27:
1075:—not nationalism—were the economic motivations for the First World War. In the Preface to the French and German editions of the essay, Lenin proposed that revolt against the capitalist global system would be realised with the "thousand million people" of the colonies and semi-colonies (the weak points of the imperial system), rather than with the urban workers of the industrialised societies of Western Europe. That revolution would extend to the advanced (industrial) capitalist countries from the underdeveloped countries, such as Tsarist Russia, where he and the
937:'s conception of imperialism, which separates the political dimension from the fundamental economic basis. Lenin ties together the threads of his analysis, emphasizing the basic features of imperialism, including the concentration of production and capital, the merging of bank and industrial capital, the export of capital, and the formation of international monopolies. He argues that these features are products of the development of capitalism itself, rather than just policies pursued by capitalists.
684:
708:
139:
696:
1003:
meaningful development due to this exploitation. This affects their ability to engage with each other and defend themselves. Imperialism's all-encompassing power distorts social and economic processes in both imperialist and colonized nations. Therefore, the struggle between imperialism and decolonization is the most important conflict for the future of humanity.
921:
with older capitalist powers stagnating and newer ones growing rapidly. Lenin argues that the contradiction between economic development and colonial possessions can only be solved through war for redivision between these powers. In the late 19th
Century countries like Britain and France took the majority of colonial possessions.
26:
820:(1914–1918) was "an annexationist, predatory, plunderous war" among empires, whose historical and economic background must be studied "to understand and appraise modern war and modern politics". For capitalism to generate greater profits than the home market can yield, the merging of banks and industrial cartels produces
920:
In this chapter, Lenin discusses the final partition of the world between imperialist powers from 1876 to 1900. The colonial policy of these powers aimed to monopolize control over sources of raw materials and labor in specific territories. However, there were imbalances in the division of the world,
966:
critics only call for reforming its most violent aspects, rather than opposing it. Lenin also mentions the petit-bourgeois democratic opposition to imperialism, which contrasts freedom, democracy, and competition as alternatives to imperialism. However, Lenin argues that the workers' movement should
836:
of most of the population of the world. Therefore, imperialism is the highest (advanced) stage of capitalism, requiring monopolies to exploit labour and natural resources, and the exportation of finance capital, rather than manufactured goods, to sustain colonialism, which is an integral function of
1054:
Half a century ago, Germany was a miserable, insignificant country, if her capitalist strength is compared with that of the
Britain of that time; Japan compared with Russia in the same way. Is it "conceivable that in ten or twenty years' time the relative strength will have remained unchanged?" It
940:
Lenin attacks
Kautsky's "ultra-imperialism", which claims that international cartels would lessen the unevenness and contradictions inherent in world capitalism. Lenin argues that finance capital and trusts actually increase the unevenness in the rate of growth between different parts of the world
1002:
exploit both their own citizens and the resources and people of other countries, creating a parasitic relationship that allows cartels to profit and expand. This ultimately relies on the use of force or threat of use of force to protect private interests. Exploited nations are unable to achieve
949:
Lenin explains that imperialism leads to increasing parasitism in advanced imperialist nations, where a section of the population lives off the dividends drawn from massive investments abroad. This results in tendencies towards stagnation and decay, as monopoly prices eliminate the incentive to
862:
In this chapter, Lenin explains how the concentration of production leads to the concentration of capital, which is controlled by banks. Banks become more than mere intermediaries between savers and borrowers and begin to exert control over industry and finance.
1151:) Publishers, Petrograd, in mid 1917, with criticisms of Kautsky removed by and with a preface by Lenin, dated April 26. After the First World War, he added a new Preface (6 July 1920) for the French and German editions, which was first published in the
853:
Lenin argues that capitalism has progressed from a competitive stage to a monopolistic stage, where a few large corporations dominate the market. This concentration of production leads to monopolies, which in turn, leads to the rise of finance capital.
891:
This means that businesses will relocate to other countries in order to find resources to exploit and workers to employ. As a result, workers in advanced capitalist countries will be kept in check by the fear of
1133:, a five times nominee for the Nobel Prize in Literature and Lenin's friend; it would become a part of a series of popular surveys of West European countries involved in the war edited by the Marxist historian
887:
and surplus capital, which is then exported to less developed countries in search of higher profits. This export of capital leads to imperialism, as powerful countries seek to control and exploit weaker ones.
