Indigenous Australians

3749: 3735: 3721: 1375: 3707: 2123:

out. A conspiracy to commit genocide and an attempt at genocide are both crimes which are committed whether or not any actual destruction occurred." Further, Wilson found that "The debates at the time of the drafting of the Genocide Convention establish clearly that an act or policy is still genocidal when it is motivated by a number of objectives. To constitute an act of genocide the planned extermination of a group need not be solely motivated by animosity or hatred."...and that "reasonable foreseeability...is sufficient to establish the Convention's intent element." He concluded that "The policy of forcible removal of children from Indigenous Australians to other groups for the purpose of raising them separately from and ignorant of their culture and people could properly be labelled 'genocidal' in breach of binding international law from at least 11 December 1946...The practice continued for almost another quarter of a century."

660: 2932: 3991: 2842: 7003: 3904: 4004: 3928: 933: 838:. Estimates of the population of the Aboriginal people of Tasmania, before European arrival, are in the range of 3,000 to 15,000 people although genetic studies have suggested significantly higher figures, which are supported by Indigenous oral traditions that indicate a reduction in population from diseases introduced by British and American sealers before settlement. The original population was further reduced to around 300 between 1803 and 1833 due to disease, warfare and other actions of British settlers. Despite over 170 years of debate over who or what was responsible for this near-extinction, no consensus exists on its origins, process, or whether or not it was genocide. However, according to Benjamin Madley, using the "UN definition, sufficient evidence exists to designate the 3978: 957: 3965: 2040: 4017: 969: 3767: 4180: 981: 993: 3941: 3916: 3953: 1249: 3666:") defined an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander as "a person of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent who identifies as an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander and is accepted as such by the community in which he or she lives". The ruling was a three-part definition comprising descent, self-identification and community identification. The first part – descent – was genetic descent and unambiguous, but led to cases where a lack of records to prove ancestry excluded some. Self- and community identification were more problematic as they meant that an Indigenous person separated from his or her community due to a family dispute could no longer identify as Aboriginal. 1730: 921: 4406:

347,572 Indigenous people (out of the total 649,171 in Australia) declared an affiliation to some form of Christianity, with a higher proportion of Torres Strait Islander than Aboriginal people in this number. 7,773 reported traditional beliefs; 1,511 Islam; other religions numbered less than 1,000 each. However the question is optional; 48,670 did not respond, and in addition, nearly 4,000 were reported as "inadequately described". (In the 2006 census, 73% of the Indigenous population reported an affiliation with a Christian denomination, 24% reported no religious affiliation and 1% reported affiliation with an Australian Aboriginal traditional religion.)

25734: 25704: 1132:(LM3) with that of ancient and modern Aboriginal peoples indicated that Mungo Man is not related to Australian Aboriginal peoples. However, these findings have been met with a general lack of acceptance in scientific communities. The sequence has been criticised as there has been no independent testing, and it has been suggested that the results may be due to posthumous modification and thermal degradation of the DNA. Although the contested results seem to indicate that Mungo Man may have been an extinct subspecies that diverged before the most recent common ancestor of contemporary humans, the administrative body for the 682: 25719: 25689: 1182: 945: 25674: 6103:; and many others. An AIHW survey covering eight years to 2019, published in December 2021, revealed that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people accounted for 28 per cent of all hospitalisations due to family violence, despite only making up 3.3% of the total population. Various reasons were suggested by experts, including Aboriginal men's control of decision-making, and limited independence for women owing to economic factors; barriers in access to services; racism by some police and other services; and lack of enough Aboriginal-run organisations providing culturally safe services. 5337: 5449: 1790: 1413: 724: 7561: 5779:

years. The ABS introduced a new method in 2009, but problems remained. A 2013 study, referring to the national Indigenous reform policy, Closing the Gap, looked at the difficulties in interpreting the extent of the gap because of differing methods of estimating life expectancy between 2007 and 2012. The 2019 report by the Close the Gap campaign reported that the gap in life expectancy was "widening rather than closing". Life expectancy for Aboriginals and Torres Strait islanders was 71.6 for men and 75.6 for women as of 2016-17.

4674: 6241:, Aboriginal Australians always had the legal right to vote in Australian Commonwealth elections if their State granted them that right. This meant that all Aboriginal peoples outside Queensland and Western Australia had a legal right to vote. The right of Indigenous ex-servicemen to vote was affirmed in 1949 and all Indigenous Australians gained the unqualified right to vote in Federal elections in 1962. Unlike other Australians, however, voting was not made compulsory for Indigenous people, and it was not until the repeal of 6393:, who was appointed to the Northern Territory ministry in 2002 (she became Deputy Chief Minister in 2008). Representation in the Northern Territory has been relatively high, reflecting the high proportion of Aboriginal voters. The 2012 Territory election saw large swings to the conservative CLP in remote Territory electorates, and a total of five Aboriginal CLP candidates won election to the Assembly, along with one Labor candidate, in a chamber of 25 members. Among those elected for the CLP were high-profile activists 4660: 2083: 4478: 15429: 442: 812: 4052:

50 to 100 people. Indigenous languages are divided into language groups with from ten to twenty-four language families identified. It is currently estimated that up to 145 Indigenous languages remain in use, of which fewer than 20 are considered to be strong in the sense that they are still spoken by all age groups. All but 13 Indigenous languages are considered to be endangered. Several extinct Indigenous languages are being reconstructed. For example, the last fluent speaker of the

2071: 6126:, announced the creation of a reparations fund for members of the Stolen Generations—Indigenous Australians who were forcibly removed from their homes as children. This policy of forced assimilation, which continued into the 1970s, has had lasting impacts on Indigenous communities. The reparations fund includes one-off payments of 75,000 Australian dollars to victims, as part of a broader initiative to address the serious disadvantages faced by Australia's Indigenous population. 4437: 868: 1291:

genetic flow from India to northern Australia estimated at slightly over four thousand years ago, a time when changes in tool technology and food processing appear in the Australian archaeological record, suggesting that these may be related. Mallick et al. 2016 and Mark Lipson et al. 2017 study found that the bifurcation of Eastern Eurasian and Western Eurasian dates back to least 45,000 years ago, with Australasians nested inside the Eastern Eurasian clade.

4814: 5984:

by government policy, such as discrimination and unfair treatment. Employed Indigenous Australians were more likely to experience discrimination than those who are unemployed, and it has been found that the second most common source of unfair treatment (after members of the public) is at work or applying for work. There was also a significant lack of consultation with Indigenous peoples on the methods they think best to tackle issues like unemployment.

6790: 7173:

Malaspinas et al. 2016), it is reasonable to describe Papuans as either an almost even mixture between East Asians and a lineage basal to West and East Asians occurred sometimes between 45 and 38 ka, or as a sister lineage of East Asians with or without a minor basal OoA or xOoA contribution. We here chose to parsimoniously describe Papuans as a simple sister group of Tianyuan, cautioning that this may be just one out of six equifinal possibilities."

7314:"A specific estimate of the life expectancy gap has not been established among stakeholders in Indigenous health. Agreement on the magnitude of the gap is arguably needed in order to evaluate strategies aimed at improving health outcomes for Indigenous Australians. Moreover, measuring progress towards 'closing the gap' depends on the availability of comparable estimates, using the same techniques of measurement to assess changes over time." ( 6989: 2210: 2115:. There has been broad range of historical research on the massacres and treatment of Aboriginal peoples, including by Lyndall Ryan at the Centre for 21st Century Humanities, the Frontier Conflict Database, and the Australian Commonwealth government's Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC) Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children From their Families. 4799: 4458: 6144: 4977: 2119:

foundations of the lives of national groups, with the aim of annihilating the groups themselves." The objectives of which were "the disintegration of the political and social institutions, of culture, language, national feelings, religion, and the economic existence of national groups, the destruction of personal security, liberty, health, dignity, and even the lives of the individuals belonging to such groups."

2908: 15496: 13627: 3869:, 812,000 people identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander, representing 3.2% of the population. This was an increase from 2.8% in 2016 (i.e. about 25% increase), and 2.5% in 2011. However, the net undercount of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people was 17.4%, and the estimated Indigenous population is around 952,000 to 1,000,000, or just under 4 per cent of the total population. 7219:, The general principle that came to be followed was that those who were identified as purely Aboriginal were left alone, because it was assumed that they would die out in a few generations, but part-Aboriginal people were "rescued" so that they could be brought up like white children. A few may have benefited from this, but for a majority of them separation from their families was distressing. 4121:", between two particular people, where eye contact is important and the speaker controls the interaction; and "contained" in a relatively short, defined time frame. However, traditional Aboriginal conversational interaction is "communal", broadcast to many people, eye contact is not important, the listener controls the interaction; and "continuous", spread over a longer, indefinite time frame. 1552:

million people was possible. More recent work suggests that Aboriginal populations exceeded 1.2 million 500 years ago, but may have fallen somewhat with the introduction of disease pathogens from Eurasia in the last 500 years. The population was split into 250 individual nations, many of which were in alliance with one another, and within each nation there existed separate, often related

6813: 2838:, which excluded "Aboriginal natives of Australia, Asia, Africa and Pacific Islands except New Zealand" from voting unless they were on the roll before 1901, South Australia insisted that all voters enfranchised within its borders would remain eligible to vote in the Commonwealth, and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people continued to be added to their rolls, albeit haphazardly. 1090: 4071:, are found a number of non-Pama–Nyungan groups of languages which have not been shown to be related to the Pama–Nyungan family nor to each other. While it has sometimes proven difficult to work out familial relationships within the Pama–Nyungan language family, many Australian linguists feel there has been substantial success. Against this, some linguists, such as 332:

However, the Government has stated that as of 30 June 2021, there are 983,700 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, representing 3.8% of the total population of Australia, as the "final 2021 Census-based estimated resident population". Of these, 91.7% identified as Aboriginal; 4.0% identified as Torres Strait Islander; 4.3% identified with both groups.

7199:(Brisbane 2011), page 10-11 & 15. Column one is the distribution percentage calculated on the estimates gathered and publicised in 1930 (Official Year Book of the Commonwealth of Australia XXIII, 1930, pp672, 687–696) by the social anthropologist Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown. The percentage in column two was calculated on the basis of N.G. Butlin: 1401:, moving according to the changing food availability found across different areas as seasons changed, the mode of life and material cultures varied greatly from region to region, and there were permanent settlements and agriculture in some areas. The greatest population density was to be found in the southern and eastern regions of the continent, the 1454:

over by Europeans would ruin this soil by trampling on it. To add on the complexity of Aboriginal farming techniques, farmers deliberately exchanged seeds to begin growing plants where they did not naturally occur. In fact there were so many examples of Aboriginal Australians managing farm land in a complex manner that Australian Anthropologist,

16593: 1781:, who had been instructed to "endeavour by every possible means to open an intercourse with the natives, and to conciliate their affections", and to enjoin his British subjects to "live in amity and kindness with them" so as "to cultivate an acquaintance with them without their having an idea of our great superiority over them". 4003: 3927: 358:, which have been dated to around 40,000 years ago, although Indigenous Australians have most likely been living in Australia for upwards of 65,000 years. Isolated for millennia by rising sea water after the last Ice Age, Australian Aboriginal peoples developed a variety of regional cultures and languages, invented distinct 3964: 3990: 3678:"...either genuine self-identification as Aboriginal alone or Aboriginal communal recognition as such by itself may suffice, according to the circumstances." This contributed to an increase of 31% in the number of people identifying as Indigenous Australians in the 1996 census when compared to the 1991 census. In 1998 1997: 3977: 2052:

to integrate Aboriginal persons who were "not of full blood" into the white community in an effort to eliminate the "Aboriginal problem". As part of this, there was an increase in the number of children forcibly removed from their homes and placed with white people, either in institutions or foster homes.

2095:

armed groups of Aboriginal men who were recruited at gunpoint and led by government officers to eliminate Aboriginal resistance. There is evidence that massacres of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, which began with arrival of British colonists, continued until the 1930s. Researchers at the

6520:

that would see recognition for Indigenous Australians, who delivered their report, which included five recommendations for changes to the Constitution as well as recommendations for the referendum process, in January 2012. The Government promised to hold a referendum on the constitutional recognition

5983:

had an employment probability of 85% (for males) and 74% (for females) for gaining employment, decreasing along with qualifications, so that those who have completed Year 9 and below have a 43% (male) and 32% (female) probability of gaining employment. Other factors, unlike education, are not covered

5946:

However, most of the Closing the Gap targets for education are not on track. In general, the gaps have improved (such as in NAPLAN results) or not devolved (school attendance rate remaining stable for several years) have not met targets. Remoteness seems to be a factor; students in isolated or remote

5778:

The life expectancy of Indigenous Australians is difficult to quantify accurately. Indigenous deaths are poorly identified, and the official figures for the size of the population at risk include large adjustment factors. Two estimates of Indigenous life expectancy in 2008 differed by as much as five

4352:

The involvement of Christians in Aboriginal affairs has evolved significantly since 1788. The Churches became involved in mission work among Aboriginal peoples in the 19th century as Europeans came to control much of the continent, and the majority of the population was eventually converted. Colonial

4051:

According to the 2005 National Indigenous Languages Survey (NILS), at the time the Australian continent was colonised, there were around 250 different Indigenous languages, with the larger language groups each having up to 100 related dialects. Some of these languages were only ever spoken by perhaps

3582:

It has been variously estimated that before the arrival of British settlers, the population of Indigenous (probably Aboriginal only) Australians was approximately 318,000–1,000,000 with the distribution being similar to that of the current Australian population, the majority living in the south-east,

2813:

By 1900, the recorded Indigenous population of Australia had declined to approximately 93,000. However, this was only a partial count, as both Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders were poorly covered, with desert Aboriginal peoples not counted at all until the 1930s. During the first half of

2094:

As part of the colonisation process, there were many conflicts and clashes between colonists and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people across the continent and islands. In Queensland, the killing of Aboriginal peoples was largely perpetrated by civilian "hunting" parties and the Native Police,

2051:

From 1810, Aboriginal peoples were moved onto mission stations, run by churches and the state. After this period of protectionist policies that aimed to segregate and control Aboriginal populations, in 1937 the Commonwealth government agreed to move towards assimilation policies. These policies aimed

1146:

Recent work with mitochondrial DNA suggests a founder population of between 1,000 and 3,000 women to produce the genetic diversity observed, which suggests that "initial colonisation of the continent would have required deliberate organised sea travel, involving hundreds of people". Aboriginal people

7304:

Ronald M. Berndt has published traditional Aboriginal song-poetry in his book "Three Faces of Love", Nelson 1976. R.M.W. Dixon and M. Duwell have published two books dealing with sacred and everyday poetry: "The Honey Ant Men's Love Song" and "Little Eva at Moonlight Creek", University of Queensland

6129:

In addition, there's an emerging solidarity between Black and Indigenous communities for finding land justice and reparations. Initiatives like the Indigenous-led Land Back movement and various Black community organizations are working towards reclaiming land and advocating for financial restitution

5998:

Indigenous Australians are over-represented in Australia's criminal justice system. As of September 2019, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander prisoners represented 28% of the total adult prisoner population, while accounting for 3.3% of the general population. In May 2018, Indigenous women made up

5978:

A 2016 ABS report on labour force characteristics show low employment rates. An analysis of the figures suggested significant barriers to Indigenous people gaining employment, possibly including job location, employer discrimination, and lack of education and others. A big factor is education. Those

4273:

Torres Strait Islander people have their own traditional belief systems. Stories of the Tagai represent Torres Strait Islanders as sea people, with a connection to the stars, as well as a system of order in which everything has its place in the world. Some Torres Strait Islander people share beliefs

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he tried to enlist but was rejected because he was an Aborigine so he moved to another state where he enlisted as a non-Aborigine. After the end of the war he applied for a passport but was rejected as he was an Aborigine, he obtained an exemption under the Aborigines Protection Act but was now told

719:

or belonging to a particular place or "country". A community may draw on separate cultural values and individuals can conceivably belong to a number of communities within Australia; identification within them may be adopted or rejected. An individual community may identify itself by many names, each

21363:

analysis confirmed this branching pattern, with the Leang Panninge individual branching off from the Near Oceanian clade after the Denisovan gene flow, although with the most supported topology indicating around 50% of a basal East Asian component contributing to the Leang Panninge genome (Fig. 3c,

7248:

report, the Victorian government stated that "despite the apparent recognition in government reports that the interests of Indigenous children were best served by keeping them in their own communities, the number of Aboriginal children forcibly removed continued to increase, rising from 220 in 1973

6082:

The rate of family violence in Indigenous Australian communities, especially in the Northern Territory, has been high for many years, and under-reported. It has been estimated to be around 34 times greater than the national rate, and, in the worst areas, up to 80 times. There is no single cause for

4405:

affiliation, while less than 2% reported traditional beliefs as their religion, and 36% reported no religion. The proportion of Indigenous people who reported no religion has increased gradually since 2001, standing at 36% in 2016. According to "Table 8: Religious Affiliation by Indigenous Status",

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of their respective parliaments in order that they would have "a reasonable chance of absorption into the white community to which they rightly belong". Grey areas in determination of ethnicity led to people of mixed ancestry being caught in the middle of divisive policies which often led to absurd

2107:

Estimating the total number of deaths during the frontier wars is difficult due to lack of records and the fact that many massacres of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander were kept secret. It is often quoted that 20,000 Aboriginal Australians and 2000 colonists died in the frontier wars; however,

1952:

Another consequence of British colonisation was European seizure of land and water resources, with the decimation of kangaroo and other food sources which continued throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries as rural lands were converted for sheep and cattle grazing. Settlers also participated in

1769:

in Queensland, where his ship was nearly wrecked on the Great Barrier Reef. Here relations were generally amicable and Cook recorded words from their language including "kangaroo", though a fight broke out when the British took turtles from the river without sharing them. Peace was restored when an

466:

There are a number of appropriate terms to use when referring to Aboriginal peoples of Australia, but there is general agreement that it is important to respect the "preferences of individuals, families, or communities, and allow them to define what they are most comfortable with" when referring to

6003:

reported that about half (a total of 2,339) of the young people aged 10–17 under supervision in 2016–17 were Indigenous, although of that age group, Indigenous youth represent 5% of the general population. It concludes from the data that there is a clear issue occurring not only within Australia's

4388:

on 1 July 1871, establishing its first base in the region there. The Islanders refer to this as "The Coming of the Light", or "Coming of Light" and all Island communities celebrate the occasion annually on 1 July. However the coming of Christianity did not spell the end of the people's traditional

2122:

Wilson states that "Genocide can be committed by means other than actual physical extermination. It is committed by the forcible transfer of children, provided the other elements of the crime are established." He points out that "Genocide is committed even when the destruction has not been carried

1761:

Nevertheless, Cook also noted in his journal two men at Botany Bay who "seem'd resolved to oppose" his first landing. According to Cook, after one of the men threw a rock, Cook fired a musquet loaded with small shott, which struck him with little effect. Some shott was lodged into one of the men's

1290:

peoples of Asia, (not found amongst populations in mainland Asia) suggesting that modern and archaic humans interbred in Asia approximately 44,000 years ago, before Australia separated from New Guinea and the migration to Australia. A 2012 paper reports that there is also evidence of a substantial

385:

Although there are a number of cultural commonalities among Indigenous Australians, there is also a great diversity among different communities. The 2022 Australian census recorded 167 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages used at home by some 76,978 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander

5356:

Though lost to history, many traditional forms of recreation were played and while these varied from tribe to tribe, there were often similarities. Ball games were quite popular and played by tribes across Australia, as were games based on use of weapons. There is extensive documented evidence of

4219:

and religious values are based upon reverence for the land and a belief in this Dreamtime. The Dreaming is at once both the ancient time of creation and the present-day reality of Dreaming. Different language and cultural groups each had their own belief structures; these cultures overlapped to a

3638:

In 1935, an Australian of part Indigenous descent left his home on a reserve to visit a nearby hotel where he was ejected for being Aboriginal. He returned home but was refused entry to the reserve because he was not Aboriginal. He attempted to remove his children from the reserve but was told he

2118:

According to the analysis of Justice Ronald Wilson in the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Report Australia's policy of forcible removal was genocidal in nature. Quoting Raphael Lemkin, Wilson defined genocide as "a coordinated plan of different actions aimed at the destruction of the essential

2103:

have been mapping the massacres. as of 2020 they have mapped almost 500 places where massacres happened, with 12,361 Aboriginal people killed and 204 Colonists killed, numbering at least 311 massacres over a period of about 140 years. After losing a significant number of their social unit in one

1757:

they may appear to some to be the most wretched people upon Earth, but in reality they are far more happier than we Europeans; being wholy unacquainted not only with the superfluous but the necessary conveniencies so much sought after in Europe, they are happy in not knowing the use of them. They

1453:

were harvested by leaving the bottom part of the yam still stuck in the ground so that it would grow again in the same spot. Similar to many other farmers in the world, Aboriginal peoples used slash and burn techniques to enrich the nutrients of their soil. However, sheep and cattle later brought

16604: 3886:

In the 2016, over 33% of the Indigenous population lived in major cities, compared with about 75% of the non-Indigenous population, with a further 24% in "inner regional" areas (compared with 18%), 20% in "outer regional" (8%), while nearly 18% lived in "remote" or "very remote" areas (2%). (Ten

2964:

As mentioned above, Indigenous Australians received lower wages than their non-Indigenous counterparts in employment. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Queensland in particular had their income quarantined by the Protector and were allowed a minimal amount of their income. In 1966,

1551:

At the time of first European contact, it is generally estimated that the pre-1788 population was 314,000, while recent archaeological finds suggest that a population of 500,000 to 750,000 could have been sustained, with some ecologists estimating that a population of up to a million or even two

710:

The broad term Aboriginal Australians includes many regional groups that may be identified under names based on local language, locality, or what they are called by neighbouring groups. Some communities, cultures or groups may be inclusive of others and alter or overlap; significant changes have

7264:

Indigenous people across Australia and other colonist societies – Canada, New Zealand and South Africa – did not gain equal access to their repatriation benefits and military wages. In contrast to other Australian states, Aboriginal authorities in Victoria did not systematically deny Aboriginal

7172:

Genetics and material culture support repeated expansions into Paleolithic Eurasia from a population hub out of Africa, Vallini et al. 2022 (4 April 2022) Quote: "Taken together with a lower bound of the final settlement of Sahul at 37 ka (the date of the deepest population splits estimated by

3872:

Growth to 2016 was mainly in major cities and along the eastern coast of Australia. In 2018 the ABS published a report exploring the reasons for these findings, with some of the factors behind the increase being higher fertility rates of Indigenous women; people entering the population through

331:

as being of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin in the 2021 Australian Census, representing 3.2% of the total population of Australia. Of these Indigenous Australians, 91.4% identified as Aboriginal; 4.2% identified as Torres Strait Islander; while 4.4% identified with both groups.

4092:

Nearly three quarters of Australian place names have origins in Aboriginal languages. However, the method of recording names used by early colonial surveyors was often unreliable. When a surveyor was seeking the name of a river, the Aboriginal responder might have given the word for "sand" or

3952: 3940: 3432:

in Central Australia. The statement calls for a "First Nations Voice" in the Australian Constitution and a "Makarrata Commission" to supervise a process of "agreement-making" and "truth-telling" between government and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The statement references the

1559:

There is some evidence to suggest that the section of the Australian continent now occupied by Queensland was the single most densely populated area of pre-contact Australia. There are also signs that the population density of Aboriginal Australia was comparatively higher in the north-eastern

4778:

is their "literature" – "the most important aspect of Torres Strait lifestyle. The Torres Strait Islanders preserve and present their oral history through songs and dances;... the dances act as illustrative material and, of course, the dancer himself is the storyteller" (Ephraim Bani, 1979).

4561:

sites in Europe), and Aboriginal art is believed to be the oldest continuing tradition of art in the world. There are three major regional styles: the geometric style found in Central Australia, Tasmania, the Kimberley and Victoria, known for its concentric circles, arcs and dots; the simple

497:

While the term "Indigenous Australians" has grown in popularity since the 1980s, many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples dislike it, feeling that it is too generic and removes their identity. However, many people think that the term is useful and convenient, and can be used where

3792:

providing a legal advice that a person was an 'aboriginal native' if they were a 'full-blood aboriginal'. As a consequence of section 127, Indigenous Australians in remote areas uninhabited by non-Indigenous Australians were not counted prior to 1967 in censuses and sometimes estimated.

489:

as early as 1789. It became capitalised and was employed as the common name to refer to both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, although today the latter are not included in the term. The term "Aborigine" (as opposed to "Aboriginal") is often disfavoured, being regarded as having

4016: 4210:

In Aboriginal communities knowledge and decision making is shared between tribal elders. Travellers had to seek elder recognition and acknowledge local Elders – this is increasingly practiced in public events in Australia. Within Aboriginal belief systems, a formative epoch known as

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in Newcastle, Murdering Creek at Lake Weyba, Skull Pocket and Skeleton Creek near Cairns, Rifle Creek near Mt Molloy Qld, Skull Lagoon near Mt Carbine Qld, Skull Hole near Winton Qld, Battle Camp Road, Range and Station east of Laura Qld, Slaughterhouse Creek (Waterloo Creek) NSW.

5660:, over 33% of the Indigenous population lived in major cities, compared with about 75% of the non-Indigenous population, with a further 24% in "inner regional" areas (compared with 18%), 20% in "outer regional" (8%), while nearly 18% lived in "remote" or "very remote" areas (2%). 6817: 397:

The Indigenous population prior to European settlement was small, with estimates ranging widely from 318,000 to over 3,000,000 in total, with the distribution being similar to that of the current Australian population, the majority living in the south-east, centred along the

896:

comprise over 100 islands which were annexed by Queensland in 1879. Many Indigenous organisations incorporate the phrase "Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander" to highlight the distinctiveness and importance of Torres Strait Islanders in Australia's Indigenous population.

5971:, the Indigenous employment rate had decreased from 48% to 46.6% between 2006 and 2016, while the non-Indigenous employment rate remained steady at around 72% (a 25.4% gap). The employment rate for Indigenous women, however, increased from 39% to 44.8% in the same period. 3362:

In 2010, United Nations Special Rapporteur James Anaya found the Emergency Response to be racially discriminatory, and said that aspects of it represented a limitation on "individual autonomy". These findings were criticised by the government's Indigenous Affairs Minister

6459:(ICC) that administer Shared Responsibility Agreements and Regional Partnership Agreements with Aboriginal communities at a local level. ICCs operate as whole-of-government centres, housing staff from a number of departments to deliver services to Indigenous Australians. 6814: 2381: 4357:, strongly advocated for Aboriginal rights and dignity. Around the year 2000, many churches and church organisations officially apologised for past failures to adequately respect Indigenous cultures and address the injustices of the dispossession of Indigenous people. 2834:, all Indigenous Australians were nominally entitled to vote, generally only those who merged into mainstream society did so. Only Western Australia and Queensland specifically excluded Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people from the electoral rolls. Despite the 2826:

for extremely low wages. The Indigenous population continued to decline, reaching a low of 74,000 in 1933 before numbers began to recover. By 1995, population numbers had reached pre-colonisation levels, and in 2010 there were around 563,000 Indigenous Australians.

7128:

The use of the term Indigenous or Indigenous Australian is discouraged by many for being too generic and/or dehumanising. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders generally prefer more specific terms for their unique cultural origins or "Aboriginal and Torres Strait

1436:

There is some evidence that, before outside contact, some groups of Aboriginal Australians had a complex subsistence system with elements of agriculture, that was only recorded by the first European explorers. One early settler took notes on the life styles of the

4088:

It has been suggested that, given their long presence in Australia, Aboriginal languages form one specific sub-grouping. The position of Tasmanian languages is unknown, and it is also unknown whether they comprised one or more than one specific language family.

3915: 1465:

noted large stone fish traps on the Darling River at Brewarrina. Each trap covers a pool, herding fish through a small entrance that would later be shut. Traps were created at different heights to accommodate different water levels during floods and droughts.

3883:) to non-Aboriginal spouses increased to 78.2% in the 2016 census, (up from 74% in 2011, 64% in 1996, 51% in 1991 and 46% in 1986); it was reported in 2002 that up to 88% of the offspring of mixed marriages subsequently self-identify as Indigenous Australians. 1374: 885:. Accordingly, they are not generally included under the designation "Aboriginal Australians". This has been another factor in the promotion of the more inclusive term "Indigenous Australians". Six percent of Indigenous Australians identify themselves fully as 620:

was defined in a museum guide as: "a term used by some Aboriginal people to reclaim historical, representational, symbolical, stereotypical and romanticised notions of Black or Blackness. Often used as ammunition or inspiration." Deacon said that removing the

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that Aboriginal descent is "technical" rather than "real" – thereby eliminating a genetic requirement. This decision established that anyone can classify him or herself legally as an Aboriginal, provided he or she is accepted as such by his or her community.

2948:

The 1960s was a pivotal decade in the assertion of Aboriginal rights and a time of growing collaboration between Aboriginal activists and white Australian activists. In 1962, Commonwealth legislation specifically gave Aboriginal people the right to vote in

5934:

Closing the Gap has focused on improving education for Indigenous people, with some success. Attainment of Year 12 or equivalent for ages 20–24 has increased from 47.4% in 2006 to 65.3% in 2016. This has led to more Indigenous people undertaking higher or

6182:

Since the 20th century there have been a number of individuals and organisations who have instigated significant events in the struggle for political representation, land rights and other political issues affecting the lives of Indigenous Australians:

1256:

Rasmussen et al 2011 shows that Aboriginal Australian have a lower proportion of European alleles compared to Asians, which they believe is indicative of a multiple dispersal model. Genetically, while Aboriginal Australians are most closely related to

3402:

In 2010, the federal government appointed a panel comprising Indigenous leaders, other legal experts and some members of parliament (including Ken Wyatt) to provide advice on how best to recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in the

15133: 6727:

declared independence from Australia, claiming territory straddling the border between the states of New South Wales and Queensland. Australia's Attorney General's Department indicated it did not consider the declaration to have any meaning in law.

5850:. Tobacco use has been estimated to be the "greatest contributor (23%) to the gap in the disease burden between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians", with Indigenous people 2.5 times more likely to smoke daily than non-Indigenous Australians. 3669:

As a result, there arose court cases throughout the 1990s where excluded people demanded that their Aboriginality be recognised. As a result, lower courts refined the High Court test when subsequently applying it. In 1995, Justice Drummond in the

4063:. The rest are sometimes lumped under the term "non-Pama–Nyungan". The Pama–Nyungan languages form the majority, covering most of Australia, and are generally thought to be a family of related languages. In the north, stretching from the Western 1993:), as well as racist policies, like Brisbane's Boundary Streets, which used to indicate boundaries where Aboriginal people were not allowed to cross during certain times of the day. There is ongoing discussion about changing many of these names. 538:

and often used pejoratively, the term is used today to indicate Aboriginal heritage or culture in general and refers to any people of such heritage regardless of their level of skin pigmentation. In the 1970s, many Aboriginal activists, such as

6816: 2036:, many of whom were there on trumped up charges, were chained up and forced to work. In 1971, 373 Aboriginal men were found buried in unmarked graves on the island. Up until June 2018, the former prison was being used as holiday accommodation. 4093:"water". Unless living speakers of the original languages remained when systematic research of Indigenous languages began in the 1930s, the meaning of many place names was therefore lost, or is now open to several interpretations. The word " 7207:(2 revised edition, Redfern NSW 1988, page 41). Column three however, is calculated on the basis of the "Aboriginal Australia" map, published by Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS), Canberra 1994. 6083:

this high rate, but several probable causes or aggravating factors have been suggested by various researchers and stakeholders, including: dispossession of land and subsequent displacement of communities; childhood abuse experienced by the

18077:"Some individuals are close to the Oceanic cluster, composed of MEL and PAP individuals but most occupy a wide range on PC2 between Europeans and East Asians, generally falling in an area occupied by Central and South Asian populations." 6513: 2422: 968: 1929:. In the 19th century, smallpox was the principal cause of Aboriginal deaths, and vaccinations of the "native inhabitants" had begun in earnest by the 1840s. This smallpox epidemic in 1789 is estimated to have killed up to 90% of the 6588:, with Ken Wyatt as the inaugural officebearer. On 30 October 2019, Wyatt announced the commencement of a "co-design process" aimed at providing an Indigenous voice to Parliament. The Senior Advisory Group is co-chaired by Professor 5904:

There is a significant gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in educational attainment. This presents significant issues for employment. As of 2018, Indigenous students or adults, when compared with non-Indigenous peers:

3796:

Post 1967, Torres Strait Islanders were considered a separate Indigenous people. Prior to 1947, Torres Strait Islanders were considered to be Aboriginal in censuses. In the 1947 census, Torres Strait Islanders were considered to be

2898:

against the threat of Japanese invasion. However, most were denied pension rights and military allotments, except in Victoria, where each case was judged individually, without a blanket denial of rights accruing from their service.

2027:. Between 1860 and 1970, under the guise of protectionist policies, people, including children as young as 12, were forced to work on properties where they worked under horrific conditions and most did not receive any wages. In the 6130:

for civil and human rights violations. These movements utilize cooperative structures to advance land justice, emphasizing the importance of communal wealth and regenerative systems that are not extractive of people or the planet.

3243:

was established by the federal government to facilitate reconciliation. In 1998, a Constitutional Convention which selected a Republican model for a referendum included just six Indigenous participants, leading Monarchist delegate

2126:

There are few memorials in Australia acknowledging the widespread massacres of Aboriginal Peoples, and no memorials describing it as genocide. However, the massacres were often recorded by Australians as place names, for example:

19420: 16420:. Dhakiyarr is named "Tuckiar" in the proceedings and is referred to in the main judgment as "a completely uncivilised aboriginal native". The decision was unanimous and strongly criticised the conduct of the trial. Division 4AA. 12623: 3970:

Geographical distribution of the Queensland population self-identified as having Indigenous status (Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islanders or both) by State Suburbs (SSC), according to the 2016 census (uninhabited mesh blocks (MB)

980: 5024:

Australian cinema has a long history, and the ceremonies of Indigenous Australians were among the first subjects to be filmed in Australia – notably a film of Aboriginal dancers in Central Australia, shot by the anthropologist

3873:

migration; variation in census coverage and response rates; and people changing how they self-identify between census years. Another factor might be the children of mixed marriages: the proportion of Aboriginal adults married (

1949:, not smallpox, carried by members of the First Fleet, and to which the Aboriginal people also had no immunity. Moreover, Aboriginal people were infected with sexually transmitted infections, especially syphilis and gonorrhea. 992: 636:" was "taking on the 'colonisers' language and flipping it on its head". Contemporary Aboriginal arts are sometimes referred to as a "Blak" arts movement, reflected in names such as BlakDance, BlakLash Collective, the title of 20693: 13683: 20395: 17311: 932: 5974:

The Racial Discrimination Act was introduced in 1975, and the Anti-Discrimination Act, in 1977. Legal action alone cannot prevent all forms of racism, however, these Acts were put into law to place checks on the system.

1982:, and later placed on display. Campaigns continue to have Aboriginal body parts returned to Australia for burial; Truganini's body was returned in 1976 and cremated, and her ashes were scattered according to her wishes. 4693:

of people through the millennia of the individual and collective histories of Australian Indigenous peoples to the present day. Around 1950, the first research into Aboriginal music was undertaken by the anthropologist

3933:

The prevalent 1st response about ancestry of the Queensland people self-identified as having Indigenous status (Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islanders or both) in Statistical Areas 1 (SA1) with more than 5% of Indigenous

2031:

industry, Aboriginal peoples were bought for about 5 pounds, with pregnant Aboriginal women "prized because their lungs were believed to have greater air capacity". Aboriginal prisoners in the Aboriginal-only prison on

956: 5608:

has had a huge impact on the psyche, health and well-being of Indigenous Australians; it has seriously impacted not only the children removed and their parents, but their descendants as well. Not only were many of the

4009:

The prevalent religious affiliation of the people self-identified as having Indigenous status (Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islanders or both) in Statistical Areas 1 (SA1) with more than 5% of self-identified Indigenous

406:

of British settlers arrived on instructions to "live in amity and kindness" with the Aboriginal population. Nevertheless, a population collapse principally from disease followed European colonisation, beginning with a

6431:

featured the largest number of Indigenous candidates in Australian history, with four running for the Coalition, eleven for Labor, and seventeen for the Greens. The Greens Victorian senate ticket were all Aboriginal.

19538: 5632:

There are many issues facing Indigenous people in Australia today when compared with the non-Indigenous population, despite some improvements. Several of these are interrelated, and include health (including shorter

1869:

Australia was the exception to British imperial colonisation practices, in that no treaty was drawn up setting out terms of agreement between the settlers and native proprietors, as was the case in North America and

23761: 20391:. Dhakiyarr is named "Tuckiar" in the proceedings and is referred to in the main judgment as "a completely uncivilised aboriginal native". The decision was unanimous and strongly criticised the conduct of the trial. 14084:

Bowler, James M; Johnston, H; Olley, J M; Prescott, John R; Roberts, Richard G; Shawcross, Wilfred; Spooner, Nigel A (20 February 2003). "New ages for human occupation and climatic change at Lake Mungo, Australia".

2870:

by an Aboriginal Australian, and it succeeded. Dhakiyarr was found to have been wrongly convicted of the murder of a white policeman, for which he had been sentenced to death; the case focused national attention on

18137: 14810: 2164:

sent two bark petitions to the Australian government to protest the granting of mining rights on their lands. The Yirrkala Bark petitions were traditional Aboriginal documents to be recognised under Commonwealth

6746:

in New Zealand, no treaty has ever been concluded between Indigenous Australians and an Australian government. However, although there is still no move toward a treaty at federal level, it is contended that the

1445:

tubers, a native yam that is now almost extinct. However, the area that they were harvesting from was already cleared of other plants, making it easier to harvest Murnong (also known as yam daisy) exclusively.

1285:

about 32,000 years ago, with a rapid population expansion about 5,000 years ago. A 2011 genetic study found evidence that the Aboriginal, Papuan and Mamanwa peoples carry some of the alleles associated with the

20045: 18183: 4990: 21156: 6015:

and disconnection from land, the effects of their health and housing situations, their ability to access an economic base such as land and employment, their education, and the use of alcohol and other drugs.

5801:

remain major concerns, with the suicide rate being double that of the non-Indigenous population in 2015, and young people experiencing rising rates of mental health difficulties. There are high incidences of

2148:

celebrations by gathering for an "Aborigines Conference" in Sydney and marking the day as the "Day of Protest and Mourning"; the day is now often referred to as "Survival Day" or "Invasion Day" by Indigenous

2016:, whose role was to control the lives of Indigenous Australians. Wages were controlled by the Protectors, and Indigenous Australians received less income than their non-Indigenous counterparts in employment. 14406: 1874:. Many of the men on the First Fleet had had military experience among Native American tribes in North America, and tended to attribute to the Aboriginal people alien and misleading systems or concepts like 3958:

Geographical distribution of the Queensland population self-identified as having Indigenous status (Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islanders or both) by Local Government Areas (LGA), according to the 2016 census

12894: 6481:, revisited the idea of bringing a referendum to seek recognition of Indigenous Australians in the Constitution (his government having previously sought to include recognition of Indigenous peoples in the 5951:

reported that of the seven targets, only two – early childhood education and Year 12 attainment – had been met. Only Year 9 numeracy was on track in all states and territories, with variations among them.

3946:

Geographical distribution of the Queensland population self-identified as having Indigenous status (Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islanders or both) by Indigenous Locations (ILOC), according to the 2016 census

555:, reflecting on contemporary Aboriginal culture. Use of this term varies depending on context and its use needs care as it may be deemed inappropriate. The term "Black" has sometimes caused confusion with 13047: 7566: 7564: 1233:. Phylogenetic data suggests that an early initial eastern non-African (ENA) or East-Eurasian meta-population trifurcated, and gave rise to Australasians (Oceanians), the Ancient Ancestral South Indians, 23912: 17627: 3996:

Geographical distribution of the population self-identified as having Indigenous status (Torres Strait Islanders only) and spoken at home on one of Indigenous Australian languages by Statistical Areas 1

3823:

includes counts based on questions relating to individuals' self-identification as Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander, or of both origins. Owing to various difficulties which lead to under-counting, the

3354:

for essential goods purchasing; dispatched additional police and medical personnel to the region; and suspended the permit system for access to Aboriginal communities. In addition to these measures, the

3983:

The languages most often spoken at home by people self-identified as having Indigenous status (Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islanders or both) in Statistical Areas 1 (SA1) with more than 5% of Indigenous

23877: 12624:"3238.0.55.001 – Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, June 2016: Technical Note 1 Estimated Resident Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Population – Method of Calculation" 1361:

and New Guinea to mainland Australia about 70,000 years ago, as of 2020 evidence of human settlement in the Torres Strait has only been uncovered by archaeologists dating back to about 2500 years ago.

339:

or the person's specific cultural group, is often preferred, though the terms First Nations of Australia, First Peoples of Australia and First Australians are also increasingly common. Since 1995, the

6435:

As of 2023, Indigenous Australians members of the senate represent 10.5% of the 76 Senate seats, and 1.9% in the House. The total representation is at 4.8%, far above the national population of 3.3%.

1265:

people, McEvoy et al 2010 believed there is also another component that could indicate Ancient Ancestral South Indian admixture or more recent European influence. Research indicates a single founding

13455:"United Nations Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people, James Anaya: Observations on the Northern Territory Emergency Response in Australia" 5716:

cross-system priorities, which "addresses racism, discrimination and social inclusion, healing and trauma, and the promotion of culture and language for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples"

2108:

recent research indicates at least 40,000 Aboriginal dead and 2,000 to 2,500 settlers dead. Other research indicates a minimum of 65,000 Aboriginal peoples may have been killed in Queensland alone.

877:

The Torres Strait Islander people possess a heritage and cultural history distinct from Aboriginal traditions. The eastern Torres Strait Islanders in particular are related to the Papuan peoples of

390:. It is now estimated that all but 13 remaining Indigenous languages are considered endangered. Aboriginal people today mostly speak English, with Aboriginal phrases and words being added to create 24544: 19384: 21045: 24923: 3748: 21303:

Carlhoff, Selina; Duli, Akin; Nägele, Kathrin; Nur, Muhammad; Skov, Laurits; Sumantri, Iwan; Oktaviana, Adhi Agus; Hakim, Budianto; Burhan, Basran; Syahdar, Fardi Ali; McGahan, David P. (2021).

14785: 16943: 3055:, which recognised Aboriginal Australians' system of land rights in the Northern Territory, and established the basis upon which Aboriginal people in the NT could claim rights to land based on 1770:

elder presented Cook with a broken-tipped spear as a peace offering – remembered as a first "act of reconciliation". The encounter is commemorated annually by the Guugu Yimithirr to this day.

25779: 4340:

were involved in the placement of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children after they were removed from their parents upon orders of the government, and are therefore implicated in the

4056:

died in the late 1960s; using recordings and written records as a guide, a Ngarrindjeri dictionary was published in 2009, and the Ngarrindjeri language is today spoken in complete sentences.

3909:

Geographical distribution of the population self-identified as having both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Indigenous status by Indigenous Locations (ILOC), according to the 2016 census

6815: 4022:

Geographical distribution of the Queensland population self-identified as having Indigenous status (Torres Strait Islanders only) by Indigenous Locations (ILOC), according to the 2016 census

2104:

blow, the survivors were left very vulnerable – with reduced ability to gather food, reproduce, or fulfill their ceremonial obligations, as well as defend themselves against further attack.

25039: 24196: 20672: 17940: 16707: 16465: 14789: 13379: 7047: 14876: 12866: 4514:. Evidence of Aboriginal art can be traced back at least 30,000 years, with examples of ancient rock art throughout the continent. Some of these are in national parks such as those of the 23917: 23776: 4215:" or "the Dreamtime" stretches back into the distant past when the creator ancestors known as the First Peoples travelled across the land, and naming as they went. Indigenous Australia's 19428: 16600: 5879:, reported that the number of people sniffing petrol in the 25 communities studied had declined by 95.2%, from 453 to just 22, related to the distribution of a new, low aromatic petrol, 19037: 6707:) is now Aboriginal-owned. In the last decade, nearly 200 native title claims covering 1.3 million km of land – approximately 18% of the Australian continent – have been approved. 5886:

The 2018 UQ study also reported that alcohol and cannabis were the drugs causing most concern. Ice was reported present in 8 of the 25 communities, but nearly all only occasional use.

13691: 12703: 7691: 5308: 20721: 6851:

During the twentieth century, as social attitudes shifted and interest in Indigenous culture increased, there were more opportunities for Indigenous Australians to gain recognition.

23927: 23872: 5625:– after being removed and while living in group homes or adoptive families, but were also deprived of their culture alongside their families. This has resulted in the disruption of 2458: 920: 3849:

showed growth in the Indigenous population (recorded as 517,000) at twice the rate of overall population growth since 1996, when the Indigenous population stood at 283,000. In the

3270:

The republican model, as well as a proposal for a new Constitutional preamble which would have included the "honouring" of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, was put to

3221:

During this period, the federal government enacted a number of significant, but controversial, policy initiatives in relation to Indigenous Australians. A representative body, the

2111:

There have been arguments over whether deaths of Aboriginal peoples, particularly in Tasmania, as well as the forcible removal of children from Aboriginal communities, constitutes

394:(which also has a tangible influence of Indigenous languages in the phonology and grammatical structure). Around three quarters of Australian place names are of Aboriginal origin. 354:

The time of arrival of the first human beings in Australia is a matter of debate and ongoing investigation. The earliest conclusively human remains found in Australia are those of

23887: 23867: 23622: 22315: 12976: 1326:– has only been found in living humans today amongst Aboriginal Australians. 27% of them may carry K2* and approximately 29% of Aboriginal Australian males belong to subclades of 15334: 2004:

Throughout most of the 19th and 20th centuries, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people had their lives under the jurisdiction of various state-based protection laws. These

24539: 23806: 20738: 16011: 3819:

As there is no formal procedure for any community to record acceptance, the primary method of determining Indigenous population is from self-identification on census forms. The

20668: 13727: 2883:

and Protest at an Aboriginal meeting in Sydney, and has since become marked around Australia as "Invasion Day" or "Survival Day" by Aboriginal protesters and their supporters.

