Mapuche
995:Mexico
992:Mexico
985:Totonac
977:Mexico
974:Mexico
955:Mexico
880:Ecuador
864:Mexico
861:Mexico
854:Zapotec
846:Mexico
833:Mexico
826:Tzotzil
818:Mexico
815:Mexico
800:Mexico
787:Mexico
780:Tzeltal
758:Mexico
720:Belize
718:Mexico
699:Mexico
690:Kʌicheʌ
678:Mexico
675:Belize
633:Bolivia
617:Mexico
614:Mexico
607:Nahuatl
568:Bolivia
522:Bolivia
509:GuaranĂ
503:Source
451:Canada
342:Origins
313:Quechua
301:GuaranĂ
274:of the
257:Nahuatl
253:Guarani
193:Yucatec
181:Nahuatl
173:Guarani
165:dormant
154:contact
146:Amerind
123:related
119:extinct
99:in the
48:Please
40:use of
16480:Panama
16470:Mexico
16450:Guyana
16395:Canada
16390:Brazil
16380:Belize
16352:states
16246:Guyana
16211:Brazil
16014:Yaghan
15988:Chonan
15948:GuachĂ
15817:AikanĂŁ
15784:Movima
15728:Trumai
15693:Arawan
15678:Amazon
15571:Amazon
15424:Vaupés
15420:JapurĂĄ
15412:Amazon
15387:Paezan
15299:Yaruro
15207:XukurĂș
15151:Baenan
15144:Gamela
15137:Taruma
15131:PurĂan
15060:KarajĂĄ
15055:KamakĂŁ
15026:Tupian
14897:Waroid
14753:Xincan
14694:Lencan
14657:Calusa
14650:Tunica
14527:Solano
14513:Naolan
14457:Tanoan
14371:Pomoan
14305:Coosan
14300:Alsean
14275:Molala
14235:Yokuts
14175:Siouan
14026:PericĂș
13998:Cayuse
13896:Portal
13833:Navajo
13773:Guyana
13753:Brazil
13710:Panama
13700:Mexico
13660:Canada
13655:Belize
13517:Muisca
13439:Common
13121:
13047:
12916:
12862:
12844:
12820:408990
12818:
12736:
12707:
12570:
12545:
12509:Turkic
11386:
11272:
11188:
11140:
11115:
11085:
10884:Ndyuka
10867:Uyaquq
10856:Alaska
10818:Sekani
10810:Sayisi
10802:Slavey
10786:&
10767:Ojibwe
10610:Puebla
10606:Oaxaca
10525:Belize
10389:Oaxaca
10296:Aymara
10189:Michif
10035:Bungee
10013:, and
9945:Taensa
9934:Matsés
9930:Pisabo
9887:Mobila
9881:Mayaca
9861:Grigra
9856:Eyeish
9851:Cusabo
9838:Calusa
9809:Avoyel
9166:Mithun
9023:Paezan
8573:Yaruro
8556:Yaghan
8545:XukurĂș
8503:Wakona
8498:Vilela
8473:Tupian
8459:Trumai
8427:Ticuna
8405:(Peru)
8394:(Peru)
8383:Taruma
8356:(Peru)
8310:Purian
8233:(Peru)
8151:(Peru)
8124:Nonuya
8079:(Peru)
8068:Movima
8049:Mocana
7995:MalibĂș
7920:KarirĂ
7915:KarajĂĄ
7883:Kaimbe
7810:Huarpe
7788:Huamoé
7696:Gamela
7691:FulniĂł
7655:(Peru)
7431:Baenan
7405:Arauan
7364:AikanĂĄ
7356:Aguano
7307:, 1988
7305:shaman
7260:Xincan
7234:Solano
7205:PericĂș
7188:Naolan
7150:Lencan
6923:Tunica
6895:Tanoan
6879:Solano
