866:
224:
36:
305:
In China, Idu Mishmi is spoken in Xiba village 西巴村, which has just over 40 residents and is located at the foot of Xikong
Mountain 习孔山. Xiba village is located 10 kilometers from the nearest administrative center, namely Migu village 米古村 (Jiang 2005:4). The Idu live in the Danba River 丹巴江 and E River
357:
Midu, Mindri and Mithu (also called
Bebejias by the indigenous Assamese ethnicities) are subclassifications within the Idu tribe based on the pitch and pronunciation of certain words. However, Idu people prefer the ethnonym "Kera-Ah" (children of
547:
72:
1278:
1269:
548:
Why would a language with 5000 speakers have seven registers? Register-flipping in the isolates of
Northeast India compromises the unitary concept of language
663:
585:
1520:
234:
615:
1829:
422:
418:
1854:
656:
592:
1513:
49:
865:
562:
Shamanic languages and their potentials for understanding language history, genealogy and contact – The case of Igu
1390:
649:
605:
329:
The Idu Mishmi people did not usually have a script of their own. When needed Idu
Mishmis tended to use the
1506:
1448:
1395:
1051:
258:
210:
1849:
1844:
1441:
1096:
1018:
734:
1839:
1834:
1537:
1341:
788:
709:
293:. There were 8569 speakers in India in 1981 and 7000 speakers in China in 1994. It is considered an
148:
1422:
1025:
838:
1416:
1202:
1086:
286:
88:
1659:
1462:
1455:
1235:
1169:
672:
254:
143:
1677:
1607:
1405:
1355:
911:
599:
1217:
1063:
1009:
626:
270:
8:
1766:
1529:
1400:
990:
817:
748:
294:
266:
92:
76:
1241:
850:
716:
610:
202:
1808:
1719:
1696:
1669:
1622:
1349:
1309:
1287:
1252:
1246:
1211:
1149:
1143:
1123:
917:
905:
888:
796:
742:
722:
630:
318:
278:
68:
1771:
1709:
1646:
1632:
1592:
1370:
1330:
1300:
1274:
1224:
1182:
1091:
1068:
961:
941:
898:
823:
686:
578:
154:
948:
523:
The loss of word-initial consonants in Kera’a: A challenge for phonological theory
521:
CULHANE, Kirsten & PECK, Naomi & BOUAZIZ, Wifek & REINÖHL, Uta. 2023.
1734:
1682:
1602:
1571:
1362:
1316:
1175:
1057:
996:
830:
777:
768:
754:
134:
445:
Idu has various registers that are used in different situations. These include:
215:
1795:
1750:
1704:
1617:
1576:
1546:
1432:
1410:
1324:
1293:
1229:
1189:
1163:
1137:
1114:
1037:
983:
955:
924:
802:
728:
330:
262:
634:
487:
307:
282:
96:
1823:
1803:
1781:
1776:
1627:
1597:
1561:
1156:
1078:
844:
809:
761:
250:
110:
45:
20:
1491:
indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.
310:, Tibet. They are officially classified by the Chinese government as ethnic
1566:
1130:
1046:
1002:
931:
311:
114:
586:
Attempts to write the Idu language and a proposal for a modern orthography
534:
333:. Currently the Idu Mishmi have developed a script known as "Idu Azobra".
186:
1476:
691:
80:
41:
641:
564:. 26th Himalayan Languages Symposium, 4-6 September 2023. Paris: INALCO.
525:. 26th Himalayan Languages Symposium, 4-6 September 2023. Paris: INALCO.
1612:
492:
1498:
1469:
1110:
875:
682:
195:
179:
35:
223:
971:
598:
Blench, Roger, Mite Linggi, Hindu Meme, and Apomo Linggi. 2016.
884:
699:
602:. Roing, Arunachal Pradesh: Idu Language Development Committee.
414:
348:
Sulikata by the indigenous
Assamese people of the Assam Plains.
231:
100:
880:
695:
410:
386:
290:
274:
84:
64:
60:
230:
Idu Mishmi is classified as
Definitely Endangered by the
593:
Hunting among the Idu, a people of
Arunachal Pradesh
581:. Roing, Arunachal Pradesh: Mishmi Publishing House.
579:
A dictionary of Idu, a language of
Arunachal Pradesh
73:
Dibang Valley district, Lower Dibang valley, Lohit
551:. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Education Foundation.