1941:

and nearby islands may have introduced smallpox to Australia before the arrival of Europeans. A third suggestion is that the outbreak was caused by contact with members of the

24191: 23907: 23862: 20931:

Includes concise summary of referendum, plus detailed section on Legislative Background, starting with the 1891 National Australasian Convention. Tabs to other pages include:

20516: 16028: 3734: 21554:

Aboriginal suicide is different: Aboriginal youth suicide in New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and New Zealand: towards a model of explanation and alleviation

20132: 19102: 17134: 13372: 1489:

was well-developed, and fibre nets, baskets, and bags were used for fishing, hunting, and carrying liquids. Trade networks spanned the continent, and transportation included

24745: 23882: 19542: 14474:

Clarkson, Chris; Jacobs, Zenobia; Marwick, Ben; Fullagar, Richard; Wallis, Lynley; et al. (19 July 2017). "Human occupation of northern Australia by 65,000 years ago".

6232: 3788:, which was repealed in 1967, had excluded "aboriginal natives" from being counted in the overall population statistics for each state and territory and nationally with the 2805:. The forcible removal of these children occurred in the period between approximately 1871 and 1969, although, in some places, children were still being taken in the 1970s. 21697: 17710: 16635: 15831:

Gregory J. Adcock; Elizabeth S. Dennis; Simon Easteal; Gavin A. Huttley; Lars S. Jermiin; W. James Peacock; Alan Thorne. "Lake Mungo 3: A response to recent critiques". In

12771: 4259:

areas of Central Australia) were highly respected men and women who not only acted as healers or doctors, but were generally also custodians of important Dreaming stories.

15795:]; G. A. Huttley; L. S. Jermiin; W. J. Peacock; A. Thorne. "Mitochondrial DNA sequences in ancient Australians: Implications for modern human origins. (Abstract)". In 15646: 13454: 7032: 12659: 24549: 21079: 18145: 16779: 12847: 12827: 1773:

Cook's favourable impression of the East Coast of Australia led directly to the commencement of the British colonisation of Australia, commencing at Sydney in 1788. The

1269:

group with subsequent isolation between regional populations which were relatively unaffected by later migrations from the Asian mainland, which may have introduced the

12727: 18818:

Olley, J. M.; Roberts, R. G.; Yoshida, H.; Bowler, J. M. (2006). "Single-grain optical dating of grave-infill associated with human burials at Lake Mungo, Australia".

3921:

Geographical distribution of the population self-identified as having Indigenous status (Aboriginals only) by Indigenous Locations (ILOC), according to the 2016 census

2307: 16302: 15034:

David, Bruno; McNiven, Ian; Mitchell, Rod; Orr, Meredith; Haberle, Simon; et al. (July 2004). "Badu 15 and the Papuan-Austronesian settlement of Torres Strait".

1162:

as far back as 60,000 years BP. Evidence of fires in South-West Victoria suggest "human presence in Australia 120,000 years ago", although more research is required.

25640: 25328: 21148: 20883:

ENGAGING – a Guide to Interacting Respectfully and Reciprocally with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People, and their Arts Practices and Intellectual Property

20431: 19936: 19871:

Living on saltwater country: review of literature about Aboriginal rights, use, management and interests in northern Australian marine environments: background paper

12567: 1143:

It is generally believed that Aboriginal people are the descendants of a single migration into the continent, a people that split from the ancestors of East Asians.

16124: 6114:

commitments", in addition to other funding already committed to the states and NT under the National Partnership on Family, Domestic and Sexual Violence Responses.

3639:

could not because they were Aboriginal. He then walked to the next town where he was arrested for being an Aboriginal vagrant and sent to the reserve there. During

3382:, which is intended to address key issues that exist within Aboriginal communities of the Northern Territory such as unemployment, school attendance and enrolment, 2957:

students organised a bus tour of western and coastal New South Wales towns in 1965 to raise awareness of the state of Aboriginal health and living conditions. This

23771: 16322: 12874: 12683: 7250: 7232: 7228: 7224: 7220: 6489:). His announcement was seen by some as a surprising adoption of the importance of the symbolic aspects of the reconciliation process, and reaction was mixed. The 3720: 944: 20033: 18498: 16723: 14363: 23922: 19957: 19349: 14553: 13862:"Radiocarbon analysis of the early archaeological site of Nauwalabila I, Arnhem Land, Australia: implications for sample suitability and stratigraphic integrity" 13051: 2332: 567:

is an Australian news and current affairs program covering "issues affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians". It is presented and produced by

19639: 4852:(1872–1967), known as the first Aboriginal author, is credited for providing the first accounts of Aboriginal mythology written by an Aboriginal person, in his 846:) who died in 1876, was, and still is, widely believed to be the last of the "full-blooded" Tasmanian Aboriginal people. However, in 1889 Parliament recognised 24717: 23816: 18421: 16955:

Kayser, M; Brauer, Silke; Weiss, Gunter; Schiefenhövel, Wulf; Underhill, Peter; Shen, Peidong; Oefner, Peter; Tommaseo-Ponzetta, Mila; Stoneking, Mark (2003).

14989: 14972: 2371: 2180:. The Tent Embassy was given heritage status in 1995, and celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2012, making it the longest, unanswered protest camp in the world. 1117:, a rock shelter in northern Australia, indicates human activity at 65,000 years BP. Genetic studies appear to support an arrival date of 50–70,000 years ago. 12568:"2077.0 – Census of Population and Housing: Understanding the Increase in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Counts, 2016: Changing Propensity to Identify" 7599: 6462:

Major political parties in Australia have tried to increase Indigenous representation within their parties. One suggestion for achieving this is to introduce

3706: 3359:

were released into communities and there were increased police powers, which were later further increased with the so-called "paperless arrests" legislation.

25011: 24966: 23791: 23781: 16539:

Hudjashov, G.; Kivisild, T.; Underhill, P. A.; Endicott, P.; Sanchez, J. J.; Lin, A. A.; Shen, P.; Oefner, P.; Renfrew, C.; Villems, R.; Forster, P. (2007).

7327:

On 1 July 2019 the Indigenous Affairs portfolio was moved through a Machinery of Government change to form the National Indigenous Australians Agency (NIAA).

5465: 3263:

report – estimated that around 10% to 33% of all Aboriginal children had been separated from their families for the duration of the policies. The succeeding

3286:

naming mistreatment of Indigenous Australians as the most "blemished chapter in our national history", although Howard refused to offer any formal apology.

25519: 23892: 22332: 15056: 15022: 14593: 13578: 5739:), and cultural disconnection can impact both physical and mental health, and contemporary disadvantage is related to colonisation and its ongoing impact. 3051: 2488: 2468: 19392: 3239:

Reconciliation between non-Indigenous and Indigenous Australians became a significant issue in Australian politics in the late 20th century. In 1991, the

24981: 19323:"Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution: Report of the Expert Panel [Commentary and Recommendations only]" 16863: 16518: 15722:

Foley, Dennis (2007). "Leadership: the quandary of Aboriginal societies in crises, 1788 – 1830, and 1966". In Macfarlane, Ingereth; Hannah, Mark (eds.).

15009: 12787: 12455: 12443: 3407:. The panel's recommendations, reported to the federal government in January 2012, included deletion of provisions of the Constitution referencing race ( 2376: 2352: 17332: 17049: 15822:

D. J. Colgan. "Commentary on G.J. Adconck, et al., 2001 "Mitochondrial DNA sequences in ancient Australians: implications for modern human origins". In

14793: 6759:

in 2016 constitutes a treaty, and at the state and territory levels there are currently (early 2018) other negotiations and preparatory legislation. In

6404:

Forty people identifying as being of Indigenous Australian ancestry have been members of the ten Australian legislatures. Of these, 22 have been in the

25069: 20854: 20841: 13245: 6666: 6455:

disbanded ATSIC and replaced it and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Services (ATSIS) Regional and State Offices with an appointed network of

6027:. Indigenous women are highly over-represented in this figure, accounting for a higher proportion of assault victims than the non-Indigenous category. 3416: 2407: 2282: 21494: 16999: 13707: 12592:"2077.0 – Census of Population and Housing: Understanding the Increase in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Counts, 2016: Summary of Key Findings" 4300:

situations, the churches both facilitated the loss of Indigenous culture and religion and also facilitated its maintenance. In some cases, such as at

1700:

The Torres Strait peoples' fishing economy relied on boats, which they built themselves. There is also evidence of the construction of large, complex

1241:, although Papuans may have also received some geneflow from an earlier group (xOOA) as well, around 2%, next to additional archaic admixture in the 707:

Aboriginal peoples of Australia are the various peoples indigenous to mainland Australia and associated islands, excluding the Torres Strait Islands.

25059: 18670: 18563: 18461:

Nagle, N; Ballantyne, KN; van Oven, M; Tyler-Smith, C; Xue, Y; et al. (2015). "Antiquity and diversity of aboriginal Australian Y-chromosomes".

7052: 6536:. After six months of consultation, the First Nations National Constitutional Convention met over four days from 23 to 26 May 2017, and ratified the 18242: 15450: 13031: 3267:

largely ignored the recommendations provided by the report, one of which was a formal apology to Aboriginal Australians for the Stolen Generations.

25415: 25019: 24750: 24662: 21054: 6626: 6614: 6444: 3222: 1074: 19721: 17020: 16282: 2961:

also aimed to highlight the social discrimination faced by Aboriginal people and encourage Aboriginal people themselves to resist discrimination.

24913: 24735: 23511: 22213: 21412: 18798: 17574: 15259: 14947: 12956: 12539: 6662: 4171:, or Torres Strait Creole, the third language, is a non-typical Pacific English Creole and is the main language of communication on the islands. 3412: 3013: 2498: 2417: 1745:

in 1688 and 1699. Dampier was impressed neither by the country nor the people of the west Australian coast. Almost a century later, the explorer

21269: 20273: 20066: 19410: 19368: 17478: 16067: 4860:(1920–1995) was a famous Aboriginal poet, writer and rights activist, credited with publishing the first book of verse by an Aboriginal author, 4097:" was chosen for the national capital. It is popularly believed to mean "meeting place", but this is contested. According to the anthropologist 659: 25556: 24428: 17495: 16926: 16240: 14573: 7088: 6716:, the High Court of Australia recognised native title in Australia for the first time. The majority in the High Court rejected the doctrine of 6654: 6061: 3613:. From 1869 until well into the 1970s, children under 12 years of age with 25% or less Aboriginal blood were considered "white" and were often 3333: 3016:

of the Constitution, and for Aboriginal people to be included when the country does a count to determine electoral representation by repealing

2891: 2528: 2412: 18595: 18304: 16703: 16180: 6828:

After the arrival of European settlers in New South Wales, some Indigenous Australians became translators and go-betweens; the best-known was

5943:

report, Indigenous students in higher education award courses more than doubled in number over the decade from 2006 (9,329) to 2017 (19,237).

3350:

among Aboriginal communities in the NT. The government banned alcohol in prescribed communities in the Territory; quarantined a percentage of

1862:, although that settlement failed after a few years, along with a couple of later attempts; permanent settlement was only finally achieved at 292:

are people with familial heritage from, and/or recognised membership of, the various ethnic groups living within the territory of present day

25633: 25316: 25044: 22218: 19747: 19602: 19029: 18695: 18395: 15437:. The Australian Historical Association 33rd Annual Conference. Conflict in History. Fullarton, SA: sapro Conference Management. p. 28. 14269: 12639: 6974: 6646: 5103: 4287: 3386:, community safety and child protection, food security and housing and land reforms. The policy has been criticised by organisations such as 20650:

Bringing them home: Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from their Families

20596: 19796: 18658: 17931: 15935: 15125: 13067: 12711: 2317: 25486: 24883: 24760: 22713: 22483: 20753: 20078: 17159: 12487: 6242: 6060:

said that the 2005–2006 ABS statistics did not appear to support the "allegations of endemic child abuse... that was the rationale for the

5707: 4886:

by Indigenous poets, including traditional song-poetry – ranging from sacred to everyday – has been published since the late 20th century.

4709:, which is widely thought to be a stereotypical instrument of Aboriginal people, was traditionally played by Aboriginal men of the eastern 4690: 4205: 3314: 3294: 3248:

to end his contribution to the convention with his Jagera tribal "Sorry Chant" in sadness at the low number of Indigenous representatives.

2513: 2493: 1753:. Cook was impressed both by the land and the people whom he encountered, writing in his journal: "From what I have said of the Natives of 255: 20808: 19302: 19272: 18752: 18162: 15314: 15229:

Dunbar-Hall, P.; Gibson, C. (2000). "Singing about nations within nations: Geopolitics and identity in Australian indigenous rock music".

12519: 3784:

Indigenous Australians have been counted in every census albeit only approximately and using inconsistent definitions. Section 127 of the

25442: 24002: 21050:

NOTE: Updates to 798,400 people, or 3.3% of the population, includes reasons for 19% increase in the population estimate on 30 June 2011.

19973:

Spooner, P. G.; Firman, M.; Yalmambirra (2013). "Origins of Travelling Stock Routes. 1. Connections to Indigenous traditional pathways".

17212: 16615: 16362: 13839: 12984: 6883:, have combined Indigenous musical styles and instruments with pop/rock, gaining appreciation amongst non-Indigenous audiences. Polymath 5015: 3408: 2931: 2766: 2065: 412: 18872: 18163:"First Words: A Brief History of Public Debate on a New Preamble to the Australian Constitution 1991–1999 (Research Paper 16 1999–2000)" 17538: 17062: 13515: 3164:

became the first Indigenous Australian to captain his country in any sport when he first led the Australian National Rugby League team,

2841: 25551: 25363: 25151: 25136: 24755: 24692: 21739: 20814: 19784: 19697: 19109: 18117: 17292: 16743: 15479: 14307: 14149: 14025: 10177: 7098: 6000: 5683:

since July 2019, aims to address multiple areas to improve the lives of Indigenous peoples. Draft targets for 2019 were created by the

5562: 3017: 2342: 1298:

in high frequencies with peak estimates ranging from 60.2% to 68.7%. In addition, the basal form K2* (K-M526) of the extremely ancient

1222: 21403:

Reyes-Centeno, Hugo; Ghirotto, Silvia; Détroit, Florent; Grimaud-Hervé, Dominique; Barbujani, Guido; Harvati, Katerina (20 May 2014).

20325: 19169: 17453: 17109: 15871: 13731: 12607: 11861: 7067: 6528:

In December 2015, the 16-member Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Referendum Council was jointly appointed by the Prime Minister,

6077: 1885:

British administrative control began in the Torres Strait Islands in 1862, with the appointment of John Jardine, police magistrate at

25708: 25054: 24961: 24697: 23662: 21986: 20676: 18575: 17172: 16851: 16403: 13608: 11836: 7461: 6895: 6228: 6011:

Explanations given for this over-representation include the economic position of Indigenous Australians, the knock-on effects of the

5956: 5742:

Successive censuses have shown, that (after adjusting for demographic structures) Indigenous Australians experience greater rates of

5011: 4760: 4139:, two indigenous languages and an English-based creole. The indigenous language spoken mainly in the western and central islands is 3645: 3434: 1140:

remains. Independent DNA testing is unlikely as the Indigenous custodians are not expected to allow further invasive investigations.

889:

Islanders. A further 4% of Indigenous Australians identify themselves as having both Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal heritage.

698: 20415: 19869: 16038: 15473: 14449:. Bringing them Home (Report). Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Report. Australian Human Rights Commission. April 1997. 12914: 12704:"4102.0 – Australian Social Trends, 2005: Crime and Justice: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: Contact with the Law ABS" 7138:

Rhys Jones: 3,000–5,000, N. J. B. Plomley: 4,000–6,000, Henry Reynolds: 5,000–7,000, Colin Pardoe: 12,000+ and David Davies: 15,000.

4874:(1987) was considered a breakthrough memoir in terms of bringing Indigenous stories to a wider audience. The talents of playwrights 474:' has been in the English language since at least the 16th century to mean "first or earliest known, indigenous". It comes from the 419:

involving European settlers also contributed to depopulation. From the 19th to the mid-20th century, government policy removed many

25774: 25626: 25561: 25514: 25170: 24679: 24579: 23627: 20136: 19082: 17606: 17142: 16326: 13393: 11622: 6824:

footage and interviews of Australians celebrating Freeman's Olympics win – many noting how it brought the country together "as one"

6424:, the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly was also the first Australian parliament to have an Indigenous member elected to it. 6421: 6417: 6339: 6246: 3001: 2322: 20947: 20411: 19062: 18263: 14455: 14133: 13326:

Aghakhanian, Farhang; Yunus, Yushima; Naidu, Rakesh; Jinam, Timothy; Manica, Andrea; Hoh, Boon Peng; Phipps, Maude E. (May 2015).

12556:"2077.0 – Census of Population and Housing: Understanding the Increase in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Counts, 2006–2011" 6521:

of Indigenous Australians on or before the federal election due for 2013. The plan was abandoned in September 2012, with Minister

4113:

Cross-cultural miscommunication can sometimes occur between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. According to Michael Walsh and

1517:

in what is now South Australia, stone shelters in what is now western Victoria, and a multi-room pole and bark structure found in

1469:

Technology used by Indigenous Australian societies before European contact included weapons, tools, shelters, watercraft, and the

974:

Ancestry of population in localities with significant share of Torres Strait islander population (Torres Strait Islander or other)

25607: 25498: 25454: 25074: 24873: 24740: 24400: 23733: 23483: 18848: 18453: 17701: 16883: 16791: 16643: 13635: 12763: 6966:, today loom large in national debates. Some Indigenous people who initially became famous in other spheres – for instance, poet 6405: 6386: 2538: 2287: 21465: 20935: 20229: 18202:

McNiven, Ian (2004). "Saltwater People: spiritscapes, maritime rituals and the archaeology of Australian indigenous seascapes".

15699: 15653: 15516: 4510:

Australia has a tradition of Aboriginal art which is thousands of years old, the best known forms being Australian rock art and

25291: 24808: 23440: 23381: 22260: 22070: 21878: 21792: 21597: 21222: 21165: 20882: 17602: 17514:

Lockwood, Christine (2017). "4. Early encounters on the Adelaide Plains and Encounter Bay". In Brock, Peggy; Gara, Tom (eds.).

16659: 15392:

The non-Pama-Nyungan languages of northern Australia: comparative studies of the continent's most linguistically complex region

14627: 12807: 12667: 6192: 5876: 5680: 4956: 2887: 2337: 21090: 21013: 16763: 16444: 16342: 15754: 13405: 12540:"2071.0 – Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia – Stories from the Census, 2016: Religion in Australia, 2016" 12423: 5063:

was a British film set in Australia; it was a forerunner to many Australian films related to indigenous themes and introduced

4741:

is a generic word to explain different genres of performance, embracing songs, dances, rallies and meetings of various kinds.

2140:

There has always been Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander resistance, from the arrival of colonists through to the present.

1978:, a Tasmanian Aboriginal who died in 1876, was exhumed within two years of her death despite her pleas to the contrary by the 24765: 24618: 24150: 24034: 22156: 21996: 21232: 20822: 20629: 20314: 20246: 20218: 20144:

Taufik, Leonard; Teixeira, João C.; Llamas, Bastien; Sudoyo, Herawati; Tobler, Raymond; Purnomo, Gludhug A. (December 2022).

20055: 20013: 19994: 19925: 19892: 19882: 19674: 19285: 19010: 17976: 17381: 16161: 15996: 15966: 15900: 15852: 15735: 15569: 15487: 15418: 15399: 15174: 15164: 15100: 14606: 14396: 14317: 14241: 14074: 13489: 12942: 5286:(2019), all made by Aboriginal film-makers and featuring Aboriginal themes, were well-received and in some cases won awards. 5069: 4380:

spread throughout the Torres Strait Islands, and it remains strong today among Torres Strait Islander people everywhere. The

4064: 3240: 2696: 2615: 2603: 2573: 2478: 765:); Goorie (variant pronunciation and spelling of Koori) in South East Queensland and some parts of northern New South Wales; 14688: 14329:"The Moyjil site, south-west Victoria, Australia: fire and environment in a 120,000-year coastal midden — nature or people?" 13499: 8978: 6106:

As the federal government, upon being urged by experts to create the means to halt the violence in 2021, announced an extra

4401:

In the 2016 Census, Australia's Indigenous and non-Indigenous population were broadly similar with 54% (vs 55%) reporting a

2043:

The successive breeding out of "colour" in the Aboriginal population as part of assimilation policies, demonstrated here in

25306: 24986: 24655: 24276: 24125: 22272: 21812: 21807: 21802: 18036:

McEvoy, B. P.; Lind, J. M.; Wang, E. T.; Moyzis, R. K.; Visscher, P. M.; Van Holst Pellekaan, S. M.; Wilton, A. N. (2010).

17768:

Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo; Westaway, Michael C.; Muller, Craig; Sousa, Vitor C.; Lao, Oscar; et al. (21 September 2016).

16683: 16306: 15631: 12992: 7083: 6764: 6359: 4046: 3165: 2711: 2327: 1933:. The cause of the outbreak is disputed. Some scholars have attributed it to European settlers, but it is also argued that 998:

Religious affiliations of Torres Strait islanders in localities with significant share of Torres Strait islander population

986:

Languages used at home by Torres Strait Islanders in localities with significant share of Torres Strait islander population

613: 534:

The term "Black" has been used to refer to Aboriginal Australians since European colonisation. While originally related to

297: 19185: 14964: 13423:

The journey of the Saltwater people of the Gold Coast as documented by photographer David Kelly and narrated by Ben Allmon

7182:

Neil Thomson argues that the likely aboriginal population of Australia in 1788 was around 750,000 or even over a million (

3117:

was appointed as the 28th Governor of South Australia, the first Aboriginal person appointed to vice-regal office. In the

25738: 25534: 22659: 22603: 22498: 22004: 21838: 21752: 21702: 21542: 21251: 20657: 20546: 20257: 19499: 19473: 18991: 18972: 18802: 18699: 18647: 17995: 17527: 17232: 17099: 17070: 16811: 16619: 15712: 15688: 15583: 15528: 15304: 14865: 14747: 14727: 14053: 13925: 13265:

Adcock, G. J.; Dennis, E. S.; Easteal, S.; Huttley, G. A.; Jermiin, L. S.; Peacock, W. J.; Thorne, A. (16 January 2001).

13189: 7042: 7027: 6821: 6686: 6577: 6486: 6347: 6312: 5574: 3271: 3173: 3146: 3130: 2997:, has established a number of schemes to give any earned income not received at the time back to Indigenous Australians. 2943: 2259: 2177: 2096: 21405:"Genomic and cranial phenotype data support multiple modern human dispersals from Africa and a southern route into Asia" 19444: 15579: 15275: 14635: 13747: 12687: 2886:

Hundreds of Indigenous Australians served in the Australian armed forces during World War Two – including with the

2863:

Despite efforts to bar their enlistment, over 1,000 Indigenous Australians fought for Australia in the First World War.

804:

Throughout the history of the continent, there have been many different Aboriginal groups, each with its own individual

25353: 25273: 25034: 24898: 23006: 22666: 21797: 21777: 21601: 21152: 20037: 19148: 18775: 18718: 18505: 16727: 16639: 15457: 14557: 14367: 14153: 7037: 6888: 6752: 6207: 6053: 4829:

There was no written form of the many languages spoken by Indigenous peoples before colonisation. A letter to Governor

3766: 2986: 1319: 1238: 20914: 16111: 13860:

Bird, M.I.; Turney, C.S.M.; Fifield, L.K.; Jones, R.; Ayliffe, L.K.; Palmer, A.; Cresswell, R.; Robertson, S. (2002).

4268: 4179: 2039: 1015:

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people also sometimes refer to themselves by descriptions which relate to their

25420: 25253: 25223: 24818: 23667: 23526: 22208: 22109: 22009: 21929: 21863: 21505: 19768: 6593: 5684: 5357:

traditional football games being played. Perhaps the most documented is a game popularly played by tribes in western

3622: 3038: 2920: 2794: 2588: 2312: 1901:

and some other islands in Torres Strait within 60 miles (97 km) of the Queensland coast, and in 1879 Queensland

1804: 1154:

Some evidence from the analysis of charcoal and artefacts revealing human use suggests a date as early as 65,000 BP.

1056: 711:

occurred in the generations after colonisation. The word "community" is often used to describe groups identifying by

702: 18633: 18428: 17586: 15521:

Journeys into the rainforest: Archaeology of culture change and continuity on the Evelyn Tableland, North Queensland

13819: 5421:, and many Aboriginal people, from children in remote communities to professional players at the highest level, the 5165:

language group, with the main version featuring subtitles and English narration by David Gulpilil. The film won the

25590: 25524: 25213: 25103: 25049: 24853: 24798: 24584: 24443: 23401: 23001: 22974: 22706: 21936: 21873: 21858: 20297: 19063:

Longitudinal research into petrol sniffing and other substance abuse trends in Indigenous communities: final report

17352: 16201: 15137: 13430: 13387: 13213: 12663: 6690: 6658: 6474: 6428: 6300: 5993: 5713:

land and water, "where Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' land, water and cultural rights are realised"

5642: 4788: 4301: 3857:, there was another 18.4% rise on the 2011 figure. 590,056 respondents identified themselves as Aboriginal, 32,345 3428:

was released 26 May 2017 by delegates to an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Referendum Convention, held near

3134: 3118: 2978: 2691: 2234: 1486: 21131: 20961: 20034:"A statistical overview of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia: Social Justice Report 2008" 19120: 13539:"Excluding Indigenous Australians from 'The People': A Reconsideration of Sections 25 and 127 of the Constitution" 13165: 6832:, who eventually adopted European dress and customs and travelled to England where he was reportedly presented to 5909:

Have a lower school attendance rate, with these rates at 82% and 93% respectively (in remote areas, as low as 63%)

2168:

On Australia Day in 1972, 34 years after the first "Day of Protest and Mourning", Indigenous activists set up the

1248: 834:

approximately 40,000 years ago via a land bridge between the island and the rest of mainland Australia during the

25372: 25281: 24933: 24783: 24727: 24648: 24301: 24110: 22921: 22377: 22176: 22166: 22102: 21843: 21817: 21572: 21553: 19615: 19484: 19152: 17315: 17192: 16840: 15619: 15538: 15358: 15338: 14707: 14410: 13612: 12898: 12831: 12811: 12791: 12767: 12731: 12707: 12643: 12575: 12559: 12555: 12523: 12471: 12459: 12447: 7418: 6784: 6456: 5555: 4775: 4531: 4042: 3825: 3160:

became the world number-one ranked tennis player in 1971 and won 14 Grand Slam titles during her career. In 1973

3075: 2927:

and artists became increasingly prominent in Australian cultural life during the second half of the 20th century.

2835: 2759: 1541: 805: 505: 387: 219: 21609: 20624:. Northern Territory Government. Board of Inquiry into the Protection of Aboriginal Children from Sexual Abuse. 20475: 18714: 18288: 14612: 13589: 13461: 6249:

that Indigenous Australians were counted in the population for the purposes of distribution of electoral seats.

5861:

has been a problem, but the rate of pregnant women drinking had halved between 2008 and 2015 (from 20% to 10%).

4955:

project provides a comprehensive listing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Writers and Storytellers. The

25733: 25703: 25693: 25600: 25584: 25529: 25001: 23839: 23796: 23677: 23063: 22722: 22463: 22362: 22082: 22060: 21966: 21772: 21732: 18863: 18006: 13229: 8990: 7701: 6567: 6538: 6224: 6157: 6100: 5726: 5570: 4130: 3837: 3813: 3789: 3596: 3424: 3106: 2731: 2656: 2651: 2598: 2453: 2173: 716: 529: 25338: 18358: 16867: 16482:"'Willing to fight to a man': The First World War and Aboriginal activism in the Western District of Victoria" 13642: 13123: 12828:"4714.0 – National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey, 2014–15: Labour Force Characteristics" 5967:

Compared to the national average, Indigenous people experience high unemployment and poverty rates. As of the

5320: 4615:

Since the 1970s, Indigenous artists have employed the use of acrylic paints – with styles such as that of the

25723: 25311: 25029: 24946: 24893: 24843: 24775: 24594: 23952: 23695: 23637: 23617: 23589: 23546: 22613: 22530: 22406: 22255: 22248: 22119: 22065: 21868: 21848: 21206: 20576: 20299:

Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names

19421:"Research into petrol sniffing and other substance trends use trends in Indigenous communities: final report" 19385:"Report of the Expert Panel on recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution" 17718:

Madley, B. (2012). "From Terror to Genocide: Britain's Tasmanian Penal Colony and Australia's History Wars".

12467: 6923: 6732: 6696: 6320: 6031: 5663:

The Indigenous population of Australia is much younger than the non-Indigenous population, with an estimated

4710: 4654: 4650: 4623: 4489: 4446: 4415: 4385: 4365: 4245: 4038: 3009: 2721: 2716: 2701: 2676: 2302: 1894: 1323: 712: 391: 208: 22898: 21284: 21149:"Failure to close the gap in healthcare puts Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people at increased risk" 20862: 19560:"Closing the gap: Competing estimates of Indigenous Australian life expectancy in the scientific literature" 19128: 18504:(Report). Publications Number: 11814. Australian Government. Department of Health. June 2017. Archived from 13249: 6327:

became the second Indigenous person, and the first woman, to serve in the federal House of Representatives.

3415:), and new provisions on meaningful recognition and further protection from discrimination. Subsequently, a 808:, culture, and belief structure. At the time of British settlement, there were over 200 distinct languages. 25678: 25089: 24554: 24534: 24506: 24463: 23947: 23556: 23109: 22598: 22392: 22129: 22092: 21971: 21961: 21833: 21511: 20600: 19372: 19303:"Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution: Report of the Expert Panel" 18440: 18405: 17003: 16461: 13711: 13687: 13035: 12640:"3302.0.55.003 – Experimental Life Tables for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2005–2007" 11623:"The Racial Discrimination Act 1975 and the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977: Aspects and Proposals for Change" 7022: 6463: 5864: 5477: 4256: 3644:

he could no longer visit his relatives as he was not an Aborigine. He was later told he could not join the

3351: 2994: 2686: 2681: 2671: 2666: 165: 19061:

d'Abbs, Peter; Gillick, Vicki; Hodson, Sally; Kavanagh, Maggie; Payne, Steve; Ray, Tristan (1 July 2019).

18678: 15507: 4361: 1956:

Some Europeans, for example escaped convicts, lived in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities.

25566: 25405: 25296: 25141: 25079: 25064: 24951: 24836: 24823: 24630: 24473: 24393: 23902: 23726: 23657: 23612: 23476: 23073: 23048: 22699: 22367: 22325: 22320: 22267: 22014: 21981: 21909: 21033: 19407:

Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution: Report of the Expert Panel

18254: 17519: 13901: 13039: 13025: 6880: 6211: 6162: 5331: 5208:

Many Indigenous actors, directors, producers and others have been involved in the production of film and

4995: 4616: 3234: 3150: 2880: 2875:

issues. Dhakiyarr disappeared upon release. In 1938, the 150th anniversary of the arrival of the British

2726: 2661: 2508: 2013: 1855: 1851: 1729: 1556:, from as few as 5 or 6 to as many as 30 or 40. Each nation had its own language, and a few had several. 962:

Indigenous status of population in localities with significant share of Torres Strait islander population

646:, the Blak & Bright literary festival in Melbourne, Blak Dot Gallery, Blak Markets and Blak Cabaret. 454: 344: 23053: 21062: 19817: 19731: 18799:"Oldest known evidence of Aboriginal settlement in arid Australia found in Flinders Ranges rock shelter" 17575:"Cooktown's Indigenous people help commemorate 250 years since Captain Cook's landing with re-enactment" 14990:"Almost all living people outside of Africa trace back to a single migration more than 50,000 years ago" 12808:"4713.0 – Population Characteristics, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2006, Religion" 6771:

passed a bill to advance the process of establishing a treaty with Aboriginal Victorians. The Victorian

6609:, and comprises a total of 20 leaders and experts from across the country. The other members are Father 5629:, as parents were unable to communicate their knowledge to their children, and thus much has been lost. 3297:, on behalf of the federal government of Australia, for the suffering caused by the Stolen Generations. 1458:

was able to draw an Aboriginal grain belt, detailing the specific areas where crops were once produced.

25754: 25388: 25024: 24976: 24831: 24622: 24574: 24529: 24175: 23652: 23632: 23209: 22433: 22337: 22191: 22146: 22050: 21170: 20495: 19941: 19760: 18877: 18011: 16886:. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 7 October 2015. Archived from 16098: 15680: 14209: 14191: 14179: 14173: 7062: 6772: 6363: 6308: 6040: 5422: 4943:

has written several non-fiction works on what it means to be Aboriginal in contemporary Australia, and

4744:

Indigenous musicians have been prominent in various contemporary styles of music, including creating a

4442: 4368:

brought to Australia in the late 19th and early 20th century to help explore and open up the interior.

4144: 4075:, suggest that the Pama–Nyungan group – and indeed the entire Australian linguistic area – is rather a 4060: 3808:

A "Commonwealth working definition" for Indigenous Australians was developed from 1968 and endorsed by

3671: 3342: 3126: 3098: 2752: 2740: 1971: 1863: 1462: 1171: 1120:

The earliest anatomically modern human remains found in Australia (and outside of Africa) are those of

1070: 769:

used in parts of Queensland and northern New South Wales where specific collective names are not used;

446: 340: 22934: 21001: 19937:"FactCheck Q&A: are Indigenous women 34–80 times more likely than average to experience violence?" 19509:

Rogers, Thomas James; Bain, Stephen (3 February 2016). "Genocide and frontier violence in Australia".

18325: 17402:"A working model of the deep relationships of diverse modern human genetic lineages outside of Africa" 16957:"Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea" 16206: 15918: 15698:

Fogarty, John; Dwyer, Jacinta (2012). "The First Aboriginal Land Rights Case". In Sykes, Helen (ed.).

14877:"Indigenous Australians make up almost 30% of hospitalisations due to domestic violence, report finds" 14215: 14203: 14197: 14185: 4296:

have had a significant impact on Indigenous Australians, their religion and their culture. As in many

25544: 25539: 25348: 25243: 24956: 24626: 24569: 24115: 24044: 23962: 23786: 23408: 23337: 22750: 22553: 22510: 22458: 22357: 22203: 22171: 22087: 22077: 22045: 21725: 20743: 20277: 19376: 19306: 18771: 17968: 17945: 17564: 17021:"Indigenous Australian population figures jumped in latest Census as pride increases and fears abate" 16261: 16078: 15091: 13844: 7072: 6712: 6682: 6382: 6342:– the first Indigenous Australian to become head of government in a state or territory of Australia. 6238: 5899: 5826:

Many Indigenous communities suffer from a range of health, social and legal problems associated with

5807: 5469: 5418: 5282: 5266: 5202: 5170: 5140: 4505: 4499: 4402: 4381: 3785: 3390:

and other groups, including on the basis that it maintains "racially-discriminatory" elements of the

3083: 3034: 2706: 2610: 2438: 1979: 1963:, who proved very adept at navigating their way through the Australian landscape and finding people. 1859: 1832: 1202: 938:

Geographical distribution of people with both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Indigenous status

904: 359: 243: 228: 23189: 21244:

Genocide and Settler Society: Frontier Violence and Stolen Indigenous Children in Australian History

20796: 20337: 19405: 18527:. Australian Government Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities 17395:. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: Division of International Law. p. 79. 17092:

Genocide and Settler Society: Frontier Violence and Stolen Indigenous Children in Australian History

16219: 16162:"Women's Safety Minister agrees to develop separate plan to halt violence in Indigenous communities" 14743: 14577: 14446: 13225: 12788:"4704.0 – the Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, 2008" 7163:, p. 220 denies Truganini was the last "full-blood", and makes a case for Suke (d. circa 1888). 7147:

For discussion of the Truganini claim, and the other candidates, Suke and Fanny Cochrane Smith, see

5923:

at a lower rate, with improvement from 59% to 74% between 2006 and 2016, with the gap at 24% in 2016

5667:

of 21 years (37 years for non-Indigenous), due to higher rates of birth and death. For this reason,

2483: 1397:, hunting and foraging for food from the land. Although Aboriginal society was generally mobile, or 25718: 25688: 25459: 25378: 25084: 24064: 23536: 23433: 23352: 23262: 22929: 22468: 22453: 22300: 22136: 22097: 21924: 18524: 18345: 18308: 16184: 15431:"I cannot say the numbers that were killed": assessing violent mortality on the Queensland frontier 14773: 6939: 6585: 6088: 6038:

into the Protection of Aboriginal Children from Sexual Abuse, which produced a report known as the

5872: 5457: 5295: 3816:

and community recognition in contrast to the earlier preponderance of Aboriginal blood definition.

3275: 3145:

became the second Indigenous Australian, and the first Indigenous Australian woman, elected to the

2958: 2916: 2443: 2297: 2128: 2061: 2009: 908: 681: 501:

In recent years, "First Nations", "First Peoples" and "First Australians" have become more common.

416: 348: 20111: 19485:""Many were killed from falling over the cliffs": The naming of Mount Wheeler, Central Queensland" 13538: 6362:, he was elected to the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly in October 1974 as the member for 5999:

34% of all women imprisoned in Australia. A 2017–2018 report into youth justice undertaken by the

4147:

of the Australian mainland. The other indigenous language spoken mainly in the eastern islands is

25673: 25493: 25430: 25425: 25263: 25208: 24707: 24453: 24356: 23957: 23756: 23396: 23149: 22618: 22493: 22473: 22448: 22428: 22181: 22151: 21976: 21853: 21782: 20447: 20386: 17628:"Single, Rapid Coastal Settlement of Asia Revealed by Analysis of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes" 15830: 15190: 14835: 14777: 14763: 13786: 13763: 13075: 6606: 6517: 6005: 5858: 5582: 5126: 4940: 4875: 4838: 3862: 3696: 3658: 3653: 3404: 3379: 3157: 3102: 3071: 2867: 2169: 2075: 1986: 1754: 1568:

Distribution of the pre-contact Aboriginal population between the current states and territories

1478: 1327: 1060: 862: 309: 249: 24: 22755: 21242:

Lukin Watson, Pamela (2004). "Passed Away?: The Fate of the Karuwali". In Moses, A. Dirk (ed.).

20616: 20100: 19800: 17090:

Kociumbas, Jan (2004). "Genocide and Modernity in Colonial Australia". In Moses, A. Dirk (ed.).

16922: 15126:"Who is Really Airbrushing the Past? Genocide, Slavery and the Return of the Colonial Repressed" 14830: 14273: 13382:

in association with the Federation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Languages (FATSIL).

12495: 6311:

won the Western Australian seat of Hasluck, becoming the first Indigenous person elected to the

1889:, as Government Resident in the Torres Straits. He originally established a small settlement on 25618: 25437: 25126: 24687: 24614: 24386: 24012: 23967: 23719: 23506: 23469: 23098: 23021: 22893: 22525: 22478: 22443: 22423: 22387: 22225: 22196: 22186: 22161: 22124: 22055: 21892: 21787: 19291: 18779: 18545: 18427:(Report). MCA Education. Sydney, NSW, Australia: Museum of Contemporary Art Ltd. Archived from 18166: 17559: 16852:"Historic all-Aboriginal senate ticket to propel 'climate justice', 'heal our land, our water'" 15954: 15318: 14786:"Community, identity, wellbeing: The report of the Second National Indigenous Languages Survey" 13103: 12851: 7017: 6768: 6610: 6598: 6550:

calls for a "First Nations Voice" in the Australian Constitution and a "Makarrata Commission" (

6490: 6316: 5657: 5442: 5257: 5245: 5095:, also starring Gulpilil and featuring elements of Aboriginal beliefs and culture, won several 5026: 4879: 4768: 4535: 4160: 3866: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3563: 3550: 3142: 2950: 2786: 2518: 2239: 1421: 1358: 1198: 1064: 694: 604:" and "Blak History Month"). The term was coined in 1991 by photographer and multimedia artist 544: 486: 450: 366:

traditions, and affected the environment of the continent in a number of ways through hunting,

301: 55: 20: 17962: 17941:"Astounding archaeology discovery places inland human occupation of Australia at 49,000 years" 16366: 15988: 14384: 7598:

Bradshaw, Corey; Williams, Alan; Saltré, Frédérick; Norman, Kasih; Ulm, Sean (29 April 2021).

5502:, inspired by Goolagong, also reached number-one and won three major singles titles. Sprinter 2000:

Graph showing the destination of Indigenous wages in Queensland in the 19th and 20th centuries

1181: 25595: 25465: 25400: 25146: 24996: 24712: 24702: 24423: 24351: 24145: 23821: 23742: 23521: 23322: 23169: 23093: 23088: 22967: 22807: 22588: 22520: 22418: 22372: 22235: 22141: 22028: 21914: 21586: 20878: 20396:"Understanding change in counts of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: Census" 19132: 18852: 17748: 17312:"Languages of Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Peoples – a Uniquely Australian Heritage" 17074: 16241:"Captain James Cook's landing and the Indigenous first words contested by Aboriginal leaders" 15451:"Face the Facts: Questions and Answers about Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Peoples" 14227: 14157: 14002: 6335: 5747: 5349: 5276: 4939:, 2009) are as of 2020 active contemporary contributors to Australian literature. Journalist 4865: 4842: 4627: 4313: 4136: 4114: 4082: 4053: 3618: 3387: 3214:

in Western Australia and brought in to a settlement. They are believed to have been the last

3067: 3024: 2990: 2790: 2249: 1266: 893: 871: 827: 815: 786: 762: 675: 305: 212: 19:

This article is about the two ethnically distinct groups of indigenous peoples of Australia:

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Ngaanyatjarra Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Women's Council Aboriginal Corporation (2013).

17542: 16903: 16747: 15788: 15559: 14897: 14011: 10185: 6977:

became the first Indigenous surgeon in 2006 and is an advocate of Indigenous health issues.

5264:, among others, with many of them well-represented in award nominations and wins. The films 4393:

was welcomed and the new religion was integrated into every aspect of their everyday lives.

3601:

Over time Australia has used various means to determine membership of ethnic groups such as

1485:

tools available included knives with ground edges, grinding devices, and eating containers.

25121: 24438: 24341: 24217: 24155: 24135: 24120: 24017: 23897: 23672: 23571: 23492: 22652: 22623: 22545: 22382: 22352: 22288: 22243: 21956: 21951: 21919: 21904: 21760: 21421: 21316: 21037: 20378: 19832: 19233: 19173: 18827: 17891: 17840: 17781: 17642: 17461: 17117: 17024: 16552: 16244: 16165: 15875: 15622:. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 11 September 2015. 15354: 15023:"Australia Day, Invasion Day, Survival Day: a long history of celebration and contestation" 14769: 14483: 14096: 13873: 13278: 13267:"Mitochondrial DNA sequences in ancient Australians: Implications for modern human origins" 12960: 12608:"3238.0.55.001 – Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, June 2016" 7600:"The First Australians grew to a population of millions, much more than previous estimates" 7597: 7413: 7103: 7008: 6581: 6289: 5936: 5261: 5054: 4898: 4745: 4523: 4168: 3809: 3324:

ATSIC was abolished by the Australian Government in 2004 amidst allegations of corruption.

3306: 3185: 2954: 2815: 1967: 1906: 1820: 1346: 1342: 1303: 1148: 847: 758: 551:. The book included interviews with several members of the Aboriginal community, including 224: 20536: 19274:

The Stolen Generations: The Removal of Aboriginal children in New South Wales 1883 to 1969

17610: 17479:"Dedicated Indigenous representation in the Australian Parliament, Research Paper 2008–09" 16415: 13328:"Unravelling the Genetic History of Negritos and Indigenous Populations of Southeast Asia" 12397: 11459: 3394:

and continues control by the federal government over "Aboriginal people and their lands".

3336:(also known as the Intervention) was launched in 2007 by the government of Prime Minister 8: 24971: 24878: 24640: 24589: 24488: 24409: 23997: 23811: 23801: 23707: 23647: 23566: 23103: 22996: 22573: 22515: 22347: 22310: 22040: 21470: 21017: 20948:"Aboriginal Australia - Referendums and Recognition: Constitutional recognition campaign" 20517:"South Australia halts Indigenous treaty talks as premier says he has 'other priorities'" 19818:"The thermal history of human fossils and the likelihood of successful DNA amplification" 18893: 18038:"Whole-Genome Genetic Diversity in a Sample of Australians with Deep Aboriginal Ancestry" 15599: 13522: 12922: 11391: 11389: 11387: 11385: 11383: 7057: 6724: 6704: 6670: 6343: 6152: 6096: 5763: 5614: 5495: 5448: 5358: 5336: 5019: 4985: 4837:

in 1796 is the first known work written in English by an Aboriginal person. The historic

4590: 4484: 4152: 4068: 3626: 3215: 2798: 2635: 2625: 2244: 1561: 1498: 1155: 1133: 1110: 1102: 835: 556: 21532:

The representation of minorities and indigenous peoples in parliament: A global overview

21425: 21320: 21224:

Genocide in the Age of the Nation State: The rise of the West and the coming of genocide

19836: 19322: 19237: 19220:

Rasmussen, M.; Guo, X.; Wang, Y.; Lohmueller, K. E.; Rasmussen, S.; et al. (2011).

19201: 18831: 17895: 17844: 17785: 17646: 16556: 16383: 14487: 14407:"Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia – Stories from the Census, 2016" 14252: 14141: 14100: 13877: 13282: 8664: 5782:

Infant mortality (ages 0–4) was twice as high as for non-Indigenous children in 2014–6.

5201:(aired 2019), featuring Fa'aoso and Bani, tells the story of Torres Strait Islands from 4317: 4244:, dances and ceremonies, and even today provides a framework for ongoing relationships, 3101:, becoming the first Indigenous Australian in the Federal Parliament. A year later, the 2019:

During this time, many Aboriginal people were victims of slavery by colonists alongside

1789: 1749:

mapped the east coast of Australia and claimed the territory for Britain in the name of

386:

peoples. At the time of European colonisation, it is estimated that there were over 250

25649: 25571: 25481: 25410: 25395: 25218: 25131: 25094: 24564: 24483: 24170: 24160: 24094: 24049: 23992: 23844: 23766: 23561: 23551: 23541: 23531: 23083: 23038: 22888: 22675: 22633: 22608: 22593: 22583: 22578: 22568: 22535: 22438: 22342: 21946: 21941: 21531: 21461: 21444: 21391: 21345: 21304: 20951: 20888:(Report). Australian Government: Indigenous Culture Support. p. 12. Archived from 20713: 20373: 20237:

Thomson, Neil (2001). "Indigenous Australia: Indigenous Health". In Jupp, James (ed.).