1049:
among the
European empires continually changed, thereby disallowing the political unity of ultra-imperialism, and that such political instability motivated competition and conflict, rather than co-operation:
837:
imperialism. Moreover, in the capitalist homeland, the super-profits yielded by the colonial exploitation of a people and their economy permit businessmen to bribe native politicians, labour leaders and the
987:, the role of banks as monopolists of finance capital, and a new colonial policy centered around the struggle for raw materials and capital exports. He argues that imperialism has led to increases in the
1037:, an Austrian Marxist, whose syntheses Lenin applied to the geopolitical circumstances of the First World War, caused by imperial competition among the European empires. Three years earlier, in 1914,
991:
for working people and increased unevenness in the economic development of states. Lenin sees the monopolies' oligarchical powers as a symptom of a transitional era and a "moribund" capitalism.
941:
economy, which leads to wars between imperialist powers. This critique highlights the potential dangers of reformist ideas that do not address the underlying economic basis of imperialism.
531:
1759:
871:
Lenin explains how finance capital emerges as a result of the merger of industrial and banking capital. This new form of capital leads to the emergence of a financial
490:
962:
In this chapter, Lenin discusses the attitudes of different classes towards imperialism. He notes that the propertied classes support imperialism and that even
1783:
1823:
1815:
1041:
proposed a theory of capitalist coalition, wherein the imperial powers would unite and subsume their nationalist and economic antagonisms to a system of
443:
433:
509:
463:
1045:, whereby they would jointly effect the colonialist exploitation of the underdeveloped world. Lenin countered Kautsky by proposing that the
571:
536:
103:
1046:
1791:
738:
586:
566:
541:
1721:
1696:
1314:
1735:
383:
832:
business companies. In colonizing undeveloped countries, business and government will engage in geopolitical conflict over the
485:
1859:
1620:
1594:
828:
to countries with undeveloped and underdeveloped economies. In turn, that financial behaviour divides the world among
1767:
1467:
912:. The struggle for control over territories and resources leads to competition and conflict among capitalist powers.
403:
1869:
1864:
1751:
598:
1894:
1854:
1884:
731:
236:
1889:
1689:
1095:(1919–1943), which he intellectually and politically dominated in the July and August conferences of 1920.
241:
1874:
1716:
1232:
1206:
1221:
967:
not oppose imperialism by advocating for a return to free competition but should instead work towards
896:
and will be content with the social welfare provided by the profits made through imperialist actions.
1899:
1669:
1410:
724:
1368:
950:
invest in technological improvement. The large monopoly profits of a few rich countries are used to
158:
1807:
783:
423:
1879:
1775:
1682:
1064:
593:
453:
251:
246:
216:
1383:
1137:, but Gorky put it out in addition to the regular series. It was announced in Gorky's magazine
833:
1660:
1492:
979:
In this chapter, Lenin characterizes imperialism as a stage of monopoly capitalism marked by
787:
641:
211:
206:
1831:
1743:
1068:
1017:
393:
163:
8:
1310:
1092:
905:
825:
576:
519:
1449:
1080:
838:
821:
779:
646:
631:
621:
616:
524:
514:
339:
334:
256:
1616:
1590:
1441:
1233:
The
Accumulation of Capital: A Contribution to an Economic Explanation of Imperialism
1134:
1042:
1034:
799:
775:
546:
497:
226:
120:
70:
770:, by the interlacing of bank and industrial capital, in order to create a financial
1326:
1105:
took inspiration from the text and sought to update it, with the title of his book
1084:
700:
688:
663:
319:
304:
276:
266:
201:
173:
92:
1640:
1610:
1584:
1534:
1330:
1211:
1183:
904:
In this chapter, Lenin discusses how the division of the world into colonies and
712:
626:
354:
261:
74:
1705:
1665:
1644:
1542:
1237:
1226:
1187:
1102:
1022:
988:
899:
884:
763:
651:
344:
294:
231:
40:
1848:
1445:
1315:"The New Imperialism of Globalized Monopoly-Finance Capital: An Introduction"
1216:
1098:
842:
556:
364:
359:
329:
314:
1038:
995:
934:
893:
581:
324:
299:
1468:"Commanding Heights : Lenin's Critique of Global Capitalism | on PBS"
928:
915:
1130:
1012:
963:
909:
866:
817:
804:
349:
309:
271:
1453:
1429:
848:
707:
1411:"Lenin: 1916/imp-hsc: III. FINANCE CAPITAL AND THE FINANCIAL OLIGARCHY"
1076:
791:
668:
658:
561:
502:
221:
178:
153:
108:
968:
872:
795:
771:
767:
183:
168:
1556:
Debating the
African Condition Ali Mazrui and His Critics · Volume 2
1122:
1072:
980:
829:
551:
128:
974:
1674:
1369:
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1916lenin-imperialism.html#bm3
1139:
951:
922:
636:
138:
944:
999:
984:
1430:"Lenin, Imperialism, and the Stages of Capitalist Development"
695:
1586:
Revolution at the Gates: Selected
Writings of Lenin from 1917
1384:
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1916lenin-imperialism.html
1350:
766:
in 1916 and published in 1917. It describes the formation of
1760:
Two
Tactics of Social Democracy in the Democratic Revolution
900:
Chapter 5: The
Division of the World Among Capitalist Powers
841:(upper stratum of the working class) to politically thwart
1129:, a Petrograd-based publishing house set up by the writer
1063:(1920) identified the territorially punitive Russo–German
857:
883:
Lenin argues that the concentration of capital leads to
929:
Chapter 7: Imperialism as a Special Stage of Capitalism
916:
Chapter 6: Division of the World Among the Great Powers
1784:
The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism
867:
Chapter 3: Finance Capital and the Financial Oligarchy
1285:
1264:
957:
849:
Chapter 1: Concentration of Production and Monopolies
1816:
The Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky
878:
434:
The Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky
1079:had successfully assumed political command of the
1015:as the ultimate stage of capitalism derived from
1846:
1125:, during the January–June period; he sent it to
1119:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of the Capitalism
794:. The essay synthesises Lenin's developments of
975:Chapter 10: The Place of Imperialism in History
845:(labour strike) and placate the working class.
464:Leninism: Introduction to the Study of Leninism
1107:Neo-Colonialism, the Last Stage of Imperialism
1690:
1380:"Imperialism, The Highest Stage of Capitalism
945:Chapter 8: Parasitism and Decay of Capitalism
875:, which controls the economy and government.
816:In the Prefaces to the essay, Lenin said the
732:
50:
1824:"Left-Wing" Communism: An Infantile Disorder
1800:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
1661:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
1637:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
1539:Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism
1523:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
1493:Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism
1287:Imperializmʺ kakʺ novějšij etapʺ kapitalizma
1279:Имперіализмъ какъ новѣйшій этапъ капитализма
1266:Imperializm kak vysshaja stadija kapitalizma
1194:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
1180:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
1173:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
1089:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
1061:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
753:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
444:"Left-Wing" Communism: An Infantile Disorder
414:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism
52:Имперіализмъ какъ новѣйшій этапъ капитализма
20:Imperialism, the Newest Stage of Capitalism
1558:. Africa World Press. 2004. pp. 69–70.
1047:balance of power in international relations
994:Lenin thus argues that advanced capitalist
759:Imperialism, the Newest Stage of Capitalism
104:Imperialism, the Newest Stage of Capitalism
1792:The Right of Nations to Self-Determination
1697:
1683:
1568:
1166:Империализм, как новейший этап капитализма
1087:, Lenin expected to realise the theory of
1006:
739:
725:
25:
1427:
1258:Империализм как высшая стадия капитализма
925:in particular arrived late on the scene.
1615:. Bloomsbury Academic. 30 October 1999.
971:as the only alternative to imperialism.
824:, and the exportation and investment of
1736:The Development of Capitalism in Russia
1504:
1502:
858:Chapter 2: The Banks and Their New Role
384:The Development of Capitalism in Russia
1847:
1309:
1112:
486:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
1678:
954:an upper layer of the working class.
1499:
1363:"Imperialism and Capitalism" in the
1011:Lenin's socio-political analysis of
1352:The Globalization of World Politics
13:
1704:
1612:Maxim Gorky: A Political Biography
958:Chapter 9: Critique of Imperialism
933:In this chapter, Lenin criticizes
14:
1911:
1768:Materialism and Empirio-criticism
1653:
1512:. London: Routledge. pp. 116–126.
1071:(1919) as proofs that empire and
404:Materialism and Empirio-criticism
1752:One Step Forward, Two Steps Back
879:Chapter 4: The Export of Capital
706:
694:
682:
137:
31:Cover of a Russian first edition
1629:
1603:
1577:
1562:
1548:
1528:
1515:
1484:
1460:
1175:, London: Lawrence and Wishart.