1821:
606:Preliminary notes on the phonology of Ida Mishmi
341:The Idu Mishmi language is also referred to as:
1340:
787:
1514:
657:
400:Hunli, Desali, Koronu, Abango, Bhismaknagar,
1201:
1521:
1507:
664:
650:
600:Reading and writing Idu: a book of letters
222:
34:
671:
235:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
1528:
1822:
1502:
645:
336:
620:
13:
571:
512:. Beijing: Minzu University Press.
481:
249:is a small language spoken by the
16:Language spoken in India and Tibet
14:
1866:
50:Jawaharlal Nehru Museum, Itanagar
864:
611:Discovery - Endangered Languages
1830:Definitely endangered languages
317:In India, the Idu are found in
1855:Languages of Arunachal Pradesh
554:
539:
528:
515:
502:
1:
474:
623:Xizang Chayu Yidu yu 西藏察隅义都语
449:shamanic register, known as
440:
300:
259:Lower Dibang Valley district
7:
366:
362:
10:
1871:
373:Alternative name (if any)
354:Yidu may be used in China.
18:
1794:
1759:
1743:
1727:
1718:
1695:
1668:
1645:
1585:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1486:
1431:
1383:
1268:
1109:
1077:
1035:
970:
873:
862:
680:
324:
221:
209:
193:
177:
172:
131:
127:11,000 (2001 census)
121:
106:
56:
33:
28:
1647:Digaro (Northern Mishmi)
19:Not to be confused with
498:(subscription required)
287:Tibet Autonomous Region
89:Tibet Autonomous Region
255:Dibang Valley district
1391:Central Tibeto-Burman
591:Blench, Roger. 2016.
584:Blench, Roger. 2016.
577:Blench, Roger. 2017.
545:Blench, Roger. 2022.
1572:Mising (Plains Miri)
627:The Commercial Press
621:Liu, Bin 刘宾 (2019).
560:REINÖHL, Uta. 2023.
434:Ahi valley (Anelih)
271:Upper Siang district
1530:Arunachal languages
1449:Proto-Tibeto-Burman
616:Idu Mishmi alphabet
295:endangered language
267:East Siang district
247:Idu Mishmi language
93:Nyingchi Prefecture
77:East Siang District
1850:Languages of Tibet
1845:Languages of China
1442:Proto-Sino-Tibetan
1384:Proposed groupings
461:mediation register
1817:
1816:
1790:
1789:
1691:
1690:
1641:
1640:
1623:Hill Miri (Sarak)
1496:
1495:
1379:
1378:
1264:
1263:
1105:
1104:
860:
859:
508:Jiang Huo. 2005.
496:(18th ed., 2015)
470:humorous register
467:babytalk register
464:mourning register
438:
437:
337:Alternative names
319:Arunachal Pradesh
306:额河 watersheds in
279:Arunachal Pradesh
243:
242:
69:Arunachal Pradesh
1862:
1840:Mishmi languages
1835:Digaro languages
1809:Zakhring (Meyor)
1725:
1724:
1552:
1551:
1543:
1542:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1500:
1499:
1338:
1337:
1199:
1198:
1033:
1032:
868:
785:
784:
666:
659:
652:
643:
642:
638:
565:
558:
552:
543:
537:
532:
526:
519:
513:
506:
500:
499:
485:
458:cursing register
455:hunting register
367:
237:
226:
205:
189:
182:
137:
113:(categorized as
38:
26:
25:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1786:
1755:
1739:
1714:
1687:
1664:
1660:Digaro (Taraon)
1637:
1581:
1538:Greater Siangic
1532:
1527:
1497:
1492:
1482:
1433:Proto-languages
1427:
1375:
1342:Greater Siangic
1336:
1273:
1260:
1197:
1101:
1073:
1031:
975:
966:
878:
869:
856:
789:Greater Magaric
783:
710:West Himalayish
690:
676:
670:
574:
572:Further reading
569:
568:
559:
555:
544:
540:
533:
529:
520:
516:
507:
503:
497:
486:
482:
477:
443:
365:
351:Idu in general.