20190: 20145: 20092: 19856: 19726: 19584: 19559: 19526: 19447:. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander studies. Archived from 19254: 19221: 19033: 18930: 18783: 18620: 18486: 18229: 18062: 18037: 18016: 17914: 17879: 17861: 17828: 17815: 17735: 17691: 17666: 17436: 17401: 16575: 16540: 16505: 16486: 15773: 15741: 15374: 15246: 15047: 14934: 14744:"Colonial frontier massacres in Central and Eastern Australia, 1788–1930: Introduction" 14517: 14120: 13975: 13566: 13354: 13327: 13144: 12931: 12686:. Australian Government, Office of Indigenous Policy Coordination. 2006. Archived from 11757: 7108: 6967: 6955: 6935: 6934:

in 1976, and many others have become famous through political activism – for instance,

6743: 6622: 6505: 6409: 6285: 6084: 6045: 6012: 5868: 5815: 5605: 5578: 5511: 4960: 4906: 4857: 4527: 4341: 4059:

Linguists classify many of the mainland Australian languages into one large group, the

3614: 3610: 3606: 3318: 3256: 3252: 3045:

drafted the Aboriginal Land Rights Bill. This was enacted the following year under the

2970: 2895: 2780: 2583: 2568: 2005: 1960: 1871: 1839: 1797: 1762:

shields and was taken back to England by Cook, where it remains in the British Museum.

1412: 1379: 1230: 1098: 746: 723: 491: 429: 367: 355: 204: 113: 24130: 19844: 19170:"Research Note no. 5 2003–2004. ATSIC Review: Complex Challenges, No Simple Solutions" 18856: 18272: 17276: 16981: 16956: 16887: 16541:"Revealing the prehistoric settlement of Australia by Y chromosome and mtDNA analysis" 13885: 13091: 12957:"Aboriginal culture celebrated at 2015 Saltwater Freshwater Festival in Coffs Harbour" 11380: 8688: 6420:

from 2013 to 2016, was the first Indigenous head of government in Australia. In 1974,

6369:

A number of Indigenous people represent electorates at state and territory level, and

6048:, that children in remote Aboriginal communities in NT were suffering from widespread 4240:. Knowledge contained in the Dreaming has been passed down through different stories, 2209: 378:

and spear were constructed of natural materials, as were musical instruments like the

25233: 25203: 25156: 24991: 24788: 24610: 24478: 24468: 24458: 24448: 24296: 23982: 23642: 23594: 23516: 23450: 23428: 23416: 23332: 23302: 23016: 22956: 22563: 22305: 21538: 21501: 21479: 21449: 21350: 21332: 21247: 21228: 20939: 20889: 20828: 20818: 20784: 20717: 20653: 20625: 20542: 20310: 20242: 20214: 20195: 20177: 20096: 20051: 20017: 19998: 19921: 19878: 19848: 19816:

Smith, C. I.; Chamberlain, A. T.; Riley, M. S.; Stringer, C.; Collins, M. J. (2003).

19670: 19611: 19589: 19530: 19495: 19469: 19281: 19259: 19078:

A report for the National Indigenous Australians Agency, Health and Wellbeing Branch.

19016: 19006: 18987: 18968: 18934: 18643: 18478: 18233: 18221: 18204: 18104: 18067: 18024: 17991: 17972: 17919: 17866: 17807: 17739: 17658: 17523: 17441: 17423: 17377: 17264: 17095: 16986: 16836: 16580: 16144: 16074: 15992: 15981: 15962: 15906: 15896: 15858: 15848: 15731: 15708: 15684: 15565: 15524: 15483: 15414: 15395: 15300: 15250: 15210: 15160: 14926: 14861: 14602: 14521: 14509: 14392: 14350: 14313: 14237: 14112: 14070: 14049: 13921: 13861: 13570: 13558: 13485: 13383: 13359: 13314: 13309: 13296: 13266: 12938: 12591: 8748: 6756: 6618: 6467: 6452: 6412:

has an exceptionally high Indigenous proportion (about one third) of its population.

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engaged in recreational activities, including a type of Aboriginal football from the

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similar to the Aboriginal peoples' Dreaming and "Everywhen" concepts, passed down in

3846: 3820: 3630: 3602: 3264: 3094: 3056: 3046: 2974: 2872: 2846: 2802: 2473: 2391: 2201: 1828: 1564:

and westward including certain sections of Northern Territory and Western Australia.

1526: 1429: 1335: 1331: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1299: 1295: 1273:

4–5,000 years ago. The research also suggests a divergence from the Papuan people of

1226: 1125: 1044: 798: 664: 552: 100: 22946: 21537:(Report). Geneva: Inter-parliamentary Union – United Nations Development Programme. 21046:"Summary Commentary: Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians" 20981: 20966:

Dead Reckoning: How to find your way in the genealogical jungle of Western Australia

20842:"FULL LIST: Record number of Indigenous MPs voted in to serve the Australian people" 20146:"Human Genetic Research in Wallacea and Sahul: Recent Findings and Future Prospects" 19685: 19053: 18839: 18735: 18378: 18099: 18082: 17670: 17279:. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. 3 June 2015 16815: 16667: 16594:"Population Distribution, Migration and Climate Change in Australia: An Exploration" 14938: 14426: 12747: 12343: 10097: 10095: 10093: 10091: 9923: 7779: 7743: 5912:

Have lower literacy and numeracy, although rates had improved significantly on some

5102:

The canon of films related to Indigenous Australians increased from the 1990s, with

4705:

The various Aboriginal peoples developed unique musical instruments and styles. The

4673: 2347: 1197:

Genetic studies have revealed that Aboriginal Australians largely descended from an

1109:

Several settlements of humans in Australia have been dated around 49,000 years ago.

24941: 24903: 24559: 24511: 24433: 24346: 24246: 24165: 24089: 24074: 23267: 23068: 23011: 22988: 22951: 22680: 22114: 21439: 21429: 21404: 21383: 21340: 21324: 20774: 20705: 20639:

William, Alan (24 April 2013). "A new population curve for prehistoric Australia".

20502:. Australian Government: Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. 30 October 2019a 20482:. Australian Government: Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. 8 November 2019b 20185: 20167: 20157: 20084: 19982: 19860: 19840: 19751: 19666: 19579: 19571: 19518: 19249: 19241: 18951: 18922: 18849:"The Roman Catholic Church and Indigenous Land Rights in Australia and New Zealand" 18835: 18490: 18470: 18213: 18094: 18057: 18049: 17909: 17899: 17856: 17848: 17819: 17797: 17789: 17727: 17687: 17650: 17431: 17413: 16976: 16968: 16570: 16560: 16495: 16404:"Aboriginal truth and white media: Eric Michaels meets the spirit of Aboriginalism" 16346: 16002: 15804:

J. W. H. Trueman. "Does the Lake Mungo 3 mtDNA evicence stand up to analysis?". In

15777: 15769: 15438: 15238: 15043: 14918: 14499: 14491: 14340: 14294: 14233: 14124: 14104: 14087: 13897: 13881: 13663: 13550: 13349: 13339: 13304: 13286: 13008: 12948: 12933:

Aboriginal Australia & the Torres Strait Islands: Guide to Indigenous Australia

12427: 11449: 11447: 11445: 11443: 9456: 8253: 6994: 6927: 6852: 6543: 6529: 6390: 6374: 6035: 6020: 5959:

was established as a training centre by the state and federal governments in 1997.

5927: 5638: 5487: 5233: 5221: 5192: 5180: 5059: 4638: 4634: 4609: 4554: 4309: 4293: 4156: 4118: 3802: 3754:

Both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as a percentage of the population, 2011

3437:

which brought about changes to the Constitution to include Indigenous Australians.

3114: 3089:

Indigenous Australians began to serve in parliaments from the late 1960s. In 1971,

2966: 2936: 2912: 2630: 2558: 2386: 2264: 2224: 2020: 1893:, but on 1 August 1864 he went to Somerset Island. English missionaries arrived on 1765:

Cook spent a greater period of time among the Guugu Yimithirr people around modern

1540:

There is evidence that some Aboriginal populations in northern Australia regularly

1009: 882: 591: 578:

A significant number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people use the term "

317: 200: 126: 23174: 23026: 22883: 21371: 20239:

The Australian people: an encyclopedia of the nation, its people and their Origins

19900: 19522: 17252: 15182: 15108: 14922: 14904:. Vol. 1. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. 1966. 14309:

Invisible Invaders: Smallpox and Other Diseases in Aboriginal Australia, 1780–1880

10240: 8676: 6110:"to boost frontline services in the Northern Territory... and to work towards our 2785:

The term Stolen Generations refers to those children of Australian Aboriginal and

2082: 25321: 24316: 24227: 24084: 24069: 23391: 23357: 23327: 23194: 22961: 22785: 22745: 21689: 21556:(Report). CRC funded reports. Australian Institute of Criminology. Archived from 20739:"Aboriginal archaeological discovery in Kakadu rewrites the history of Australia" 20570:(1). The Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies NSW: 7. 20451: 20208: 19414: 19202:"Rabbit-Proof Fence (2002) on ASO – Australia's audio and visual heritage online" 17369: 16907: 16033: 15672: 15278:. Australian Government: Office of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Archived from 15154: 14948:"'We are taking this place back': Treaty assembly sits in Victoria's Upper House" 14064: 13979: 13507: 12748:"4512.0 – Corrective Services, Australia, September Quarter 2019: Key Statistics" 10088: 7719: 6931: 6864: 6833: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6760: 6555: 6398: 6370: 6323:

and in 2011 considered a challenge for the Labor Party leadership in that state.

6111: 5980: 5895: 5847: 5839: 5835: 5827: 5759: 5676: 5646: 5634: 5599: 5430: 5414: 5271: 5253: 5229: 5078: 5050: 4902: 4870: 4329: 4225: 4148: 3356: 3207: 2850: 2831: 2229: 2193: 2087: 2033: 1917:

One immediate consequence was a series of epidemics of European diseases such as

1898: 1750: 1742: 1394: 926:

Geographical distribution of people with Torres Strait Islander Indigenous status

853:

The 2016 census reported 23,572 Indigenous Australians in the state of Tasmania.

794: 750: 742: 572: 509: 139: 74: 24271: 22691: 20762: 20556: 19089:. Australian Government: Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. 30 July 2019c 18217: 17626:

MacAulay, V.; Hill, C.; Achilli, A.; Rengo, C.; Clarke, D.; et al. (2005).

17603:"Mabo v Queensland (No 2) ('Mabo case') [1992] HCA 23; (1992) 175 CLR 1" 16746:. Agreements, Treaties and Negotiated Settlements (ATNS) project. Archived from 15070: 12684:"4. Administration: Coordination and engagement at regional and national levels" 11440: 9639: 9492: 9173: 8589: 8388: 8366: 8364: 8337: 8325: 8193: 6377:. The first Indigenous Australian to serve as a minister in any government was 6199:

for representation of the original occupants of Australia in federal Parliament.

5311:

and others, and featuring many Indigenous actors, began to air in January 2020.

4477: 4389:

beliefs; their culture informed their understanding of the new religion, as the

3805:. In the 1966 census, Torres Strait Islanders were considered to be Aboriginal. 471: 25576: 25471: 25343: 25248: 24331: 24251: 24079: 24054: 24039: 24007: 23362: 23199: 23154: 23058: 22878: 22558: 21328: 20709: 20541:, Australian National University, North Australia Research Unit, pp. 7–9, 20293: 18639: 18083:"Making the Rainforest Aboriginal: Tindale and Birdsell's foray into deep time" 18053: 17829:"The Simons Genome Diversity Project: 300 genomes from 142 diverse populations" 16616:"'I am the first!' Linda Burney proclaims history for Indigenous people, women" 16270: 15677:

Archaeology of the Dreamtime: The Story of prehistoric Australia and its people

15057:"Australian dig finds evidence of Aboriginal habitation up to 80,000 years ago" 14223: 12358: 12095: 11957: 11551: 11549: 9390: 8652: 7265:

people military allotments and pensions, but judged each case on its "merits" (

6959: 6899: 6876: 6856: 6739: 6602: 6573: 6497:

withdrew this support just before the election, earning a rebuke from activist

6385:

was the first Aboriginal woman elected to a State parliament in Australia (the

6257: 6196: 6123: 5668: 5618: 5523: 5499: 5481: 5468:, making it the first Australian sports team to travel overseas. Cricketer and 5438: 5225: 5217: 5188: 5064: 4922: 4830: 4585:

Several styles of Aboriginal art have developed in modern times, including the

4574:. These designs generally carry significance linked to the spirituality of the 4216: 4140: 4072: 3771: 3368: 3245: 3193: 3161: 3090: 2924: 2823: 2523: 2361: 2292: 1938: 1778: 1758:

live in a Tranquillity which is not disturb'd by the Inequality of Condition".

1713: 1455: 642: 605: 24022: 23123: 19448: 19350:"Recommended Guidelines for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Terminology" 19181: 19020: 18540: 17827:

Mallick, Swapan; Li, Heng; Lipson, Mark; Mathieson, Iain (21 September 2016).

15745: 15499: 15242: 14327:

Carey, Stephen P.; Sherwood, John E.; Price, David M.; Bowler, Jim M. (2018).

13631: 13197: 13139: 8700: 8349: 6558:

word "describing a process of conflict resolution, peacemaking and justice").

5179:, a 2012 drama series for TV based on an idea by Torres Strait Islander actor 5162: 4659: 811: 300:. They consist of two distinct groups, which includes many ethnic groups: the 25768: 25286: 25198: 24863: 24803: 24261: 24029: 23977: 23972: 22770: 21336: 20832: 20788: 20353: 20181: 19492:

Indigenous and minority placenames: Australian and international perspectives

19222:"An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia" 18352:. Vol. 12. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. 18225: 18108: 18028: 18020: 17427: 17268: 16833:

Point of order!: The Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory 1974–1994

15910: 15862: 15279: 15260:"Victorian Aboriginal voters have elected a treaty assembly. So what's next?" 14639: 14354: 13562: 13300: 13032:"Aboriginal or not: More Australians than ever are identifying as Indigenous" 9962: 8361: 8074: 8072: 8070: 6915: 6903: 6884: 6872: 6793: 6775:

was elected in November 2019 and sat for the first time on 10 December 2019.

6522: 6346:, also of the CLP, was the first Indigenous person elected to any Australian 6269: 6261: 6203: 5947:

communities do not perform or attend as well as students in urban areas. The

5831: 5790: 5767: 5743: 5641:), lower levels of education and employment, inter-generational trauma, high 5531: 5503: 5426: 5390: 5290: 5241: 5135: 5091: 5074: 5046: 4890: 4849: 4804: 4753: 4598: 4571: 4511: 4390: 4188: 4081:, or group of languages having very long and intimate contact, rather than a 3383: 3364: 3283: 3211: 3181: 3177: 3042: 3029: 2819: 2578: 2254: 2153: 2145: 2044: 2028: 1890: 1843: 1470: 1262: 1252:

PCA of Orang Asli (Semang) and Andamanese, with worldwide populations in HGDP

1188: 886: 600:

is sometimes used as part of a wider social movement (seen in terms such as "

441: 328: 21434: 21187: 20779: 19626: 19575: 19245: 19149:"Population Distribution, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians" 17904: 17654: 17418: 16565: 16424: 15475:

Family violence among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, Summary

14671: 14655: 14601:. Commonwealth of Australia. Dept. of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 2019. 14529: 13793:. Vol. 1. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. 11733: 11546: 11474: 9678: 9444: 8957: 8840: 8628: 5652:

Some demographic facts are related to these issues, as cause and/or result:

4582:. Such ochres were also used to paint their bodies for ceremonial purposes. 2070: 850:(d. 1905) as the last surviving "full-blooded" Tasmanian Aboriginal person. 25476: 25383: 25333: 25238: 25113: 24813: 24286: 23317: 23312: 23224: 22873: 22802: 22760: 22737: 21453: 21354: 20918: 20326:"Victorian Greens reveal all-Indigenous senate ticket for Federal election" 20230:"Two Queensland mountains to be renamed to rid them of racist connotations" 20199: 20088: 19852: 19658: 19593: 19263: 18955: 18482: 18454:"Rottnest's Aboriginal prisoners are Australia's forgotten patriots: elder" 18396:"Why 'Blak' not Black?: Artist Destiny Deacon and the origins of this word" 18361:. European Network for Indigenous Australian Rights (ENIAR). Archived from 18071: 17923: 17870: 17811: 17662: 17445: 16990: 16584: 16500: 16481: 15061: 14930: 14881: 14513: 14116: 13991:"Australia in 142 Photographic Illustrations after a Decade of Experiences" 13889: 13768: 13410: 13363: 13318: 12426:. Department of Social Services Ministers. 28 February 2022. Archived from 8618: 8616: 6951: 6947: 6919: 6673:. The first meeting of the group was held in Canberra on 13 November 2019. 6650: 6638: 6533: 6498: 6378: 6324: 6092: 6049: 5751: 5626: 5622: 5547: 5535: 5527: 5484:, the team's star player, was regarded as one of the era's finest batsmen. 5406: 5394: 5389:, it was a type of kick and catch football game played with a ball made of 5374: 5249: 5237: 5158: 5121: 5096: 4944: 4932: 4820: 4667: 4594: 4467: 4377: 4333: 4275: 4212: 4098: 3640: 3584: 3417:

proposed referendum on Constitutional recognition of Indigenous Australians

3200: 3138: 2448: 2100: 2024: 1930: 1926: 1897:

on 1 July 1871. In 1872 the boundary of Queensland was extended to include

1875: 1847: 1425: 1417: 1402: 774: 766: 737:

The naming of peoples is complex and multi-layered, but a few examples are

563: 399: 363: 20354:"The Tracker (2002) on ASO – Australia's audio and visual heritage online" 20162: 18613:

Social Analysis: The International Journal of Social and Cultural Practice

17880:"Genome-wide data substantiate Holocene gene flow from India to Australia" 15472: 14711: 14445: 14298: 14026:"Indigenous performing arts is a testament to collective drive and vision" 13291: 11763: 8067: 7697: 7493: 7491: 7221:

Appendices listing and interpretation of state acts regarding "Aborigines"

4436: 1147:

seem to have lived a long time in the same environment as the now extinct

1136:

believes that present-day local Aboriginal peoples are descended from the

1124:; they have been dated at 42,000 years old. The initial comparison of the 25193: 24868: 24366: 24306: 24281: 23987: 23421: 23272: 22797: 22628: 22488: 21402: 21080:"Aboriginal victimisation and offending: the picture from police records" 20915:"Aboriginal Australia – Referendums and Recognition: The 1967 Referendum" 20470:(Report). Brewarrina Aboriginal Cultural Museum – via Academia.edu. 20116: 18611:

Newton, Janice (1990). "Becoming 'Authentic' Australians through Music".

17878:

Manfred, K; Mark, S; Irina, P; Frederick, D; Ellen, G (14 January 2013).

16762: 16215: 15442: 15071:"Dead Heart (1996) on ASO – Australia's audio and visual heritage online" 13450: 13344: 11395: 8541: 8133: 7503: 7093: 7077: 6963: 6868: 6860: 6634: 6509: 6478: 6355: 6188: 5880: 5854: 5610: 5551: 5543: 5515: 5434: 5378: 5345: 5304: 5300: 5183:, was partly filmed in the Torres Strait Islands and starred Fa'aoso and 5175: 5117: 5113: 5042: 5030: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4841:

of 1963 are the first traditional Aboriginal documents recognised by the

4714: 4699: 4695: 4586: 4578:. Paintings were usually created in earthy colours, from paint made from 4567: 4530:, but examples can also within protected parks in urban areas such as at 4463: 4297: 3887:

years earlier, 31% were living in major cities and 24% in remote areas.)

3798: 3446:

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population in Australia, 1971–2021

3347: 3337: 3279: 3005: 2982: 2876: 2161: 1996: 1942: 1886: 1815:, New South Wales, in 1788. Settlements were subsequently established in 1808: 1774: 1741:

British exploration of the Australian coastline began with the buccaneer

1701: 1518: 1510: 1506: 1450: 1282: 1258: 1214: 1210: 1159: 867: 770: 637: 568: 535: 403: 281: 178: 28: 23252: 22827: 21372:"On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind" 20763:"A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia" 20754:"Former Aboriginal prison on Rottnest Island closed for tourist lodging" 18624: 18523: 17852: 17802: 17793: 16509: 15627: 14495: 14108: 14013:

The Aboriginals and Half-Castes of Central Australia and North Australia

13799: 13710:. Australian Government Culture Portal. 21 December 2007. Archived from 13554: 13514: 11125: 10544: 9422: 9420: 9224: 8754: 8613: 7749: 6252:

As of January 2020, six Indigenous Australians have been elected to the

4288:

Christianity in Australia § Indigenous Australians and Christianity

3378:

In 2011, the Australian government enacted legislation to implement the

3074:

reversed Justice Blackburn's ruling and handed down its decision in the

2789:

descent who were forcibly removed from their families by the Australian

950:

Geographical distribution of people with Torres Strait Islander ancestry

25301: 25188: 25183: 24858: 24848: 24793: 24222: 23078: 22832: 21632:. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies 21495:

Communicating Positively: A guide to appropriate Aboriginal terminology

21395: 20172: 18892: 18474: 18362: 17585: 16944:"Historic Constitution vote over indigenous recognition facing hurdles" 16047: 14504: 13630:

Text may have been copied from this source, which is available under a

13173: 10267: 10255: 9929: 9601: 8453: 8451: 8259: 7488: 6943: 6911: 6845: 6789: 6642: 6630: 6494: 6413: 6394: 6331: 6277: 6265: 5664: 5417:. Some historians claim that Marn Grook had a role in the formation of 5398: 5386: 5153: 5148: 5131: 5086: 5082: 4738: 4722: 4718: 4706: 4663: 4563: 4305: 4184: 4164: 4077: 3679: 3372: 3310: 3290: 3189: 2620: 1990: 1985:

Place names sometimes reveal discrimination, such as Mount Jim Crow in

1946: 1902: 1824: 1812: 1793: 1746: 1734: 1530: 1438: 1274: 1187:

Phylogenetic position of the Aboriginal Australian lineage among other

1137: 1114: 1040: 1016: 900: 878: 579: 540: 420: 379: 313: 87: 22817: 21698:"Map of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health/medical services" 21557: 20597:"First meeting held by senior body for Indigenous Voice to government" 18696:"Bill Shorten keeps Kim Carr on frontbench in shadow ministry shuffle" 17988:

Living with the Locals: Early Europeans' Experience of Indigenous Life

17769: 17516:

Colonialism and its Aftermath: A history of Aboriginal South Australia

17333:"Blak, Black, Blackfulla: Language is important, but it can be tricky" 16704:"Indigenous Australians: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people" 16519:"Murrumu Walubara Yidindji renounces citizenship to reclaim Australia" 15618: 9462: 8577: 8529: 5671:

is often used when comparing Indigenous and non-Indigenous statistics.

5464:

A team of Aboriginal cricketers from the Western District of Victoria

4813: 4163:; however Kalaw Lagaw Ya appears to be undergoing a transition into a 2074:

New South Wales Mounted Police killing Aboriginal warriors during the

25657: 25447: 25178: 24336: 24197:

Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

24059: 23297: 23043: 22863: 21748: 21717: 21613: 20306: 18873:"Why guaranteed Indigenous seats in parliament could ease inequality" 18307:. Australian Government Culture and Recreation Portal. Archived from 18138:"The Aboriginal Tent Embassy has been left off the ACT heritage list" 17481:. Parliament of Australia, Politics and Public Administration Section 16286: 15976: 15727: 13990: 13609:"Australia: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population summary" 13090: 11945: 11862:"Indigenous and Black Communities Find Common Cause for Land Justice" 11697: 10754: 10744: 10742: 9585: 9417: 7725: 7048:

Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

6907: 6829: 6589: 6448: 6304: 5798: 5539: 5476:

coached the team in an Aboriginal language he learnt as a child, and

5473: 5453: 5402: 5209: 5184: 4894: 4834: 4749: 4734: 4730: 4575: 4308:

in Adelaide, the work of missionaries laid the foundations for later

4252: 4221: 3169: 3122: 2977:

in protest against poor pay and conditions (later the subject of the

2563: 2503: 1975: 1502: 1482: 1474: 1287: 1121: 843: 839: 523: 424: 375: 321: 293: 21677: 21387: 20936:"Aboriginal Australia - Referendums and Recognition: 1967 Resources" 19986: 19640:"Wiradjuri artist's painting depicts journey of healing at hospital" 19541:. Department of Health and Ageing. 10 February 2006b. Archived from 18713: 16445:"Ash Barty number one world ranking sends Queensland into overdrive" 15107:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 11 April 2011. Archived from 14672:"Collaborating for Indigenous Rights: Wave Hill walk off, 1966–1967" 14576:. Indigenous Accountants Australia. 14 February 2018. Archived from 14345: 14328: 13935: 13800:"The British Invasion of Australia. Convicts: Exile and Dislocation" 13746: 12194: 12182: 11561: 10532: 10101: 9101: 8736: 8448: 8199: 6970:– have used their celebrity to draw attention to Indigenous issues. 6214:, to protest 150 years of callous treatment and the seizure of land. 3853:, there was a 20% rise in people who identify as Aboriginal. In the 2023:

peoples who were kidnapped from their homes, in a practice known as

1481:) with stone or fishbone tips, clubs, and (less commonly) axes. The 485:(origin, beginning). The term was used in Australia to describe its 24918: 24908: 24361: 24321: 24140: 23159: 23130: 23033: 22982: 22847: 22775: 21692:. Australasian Legal Information Institute (austlii). 20 July 2017. 20467: 20047:

Summary of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health status 2018

20044: 18926: 17731: 16972: 16125:"5 of the best Aboriginal experiences in Tropical North Queensland" 12511: 11522: 11453: 11356: 11065: 6922:

remain the only Indigenous Australians to have been elected to the

6837: 6482: 5843: 5818:, with this resulting in unstable parenting and family situations. 5507: 5410: 5393:

hide. According to some accounts, it was played as far away as the

5382: 5341: 5213: 4764: 4726: 4633:

Aboriginal art has influenced many non-Indigenous artists, such as

4626:

exhibits a great many Indigenous art works, including those of the

4546: 4539: 4321: 4241: 4233: 4094: 3110: 2463: 2157: 2112: 1934: 1922: 1816: 1766: 1560:

sections of New South Wales, and along the northern coast from the

1545: 1390: 1218: 831: 782: 408: 152: 22842: 20258:"Colliding worlds: first contact in the western desert, 1932–1984" 18564:"Australia's Aborigines Launch a Bold Legal Push for Independence" 18460: 16538: 15010:"Why the number of Indigenous deaths in the frontier wars matters" 14728:"Colliding worlds: first contact in the western desert, 1932–1984" 12848:"8 interesting facts about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders" 10993: 10739: 8694: 8670: 8601: 8265: 7657: 7655: 1882:

with which they had become acquainted in the northern hemisphere.

1318:

can be found in the majority of Europeans, Northern South Asians,

24326: 24291: 24241: 24232: 23347: 23282: 23184: 23117: 22812: 21645: 21360: 19868:

Smyth, Dermot; Monaghan, Jim; Smyth; Consultants, Bahrdt (2004).

19280:. Department of Aboriginal Affairs (New South Wales government). 18525:"National Heritage Places – Budj Bim National Heritage Landscape" 16523: 12122: 11236: 11176: 11101: 10703: 9935: 9786: 6748: 6700: 6024: 5920: 5803: 5794: 5370: 5362: 4948: 4686: 4682: 4550: 3879: 3274:

but did not succeed. In 1999, the Australian Parliament passed a

3203: 2593: 1970:

skulls were particularly sought internationally for studies into

1918: 1442: 1398: 1278: 1206: 1094: 1008:"Freshwater people" redirects here. For the American people, see 790: 778: 513: 277: 25648: 19960:. Queensland Curriculum & Assessment Authority. 25 July 2018 19799:. Civics and Citizenship Education. 14 June 2005. Archived from 19795: 19172:. Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library. Archived from 19083:"Petrol sniffing continues to decline in Indigenous Communities" 18165:. Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library. Archived from 15874:. Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library. Archived from 15355:"Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians" 10158: 9968: 9531: 8099: 8097: 8095: 8093: 8091: 8089: 8087: 7731: 7667: 7414:"Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians" 6950:

decision that bears his name. The voices of Cape York activists

6095:; violent family environments; poor health; inadequate housing; 4798: 4457: 2907: 1341:

Aboriginal Australians possess deep rooted clades of both mtDNA

1237:

and the East/Southeast Asian lineage including the ancestors of

24256: 23342: 23292: 22837: 22731:

List of resources about traditional arts and culture of Oceania

20614: 20050:. Mount Lawley, WA: Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet. 2019. 19633:. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. 19336:(28). Australasian Legal Information Institute. 16 January 2012 19060: 17253:"The Story of Cape York Peninsula: Part II: Torres Strait Saga" 16012:"Indigenous parliamentarians, federal and state: a quick guide" 14811:"Street names a reminder of our racist past and they should go" 14742: 14148: 14066:

Australian Languages: Classification and the comparative method

12638: 12424:"$ 10.7 million boost for domestic violence services in the NT" 11739: 11685: 11555: 11480: 11260: 11200: 10945: 10778: 10010: 9738: 9684: 9666: 9450: 7842: 7652: 6848:, became famous for armed resistance to the European settlers. 5913: 5736: 5732: 5519: 5491: 4883: 4515: 4325: 4237: 4229: 3740:

Torres Strait Islanders as a percentage of the population, 2011

2533: 2144:

In 1938, over 100 Aboriginal people protested one of the first

1709: 1494: 1441:

people whom he lived near in Victoria. He saw women harvesting

738: 582:" and its associated forms to refer to Aboriginal Australians. 411:

epidemic spreading three years after the arrival of Europeans.

24192:

Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium

19748:"Screen Australia's Indigenous Department celebrates 25 years" 19494:. Aboriginal history monographs. ANU Press. pp. 147–161. 19127: 17678:

MacKnight, C. C. (1986). "Macassans and the Aboriginal past".

17213:"Appropriate words & terminology for First Nations topics" 16954: 16145:"UN's claims of "racist" NT intervention are widely condemned" 14364:"Seminar: The 'myth' of smallpox at Sydney Cove in April 1789" 12660:"36. Kinship and Identity: Legal definitions of Aboriginality" 10957: 10899: 10897: 9911: 9702: 9627: 9089: 8712: 8682: 8109: 8078: 7878: 7830: 6447:(ATSIC) was set up as a representative body in 1990 under the 6117: 5830:

of both legal and illegal drugs, including but not limited to

3726:

Aboriginal Australians as a percentage of the population, 2011

3712:

Indigenous Australians as a percentage of the population, 2011

1023:

for coast-dwellers (including Torres Strait Islander people),

25780:

Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization

25653: 25258: 25228: 24311: 24266: 23236: 23219: 23204: 22822: 21202: 21166:"More First Nations people in parliament matters. Here's why" 21089:. NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research. Archived from 20618:

Ampe Akelyernemane Meke Mekarle: "Little Children are Sacred"

20538:

Cross cultural communication problems in Aboriginal Australia

19867: 19815: 19184:(Media release). University of South Australia. 16 May 2008. 19108:. Northern Territory Government. October 2004. Archived from 18965:

Convincing Ground: Learning to Fall in Love with your Country

18659:"Greens announce all First Nations Senate ticket in Victoria" 17767: 15495: 15175:"Documenting a Democracy: Yirrkala bark petitions 1963 (Cth)" 14545: 14473: 13670:. Authorised by the Electoral Commissioner: Canberra ACT 2600 13626: 13157: 11590: 11320: 11284: 10691: 10607: 10374: 10372: 9887: 8855: 8505: 8394: 8343: 8331: 8241: 8139: 8084: 7953: 7941: 7509: 6841: 6233:

List of Indigenous Australians in politics and public service

5037: 4579: 4519: 3429: 3063: 2814:

the twentieth century, many Indigenous Australians worked as

1879: 1716:, which catered for extended family members living together. 1522: 1490: 1424:

people have removed the bark to make a canoe, for use on the

1406: 1270: 1242: 754: 517: 475: 371: 20694:"Constitutional Reform 2013: What are we trying to achieve?" 20276:. National Museum of Australia. 13 July 1968. Archived from 17370:"The Music Culture and Music System of Aboriginal Australia" 17050:"Wyatt likes the odd but keeping his cards close in Hasluck" 16029:"Prehistoric Australian Aboriginal populations were growing" 14385:"Ngapartji Ngapartji: Telling Aboriginal Australian Stories" 13148:. Vol. 62, no. 19, 109. 30 January 1988. p. 4 13009:"Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 (Cth)" 11649: 10921: 10909: 10843: 10466: 10408: 9815: 9805: 9803: 9801: 9468: 9405: 7866: 7033:

Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities

6896:

Indigenous Australians have been elected to political office

6078:

Domestic violence in Australia § Indigenous Australians

5687:(COAG) in December 2018. These were in the following areas: 4630:

who are known for their traditional sculpture and headgear.

4597:"dot art" movement. Some notable Aboriginal artists include 4155:

spoken on the nearby south coast of New Guinea and the only

3012:

to make laws with respect to Aboriginal people by modifying

1733:

A 1770 sketch of two Aboriginal men by the British explorer

24888: 23307: 23287: 23277: 23257: 23214: 23179: 23164: 22868: 22780: 22765: 21305:"Genome of a middle Holocene hunter-gatherer from Wallacea" 20669:"Audiovisual Heritage of Torres Strait Singing and Dancing" 19490:. In Clark, Ian D; Hercus, Luise; Kostanski, Laura (eds.). 19068:(Report). School of Public Health, University of Queensland 19003:

Dark emu: Aboriginal Australia and the birth of agriculture

18400: 15919:"GF's Koori History Website – Koori History Images – 1930s" 15872:"Research Note 18 2000–01: The Definition of Aboriginality" 15561:

The Soundscapes of Australia: Music, Place And Spirituality

14083: 13955: 13818:

Biddle, Nicholas; Hunter, Boyd; Yap, Mandy; Gray, Matthew.

12993:"Aboriginal Heritage walk: Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park" 12764:"4517.0 – Prisoners in Australia, 2009: Imprisonment rates" 12518: 12083: 11884: 11882: 11418: 11416: 10894: 10831: 10550: 10522: 10520: 9998: 9899: 9260: 9212: 9064: 9062: 8996: 8867: 8424: 8376: 8145: 8004: 7994: 7992: 7497: 6731:

In 2014, another Indigenous group describing itself as the

5811: 5041:(1955) was the first Australian feature film to be shot in 3842:

See Infobox above for Distribution by state & territory

1705: 1553: 1534: 1234: 1093:

Artwork depicting the first contact that was made with the

630: 24670: 21629: 21110: 21078:

Fitzgerald, Jacqueline; Weatherburn, Don (December 2001).

20430: 20410: 20143: 20133:"Sydney Opera House – Producer, First Nations Programming" 19219: 19121:"Pilbara Rock Art not Affected by Mining Emissions: Study" 19103:"Petrol Sniffing in Remote Northern Territory Communities" 19030:"What is a Makarrata? It's more than a synonym for treaty" 18913:

Pardoe, C. (1991). "Isolation and Evolution in Tasmania".

18736:"Ken Wyatt: Australia's first indigenous cabinet minister" 16835:. Darwin: Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory. 16271:"Historian dismisses Tasmanian aboriginal genocide 'myth'" 15845:

The biggest estate on earth: how Aborigines made Australia

15297:

People of the Merri Merri: The Wurundjeri in Colonial Days

14909:

Cooper, A. (2001). "Human Origins and Ancient Human DNA".

14708:"Collections: Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander art" 14289:

Callaway, E. (2011). "First Aboriginal genome sequenced".

14046:

Conspiracy of Silence: Queensland's frontier killing times

13325: 13264: 12283: 11580: 11578: 11576: 11224: 10807: 10619: 10597: 10595: 10493: 10369: 10273: 10261: 9188: 9161: 9079: 9077: 8634: 8595: 8583: 8553: 8468: 8466: 8370: 8169: 6525:

citing insufficient community awareness for the decision.

1548:

fishermen from Indonesia before the arrival of Europeans.

22940: 21002:"Australian Aborigines in chains at Wyndham prison, 1902" 20080:

Masked corroborees of the northwest 'stand up in my head'

19958:"Spirituality and religion among Torres Strait Islanders" 19305:. Commonwealth of Australia. January 2012. Archived from 18817: 17877: 17374:

Ar̲atjara: Aboriginal Culture and Literature in Australia

17372:. In Riemenschneider, Dieter; Davis, Geoffrey V. (eds.). 16636:"Imprisonment rates of Indigenous women a national shame" 16325:. Government of Queensland. 17 March 2016. Archived from 16068:"Indigenous Populations, Mixed Discourses and Identities" 15791: 15603: 15600:"First Australian Aboriginal in House of Representatives" 15088: 14656:"Collaborating for Indigenous Rights: Freedom Ride, 1965" 13102: 12403: 12331: 11465: 11212: 11053: 10667: 10556: 10315: 9863: 9798: 9762: 9615: 9560: 9558: 9556: 9554: 9552: 9047: 8658: 8400: 8355: 8033: 8031: 7615: 7613: 7581: 7579: 6676: 6381:, who entered the Western Australian Parliament in 1980. 5867:

has been a problem among some remote communities. A 2018

5604:

To this day, the forced removal of children known as the

4959:

contains stories written in traditional languages of the

4889:

Writers coming to prominence in the 21st century include

4167:

language while Meriam Mìr is more clearly agglutinative.

3062:

In 1985, the Australian government returned ownership of

2801:

for the purpose of eradicating Aboriginal culture, under

1514: 1213:. The Aboriginal Australians also show affinity to other 1089: 842:

genocide". A woman named Trugernanner (often rendered as

19972: 19918:

Race and Ethnicity: Culture, identity and representation

19557: 17932:"Mapping the massacres of Australia's colonial frontier" 17930: 17826: 17625: 17298:(Version 1.3 ed.). Australians Together. April 2020 16259:

Hilferti, Tim (24 October 2010). "The Australian Game".

15724:

Transgressions: Critical Australian Indigenous histories

15578: 15132: 14326: 13516:"Appropriate Terminology, Indigenous Australian Peoples" 13050:. Pew Environment Group. 24 October 2012. Archived from 12249: 12247: 12245: 12218: 11951: 11935: 11933: 11879: 11703: 11413: 11089: 10882: 10517: 9827: 9575: 9573: 9426: 9230: 9059: 9025: 9023: 8706: 8547: 8457: 8277: 7989: 7890: 7459: 7315: 3801:

and in the 1954 and 1961 censuses were considered to be

1953:

the rape and forcible prostitution of Aboriginal women.

423:

children from Aboriginal communities, which was judged "

20494: 20474: 20210:

Unearthed: the Aboriginal Tasmanians of Kangaroo Island

19081: 18422:

Destiny Deacon: Walk & don't look blak Resource Kit

18243:"The Origin of the Smallpox Outbreak in Sydney in 1789" 17351:

Lawford, Elliana; Zillman, Stephanie (18 August 2016).

16301: 15197:. National Indigenous Australians Agency. December 2018 15033: 14554:

Close the Gap report – "Our Choices, Our Voices" (2019)

13607: 12206: 12200: 12188: 11721: 11637: 11573: 11567: 11401: 11368: 11344: 11332: 11308: 10797: 10795: 10793: 10727: 10631: 10592: 10568: 10538: 10384: 10359: 10357: 10303: 10078: 10076: 10046: 9952: 9950: 9107: 9074: 9008: 8794: 8792: 8742: 8463: 8157: 7443: 7441: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7433: 7431: 7429: 7379: 6942:

of 1965 and subsequent work; or Torres Strait Islander

6561: 6122:

In 2021, Australia's government, led by Prime Minister

5077:, was an award-winning historical drama from a book by 4619:

becoming globally renowned 20th-century art movements.

4220:

greater or lesser extent, and evolved over time. Major

1357:

Although it is estimated that people migrated from the

21665: 21598:"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice" 20968:. State Library of Western Australia. 23 December 2015 19539:"Roll out of OPAL fuel to help combat petrol sniffing" 19537: 18420:

Munro, Keith; McLisky, Justine, eds. (November 2004).

16423: 15394:. Canberra Australia: Australian National University. 15335:"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: Census" 14988:

Culotta, Elizabeth; Gibbons, Ann (21 September 2016).

14536:. Vol. 1, no. 56. 8 November 1828. p. 1 14138:

Thinking Faith – Online Journal of the British Jesuits

13859: 12867:"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: Census" 12512:"2021 Census - Cultural Diversity, 2021, TableBuilder" 12295: 12158: 12049: 12047: 12020: 11837:"Australia to pay reparations to 'Stolen Generations'" 11528: 11248: 11140: 10872: 10870: 9690: 9549: 9536:

The Queensland Native Mounted Police Research Database

9035: 8828: 8804: 8779: 8777: 8775: 8535: 8483: 8481: 8271: 8043: 8028: 7755: 7610: 7576: 7551: 7549: 6723:

In 2013, an Indigenous group describing itself as the

6319:, was concurrently serving as Shadow Treasurer in the 3828:(ABS) follows a set method to estimate total numbers. 3327: 3129:

became the first Indigenous Australian elected to the

504:

Being as specific as possible, for example naming the

21302: 21077: 21048:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 18 September 2018. 19767: 19558:

Rosenstock, A; Mukandi, B; Zwi, AB; Hill, PS (2013).

19054:"The people and history of the Torres Strait Islands" 17257:

Journal of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland

12975: 12915:"Aboriginal Art Online, Traditional painting methods" 12913: 12846: 12242: 12134: 12032: 11930: 11534: 11296: 11188: 10999: 10748: 10715: 10444: 10442: 10440: 10438: 10425: 10423: 10063: 10061: 10022: 9570: 9354: 9318: 9272: 9125: 9113: 9020: 8896: 8894: 8816: 8640: 8607: 8016: 7478: 7476: 7474: 7068:

Domestic violence in Australia#Indigenous Australians

6804:

following her victory in the 400 m final of the

5045:, the first to star Aboriginal actors in lead roles ( 4332:

and created textbooks in the language. However, some

21036:. Aboriginal Studies Press. 22 May 2017 – via 19891: 19321: 19200: 18303: 18035: 17353:"Timeline: From Wave Hill protest to land handbacks" 17291: 17275: 16814:. Rugby Hall of Fame. 9 October 2007. Archived from 16112:"Explainer: the evidence for the Tasmanian genocide" 15294: 14689:"Meet the Indigenous candidates vying for your vote" 14634: 14270:"History of Torres Strait to 1879 – a regional view" 13662:

Australian Electoral Commission (12 November 2020).