6865:Siouan
6836:Pomoan
6717:Coosan
6649:Cayuse
6590:Mithun
6517:vowels
6494:Basque
6488:, and
6482:Turkic
6478:Uralic
6454:Oregon
6430:Ojibwe
6422:Navajo
6412:, and
6394:á áŽá«ááá
6282:Alaska
6202:Yahgan
6181:Nonuya
6143:Kiliwa
6058:Alaska
6035:Alaska
6008:Xincan
5956:Alaska
5947:Tanana
5933:Alaska
5865:Alaska
5821:Cayuga
5807:Alaska
5784:Alaska
5761:Alaska
5718:Alaska
5689:Araona
5669:WarĂĄzu
5655:Alaska
5600:Alaska
5567:Ocaina
5511:Paipai
5491:Mojave
5481:Vaupés
5475:Vaupés
5437:Vaupés
5431:Vaupés
5368:&
5358:&
5265:Arauca
5259:Arauca
5241:Alaska
5234:Alaska
5147:Vaupés
5141:Vaupés
5133:Tatuyo
5123:Alaska
5116:Alaska
4903:Oneida
4696:Chocho
4666:1,000
4652:Vaupés
4646:Vaupés
4642:1,032
4638:Macuna
4625:1,087
4587:1,150
4569:Alaska
4554:Alaska
4549:1,217
4535:Alaska
4528:Alaska
4523:1,236
4503:1,241
4483:1,274
4467:&
4461:Alaska
4441:1,310
4427:Alaska
4420:Alaska
4415:1,360
4395:1,400
4391:Movima
4367:1,453
4363:Seneca
4349:1,500
4325:1,700
4305:1,700
4279:1,735
4259:1,800
4255:Tacana
4241:1,800
4221:1,810
4197:1,850
4177:1,854
4156:1,871
4152:FulniĂŽ
4138:2,000
4118:2,051
4101:2,100
4097:TiriyĂł
4077:2,100
4059:2,100
4033:2,120
4029:Slavey
4015:2,136
3998:2,137
3994:KarajĂĄ
3980:2,217
3976:Waiwai
3964:&
3941:2,320
3917:2,288
3897:2,298
3879:Nariño
3868:Nariño
3863:2,400
3839:2,400
3822:2,512
3808:Vaupés
3802:Vaupés
3798:2,600
3794:Wanano
3778:2,700
3758:2,886
3746:Arauca
3731:Arauca
3718:2,900
3689:3,000
3671:Alaska
3656:Alaska
3651:3,000
3625:3,000
3621:MocovĂ
3605:3,129
3577:Bonfim
3572:3,154
3552:3,160
3548:Desano
3532:3,160
3528:Ayoreo
3518:BoyacĂĄ
3512:BoyacĂĄ
3508:3,550
3492:&
3484:3,563
3467:3,588
3444:3,875
3440:Mohawk
3424:3,862
3407:3,900
3403:Kulina
3383:4,000
3367:&
3356:&
3349:5,000
3331:5,000
3313:5,039
3278:5,072
3258:5,100
3254:SanumĂĄ
3229:5,100
3212:5,123
3194:5,300
3177:Guyana
3171:5,800
3153:5,900
3135:5,900
3104:6,000
3088:&
3079:6,200
3075:Kayapo
3065:Vaupés
3059:Vaupés
3055:6,300
3013:6,400
2996:6,780
2972:6,800
2958:Vaupés
2948:Vaupés
2927:7,100
2923:Tukano
2910:7,140
2880:8,000
2862:8,000
2842:8,200
2838:TerĂȘna
2825:8,900
2807:8,900
2760:9,000
2740:9,500
2723:9,620
2699:9,900
2663:&
2651:9,600
2332:Piaroa
2286:Alaska
2279:Alaska
2268:&
1973:Arauca
1950:Arauca
1784:Quebec
1672:Tikuna
1651:Ojibwe
1560:Amuzgo
1465:&
1454:&
1388:Quebec
1140:Navajo
905:Nariño
889:Nariño