339:
327:
303:
239:
238:
229:
201:
185:
178:
168:
149:Greater Siangic
138:
135:Language family
133:
124:
123:Native speakers
87:: southeastern
52:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1868:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1558:
1556:
1549:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1526:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1503:
1494:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1437:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1423:Tibeto-Kanauri
1420:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1396:Kuki-Chin–Naga
1393:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1346:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1297:
1284:
1282:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1244:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1207:
1205:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1141:
1134:
1127:
1119:
1117:
1115:Southeast Asia
1107:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1054:
1052:Angami–Pochuri
1049:
1043:
1041:
1030:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1006:
994:
987:
979:
977:
976:Burmese border
968:
967:
965:
964:
959:
952:
945:
938:
937:
936:
928:
921:
914:
909:
894:
892:
871:
870:
863:
861:
858:
857:
855:
854:
841:
836:
835:
834:
827:
815:
814:
813:
806:
793:
791:
782:
781:
774:
773:
772:
765:
758:
746:
739:
738:
737:
732:
720:
713:
705:
703:
678:
677:
669:
668:
661:
654:
646:
640:
639:
618:
613:
608:
603:
596:
589:
582:
573:
570:
567:
566:
553:
538:
527:
514:
501:
479:
478:
476:
473:
472:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
442:
439:
436:
435:
432:
430:
426:
425:
408:
406:
402:
401:
398:
395:
391:
390:
384:
382:
378:
377:
374:
371:
364:
361:
360:
359:
355:
352:
349:
346:
338:
335:
331:Tibetan script
326:
323:
302:
299:
263:Lohit district
241:
240:
228:
227:
219:
218:
213:
207:
206:
199:
191:
190:
183:
175:
174:
173:Language codes
170:
169:
167:
166:
165:
164:
163:
162:
141:
139:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
108:
104:
103:
58:
54:
53:
39:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1867:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1751:Bugun (Khowa)
1749:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1463:Proto-Karenic
1460:
1458:
1457:
1456:Proto-Loloish
1453:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1417:Tibeto-Burman
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1203:Burmo-Qiangic
1200:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1098:
1097:Jingpho–Luish
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1004:
1000:
999:
998:
995:
993:
992:
988:
986:
985:
981:
980:
978:
973:
969:
963:
960:
958:
957:
953:
951:
950:
946:
944:
943:
939:
934:
933:
929:
927:
926:
922:
920:
919:
915:
913:
910:
908:
907:
903:
902:
901:
900:
896:
895:
893:
890:
886:
882:
877:
872:
867:
853:
852:
847:
846:
842:
840:
837:
833:
832:
828:
826:
825:
821:
820:
819:
816:
812:
811:
807:
805:
804:
800:
799:
798:
795:
794:
792:
790:
786:
780:
779:
775:
771:
770:
766:
764:
763:
759:
757:
756:
752:
751:
750:
747:
745:
744:
740:
736:
735:Baram–Thangmi
733:
731:
730:
726:
725:
724:
721:
719:
718:
714:
712:
711:
707:
706:
704:
701:
697:
693:
688:
684:
679:
674:
667:
662:
660:
655:
653:
648:
647:
644:
636:
632:
628:
624:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
601:
597:
594:
590:
587:
583:
580:
576:
575:
563:
557:
550:
549:
542:
536:
531:
524:
518:
511:
510:Yiduyu Yanjiu
505:
495:
494:
489:
484:
480:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
452:
448:
447:
446:
433:
431:
428:
427:
424:
420:
416:
412:
409:
407:
404:
403:
399:
396:
393:
392:
388:
385:
383:
380:
379:
375:
372:
370:Dialect name
369:
368:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