12728:"4510.0 – Recorded Crime – Victims, Australia, 2016" 12610:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 18 September 2018 12319: 12170: 12146: 12128: 11984: 11972: 11793: 11769: 11362: 11242: 11182: 11113: 11107: 11077: 10981: 10790: 10454: 10354: 10344: 10342: 10327: 10107: 10073: 10034: 9947: 9941: 9792: 9750: 9654: 9149: 9137: 8911: 8909: 8789: 8622: 8412: 8217: 8181: 7919: 7917: 7854: 7737: 7707: 7679: 7630: 7628: 7426: 7369: 7367: 6984: 6019:

Indigenous Australians are also over-represented as

4681:

Music and dance have formed an integral part of the

3770:

Aboriginal boys and men in front of a bush shelter,

3052:

Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976

1905:

the other islands, which became part of the British

520:), is considered best practice and most respectful. 19564:

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

19355:. Queensland University of Technology. 1 April 2015 18635:

Traditional Healers of Central Australia: Ngangkari

18631: 18264:"Rottnest Island: Black prison to white playground" 18015:. No. 118. Fitzroy, Victoria. pp. 33–34. 17934:. University of Newcastle, Australia. 5 July 2017b. 17094:. War and Genocide. Berghahn Books. pp. 79ff. 16921: 16239:Higgins, Isabella; Collard, Sarah (28 April 2020). 15755:"Mitochondrial DNA sequences in ancient Australian" 14528: 12750:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 28 November 2019 12271: 12044: 11805: 11709: 11498: 11017: 11005: 10867: 10855: 10760: 10580: 10483: 10481: 10396: 10216: 10146: 10136: 10134: 9986: 9378: 9342: 9330: 9308: 9306: 9304: 9236: 9200: 8921: 8879: 8772: 8478: 8205: 7977: 7848: 7818: 7806: 7785: 7546: 7352: 6778: 6767:negotiations have been "paused". In June 2018, the 5853:Indigenous Australians were 1.6 times as likely to 5425:, play the modern game. Well-known players include 4353:clergy such as Sydney's first Catholic archbishop, 4269:

Torres Strait Islanders § Religion and beliefs

4159:spoken on Australian territory. Both languages are 4117:, Western conversational interaction is typically " 3761: 3020:. The referendum passed with 90.77% voter support. 703:

Aboriginal Australians § Groups and sub-groups

25070:Office of the Registrar of Indigenous Corporations 21460: 20917:. State Library of South Australia. Archived from 20877: 20807: 20652:. Sydney: Commonwealth of Australia. p. 275. 19720: 19119: 18549:. Victoria, Australia. 19 November 1919. p. 3 18247:Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society 17700: 17452: 16862: 16810: 16780:"Indigenous vote decided outcome in the Territory" 15980: 15537: 15427: 15209: 15055:Davidson, Helen; Wahlquist, Calla (20 July 2017). 14946:Costa, Jedda; Dunstan, Joseph (11 December 2019). 14858:Skin Deep: Settler impressions of Aboriginal women 14272:. Torres Strait Regional Authority. Archived from 13934: 13684:"The Australian Eleven: The first Australian team" 13498: 13224: 13138: 12930: 12895:"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population" 12594:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 17 October 2018 12349: 12307: 12110: 12071: 12008: 11996: 11918: 11817: 11781: 11691: 11510: 11272: 11266: 11206: 11164: 11152: 11041: 10951: 10819: 10784: 10709: 10679: 10655: 10643: 10435: 10420: 10192: 10119: 10058: 10016: 9839: 9744: 9672: 9480: 9366: 9248: 8933: 8891: 8760: 8517: 8301: 8289: 8229: 8115: 7929: 7884: 7836: 7673: 7640: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7530: 7471: 6546:from the gathering of 250 Indigenous leaders. The 4776:Torres Strait Islander people, singing and dancing 4542:in Western Australia was heritage listed in 2007. 3890: 3033:before British settlement, and that no concept of 3027:, Justice Blackburn ruled that Australia had been 745:, and neighbouring parts of Western Australia and 40:Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders 22721: 21277:Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 20795: 20468:Brewarrina Aboriginal fisheries conservation plan 20336: 20012: 19877:. Australian Government. National Oceans Office. 18751:Offer, Marnie Banger and Kaitlyn (21 June 2018). 17116:. Australia: ABC. 14 October 2003. Archived from 16882: 16866:. Festival de Cannes. 22 May 2011. Archived from 16658: 16345:. Central Land Council, Australia. Archived from 16214: 15228: 15054: 13954: 13820:"Eight ways we can improve Indigenous employment" 13730:. australia.gov.au. 20 April 2016. Archived from 13664:"Electoral milestones for Indigenous Australians" 13641: 13188: 13164: 13048:"Aboriginal Stewardship Models Brought to Canada" 12626:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 31 August 2018 12510: 12468:"1370.0 – Measures of Australia's Progress, 2004" 12259: 12059: 11745: 11673: 11486: 11428: 11071: 10963: 10933: 10766: 10339: 10246: 10204: 9974: 9917: 9851: 9714: 9708: 9633: 9512: 9095: 8945: 8906: 8718: 8511: 8436: 8247: 8121: 8103: 7965: 7959: 7947: 7914: 7902: 7625: 7515: 7462:"Demonstrating inclusive and respectful language" 7396: 7394: 7364: 7053:Australian outback literature of the 20th century 6438: 5770:and other illnesses than the general population. 5735:, lack of education or employment (and therefore 5679:strategy, created in 2008 and coordinated by the 4384:mission led by Rev. Samuel Macfarlane arrived on 4371: 4124: 3397: 3309:in Canberra. On 13 February 2008, Prime Minister 1959:In 1834 there occurred the first recorded use of 720:of which can have alternative English spellings. 16:The two groups of indigenous peoples of Australia 25766: 20382: 19785:"Australia needs to own up to its slave history" 19746: 19348: 19182:"Preserving Indigenous culture through language" 19147: 18596:"New map records massacres of Aboriginal people" 18326:"The Tiwi and the British: an ill-fated outpost" 18005:McCallum, Kerry; Waller, Lisa (June–July 2012). 16382:Hobbs, Harry; Williams, George (16 April 2018). 16341: 16277:(Transcript). ABC Local Radio. 12 December 2002. 15803: 15299:. Merri Creek Management Committee. p. 45. 15274: 14366:. Australian National University. Archived from 13988: 13726: 13484:. North Melbourne: Spinifex Press. p. 424. 13373:National Indigenous Languages Survey Report 2005 12869:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 28 June 2022. 12385: 12373: 12230: 11906: 11894: 11661: 11602: 11596: 11326: 11290: 11029: 10613: 10505: 10478: 10291: 10279: 10228: 10131: 9893: 9301: 8861: 8724: 8565: 8313: 8055: 7872: 7794: 6445:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission 4947:has written both fiction and non-fiction works. 4108: 3223:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission 2184: 1075:List of Indigenous Australian historical figures 543:, proudly embraced the term "Black", and writer 457:, it was proclaimed a flag of Australia in 1995. 374:. Technologies for warfare and hunting like the 21413:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 20446: 20398:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 4 April 2023 20135:. Media RING. 21 September 2018. Archived from 19696: 19604:Population Issues, Indigenous Australians, 1996 19367: 18541:"National Park visitors search kitchen middens" 18377: 18289:"Mills dumped as Giles takes top Territory job" 17160:"Australia has a history of Aboriginal slavery" 16902: 16545:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 16269: 15869: 15789:G. J. Adcock; E. S. Dennis; S. Esteal [ 15726:. Aboriginal History Monographs. Vol. 16. 15647:"Five Fast Facts – The Aboriginal Tent Embassy" 15645: 14710:. National Gallery of Australia. Archived from 14654: 14636:"Collaborating for Indigenous Rights 1957–1973" 13984:(in German). Gleiwitz, Germany: Gustav Neumann. 13817: 13748:"Australians Together | The Stolen Generations" 13271:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 12875:"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples" 12542:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 28 June 2017 11764:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2006 11655: 10927: 10915: 10849: 10472: 9821: 9726: 9645: 9291: 9289: 9287: 8493: 8430: 8151: 8010: 7527: 4756:is helping preserve some Indigenous languages. 3259:, and the final report delivered in 1997 – the 25557:Northern Territory National Emergency Response 25060:National Congress of Australia's First Peoples 21500:(Report). NSW Department of Health. May 2004. 21246:. New York: Berghahn Books. pp. 174–193. 20554: 20228:Terzon, Emilia; Robinson, Paul (15 May 2018). 20227: 18984:Dark Emu; Black Seeds: Agriculture or Accident 18967:. Aboriginal Studies Press. pp. 182–185. 18870: 18846: 18669: 18004: 17985: 17400:Lipson, Mark; Reich, David (10 January 2017). 17350: 17038: 16790: 16778: 16726:. National Gallery of Victoria. Archived from 16238: 15449: 15428:Evans, Raymond; Ørsted-Jensen, Robert (2014). 15295:Ellender, Isabel; Christiansen, Peter (2001). 14987: 14843:(12). Australasian Legal Information Institute 14638:. National Museum of Australia. Archived from 14389:Get Real: Documentary Theatre Past and Present 13981:Australien in 142 Photographischen Abbildungen 13706: 13577: 12494:. Australia: ABC. 3 March 2008. Archived from 12364: 12101: 12089: 11963: 10903: 10837: 10697: 10164: 10004: 9905: 9396: 9266: 9218: 9179: 9002: 8559: 7570: 7391: 7340: 7278:For a discussion of the recommendations, see: 7089:List of laws concerning Indigenous Australians 6473:In October 2007, just before the calling of a 5321:Theatre of Australia § Indigenous theatre 3334:Northern Territory National Emergency Response 3210:desert-dwelling life were tracked down in the 3082:to be invalid and confirming the existence of 2892:Northern Territory Special Reconnaissance Unit 2055: 1945:. A fourth theory is that the epidemic was of 1695: 25634: 25045:Australian Aboriginal Progressive Association 24656: 24394: 23727: 23477: 22707: 21733: 21376:Journal of the Ethnological Society of London 21130:Olson, Emily; Marsh, Peter (23 August 2007). 20352: 19993: 19610:. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics. 17460:. Vol. 9. September 1997. Archived from 16408:The Australian Journal of Media & Culture 16381: 16065: 15813:Colin Groves. "Lake Mungo 3 and his DNA". In 14831:"Who is an 'Aboriginal Person'?: Shaw v Wolf" 13840:"Aboriginal identity goes beyond skin colour" 13764:"Australia's Megafauna Coexisted with Humans" 13370: 13214:"A Century of Population Change in Australia" 12622: 12289: 11620: 11396:Australians Together: Indigenous disadvantage 11230: 10969: 10625: 10499: 10378: 9875: 8406: 4991:Indigenous Australians in the performing arts 3367:, the Opposition and Indigenous leaders like 2973:(Gurindji strike) of Indigenous employees of 2845:Aboriginal women carrying a child wrapped in 2760: 1409:were made out of bark for use on the Murray. 337:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples 262:Torres Strait Islander religion and mythology 25112: 21610:"Australian Database of Indigenous Violence" 21241: 20274:"Timeline: 1960–69: 1967, 27 May referendum" 19769:"Sequencing Uncovers a 9,000 Mile Walkabout" 19369:"Reconciliation and other Indigenous Issues" 18576:"The new corroboree – Music – Entertainment" 18419: 17573:Kim, Sharnie; Stephen, Adam (18 June 2020). 17496:"Wyatt to challenge for WA Labor leadership" 15975: 15917: 15821: 15812: 15697: 15069: 15020: 14945: 14387:. In Forsyth, Alison; Megson, Chris (eds.). 14333:Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 14229:Aboriginal Australians: A History Since 1788 14062: 14019:. Melbourne: Government Printer. p. 17. 13728:"Australian Indigenous tools and technology" 13661: 12873: 12590: 12520:"2021 Census overcount and undercount, 2021" 12337: 11218: 10673: 10562: 9869: 9809: 9774: 9768: 9621: 9432: 9284: 8755:National Heritage Places – Budj Bim National 7896: 7750:Flinders University: Appropriate Terminology 7661: 7385: 7203:and "others", by M. D. Prentis for his book 6720:, in favour of the concept of native title. 6389:) in 2001, and the first woman minister was 6243:Section 127 of the Constitution of Australia 4771:is an acclaimed contemporary dance company. 4644: 4566:; and the complex figurative style found in 4206:Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology 3812:in 1978 which contains elements of descent, 1113:of sediments surrounding stone artefacts at 304:of the mainland and many islands, including 256:Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology 21188:"Tribal Boundaries in Aboriginal Australia" 20241:. Cambridge University Press. p. 153. 19627:"Arthur Phillip: 1788. The Foundation Year" 17770:"A genomic history of Aboriginal Australia" 17399: 17376:. Amsterdam; Atlanta, GA: Editions Rodopi. 17018: 16361: 16179: 16048:"Yolngu are People 2: They're not Clip Art" 15936:"One policy, two camps – the takeover rift" 14896: 14670: 14453: 14048:. Sydney: Allen and Unwin. pp. 1–208. 13403: 12806: 12466: 12454: 12224: 11888: 11422: 11095: 10888: 10526: 9930:Australians Together: Mabo and Native title 9833: 9463:First encounters and frontier conflict 2015 8963: 8472: 8260:Aboriginal Australian Art & Culture n.d 8163: 7767: 6796:surrounded by world media and carrying the 6218: 6151:It has been suggested that this section be 6118:Efforts towards recognition and reparations 5016:Category:Films about Aboriginal Australians 4984:It has been suggested that this section be 3861:, and a further 26,767 both Aboriginal and 2066:List of massacres of Indigenous Australians 1777:of British ships was commanded by Governor 1525:, gunyah, or wurley. Clothing included the 1493:. Shelters varied regionally, and included 1432:, and is now in the Mildura Visitor Centre. 1389:Aboriginal people in some regions lived as 785:. The largest Aboriginal communities – the 261: 27:. For the whole Australian population, see 25641: 25627: 25152:South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council 25137:Metropolitan Local Aboriginal Land Council 24663: 24649: 24401: 24387: 23734: 23720: 23484: 23470: 22714: 22700: 21740: 21726: 21466:"The extinction of the Australian pygmies" 21129: 21059:Australian Blak History Month for Teachers 20852: 20815:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 20594: 20131: 20112:"ABC series The Straits begins production" 19686:"Colonial Frontier Massacres in Australia" 19508: 18942:Pardoe, C. (2006). "Becoming Australian". 18539: 18087:Memoirs of the Queensland Museum – Culture 17572: 17173:"Aboriginal Christians & Christianity" 16283:"Historic day for new indigenous minister" 15959:Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert 15505: 15480:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 15375:"Ethnologue report for language code: ulk" 15373: 14746:. The Centre for 21st Century Humanities, 14726: 14592: 14405: 14267: 13974: 13920:. South Melbourne: Macmillan. p. 75. 13682: 13248:. Government of Queensland. Archived from 13068:"Aboriginal, Indigenous or First Nations?" 12977:"Aboriginal culture one of world's oldest" 12826: 12786: 12726: 12606: 12566: 12538: 12442: 12212: 11727: 11643: 11584: 11407: 11374: 11350: 11314: 10637: 10601: 10574: 10052: 9506: 9083: 9014: 8979:Cook's Journal: Description of New Holland 8846: 8049: 8037: 7761: 7585: 7292: 7099:Repatriation and reburial of human remains 6001:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 5490:became the world number-one ranked female 5081:, about the tragic story of an Aboriginal 4422:Indigenous Australians § Blak culture 4360:A small minority of Aboriginal people are 3831: 3305:In 2001, the Federal Government dedicated 3078:, declaring the previous legal concept of 2767: 2753: 1364: 856: 65:Population distribution by state/territory 23741: 21443: 21433: 21344: 20778: 20666: 20514: 20466:Vines, Gary; Hope, Jeannette (May 1994). 20465: 20189: 20171: 20161: 19583: 19253: 18463:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 18118:"Chickenpox blamed for Aboriginal deaths" 18098: 18061: 17986:Maynard, John; Haskins, Victoria (2016). 17913: 17903: 17860: 17801: 17698: 17677: 17541:. Australian War Memorial. Archived from 17435: 17417: 17135:"Aboriginal history timeline (1770–1899)" 17089: 17039:Kennedy, Brian; Kennedy, Barbara (1992). 16980: 16849: 16766:. Australians Together. 16 September 2020 16574: 16564: 16499: 16343:"The History of the Central Land Council" 16305:. Blackwell Public School. Archived from 16281: 15890: 15870:Gardiner-Garden, John (5 December 2000). 15847:. Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin. 15500:Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) 15317:. Australian War Memorial. Archived from 14503: 14344: 13632:Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) 13500:"Appeal for Justice: Dhakiyarr Wirrpanda" 13353: 13343: 13308: 13290: 13126:. National Museum Australia. 30 June 2021 13066: 12995:. NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service 12881:. Australian Government. 6 September 2021 12301: 12164: 12026: 11627:University of New South Wales Law Journal 11254: 11146: 9167: 8873: 8834: 8810: 8200:AHRC: Nulungu Reconciliation Lecture 2014 7726:Aborigine: Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 7447: 7195:Statistics compiled by Ørsted-Jensen for 6695:About 22% of land in Northern Australia ( 6229:List of Indigenous Australian politicians 6044:report. This suggested, based largely on 5957:Aboriginal Centre for the Performing Arts 5731:Social and cultural determinants such as 5012:Category:Indigenous Australian mass media 4819:Aboriginal lawyer, activist and essayist 4767:teaches acting, music and dance, and the 4761:Aboriginal Centre for the Performing Arts 4262: 3295:apology to Australia's Indigenous peoples 1079: 699:List of Australian Aboriginal group names 25755:Indigenous peoples by geographic regions 23491: 21117:. Bininj Kunwok Regional Language Centre 20839: 20803:. Government of Australia. 12 July 2013. 20340:. Torres Strait Council Regional Council 19782: 19758: 19482: 19463: 19419: 18753:"Victoria passes Aboriginal treaty bill" 18734:Nunn, Gary; Mao, Frances (28 May 2019). 18671:"Noel Pearson's statement on Kevin Rudd" 18594: 18561: 18346:"Sir Walter Baldwin Spencer (1860–1929)" 18343: 18287: 18261: 18080: 17964:Children and War: A Historical Anthology 17607:Australasian Legal Information Institute 17513: 17330: 16941: 16682: 16442: 16258: 16099:"'Are there Black people in Australia?'" 15893:Australia and the origins of agriculture 15620:"First encounters and frontier conflict" 15580:"First Aboriginal politician in NT dies" 14965:"A body in the bush or an urban legend?" 14962: 14391:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 122–138. 14305: 14288: 14251:Brown, Peter James (18 November 2015) . 14063:Bowern, Claire; Harold, K, eds. (2004). 14009: 13896: 13431:"Piltawodli Native Location (1838–1845)" 13406:"The Saltwater People – a picture essay" 13404:Allmon, Ben; Kelly, David (5 May 2018). 13122: 12955: 12514:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2021. 12253: 12140: 12038: 11939: 11540: 11454:Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet 2019 11338: 11302: 11194: 10813: 10309: 10102:Australians Together: Stolen Generations 10028: 9591: 9474: 9411: 9360: 9324: 9278: 9119: 8646: 8223: 8187: 7860: 7713: 7685: 7358: 6811: 6788: 6418:Chief Minister of the Northern Territory 6340:Chief Minister of the Northern Territory 5447: 5335: 4733:in Aboriginal culture, overlapping with 4672: 4666:player Ŋalkan Munuŋgurr performing with 4658: 4396: 4178: 4135:There are three languages spoken in the 3765: 3321:on behalf of the Australian Government. 3313:reversed Howard's decision and issued a 3282:in consultation with Aboriginal Senator 2930: 2906: 2840: 2081: 2069: 2038: 1995: 1788: 1728: 1411: 1373: 1352: 1247: 1205:, and are most closely related to other 1088: 866: 810: 727:Clan-head of the Kirræ Wuurong peoples, 722: 680: 658: 440: 24874:National Indigenous Human Rights Awards 24746:People from politics and public service 24408: 21529: 20797:"Yirrkala Bark Petitions – 50 Years On" 20638: 20595:Wellington, Shahni (13 November 2019). 20476:"Voice Co-Design Senior Advisory Group" 20371: 20292: 20255: 20236: 20083:(PhD). Australian National University. 20064: 19934: 19915: 19637: 19027: 18898:Aboriginal Australian Art & Culture 18733: 18574: 18359:"Pope John Paul II's Indigenous legacy" 18356: 18201: 18160: 18135: 18115: 17367: 16830: 16702: 16096: 16009: 15987:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 15953: 15842: 15701:More or less: democracy & new media 15514: 15508:"Kids play "kick to kick" −1850s style" 15506:Farnsworth, Sarah (21 September 2007). 15257: 14875:Convery, Stephanie (15 December 2021). 14874: 14828: 14784: 14761: 14686: 14361: 14131: 14043: 13915: 13536: 13479: 13104:"Aborigine stitches up role as surgeon" 12325: 12176: 12152: 11990: 11978: 11799: 11775: 11131: 11119: 11083: 10987: 10801: 10733: 10414: 10390: 10363: 10333: 10321: 10113: 10082: 10040: 9956: 9756: 9660: 9595: 9155: 9143: 8822: 8798: 8487: 8211: 8175: 8022: 7824: 7812: 7555: 7482: 7183: 6930:was appointed Governor of the State of 6406:Northern Territory Legislative Assembly 6387:Western Australian Legislative Assembly 5900:National Sorry Day § Close the Gap 5325: 5161:was filmed entirely in dialects of the 4807:, the first Aboriginal published author 4347: 4032: 3041:, in 1975 the federal government under 2135: 2047:'s "Australia's coloured minority" book 1719: 1521:. A bark tent or lean-to is known as a 1449:Along the northern coast of Australia, 907:in the Torres Strait, which the famous 830:are thought to have first crossed into 370:, and possibly the introduction of the 25767: 24672:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders 21747: 21369: 21267: 21220: 21193:. Australian National University Press 21163: 20855:"Aboriginal languages deserve revival" 20767:Human Population Genetics and Genomics 20736: 20647: 20615:Wild, Rex; Anderson, Patricia (2007). 20206: 19690:The Centre for 21st Century Humanities 19468:. Sydney: NewSouth. pp. 121–134. 19443: 19000: 18981: 18962: 18941: 18912: 18693: 18610: 18497: 18451: 18323: 18270: 18042:The American Journal of Human Genetics 17960: 17938: 17717: 17557: 17390: 17210: 17190: 17170: 17157: 17132: 16961:The American Journal of Human Genetics 16942:Karvelas, Patricia (20 January 2012). 16812:"The International Rugby Hall of Fame" 16764:"Indigenous disadvantage in Australia" 16744:"Indigenous Coordination Centre (ICC)" 16742: 16516: 16479: 16459: 16159: 16142: 16122: 16109: 16066:Greg Gardiner, Eleanor Bourke (2002). 16045: 15933: 15021:Darian-Smith, Kate (26 January 2017). 14908: 14855: 14808: 14706: 14431:The Centre for 21st Century Humanities 14222: 14023: 13797: 12554: 12277: 12053: 11811: 11715: 11504: 11059: 11023: 11011: 10876: 10861: 10586: 10222: 10152: 9992: 9696: 9607: 9579: 9564: 9498: 9384: 9348: 9336: 9242: 9231:Spooner, Firman & Yalmambirra 2013 9206: 9194: 9041: 9029: 8927: 8885: 8783: 8523: 8382: 8307: 8295: 8235: 7998: 7983: 7935: 7646: 7619: 7373: 7266: 7148: 6735:declared independence from Australia. 6677:Native title, sovereignty and treaties 6493:initially supported the idea; however 5916:(standardised school testing) measures 5877:National Indigenous Australians Agency 5857:than non-Indigenous people in 2012–3. 5681:National Indigenous Australians Agency 5649:and lack of political representation. 5588: 5573:in Australian rules football, and the 5053:), and the first to be entered at the 4966: 4957:Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages 4549:in Australia is comparable to that of 4194: 3035:native title existed in Australian law 2888:Torres Strait Light Infantry Battalion 612:. For Deacon's 2004 exhibition at the 25622: 24644: 24382: 23715: 23465: 22869:"yaqona" (Fiji), or "sakau" (Pohnpei) 22695: 21721: 21270:"Aboriginal people and granite domes" 21132:"Kava ban 'sparks black market boom'" 20853:Zuckermann, Ghilad (26 August 2009). 20751: 20574: 20534: 20323: 20109: 19920:. London: Routledge. pp. 33–34. 19624: 19383: 19180: 19167: 19101: 18871:O'Sullivan, Dominic (20 March 2017). 18770: 18750: 18656: 18438: 18393: 18184:"What's wrong with this street sign?" 18181: 17755:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 17746: 17493: 17476: 17230: 16997: 16462:"AIATSIS map of Indigenous Australia" 16401: 16199: 16147:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation 16026: 15832: 15823: 15814: 15805: 15796: 15752: 15721: 15671: 15557: 15408: 15389: 15173: 15152: 15134:"Disproportionate incarceration rate" 15123: 15101:"Defence, Discrimination and Regrets" 15007: 14454:Chrysanthos, Natassia (26 May 2019). 14382: 14250: 14150:"Bringing them home education module" 14134:"The History of Apologies Down Under" 13449: 13428: 12774:from the original on 19 February 2011 12422: 12313: 12116: 12077: 12014: 12002: 11924: 11823: 11787: 11516: 11278: 11170: 11158: 11047: 10825: 10721: 10685: 10661: 10649: 10198: 10125: 10067: 9969:Civics and Citizenship Education 2005 9845: 9502: 9486: 9372: 9254: 9053: 8939: 8900: 8766: 8442: 8418: 8283: 8127: 7971: 7923: 7908: 7698:Bringing them Home: "Chapter 13" 1997 7634: 7521: 6855:became a painter, and actors such as 6195:collects 1800 signatures to petition 6155:out into another article titled 6008:, but within communities as a whole. 4988:out into another article titled 4281: 3241:Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation 3206:people who were living a traditional 3192:at the Games. In 2019, tennis player 2808: 1172:Aboriginal Australians § Origins 1084: 1071:Aboriginal Australians § Origins 516:relating to geographic area (such as 24854:Literature of Indigenous Australians 24609:For other topics including Oceanian 23002:French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands 21551: 20760: 20691: 20667:Wiltshire, Kelly (27 October 2017). 20496:"A voice for Indigenous Australians" 20307:Australian National University Press 20272: 20032: 19956: 19683: 19657: 19600: 19270: 18797: 18262:Melville, Kirsti (25 October 2016). 18240: 17749:"Treasure Trove: Bennelong's letter" 17713:from the original on 15 August 2022. 17601: 17250: 17063:"UN rapporteur raps NT intervention" 17061:Kirk, Alexandra (24 February 2010). 17060: 17000:"From Little Things Big Things Grow" 16684:"Indigenous Australian ethnic group" 16634: 16614: 16591: 16014:. Canberra: Parliament of Australian 15189: 14963:Cronshaw, Damon (23 February 2018). 14552: 14447:"Chapter 13. Grounds for Reparation" 14427:"Centre For 21st Century Humanities" 13837: 13784: 13098:. Merriam-Webster. 27 February 2024. 12991: 12937:. Lonely Planet Publications. 2001. 12893: 12762: 12702: 12682: 12658: 12456:"1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 2005" 12444:"1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 2002" 12265: 12065: 11751: 11740:Ampe Akelyernemane Meke Mekarle 2007 11679: 11492: 11481:ABS 3302.0.55.003 – Life Tables 2009 11434: 10939: 10772: 10460: 10448: 10429: 10402: 10348: 10210: 10182:Northern Territory Consolidated Acts 9980: 9857: 9720: 9518: 9131: 9068: 8951: 8915: 8571: 8319: 8061: 7800: 7406: 7279: 7160: 7084:List of Indigenous Australian firsts 6926:), Aboriginal rights campaigner Sir 6738:Unlike in other parts of the former 6562:2019: Indigenous voice to government 6373:has had an Aboriginal Governor, Sir 6137: 4970: 4538:are between 5000 and 200 years old. 4187:by 19th century Indigenous activist 4047:Australian Aboriginal sign languages 3289:On 13 February 2008, Prime Minister 3097:as a Senator for Queensland for the 2902: 2803:acts of their respective parliaments 1369: 654: 21703:Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet 21682:Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet 21227:. I. B. Tauris. p. 344 n.105. 21159:from the original on 11 April 2020. 20761:Yang, Melinda A. (6 January 2022). 20394: 20068:Masked Corroborees of the Northwest 20014:"The spread of people to Australia" 19995:"The spread of people to Australia" 19301: 19052: 18803:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 18700:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 18562:Neubauer, Ian Lloyd (30 May 2013). 17310: 17108: 17071:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 17047: 16620:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 16517:Howden, Saffron (2 November 2015). 16321: 16224:Barani: Sydney's Aboriginal History 16143:Hawley, Samantha (28 August 2009). 16110:Harman, Kristyn (17 January 2018). 15598: 15353: 15333: 15258:Dunstan, Joseph (5 November 2019). 15124:Moses, A. Dirk (1 September 2017). 15099: 14572: 14255:. peterbrown-palaeoanthropology.net 14132:Brennan, Frank (21 February 2008). 13772:. University of Sydney. 31 May 2005 13762: 13537:Arcioni, Elisa (1 September 2012). 13212: 13046: 13030: 12983:. 23 September 2011. Archived from 12929: 12865: 12746: 12486: 12391: 12379: 12236: 11912: 11900: 11667: 11608: 11035: 10511: 10487: 10297: 10285: 10234: 10140: 9685:Bringing them home education module 9451:Colonial frontier massacres – C21CH 9312: 8730: 8499: 8079:Places – Torres Strait Islands 2005 7540: 7400: 7346: 7043:Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet 7028:Aboriginal sites of New South Wales 6687:Aboriginal land rights in Australia 6578:Minister for Indigenous Australians 6487:1999 Australian republic referendum 6313:Australian House of Representatives 6133: 5838:, the use of illegal drugs such as 4698:, who recorded Aboriginal music in 3577: 3328:Emergency Response/Stronger Futures 3174:Australia national rugby union team 3147:Australian House of Representatives 3131:Australian House of Representatives 2944:Indigenous land rights in Australia 2418:United Nations Declaration (UNDRIP) 757:(or Koorie) in New South Wales and 585: 547:'s book from the time was entitled 13: 25035:Aborigines Progressive Association 23948:Austral Islands (French Polynesia) 21602:Australian Human Rights Commission 21153:Australian Human Rights Commission 21014:"Chapter 10: Indigenous education" 20901: 20810:Youth justice in Australia 2016–17 20555:Warren, Christopher (March 2014). 20515:Wahlquist, Calla (30 April 2018). 20434:. Australian Parliamentary Library 20038:Australian Human Rights Commission 19783:Simmonds, Alecia (28 April 2015). 19684:Ryan, Lyndall (30 December 2021). 19631:Australian Dictionary of Biography 18719:Australian Human Rights Commission 18677:. 23 November 2007. Archived from 18350:Australian Dictionary of Biography 17699:Maddox, Garry; AAP (29 May 2006). 17692:10.1002/j.1834-4453.1986.tb00126.x 17539:"Indigenous Australian servicemen" 17536: 16850:Jeuniewic, Lexie (11 April 2022). 16688:2018 Census ethnic group summaries 16640:Australian Human Rights Commission 16363:"History of the Didgeridoo Yidaki" 16200:Heath, Jeffrey G. (20 June 2017). 16097:Guantai, Natasha (10 March 2015). 15774:10.1002/j.1834-4453.2001.tb00490.x 15458:Australian Human Rights Commission 15089:"Death forms undermine promises". 15048:10.1002/j.1834-4453.2004.tb00564.x 14902:Australian Dictionary of Biography 14809:Condon, Matthew (7 October 2011). 14558:Australian Human Rights Commission 14154:Australian Human Rights Commission 13791:Australian Dictionary of Biography 13140:"Aborigines want remains returned" 9732: 7038:Australian Aboriginal sacred sites 6753:South West Native Title Settlement 6208:Aborigines Progressive Association 6071: 6054:Australian Human Rights Commission 5821: 5773: 5593: 5195:actors. The documentary TV series 4506:Torres Strait Islanders § Art 4364:as a result of intermarriage with 3419:was ultimately abandoned in 2013. 3188:in Sydney, and went on to win the 2987:From Little Things Big Things Grow 2894:, which were established to guard 1477:, spears (sometimes thrown with a 1461:In terms of aquaculture, explorer 1101:and his crew on the shores of the 1003: 649: 14: 25791: 21566: 21108: 20575:Welch, Dylan (13 February 2008). 20418:from the original on 6 March 2019 19722:"Saltwater people, saltwater art" 19638:Rurenga, Declan (9 August 2017). 19391:. 19 January 2012. Archived from 18452:Murphy, Sean (17 November 2017). 18357:Mundine, Graeme (17 April 2005). 18182:McMah, Lauren (2 February 2016). 17990:. National Library of Australia. 17560:"Pila Nguru: The Spinifex People" 17331:Latimore, Jack (30 August 2021). 17019:Kelsey-Sugg, Anna (6 July 2022). 16365:. Aboriginal Arts. Archived from 16202:"Australian Aboriginal languages" 16160:Haydar, Nour (7 September 2021). 16073:. People and Place Volume 8 No 2 15961:. Allen Lane, The Penguin Press. 13506:. 20 October 2004. Archived from 7460:Reconciliation Australia (2021). 6867:became well known. Bands such as 5685:Council of Australian Governments 4854:Legendary Tales of the Aborigines 4466:artist Glen Namundja painting at 4421: 4336:taught only in English, and some 4174: 3228: 2866:1934 saw the first appeal to the 1805:British colonisation of Australia 1537:(pearl shells) in the northeast. 1057:History of Indigenous Australians 629:to "de-weaponise the term 'black 25732: 25717: 25702: 25687: 25672: 23402:World Invitational Hula Festival 21034:"IMAGE: Indigenous language map" 20641:Proceedings of the Royal Society 20432:"Uluru Statement: a quick guide" 20412:"Uluru Statement from the Heart" 20324:Torre, Giovanni (6 March 2022). 19759:Sentance, Nathan (26 May 2020). 19188:from the original on 5 July 2011 19168:Pratt, Angela (11 August 2003). 19129:"Places – Torres Strait Islands" 19040:from the original on 5 June 2019 19028:Pearson, Luke (10 August 2017). 18715:"Nulungu Reconciliation Lecture" 18499:National Drug Strategy 2017–2026 17293:"Language and Terminology Guide" 17211:Korff, Jens (3 December 2021a). 17133:Korff, Jens (21 January 2018a). 16998:Kelly, Paul (1 September 2010). 16722: 16181:"Healthy People Healthy Country" 16010:Gobbett, Hannah (11 July 2017). 15934:Gibson, Joel (27 October 2007). 15539:"Festival de Cannes: Ten Canoes" 15494: 14975:from the original on 30 May 2019 13643:"Australian Aboriginal cultures" 13625: 13435:German missionaries in Australia 13015:. Museum of Australian Democracy 13007: 12664:Australian Law Reform Commission 11854: 11829: 11614: 11363:Ellender & Christiansen 2001 10975: 10551:ABS: Census over/undercount 2021 10170: 9881: 9524: 8984: 8972: 7321: 7308: 7298: 7285: 7272: 7258: 7238: 7210: 7189: 7176: 7001: 6987: 6779:Prominent Indigenous Australians 6691:Indigenous treaties in Australia 6532:, and Leader of the Opposition, 6301:2010 Australian Federal Election 6142: 5994:Indigenous Australians and crime 5785: 4975: 4812: 4797: 4789:Indigenous Australian literature 4476: 4456: 4435: 4302:Hermannsburg, Northern Territory 4015: 4002: 3989: 3976: 3963: 3951: 3939: 3926: 3914: 3902: 3762:Inclusion in the national Census 3747: 3733: 3719: 3705: 3149:. She was immediately appointed 3105:was established on the steps of 3070:Aboriginal people. In 1992, the 2208: 1784: 1724: 1180: 991: 979: 967: 955: 943: 931: 919: 25775:Indigenous peoples of Australia 25373:Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976 22922:Australian Aboriginal astronomy 21016:. MCEETYA. 2004. Archived from 20110:Swift, Brendan (14 June 2011). 19935:Spinney, Angela (4 July 2016). 19427:. 2 August 2019. Archived from 19153:Australian Bureau of Statistics 18840:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.07.022 18100:10.17082/j.2205-3239.10.2016-02 17747:Maher, Louise (8 August 2013). 17702:"Canoes set Cannes jury afloat" 17406:Molecular Biology and Evolution 17316:Australian Bureau of Statistics 17002:. paulkelly.com. Archived from 16123:Harper, Fiona (15 March 2017). 15921:. Kooriweb.org. 26 January 1938 15626: 15517:"Chapter 1. Research Framework" 15359:Australian Bureau of Statistics 15339:Australian Bureau of Statistics 15313: 14860:. University of WA Publishing. 14425: 14411:Australian Bureau of Statistics 14024:Boehme, Jacob (24 April 2017). 14010:Bleakley, John William (1929). 13668:Australian Electoral Commission 13613:Australian Bureau of Statistics 13532:– via ipswich.gld.gov.au. 13521:. General Information Folio 5. 13244: 13218:Australian Bureau of Statistics 13038:. 7 August 2012. Archived from 12899:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12832:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12812:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12792:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12768:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12732:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12710:. 12 July 2005b. Archived from 12708:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12644:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12576:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12560:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12524:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12488:"2020 Summiteer Dr Kelvin Kong" 12472:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12460:Australian Bureau of Statistics 12448:Australian Bureau of Statistics 9780: 9438: 9295: 7773: 7591: 7419:Australian Bureau of Statistics 7166: 7154: 7141: 7132: 7122: 6785:Lists of Indigenous Australians 6457:Indigenous Coordination Centres 5930:and have lower completion rates 5855:abstain completely from alcohol 5556:National Basketball Association 4909:; playwright and comedy writer 4545:In terms of age and abundance, 4532:Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park 4101:, the name comes from the word 4043:Australian Aboriginal languages 3891:Indigenous Australians by state 3826:Australian Bureau of Statistics 3690: 3300: 3184:at the opening ceremony of the 3176:. In 2000, Aboriginal sprinter 2836:Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902 1737:'s illustrator Sidney Parkinson 1509:sheets and raised platforms in 1294:Aboriginal Australian men have 1223:Ancient Ancestral South Indians 1039:, (the latter referring to the 828:Tasmanian Aboriginal population 685:Men and boys playing a game of 220:Australian Aboriginal languages 25585:Uluru Statement from the Heart 25002:Torres Strait Island languages 24429:Federated States of Micronesia 24312:Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi) 24003:Federated States of Micronesia 23762:Federated States of Micronesia 23512:Federated States of Micronesia 23007:Federated States of Micronesia 20840:Zaunmayr, Tom (23 July 2022). 18963:Pascoe, Bruce (1 April 2007). 18864:Australian National University 18271:Mercer, Phil (31 March 2003). 18161:McKenna, Mark (4 April 2000). 18136:McIlroy, Tom (19 April 2015). 18116:McIlroy, Tom (8 August 2013). 18081:McGregor, R. (December 2016). 17720:The Journal of British Studies 17558:Loxley, Anne (3 August 2002). 17477:Lloyd, Brian (18 March 2009). 17233:"Domestic and family violence" 17171:Korff, Jens (29 April 2019b). 16660:"Indigenous Australia: Family" 16443:Horn, Allyson (24 June 2019). 16046:Graves, Randin (2 June 2017). 15983:The Life and Death of Smallpox 15413:. Cambridge University Press. 15179:National Archives of Australia 15159:. Cambridge University Press. 15156:The Rise and Fall of Languages 14730:. National Museum of Australia 14674:. National Museum of Australia 14658:. National Museum of Australia 14456:"What is the Uluru statement?" 14312:. Carlton, Vic: Melbourne UP. 13787:"Dampier, William (1651–1715)" 13504:National Archives of Australia 13246:"About the reparations scheme" 13096:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 12666:. 28 July 2010. Archived from 10274:Uluru Statement: a quick guide 10262:Uluru Statement from the Heart 8993:; National Museum of Australia 8991:Cook's Journal: 29 April, 1770 8981:; National Museum of Australia 7674:Evans & Ørsted-Jensen 2014 7453: 6568:Indigenous voice to government 6539:Uluru Statement from the Heart 6439:Federal government initiatives 6225:Uluru Statement from the Heart 6158:Indigenous Australian politics 5727:Indigenous health in Australia 5571:Indigenous Team of the Century 4372:Torres Strait Islander peoples 4251:Traditional healers (known as 4131:Torres Strait Island languages 4125:Torres Strait Island languages 3838:Australian Aboriginal identity 3597:Australian Aboriginal identity 3425:Uluru Statement from the Heart 3398:Constitutional change proposed 1807:began with the arrival of the 530:Australian Aboriginal identity 524:Terms "Black" and "Blackfella" 436: 60:3.2% of Australia's population 1: 25050:Australian Aborigines' League 25030:Aborigines Advancement League 24947:Australian Aboriginal English 22723:Culture of indigenous Oceania 21207:National Library of Australia 21164:Perche, Diana (10 May 2019). 21087:Crime and Jusstice Statistics 20737:Wright, Tony (20 July 2017). 19845:10.1016/S0047-2484(03)00106-4 19625:Moyal, Ann (21 August 2017). 19523:10.1080/14623528.2016.1120466 18694:Norman, Jane (22 July 2016). 18657:Nicol, Emily (6 March 2022). 18394:Munro, Kate L. (7 May 2020). 17939:Marcus, S (3 November 2016). 17609:. 3 June 1992. Archived from 17251:Lack, Clem Llewellyn (1963). 17191:Korff, Jens (29 July 2021b). 17158:Korff, Jens (17 July 2018b). 17110:"Kong Family – Koori doctors" 17048:Ker, Peter (23 August 2010). 16323:"History of Indigenous wages" 16220:"Aboriginal People and Place" 16183:. EnviroNorth. Archived from 15276:"Education | Closing the Gap" 15095:. No. 157. 10 July 2008. 14923:10.1126/science.292.5522.1655 14687:Collard, Sarah (5 May 2022). 14574:"Closing the Gap Report 2018" 13886:10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00058-0 11952:ABC: death of Tungutalum 2009 11704:ALRC: incarceration rate 2018 11621:Partlett, David (1977–1978). 11072:Dunbar-Hall & Gibson 2000 9427:University of Newcastle 2017b 9096:Heiss & Melodie-Jane 2013 8512:Davidson & Wahlquist 2017 6924:Australian Federal Parliament 6733:Sovereign Yidindji Government 6321:Western Australian Parliament 6064:" ("The Intervention" by the 6032:Northern Territory Government 5962: 5480:accompanied them to England. 5452:Aboriginal cricket team with 4782: 4752:and other mainstream styles. 4655:Indigenous dance of Australia 4651:Indigenous music of Australia 4624:National Gallery of Australia 4602: 4490:National Gallery of Australia 4416:Australian Aboriginal culture 4199: 4109:Cross-cultural communications 4039:Australian Aboriginal English 3895: 3775: 3590: 3440: 3225:(ATSIC), was set up in 1990. 3196:was ranked world number one. 2854: 2185:1871–1969: Stolen Generations 1378:Aboriginal Australians, from 1324:Indigenous peoples of Oceania 728: 668: 663:A group of Aboriginal men in 461: 392:Australian Aboriginal English 209:Australian Aboriginal English 25090:National Reconciliation Week 24151:Oceanian legendary creatures 22916: 21552:Tatz, Colin (14 July 1999). 21147:Oscar, June (8 April 2020). 20601:Special Broadcasting Service 20448:"Uluru-Kata Tjuta: Rock art" 19665:(2nd ed.). Crows Nest: 19620:. 4708.0 – Occasional Paper. 19511:Journal of Genocide Research 19373:Anglican Church of Australia 18847:O'Sullivan, Dominic (n.d.). 18778:(Interview). Interviewed by 18406:Special Broadcasting Service 17839:(13 October 2016): 201–206. 17393:Axis Rule in Occupied Europe 16642:. 2 May 2018. Archived from 16027:Gough, Myles (11 May 2011). 15628:"First Peoples of Australia" 15128:. ABC Religion & Ethics. 15008:Daley, Paul (15 July 2014). 14174:Australian Capital Territory 13838:Bird, Dylan (6 April 2011). 13688:National Museum of Australia 13332:Genome Biology and Evolution 13036:Special Broadcasting Service 12201:Ministers Media Centre 2019b 12189:Ministers Media Centre 2019a 11568:Ministers Media Centre 2019c 10539:ABS: population summary 2022 7334: 7023:Aboriginal deaths in custody 6572:In May 2019, Prime Minister 5889: 5691:families, children and youth 4748:as well as participating in 4725:were used across Australia. 4143:, a language related to the 4027: 3648:because he was an Aborigine. 3255:was launched in 1995 by the 2995:Queensland Council of Unions 2014:Aboriginal Protection Boards 1838:The first settlement in the 1158:has suggested habitation in 820:Group of Natives of Tasmania 777:off Northern Territory; and 608:, in an exhibition entitled 356:Mungo Man LM3 and Mungo Lady 166:Australian Capital Territory 7: 25142:NSW Aboriginal Land Council 25080:Registered Aboriginal Party 25065:National Indigenous Council 24952:Macro-Gunwinyguan languages 24631:Category:Culture of Oceania 21464:; Gillin, Tim (June 2002). 21186:Tindale, Norman B. (1974). 20752:Wynne, Emma (30 May 2018). 20065:Sweeney, Dominique (2008). 19483:Richards, Jonathan (2014). 19056:. BBC News. 24 August 2015. 18862:on 19 May 2013 – via 18218:10.1080/0043824042000185757 17494:Lloyd, J (5 January 2011). 17231:Korff, Jens (16 May 2022). 16724:"The Indigenous Collection" 16592:Hugo, Graeme (March 2012). 15652:. June 2013. Archived from 14595:Closing the Gap Report 2019 13989:Blandowski, W. von (1862). 13708:"Australian Indigenous art" 13460:. un.org.au. Archived from 13124:"Aborigines Protection Act" 11529:Australian Government 2006b 10178:"Police Administration Act" 9108:Blackwell Public School n.d 6980: 6881:Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu 6605:, Associate Provost at the 6516:to consider changes to the 6485:to the Constitution in the 6477:, the then Prime Minister, 6177: 5969:2018 Closing the Gap Report 5949:Closing the Gap Report 2019 5561:Sporting teams include the 5510:, World Championships, and 5332:Indigenous Australian sport 4617:Western Desert Art Movement 4248:and looking after country. 4105:meaning "a camping place". 3615:removed from their families 3346:report into allegations of 3235:Reconciliation in Australia 2423:GRATK Anti-Biopiracy Treaty 2056:Frontier wars and massacres 1696:Torres Strait Island people 1201:population wave during the 1165: 1128:from the skeleton known as 455:Torres Strait Islander flag 345:Torres Strait Islander flag 10: 25796: 25520:Constitutional recognition 25389:Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars 25025:Aboriginal Medical Service 24233:Chatham Islander (Moriori 23131:Weriyeng navigation school 21690:"Indigenous Law Resources" 21364:Supplementary Figs. 7–11). 21329:10.1038/s41586-021-03823-6 20710:10.1177/1037969X1203700303 20260:. reCollections.nma.gov.au 19825:Journal of Human Evolution 18820:Quaternary Science Reviews 18379:"Mungo Lady and Mungo Man" 18305:"Modern Australian poetry" 18273:"Aborigines turn to Islam" 18054:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.07.008 16429:Indigenous Desert Alliance 16384:"Australia's First Treaty" 16218:; Melodie-Jane, G (2013). 15891:Gerritsen, Rupert (2008). 15681:University of Hawaii Press 14069:. Sydney: John Benjamins. 13916:Blainey, Geoffrey (1980). 13866:Quaternary Science Reviews 12572:Australian National Census 12415: 11000:Aboriginal Art Online 2008 10698:Kennedy & Kennedy 1992 10165:McCallum & Waller 2012 9906:Lawford & Zillman 2016 9267:Terzon & Robinson 2018 9219:Maynard & Haskins 2016 9003:Higgins & Collard 2020 8608:ICommunity Newsletter 2012 8560:Culotta & Gibbons 2016 8272:Indigenous Desert Alliance 7571:Kennedy & Kennedy 1992 7205:A Study in Black and White 7197:Frontier History Revisited 7063:Customary law in Australia 6782: 6680: 6565: 6222: 6075: 6058:Social Justice Report 2008 6041:Little Children are Sacred 5991: 5939:courses. According to the 5893: 5875:(UQ), commissioned by the 5724: 5597: 5506:earned gold medals in the 5423:Australian Football League 5329: 5318: 5314: 5205:up to contemporary times. 5169:Special Jury Prize at the 5070:Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith 5009: 4786: 4677:Aboriginal dancers in 1981 4648: 4562:figurative style found in 4503: 4497: 4443:Gwion Gwion rock paintings 4419: 4413: 4409: 4312:. The German missionaries 4285: 4266: 4203: 4128: 4036: 3841: 3835: 3694: 3594: 3343:Little Children are Sacred 3278:drafted by Prime Minister 3232: 3023:In the controversial 1971 2993:, under pressure from the 2941: 2778: 2275:Governmental organizations 2059: 1972:craniofacial anthropometry 1169: 1068: 1054: 1050: 1007: 860: 692: 614:Museum of Contemporary Art 589: 527: 447:Australian Aboriginal flag 341:Australian Aboriginal flag 18: 25751: 25664: 25507: 25362: 25272: 25169: 25010: 24932: 24914:Traditional custodianship 24774: 24726: 24678: 24607: 24520: 24497: 24416: 24375: 24205: 24184: 24103: 23940: 23853: 23830: 23749: 23706: 23690: 23603: 23580: 23499: 23458: 23449: 23371: 23245: 23142: 22975:traditions and ceremonies 22907: 22856: 22736: 22729: 22646: 22544: 22414: 22405: 22296: 22287: 22234: 22110:Intelligence and security 22036: 22027: 21995: 21900: 21891: 21826: 21768: 21759: 21670:National Indigenous Times 21587:Resources in your library 21283:: 173–179. Archived from 20744:The Sydney Morning Herald 20581:The Sydney Morning Herald 19916:Spencer, Stephen (2006). 19789:The Sydney Morning Herald 19663:The Aboriginal Tasmanians 18291:. ABC News. 13 March 2013 18253:(1): 1–22. Archived from 17969:New York University Press 17961:Marten, James A. (2002). 17946:The Sydney Morning Herald 17707:The Sydney Morning Herald 17565:The Sydney Morning Herald 17500:The Sydney Morning Herald 17337:The Sydney Morning Herald 17193:"Aboriginal prison rates" 17054:The Sydney Morning Herald 17043:. Hodder & Stoughton. 16460:Horton, David R. (1996). 15940:The Sydney Morning Herald 15243:10.1080/03007760008591767 15231:Popular Music and Society 15092:National Indigenous Times 14898:"Cook, James (1728–1779)" 14460:The Sydney Morning Herald 14433:. University of Newcastle 14362:Carmody (7 August 2013). 14044:Bottoms, Timothy (2013). 