774:, and explains the function of
1421:
1403:
1390:
1374:
1367:, No. 18, October 1921. p. 3.
1357:
1344:
1303:
1271:
1250:
1:
1296:
599:Joseph Stalin's rise to power
1860:Books critical of capitalism
1589:. Verso Books. August 2011.
1569:Eisenstadt, Schmuel (1971).
1428:Mcdonough, Terrence (1995).
1400:, Pearson: London. pp. 91–93
1331:10.14452/MR-067-03-2015-07_1
1168:, Петроград: Жизнь и Знание.
1025:, an English economist, and
242:Proletarian internationalism
7:
1573:. Basic Books. p. 617.
1286:
1265:
1207:Vladimir Lenin bibliography
1200:
16:1917 book by Vladimir Lenin
10:
1916:
1109:alluding to Lenin's work.
811:
756:, originally published as
587:Death and funeral of Lenin
1730:
1712:
1670:Marxists Internet Archive
1537:(2000) "Introduction" to
1278:
1257:
98:
88:
80:
66:
58:
46:
36:
24:
1808:The State and Revolution
1508:Christopher Read (2005)
1382:Preface, 26 April 1917.
1243:
1059:The post–War edition of
908:is a natural outcome of
790:, as the final stage of
784:exploitation colonialism
532:History of Soviet Russia
424:The State and Revolution
1870:Works by Vladimir Lenin
1865:Books about imperialism
1776:Philosophical Notebooks
1639:, with Introduction by
1541:, by Lenin. New Delhi,
1365:Communist International
1192:Vladimir Lenin (2010),
1182:, with Introduction by
1178:Vladimir Lenin (2000),
1171:Vladimir Lenin (1948),
1164:Владимир Ленин (1917),
1153:Communist International
1065:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
1055:is out of the question.
1007:Theoretical development
762:, is a book written by
572:Anti-religious campaign
454:Foundations of Leninism
252:Revolutionary situation
247:Revolutionary defeatism
217:Dialectical materialism
1895:Historical materialism
1855:1916 non-fiction books
1635:Vladimir Lenin (2000)
1521:Vladimir Lenin (2000)
1222:Singer–Prebisch thesis
1083:of 1917. In political
1057:
834:exploitation of labour
51:
1885:Books about communism
1434:Science & Society
1117:In 1916, Lenin wrote
1052:
567:National delimitation
542:Collective leadership
212:Democratic centralism
207:Collective leadership
1311:Foster, John Bellamy
1069:Treaty of Versailles
1018:Imperialism: A Study
906:spheres of influence
701:Socialism portal
689:Communism portal
1890:Imperialism studies
1744:What Is To Be Done?
1571:Political Sociology
1396:Paul Bowles (2007)
1196:, Penguin Classics.
1113:Publication history
1093:Third International
713:Politics portal
577:New Economic Policy
520:February Revolution
394:What Is to Be Done?
237:National liberation
47:Original title
21:
1875:Russian literature
1149:Life and Knowledge
1081:October Revolution
839:labour aristocracy
822:finance capitalism
622:Anti-Leninist left
617:26 Baku Commissars
525:October Revolution
515:Russian Revolution
510:RSDLP (Bolsheviks)
335:Grigori Sokolnikov
257:Self-determination
148:Schools of thought
19:
1842:
1841:
1622:978-0-275-96605-8
1596:978-1-84467-714-6
1284:
1263:
1143:and published by
1135:Mikhail Pokrovsky
1043:ultra-imperialism
1035:Rudolf Hilferding
1031:Das Finanzcapital
800:political economy
776:financial capital
749:
748:
498:Prague Conference
377:Theoretical works
227:Labor aristocracy
114:
113:
89:Publication place
71:Political economy
1907:
1900:Anti-imperialism
1722:List of speeches
1699:
1692:
1685:
1676:
1675:
1647:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1546:
1532:
1526:
1519:
1513:
1506:
1497:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1415:www.marxists.org
1407:
1401:
1394:
1388:
1378:
1372:
1361:
1355:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1307:
1290:
1289:
1283:romanized:
1282:
1280:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1262:romanized:
1261:
1259:
1254:
741:
734:
727:
711:
710:
699:
698:
687:
686:
685:
664:Orthodox Marxism
469:
459:
449:
439:
429:
419:
409:
399:
389:
320:Grigory Zinoviev
305:Nikolai Bukharin
277:World revolution
267:Soviet democracy
202:Anti-imperialism
164:Marxism–Leninism
141:
131:
116:
115:
93:Russian Republic
54:
29:
22:
18:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1726:
1708:
1703:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1641:Prabhat Patnaik
1634:
1630:
1623:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1567:
1563:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1535:Prabhat Patnaik
1533:
1529:
1520:
1516:
1507:
1500:
1489:
1485:
1476:
1474:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1426:
1422:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1395:
1391:
1379:
1375:
1362:
1358:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1333:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1276:
1272:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1212:Banana republic
1203:
1184:Prabhat Patnaik
1155:No. 18 (1921).