872:Kichwa
808:Mixtec
625:Aymara
533:Tacuru
317:Aymara
255:, and
249:Aymara
221:Nordic
191:, and
189:Quiché
185:Kekchi
177:Aymara
161:UNESCO
16567:Aruba
16455:Haiti
16400:Chile
16265:Lists
16221:Chile
16175:Chaco
16021:Chono
15999:Chile
15922:Chaco
15904:Kunza
15867:Culle
15845:Arara
15831:KwazĂĄ
15824:KanoĂȘ
15713:Muran
15446:Boran
15426:area)
15374:CamsĂĄ
15367:CofĂĄn
15325:Betoi
15287:Guamo
15280:Warao
15193:Wamoé
15105:GuatĂł
15083:Ofayé
15076:JaikĂł
14906:Lists
14766:Huave
14700:Mayan
14576:Garza
14463:Keres
14429:Washo
14408:Karuk
14377:Yuman
14352:Hokan
14241:Utian
14194:Yuchi
14132:Mosan
14114:Yurok
14107:Wiyot
14098:Algic
14046:Aleut
13991:Bidai
13960:Haida
13870:Trade
13758:Chile
13572:Music
13539:Andes
13487:Olmec
13477:Aztec
12816:JSTOR
12651:(PDF)
12347:INALI
12204:(PDF)
12089:(PDF)
12072:(PDF)
12032:(PDF)
11942:(PDF)
11900:(PDF)
11893:(PDF)
11730:(PDF)
11703:(PDF)
11673:(PDF)
11646:(PDF)
11606:(PDF)
11570:(PDF)
11409:(PDF)
11355:(PDF)
11186:S2CID
10919:Osage
10559:other
10354:1500
10279:Quipu
10258:Type
10147:Creek
9965:Yazoo
9919:Chine
9876:Koroa
9871:Houma
9866:Guale
9824:CacĂĄn
9819:Bidai
9757:Hokan
9686:â80%
9673:â60%
9660:â85%
9621:+75%
9608:+95%
9595:+80%
9582:+10%
9569:+75%
9556:+50%
9543:â85%
9530:â90%
9517:+25%
9504:â90%
9491:+40%
9465:â60%
9461:Mosan
9452:+20%
9439:â40%
9426:â90%
9413:â80%
9400:â20%
9387:+30%
9374:â40%
9348:+65%
9335:â60%
9322:â30%
9309:â90%
9296:â25%
9270:â25%
9255:â85%
9229:â50%
9216:â75%
9203:â50%
9007:Haida
8981:Mosan
8810:Hokan
8511:Warao
8247:Pijao
8188:Palta
8132:Ofayé
8087:Muran
7959:Kwaza
7854:JeikĂł
7847:(13)
7750:GuatĂł
7736:Guamo
7666:Cunza
7652:Culle
7644:Cueva
7636:CofĂĄn
7617:Chono
7601:(10)
7599:Choco
7525:(29)
7488:CamsĂĄ
7451:Betoi
7269:Yuman
7170:Mayan
7139:Huave
7091:Texas
6985:Yuchi
6960:Washo
6952:Wappo
6933:(15)
6931:Utian
6776:Karuk
6748:Haida
6618:Alsea
6612:Algic
6545:Mayan
6467:Hokan
6446:Wiyot
6442:Yurok
6410:Algic
6340:Notes
5904:Bauré
5752:Ahtna
5732:Itene
5591:Haida
5423:Kakwa
5251:HitnĂŒ
5181:GuajĂĄ
5090:Yurok
5070:Tembé
4976:Siona
4803:Nukak
4519:Aleut
4479:Kiowa
4321:Jupda
4207:Cesar
4201:Cesar
3859:CofĂĄn
3714:Cuiba
3637:Chaco
3630:Chaco
3379:CamsĂĄ
3365:Cesar
3354:Cesar
3114:Cesar
3100:Yukpa
3051:Cubeo
2782:MopĂĄn
2633:Cauca
2629:ChocĂł
2618:Cauca
2614:ChocĂł
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