13845:The Sydney Morning Herald 13805:. University of Barcelona 13108:The Sydney Morning Herald 12405:The Sydney Morning Herald 12290:Hobbs & Williams 2018 12129:ALII: Summary report 2012 11467:National Indigenous Times 10749:WVA – 8 interesting facts 10626:AIATSIS & FATSIL 2005 9942:AIATSIS: Land Rights 2015 7738:Australians Together 2020 7244:In its submission to the 7073:Indigenous Protected Area 6763:, however, following the 6683:Native title in Australia 6451:government. In 2004, the 5720: 5675:The federal government's 5470:Australian rules football 5419:Australian rules football 5171:2006 Cannes Film Festival 4917:; and in popular fiction 4645:Music, dance and ceremony 4500:Indigenous Australian art 4382:London Missionary Society 3646:Returned Servicemens Club 3084:native title in Australia 3004:called by Prime Minister 2935:Australian tennis player 2611:Indigenous decolonization 2431:NGOs and political groups 1980:Royal Society of Tasmania 1912: 1860:colony of New South Wales 1833:Colony of South Australia 1796:people at the signing of 1580: 1575: 1572: 1428:. It was identified near 1203:Initial Upper Paleolithic 276: 271: 239: 234: 229:Australian Kriol language 198: 193: 177: 164: 151: 138: 125: 112: 99: 86: 73: 69: 64: 53: 48: 25379:Australian Frontier Wars 25085:Reconciliation Australia 24580:Northern Mariana Islands 24035:Northern Mariana Islands 23913:Northern Mariana Islands 23663:Northern Mariana Islands 23434:Festival of Pacific Arts 21115:Bininj Kunwok Dictionary 19464:Reynolds, Henry (2013). 19123:. ABC. 10 February 2009. 19005:. Melbourne: Scribe US. 18344:Mulvaney, D. J. (1990). 18007:"Failed state of health" 17776:(Submitted manuscript). 17391:Lemkin, Raphael (1944). 16480:Horton, Jessica (2015). 15895:. Oxford: Archaeopress. 15390:Evans, Nicholas (2003). 15153:Dixon, R. M. W. (1997). 14829:Connell, Rachel (1998). 14530:"Classified Advertising" 14383:Casey, Maryrose (2009). 13549:(3). Canberra: 287–315. 13371:AIATSIS; FATSIL (2005). 12338:Costa & Dunstan 2019 11243:ASO – Rabbit-Proof Fence 11183:Modern Australian poetry 11108:Common Ground: Songlines 10761:Traditional Healers 2013 10674:Bowern & Harold 2004 9870:Fogarty & Dwyer 2012 9793:NMoA – indigenous rights 7897:Munro & McLisky 2004 7662:Glynn & Jenifer 2004 7115: 6946:'s part in the landmark 6586:Second Morrison Ministry 6576:created the position of 6422:the year of its creation 6237:Under Section 41 of the 6219:Political representation 6089:intergenerational trauma 5987: 5926:Are underrepresented in 5873:University of Queensland 5814:and suicide amongst the 5518:earned a world title in 5458:Melbourne Cricket Ground 5289:The third series of the 5134:and David Gulpilil; and 5067:to cinematic audiences. 4246:kinship responsibilities 3625:government agencies and 3276:Motion of Reconciliation 3135:general election of 2016 3119:general election of 2010 2917:Albert Namatjira Gallery 2797:government agencies and 2444:Amazon Conservation Team 2176:to protest the state of 2086:Aboriginal prisoners on 2062:Australian frontier wars 2010:Protectors of Aborigines 1858:, claiming them for the 1842:was built after Captain 25431:Australian history wars 25292:Contemporary visual art 24708:Torres Strait Islanders 24545:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 23878:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 23628:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 23397:Merrie Monarch Festival 21652:. Australian Government 21435:10.1073/pnas.1323666111 21370:Huxley, Thomas (1870). 20780:10.47248/hpgg2202010001 20698:Alternative Law Journal 20648:Wilson, Ronald (1997). 20577:"Kevin Rudd says sorry" 20535:Walsh, Michael (1997), 20379:[1934] HCA 49 20338:"Torres Strait history" 20294:Tindale, Norman Barnett 20256:Thorley, Peter (2006). 19761:"Genocide in Australia" 19576:10.1111/1753-6405.12084 19413:21 October 2020 at the 19330:Indigenous Law Bulletin 19246:10.1126/science.1211177 18598:. ABC News. 5 July 2017 17905:10.1073/pnas.1211927110 17655:10.1126/science.1109792 17587:"Mabo and Native Title" 17368:Lehmann, Petra (1997). 16566:10.1073/pnas.0702928104 16207:Encyclopædia Britannica 15411:A History of Queensland 15409:Evans, Raymond (2007). 14836:Indigenous Law Bulletin 14770:[1983] HCA 21 14764:Commonwealth v Tasmania 14748:University of Newcastle 14306:Campbell, Judy (2007). 13026:PDF of original version 13013:Documenting A Democracy 11692:AIHW Youth Justice 2018 11267:Festival de Cannes 2006 11207:Festival de Cannes 2011 10710:Zuckermann; et al. 2015 10017:Rugby Hall of Fame 2007 9745:NAA Uncommon Lives 2004 9673:FOCUS Asia-Pacific 1997 8596:Aghakhanian et al. 2015 8473:Lipson & Reich 2017 8164:Allmon & Kelly 2018 8116:Art Gallery of NSW 2014 7849:ANZSOG: Karla Grant n.d 7837:NITV: Living Black 2015 7201:Our Original Aggression 6887:is commemorated on the 6773:First Peoples' Assembly 6607:University of Melbourne 6518:Australian Constitution 6264:(Democrat, 1999–2005), 6239:Australian Constitution 6006:criminal justice system 5859:Foetal alcohol syndrome 5583:Murri Rugby League Team 5542:captained Australia in 5534:captained Australia in 4839:Yirrkala bark petitions 4746:sub-genre of rock music 3863:Torres Strait Islanders 3832:Distribution and growth 3697:Demography of Australia 3659:Commonwealth v Tasmania 3654:High Court of Australia 3380:Stronger Futures policy 3158:Evonne Goolagong Cawley 3103:Aboriginal Tent Embassy 3072:High Court of Australia 2170:Aboriginal Tent Embassy 2097:University of Newcastle 2076:Waterloo Creek massacre 1987:Rockhampton, Queensland 1846:took possession of the 1365:Before European contact 1061:Prehistory of Australia 863:Torres Strait Islanders 857:Torres Strait Islanders 310:Torres Strait Islanders 25:Torres Strait Islanders 25127:Kimberley Land Council 24977:Pama–Nyungan languages 24967:Loanwords into English 24884:Religion and mythology 24837:Torres Strait Islander 24688:Aboriginal Australians 24357:Torres Strait Islander 23743:Literature of Oceania 23099:Micronesian Navigation 22504:Indigenous Australians 22005:States and territories 21578:Indigenous Australians 21530:Protsyk, Oleh (2010). 21268:Bindon, P. A. (1997). 21006:Rare Historical Photos 20881:; et al. (2015). 20500:Ministers Media Centre 20480:Ministers Media Centre 20414:. Referendum Council. 20207:Taylor, Rebe (2008) . 20089:10.25911/5D51468201AAE 19797:"Sir Douglas Nicholls" 19730:. 2014. Archived from 19375:. 2005. Archived from 19087:Ministers Media Centre 19001:Pascoe, Bruce (2018). 18982:Pascoe, Bruce (2015). 18956:10.3828/bfarm.2006.1.4 17680:Archaeology in Oceania 17589:. Australians Together 17454:"Living with the Past" 17041:Australian Place Names 16831:Jaensch, Dean (1994). 16792:"INSPIRE: Kelvin Kong" 16666:. 2004. Archived from 16501:10.22459/AH.39.2015.10 16402:Hodge, Robert (1990). 15843:Gammage, Bill (2011). 15762:Archaeology in Oceania 15753:Forum (October 2001). 15564:. Ashgate Publishing. 15523:. Terra australis 43. 15036:Archaeology in Oceania 14792:. 2014. Archived from 13750:. Australians Together 13172:. 2012. Archived from 12921:. 2008. Archived from 12852:World Vision Australia 10964:Australian Museum 2011 10952:ABC – Pilbara Rock Art 9918:AIATSIS: handback 2015 9709:Australian Museum 2004 9634:indigenous.gov.au 2013 9507:Rogers & Bain 2016 9015:Kim & Stephen 2020 8344:Malaspinas et al. 2016 8248:Tourism Australia 2020 8104:ABS: TableBuilder 2021 7885:Blak History Month n.d 7316:Rosenstock et al. 2013 7018:Aboriginal Australians 6825: 6809: 6769:Parliament of Victoria 6599:University of Canberra 6491:Australian Labor Party 6260:(Liberal, 1971–1983), 5658:2016 Australian Census 5466:toured England in 1868 5461: 5443:Australian of the Year 5441:. Goodes was also the 5353: 5340:1857 depiction of the 5089:'s 1977 mystery drama 4769:Bangarra Dance Theatre 4717:(such as the Yolngu). 4691:ceremonial observances 4678: 4670: 4536:Sydney rock engravings 4426: 4366:"Afghan" camel drivers 4263:Torres Strait Islander 4191: 4145:Pama–Nyungan languages 4061:Pama–Nyungan languages 3867:2021 Australian census 3859:Torres Strait Islander 3781: 3650: 3392:Emergency Response Act 3172:became captain of the 3143:Australian Labor Party 3057:traditional occupation 2951:Commonwealth elections 2939: 2928: 2860: 2787:Torres Strait Islander 2519:Survival International 2400:International Treaties 2178:Aboriginal land rights 2091: 2079: 2048: 2001: 1801: 1738: 1433: 1405:valley in particular. 1386: 1359:Indonesian archipelago 1253: 1106: 1097:Aboriginal people and 1080:Migration to Australia 1065:Australian archaeology 874: 823: 753:in central Australia; 734: 695:Aboriginal Australians 690: 678: 458: 302:Aboriginal Australians 290:Indigenous Australians 43:Indigenous Australians 21:Aboriginal Australians 25466:Native Title Act 1993 25401:Cummeragunja walk-off 25147:Northern Land Council 24997:Torres Strait English 24924:Torres Strait Islands 24523:and other territories 24327:Samoan (Tagata Māo‘i) 24213:Indigenous Australian 24111:Australian Aboriginal 23856:and other territories 23606:and other territories 23493:Languages of Oceania 23094:Polynesian Navigation 23074:Torres Strait Islands 21798:Territorial evolution 21221:Levene, Mark (2005). 21055:"Why Blak not black?" 20163:10.3390/genes13122373 19975:The Rangeland Journal 19776:ICommunity Newsletter 19704:. n.d. Archived from 19644:Central Western Daily 18853:University of Waikato 18439:Balla, Paola (2021). 18381:. Mungo National Park 18324:Morris, John (2001). 17419:10.1093/molbev/msw293 16884:"Journey to handback" 16129:Australian Geographic 16041:on 12 September 2012. 15979:; Jenifer, G (2004). 15515:Ferrier, Åsa (2015). 14776:1 (1 July 1983), 14766:(Tasmanian Dams Case) 14299:10.1038/news.2011.551 14268:Burton, John (n.d.). 14192:Queensland Queensland 14003:World Digital Library 13956:"BlakLash beginnings" 13437:. Griffith University 13292:10.1073/pnas.98.2.537 13196:. n.d. Archived from 12981:Australian Geographic 12919:Aboriginal Art Online 12770:. 10 December 2010b. 11327:WDL – Blandowski 1862 11291:Screen Australia 2018 11255:Maddox & AAP 2006 10614:ABS – population 2006 8862:australia.gov.au 2016 8835:Vines & Hope 1994 8719:Torres Strait history 8709:, pp. 1034–1036. 8673:, pp. 8726–8730. 8671:Hudjashov et al. 2007 8661:, pp. 1803–1808. 8635:Rasmussen et al. 2011 8598:, pp. 1206–1215. 8385:, pp. 1655–1656. 8358:, pp. 2469–2474. 7960:Blak & Bright n.d 7948:BlakLash Creative n.d 7873:QUoT: Guidelines 2015 6938:' involvement in the 6894:While relatively few 6820: 6792: 6512:support, convened an 6336:Country Liberal Party 5894:Further information: 5748:communicable diseases 5456:(coach and captain), 5451: 5350:Blandowski expedition 5339: 5319:Further information: 5274:(2019) and TV series 5212:in the 21st century: 4897:(twice winner of the 4848:In the 20th century, 4843:Australian Parliament 4676: 4662: 4628:Torres Strait Islands 4504:Further information: 4397:Recent census figures 4386:Erub (Darnley Island) 4324:and taught the local 4314:Christian Teichelmann 4286:Further information: 4267:Further information: 4204:Further information: 4182: 4137:Torres Strait Islands 4054:Ngarrindjeri language 3769: 3664:Tasmanian dam(s) case 3636: 3388:Amnesty International 3340:, in response to the 3037:. Following the 1973 3025:Gove land rights case 2991:Queensland Government 2942:Further information: 2934: 2910: 2844: 2250:Traditional knowledge 2235:Intellectual property 2085: 2073: 2042: 1999: 1895:Erub (Darnley Island) 1792: 1732: 1533:in the southwest and 1415: 1377: 1353:Torres Strait Islands 1251: 1217:populations, such as 1170:Further information: 1092: 1019:environment, such as 894:Torres Strait Islands 872:Torres Strait Islands 870: 840:Tasmanian catastrophe 816:Robert Hawker Dowling 814: 763:Aboriginal Victorians 726: 684: 662: 444: 272:Related ethnic groups 213:Torres Strait English 25122:Central Land Council 24410:Religion in Oceania 24342:Taiwanese aborigines 23696:Languages of Oceania 22244:Cabinet of Australia 22219:Government ministers 21987:World Heritage Sites 21793:European exploration 21008:. 28 December 2015 . 20865:on 23 September 2009 20857:. Higher Education. 20813:. Cat. no. JUV 116. 20557:"Surgeon John White" 20103:on 12 February 2020. 20077:Sweeney, D. (2009). 19763:. Australian Museum. 19344:– via austlii. 19271:Read, Peter (1981). 18915:Current Anthropology 18826:(19–20): 2469–2474. 18241:Mear, Craig (2008). 17464:on 26 September 2009 17114:George Negus Tonight 16890:on 19 September 2020 16818:on 10 September 2012 16786:. 22 September 2012. 16610:on 13 November 2013. 16349:on 24 September 2020 16084:on 13 September 2009 15730:. pp. 177–192. 15443:10.2139/ssrn.2467836 14856:Connor, Liz (2016). 14851:– via austlii. 13936:"Blak History Month" 13798:Ballyn, Sue (2011). 13579:"Arthur Beetson OAM" 13480:Andrews, M. (2004). 13226:"About Living Black" 12987:on 30 November 2011. 12562:. 17 September 2013. 11597:OPMC Closing the Gap 10850:Anglican Church 2005 10473:Gardiner-Garden 2000 10417:, pp. 296, 301. 10188:on 5 September 2007. 9894:Central Land Council 8707:MacAulay et al. 2005 8332:Clarkson et al. 2017 8011:ABC Local Radio 2002 7510:Clarkson et al. 2017 7104:Slavery in Australia 7009:Civilizations portal 6973:In health services, 6889:Australian $ 50 note 6597:, Chancellor of the 6290:Malarndirri McCarthy 6268:(Labor, 2013–2016), 6108:A$ 10.7 million 5937:vocational education 5700:economic development 5637:and higher rates of 5575:Indigenous All Stars 5563:Indigenous All-Stars 5326:Recreation and sport 5262:Trisha Morton-Thomas 5073:(1976), directed by 5055:Cannes Film Festival 4921:. Leading activists 4899:Miles Franklin Award 4524:Kakadu National Park 4449:of Western Australia 4224:spirits include the 4033:Aboriginal languages 3405:federal Constitution 3307:Reconciliation Place 3251:An inquiry into the 3186:2000 Summer Olympics 3153:for Human Services. 3066:(Ayers Rock) to the 2989:"). Since 1999, the 2955:University of Sydney 2260:Water and sanitation 2174:Old Parliament House 2136:Political resistance 1968:Tasmanian Aboriginal 1907:colony of Queensland 1720:British colonisation 1225:groups, such as the 1149:Australian megafauna 848:Fanny Cochrane Smith 789:, the Arrernte, the 453:. Together with the 388:Aboriginal languages 312:of the seas between 298:British colonisation 225:Torres Strait Creole 24879:Outstation movement 24718:Western Australians 24615:indigenous currency 22894:Sāmoa 'ava ceremony 22316:Gross state product 21462:Windschuttle, Keith 21426:2014PNAS..111.7248R 21321:2021Natur.596..543C 21065:on 11 November 2020 21020:on 28 November 2012 20962:"Aboriginal People" 20879:Zuckermann, Ghil'ad 20692:Wood, Asmi (2012). 20213:. Wakefield Press. 19903:on 29 February 2020 19837:2003JHumE..45..203S 19708:on 25 November 2020 19601:Ross, Kate (1999). 19451:on 21 February 2019 19309:on 29 November 2012 19238:2011Sci...334...94R 19176:on 3 February 2012. 18986:. Magaballa Books. 18832:2006QSRv...25.2469O 18681:on 15 December 2008 18169:on 16 February 2012 17896:2013PNAS..110.1803P 17853:10.1038/nature18964 17845:2016Natur.538..201M 17794:10.1038/nature18299 17786:2016Natur.538..207M 17647:2005Sci...308.1034M 17641:(5724): 1034–1036. 17545:on 5 September 2016 17145:on 14 December 2018 17006:on 28 November 2011 16670:on 18 November 2000 16557:2007PNAS..104.8726H 16414:(2). Archived from 16309:on 20 February 2012 15835:, pp. 170-174. 15808:, pp. 163-165. 15482:. 1 November 2006. 15321:on 24 February 2009 14917:(5522): 1655–1656. 14618:on 26 December 2019 14534:Hobart Town Courier 14496:10.1038/nature22968 14488:2017Natur.547..306C 14144:on 2 December 2014. 14109:10.1038/nature01383 14101:2003Natur.421..837B 13878:2002QSRv...21.1061B 13694:on 14 December 2011 13555:10.22145/flr.40.3.1 13523:Flinders University 13429:Amery, Rob (n.d.). 13283:2001PNAS...98..537A 13252:on 24 November 2016 12690:on 20 February 2008 12670:on 28 February 2019 12462:. 21 January 2005a. 12177:Nunn & Mao 2019 10928:Parks Australia (2) 10916:Parks Australia (1) 10904:Culture Portal 2007 9822:NMoA – Freedom Ride 9477:, pp. 121–134. 9414:, pp. 147–161. 9197:, pp. 182–185. 9071:, pp. 132–153. 9056:, pp. 177–179. 8697:, pp. 367–381. 8685:, pp. 281–302. 8659:Manfred et al. 2013 8625:, pp. 297–305. 8458:Mallick et al. 2016 8431:Mungo National Park 8397:, pp. 203–217. 8373:, pp. 537–542. 8346:, pp. 207–214. 8334:, pp. 306–310. 8286:, pp. 122–138. 8178:, pp. 329–349. 8152:Reef Catchments n.d 7787:Hobart Town Courier 7664:, pp. 145–146. 7058:Australo-Melanesian 6765:2018 state election 6725:Murrawarri Republic 6671:Galarrwuy Yunupingu 6669:, Peter Yu, and Dr 6601:, and Professor Dr 6344:Hyacinth Tungutalum 6101:Aboriginal identity 5764:respiratory disease 5706:justice (including 5669:age standardisation 5589:Contemporary issues 5554:have played in the 5020:Cinema of Australia 4967:Film and television 4937:Up From the Mission 4591:Hermannsburg School 4485:Aboriginal Memorial 4195:Traditional beliefs 4153:Trans-Fly languages 4069:Gulf of Carpentaria 3814:self-identification 3447: 3039:Woodward commission 2636:Uncontacted peoples 2626:Settler colonialism 1961:Aboriginal trackers 1702:buildings on stilts 1624:Northern Territory 1569: 1562:Gulf of Carpentaria 1499:Atherton Tablelands 1473:. Weapons included 1156:Luminescence dating 1134:Mungo National Park 1111:Luminescence dating 836:last glacial period 640:'s song and album, 467:Aboriginal people. 347:have been official 45: 25650:Indigenous peoples 25572:Stolen Generations 25562:Self-determination 25482:Stolen Generations 25416:Historical figures 25396:Caledon Bay crisis 25219:Fire-stick farming 25132:Maralinga Tjarutja 24751:Performing artists 23210:Polynesian sailing 22634:Australian studies 22569:Australian English 22378:Telecommunications 22214:Government leaders 22157:Political ideology 21684:. 15 January 2018. 21604:. 31 October 2023. 21560:on 7 January 2008. 21096:on 11 October 2010 20986:AIATSIS Collection 20954:on 4 January 2020. 20942:on 4 January 2020. 20374:Tuckiar v The King 19727:Art Gallery of NSW 19698:"Saltwater people" 19431:on 15 January 2020 18805:. 3 November 2016a 18776:"Saltwater People" 18642:. pp. 15–19. 18557:– via Trove. 18511:on 16 January 2020 18475:10.1002/ajpa.22886 18434:on 21 August 2006. 18333:Aboriginal History 18148:on 24 October 2018 18142:The Canberra Times 18122:The Canberra Times 18093:. Brisbane: 9–21. 17522:. pp. 65–81. 17458:FOCUS Asia-Pacific 17318:. 23 November 2012 16904:"Kakadu: Rock art" 16870:on 18 January 2012 16646:on 30 October 2018 16487:Aboriginal History 16289:. AAP. 26 May 2019 15878:on 7 February 2012 15826:, p. 168-169. 15817:, p. 166-167. 15707:. Future Leaders. 15543:Festival de Cannes 15282:on 30 October 2018 14580:on 30 October 2018 14370:on 2 February 2017 14186:Northern Territory 13976:Blandowski, W. von 13940:Blak History Month 13872:(8–9): 1061–1075. 13734:on 29 January 2017 13595:on 20 January 2012 13543:Federal Law Review 13345:10.1093/gbe/evv065 13145:The Canberra Times 13078:on 6 February 2021 13054:on 13 January 2014 12450:. 25 January 2002. 12351:The Canberra Times 11556:d'Abbs et al. 2019 11062:, pp. 93–101. 10500:ABS tech note 2018 10379:Greg Gardiner 2002 10005:Arthur Beetson OAM 9509:, pp. 83–100. 8683:Kayser et al. 2003 8623:McEvoy et al. 2010 8584:Taufik et al. 2022 8371:Adcock et al. 2001 8001:, pp. 77–106. 7498:Bowler et al. 2003 7252:Bringing Them Home 7246:Bringing Them Home 7217:Bringing them Home 7109:Welcome to Country 6968:Oodgeroo Noonuccal 6836:. Others, such as 6826: 6810: 6744:Treaty of Waitangi 6623:Marcia Ella-Duncan 6508:(2010–2013), with 6506:Gillard government 6410:Northern Territory 6286:Northern Territory 6085:Stolen Generations 6046:anecdotal evidence 6013:stolen generations 5869:longitudinal study 5816:Stolen Generations 5643:imprisonment rates 5606:Stolen Generations 5579:NSW Koori Knockout 5512:Commonwealth Games 5462: 5354: 5220:(with her company 5141:Rabbit-Proof Fence 4961:Northern Territory 4907:Melissa Lucashenko 4858:Oodgeroo Noonuccal 4679: 4671: 4528:Northern Territory 4362:followers of Islam 4348:Aboriginal peoples 4342:Stolen Generations 4338:Christian missions 4330:their own language 4282:After colonisation 4192: 4151:: a member of the 4115:Ghil'ad Zuckermann 3782: 3617:by the Australian 3611:self-determination 3583:centred along the 3445: 3319:Stolen Generations 3317:to members of the 3261:Bringing Them Home 3257:Keating government 3253:Stolen Generations 2971:Wave Hill walk-off 2940: 2929: 2861: 2809:Early 20th century 2781:Stolen Generations 2584:Discovery doctrine 2569:Civilizing mission 2387:BBNJ ABS Committee 2092: 2080: 2049: 2006:Acts of Parliament 2002: 1974:. The skeleton of 1966:During the 1860s, 1840:Northern Territory 1802: 1739: 1610:Western Australia 1567: 1529:in the southeast, 1456:Dr. Norman Tindale 1434: 1387: 1302:– whose subclades 1254: 1231:East Asian peoples 1107: 1099:Captain James Cook 1085:Aboriginal peoples 914:of 1992 involved. 903:was from "Mer" or 875: 824: 747:Northern Territory 735: 691: 679: 665:possum-skin cloaks 557:African immigrants 487:Aboriginal peoples 459: 430:Bringing Them Home 417:frontier conflicts 368:fire-stick farming 349:flags of Australia 205:Australian English 114:Northern Territory 39: 25762: 25761: 25746: 25745: 25616: 25615: 25499:Western Australia 25234:Possum-skin cloak 25165: 25164: 25157:Tiwi Land Council 24992:Taboo on the dead 24957:Australian Creole 24698:Aboriginal groups 24638: 24637: 24603: 24602: 24595:Wallis and Futuna 24540:Clipperton Island 24498:Associated states 24095:Wallis and Futuna 23936: 23935: 23928:Wallis and Futuna 23873:Clipperton Island 23831:Associated states 23702: 23701: 23686: 23685: 23678:Wallis and Futuna 23623:Clipperton Island 23581:Associated states 23429:Pacific Community 23417:Pasifika Festival 23150:Aboriginal dugout 23089:Wallis and Futuna 22689: 22688: 22642: 22641: 22464:Human trafficking 22401: 22400: 22283: 22282: 22083:Foreign relations 22023: 22022: 21887: 21886: 21834:Asian Australians 21650:Indigenous.gov.au 21573:Library resources 21420:(20): 7248–7253. 21315:(7873): 543–547. 21234:978-1-84511-057-4 20895:on 30 March 2016. 20824:978-1-76054-339-6 20801:indigenous.gov.au 20631:978-0-9803874-1-4 20316:978-0-708-10741-6 20248:978-0-521-80789-0 20220:978-1-862-54798-8 20139:on 27 March 2020. 20057:978-0-6485071-2-3 20018:Australian Museum 19999:Australian Museum 19927:978-1-134-26639-5 19884:978-1-877043-40-6 19676:978-1-86373-965-8 19667:Allen & Unwin 19287:978-0-646-46221-9 19115:on 14 April 2011. 19076:– via NIAA. 19012:978-1-947534-08-7 18774:(23 April 2013). 18205:World Archaeology 17978:978-0-8147-5667-6 17780:(7624): 207–214. 17383:978-90-420-0151-0 16664:Australian Museum 16551:(21): 8726–8730. 16075:Monash University 15998:978-0-521-84542-7 15968:978-0-7139-1112-1 15902:978-1-4073-0354-3 15854:978-1-74237-748-3 15737:978-1-921-31344-8 15571:978-0-7546-4072-1 15558:Fiona, R (2007). 15489:978-1-74024-620-0 15420:978-0-521-87692-6 15401:978-0-85883-538-2 15166:978-0-521-62654-5 14608:978-1-925363-84-5 14482:(7663): 306–310. 14413:. 31 October 2017 14398:978-0-230-23694-3 14319:978-0-522-84939-4 14243:978-1-741-76554-0 14234:Allen & Unwin 14216:Western Australia 14095:(6925): 837–840. 14076:978-90-272-4761-2 13960:BlakLash Creative 13785:Bach, J. (1966). 13647:Tourism Australia 13491:978-1-876756-45-1 13482:The Seven Sisters 13453:(February 2010). 13200:on 3 October 2020 13194:Blak & Bright 13190:"About + Contact" 13170:Stand for Freedom 12963:. 26 January 2015 12944:978-1-86450-114-8 12925:on 22 April 2011. 12578:. 17 October 2018 11231:ASO – The Tracker 11074:, pp. 45–73. 10816:, pp. 65–81. 10763:, pp. 15–19. 10563:ABS increase 2018 10324:, pp. 33–34. 10248:Stand for Freedom 10167:, pp. 33–34. 9769:Kooriweb.org 1938 9622:Darian-Smith 2017 9598:, pp. 1–208. 8876:, pp. 69–75. 8743:David et al. 2004 8695:Nagle et al. 2015 8637:, pp. 94–98. 8550:, pp. 71–93. 8548:Carey et al. 2018 8407:Australian Museum 8395:Smith et al. 2003 8356:Olley et al. 2006 8140:Smyth et al. 2004 7386:Style Manual 2021 7151:, pp. 140ff. 6818: 6757:Western Australia 6713:Mabo v Queensland 6619:Josephine Cashman 6584:portfolio in the 6468:Maori electorates 6453:Howard government 6272:(2014–2017, 2019– 6254:Australian Senate 6175: 6174: 6170: 6068:) that followed. 6066:Howard government 6023:, in particular, 5883:, in NT in 2005. 5756:hepatitis C virus 5585:in rugby league. 5567:Flying Boomerangs 5413:in south-western 5385:people. Known as 5344:(Nyeri Nyeri) at 5198:Blue Water Empire 5193:Papua New Guinean 5167:Un Certain Regard 5151:of the 2006 film 5130:(2002), starring 5112:(1996) featuring 5008: 5007: 5003: 4928:First Australians 4882:were recognised. 4589:paintings of the 4559:Upper Paleolithic 4355:John Bede Polding 4292:Christianity and 4085:language family. 3847:Australian census 3821:Australian Census 3803:Pacific Islanders 3575: 3574: 3265:Howard government 3216:uncontacted tribe 3095:Australian Senate 3047:Fraser government 2975:Wave Hill Station 2903:Late 20th century 2896:Australia's North 2873:Aboriginal rights 2777: 2776: 2631:Truth commissions 2559:Aboriginal titles 2474:Cultural Survival 2392:Indigenous Caucus 2202:Indigenous rights 1829:Western Australia 1708:structures using 1693: 1692: 1578:population share 1527:possum-skin cloak 1430:Mildura, Victoria 1384:Universal History 1370:Aboriginal people 1296:Haplogroup C-M347 1227:Andamanese people 1126:mitochondrial DNA 1105:, New South Wales 1103:Kurnell Peninsula 1045:Western Australia 1029:rainforest people 1025:freshwater people 799:Central Australia 655:Aboriginal groups 553:Robert Jabanungga 287: 286: 211:, small minority 189: 188: 101:Western Australia 25787: 25736: 25721: 25706: 25691: 25676: 25667: 25666: 25643: 25636: 25629: 25620: 25619: 25110: 25109: 24942:Avoidance speech 24904:Smoking ceremony 24665: 24658: 24651: 24642: 24641: 24585:Pitcairn Islands 24555:French Polynesia 24535:Christmas Island 24464:Papua New Guinea 24444:Marshall Islands 24417:Sovereign states 24403: 24396: 24389: 24380: 24379: 24297:Norfolk Islander 24242:Fijian (iTaukei) 24045:Papua New Guinea 23918:Pitcairn Islands 23888:French Polynesia 23868:Christmas Island 23797:Papua New Guinea 23777:Marshall Islands 23750:Sovereign states 23736: 23729: 23722: 23713: 23712: 23668:Pitcairn Islands 23638:French Polynesia 23618:Christmas Island 23547:Papua New Guinea 23527:Marshall Islands 23500:Sovereign states 23486: 23479: 23472: 23463: 23462: 23456: 23455: 23441:Papua New Guinea 23104:Marshall Islands 23054:Pitcairn Islands 23049:Papua New Guinea 22989:Lomilomi massage 22935:Caroline Islands 22808:Papua New Guinea 22716: 22709: 22702: 22693: 22692: 22669: 22662: 22655: 22531:Waste management 22412: 22411: 22333:Household income 22294: 22293: 22256:Governor-General 22066:Electoral system 22034: 22033: 21898: 21897: 21766: 21765: 21742: 21735: 21728: 21719: 21718: 21714: 21712: 21710: 21693: 21685: 21673: 21661: 21659: 21657: 21641: 21639: 21637: 21625: 21623: 21621: 21612:. Archived from 21605: 21561: 21548: 21536: 21526: 21524: 21522: 21517:on 24 March 2016 21516: 21510:. Archived from 21499: 21483: 21482:on 29 July 2013. 21478:. Archived from 21457: 21447: 21437: 21409: 21399: 21366: 21348: 21299: 21297: 21295: 21289: 21274: 21262:Journal articles 21257: 21238: 21210: 21200: 21198: 21192: 21182: 21180: 21178: 21171:The Conversation 21160: 21143: 21141: 21139: 21126: 21124: 21122: 21105: 21103: 21101: 21095: 21084: 21074: 21072: 21070: 21061:. Archived from 21049: 21041: 21029: 21027: 21025: 21009: 20997: 20995: 20993: 20977: 20975: 20973: 20955: 20950:. Archived from 20943: 20938:. Archived from 20930: 20928: 20926: 20921:on 12 March 2022 20896: 20894: 20887: 20874: 20872: 20870: 20861:. Archived from 20849: 20836: 20804: 20792: 20782: 20757: 20748: 20733: 20731: 20729: 20724:on 19 March 2021 20720:. Archived from 20688: 20686: 20684: 20679:on 21 March 2020 20675:. Archived from 20663: 20644: 20635: 20623: 20611: 20609: 20607: 20591: 20589: 20587: 20571: 20561: 20551: 20531: 20529: 20527: 20511: 20509: 20507: 20491: 20489: 20487: 20471: 20462: 20460: 20458: 20443: 20441: 20439: 20427: 20425: 20423: 20407: 20405: 20403: 20390: 20384: 20368: 20366: 20364: 20358:australianscreen 20349: 20347: 20345: 20333: 20320: 20304: 20289: 20287: 20285: 20269: 20267: 20265: 20252: 20233: 20224: 20203: 20193: 20175: 20165: 20140: 20128: 20126: 20124: 20104: 20099:. Archived from 20072: 20061: 20041: 20029: 20027: 20025: 20009: 20007: 20005: 19990: 19969: 19967: 19965: 19953: 19951: 19949: 19942:The Conversation 19931: 19912: 19910: 19908: 19899:. Archived from 19888: 19876: 19864: 19822: 19812: 19810: 19808: 19803:on 26 March 2021 19792: 19779: 19773: 19764: 19755: 19752:Screen Australia 19743: 19741: 19739: 19717: 19715: 19713: 19693: 19680: 19654: 19652: 19650: 19634: 19621: 19609: 19597: 19587: 19554: 19552: 19550: 19534: 19505: 19489: 19479: 19460: 19458: 19456: 19440: 19438: 19436: 19404: 19402: 19400: 19380: 19379:on 16 June 2005. 19364: 19362: 19360: 19354: 19345: 19343: 19341: 19327: 19318: 19316: 19314: 19298: 19297:on 9 April 2012. 19296: 19290:. Archived from 19279: 19267: 19257: 19216: 19214: 19212: 19206:australianscreen 19197: 19195: 19193: 19177: 19164: 19162: 19160: 19144: 19142: 19140: 19124: 19116: 19114: 19107: 19098: 19096: 19094: 19077: 19075: 19073: 19067: 19057: 19049: 19047: 19045: 19024: 18997: 18978: 18959: 18938: 18909: 18907: 18905: 18889: 18887: 18885: 18878:The Conversation 18867: 18861: 18855:. Archived from 18843: 18814: 18812: 18810: 18794: 18792: 18790: 18767: 18765: 18763: 18747: 18745: 18743: 18730: 18728: 18726: 18721:. 21 August 2014 18710: 18708: 18706: 18690: 18688: 18686: 18666: 18653: 18628: 18607: 18605: 18603: 18591: 18589: 18587: 18571: 18558: 18556: 18554: 18536: 18534: 18532: 18520: 18518: 18516: 18510: 18503: 18494: 18457: 18448: 18445:Paradise Journal 18435: 18433: 18426: 18416: 18414: 18412: 18390: 18388: 18386: 18374: 18372: 18370: 18353: 18340: 18330: 18320: 18318: 18316: 18300: 18298: 18296: 18284: 18282: 18280: 18267: 18258: 18257:on 6 April 2012. 18237: 18198: 18196: 18194: 18178: 18176: 18174: 18157: 18155: 18153: 18144:. Archived from 18132: 18130: 18128: 18112: 18102: 18075: 18065: 18032: 18001: 17982: 17957: 17955: 17953: 17935: 17927: 17917: 17907: 17890:(5): 1803–1808. 17874: 17864: 17823: 17805: 17764: 17762: 17760: 17753:666 ABC Canberra 17743: 17714: 17704: 17695: 17674: 17632: 17622: 17620: 17618: 17613:on 5 August 2012 17598: 17596: 17594: 17582: 17569: 17554: 17552: 17550: 17533: 17510: 17508: 17506: 17490: 17488: 17486: 17473: 17471: 17469: 17449: 17439: 17421: 17396: 17387: 17364: 17362: 17360: 17347: 17345: 17343: 17327: 17325: 17323: 17307: 17305: 17303: 17297: 17288: 17286: 17284: 17272: 17247: 17245: 17243: 17237:Creative Spirits 17227: 17225: 17223: 17217:Creative Spirits 17207: 17205: 17203: 17197:Creative Spirits 17187: 17185: 17183: 17177:Creative Spirits 17167: 17164:Creative Spirits 17154: 17152: 17150: 17141:. Archived from 17139:Creative Spirits 17129: 17127: 17125: 17105: 17086: 17084: 17082: 17077:on 17 March 2010 17073:. Archived from 17057: 17044: 17035: 17033: 17031: 17015: 17013: 17011: 16994: 16984: 16951: 16938: 16936: 16934: 16918: 16916: 16914: 16899: 16897: 16895: 16879: 16877: 16875: 16859: 16846: 16827: 16825: 16823: 16807: 16805: 16803: 16787: 16775: 16773: 16771: 16759: 16757: 16755: 16750:on 19 March 2020 16739: 16737: 16735: 16719: 16717: 16715: 16699: 16697: 16695: 16679: 16677: 16675: 16655: 16653: 16651: 16631: 16629: 16627: 16611: 16609: 16603:. Archived from 16598: 16588: 16578: 16568: 16535: 16533: 16531: 16513: 16503: 16476: 16474: 16472: 16456: 16454: 16452: 16439: 16437: 16435: 16419: 16418:on 21 July 2012. 16398: 16396: 16394: 16378: 16376: 16374: 16358: 16356: 16354: 16338: 16336: 16334: 16318: 16316: 16314: 16298: 16296: 16294: 16278: 16266: 16255: 16253: 16251: 16235: 16233: 16231: 16226:. City of Sydney 16211: 16196: 16194: 16192: 16176: 16174: 16172: 16156: 16154: 16152: 16139: 16137: 16135: 16119: 16116:The Conversation 16106: 16093: 16091: 16089: 16083: 16077:. Archived from 16072: 16062: 16060: 16058: 16042: 16037:. Archived from 16023: 16021: 16019: 16006: 16003:Internet Archive 15986: 15972: 15950: 15948: 15946: 15930: 15928: 15926: 15914: 15887: 15885: 15883: 15866: 15836: 15827: 15818: 15809: 15800: 15784: 15782: 15776:. Archived from 15759: 15749: 15718: 15706: 15694: 15673:Flood, Josephine 15668: 15666: 15664: 15659:on 21 March 2019 15658: 15651: 15642: 15640: 15638: 15623: 15615: 15613: 15611: 15606:. 29 August 2010 15595: 15593: 15591: 15575: 15554: 15552: 15550: 15534: 15533:– via ANU. 15511: 15498: 15493: 15469: 15467: 15465: 15455: 15446: 15436: 15424: 15405: 15386: 15384: 15382: 15377:. Ethnologue.com 15370: 15368: 15366: 15350: 15348: 15346: 15330: 15328: 15326: 15310: 15291: 15289: 15287: 15271: 15269: 15267: 15254: 15225: 15223: 15221: 15211:"'The Dreaming'" 15206: 15204: 15202: 15186: 15181:. Archived from 15170: 15149: 15147: 15145: 15140:. 9 January 2018 15129: 15120: 15118: 15116: 15096: 15085: 15083: 15081: 15075:australianscreen 15066: 15051: 15030: 15027:The Conversation 15017: 15004: 15002: 15000: 14984: 14982: 14980: 14969:Newcastle Herald 14959: 14957: 14955: 14942: 14905: 14893: 14891: 14889: 14871: 14852: 14850: 14848: 14825: 14823: 14821: 14815:The Courier Mail 14805: 14803: 14801: 14796:on 24 April 2015 14781: 14758: 14756: 14754: 14739: 14737: 14735: 14723: 14721: 14719: 14703: 14701: 14699: 14683: 14681: 14679: 14667: 14665: 14663: 14651: 14649: 14647: 14631: 14625: 14623: 14617: 14611:. Archived from 14600: 14589: 14587: 14585: 14569: 14567: 14565: 14549: 14543: 14541: 14525: 14507: 14470: 14468: 14466: 14450: 14442: 14440: 14438: 14422: 14420: 14418: 14402: 14379: 14377: 14375: 14358: 14348: 14323: 14302: 14285: 14283: 14281: 14264: 14262: 14260: 14247: 14169: 14167: 14165: 14156:. Archived from 14145: 14140:. Archived from 14128: 14080: 14059: 14040: 14038: 14036: 14020: 14018: 14006: 14000: 13998: 13993:. Gustav Neumann 13985: 13971: 13969: 13967: 13951: 13949: 13947: 13931: 13912: 13910: 13908: 13893: 13856: 13854: 13852: 13834: 13832: 13830: 13824:The Conversation 13814: 13812: 13810: 13804: 13794: 13781: 13779: 13777: 13759: 13757: 13755: 13743: 13741: 13739: 13723: 13721: 13719: 13714:on 16 April 2010 13703: 13701: 13699: 13690:. Archived from 13679: 13677: 13675: 13658: 13656: 13654: 13629: 13624: 13622: 13620: 13604: 13602: 13600: 13594: 13588:. Archived from 13583: 13574: 13533: 13531: 13529: 13520: 13511: 13495: 13476: 13474: 13472: 13467:on 20 April 2013 13466: 13459: 13446: 13444: 13442: 13425: 13420: 13418: 13400: 13399:on 6 March 2020. 13398: 13392:. Archived from 13377: 13367: 13357: 13347: 13338:(5): 1206–1215. 13322: 13312: 13294: 13261: 13259: 13257: 13241: 13239: 13237: 13221: 13209: 13207: 13205: 13185: 13183: 13181: 13176:on 13 April 2012 13161: 13155: 13153: 13135: 13133: 13131: 13119: 13117: 13115: 13110:. 5 January 2003 13099: 13087: 13085: 13083: 13074:. Archived from 13063: 13061: 13059: 13043: 13024: 13022: 13020: 13004: 13002: 13000: 12988: 12972: 12970: 12968: 12952: 12949:Internet Archive 12936: 12926: 12910: 12908: 12906: 12890: 12888: 12886: 12870: 12862: 12860: 12858: 12843: 12841: 12839: 12823: 12821: 12819: 12803: 12801: 12799: 12783: 12781: 12779: 12759: 12757: 12755: 12743: 12741: 12739: 12723: 12721: 12719: 12699: 12697: 12695: 12679: 12677: 12675: 12655: 12653: 12651: 12635: 12633: 12631: 12619: 12617: 12615: 12603: 12601: 12599: 12587: 12585: 12583: 12563: 12551: 12549: 12547: 12535: 12533: 12531: 12526:. 10 August 2021 12515: 12507: 12505: 12503: 12498:on 20 March 2008 12483: 12481: 12479: 12474:. 21 April 2004b 12463: 12451: 12439: 12437: 12435: 12410: 12401: 12395: 12389: 12383: 12377: 12371: 12362: 12356: 12347: 12341: 12335: 12329: 12323: 12317: 12311: 12305: 12299: 12293: 12287: 12281: 12275: 12269: 12263: 12257: 12251: 12240: 12234: 12228: 12222: 12216: 12210: 12204: 12198: 12192: 12186: 12180: 12174: 12168: 12162: 12156: 12150: 12144: 12138: 12132: 12126: 12120: 12114: 12108: 12099: 12093: 12087: 12081: 12075: 12069: 12063: 12057: 12051: 12042: 12036: 12030: 12024: 12018: 12012: 12006: 12000: 11994: 11988: 11982: 11976: 11970: 11961: 11955: 11949: 11943: 11937: 11928: 11922: 11916: 11910: 11904: 11898: 11892: 11889:Chrysanthos 2019 11886: 11877: 11876: 11874: 11872: 11858: 11852: 11851: 11849: 11847: 11833: 11827: 11821: 11815: 11809: 11803: 11797: 11791: 11785: 11779: 11773: 11767: 11761: 11755: 11749: 11743: 11737: 11731: 11725: 11719: 11713: 11707: 11701: 11695: 11689: 11683: 11677: 11671: 11665: 11659: 11653: 11647: 11641: 11635: 11634: 11618: 11612: 11606: 11600: 11594: 11588: 11582: 11571: 11565: 11559: 11553: 11544: 11538: 11532: 11526: 11520: 11514: 11508: 11502: 11496: 11490: 11484: 11478: 11472: 11463: 11457: 11451: 11438: 11432: 11426: 11423:ABS 1301.0 2005a 11420: 11411: 11405: 11399: 11393: 11378: 11372: 11366: 11360: 11354: 11348: 11342: 11336: 11330: 11324: 11318: 11312: 11306: 11300: 11294: 11288: 11282: 11276: 11270: 11264: 11258: 11252: 11246: 11240: 11234: 11228: 11222: 11219:ASO – Dead Heart 11216: 11210: 11204: 11198: 11192: 11186: 11180: 11174: 11168: 11162: 11156: 11150: 11144: 11138: 11129: 11123: 11117: 11111: 11105: 11099: 11093: 11087: 11081: 11075: 11069: 11063: 11057: 11051: 11045: 11039: 11033: 11027: 11021: 11015: 11009: 11003: 10997: 10991: 10985: 10979: 10973: 10967: 10961: 10955: 10949: 10943: 10937: 10931: 10925: 10919: 10913: 10907: 10901: 10892: 10889:ABS 4713.0 2010a 10886: 10880: 10874: 10865: 10859: 10853: 10847: 10841: 10835: 10829: 10823: 10817: 10811: 10805: 10799: 10788: 10782: 10776: 10770: 10764: 10758: 10752: 10746: 10737: 10731: 10725: 10719: 10713: 10707: 10701: 10695: 10689: 10683: 10677: 10671: 10665: 10659: 10653: 10647: 10641: 10635: 10629: 10623: 10617: 10611: 10605: 10599: 10590: 10584: 10578: 10572: 10566: 10560: 10554: 10548: 10542: 10536: 10530: 10527:Kelsey-Sugg 2022 10524: 10515: 10509: 10503: 10497: 10491: 10485: 10476: 10470: 10464: 10458: 10452: 10446: 10433: 10427: 10418: 10412: 10406: 10400: 10394: 10388: 10382: 10376: 10367: 10361: 10352: 10346: 10337: 10331: 10325: 10319: 10313: 10307: 10301: 10295: 10289: 10283: 10277: 10271: 10265: 10259: 10253: 10244: 10238: 10232: 10226: 10220: 10214: 10208: 10202: 10196: 10190: 10189: 10184:. Archived from 10174: 10168: 10162: 10156: 10150: 10144: 10138: 10129: 10123: 10117: 10111: 10105: 10099: 10086: 10080: 10071: 10065: 10056: 10050: 10044: 10038: 10032: 10026: 10020: 10014: 10008: 10002: 9996: 9990: 9984: 9978: 9972: 9966: 9960: 9954: 9945: 9939: 9933: 9927: 9921: 9915: 9909: 9903: 9897: 9891: 9885: 9879: 9873: 9867: 9861: 9855: 9849: 9843: 9837: 9831: 9825: 9819: 9813: 9810:AEC – milestones 9807: 9796: 9790: 9784: 9778: 9772: 9766: 9760: 9754: 9748: 9742: 9736: 9730: 9724: 9718: 9712: 9706: 9700: 9694: 9688: 9682: 9676: 9670: 9664: 9658: 9652: 9643: 9637: 9631: 9625: 9619: 9613: 9605: 9599: 9589: 9583: 9577: 9568: 9562: 9547: 9546: 9544: 9542: 9528: 9522: 9516: 9510: 9496: 9490: 9484: 9478: 9472: 9466: 9460: 9454: 9448: 9442: 9436: 9430: 9424: 9415: 9409: 9403: 9394: 9388: 9382: 9376: 9370: 9364: 9358: 9352: 9346: 9340: 9334: 9328: 9322: 9316: 9310: 9299: 9293: 9282: 9276: 9270: 9264: 9258: 9252: 9246: 9240: 9234: 9228: 9222: 9216: 9210: 9204: 9198: 9192: 9186: 9177: 9171: 9170:, pp. 79ff. 9165: 9159: 9153: 9147: 9141: 9135: 9134:, pp. 1–22. 9129: 9123: 9117: 9111: 9105: 9099: 9093: 9087: 9081: 9072: 9066: 9057: 9051: 9045: 9039: 9033: 9027: 9018: 9012: 9006: 9000: 8994: 8988: 8982: 8976: 8970: 8961: 8955: 8949: 8943: 8937: 8931: 8925: 8919: 8913: 8904: 8898: 8889: 8883: 8877: 8871: 8865: 8859: 8853: 8844: 8838: 8832: 8826: 8820: 8814: 8808: 8802: 8796: 8787: 8781: 8770: 8764: 8758: 8752: 8746: 8740: 8734: 8728: 8722: 8716: 8710: 8704: 8698: 8692: 8686: 8680: 8674: 8668: 8662: 8656: 8650: 8644: 8638: 8632: 8626: 8620: 8611: 8605: 8599: 8593: 8587: 8581: 8575: 8569: 8563: 8557: 8551: 8545: 8539: 8536:Bird et al. 2002 8533: 8527: 8521: 8515: 8509: 8503: 8497: 8491: 8485: 8476: 8470: 8461: 8455: 8446: 8440: 8434: 8428: 8422: 8416: 8410: 8404: 8398: 8392: 8386: 8380: 8374: 8368: 8359: 8353: 8347: 8341: 8335: 8329: 8323: 8317: 8311: 8305: 8299: 8293: 8287: 8281: 8275: 8269: 8263: 8257: 8251: 8245: 8239: 8233: 8227: 8221: 8215: 8209: 8203: 8197: 8191: 8185: 8179: 8173: 8167: 8161: 8155: 8149: 8143: 8137: 8131: 8125: 8119: 8113: 8107: 8101: 8082: 8076: 8065: 8059: 8053: 8047: 8041: 8035: 8026: 8020: 8014: 8008: 8002: 7996: 7987: 7981: 7975: 7969: 7963: 7957: 7951: 7945: 7939: 7933: 7927: 7921: 7912: 7906: 7900: 7894: 7888: 7882: 7876: 7870: 7864: 7858: 7852: 7846: 7840: 7834: 7828: 7822: 7816: 7810: 7804: 7798: 7792: 7783: 7777: 7771: 7765: 7759: 7753: 7747: 7741: 7735: 7729: 7723: 7717: 7711: 7705: 7695: 7689: 7683: 7677: 7671: 7665: 7659: 7650: 7644: 7638: 7632: 7623: 7622:, pp. 1–21. 7617: 7608: 7607: 7604:The Conversation 7595: 7589: 7583: 7574: 7568: 7559: 7553: 7544: 7538: 7525: 7519: 7513: 7507: 7501: 7495: 7486: 7480: 7469: 7468: 7466: 7457: 7451: 7445: 7424: 7423: 7410: 7404: 7398: 7389: 7383: 7377: 7371: 7362: 7356: 7350: 7344: 7328: 7325: 7319: 7312: 7306: 7302: 7296: 7289: 7283: 7276: 7270: 7262: 7256: 7249:to 350 in 1976" 7242: 7236: 7229:Appendix 1.2 ACT 7225:Appendix 1.1 NSW 7214: 7208: 7193: 7187: 7180: 7174: 7170: 7164: 7158: 7152: 7145: 7139: 7136: 7130: 7126: 7080:, media platform 7011: 7006: 7005: 7004: 6997: 6995:Australia portal 6992: 6991: 6990: 6958:, and academics 6928:Douglas Nicholls 6853:Albert Namatjira 6819: 6802:Australian flags 6667:Tony Wurramarrba 6596: 6544:standing ovation 6530:Malcolm Turnbull 6475:federal election 6470:in New Zealand. 6391:Marion Scrymgour 6375:Douglas Nicholls 6354:) parliament. A 6166: 6146: 6145: 6138: 6134:Political issues 6109: 6036:Board of Inquiry 6021:victims of crime 5928:higher education 5639:infant mortality 5494:player, with 14 5488:Evonne Goolagong 5478:Charles Lawrence 5409:people, and the 5299:, co-written by 5234:Warwick Thornton 5222:Blackfella Films 5203:pre-colonial era 4999: 4979: 4978: 4971: 4816: 4801: 4639:Elizabeth Durack 4637:(1875–1963) and 4635:Margaret Preston 4610:Albert Namatjira 4607: 4604: 4593:and the acrylic 4518:listed sites at 4480: 4460: 4447:Kimberley region 4439: 4376:From the 1870s, 4310:language revival 4294:European culture 4019: 4006: 3993: 3980: 3967: 3955: 3943: 3930: 3918: 3906: 3790:Attorney-General 3780: 3777: 3751: 3737: 3723: 3709: 3676:Gibbs v Capewell 3578:Pre-colonisation 3448: 3444: 3413:Section 51(xxvi) 3352:welfare payments 3293:issued a formal 3115:Douglas Nicholls 3107:Parliament House 3014:section 51(xxvi) 2967:Vincent Lingiari 2937:Evonne Goolagong 2913:Albert Namatjira 2879:was marked as a 2859: 2856: 2832:British subjects 2769: 2762: 2755: 2743: 2697:Papua New Guinea 2225:Ancestral domain 2212: 2189: 2188: 2021:Pacific Islander 1831:(1826), and the 1666:South Australia 1638:New South Wales 1573:State/territory 1570: 1566: 1395:hunter-gatherers 1320:Native Americans 1239:Native Americans 1229:, as well as to 1199:Eastern Eurasian 1184: 1021:saltwater people 1010:Freshwater tribe 995: 983: 971: 959: 947: 935: 923: 733: 730: 673: 670: 635: 592:Blak sovereignty 318:Papua New Guinea 71: 70: 49:Total population 46: 44: 38: 25795: 25794: 25790: 25789: 25788: 25786: 25785: 25784: 25765: 25764: 25763: 25758: 25747: 25742: 25737: 25727: 25722: 25712: 25707: 25697: 25692: 25682: 25677: 25660: 25647: 25617: 25612: 25552:Media portrayal 25515:1967 Referendum 25503: 25411:Gurindji Strike 25406:Day of Mourning 25358: 25268: 25161: 25108: 25006: 24962:Language groups 24928: 24770: 24722: 24674: 24669: 24639: 24634: 24599: 24522: 24516: 24499: 24493: 24474:Solomon Islands 24412: 24407: 24371: 24201: 24180: 24099: 24065:Solomon Islands 23932: 23855: 23849: 23832: 23826: 23807:Solomon Islands 23745: 23740: 23698: 23682: 23605: 23599: 23582: 23576: 23557:Solomon Islands 23495: 23490: 23445: 23392:Aloha Festivals 23367: 23241: 23200:Paopao (Tuvalu) 23190:Māori migration 23138: 23110:Stick charts of 23064:Solomon Islands 22947:Chatham Islands 22909: 22903: 22852: 22732: 22725: 22720: 22690: 22685: 22672: 22665: 22658: 22651: 22638: 22599:Public holidays 22540: 22484:Life expectancy 22397: 22279: 22230: 22019: 21991: 21977:Protected areas 21883: 21822: 21755: 21746: 21708: 21706: 21696: 21688: 21676: 21664: 21655: 21653: 21644: 21635: 21633: 21628: 21619: 21617: 21616:on 15 July 2010 21608: 21596: 21593: 21592: 21591: 21581: 21580: 21576: 21569: 21564: 21545: 21544:978-929142462-7 21534: 21520: 21518: 21514: 21508: 21497: 21493: 21407: 21388:10.2307/3014371 21293: 21291: 21290:on 8 March 2019 21287: 21272: 21254: 21253:978-157181410-4 21235: 21196: 21194: 21190: 21185: 21176: 21174: 21146: 21137: 21135: 21120: 21118: 21109:Garde, Murray. 21099: 21097: 21093: 21082: 21068: 21066: 21053: 21044: 21032: 21023: 21021: 21012: 21000: 20991: 20989: 20980: 20971: 20969: 20960: 20946: 20934: 20924: 20922: 20913: 20904: 20902:Further reading 20899: 20892: 20885: 20868: 20866: 20825: 20727: 20725: 20682: 20680: 20660: 20659:978-064226954-6 20632: 20621: 20605: 20603: 20585: 20583: 20559: 20549: 20548:978-073152874-5 20525: 20523: 20505: 20503: 20485: 20483: 20456: 20454: 20452:Parks Australia 20437: 20435: 20421: 20419: 20401: 20399: 20362: 20360: 20343: 20341: 20317: 20302: 20283: 20281: 20263: 20261: 20249: 20221: 20122: 20120: 20076: 20058: 20023: 20021: 20003: 20001: 19987:10.1071/RJ10009 19963: 19961: 19947: 19945: 19928: 19906: 19904: 19885: 19874: 19820: 19806: 19804: 19771: 19737: 19735: 19734:on 1 April 2015 19711: 19709: 19702:Reef Catchments 19677: 19648: 19646: 19618: 19607: 19548: 19546: 19545:on 3 April 2013 19502: 19501:978-192502163-9 19487: 19476: 19475:978-174223392-5 19454: 19452: 19434: 19432: 19415:Wayback Machine 19398: 19396: 19358: 19356: 19352: 19339: 19337: 19325: 19312: 19310: 19294: 19288: 19277: 19232:(6052): 94–98. 19210: 19208: 19191: 19189: 19158: 19156: 19138: 19136: 19112: 19105: 19092: 19090: 19071: 19069: 19065: 19043: 19041: 19013: 18994: 18993:978-191134478-0 18975: 18974:978-085575549-2 18903: 18901: 18883: 18881: 18859: 18808: 18806: 18788: 18786: 18761: 18759: 18741: 18739: 18724: 18722: 18704: 18702: 18684: 18682: 18650: 18649:978-192124882-5 18601: 18599: 18585: 18583: 18552: 18550: 18530: 18528: 18514: 18512: 18508: 18501: 18431: 18424: 18410: 18408: 18384: 18382: 18368: 18366: 18328: 18314: 18312: 18311:on 23 July 2007 18294: 18292: 18278: 18276: 18192: 18190: 18172: 18170: 18151: 18149: 18126: 18124: 18076: 17998: 17997:978-064227895-1 17979: 17971:. p. 229. 17951: 17949: 17758: 17756: 17630: 17616: 17614: 17592: 17590: 17548: 17546: 17537:Londey, Peter. 17530: 17529:978-174305499-4 17520:Wakefield Press 17504: 17502: 17484: 17482: 17467: 17465: 17384: 17358: 17356: 17341: 17339: 17321: 17319: 17301: 17299: 17295: 17282: 17280: 17241: 17239: 17221: 17219: 17201: 17199: 17181: 17179: 17148: 17146: 17123: 17121: 17120:on 4 April 2010 17102: 17101:978-157181410-4 17080: 17078: 17067:The World Today 17029: 17027: 17009: 17007: 16932: 16930: 16912: 16910: 16908:Parks Australia 16893: 16891: 16873: 16871: 16843: 16821: 16819: 16801: 16799: 16798:. 2 August 2008 16769: 16767: 16753: 16751: 16733: 16731: 16730:on 14 June 2010 16713: 16711: 16693: 16691: 16673: 16671: 16649: 16647: 16625: 16623: 16607: 16596: 16529: 16527: 16470: 16468: 16450: 16448: 16433: 16431: 16392: 16390: 16372: 16370: 16369:on 3 March 2009 16352: 16350: 16332: 16330: 16329:on 28 June 2016 16312: 16310: 16292: 16290: 16249: 16247: 16229: 16227: 16190: 16188: 16170: 16168: 16150: 16148: 16133: 16131: 16087: 16085: 16081: 16070: 16056: 16054: 16034:Cosmos Magazine 16017: 16015: 15999: 15969: 15944: 15942: 15924: 15922: 15903: 15881: 15879: 15855: 15839: 15783:on 15 May 2013. 