1145:Zhizn i Znaniye
1115:
1067:(1918) and the
1027:Finance Capital
1009:
977:
960:
947:
931:
918:
902:
881:
869:
860:
851:
818:First World War
814:
798:'s theories of
745:
705:
693:
683:
681:
674:
673:
627:De-Leninization
612:
604:
603:
481:
473:
472:
467:
457:
447:
437:
427:
417:
407:
397:
387:
378:
370:
369:
355:Antonio Gramsci
290:
282:
281:
262:Socialist state
197:
189:
188:
174:Right communism
149:
129:
75:economic theory
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1913:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1880:Marxist theory
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1828:
1820:
1812:
1804:
1796:
1788:
1780:
1772:
1764:
1756:
1748:
1740:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1706:Vladimir Lenin
1702:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1666:Vladimir Lenin
1655:
1654:External links
1652:
1649:
1648:
1645:LeftWord Books
1628:
1621:
1602:
1595:
1576:
1561:
1547:
1543:Leftword Books
1527:
1514:
1498:
1483:
1459:
1440:(3): 339–367.
1420:
1402:
1389:
1373:
1356:
1343:
1319:Monthly Review
1301:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1270:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1238:Rosa Luxemburg
1229:
1227:Neocolonialism
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1188:LeftWord Books
1176:
1169:
1161:
1160:
1114:
1111:
1103:neocolonialism
1023:John A. Hobson
1008:
1005:
989:cost of living
976:
973:
959:
956:
946:
943:
930:
927:
917:
914:
901:
898:
885:overproduction
880:
877:
868:
865:
859:
856:
850:
847:
813:
810:
778:in generating
764:Vladimir Lenin
747:
746:
744:
743:
736:
729:
721:
718:
717:
716:
715:
703:
691:
676:
675:
672:
671:
666:
661:
656:
655:
654:
652:Left communism
649:
644:
634:
629:
624:
619:
613:
611:Related topics
610:
609:
606:
605:
602:
601:
596:
591:
590:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
529:
528:
527:
522:
512:
507:
506:
505:
495:
494:
493:
482:
479:
478:
475:
474:
471:
470:
460:
450:
440:
430:
420:
410:
400:
390:
379:
376:
375:
372:
371:
368:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
345:Amadeo Bordiga
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
295:Vladimir Lenin
291:
288:
287:
284:
283:
280:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
232:Liquidationism
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
198:
195:
194:
191:
190:
187:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:
134:
133:
125:
124:
112:
111:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
68:
64:
63:
60:
56:
55:
48:
44:
43:
41:Vladimir Lenin
38:
34:
33:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1912:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1646:
1643:, New Delhi:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1598:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1572:
1565:
1557:
1551:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1524:
1518:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1424:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1377:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1353:
1347:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1302:
1288:
1274:
1267:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1217:Globalization
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1186:, New Delhi:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1099:Kwame Nkrumah
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1004:
1001:
997:
996:nation-states
992:
990:
986:
982:
972:
970:
965:
955:
953:
942:
938:
936:
926:
924:
913:
911:
907:
897:
895:
889:
886:
876:
874:
864:
855:
846:
844:
843:worker revolt
840:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
809:
807:
806:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
760:
755:
754:
742:
737:
735:
730:
728:
723:
722:
720:
719:
714:
709:
704:
702:
697:
692:
690:
680:
679:
678:
677:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
608:
607:
600:
597:
595:
592:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
557:War communism
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
533:
530:
526:
523:
521:
518:
517:
516:
513:
511:
508:
504:
501:
500:
499:
496:
492:
489:
488:
487:
484:
483:
477:
476:
466:
465:
461:
456:
455:
451:
446:
445:
441:
436:
435:
431:
426:
425:
421:
416:
415:
411:
406:
405:
401:
396:
395:
391:
386:
385:
381:
380:
374:
373:
366:
365:Antonio Negri
363:
361:
360:Kwame Nkrumah
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
340:György Lukács
338:
336:
333:
331:
330:Andrei Bubnov
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
315:Joseph Stalin
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
292:
286:
285:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
199:
193:
192:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
151:
145:
144:
140:
136:
135:
132:
127:
126:
122:
118:
117:
110:
106:
105:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
42:
39:
35:
28:
23:
1830:
1822:
1814:
1806:
1799:
1798:
1790:
1782:
1774:
1766:
1758:
1750:
1742:
1734:
1717:Bibliography
1659:
1636:
1631:
1611:
1605:
1585:
1579:
1570:
1564:
1555:
1550:
1538:
1530:
1522:
1517:
1509:
1491:
1486:
1475:. Retrieved
1471:
1462:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1397:
1392:
1381:
1376:
1364:
1359:
1354:OUP: p. 231.