343:
342:
334:
332:
322:
320:
315:
313:
309:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
251:Mishmi people
248:
236:
233:
225:
220:
217:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
198:
197:
192:
188:
184:
181:
176:
171:
161:
158:
157:
156:
153:
152:
150:
147:
146:
145:
140:
136:
130:
126:
120:
116:
112:
111:Mishmi people
109:
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
46:Mishmi people
43:
37:
32:
27:
22:
21:Idun language
1654:
1608:Bangni-Tagin
1488:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1415:
1361:
1354:
1329:
1315:
1308:
1299:
1292:
1251:
1236:Lolo-Burmese
1234:
1210:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1056:
1024:
1017:
1008:
1001:
989:
982:
954:
947:
940:
930:
923:
916:
904:
897:
849:
843:
829:
822:
808:
801:
776:
767:
760:
753:
741:
727:
715:
708:
673:Sino-Tibetan
622:
561:
556:
546:
541:
530:
522:
517:
509:
504:
491:
483:
450:
444:
376:Area spoken
340:
328:
316:
312:Lhoba people
304:
246:
244:
194:
159:
144:Sino-Tibetan
40:Diorama and
1567:Siang (Adi)
1477:Proto-Hakka
1406:Mahakiranti
912:East Bodish
692:Uttarakhand
625:. Beijing:
308:Zayü County
283:Zayü County
117:and Mishmi)
97:Zayü County
81:Upper Siang
42:wax figures
1824:Categories
1796:Miju–Meyor
1767:Sherdukpen
1371:Idu–Taraon
1325:Miju–Meyor
1218:Gyalrongic
1064:Tangkhulic
839:Raji–Raute
635:1153187238
493:Ethnologue
488:Idu Mishmi
475:References
216:Idu-Mishmi
160:Idu Mishmi
99:; western
29:Idu Mishmi
1470:Proto-Min
1401:Macro-Bai
1279:Arunachal
1272:(possible
1087:Boro–Garo
991:Kuki-Chin
974:and Indo-
889:Arunachal
876:Himalayas
851:Tandrange
818:Chepangic
749:Dhimalish
683:Himalayas
441:Registers
301:Locations
277:state of
196:Glottolog
180:ISO 639-3
142:Possibly
107:Ethnicity
1275:isolates
1242:Mondzish
1170:Cai–Long
918:Tshangla
874:Eastern
717:Tamangic
687:Himachal
681:Western
675:branches
397:Bebejia
363:Dialects
203:idum1241
1772:Sartang
1760:Western
1720:Kho-Bwa
1697:Hrusish
1670:Siangic
1633:Gallong
1593:Apatani
1586:Western
1555:Eastern
1489:Italics
1350:Siangic
1331:Songlin
1310:Kho-Bwa
1288:Hrusish
1270:Dubious
1253:Loloish
1247:Burmish
1212:Qiangic
1183:Longjia
1150:Karenic
1144:Nungish
1124:Sinitic
1010:Hkongso
972:Myanmar
942:Gongduk
906:Tibetic
824:Chepang
797:Magaric
743:Kiranti
723:Newaric
381:Mindri
285:of the
281:and in
273:of the
1735:Puroik
1728:Puroik
1710:Mijiic
1683:Milang
1603:Tangam
1363:Milang
1317:Puroik
1301:Mijiic
1225:Ersuic
1176:Caijia
1092:Konyak
1058:Meitei
962:Chamdo
899:Bodish
885:Bhutan
831:Bhujel
778:Lepcha
769:Lhokpu
755:Dhimal
700:Sikkim
633:
423:Injonu
419:Aohali
415:Dambuk
394:Mithu
345:Kera’a
325:Script
275:Indian
232:UNESCO
155:Digaro
101:Yunnan
57:Region
1744:Bugun
1705:Hruso
1618:Nishi
1577:Bokar
1294:Hruso
1190:Luren
1164:Kathu
1138:Tujia
1026:Taman
997:Mruic
984:Karbi
925:Basum
881:Tibet
803:Magar
729:Newar
696:Nepal
429:Mihi
411:Roing
405:Midu
389:area
387:Anini
358:Kera)
291:China
115:Lhoba
85:China
65:Assam
61:India
1804:Miju
1782:Lish
1777:Chug
1678:Koro
1628:Yano
1598:Damu
1562:Bori
1547:Tani
1411:Rung
1356:Koro
1230:Naic
1157:Gong
1113:and
1111:East
1069:Zeme
1038:Naga
956:Tani
949:ʼOle
845:Dura
810:Kham
762:Toto
631:OCLC
245:The
1655:Idu
1277:) (
1131:Bai
1079:Sal
1019:Pyu
1003:Mru
932:Nam
535:Idu
490:at
451:Igu
253:in
211:ELP
187:clk
48:in
44:of
1826::
1613:Na
1047:Ao
887:,
883:,
698:,
694:,
629:.
421:,
417:,
413:,
321:.
314:.
297:.
289:,
269:,
265:,
261:,
257:,
95::
91::
83:.
79:;
75:;
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67:;
63::
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1036:"
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891:)
879:(
848:–
702:)
689:,
685:(
665:e
658:t
651:v
637:.
595:.
588:.
151:?
23:.
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