15780: 15757: 15738: 15715: 15714:978-098033207-0 15704: 15691: 15690:978-020718448-2 15662: 15660: 15656: 15649: 15636: 15634: 15609: 15607: 15589: 15587: 15572: 15548: 15546: 15531: 15530:978-192502288-9 15490: 15463: 15461: 15453: 15434: 15421: 15402: 15380: 15378: 15364: 15362: 15344: 15342: 15324: 15322: 15307: 15306:978-095777280-9 15285: 15283: 15265: 15263: 15219: 15217: 15200: 15198: 15195:Closing the Gap 15191:"Draft Targets" 15185:on 1 June 2011. 15167: 15143: 15141: 15114: 15112: 15079: 15077: 14998: 14996: 14978: 14976: 14953: 14951: 14887: 14885: 14868: 14867:978-174258807-0 14846: 14844: 14819: 14817: 14799: 14797: 14752: 14750: 14733: 14731: 14717: 14715: 14714:on 29 July 2013 14697: 14695: 14677: 14675: 14661: 14659: 14645: 14643: 14621: 14619: 14615: 14609: 14598: 14583: 14581: 14563: 14561: 14539: 14537: 14464: 14462: 14436: 14434: 14416: 14414: 14399: 14373: 14371: 14346:10.1071/rs18007 14320: 14279: 14277: 14258: 14256: 14244: 14224:Broome, Richard 14198:South Australia 14180:New South Wales 14163: 14161: 14160:on 22 July 2008 14077: 14056: 14055:978-174331382-4 14034: 14032: 14016: 13996: 13994: 13965: 13963: 13945: 13943: 13928: 13927:978-033329949-4 13918:A Land Half Won 13906: 13904: 13850: 13848: 13828: 13826: 13808: 13806: 13802: 13775: 13773: 13753: 13751: 13737: 13735: 13717: 13715: 13697: 13695: 13673: 13671: 13652: 13650: 13618: 13616: 13598: 13596: 13592: 13581: 13527: 13525: 13518: 13492: 13470: 13468: 13464: 13457: 13440: 13438: 13416: 13414: 13396: 13390: 13375: 13255: 13253: 13235: 13233: 13203: 13201: 13179: 13177: 13151: 13149: 13129: 13127: 13113: 13111: 13081: 13079: 13057: 13055: 13042:on 1 July 2014. 13018: 13016: 12998: 12996: 12966: 12964: 12945: 12904: 12902: 12884: 12882: 12856: 12854: 12837: 12835: 12834:. 28 April 2016 12817: 12815: 12797: 12795: 12777: 12775: 12753: 12751: 12737: 12735: 12717: 12715: 12693: 12691: 12673: 12671: 12649: 12647: 12629: 12627: 12613: 12611: 12597: 12595: 12581: 12579: 12545: 12543: 12529: 12527: 12501: 12499: 12477: 12475: 12433: 12431: 12418: 12413: 12402: 12398: 12390: 12386: 12378: 12374: 12363: 12359: 12348: 12344: 12336: 12332: 12324: 12320: 12312: 12308: 12300: 12296: 12288: 12284: 12276: 12272: 12264: 12260: 12252: 12243: 12235: 12231: 12225:EnviroNorth n.d 12223: 12219: 12213:Wellington 2019 12211: 12207: 12199: 12195: 12187: 12183: 12175: 12171: 12163: 12159: 12151: 12147: 12139: 12135: 12127: 12123: 12115: 12111: 12100: 12096: 12090:O'Sullivan 2017 12088: 12084: 12076: 12072: 12064: 12060: 12052: 12045: 12037: 12033: 12025: 12021: 12013: 12009: 12001: 11997: 11989: 11985: 11977: 11973: 11962: 11958: 11950: 11946: 11938: 11931: 11923: 11919: 11911: 11907: 11899: 11895: 11887: 11880: 11870: 11868: 11860: 11859: 11855: 11845: 11843: 11835: 11834: 11830: 11822: 11818: 11810: 11806: 11798: 11794: 11786: 11782: 11774: 11770: 11762: 11758: 11750: 11746: 11738: 11734: 11728:ABS 4510.0 2017 11726: 11722: 11714: 11710: 11702: 11698: 11690: 11686: 11678: 11674: 11666: 11662: 11654: 11650: 11644:ABS 4714.0 2016 11642: 11638: 11619: 11615: 11607: 11603: 11595: 11591: 11585:CtG Report 2019 11583: 11574: 11566: 11562: 11554: 11547: 11539: 11535: 11527: 11523: 11515: 11511: 11503: 11499: 11491: 11487: 11479: 11475: 11464: 11460: 11452: 11441: 11433: 11429: 11421: 11414: 11408:ABS 4704.0 2008 11406: 11402: 11394: 11381: 11373: 11369: 11361: 11357: 11351:Farnsworth 2007 11349: 11345: 11337: 11333: 11325: 11321: 11315:Blandowski 1862 11313: 11309: 11301: 11297: 11289: 11285: 11277: 11273: 11265: 11261: 11253: 11249: 11241: 11237: 11229: 11225: 11217: 11213: 11205: 11201: 11193: 11189: 11181: 11177: 11169: 11165: 11157: 11153: 11145: 11141: 11130: 11126: 11118: 11114: 11106: 11102: 11096:Aboriginal Arts 11094: 11090: 11082: 11078: 11070: 11066: 11058: 11054: 11046: 11042: 11034: 11030: 11022: 11018: 11010: 11006: 10998: 10994: 10986: 10982: 10974: 10970: 10962: 10958: 10950: 10946: 10938: 10934: 10926: 10922: 10914: 10910: 10902: 10895: 10887: 10883: 10875: 10868: 10860: 10856: 10848: 10844: 10836: 10832: 10824: 10820: 10812: 10808: 10800: 10791: 10783: 10779: 10771: 10767: 10759: 10755: 10747: 10740: 10732: 10728: 10724:, pp. 7–9. 10720: 10716: 10708: 10704: 10696: 10692: 10684: 10680: 10672: 10668: 10660: 10656: 10648: 10644: 10638:Zuckermann 2009 10636: 10632: 10624: 10620: 10612: 10608: 10602:ABS 3238.0 2018 10600: 10593: 10585: 10581: 10575:ABS 2077.0 2018 10573: 10569: 10561: 10557: 10549: 10545: 10537: 10533: 10525: 10518: 10510: 10506: 10498: 10494: 10486: 10479: 10471: 10467: 10463:, pp. 3–4. 10459: 10455: 10447: 10436: 10428: 10421: 10413: 10409: 10401: 10397: 10389: 10385: 10377: 10370: 10362: 10355: 10347: 10340: 10332: 10328: 10320: 10316: 10308: 10304: 10296: 10292: 10284: 10280: 10272: 10268: 10260: 10256: 10245: 10241: 10233: 10229: 10221: 10217: 10209: 10205: 10197: 10193: 10176: 10175: 10171: 10163: 10159: 10151: 10147: 10139: 10132: 10124: 10120: 10112: 10108: 10100: 10089: 10081: 10074: 10066: 10059: 10051: 10047: 10039: 10035: 10027: 10023: 10015: 10011: 10003: 9999: 9991: 9987: 9979: 9975: 9967: 9963: 9955: 9948: 9940: 9936: 9928: 9924: 9916: 9912: 9904: 9900: 9892: 9888: 9880: 9876: 9868: 9864: 9856: 9852: 9844: 9840: 9834:NMoA – walk-off 9832: 9828: 9820: 9816: 9808: 9799: 9791: 9787: 9779: 9775: 9767: 9763: 9755: 9751: 9743: 9739: 9731: 9727: 9719: 9715: 9707: 9703: 9695: 9691: 9683: 9679: 9671: 9667: 9659: 9655: 9647:Five Fast Facts 9644: 9640: 9632: 9628: 9620: 9616: 9606: 9602: 9590: 9586: 9578: 9571: 9563: 9550: 9540: 9538: 9530: 9529: 9525: 9517: 9513: 9497: 9493: 9485: 9481: 9473: 9469: 9461: 9457: 9449: 9445: 9437: 9433: 9425: 9418: 9410: 9406: 9395: 9391: 9383: 9379: 9371: 9367: 9359: 9355: 9347: 9343: 9335: 9331: 9323: 9319: 9311: 9302: 9294: 9285: 9277: 9273: 9265: 9261: 9253: 9249: 9241: 9237: 9229: 9225: 9217: 9213: 9205: 9201: 9193: 9189: 9178: 9174: 9166: 9162: 9154: 9150: 9142: 9138: 9130: 9126: 9118: 9114: 9106: 9102: 9094: 9090: 9082: 9075: 9067: 9060: 9052: 9048: 9040: 9036: 9028: 9021: 9013: 9009: 9001: 8997: 8989: 8985: 8977: 8973: 8962: 8958: 8950: 8946: 8938: 8934: 8926: 8922: 8914: 8907: 8899: 8892: 8884: 8880: 8872: 8868: 8860: 8856: 8845: 8841: 8833: 8829: 8821: 8817: 8809: 8805: 8797: 8790: 8782: 8773: 8765: 8761: 8753: 8749: 8741: 8737: 8729: 8725: 8717: 8713: 8705: 8701: 8693: 8689: 8681: 8677: 8669: 8665: 8657: 8653: 8645: 8641: 8633: 8629: 8621: 8614: 8606: 8602: 8594: 8590: 8582: 8578: 8570: 8566: 8558: 8554: 8546: 8542: 8538:, p. 1074. 8534: 8530: 8522: 8518: 8510: 8506: 8498: 8494: 8486: 8479: 8471: 8464: 8456: 8449: 8441: 8437: 8429: 8425: 8417: 8413: 8405: 8401: 8393: 8389: 8381: 8377: 8369: 8362: 8354: 8350: 8342: 8338: 8330: 8326: 8318: 8314: 8306: 8302: 8294: 8290: 8282: 8278: 8270: 8266: 8258: 8254: 8246: 8242: 8234: 8230: 8222: 8218: 8210: 8206: 8198: 8194: 8186: 8182: 8174: 8170: 8162: 8158: 8150: 8146: 8138: 8134: 8126: 8122: 8114: 8110: 8102: 8085: 8077: 8068: 8060: 8056: 8048: 8044: 8038:ABS Census 2017 8036: 8029: 8021: 8017: 8009: 8005: 7997: 7990: 7982: 7978: 7970: 7966: 7958: 7954: 7946: 7942: 7934: 7930: 7922: 7915: 7907: 7903: 7895: 7891: 7883: 7879: 7871: 7867: 7859: 7855: 7847: 7843: 7835: 7831: 7823: 7819: 7811: 7807: 7799: 7795: 7784: 7780: 7772: 7768: 7762:Media RING 2018 7760: 7756: 7748: 7744: 7736: 7732: 7724: 7720: 7712: 7708: 7696: 7692: 7684: 7680: 7672: 7668: 7660: 7653: 7645: 7641: 7633: 7626: 7618: 7611: 7596: 7592: 7586:ABS 1301.0 2002 7584: 7577: 7569: 7562: 7554: 7547: 7539: 7528: 7520: 7516: 7508: 7504: 7496: 7489: 7481: 7472: 7464: 7458: 7454: 7446: 7427: 7412: 7411: 7407: 7399: 7392: 7384: 7380: 7372: 7365: 7357: 7353: 7345: 7341: 7337: 7332: 7331: 7326: 7322: 7313: 7309: 7303: 7299: 7293:ABS 2017.0 2017 7290: 7286: 7277: 7273: 7269:, p. 205). 7263: 7259: 7243: 7239: 7215: 7211: 7194: 7190: 7186:, p. 153). 7181: 7177: 7171: 7167: 7159: 7155: 7146: 7142: 7137: 7133: 7127: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7007: 7002: 7000: 6993: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6936:Charles Perkins 6932:South Australia 6865:Deborah Mailman 6834:King George III 6812: 6806:Sydney Olympics 6787: 6781: 6761:South Australia 6693: 6681:Main articles: 6679: 6592: 6570: 6564: 6441: 6399:Alison Anderson 6371:South Australia 6360:Bathurst Island 6330:In March 2013, 6247:1967 referendum 6235: 6221: 6212:Day of Mourning 6180: 6171: 6147: 6143: 6136: 6120: 6112:Closing the Gap 6107: 6080: 6074: 6072:Family violence 6034:commissioned a 5996: 5990: 5965: 5941:Closing the Gap 5902: 5896:Closing the Gap 5892: 5865:Petrol sniffing 5848:smoking tobacco 5840:methamphetamine 5836:petrol sniffing 5828:substance abuse 5824: 5822:Substance abuse 5788: 5776: 5774:Life expectancy 5760:type 2 diabetes 5729: 5723: 5677:Closing the Gap 5647:substance abuse 5635:life expectancy 5615:psychologically 5611:children abused 5602: 5600:Closing the Gap 5596: 5594:Closing the Gap 5591: 5460:, December 1866 5431:Gavin Wanganeen 5415:New South Wales 5361:regions of the 5334: 5328: 5323: 5317: 5272:Top End Wedding 5254:Miranda Tapsell 5230:Deborah Mailman 5079:Thomas Keneally 5051:Robert Tudawali 5027:Baldwin Spencer 5022: 5004: 4980: 4976: 4969: 4903:Tara June Winch 4827: 4826: 4825: 4824: 4823: 4817: 4809: 4808: 4802: 4791: 4785: 4657: 4649:Main articles: 4647: 4605: 4534:in Sydney. The 4508: 4502: 4496: 4495: 4494: 4493: 4492: 4481: 4472: 4471: 4470: 4461: 4452: 4451: 4450: 4440: 4429: 4424: 4418: 4412: 4399: 4374: 4350: 4328:people only in 4290: 4284: 4271: 4265: 4226:Rainbow Serpent 4208: 4202: 4197: 4183:Depiction of a 4177: 4157:Papuan language 4133: 4127: 4111: 4049: 4037:Main articles: 4035: 4030: 4023: 4020: 4011: 4007: 3998: 3994: 3985: 3981: 3972: 3968: 3959: 3956: 3947: 3944: 3935: 3931: 3922: 3919: 3910: 3907: 3898: 3893: 3843: 3840: 3834: 3778: 3764: 3759: 3758: 3757: 3756: 3755: 3752: 3743: 3742: 3741: 3738: 3729: 3728: 3727: 3724: 3715: 3714: 3713: 3710: 3699: 3693: 3627:church missions 3599: 3593: 3580: 3443: 3435:1967 referendum 3400: 3330: 3303: 3237: 3231: 3208:hunter-gatherer 3151:Shadow Minister 3113:. In 1976, Sir 3002:1967 referendum 2969:led the famous 2946: 2905: 2881:Day of Mourning 2857: 2851:South Australia 2824:cattle stations 2811: 2799:church missions 2783: 2773: 2741: 2616:Inhabited lands 2230:Cultural rights 2187: 2172:on the lawn of 2138: 2129:Murdering Gully 2088:Rottnest Island 2068: 2060:Main articles: 2058: 2034:Rottnest Island 1937:fishermen from 1915: 1899:Thursday Island 1798:Batman's Treaty 1787: 1751:King George III 1743:William Dampier 1727: 1722: 1698: 1582: 1577: 1463:Thomas Mitchell 1372: 1367: 1355: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1185: 1174: 1168: 1087: 1082: 1077: 1067: 1055:Main articles: 1053: 1037:spinifex people 1013: 1006: 1004:Other groupings 999: 996: 987: 984: 975: 972: 963: 960: 951: 948: 939: 936: 927: 924: 883:Papuan language 865: 859: 797:– are all from 743:South Australia 731: 705: 693:Main articles: 671: 657: 652: 650:Regional groups 633: 594: 588: 532: 526: 464: 439: 433:report (1997). 329:self-identified 327:812,728 people 267: 227: 223: 218: 216: 140:South Australia 75:New South Wales 59: 42: 41: 37: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 25793: 25783: 25782: 25777: 25760: 25759: 25752: 25749: 25748: 25744: 25743: 25730: 25728: 25715: 25713: 25700: 25698: 25685: 25683: 25670: 25665: 25662: 25661: 25646: 25645: 25638: 25631: 25623: 25614: 25613: 25611: 25610: 25605: 25604: 25603: 25598: 25593: 25581: 25580: 25579: 25577:Half-Caste Act 25569: 25567:Reconciliation 25564: 25559: 25554: 25549: 25548: 25547: 25545:Protected Area 25542: 25532: 25527: 25522: 25517: 25511: 25509: 25505: 25504: 25502: 25501: 25496: 25491: 25490: 25489: 25479: 25474: 25472:Pilbara strike 25469: 25462: 25457: 25452: 25451: 25450: 25440: 25435: 25434: 25433: 25428: 25418: 25413: 25408: 25403: 25398: 25393: 25392: 25391: 25386: 25376: 25368: 25366: 25360: 25359: 25357: 25356: 25351: 25346: 25341: 25336: 25331: 25326: 25325: 25324: 25319: 25309: 25304: 25299: 25294: 25289: 25284: 25278: 25276: 25270: 25269: 25267: 25266: 25261: 25256: 25251: 25249:Spinifex resin 25246: 25241: 25236: 25231: 25226: 25221: 25216: 25211: 25206: 25201: 25196: 25191: 25186: 25181: 25175: 25173: 25167: 25166: 25163: 25162: 25160: 25159: 25154: 25149: 25144: 25139: 25134: 25129: 25124: 25118: 25116: 25107: 25106: 25100: 25099: 25098: 25097: 25092: 25082: 25077: 25072: 25067: 25062: 25057: 25052: 25047: 25042: 25037: 25032: 25027: 25022: 25016: 25014: 25008: 25007: 25005: 25004: 24999: 24994: 24989: 24987:Sign languages 24984: 24979: 24974: 24969: 24964: 24959: 24954: 24949: 24944: 24938: 24936: 24930: 24929: 24927: 24926: 24921: 24916: 24911: 24906: 24901: 24896: 24891: 24886: 24881: 24876: 24871: 24866: 24861: 24856: 24851: 24846: 24841: 24840: 24839: 24834: 24826: 24821: 24816: 24811: 24806: 24801: 24796: 24791: 24786: 24780: 24778: 24772: 24771: 24769: 24768: 24763: 24761:Visual artists 24758: 24753: 24748: 24743: 24738: 24732: 24730: 24724: 24723: 24721: 24720: 24715: 24710: 24705: 24700: 24695: 24690: 24684: 24682: 24676: 24675: 24668: 24667: 24660: 24653: 24645: 24636: 24635: 24608: 24605: 24604: 24601: 24600: 24598: 24597: 24592: 24587: 24582: 24577: 24575:Norfolk Island 24572: 24567: 24562: 24557: 24552: 24547: 24542: 24537: 24532: 24530:American Samoa 24526: 24524: 24518: 24517: 24515: 24514: 24509: 24503: 24501: 24500:of New Zealand 24495: 24494: 24492: 24491: 24486: 24481: 24476: 24471: 24466: 24461: 24456: 24451: 24446: 24441: 24436: 24431: 24426: 24420: 24418: 24414: 24413: 24406: 24405: 24398: 24391: 24383: 24377: 24373: 24372: 24370: 24369: 24364: 24359: 24354: 24349: 24344: 24339: 24334: 24329: 24324: 24319: 24314: 24309: 24304: 24299: 24294: 24289: 24284: 24279: 24274: 24269: 24264: 24259: 24254: 24249: 24244: 24239: 24236: 24230: 24225: 24220: 24215: 24209: 24207: 24203: 24202: 24200: 24199: 24194: 24188: 24186: 24182: 24181: 24179: 24178: 24173: 24168: 24163: 24158: 24153: 24148: 24143: 24138: 24133: 24128: 24123: 24118: 24113: 24107: 24105: 24101: 24100: 24098: 24097: 24092: 24087: 24082: 24077: 24072: 24067: 24062: 24057: 24052: 24047: 24042: 24037: 24032: 24027: 24026: 24025: 24015: 24010: 24005: 24000: 23995: 23990: 23985: 23980: 23975: 23970: 23965: 23960: 23955: 23950: 23944: 23942: 23938: 23937: 23934: 23933: 23931: 23930: 23925: 23920: 23915: 23910: 23908:Norfolk Island 23905: 23900: 23895: 23890: 23885: 23880: 23875: 23870: 23865: 23863:American Samoa 23859: 23857: 23851: 23850: 23848: 23847: 23842: 23836: 23834: 23833:of New Zealand 23828: 23827: 23825: 23824: 23819: 23814: 23809: 23804: 23799: 23794: 23789: 23784: 23779: 23774: 23769: 23764: 23759: 23753: 23751: 23747: 23746: 23739: 23738: 23731: 23724: 23716: 23710: 23704: 23703: 23700: 23699: 23694: 23692: 23688: 23687: 23684: 23683: 23681: 23680: 23675: 23670: 23665: 23660: 23658:Norfolk Island 23655: 23650: 23645: 23640: 23635: 23630: 23625: 23620: 23615: 23613:American Samoa 23609: 23607: 23601: 23600: 23598: 23597: 23592: 23586: 23584: 23583:of New Zealand 23578: 23577: 23575: 23574: 23569: 23564: 23559: 23554: 23549: 23544: 23539: 23534: 23529: 23524: 23519: 23514: 23509: 23503: 23501: 23497: 23496: 23489: 23488: 23481: 23474: 23466: 23460: 23453: 23447: 23446: 23444: 23443: 23438: 23437: 23436: 23426: 23425: 23424: 23419: 23411: 23406: 23405: 23404: 23399: 23394: 23386: 23385: 23384: 23382:Garma Festival 23375: 23373: 23369: 23368: 23366: 23365: 23360: 23355: 23350: 23345: 23340: 23335: 23330: 23325: 23320: 23315: 23310: 23305: 23300: 23295: 23290: 23285: 23280: 23275: 23270: 23265: 23260: 23255: 23249: 23247: 23243: 23242: 23240: 23239: 23234: 23233: 23232: 23222: 23217: 23212: 23207: 23202: 23197: 23192: 23187: 23182: 23177: 23172: 23167: 23162: 23157: 23155:Alingano Maisu 23152: 23146: 23144: 23140: 23139: 23137: 23136: 23135: 23134: 23127: 23115: 23114: 23113: 23101: 23096: 23091: 23086: 23081: 23076: 23071: 23066: 23061: 23056: 23051: 23046: 23041: 23039:Norfolk Island 23036: 23031: 23030: 23029: 23019: 23014: 23009: 23004: 22999: 22994: 22993: 22992: 22980: 22979: 22978: 22971: 22959: 22954: 22949: 22944: 22932: 22927: 22926: 22925: 22913: 22911: 22905: 22904: 22902: 22901: 22896: 22891: 22886: 22881: 22876: 22871: 22866: 22860: 22858: 22854: 22853: 22851: 22850: 22845: 22840: 22835: 22830: 22825: 22820: 22815: 22810: 22805: 22800: 22795: 22794: 22793: 22783: 22778: 22773: 22768: 22766:kapa (Hawaiʻi) 22763: 22758: 22753: 22748: 22742: 22740: 22734: 22733: 22730: 22727: 22726: 22719: 22718: 22711: 22704: 22696: 22687: 22686: 22684: 22683: 22678: 22671: 22670: 22663: 22656: 22648: 22647: 22644: 22643: 22640: 22639: 22637: 22636: 22631: 22626: 22621: 22616: 22611: 22606: 22601: 22596: 22591: 22586: 22581: 22576: 22571: 22566: 22561: 22556: 22550: 22548: 22542: 22541: 22539: 22538: 22533: 22528: 22523: 22518: 22513: 22508: 22507: 22506: 22501: 22496: 22486: 22481: 22476: 22471: 22466: 22461: 22456: 22451: 22446: 22441: 22436: 22431: 22426: 22421: 22415: 22409: 22403: 22402: 22399: 22398: 22396: 22395: 22393:Welfare system 22390: 22385: 22380: 22375: 22370: 22368:Superannuation 22365: 22363:Stock exchange 22360: 22355: 22350: 22345: 22340: 22335: 22330: 22329: 22328: 22326:Public housing 22321:Home ownership 22318: 22313: 22308: 22303: 22297: 22291: 22285: 22284: 22281: 22280: 22278: 22277: 22276: 22275: 22268:Prime Minister 22265: 22264: 22263: 22253: 22252: 22251: 22240: 22238: 22232: 22231: 22229: 22228: 22226:Shadow Cabinet 22223: 22222: 22221: 22216: 22206: 22204:Public Service 22201: 22200: 22199: 22194: 22189: 22184: 22179: 22174: 22169: 22164: 22154: 22149: 22144: 22139: 22134: 22133: 22132: 22127: 22122: 22112: 22107: 22106: 22105: 22100: 22095: 22085: 22080: 22078:Federal budget 22075: 22074: 22073: 22068: 22063: 22053: 22048: 22043: 22037: 22031: 22025: 22024: 22021: 22020: 22018: 22017: 22012: 22007: 22001: 21999: 21993: 21992: 21990: 21989: 21984: 21979: 21974: 21969: 21964: 21959: 21954: 21949: 21944: 21939: 21934: 21933: 21932: 21922: 21917: 21912: 21910:Climate change 21907: 21901: 21895: 21889: 21888: 21885: 21884: 21882: 21881: 21876: 21871: 21866: 21861: 21856: 21851: 21846: 21841: 21839:Constitutional 21836: 21830: 21828: 21824: 21823: 21821: 21820: 21815: 21810: 21805: 21800: 21795: 21790: 21785: 21780: 21775: 21769: 21763: 21757: 21756: 21745: 21744: 21737: 21730: 21722: 21716: 21715: 21694: 21686: 21674: 21662: 21642: 21626: 21606: 21590: 21589: 21583: 21582: 21571: 21570: 21568: 21567:External links 21565: 21563: 21562: 21549: 21543: 21527: 21506: 21485: 21484: 21458: 21400: 21382:(4): 404–412. 21367: 21300: 21259: 21258: 21252: 21239: 21233: 21212: 21211: 21191:(Zoomable map) 21183: 21161: 21144: 21127: 21106: 21075: 21051: 21042: 21030: 21010: 20998: 20978: 20958: 20957: 20956: 20944: 20905: 20903: 20900: 20898: 20897: 20875: 20859:The Australian 20850: 20837: 20823: 20805: 20793: 20758: 20749: 20734: 20689: 20664: 20658: 20645: 20636: 20630: 20612: 20592: 20572: 20564:United Service 20552: 20547: 20532: 20512: 20492: 20472: 20463: 20444: 20428: 20408: 20392: 20369: 20350: 20334: 20321: 20315: 20290: 20280:on 10 May 2013 20270: 20253: 20247: 20234: 20225: 20219: 20204: 20141: 20129: 20107: 20106: 20105: 20062: 20056: 20042: 20030: 20010: 19991: 19970: 19954: 19932: 19926: 19913: 19889: 19883: 19865: 19831:(3): 203–217. 19813: 19793: 19780: 19765: 19756: 19754:. 4 June 2018. 19744: 19718: 19694: 19681: 19675: 19655: 19635: 19622: 19616: 19598: 19570:(4): 356–364. 19555: 19535: 19506: 19500: 19480: 19474: 19461: 19441: 19417: 19395:on 7 July 2020 19381: 19365: 19346: 19319: 19299: 19286: 19268: 19217: 19198: 19178: 19165: 19145: 19125: 19117: 19099: 19079: 19058: 19050: 19025: 19011: 18998: 18992: 18979: 18973: 18960: 18944:Before Farming 18939: 18927:10.1086/203909 18910: 18890: 18868: 18844: 18815: 18795: 18780:Adams, Phillip 18768: 18748: 18731: 18711: 18691: 18675:The Australian 18667: 18654: 18648: 18640:Magabala Books 18638:. Broome, WA: 18629: 18619:(27): 93–101. 18608: 18592: 18582:. 1 April 2006 18572: 18559: 18537: 18521: 18495: 18469:(3): 367–381. 18458: 18449: 18441:"The Blakyard" 18436: 18417: 18391: 18375: 18365:on 1 July 2005 18354: 18341: 18321: 18301: 18285: 18268: 18259: 18238: 18212:(3): 329–349. 18199: 18179: 18158: 18133: 18113: 18078: 18048:(2): 297–305. 18033: 18012:Arena Magazine 18002: 17996: 17983: 17977: 17958: 17936: 17928: 17875: 17824: 17765: 17744: 17732:10.1086/522350 17715: 17696: 17675: 17623: 17599: 17583: 17570: 17555: 17534: 17528: 17511: 17491: 17474: 17450: 17412:(4): 889–902. 17397: 17388: 17382: 17365: 17348: 17328: 17308: 17289: 17273: 17263:(1): 132–153. 17248: 17228: 17208: 17188: 17168: 17155: 17130: 17106: 17100: 17087: 17058: 17045: 17036: 17016: 16995: 16973:10.1086/346065 16967:(2): 281–302. 16952: 16948:The Australian 16939: 16919: 16900: 16880: 16860: 16847: 16841: 16828: 16808: 16796:The Australian 16788: 16784:The Australian 16776: 16760: 16740: 16720: 16700: 16680: 16656: 16632: 16622:. 3 July 2016b 16612: 16589: 16536: 16514: 16477: 16457: 16440: 16421: 16399: 16379: 16359: 16339: 16319: 16299: 16279: 16267: 16262:The Advertiser 16256: 16236: 16212: 16197: 16187:on 23 May 2013 16177: 16157: 16140: 16120: 16107: 16094: 16063: 16052:Yidaki History 16043: 16024: 16007: 15997: 15973: 15967: 15955:Gilbert, Kevin 15951: 15931: 15915: 15901: 15888: 15867: 15853: 15840: 15838: 15837: 15828: 15819: 15810: 15801: 15799:, p. 163. 15785: 15768:(3): 163–174. 15750: 15746:j.ctt24hfb0.12 15736: 15719: 15713: 15695: 15689: 15669: 15643: 15624: 15616: 15596: 15586:. 7 April 2009 15576: 15570: 15555: 15535: 15529: 15512: 15503: 15488: 15470: 15447: 15425: 15419: 15406: 15400: 15387: 15371: 15351: 15331: 15315:"Encyclopedia" 15311: 15305: 15292: 15272: 15255: 15226: 15207: 15187: 15171: 15165: 15150: 15130: 15121: 15111:on 11 May 2011 15097: 15086: 15067: 15052: 15031: 15018: 15005: 14985: 14960: 14943: 14906: 14894: 14872: 14866: 14853: 14826: 14806: 14782: 14759: 14740: 14724: 14704: 14684: 14668: 14652: 14642:on 6 July 2011 14632: 14607: 14590: 14570: 14550: 14526: 14471: 14451: 14443: 14423: 14403: 14397: 14380: 14359: 14324: 14318: 14303: 14286: 14276:on 15 May 2009 14265: 14253:"Lake Mungo 3" 14248: 14242: 14220: 14219: 14218: 14213: 14207: 14201: 14195: 14189: 14183: 14177: 14146: 14129: 14081: 14075: 14060: 14054: 14041: 14021: 14007: 13986: 13972: 13952: 13932: 13926: 13913: 13898:"Black Comedy" 13894: 13857: 13835: 13815: 13795: 13782: 13760: 13744: 13724: 13704: 13680: 13659: 13649:. 16 June 2020 13639: 13634:licence. (See 13605: 13575: 13534: 13512: 13510:on 5 May 2010. 13496: 13490: 13477: 13447: 13426: 13401: 13388: 13368: 13323: 13277:(2): 537–542. 13262: 13242: 13232:. 29 June 2015 13222: 13210: 13186: 13162: 13136: 13120: 13100: 13088: 13064: 13044: 13028: 13005: 12989: 12973: 12953: 12943: 12927: 12911: 12891: 12871: 12863: 12844: 12824: 12804: 12784: 12760: 12744: 12724: 12714:on 21 May 2010 12700: 12680: 12656: 12636: 12620: 12604: 12588: 12564: 12552: 12536: 12516: 12508: 12484: 12464: 12452: 12440: 12430:on 17 May 2022 12419: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12411: 12396: 12384: 12372: 12366:The Australian 12357: 12342: 12330: 12318: 12306: 12302:Wahlquist 2018 12294: 12282: 12270: 12258: 12241: 12229: 12217: 12205: 12193: 12181: 12169: 12165:Nine News 2019 12157: 12145: 12133: 12121: 12109: 12103:The Australian 12094: 12082: 12070: 12058: 12043: 12031: 12027:Jeuniewic 2022 12019: 12007: 11995: 11983: 11971: 11965:The Australian 11956: 11944: 11929: 11917: 11905: 11893: 11878: 11853: 11828: 11816: 11804: 11792: 11780: 11768: 11756: 11744: 11732: 11720: 11708: 11696: 11684: 11672: 11660: 11648: 11636: 11613: 11601: 11589: 11572: 11560: 11545: 11533: 11521: 11509: 11497: 11485: 11473: 11458: 11439: 11427: 11412: 11400: 11379: 11375:NMoA – cricket 11367: 11355: 11343: 11331: 11319: 11307: 11295: 11283: 11271: 11259: 11247: 11235: 11223: 11211: 11199: 11187: 11175: 11163: 11151: 11147:Wiltshire 2017 11139: 11124: 11112: 11100: 11088: 11076: 11064: 11052: 11040: 11028: 11016: 11004: 10992: 10980: 10968: 10956: 10944: 10932: 10920: 10908: 10893: 10881: 10866: 10854: 10842: 10838:O'Sullivan n.d 10830: 10818: 10806: 10789: 10785:'The Dreaming' 10777: 10765: 10753: 10738: 10736:, p. 424. 10726: 10714: 10702: 10690: 10678: 10666: 10654: 10642: 10630: 10618: 10606: 10591: 10579: 10567: 10555: 10543: 10531: 10516: 10504: 10492: 10477: 10465: 10453: 10434: 10419: 10407: 10395: 10393:, p. 300. 10383: 10368: 10353: 10338: 10326: 10314: 10302: 10290: 10278: 10266: 10254: 10239: 10227: 10215: 10203: 10191: 10169: 10157: 10145: 10130: 10118: 10106: 10087: 10072: 10057: 10053:NMoA – contact 10045: 10033: 10021: 10009: 9997: 9985: 9973: 9961: 9946: 9934: 9922: 9910: 9898: 9886: 9874: 9862: 9850: 9838: 9826: 9814: 9797: 9785: 9773: 9761: 9749: 9737: 9725: 9713: 9701: 9699:, p. 229. 9689: 9677: 9665: 9653: 9638: 9626: 9614: 9600: 9584: 9569: 9567:, p. 275. 9548: 9523: 9511: 9491: 9479: 9467: 9455: 9443: 9431: 9416: 9404: 9398:Face the Facts 9389: 9377: 9365: 9353: 9341: 9329: 9317: 9300: 9283: 9271: 9259: 9247: 9235: 9233:, p. 329. 9223: 9211: 9199: 9187: 9181:United Service 9172: 9168:Kociumbas 2004 9160: 9148: 9136: 9124: 9112: 9100: 9088: 9084:TSRA – history 9073: 9058: 9046: 9044:, p. 245. 9034: 9019: 9007: 8995: 8983: 8971: 8956: 8944: 8932: 8920: 8905: 8890: 8878: 8874:MacKnight 1986 8866: 8854: 8839: 8827: 8815: 8811:Gerritsen 2008 8803: 8788: 8771: 8759: 8747: 8735: 8723: 8711: 8699: 8687: 8675: 8663: 8651: 8639: 8627: 8612: 8600: 8588: 8576: 8564: 8552: 8540: 8528: 8516: 8504: 8492: 8477: 8462: 8447: 8435: 8423: 8421:, p. 163. 8411: 8399: 8387: 8375: 8360: 8348: 8336: 8324: 8312: 8300: 8288: 8276: 8264: 8252: 8240: 8228: 8216: 8204: 8192: 8180: 8168: 8156: 8144: 8132: 8120: 8108: 8083: 8066: 8054: 8050:Ethnologue.com 8042: 8027: 8015: 8003: 7988: 7976: 7964: 7952: 7940: 7928: 7913: 7901: 7889: 7877: 7865: 7853: 7841: 7829: 7817: 7805: 7793: 7778: 7766: 7754: 7742: 7730: 7718: 7706: 7690: 7678: 7666: 7651: 7639: 7624: 7609: 7590: 7575: 7560: 7545: 7526: 7514: 7502: 7487: 7470: 7452: 7425: 7405: 7390: 7378: 7363: 7351: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7330: 7329: 7320: 7307: 7297: 7284: 7271: 7257: 7237: 7209: 7188: 7175: 7165: 7153: 7140: 7131: 7120: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7014: 7013: 7012: 6998: 6982: 6979: 6960:Marcia Langton 6900:Neville Bonner 6877:Jessica Mauboy 6871:, and singers 6857:David Gulpilil 6783:Main article: 6780: 6777: 6740:British Empire 6678: 6675: 6627:Joanne Farrell 6615:Peter Buckskin 6603:Marcia Langton 6574:Scott Morrison 6563: 6560: 6440: 6437: 6315:. His nephew, 6299:Following the 6284:), and former 6258:Neville Bonner 6245:following the 6220: 6217: 6216: 6215: 6200: 6197:King George VI 6193:William Cooper 6179: 6176: 6173: 6172: 6168:(January 2020) 6150: 6148: 6141: 6135: 6132: 6124:Scott Morrison 6119: 6116: 6073: 6070: 5992:Main article: 5989: 5986: 5964: 5961: 5932: 5931: 5924: 5917: 5910: 5891: 5888: 5823: 5820: 5787: 5784: 5775: 5772: 5733:discrimination 5722: 5719: 5718: 5717: 5714: 5711: 5704: 5701: 5698: 5695: 5692: 5673: 5672: 5661: 5598:Main article: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5524:Arthur Beetson 5500:Ashleigh Barty 5482:Johnny Mullagh 5439:Lance Franklin 5330:Main article: 5327: 5324: 5316: 5313: 5226:Aaron Pedersen 5218:Rachel Perkins 5191:), as well as 5189:Mabuiag Island 5065:David Gulpilil 5033:in 1900–1903. 5006: 5005: 5001:(January 2020) 4983: 4981: 4974: 4968: 4965: 4923:Marcia Langton 4831:Arthur Phillip 4818: 4811: 4810: 4803: 4796: 4795: 4794: 4793: 4792: 4787:Main article: 4784: 4781: 4729:relate to the 4646: 4643: 4498:Main article: 4482: 4475: 4474: 4473: 4462: 4455: 4454: 4453: 4441: 4434: 4433: 4432: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4414:Main article: 4411: 4408: 4398: 4395: 4373: 4370: 4349: 4346: 4283: 4280: 4264: 4261: 4257:Western desert 4217:oral tradition 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4176: 4175:Belief systems 4173: 4141:Kalaw Lagaw Ya 4129:Main article: 4126: 4123: 4110: 4107: 4073:R. M. W. Dixon 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4025: 4024: 4021: 4014: 4012: 4008: 4001: 3999: 3995: 3988: 3986: 3982: 3975: 3973: 3969: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3938: 3936: 3932: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3901: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3833: 3830: 3772:Groote Eylandt 3763: 3760: 3753: 3746: 3745: 3744: 3739: 3732: 3731: 3730: 3725: 3718: 3717: 3716: 3711: 3704: 3703: 3702: 3701: 3700: 3695:Main article: 3692: 3689: 3680:Justice Merkel 3592: 3589: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3560: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3547: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3536: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3525: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3514: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3503: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3492: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3481: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3470: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3459: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3442: 3439: 3399: 3396: 3369:Warren Mundine 3329: 3326: 3315:public apology 3302: 3299: 3246:Neville Bonner 3233:Main article: 3230: 3229:Reconciliation 3227: 3218:in Australia. 3194:Ashleigh Barty 3162:Arthur Beetson 3091:Neville Bonner 3068:Pitjantjatjara 2925:Aboriginal art 2904: 2901: 2820:sheep stations 2810: 2807: 2779:Main article: 2775: 2774: 2772: 2771: 2764: 2757: 2749: 2746: 2745: 2737: 2736: 2735: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2654: 2646: 2645: 2641: 2640: 2639: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2607: 2606: 2596: 2591: 2589:Discrimination 2586: 2581: 2576: 2574:Climate change 2571: 2566: 2561: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2547: 2546: 2545: 2544: 2543: 2531: 2526: 2524:The Red Nation 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2433: 2432: 2428: 2427: 2426: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2396: 2395: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2366: 2365: 2362:United Nations 2358: 2357: 2356: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2293:Arctic Council 2290: 2285: 2277: 2276: 2272: 2271: 2270: 2269: 2268: 2267: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2219: 2218: 2214: 2213: 2205: 2204: 2198: 2197: 2186: 2183: 2182: 2181: 2166: 2150: 2137: 2134: 2057: 2054: 1939:South Sulawesi 1914: 1911: 1786: 1783: 1779:Arthur Phillip 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1714:thatched roofs 1697: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1663: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1635: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1621: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1593: 1592: 1589: 1585: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1354: 1351: 1281:people of the 1189:East Eurasians 1186: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1176: 1175: 1167: 1164: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1052: 1049: 1005: 1002: 1001: 1000: 997: 990: 988: 985: 978: 976: 973: 966: 964: 961: 954: 952: 949: 942: 940: 937: 930: 928: 925: 918: 881:, and speak a 861:Main article: 858: 855: 787:Pitjantjatjara 656: 653: 651: 648: 643:Better in Blak 606:Destiny Deacon 587: 584: 525: 522: 506:language group 494:connotations. 463: 460: 449:, designed by 438: 435: 421:mixed heritage 285: 284: 274: 273: 269: 268: 266: 265: 264:(historically) 259: 253: 247: 240: 237: 236: 232: 231: 222:(historically) 196: 195: 191: 190: 187: 186: 184: 181: 175: 174: 171: 168: 162: 161: 158: 155: 149: 148: 145: 142: 136: 135: 132: 129: 123: 122: 119: 116: 110: 109: 106: 103: 97: 96: 93: 90: 84: 83: 80: 77: 67: 66: 62: 61: 51: 50: 35: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 25792: 25781: 25778: 25776: 25773: 25772: 25770: 25757: 25756: 25750: 25741: 25740: 25739:South America 25735: 25729: 25726: 25725: 25720: 25714: 25711: 25710: 25709:North America 25705: 25699: 25696: 25695: 25690: 25684: 25681: 25680: 25675: 25669: 25668: 25663: 25659: 25655: 25651: 25644: 25639: 25637: 25632: 25630: 25625: 25624: 25621: 25609: 25608:Voting rights 25606: 25602: 25599: 25597: 25594: 25592: 25589: 25588: 25587: 25586: 25582: 25578: 25575: 25574: 25573: 25570: 25568: 25565: 25563: 25560: 25558: 25555: 25553: 25550: 25546: 25543: 25541: 25538: 25537: 25536: 25533: 25531: 25528: 25526: 25523: 25521: 25518: 25516: 25513: 25512: 25510: 25506: 25500: 25497: 25495: 25492: 25488: 25485: 25484: 25483: 25480: 25478: 25475: 25473: 25470: 25468: 25467: 25463: 25461: 25460:Native police 25458: 25456: 25453: 25449: 25446: 25445: 25444: 25441: 25439: 25436: 25432: 25429: 25427: 25424: 25423: 25422: 25419: 25417: 25414: 25412: 25409: 25407: 25404: 25402: 25399: 25397: 25394: 25390: 25387: 25385: 25382: 25381: 25380: 25377: 25375: 25374: 25370: 25369: 25367: 25365: 25361: 25355: 25352: 25350: 25347: 25345: 25342: 25340: 25337: 25335: 25332: 25330: 25327: 25323: 25320: 25318: 25315: 25314: 25313: 25310: 25308: 25305: 25303: 25300: 25298: 25295: 25293: 25290: 25288: 25287:Bark painting 25285: 25283: 25280: 25279: 25277: 25275: 25271: 25265: 25262: 25260: 25257: 25255: 25252: 25250: 25247: 25245: 25242: 25240: 25237: 25235: 25232: 25230: 25227: 25225: 25222: 25220: 25217: 25215: 25212: 25210: 25207: 25205: 25202: 25200: 25199:Bush medicine 25197: 25195: 25192: 25190: 25187: 25185: 25182: 25180: 25177: 25176: 25174: 25172: 25168: 25158: 25155: 25153: 25150: 25148: 25145: 25143: 25140: 25138: 25135: 25133: 25130: 25128: 25125: 25123: 25120: 25119: 25117: 25115: 25114:Land councils 25111: 25105: 25102: 25101: 25096: 25093: 25091: 25088: 25087: 25086: 25083: 25081: 25078: 25076: 25073: 25071: 25068: 25066: 25063: 25061: 25058: 25056: 25053: 25051: 25048: 25046: 25043: 25041: 25038: 25036: 25033: 25031: 25028: 25026: 25023: 25021: 25018: 25017: 25015: 25013: 25012:Organisations 25009: 25003: 25000: 24998: 24995: 24993: 24990: 24988: 24985: 24983: 24980: 24978: 24975: 24973: 24970: 24968: 24965: 24963: 24960: 24958: 24955: 24953: 24950: 24948: 24945: 24943: 24940: 24939: 24937: 24935: 24931: 24925: 24922: 24920: 24917: 24915: 24912: 24910: 24907: 24905: 24902: 24900: 24897: 24895: 24892: 24890: 24887: 24885: 24882: 24880: 24877: 24875: 24872: 24870: 24867: 24865: 24864:Message stick 24862: 24860: 24857: 24855: 24852: 24850: 24847: 24845: 24842: 24838: 24835: 24833: 24830: 24829: 24827: 24825: 24822: 24820: 24817: 24815: 24812: 24810: 24807: 24805: 24804:Deadly Awards 24802: 24800: 24797: 24795: 24792: 24790: 24787: 24785: 24782: 24781: 24779: 24777: 24773: 24767: 24764: 24762: 24759: 24757: 24754: 24752: 24749: 24747: 24744: 24742: 24739: 24737: 24734: 24733: 24731: 24729: 24725: 24719: 24716: 24714: 24711: 24709: 24706: 24704: 24701: 24699: 24696: 24694: 24691: 24689: 24686: 24685: 24683: 24681: 24677: 24673: 24666: 24661: 24659: 24654: 24652: 24647: 24646: 24643: 24632: 24628: 24624: 24620: 24616: 24612: 24606: 24596: 24593: 24591: 24588: 24586: 24583: 24581: 24578: 24576: 24573: 24571: 24570:New Caledonia 24568: 24566: 24563: 24561: 24558: 24556: 24553: 24551: 24550:Easter Island 24548: 24546: 24543: 24541: 24538: 24536: 24533: 24531: 24528: 24527: 24525: 24519: 24513: 24510: 24508: 24505: 24504: 24502: 24496: 24490: 24487: 24485: 24482: 24480: 24477: 24475: 24472: 24470: 24467: 24465: 24462: 24460: 24457: 24455: 24452: 24450: 24447: 24445: 24442: 24440: 24437: 24435: 24432: 24430: 24427: 24425: 24422: 24421: 24419: 24415: 24411: 24404: 24399: 24397: 24392: 24390: 24385: 24384: 24381: 24378: 24374: 24368: 24365: 24363: 24360: 24358: 24355: 24353: 24350: 24348: 24345: 24343: 24340: 24338: 24335: 24333: 24330: 24328: 24325: 24323: 24320: 24318: 24315: 24313: 24310: 24308: 24305: 24303: 24300: 24298: 24295: 24293: 24290: 24288: 24285: 24283: 24280: 24278: 24275: 24273: 24270: 24268: 24265: 24263: 24260: 24258: 24255: 24253: 24250: 24248: 24245: 24243: 24240: 24238: 24234: 24231: 24229: 24226: 24224: 24221: 24219: 24216: 24214: 24211: 24210: 24208: 24204: 24198: 24195: 24193: 24190: 24189: 24187: 24183: 24177: 24174: 24172: 24169: 24167: 24164: 24162: 24159: 24157: 24154: 24152: 24149: 24147: 24144: 24142: 24139: 24137: 24134: 24132: 24129: 24127: 24124: 24122: 24119: 24117: 24114: 24112: 24109: 24108: 24106: 24102: 24096: 24093: 24091: 24088: 24086: 24083: 24081: 24078: 24076: 24073: 24071: 24068: 24066: 24063: 24061: 24058: 24056: 24053: 24051: 24048: 24046: 24043: 24041: 24038: 24036: 24033: 24031: 24028: 24024: 24021: 24020: 24019: 24016: 24014: 24013:New Caledonia 24011: 24009: 24006: 24004: 24001: 23999: 23996: 23994: 23991: 23989: 23986: 23984: 23981: 23979: 23976: 23974: 23971: 23969: 23968:Easter Island 23966: 23964: 23961: 23959: 23956: 23954: 23951: 23949: 23946: 23945: 23943: 23939: 23929: 23926: 23924: 23921: 23919: 23916: 23914: 23911: 23909: 23906: 23904: 23903:New Caledonia 23901: 23899: 23896: 23894: 23891: 23889: 23886: 23884: 23883:Easter Island 23881: 23879: 23876: 23874: 23871: 23869: 23866: 23864: 23861: 23860: 23858: 23852: 23846: 23843: 23841: 23838: 23837: 23835: 23829: 23823: 23820: 23818: 23815: 23813: 23810: 23808: 23805: 23803: 23800: 23798: 23795: 23793: 23790: 23788: 23785: 23783: 23780: 23778: 23775: 23773: 23770: 23768: 23765: 23763: 23760: 23758: 23755: 23754: 23752: 23748: 23744: 23737: 23732: 23730: 23725: 23723: 23718: 23717: 23714: 23711: 23709: 23705: 23697: 23693: 23689: 23679: 23676: 23674: 23671: 23669: 23666: 23664: 23661: 23659: 23656: 23654: 23653:New Caledonia 23651: 23649: 23646: 23644: 23641: 23639: 23636: 23634: 23633:Easter Island 23631: 23629: 23626: 23624: 23621: 23619: 23616: 23614: 23611: 23610: 23608: 23602: 23596: 23593: 23591: 23588: 23587: 23585: 23579: 23573: 23570: 23568: 23565: 23563: 23560: 23558: 23555: 23553: 23550: 23548: 23545: 23543: 23540: 23538: 23535: 23533: 23530: 23528: 23525: 23523: 23520: 23518: 23515: 23513: 23510: 23508: 23505: 23504: 23502: 23498: 23494: 23487: 23482: 23480: 23475: 23473: 23468: 23467: 23464: 23461: 23457: 23454: 23452: 23448: 23442: 23439: 23435: 23432: 23431: 23430: 23427: 23423: 23420: 23418: 23415: 23414: 23412: 23410: 23407: 23403: 23400: 23398: 23395: 23393: 23390: 23389: 23387: 23383: 23380: 23379: 23377: 23376: 23374: 23370: 23364: 23361: 23359: 23356: 23354: 23351: 23349: 23346: 23344: 23341: 23339: 23336: 23334: 23331: 23329: 23326: 23324: 23321: 23319: 23316: 23314: 23311: 23309: 23306: 23304: 23301: 23299: 23296: 23294: 23291: 23289: 23286: 23284: 23281: 23279: 23276: 23274: 23271: 23269: 23266: 23264: 23261: 23259: 23256: 23254: 23251: 23250: 23248: 23244: 23238: 23235: 23231: 23228: 23227: 23226: 23223: 23221: 23218: 23216: 23213: 23211: 23208: 23206: 23203: 23201: 23198: 23196: 23193: 23191: 23188: 23186: 23183: 23181: 23178: 23176: 23173: 23171: 23170:Dugout (boat) 23168: 23166: 23163: 23161: 23158: 23156: 23153: 23151: 23148: 23147: 23145: 23141: 23133: 23132: 23128: 23126: 23125: 23121: 23120: 23119: 23116: 23112: 23111: 23107: 23106: 23105: 23102: 23100: 23097: 23095: 23092: 23090: 23087: 23085: 23082: 23080: 23077: 23075: 23072: 23070: 23067: 23065: 23062: 23060: 23057: 23055: 23052: 23050: 23047: 23045: 23042: 23040: 23037: 23035: 23032: 23028: 23025: 23024: 23023: 23020: 23018: 23017:New Caledonia 23015: 23013: 23010: 23008: 23005: 23003: 23000: 22998: 22995: 22991: 22990: 22986: 22985: 22984: 22981: 22977: 22976: 22972: 22970: 22969: 22965: 22964: 22963: 22960: 22958: 22957:Easter Island 22955: 22953: 22950: 22948: 22945: 22943: 22942: 22936: 22933: 22931: 22928: 22923: 22920: 22919: 22918: 22915: 22914: 22912: 22908:Geo-specific, 22906: 22900: 22897: 22895: 22892: 22890: 22887: 22885: 22882: 22880: 22877: 22875: 22872: 22870: 22867: 22865: 22862: 22861: 22859: 22857:Broad culture 22855: 22849: 22846: 22844: 22841: 22839: 22836: 22834: 22831: 22829: 22826: 22824: 22821: 22819: 22816: 22814: 22811: 22809: 22806: 22804: 22801: 22799: 22796: 22792: 22789: 22788: 22787: 22784: 22782: 22779: 22777: 22774: 22772: 22769: 22767: 22764: 22762: 22759: 22757: 22754: 22752: 22749: 22747: 22744: 22743: 22741: 22739: 22735: 22728: 22724: 22717: 22712: 22710: 22705: 22703: 22698: 22697: 22694: 22682: 22679: 22677: 22674: 22673: 22668: 22664: 22661: 22657: 22654: 22650: 22649: 22645: 22635: 22632: 22630: 22627: 22625: 22622: 22620: 22617: 22615: 22612: 22610: 22607: 22605: 22602: 22600: 22597: 22595: 22592: 22590: 22587: 22585: 22582: 22580: 22577: 22575: 22572: 22570: 22567: 22565: 22562: 22560: 22557: 22555: 22552: 22551: 22549: 22547: 22543: 22537: 22534: 22532: 22529: 22527: 22524: 22522: 22519: 22517: 22514: 22512: 22509: 22505: 22502: 22500: 22499:Ethnic groups 22497: 22495: 22492: 22491: 22490: 22487: 22485: 22482: 22480: 22477: 22475: 22472: 22470: 22467: 22465: 22462: 22460: 22457: 22455: 22452: 22450: 22447: 22445: 22442: 22440: 22437: 22435: 22432: 22430: 22427: 22425: 22422: 22420: 22417: 22416: 22413: 22410: 22408: 22404: 22394: 22391: 22389: 22386: 22384: 22381: 22379: 22376: 22374: 22371: 22369: 22366: 22364: 22361: 22359: 22356: 22354: 22351: 22349: 22346: 22344: 22341: 22339: 22338:Manufacturing 22336: 22334: 22331: 22327: 22324: 22323: 22322: 22319: 22317: 22314: 22312: 22309: 22307: 22304: 22302: 22299: 22298: 22295: 22292: 22290: 22286: 22274: 22271: 22270: 22269: 22266: 22262: 22259: 22258: 22257: 22254: 22250: 22247: 22246: 22245: 22242: 22241: 22239: 22237: 22233: 22227: 22224: 22220: 22217: 22215: 22212: 22211: 22210: 22207: 22205: 22202: 22198: 22195: 22193: 22192:Republicanism 22190: 22188: 22185: 22183: 22180: 22178: 22175: 22173: 22170: 22168: 22165: 22163: 22160: 22159: 22158: 22155: 22153: 22150: 22148: 22147:National debt 22145: 22143: 22140: 22138: 22135: 22131: 22128: 22126: 22123: 22121: 22118: 22117: 22116: 22113: 22111: 22108: 22104: 22101: 22099: 22096: 22094: 22091: 22090: 22089: 22086: 22084: 22081: 22079: 22076: 22072: 22069: 22067: 22064: 22062: 22059: 22058: 22057: 22054: 22052: 22049: 22047: 22044: 22042: 22039: 22038: 22035: 22032: 22030: 22026: 22016: 22013: 22011: 22008: 22006: 22003: 22002: 22000: 21998: 21994: 21988: 21985: 21983: 21980: 21978: 21975: 21973: 21970: 21968: 21965: 21963: 21960: 21958: 21955: 21953: 21950: 21948: 21945: 21943: 21940: 21938: 21935: 21931: 21928: 21927: 21926: 21923: 21921: 21918: 21916: 21913: 21911: 21908: 21906: 21903: 21902: 21899: 21896: 21894: 21890: 21880: 21877: 21875: 21872: 21870: 21867: 21865: 21862: 21860: 21857: 21855: 21852: 21850: 21847: 21845: 21842: 21840: 21837: 21835: 21832: 21831: 21829: 21825: 21819: 21816: 21814: 21811: 21809: 21806: 21804: 21801: 21799: 21796: 21794: 21791: 21789: 21786: 21784: 21781: 21779: 21776: 21774: 21771: 21770: 21767: 21764: 21762: 21758: 21754: 21750: 21743: 21738: 21736: 21731: 21729: 21724: 21723: 21720: 21705: 21704: 21699: 21695: 21691: 21687: 21683: 21679: 21675: 21671: 21667: 21663: 21651: 21647: 21643: 21631: 21627: 21615: 21611: 21607: 21603: 21599: 21595: 21594: 21588: 21585: 21584: 21579: 21574: 21559: 21555: 21550: 21546: 21540: 21533: 21528: 21513: 21509: 21507:0-7347-3542-1 21503: 21496: 21492: 21491: 21490: 21489: 21481: 21477: 21473: 21472: 21467: 21463: 21459: 21455: 21451: 21446: 21441: 21436: 21431: 21427: 21423: 21419: 21415: 21414: 21406: 21401: 21397: 21393: 21389: 21385: 21381: 21377: 21373: 21368: 21365: 21362: 21356: 21352: 21347: 21342: 21338: 21334: 21330: 21326: 21322: 21318: 21314: 21310: 21306: 21301: 21286: 21282: 21278: 21271: 21266: 21265: 21264: 21263: 21255: 21249: 21245: 21240: 21236: 21230: 21226: 21225: 21219: 21218: 21217: 21216: 21208: 21204: 21189: 21184: 21173: 21172: 21167: 21162: 21158: 21154: 21150: 21145: 21133: 21128: 21116: 21112: 21107: 21092: 21088: 21081: 21076: 21064: 21060: 21056: 21052: 21047: 21043: 21039: 21035: 21031: 21019: 21015: 21011: 21007: 21003: 20999: 20987: 20983: 20979: 20967: 20963: 20959: 20953: 20949: 20945: 20941: 20937: 20933: 20932: 20920: 20916: 20912: 20911: 20910: 20909: 20891: 20884: 20880: 20876: 20864: 20860: 20856: 20851: 20847: 20843: 20838: 20834: 20830: 20826: 20820: 20816: 20812: 20811: 20806: 20802: 20798: 20794: 20790: 20786: 20781: 20776: 20772: 20768: 20764: 20759: 20755: 20750: 20746: 20745: 20740: 20735: 20723: 20719: 20715: 20711: 20707: 20703: 20699: 20695: 20690: 20678: 20674: 20670: 20665: 20661: 20655: 20651: 20646: 20642: 20637: 20633: 20627: 20620: 20619: 20613: 20602: 20598: 20593: 20582: 20578: 20573: 20569: 20565: 20558: 20553: 20550: 20544: 20540: 20539: 20533: 20522: 20518: 20513: 20501: 20497: 20493: 20481: 20477: 20473: 20469: 20464: 20453: 20449: 20445: 20433: 20429: 20417: 20413: 20409: 20397: 20393: 20388: 20380: 20376: 20375: 20370: 20359: 20355: 20351: 20339: 20335: 20331: 20327: 20322: 20318: 20312: 20308: 20301: 20300: 20295: 20291: 20279: 20275: 20271: 20259: 20254: 20250: 20244: 20240: 20235: 20231: 20226: 20222: 20216: 20212: 20211: 20205: 20201: 20197: 20192: 20187: 20183: 20179: 20174: 20169: 20164: 20159: 20155: 20151: 20147: 20142: 20138: 20134: 20130: 20119: 20118: 20113: 20108: 20102: 20098: 20094: 20090: 20086: 20082: 20081: 20075: 20074: 20070: 20069: 20063: 20059: 20053: 20049: 20048: 20043: 20039: 20035: 20031: 20020:. 26 May 2011 20019: 20015: 20011: 20000: 19996: 19992: 19988: 19984: 19980: 19976: 19971: 19959: 19955: 19944: 19943: 19938: 19933: 19929: 19923: 19919: 19914: 19902: 19898: 19897:Common Ground 19894: 19890: 19886: 19880: 19873: 19872: 19866: 19862: 19858: 19854: 19850: 19846: 19842: 19838: 19834: 19830: 19826: 19819: 19814: 19802: 19798: 19794: 19790: 19786: 19781: 19778:. April 2012. 19777: 19770: 19766: 19762: 19757: 19753: 19749: 19745: 19733: 19729: 19728: 19723: 19719: 19707: 19703: 19699: 19695: 19691: 19687: 19682: 19678: 19672: 19668: 19664: 19660: 19659:Ryan, Lyndall 19656: 19645: 19641: 19636: 19632: 19628: 19623: 19619: 19613: 19606: 19605: 19599: 19595: 19591: 19586: 19581: 19577: 19573: 19569: 19565: 19561: 19556: 19544: 19540: 19536: 19532: 19528: 19524: 19520: 19517:(1): 83–100. 