1351:
1346:
1336:20 September
1334:. Retrieved
1322:
1318:
1305:
1273:
1252:
1231:
1193:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1126:
1118:
1116:
1106:
1097:
1088:
1060:
1058:
1053:
1039:Karl Kautsky
1030:
1026:
1016:
1010:
993:
978:
961:
948:
939:
932:
919:
903:
894:unemployment
890:
882:
870:
861:
852:
815:
803:
786:inherent to
758:
757:
752:
751:
750:
647:Luxemburgism
582:Soviet Union
491:2nd Congress
462:
452:
442:
432:
422:
413:
412:
402:
392:
382:
325:Alexei Rykov
300:Leon Trotsky
102:
1835:(1922–1923)
1545:. pp. 10–11
1472:www.pbs.org
1325:(3): 1–22.
1236:(1913), by
1131:Maxim Gorky
1101:'s work on
1033:, 1910) by
910:imperialism
805:Das Kapital
788:imperialism
642:Libertarian
350:Ho Chi Minh
310:Lev Kamenev
272:Vanguardism
1849:Categories
1525:pp. 37–38.
1477:2023-03-03
1398:Capitalism
1297:References
1077:Bolsheviks
1021:(1902) by
981:monopolies
830:monopolist
792:capitalism
669:Proletkult
659:Mensheviks
632:Jacobinism
562:Red Terror
503:Bolsheviks
222:Dual power
179:Trotskyism
154:Bolshevism
109:Wikisource
1832:Testament
1664: by
1446:0036-8237
1277:Russian:
1256:Russian:
969:socialism
964:bourgeois
873:oligarchy
796:Karl Marx
782:from the
772:oligarchy
768:oligopoly
594:Comintern
547:Civil War
184:Workerism
169:Nkrumaism
159:Bordigism
81:Published
1454:40403507
1313:(2015).
1201:See also
1159:Editions
1091:via the
1073:hegemony
808:(1867).
552:Red Army
196:Concepts
130:Leninism
121:a series
119:Part of
59:Language
1668:at the
1140:Letopis
1000:cartels
985:cartels
935:Kautsky
923:Germany
826:capital
812:Summary
780:profits
637:Marxism
480:History
62:Russian
1827:(1920)
1819:(1918)
1811:(1917)
1803:(1916)
1795:(1914)
1787:(1913)
1779:(1913)
1771:(1909)
1763:(1905)
1755:(1904)
1747:(1902)
1739:(1899)
1619:
1593:
1490:Lenin
1452:
1444:
1123:Zürich
1085:praxis
1013:empire
468:(1925)
458:(1924)
448:(1920)
438:(1918)
428:(1917)
418:(1917)
408:(1909)
398:(1902)
388:(1899)
289:People
37:Author
1510:Lenin
1450:JSTOR
1244:Notes
1127:Parus
1121:, in
952:bribe
537:RSFSR
67:Genre
1617:ISBN
1591:ISBN
1442:ISSN
1338:2022
998:and
99:Text
84:1917
1327:doi
802:in
107:at
1851::
1501:^
1470:.
1448:.
1438:59
1436:.
1432:.
1413:.
1323:67
1321:.
1317:.
1281:,
1260:,
983:,
123:on
73:,
1698:e
1691:t
1684:v
1625:.
1599:.
1496:.
1480:.
1456:.
1417:.
1386:.
1371:.
1340:.
1329::
1147:(
1029:(
740:e
733:t
726:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