19516: 19512: 19507: 19503: 19497: 19493: 19486: 19481: 19477: 19471: 19467: 19466:Forgotten War 19462: 19450: 19446: 19442: 19430: 19426: 19422: 19418: 19416: 19412: 19409: 19408: 19394: 19390: 19386: 19382: 19378: 19374: 19370: 19366: 19351: 19347: 19335: 19331: 19324: 19320: 19308: 19304: 19300: 19293: 19289: 19283: 19276: 19275: 19269: 19265: 19261: 19256: 19251: 19247: 19243: 19239: 19235: 19231: 19227: 19223: 19218: 19207: 19203: 19199: 19187: 19183: 19179: 19175: 19171: 19166: 19154: 19150: 19146: 19134: 19130: 19126: 19122: 19118: 19111: 19104: 19100: 19088: 19084: 19080: 19064: 19059: 19055: 19051: 19039: 19035: 19031: 19026: 19022: 19018: 19014: 19008: 19004: 18999: 18995: 18989: 18985: 18980: 18976: 18970: 18966: 18961: 18957: 18953: 18949: 18945: 18940: 18936: 18932: 18928: 18924: 18920: 18916: 18911: 18899: 18895: 18894:"Our Country" 18891: 18880: 18879: 18874: 18869: 18865: 18858: 18854: 18850: 18845: 18841: 18837: 18833: 18829: 18825: 18821: 18816: 18804: 18800: 18796: 18785: 18781: 18777: 18773: 18769: 18758: 18754: 18749: 18737: 18732: 18720: 18716: 18712: 18701: 18697: 18692: 18680: 18676: 18672: 18668: 18664: 18660: 18655: 18651: 18645: 18641: 18637: 18636: 18630: 18626: 18622: 18618: 18614: 18609: 18597: 18593: 18581: 18577: 18573: 18569: 18565: 18560: 18548: 18547: 18542: 18538: 18526: 18522: 18507: 18500: 18496: 18492: 18488: 18484: 18480: 18476: 18472: 18468: 18464: 18459: 18455: 18450: 18446: 18442: 18437: 18430: 18423: 18418: 18407: 18403: 18402: 18397: 18392: 18380: 18376: 18364: 18360: 18355: 18351: 18347: 18342: 18338: 18334: 18327: 18322: 18310: 18306: 18302: 18290: 18286: 18274: 18269: 18265: 18260: 18256: 18252: 18248: 18244: 18239: 18235: 18231: 18227: 18223: 18219: 18215: 18211: 18207: 18206: 18200: 18189: 18185: 18180: 18168: 18164: 18159: 18147: 18143: 18139: 18134: 18123: 18119: 18114: 18110: 18106: 18101: 18096: 18092: 18088: 18084: 18079: 18073: 18069: 18064: 18059: 18055: 18051: 18047: 18043: 18039: 18034: 18030: 18026: 18022: 18018: 18014: 18013: 18008: 18003: 17999: 17993: 17989: 17984: 17980: 17974: 17970: 17966: 17965: 17959: 17948: 17947: 17942: 17937: 17933: 17929: 17925: 17921: 17916: 17911: 17906: 17901: 17897: 17893: 17889: 17885: 17881: 17876: 17872: 17868: 17863: 17858: 17854: 17850: 17846: 17842: 17838: 17834: 17830: 17825: 17821: 17817: 17813: 17809: 17804: 17799: 17795: 17791: 17787: 17783: 17779: 17775: 17771: 17766: 17754: 17750: 17745: 17741: 17737: 17733: 17729: 17725: 17721: 17716: 17712: 17708: 17703: 17697: 17693: 17689: 17685: 17681: 17676: 17672: 17668: 17664: 17660: 17656: 17652: 17648: 17644: 17640: 17636: 17629: 17624: 17612: 17608: 17604: 17600: 17588: 17584: 17580: 17576: 17571: 17567: 17566: 17561: 17556: 17544: 17540: 17535: 17531: 17525: 17521: 17517: 17512: 17501: 17497: 17492: 17480: 17475: 17463: 17459: 17455: 17451: 17447: 17443: 17438: 17433: 17429: 17425: 17420: 17415: 17411: 17407: 17403: 17398: 17394: 17389: 17385: 17379: 17375: 17371: 17366: 17354: 17349: 17338: 17334: 17329: 17317: 17313: 17309: 17294: 17290: 17278: 17277:"Land rights" 17274: 17270: 17266: 17262: 17258: 17254: 17249: 17238: 17234: 17229: 17218: 17214: 17209: 17198: 17194: 17189: 17178: 17174: 17169: 17165: 17161: 17156: 17144: 17140: 17136: 17131: 17119: 17115: 17111: 17107: 17103: 17097: 17093: 17088: 17076: 17072: 17068: 17064: 17059: 17055: 17051: 17046: 17042: 17037: 17026: 17022: 17017: 17005: 17001: 16996: 16992: 16988: 16983: 16978: 16974: 16970: 16966: 16962: 16958: 16953: 16949: 16945: 16940: 16928: 16924: 16923:"Karla Grant" 16920: 16909: 16905: 16901: 16889: 16885: 16881: 16869: 16865: 16861: 16857: 16853: 16848: 16844: 16838: 16834: 16829: 16817: 16813: 16809: 16797: 16793: 16789: 16785: 16781: 16777: 16765: 16761: 16749: 16745: 16741: 16729: 16725: 16721: 16710:. 3 June 2015 16709: 16705: 16701: 16689: 16685: 16681: 16669: 16665: 16661: 16657: 16645: 16641: 16637: 16633: 16621: 16617: 16613: 16606: 16602: 16595: 16590: 16586: 16582: 16577: 16572: 16567: 16562: 16558: 16554: 16550: 16546: 16542: 16537: 16526: 16525: 16520: 16515: 16511: 16507: 16502: 16497: 16493: 16489: 16488: 16483: 16478: 16467: 16463: 16458: 16446: 16441: 16430: 16426: 16422: 16417: 16413: 16409: 16405: 16400: 16389: 16385: 16380: 16368: 16364: 16360: 16348: 16344: 16340: 16328: 16324: 16320: 16308: 16304: 16300: 16288: 16284: 16280: 16276: 16272: 16268: 16265:. p. 79. 16264: 16263: 16257: 16246: 16242: 16237: 16225: 16221: 16217: 16213: 16209: 16208: 16203: 16198: 16186: 16182: 16178: 16167: 16163: 16158: 16146: 16141: 16130: 16126: 16121: 16117: 16113: 16108: 16104: 16100: 16095: 16080: 16076: 16069: 16064: 16053: 16049: 16044: 16040: 16036: 16035: 16030: 16025: 16013: 16008: 16004: 16000: 15994: 15990: 15985: 15984: 15978: 15974: 15970: 15964: 15960: 15956: 15952: 15941: 15937: 15932: 15920: 15916: 15912: 15908: 15904: 15898: 15894: 15889: 15877: 15873: 15868: 15864: 15860: 15856: 15850: 15846: 15841: 15834: 15829: 15825: 15820: 15816: 15811: 15807: 15802: 15798: 15794: 15793: 15787: 15786: 15779: 15775: 15771: 15767: 15763: 15756: 15751: 15747: 15743: 15739: 15733: 15729: 15725: 15720: 15716: 15710: 15703: 15702: 15696: 15692: 15686: 15682: 15678: 15674: 15670: 15655: 15648: 15644: 15633: 15629: 15625: 15621: 15617: 15605: 15601: 15597: 15585: 15581: 15577: 15573: 15567: 15563: 15562: 15556: 15544: 15540: 15536: 15532: 15526: 15522: 15518: 15513: 15509: 15504: 15501: 15497: 15491: 15485: 15481: 15477: 15476: 15471: 15459: 15452: 15448: 15444: 15440: 15433: 15432: 15426: 15422: 15416: 15412: 15407: 15403: 15397: 15393: 15388: 15376: 15372: 15360: 15356: 15352: 15340: 15336: 15332: 15320: 15316: 15312: 15308: 15302: 15298: 15293: 15281: 15277: 15273: 15261: 15256: 15252: 15248: 15244: 15240: 15236: 15232: 15227: 15216: 15215:Common Ground 15212: 15208: 15196: 15192: 15188: 15184: 15180: 15176: 15172: 15168: 15162: 15158: 15157: 15151: 15139: 15135: 15131: 15127: 15122: 15110: 15106: 15102: 15098: 15094: 15093: 15087: 15076: 15072: 15068: 15064: 15063: 15058: 15053: 15049: 15045: 15041: 15037: 15032: 15028: 15024: 15019: 15015: 15011: 15006: 14995: 14991: 14986: 14974: 14970: 14966: 14961: 14949: 14944: 14940: 14936: 14932: 14928: 14924: 14920: 14916: 14912: 14907: 14903: 14899: 14895: 14884: 14883: 14878: 14873: 14869: 14863: 14859: 14854: 14842: 14838: 14837: 14832: 14827: 14816: 14812: 14807: 14795: 14791: 14787: 14783: 14779: 14775: 14772:, (1983) 158 14771: 14767: 14765: 14760: 14749: 14745: 14741: 14729: 14725: 14713: 14709: 14705: 14694: 14690: 14685: 14673: 14669: 14657: 14653: 14641: 14637: 14633: 14629: 14614: 14610: 14604: 14597: 14596: 14591: 14579: 14575: 14571: 14559: 14555: 14551: 14547: 14535: 14531: 14527: 14523: 14519: 14515: 14511: 14506: 14501: 14497: 14493: 14489: 14485: 14481: 14477: 14472: 14461: 14457: 14452: 14448: 14444: 14432: 14428: 14424: 14412: 14408: 14404: 14400: 14394: 14390: 14386: 14381: 14369: 14365: 14360: 14356: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14338: 14334: 14330: 14325: 14321: 14315: 14311: 14310: 14304: 14300: 14296: 14292: 14287: 14275: 14271: 14266: 14254: 14249: 14245: 14239: 14235: 14231: 14230: 14225: 14221: 14217: 14214: 14211: 14208: 14205: 14202: 14199: 14196: 14193: 14190: 14187: 14184: 14181: 14178: 14175: 14172: 14171: 14159: 14155: 14151: 14147: 14143: 14139: 14135: 14130: 14126: 14122: 14118: 14114: 14110: 14106: 14102: 14098: 14094: 14090: 14089: 14082: 14078: 14072: 14068: 14067: 14061: 14057: 14051: 14047: 14042: 14031: 14027: 14022: 14015: 14014: 14008: 14004: 13992: 13987: 13983: 13982: 13977: 13973: 13961: 13957: 13953: 13941: 13937: 13933: 13929: 13923: 13919: 13914: 13903: 13899: 13895: 13891: 13887: 13883: 13879: 13875: 13871: 13867: 13863: 13858: 13847: 13846: 13841: 13836: 13825: 13821: 13816: 13801: 13796: 13792: 13788: 13783: 13771: 13770: 13765: 13761: 13749: 13745: 13733: 13729: 13725: 13713: 13709: 13705: 13693: 13689: 13685: 13681: 13669: 13665: 13660: 13648: 13644: 13640: 13637: 13633: 13628: 13615:. 1 July 2022 13614: 13610: 13606: 13591: 13587: 13580: 13576: 13572: 13568: 13564: 13560: 13556: 13552: 13548: 13544: 13540: 13535: 13524: 13517: 13513: 13509: 13505: 13501: 13497: 13493: 13487: 13483: 13478: 13463: 13456: 13452: 13448: 13436: 13432: 13427: 13424: 13413: 13412: 13407: 13402: 13395: 13391: 13385: 13381: 13374: 13369: 13365: 13361: 13356: 13351: 13346: 13341: 13337: 13333: 13329: 13324: 13320: 13316: 13311: 13306: 13302: 13298: 13293: 13288: 13284: 13280: 13276: 13272: 13268: 13263: 13251: 13247: 13243: 13231: 13227: 13223: 13219: 13215: 13211: 13199: 13195: 13191: 13187: 13175: 13171: 13167: 13163: 13159: 13147: 13146: 13141: 13137: 13125: 13121: 13109: 13105: 13101: 13097: 13093: 13089: 13077: 13073: 13072:Common Ground 13069: 13065: 13053: 13049: 13045: 13041: 13037: 13033: 13029: 13027: 13014: 13010: 13006: 12994: 12990: 12986: 12982: 12978: 12974: 12962: 12958: 12954: 12950: 12946: 12940: 12935: 12934: 12928: 12924: 12920: 12916: 12912: 12900: 12896: 12892: 12880: 12876: 12872: 12868: 12864: 12853: 12849: 12845: 12833: 12829: 12825: 12814:. 4 May 2010a 12813: 12809: 12805: 12793: 12789: 12785: 12773: 12769: 12765: 12761: 12749: 12745: 12734:. 6 July 2017 12733: 12729: 12725: 12713: 12709: 12705: 12701: 12689: 12685: 12681: 12669: 12665: 12661: 12657: 12646:. 25 May 2009 12645: 12641: 12637: 12625: 12621: 12609: 12605: 12593: 12589: 12577: 12573: 12569: 12565: 12561: 12557: 12553: 12541: 12537: 12525: 12521: 12517: 12513: 12509: 12497: 12493: 12489: 12485: 12473: 12469: 12465: 12461: 12457: 12453: 12449: 12445: 12441: 12429: 12425: 12421: 12420: 12408: 12406: 12400: 12393: 12388: 12381: 12376: 12369: 12367: 12361: 12354: 12352: 12346: 12339: 12334: 12327: 12322: 12315: 12310: 12303: 12298: 12291: 12286: 12279: 12274: 12267: 12262: 12255: 12254:Neubauer 2013 12250: 12248: 12246: 12238: 12233: 12226: 12221: 12214: 12209: 12202: 12197: 12190: 12185: 12178: 12173: 12166: 12161: 12154: 12149: 12142: 12141:Karvelas 2012 12137: 12130: 12125: 12118: 12113: 12106: 12104: 12098: 12091: 12086: 12079: 12074: 12067: 12062: 12055: 12050: 12048: 12040: 12039:Zaunmayr 2022 12035: 12028: 12023: 12016: 12011: 12004: 11999: 11992: 11987: 11980: 11975: 11968: 11966: 11960: 11953: 11948: 11941: 11940:ABC News 2013 11936: 11934: 11926: 11921: 11914: 11909: 11902: 11897: 11890: 11885: 11883: 11867: 11866:YES! Magazine 11863: 11857: 11842: 11838: 11832: 11825: 11820: 11813: 11808: 11801: 11796: 11789: 11784: 11777: 11772: 11765: 11760: 11753: 11748: 11741: 11736: 11729: 11724: 11717: 11712: 11705: 11700: 11693: 11688: 11681: 11676: 11669: 11664: 11657: 11652: 11645: 11640: 11632: 11628: 11624: 11617: 11610: 11605: 11598: 11593: 11586: 11581: 11579: 11577: 11569: 11564: 11557: 11552: 11550: 11542: 11541:Dovetail 2019 11537: 11530: 11525: 11518: 11513: 11506: 11501: 11494: 11489: 11482: 11477: 11470: 11468: 11462: 11455: 11450: 11448: 11446: 11444: 11436: 11431: 11424: 11419: 11417: 11409: 11404: 11397: 11392: 11390: 11388: 11386: 11384: 11376: 11371: 11365:, p. 45. 11364: 11359: 11352: 11347: 11341:, p. 79. 11340: 11339:Hilferti 2010 11335: 11328: 11323: 11316: 11311: 11304: 11299: 11292: 11287: 11280: 11275: 11268: 11263: 11256: 11251: 11244: 11239: 11232: 11227: 11220: 11215: 11208: 11203: 11196: 11195:Mulvaney 1990 11191: 11184: 11179: 11172: 11167: 11160: 11155: 11148: 11143: 11136: 11134: 11128: 11121: 11116: 11109: 11104: 11097: 11092: 11085: 11080: 11073: 11068: 11061: 11056: 11049: 11044: 11037: 11032: 11025: 11020: 11013: 11008: 11001: 10996: 10989: 10984: 10977: 10972: 10965: 10960: 10953: 10948: 10941: 10936: 10929: 10924: 10917: 10912: 10905: 10900: 10898: 10890: 10885: 10878: 10873: 10871: 10863: 10858: 10851: 10846: 10839: 10834: 10827: 10822: 10815: 10814:Lockwood 2017 10810: 10803: 10798: 10796: 10794: 10786: 10781: 10774: 10769: 10762: 10757: 10750: 10745: 10743: 10735: 10730: 10723: 10718: 10712:, p. 12. 10711: 10706: 10700:, p. 60. 10699: 10694: 10687: 10682: 10675: 10670: 10663: 10658: 10651: 10646: 10639: 10634: 10627: 10622: 10615: 10610: 10603: 10598: 10596: 10588: 10583: 10576: 10571: 10564: 10559: 10552: 10547: 10540: 10535: 10528: 10523: 10521: 10513: 10508: 10501: 10496: 10489: 10484: 10482: 10474: 10469: 10462: 10457: 10450: 10445: 10443: 10441: 10439: 10431: 10426: 10424: 10416: 10411: 10405:, p. 10. 10404: 10399: 10392: 10387: 10380: 10375: 10373: 10365: 10360: 10358: 10350: 10345: 10343: 10335: 10330: 10323: 10318: 10312:, p. 17. 10311: 10310:Bleakley 1929 10306: 10299: 10294: 10287: 10282: 10275: 10270: 10263: 10258: 10251: 10249: 10243: 10236: 10231: 10224: 10219: 10212: 10207: 10200: 10195: 10187: 10183: 10179: 10173: 10166: 10161: 10154: 10149: 10142: 10137: 10135: 10127: 10122: 10115: 10110: 10103: 10098: 10096: 10094: 10092: 10084: 10079: 10077: 10069: 10064: 10062: 10054: 10049: 10042: 10037: 10030: 10029:ABC News 2019 10025: 10018: 10013: 10006: 10001: 9994: 9989: 9982: 9977: 9970: 9965: 9958: 9953: 9951: 9943: 9938: 9931: 9926: 9919: 9914: 9907: 9902: 9895: 9890: 9883: 9878: 9871: 9866: 9859: 9854: 9847: 9842: 9835: 9830: 9823: 9818: 9811: 9806: 9804: 9802: 9794: 9789: 9782: 9777: 9770: 9765: 9758: 9753: 9746: 9741: 9734: 9729: 9722: 9717: 9710: 9705: 9698: 9693: 9686: 9681: 9674: 9669: 9662: 9657: 9650: 9648: 9642: 9635: 9630: 9623: 9618: 9611: 9610: 9604: 9597: 9593: 9592:Cronshaw 2018 9588: 9582:, p. 79. 9581: 9576: 9574: 9566: 9561: 9559: 9557: 9555: 9553: 9537: 9533: 9527: 9520: 9515: 9508: 9504: 9500: 9495: 9488: 9483: 9476: 9475:Reynolds 2013 9471: 9464: 9459: 9452: 9447: 9440: 9435: 9428: 9423: 9421: 9413: 9412:Richards 2014 9408: 9401: 9399: 9393: 9386: 9381: 9374: 9369: 9362: 9361:Melville 2016 9357: 9350: 9345: 9338: 9333: 9326: 9325:Simmonds 2015 9321: 9314: 9309: 9307: 9305: 9297: 9292: 9290: 9288: 9280: 9279:NMA: APA 2021 9275: 9268: 9263: 9256: 9251: 9244: 9239: 9232: 9227: 9220: 9215: 9208: 9203: 9196: 9191: 9184: 9182: 9176: 9169: 9164: 9157: 9152: 9145: 9140: 9133: 9128: 9121: 9120:Campbell 2007 9116: 9109: 9104: 9097: 9092: 9085: 9080: 9078: 9070: 9065: 9063: 9055: 9050: 9043: 9038: 9032:, p. 18. 9031: 9026: 9024: 9016: 9011: 9004: 8999: 8992: 8987: 8980: 8975: 8968: 8966: 8960: 8953: 8948: 8941: 8936: 8929: 8924: 8917: 8912: 8910: 8902: 8897: 8895: 8887: 8882: 8875: 8870: 8863: 8858: 8851: 8849: 8843: 8836: 8831: 8825:, pp. ?. 8824: 8819: 8812: 8807: 8800: 8795: 8793: 8785: 8780: 8778: 8776: 8768: 8763: 8756: 8751: 8744: 8739: 8732: 8727: 8720: 8715: 8708: 8703: 8696: 8691: 8684: 8679: 8672: 8667: 8660: 8655: 8648: 8647:Callaway 2011 8643: 8636: 8631: 8624: 8619: 8617: 8609: 8604: 8597: 8592: 8585: 8580: 8573: 8568: 8561: 8556: 8549: 8544: 8537: 8532: 8525: 8520: 8513: 8508: 8501: 8496: 8489: 8484: 8482: 8474: 8469: 8467: 8459: 8454: 8452: 8444: 8439: 8432: 8427: 8420: 8415: 8408: 8403: 8396: 8391: 8384: 8379: 8372: 8367: 8365: 8357: 8352: 8345: 8340: 8333: 8328: 8321: 8316: 8309: 8304: 8297: 8292: 8285: 8280: 8273: 8268: 8261: 8256: 8249: 8244: 8237: 8232: 8225: 8224:McGregor 2016 8220: 8213: 8208: 8201: 8196: 8189: 8188:ABC News 2015 8184: 8177: 8172: 8165: 8160: 8153: 8148: 8141: 8136: 8129: 8124: 8117: 8112: 8105: 8100: 8098: 8096: 8094: 8092: 8090: 8088: 8080: 8075: 8073: 8071: 8063: 8058: 8051: 8046: 8039: 8034: 8032: 8025:, p. 75. 8024: 8019: 8012: 8007: 8000: 7995: 7993: 7985: 7980: 7973: 7968: 7961: 7956: 7949: 7944: 7937: 7932: 7925: 7920: 7918: 7910: 7905: 7898: 7893: 7886: 7881: 7874: 7869: 7862: 7861:Latimore 2021 7857: 7850: 7845: 7838: 7833: 7826: 7821: 7814: 7809: 7802: 7797: 7790: 7788: 7782: 7775: 7770: 7763: 7758: 7751: 7746: 7739: 7734: 7727: 7722: 7715: 7714:Sentance 2020 7710: 7703: 7699: 7694: 7687: 7686:ABC News 2017 7682: 7676:, p. 28. 7675: 7670: 7663: 7658: 7656: 7648: 7643: 7636: 7631: 7629: 7621: 7616: 7614: 7605: 7601: 7594: 7587: 7582: 7580: 7572: 7567: 7565: 7557: 7552: 7550: 7542: 7537: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7523: 7518: 7511: 7506: 7499: 7494: 7492: 7484: 7479: 7477: 7475: 7463: 7456: 7449: 7448:Common Ground 7444: 7442: 7440: 7438: 7436: 7434: 7432: 7430: 7421: 7420: 7415: 7409: 7402: 7397: 7395: 7387: 7382: 7375: 7370: 7368: 7360: 7359:Stats NZ 2018 7355: 7348: 7343: 7339: 7324: 7317: 7311: 7301: 7294: 7288: 7282:, p. 156 7281: 7275: 7268: 7261: 7255: 7254:: "Victoria". 7253: 7247: 7241: 7234: 7230: 7226: 7222: 7218: 7213: 7206: 7202: 7198: 7192: 7185: 7179: 7169: 7162: 7157: 7150: 7144: 7135: 7125: 7121: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7015: 7010: 6999: 6996: 6985: 6978: 6976: 6971: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6957: 6953: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6916:Jacqui Lambie 6913: 6909: 6905: 6904:Aden Ridgeway 6901: 6897: 6892: 6890: 6886: 6885:David Unaipon 6882: 6878: 6874: 6873:Christine Anu 6870: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6849: 6847: 6843: 6839: 6835: 6831: 6823: 6807: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6794:Cathy Freeman 6791: 6786: 6776: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6762: 6758: 6754: 6750: 6745: 6741: 6736: 6734: 6729: 6726: 6721: 6719: 6718:terra nullius 6715: 6714: 6708: 6706: 6702: 6698: 6692: 6688: 6684: 6674: 6672: 6668: 6664: 6663:Maggie Walter 6660: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6644: 6640: 6636: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6611:Frank Brennan 6608: 6604: 6600: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6569: 6559: 6557: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6540: 6535: 6531: 6526: 6524: 6523:Jenny Macklin 6519: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6502: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6471: 6469: 6465: 6460: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6436: 6433: 6430: 6429:2022 election 6425: 6423: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6402: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6367: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6351: 6345: 6341: 6338:(CLP) became 6337: 6333: 6328: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6309:Liberal Party 6306: 6302: 6297: 6295: 6292:(Labor, 2016– 6291: 6287: 6283: 6280:(Labor, 2016– 6279: 6275: 6271: 6270:Jacqui Lambie 6267: 6263: 6262:Aden Ridgeway 6259: 6255: 6250: 6248: 6244: 6240: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6204:Australia Day 6201: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6185: 6184: 6169: 6164: 6160: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6140: 6139: 6131: 6127: 6125: 6115: 6113: 6104: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6087:, along with 6086: 6079: 6069: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6042: 6037: 6033: 6030:In 2007, the 6028: 6026: 6022: 6017: 6014: 6009: 6007: 6002: 5995: 5985: 5982: 5976: 5972: 5970: 5960: 5958: 5953: 5950: 5944: 5942: 5938: 5929: 5925: 5922: 5918: 5915: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5906: 5901: 5897: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5860: 5856: 5851: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5832:alcohol abuse 5829: 5819: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5791:Mental health 5786:Mental health 5783: 5780: 5771: 5769: 5768:mental health 5765: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5744:renal disease 5740: 5738: 5734: 5728: 5715: 5712: 5709: 5708:youth justice 5705: 5702: 5699: 5696: 5693: 5690: 5689: 5688: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5659: 5655: 5654: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5630: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5607: 5601: 5586: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5559: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5532:Gorden Tallis 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5504:Cathy Freeman 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5459: 5455: 5450: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5427:Graham Farmer 5424: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5322: 5312: 5310: 5309:Steven Oliver 5306: 5302: 5298: 5297: 5292: 5291:sketch comedy 5287: 5285: 5284: 5283:Total Control 5279: 5278: 5273: 5269: 5268: 5267:Sweet Country 5263: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5242:Shari Sebbens 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5206: 5204: 5200: 5199: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5181:Aaron Fa'aoso 5178: 5177: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5143: 5142: 5137: 5136:Phillip Noyce 5133: 5129: 5128: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5098: 5094: 5093: 5092:The Last Wave 5088: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5075:Fred Schepisi 5072: 5071: 5066: 5062: 5061: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5047:Ngarla Kunoth 5044: 5040: 5039: 5034: 5032: 5028: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5002: 4997: 4993: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4973: 4972: 4964: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4929: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4912: 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Retrieved 11840: 11831: 11819: 11807: 11800:Convery 2021 11795: 11783: 11776:Spinney 2016 11771: 11759: 11747: 11735: 11723: 11711: 11699: 11687: 11675: 11663: 11656:Biddle et al 11651: 11639: 11630: 11626: 11616: 11604: 11592: 11563: 11536: 11524: 11512: 11500: 11488: 11476: 11466: 11461: 11430: 11403: 11370: 11358: 11346: 11334: 11322: 11310: 11303:Black Comedy 11298: 11286: 11274: 11262: 11250: 11238: 11226: 11214: 11202: 11190: 11178: 11166: 11154: 11142: 11132: 11127: 11120:Sweeney 2008 11115: 11103: 11091: 11084:Lehmann 1997 11079: 11067: 11055: 11043: 11031: 11019: 11007: 10995: 10988:Rurenga 2017 10983: 10971: 10959: 10947: 10935: 10923: 10911: 10884: 10857: 10845: 10833: 10821: 10809: 10802:Mundine 2005 10780: 10768: 10756: 10734:Andrews 2004 10729: 10717: 10705: 10693: 10681: 10669: 10657: 10645: 10633: 10621: 10609: 10582: 10570: 10558: 10546: 10534: 10507: 10495: 10468: 10456: 10451:, p. 5. 10432:, p. 6. 10415:Arcioni 2012 10410: 10398: 10391:Arcioni 2012 10386: 10364:Connell 1998 10334:AustLII 1983 10329: 10322:Spencer 2006 10317: 10305: 10293: 10281: 10269: 10257: 10247: 10242: 10230: 10218: 10206: 10194: 10186:the original 10181: 10172: 10160: 10148: 10121: 10114:Brennan 2008 10109: 10083:McKenna 2000 10048: 10041:Thorley 2006 10036: 10024: 10012: 10000: 9988: 9976: 9964: 9957:Gobbett 2017 9937: 9925: 9913: 9901: 9889: 9877: 9865: 9853: 9841: 9829: 9817: 9788: 9776: 9764: 9757:AustLII 1934 9752: 9740: 9728: 9716: 9704: 9692: 9680: 9668: 9661:McIlroy 2015 9656: 9646: 9641: 9629: 9617: 9608: 9603: 9596:Bottoms 2013 9587: 9539:. Retrieved 9535: 9526: 9514: 9494: 9482: 9470: 9458: 9446: 9434: 9407: 9397: 9392: 9380: 9368: 9356: 9344: 9332: 9320: 9274: 9262: 9250: 9238: 9226: 9214: 9202: 9190: 9185:, p. 7. 9180: 9175: 9163: 9156:Carmody 2013 9151: 9144:McIlroy 2013 9139: 9127: 9115: 9103: 9091: 9049: 9037: 9010: 8998: 8986: 8974: 8964: 8959: 8947: 8935: 8923: 8881: 8869: 8857: 8852:, p. 3. 8847: 8842: 8830: 8823:Tindale 1974 8818: 8806: 8799:Gammage 2011 8762: 8750: 8738: 8726: 8714: 8702: 8690: 8678: 8666: 8654: 8642: 8630: 8603: 8591: 8579: 8567: 8555: 8543: 8531: 8519: 8507: 8495: 8488:William 2013 8438: 8426: 8414: 8402: 8390: 8378: 8351: 8339: 8327: 8315: 8303: 8291: 8279: 8267: 8255: 8243: 8231: 8219: 8212:Ferrier 2015 8207: 8195: 8183: 8176:McNiven 2004 8171: 8159: 8147: 8135: 8123: 8111: 8057: 8045: 8023:Blainey 1980 8018: 8006: 7986:, p. 1. 7979: 7967: 7955: 7943: 7931: 7904: 7892: 7880: 7868: 7856: 7844: 7832: 7825:Guantai 2015 7820: 7813:Gilbert 1977 7808: 7796: 7791:, p. 1. 7786: 7781: 7769: 7757: 7745: 7733: 7721: 7709: 7693: 7681: 7669: 7642: 7603: 7593: 7556:AIATSIS 2014 7517: 7505: 7483:AIATSIS 2015 7455: 7422:. June 2023. 7417: 7408: 7381: 7354: 7342: 7323: 7310: 7305:Press, 1994. 7300: 7287: 7274: 7260: 7251: 7245: 7240: 7216: 7212: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7191: 7184:Thomson 2001 7178: 7168: 7156: 7143: 7134: 7124: 6972: 6952:Noel Pearson 6948:native title 6940:Freedom Ride 6920:Linda Burney 6893: 6850: 6827: 6751:Settlement ( 6737: 6730: 6722: 6717: 6711: 6710:In 1992, in 6709: 6694: 6655:Benson Saulo 6651:Noel Pearson 6639:Vonda Malone 6571: 6551: 6547: 6537: 6534:Bill Shorten 6527: 6514:Expert Panel 6503: 6499:Noel Pearson 6472: 6466:, as in the 6461: 6442: 6434: 6426: 6403: 6383:Carol Martin 6379:Ernie Bridge 6368: 6349: 6329: 6325:Linda Burney 6298: 6293: 6281: 6273: 6251: 6236: 6206:) 1938: The 6202:26 January ( 6181: 6167: 6156: 6128: 6121: 6105: 6093:disadvantage 6081: 6057: 6050:sexual abuse 6039: 6029: 6018: 6010: 5997: 5977: 5973: 5968: 5966: 5954: 5948: 5945: 5940: 5933: 5903: 5885: 5863: 5852: 5842:("ice") and 5825: 5789: 5781: 5777: 5752:tuberculosis 5741: 5730: 5674: 5651: 5631: 5627:oral culture 5603: 5560: 5548:Nathan Jawai 5536:rugby league 5528:Laurie Daley 5496:major tennis 5486: 5463: 5395:Yarra Valley 5375:Djab wurrung 5355: 5296:Black Comedy 5294: 5288: 5281: 5275: 5265: 5250:Luke Carroll 5238:Leah Purcell 5207: 5196: 5174: 5159:Rolf de Heer 5157:directed by 5152: 5146: 5139: 5125: 5122:Rolf de Heer 5107: 5101: 5097:AACTA Awards 5090: 5068: 5058: 5036: 5035: 5023: 5000: 4989: 4952: 4945:Bruce Pascoe 4936: 4933:Noel Pearson 4926: 4925:, who wrote 4913:; in poetry 4888: 4869: 4866:Sally Morgan 4862:We Are Going 4861: 4853: 4847: 4828: 4821:Noel Pearson 4773: 4758: 4743: 4704: 4680: 4668:East Journey 4632: 4621: 4614: 4595:Papunya Tula 4584: 4544: 4509: 4483: 4468:Injalak Arts 4400: 4378:Christianity 4375: 4359: 4351: 4334:missionaries 4291: 4276:oral history 4272: 4250: 4213:the Dreaming 4209: 4165:declensional 4134: 4112: 4102: 4099:Aldo Massola 4091: 4087: 4076: 4058: 4050: 3885: 3878: 3874: 3871: 3844: 3818: 3807: 3795: 3786:Constitution 3783: 3691:Demographics 3683: 3675: 3668: 3663: 3657: 3652:In 1983 the 3651: 3641:World War II 3637: 3634:situations: 3609:, birth and 3600: 3585:Murray River 3581: 3423: 3421: 3401: 3391: 3377: 3361: 3341: 3331: 3323: 3304: 3301:21st century 3288: 3269: 3260: 3250: 3238: 3220: 3198: 3155: 3139:Linda Burney 3088: 3079: 3061: 3050: 3028: 3022: 3010:Commonwealth 3008:allowed the 2999: 2963: 2959:Freedom Ride 2947: 2885: 2865: 2862: 2829: 2812: 2784: 2539: 2449:Amazon Watch 2152:In 1963 the 2139: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2110: 2106: 2101:Lyndall Ryan 2093: 2050: 2025:blackbirding 2018: 2003: 1984: 1965: 1958: 1955: 1951: 1931:Darug people 1927:tuberculosis 1916: 1884: 1868: 1848:Tiwi Islands 1837: 1803: 1772: 1764: 1760: 1740: 1699: 1583:tribal land 1576:Estimates of 1558: 1550: 1539: 1513:, whalebone 1468: 1460: 1451:parsnip yams 1448: 1435: 1426:Murray River 1418:scarred tree 1403:River Murray 1399:semi-nomadic 1388: 1383: 1356: 1347:Haplogroup N 1343:Haplogroup M 1340: 1316:haplogroup S 1312:haplogroup M 1308:haplogroup Q 1304:Haplogroup R 1293: 1255: 1215:Australasian 1196: 1153: 1145: 1142: 1130:Lake Mungo 3 1129: 1119: 1108: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1014: 909: 899: 891: 876: 852: 825: 819: 803: 775:Tiwi Islands 741:in northern 736: 709: 706: 686: 641: 626: 622: 617: 609: 601: 597: 595: 577: 564:Living Black 562: 561: 549:Living Black 548: 533: 503: 500: 496: 482: 478: 469: 465: 428: 400:Murray River 396: 384: 353: 336: 334: 326: 289: 288: 244:Christianity 36:Ethnic group 33: 25535:Land rights 25438:King plates 25254:Sweet foods 25224:Food groups 25194:Bush tucker 24934:Language(s) 24869:NAIDOC Week 24819:Enumeration 24728:Individuals 24693:Communities 24454:New Zealand 24287:Micronesian 24277:Marshallese 24146:Micronesian 24018:New Zealand 23958:Austronesia 23787:New Zealand 23691:by category 23537:New Zealand 23422:Te Matatini 23273:firewalking 23022:New Zealand 22968:Lau Islands 22930:Austronesia 22798:nguzu nguzu 22786:New Zealand 22756:Austronesia 22629:Anglosphere 22469:Immigration 22434:Citizenship 22301:Agriculture 22187:Nationalism 22130:Enforcement 22103:Transgender 21937:Earthquakes 21925:Environment 21859:Immigration 21788:Archaeology 21678:"Home page" 21666:"Home page" 21646:"Home page" 21630:"Home page" 21620:14 November 21521:23 December 20908:Web sources 20773:(1): 1–32. 20756:. ABC News. 20562:. Letters. 20389:(Australia) 20232:. ABC News. 20173:2440/137331 20117:If Magazine 19893:"Songlines" 19617:064225684-5 18772:Ogden, John 18456:. ABC News. 18266:. ABC News. 18188:news.com.au 17342:20 December 17081:20 November 17010:20 November 16933:9 September 16842:073152076-9 16714:24 November 16494:: 203–222. 16333:23 November 16151:20 November 16088:16 December 15361:. June 2016 15341:. June 2022 15115:20 November 14780:(Australia) 14505:2440/107043 14030:IndigenousX 13256:23 November 13236:9 September 13130:20 December 13092:"Aborigine" 12818:14 November 12778:11 November 12278:Howden 2015 11812:Haydar 2021 11716:Korff 2021b 11505:AG.DoH 2017 11060:Newton 1990 11024:Graves 2017 10877:Korff 2019b 10862:Mercer 2003 10223:Hawley 2009 10153:Gibson 2007 9993:Norman 2016 9697:Marten 2002 9580:Lemkin 1944 9565:Wilson 1997 9499:Harman 2018 9385:Korff 2018a 9349:Murphy 2017 9337:Korff 2018b 9243:Condon 2011 9207:Connor 2016 9195:Pascoe 2007 9042:Morris 2001 9030:Broome 2010 8965:Cook, James 8928:Horton 1996 8886:Pascoe 2015 8784:Pascoe 2018 8524:Wright 2017 8383:Cooper 2001 8308:Marcus 2016 8296:Loxley 2002 8236:Harper 2017 7999:Madley 2012 7984:Pardoe 1991 7936:Boehme 2017 7647:Ballyn 2011 7620:Pardoe 2006 7573:, p. . 7374:Korff 2021a 7267:Horton 2015 7149:Taylor 2008 7094:NAIDOC Week 7078:IndigenousX 6975:Kelvin Kong 6964:Mick Dodson 6956:Jean Little 6869:Yothu Yindi 6861:Ernie Dingo 6742:, like the 6647:Alison Page 6635:Chris Kenny 6510:bi-partisan 6479:John Howard 6464:seat quotas 6189:Yorta Yorta 6091:; economic 5552:Patty Mills 5544:rugby union 5516:Lionel Rose 5435:Adam Goodes 5379:Jardwadjali 5346:Mondellimin 5305:Adam Briggs 5301:Nakkiah Lui 5258:Wayne Blair 5246:Sally Riley 5176:The Straits 5163:Yolŋu Matha 5127:The Tracker 5118:Bryan Brown 5114:Ernie Dingo 5104:Nick Parson 5043:colour film 5031:F.J. Gillen 4931:(2008) and 4919:Anita Heiss 4915:Yvette Holt 4911:Nakkiah Lui 4833:written by 4719:Bullroarers 4715:Arnhem Land 4713:region and 4700:Arnhem Land 4696:A. P. Elkin 4608:–1903) and 4606: 1824 4587:watercolour 4568:Arnhem Land 4464:Arnhem Land 3855:2016 census 3851:2011 census 3779: 1933 3684:Shaw v Wolf 3457:Percentage 3454:Population 3348:child abuse 3338:John Howard 3280:John Howard 3168:. In 1982, 3093:joined the 3018:section 127 3006:Harold Holt 2983:Kev Carmody 2911:Picture of 2877:First Fleet 2858: 1860 2712:Philippines 2692:New Zealand 2364:initiatives 2240:Land rights 2162:Arnhem Land 1943:First Fleet 1887:Rockhampton 1872:New Zealand 1809:First Fleet 1775:First Fleet 1755:New Holland 1596:Queensland 1581:Traditional 1519:Corranderrk 1511:Arnhem Land 1507:stringybark 1283:Philippines 1211:Melanesians 1160:Arnhem Land 771:Tiwi people 732: 1881 672: 1858 638:Thelma Plum 610:Blak lik mi 569:Karla Grant 536:skin colour 492:colonialist 481:(from) and 437:Terminology 404:First Fleet 282:Melanesians 250:no religion 179:New Zealand 56:2021 census 29:Australians 25769:Categories 25426:Prehistory 25349:Visual art 25302:Didgeridoo 25214:Fibrecraft 25189:Bush bread 25055:Mass media 24982:Placenames 24859:Marn Grook 24849:Kurdaitcha 24832:Aboriginal 24794:Corroboree 24713:Victorians 24703:Tasmanians 24307:Polynesian 24282:Melanesian 24223:Sama-Bajau 24156:Polynesian 24136:Melanesian 24121:Mangarevan 23998:Micronesia 23708:Literature 23378:Australia 23124:navigation 22619:Television 22589:Literature 22474:Irreligion 22454:Healthcare 22449:Euthanasia 22429:Censorship 22236:Government 22182:Liberalism 22152:Parliament 21864:Indigenous 21854:Federation 21844:Diplomatic 21818:Since 1945 21783:Prehistory 21138:16 January 21134:. ABC News 20982:"AustLang" 20869:4 December 20728:24 October 20704:(3): 156. 20606:24 January 20586:30 October 20506:24 January 20486:24 January 20457:29 January 20387:High Court 20284:12 October 20264:29 January 19981:(3): 329. 19807:29 January 19738:4 November 19712:4 November 19455:24 October 19435:15 January 19313:25 October 19093:17 January 19072:15 January 19044:24 January 19021:1037018065 18904:4 November 18809:5 November 18789:4 November 18738:. BBC News 18725:4 November 18685:12 October 18602:12 January 18546:The Herald 18515:16 January 18385:28 January 18173:12 October 18152:24 October 18127:17 October 17952:5 November 17726:: 77–106. 17617:28 January 17355:. ABC News 17222:12 January 17149:24 October 16913:29 January 16822:12 October 16754:24 January 16734:6 December 16694:5 December 16690:. Stats NZ 16650:30 October 16530:5 November 16447:. ABC News 16434:4 November 16250:27 January 16230:28 January 16134:4 November 15977:Glynn, Ian 15945:29 January 15925:12 October 15882:5 February 15663:24 October 15464:15 October 15365:8 November 15325:12 October 15286:30 October 15262:. ABC News 15201:10 January 14979:24 October 14950:. ABC News 14778:High Court 14622:10 January 14584:30 October 14564:15 January 14556:(Report). 14465:24 January 14374:28 January 14259:28 January 14170:The laws: 13829:30 October 13776:28 January 13754:30 October 13738:28 January 13653:4 November 13441:8 December 13417:4 November 13378:(Report). 13082:1 February 12999:29 January 12967:4 November 12885:12 January 12838:23 January 12754:23 January 12738:30 October 12478:12 October 12314:Offer 2018 12117:ANTaR 2012 12078:Lloyd 2009 12054:ATNS – ICC 12015:Torre 2022 12003:Nicol 2022 11925:Lloyd 2011 11871:5 February 11846:5 February 11841:Al Jazeera 11824:DoSSM 2022 11788:Korff 2022 11517:LAoNT 2004 11279:Swift 2011 11159:Maher 2013 11048:Fiona 2007 11012:NGA – ATSI 10722:Walsh 1997 10686:Dixon 1997 10662:Evans 2003 10650:UniSA 2008 10587:ABS 2077.0 10199:Anaya 2010 10126:Welch 2008 10068:Pratt 2003 9846:Kelly 2010 9609:Resistance 9541:3 December 9503:Moses 2017 9487:Daley 2014 9373:Wynne 2018 9255:McMah 2016 9054:Foley 2007 8940:Evans 2007 8901:Gough 2011 8848:The Herald 8767:Flood 1984 8443:Brown 2015 8419:Forum 2001 8284:Casey 2009 8128:Ogden 2013 7972:Heath 2017 7924:Munro 2020 7909:Balla 2021 7702:'Genocide' 7635:Moyal 2017 7522:Hodge 1990 7129:Islander". 6944:Eddie Mabo 6912:Nova Peris 6846:Windradyne 6798:Aboriginal 6659:Pat Turner 6643:June Oscar 6631:Mick Gooda 6566:See also: 6495:Kevin Rudd 6416:, who was 6414:Adam Giles 6395:Bess Price 6332:Adam Giles 6278:Pat Dodson 6266:Nova Peris 6223:See also: 6099:; loss of 6076:See also: 5963:Employment 5808:depression 5746:, several 5725:See also: 5665:median age 5619:physically 5445:for 2014. 5399:Wurundjeri 5387:Marn Grook 5293:TV series 5154:Ten Canoes 5149:soundtrack 5132:Gary Sweet 5109:Dead Heart 5087:Peter Weir 5083:bushranger 5010:See also: 4953:BlackWords 4941:Stan Grant 4876:Jack Davis 4783:Literature 4739:Corroboree 4723:clapsticks 4707:didgeridoo 4664:Didgeridoo 4564:Queensland 4420:See also: 4306:Piltawodli 4200:Aboriginal 4185:corroboree 4149:Meriam Mir 4078:sprachbund 4010:population 3984:population 3934:population 3896:Queensland 3836:See also: 3799:Polynesian 3595:See also: 3591:Definition 3441:Population 3409:Section 25 3373:Bess Price 3311:Kevin Rudd 3291:Kevin Rudd 3272:referendum 3201:a group of 3190:400 metres 2979:Paul Kelly 2868:High Court 2847:pelt cloak 2621:Indigenism 2265:Protection 2008:appointed 1991:Mount Baga 1947:chickenpox 1825:Queensland 1813:Botany Bay 1794:Wurundjeri 1747:James Cook 1735:James Cook 1531:buka cloak 1487:Fibrecraft 1475:boomerangs 1439:Wathaurung 1422:Aboriginal 1275:New Guinea 1259:Melanesian 1235:Andamanese 1209:, such as 1138:Lake Mungo 1115:Madjedbebe 1069:See also: 1041:Pila Nguru 1017:ecological 901:Eddie Mabo 879:New Guinea 602:Blaktivism 590:See also: 580:Blackfella 541:Gary Foley 528:See also: 472:aboriginal 470:The word ' 462:Variations 380:didgeridoo 314:Queensland 308:, and the 88:Queensland 25658:continent 25448:Black War 25443:Massacres 25282:Artefacts 25179:Boomerang 25171:Bushcraft 25095:Sorry Day 24909:Songlines 24784:Astronomy 24741:Musicians 24736:Activists 24424:Australia 24347:Tokelauan 24176:Vanuatuan 24104:Mythology 24060:Slit drum 24050:Polynesia 23993:Melanesia 23953:Australia 23757:Australia 23507:Australia 23451:Languages 23372:Festivals 23298:kapa haka 23195:Outrigger 22917:Australia 22889:Polynesia 22864:areca nut 22751:Australia 22526:Squatting 22479:Languages 22444:Education 22424:Aged care 22388:Transport 22197:Socialism 22177:Far-right 22167:Christian 22162:Anarchism 22125:Judiciary 22061:Donations 22056:Elections 21967:Mountains 21915:Continent 21893:Geography 21813:1901–1945 21808:1851–1900 21803:1788–1850 21749:Australia 21337:0028-0836 21069:28 August 20988:. AIATSIS 20833:2205-5010 20789:2770-5005 20718:146744619 20683:7 January 20438:3 January 20422:3 January 20344:2 January 20182:2073-4425 20123:8 January 20097:164778361 19964:5 January 19907:7 January 19649:7 January 19531:147512803 19399:14 August 19340:14 August 19133:ABC Radio 18935:146785882 18531:13 August 18411:28 August 18234:162362872 18226:0043-8243 18109:2205-3220 18029:1039-1010 18021:1837-2317 17759:6 January 17740:146190611 17686:: 69–75. 17593:19 August 17549:17 August 17505:13 August 17428:0737-4038 17359:19 August 17283:19 August 17269:0085-5804 17182:5 January 16894:19 August 16471:6 January 16388:AUSPUBLAW 16353:19 August 16303:"History" 16057:30 August 15911:298595987 15863:746307071 15728:ANU Press 15637:6 January 15610:29 August 15549:8 January 15251:190738751 15220:5 January 14999:19 August 14847:4 January 14753:3 January 14718:13 August 14540:13 August 14522:205257212 14355:2204-1362 14035:28 August 13946:28 August 13907:8 January 13851:13 August 13571:210774854 13563:1444-6928 13301:0027-8424 13204:28 August 13019:19 August 12857:5 January 12798:8 January 12674:23 August 12630:1 January 12614:8 January 12598:1 January 12582:5 January 12546:5 January 12266:ALII 1992 12066:OIPC 2006 11752:AHRC 2008 11680:AHRC 2018 11493:AHRC 2019 11435:NIAA 2018 11171:NAA – DaD 10826:Amery n.d 10773:QCAA 2018 10461:Ross 1999 10449:Ross 1999 10430:Ross 1999 10403:Ross 1999 10349:ALRC 2010 10211:Kirk 2010 9981:ABC 2016b 9858:NMoA 1968 9721:Read 1981 9519:Ryan 2021 9132:Mear 2008 9069:Lack 1963 8952:Bach 1966 8916:Hugo 2012 8572:Yang 2022 8320:ABC 2016a 8062:ABS 2004a 7801:Bird 2011 7335:Citations 7280:Wood 2012 7161:Ryan 1996 6908:Ken Wyatt 6830:Bennelong 6705:Cape York 6697:Kimberley 6590:Tom Calma 6552:Makarrata 6548:Statement 6352:territory 6317:Ben Wyatt 6305:Ken Wyatt 6294:incumbent 6282:incumbent 6274:incumbent 5890:Education 5799:self-harm 5750:(such as 5697:education 5540:Mark Ella 5474:Tom Wills 5454:Tom Wills 5403:Gippsland 5359:Victorian 5277:Cleverman 5210:TV series 5185:Jimi Bani 5060:Walkabout 5057:. 1971's 4895:Kim Scott 4868:'s novel 4835:Bennelong 4735:oral lore 4731:Dreamtime 4727:Songlines 4711:Kimberley 4576:Dreamtime 4403:Christian 4318:Schürmann 4253:Ngangkari 4242:songlines 4222:ancestral 4169:Yumplatok 4103:nganbirra 4065:Kimberley 4028:Languages 3971:excluded) 3865:. In the 3845:The 2006 3199:In 1984, 3170:Mark Ella 3156:In sport 3133:. In the 3123:Ken Wyatt 3076:Mabo Case 2732:Venezuela 2657:Australia 2652:Argentina 2644:Countries 2564:Biopiracy 2504:Land Back 1976:Truganini 1866:in 1869. 1680:Tasmania 1652:Victoria 1503:paperbark 1483:Stone Age 1420:is where 1330:, a.k.a. 1288:Denisovan 1207:Oceanians 1122:Mungo Man 844:Truganini 596:The term 508:(such as 427:" in the 425:genocidal 413:Massacres 376:boomerang 364:religious 335:The term 322:Melanesia 296:prior to 294:Australia 217:Minority: 194:Languages 54:812,728 ( 25455:Missions 25307:Dreaming 25204:Coolamon 25075:Politics 24919:Tjurunga 24623:folklore 24439:Kiribati 24376:Religion 24362:Visayans 24337:Tahitian 24317:Rapa Nui 24247:Hawaiian 24228:Chamorro 24185:Research 24171:Tuvaluan 24161:Rapa Nui 24141:Menehune 23983:Kiribati 23772:Kiribati 23522:Kiribati 23388:Hawaiʻi 23363:'upa'upa 23303:Kiribati 23253:ʻAparima 23175:Hōkūleʻa 22997:Kiribati 22848:tivaevae 22828:taʻovala 22776:magimagi 22676:Category 22521:Religion 22419:Abortion 22373:Taxation 22142:Monarchy 22137:Military 22093:Intersex 22029:Politics 22010:Capitals 21874:Monarchy 21869:Military 21849:Economic 21827:By topic 21773:Timeline 21753:articles 21709:26 March 21656:26 March 21636:26 March 21471:Quadrant 21454:24753576 21355:34433944 21294:20 April 21197:26 March 21157:Archived 21111:"bininj" 21038:ABC News 21024:9 August 20992:26 March 20972:3 August 20925:26 March 20817:. 2018. 20526:30 April 20416:Archived 20296:(1974). 20200:36553640 20073:47 min. 20004:26 March 19853:14580590 19661:(1996). 19594:23895479 19549:9 August 19425:Dovetail 19411:Archived 19264:21940856 19186:Archived 19159:26 March 19038:Archived 18950:: 1–21. 18625:23164573 18586:9 August 18553:25 March 18483:26515539 18315:26 March 18295:2 August 18072:20691402 17924:23319617 17871:27654912 17812:27654914 17711:Archived 17671:31243109 17663:15890885 17579:ABC News 17446:28074030 17302:30 April 17202:1 August 17025:ABC News 16991:12532283 16856:ABC News 16674:28 March 16585:17496137 16510:43687042 16393:16 April 16373:9 August 16245:ABC News 16166:ABC News 16103:Overland 15957:(1977). 15675:(1984). 15502:licence. 15381:9 August 15266:28 April 15144:1 August 14973:Archived 14954:28 April 14939:37303807 14931:11388352 14734:26 March 14514:28726833 14437:26 March 14226:(2010). 14210:Victoria 14204:Tasmania 14164:26 March 14117:12594511 13997:26 March 13978:(1862). 13966:26 March 13809:26 March 13364:25877615 13319:11209053 13180:26 April 13152:22 March 12961:ABC News 12772:Archived 12718:28 April 12392:ABC 2003 12380:ABC 2008 12237:PEG 2012 11913:BBC 2010 11901:Ker 2010 11668:ABS 2019 11609:IAA 2018 11036:LPP 2001 10940:NSW NPWS 10512:SBS 2012 10488:ABS 2016 10298:ABS 2023 10286:ABS 2001 10235:ABC 2011 10141:CoA 2012 9313:GoQ 2016 8731:BBC 2015 8500:UoS 2005 7541:ABS 2012 7401:ABS 2022 7347:ABS 2021 7318::356–64) 7233:Tasmania 6981:See also 6838:Pemulwuy 6483:Preamble 6356:Tiwi man 6210:holds a 6178:Timeline 5844:cannabis 5623:sexually 5581:and the 5538:, while 5508:Olympics 5498:titles. 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1219:Negritos 1166:Genetics 912:decision 832:Tasmania 806:language 795:Warlpiri 793:and the 783:Tasmania 759:Victoria 751:Arrernte 717:language 676:Victoria 573:Arrernte 510:Arrernte 409:smallpox 360:artistic 343:and the 306:Tasmania 235:Religion 153:Tasmania 127:Victoria 121:(30.34%) 25724:Oceania 25694:Eurasia 25652:of the 25487:Apology 25421:History 25364:History 25264:Woomera 25040:AIATSIS 24894:Seasons 24844:Kinship 24809:Deities 24799:Country 24776:Culture 24766:Writers 24680:Peoples 24627:cuisine 24590:Tokelau 24489:Vanuatu 24332:Tagalog 24322:Rotuman 24292:Negrito 24262:Ivatans 24252:Ilocano 24237:Rekohu) 24090:Vanuatu 24075:Tokelau 23923:Tokelau 23822:Vanuatu 23673:Tokelau 23572:Vanuatu 23459:by area 23348:tautoga 23283:hivinau 23185:Karakoa 23084:Vanuatu 22910:general 22818:tā moko 22813:reimiro 22803:Oceania 22653:Outline 22624:Theatre 22614:Symbols 22579:Cuisine 22546:Culture 22407:Society 22383:Tourism 22353:Poverty 22289:Economy 22071:Parties 21972:Regions 21962:Islands 21957:Geology 21952:Forests 21920:Deserts 21905:Climate 21879:Railway 21761:History 21488:Reports 21445:4034217 21422:Bibcode 21396:3014371 21361:qpGraph 21346:8387238 21317:Bibcode 21177:6 April 21121:20 June 21100:28 June 20673:AIATSIS 20402:25 July 20191:9778601 20071:(film). 20040:. 2008. 19861:2517580 19833:Bibcode 19585:3796865 19359:11 June 19255:3991479 19234:Bibcode 19226:Science 19139:21 June 18884:6 April 18828:Bibcode 18762:22 June 18757:The Age 18705:23 July 18580:The Age 18491:2225529 18063:2917718 17915:3562786 17892:Bibcode 17862:5161557 17841:Bibcode 17820:4471731 17782:Bibcode 17643:Bibcode 17635:Science 17485:6 April 17437:5400393 17124:27 June 17030:10 July 16864:"JEDDA" 16802:27 June 16770:6 April 16708:AIATSIS 16626:23 July 16576:1885570 16553:Bibcode 16524:The Age 16466:AIATSIS 16451:24 June 16275:PM show 16191:16 July 16018:5 April 15590:5 April 15105:Q&A 14994:Science 14911:Science 14790:AIATSIS 14678:19 June 14662:19 June 14646:19 June 14484:Bibcode 14417:6 March 14125:4365526 14097:Bibcode 13874:Bibcode 13674:5 April 13619:10 July 13599:3 March 13528:14 June 13471:18 June 13380:AIATSIS 13355:4453060 13279:Bibcode 13220:. 2001. 13166:"About" 13114:27 June 12905:21 June 12901:. 2004a 12530:10 July 12502:27 June 12416:Sources 11133:The Age 7235:; ; ; 6749:Noongar 6701:Top End 6582:Cabinet 6348:(state 6334:of the 6307:of the 6163:Discuss 6025:assault 5979:with a 5921:Year 12 5871:by the 5804:anxiety 5795:suicide 5766:, poor 5703:housing 5656:In the 5405:by the 5397:by the 5373:by the 5371:Millewa 5363:Wimmera 5315:Theatre 4996:Discuss 4949:AustLit 4551:Lascaux 4526:in the 4445:in the 4410:Culture 4255:in the 4083:genetic 4067:to the 3880:de jure 3810:Cabinet 3619:Federal 3603:lineage 3451:Census 3204:Pintupi 3141:of the 3125:of the 3049:as the 2915:at the 2791:Federal 2687:Namibia 2672:Finland 2667:Denmark 2594:Ecocide 2413:ILO 169 2408:ILO 107 1919:measles 1903:annexed 1712:, with 1497:in the 1495:wiltjas 1479:woomera 1443:Murnong 1380:Ridpath 1279:Mamanwa 1095:Gweagal 1051:History 791:Luritja 779:Palawah 773:of the 713:kinship 575:woman. 514:demonym 278:Papuans 201:English 199:Mostly 173:(1.86%) 160:(5.51%) 147:(2.47%) 134:(0.94%) 108:(3.93%) 105:100,512 95:(4.57%) 92:221,276 82:(3.55%) 79:265,685 25679:Africa 25591:Treaty 25530:Health 25508:Issues 24972:Palawa 24828:Flags 24824:Elders 24629:, see 24611:cinema 24565:Hawaii 24484:Tuvalu 24352:Tongan 24302:Papuan 24257:Igorot 24206:People 24166:Samoan 24116:Fijian 24085:Tuvalu 24070:Tahiti 23898:Hawaii 23817:Tuvalu 23648:Hawaii 23567:Tuvalu 23358:Tuvalu 23343:tāmūrē 23338:Tahiti 23328:Rotuma 23318:pa'o'a 23313:'ote'a 23293:kailao 23160:Bangka 23143:Canoes 23079:Tuvalu 22879:Lapita 22838:tattoo 22681:Portal 22574:Cinema 22516:Racism 22489:People 22348:Mining 22311:Energy 22306:Dollar 22051:Courts 22041:Asylum 22015:Cities 21982:Rivers 21930:issues 21751: 21575:about 21541: 21504: 21452: 21442: 21394: 21353: 21343: 21335: 21309:Nature 21250: 21231: 20831: 20821: 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The 5981:degree 5919:Reach 5914:NAPLAN 5737:income 5721:Health 5694:health 5520:boxing 5492:tennis 5391:possum 5367:Mallee 5260:, and 5187:(from 5018:, and 4884:Poetry 4683:social 4516:UNESCO 4326:Kaurna 4238:Bunjil 4230:Baiame 4119:dyadic 4045:, and 2985:song " 2727:Tawain 2682:Mexico 2662:Brazil 2551:Issues 2534:KAFFED 2469:CONAIE 2377:UNPFII 2353:UNPFII 2308:CIRNAC 2217:Rights 2099:under 2090:, 1883 2078:, 1838 1913:Impact 1864:Darwin 1800:, 1835 1710:bamboo 1647:10.3% 1644:18.9% 1641:15.3% 1633:17.2% 1630:12.6% 1627:15.9% 1619:22.1% 1616:20.2% 1613:19.7% 1605:34.2% 1602:37.9% 1599:38.2% 1542:traded 1491:canoes 1407:Canoes 1263:Papuan 1073:, and 1063:, and 822:, 1859 739:Anangu 701:, and 689:, 1922 586:"Blak" 402:. The 258:<2% 157:28,537 144:42,265 131:57,767 118:74,546 25654:world 25601:Voice 25596:Truth 25525:Crime 25312:Music 25297:Dance 25259:Waddy 25244:Soaks 25229:Humpy 25020:ATSIC 24619:dress 24479:Tonga 24469:Samoa 24459:Palau 24449:Nauru 24272:Māori 24267:Lumad 24131:Māori 24126:Maohi 24080:Tonga 24055:Sāmoa 24040:Palau 24023:Māori 24008:Nauru 23941:Music 23812:Tonga 23802:Samoa 23792:Palau 23782:Nauru 23562:Tonga 23552:Samoa 23542:Palau 23532:Nauru 23353:Tonga 23246:Dance 23237:Walap 23220:Vinta 23205:Paraw 23069:Tonga 23059:Sāmoa 23044:Palau 23027:Māori 23012:Nauru 22884:Māori 22843:tēfui 22833:tapa 22823:tabua 22791:Māori 22660:Index 22609:Sport 22604:Radio 22594:Music 22584:Dance 22536:Women 22439:Crime 22343:Media 22209:Women 21947:Fauna 21942:Flora 21535:(PDF) 21515:(PDF) 21498:(PDF) 21408:(PDF) 21392:JSTOR 21288:(PDF) 21273:(PDF) 21215:Books 21203:Trove 21094:(PDF) 21083:(PDF) 20893:(PDF) 20886:(PDF) 20714:S2CID 20622:(PDF) 20560:(PDF) 20385:335, 20377: 20303:(PDF) 20150:Genes 20093:S2CID 19875:(PDF) 19857:S2CID 19821:(PDF) 19772:(PDF) 19608:(PDF) 19527:S2CID 19488:(PDF) 19389:ANTaR 19353:(PDF) 19326:(PDF) 19295:(PDF) 19278:(PDF) 19113:(PDF) 19106:(PDF) 19066:(PDF) 18931:S2CID 18921:: 1. 18900:. n.d 18860:(rtf) 18621:JSTOR 18509:(PDF) 18502:(PDF) 18487:S2CID 18432:(PDF) 18425:(PDF) 18369:8 May 18329:(PDF) 18275:. 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21140:2020 21123:2019 21102:2009 21071:2020 21026:2009 20994:2022 20974:2013 20927:2022 20871:2011 20829:ISSN 20819:ISBN 20785:ISSN 20730:2012 20685:2020 20654:ISBN 20626:ISBN 20608:2020 20588:2018 20543:ISBN 20528:2018 20508:2020 20488:2020 20459:2017 20440:2020 20424:2020 20404:2023 20365:2011 20346:2020 20311:ISBN 20286:2009 20266:2017 20243:ISBN 20215:ISBN 20196:PMID 20178:ISSN 20125:2020 20052:ISBN 20026:2011 20006:2022 19966:2020 19950:2022 19922:ISBN 19909:2020 19879:ISBN 19849:PMID 19809:2017 19740:2020 19714:2020 19671:ISBN 19651:2020 19612:ISBN 19590:PMID 19551:2009 19496:ISBN 19470:ISBN 19457:2018 19437:2020 19401:2020 19361:2020 19342:2020 19315:2012 19282:ISBN 19260:PMID 19213:2011 19194:2015 19161:2022 19141:2007 19095:2020 19074:2020 19046:2020 19017:OCLC 19007:ISBN 18988:ISBN 18969:ISBN 18948:2006 18906:2020 18886:2021 18811:2016 18791:2020 18764:2018 18744:2019 18727:2020 18707:2016 18687:2009 18663:NITV 18644:ISBN 18604:2018 18588:2009 18568:Time 18555:2020 18533:2013 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