Ida Tarbell - Knowledge

5584: 1095:

stop at nothing and would ruin the magazine. One of Rockefeller's banks did indeed threaten the magazine's financial status to which Tarbell shocked the bank executive by replying, "Of course that makes no difference to me". Tarbell developed investigative reporting techniques, delving into private archives and public documents across the country. The documentation and oral interviews she gathered proved Standard Oil had used strong-arm tactics and manipulated competitors, railroad companies and others to reach its corporate goals. Organized by Tarbell into a cogent history, they became a "damning portrayal of big business" and a personal "account of petty persecution" by Rockfeller. A subhead on the cover of Weinberg's book encapsulates it this way: "How a female investigative journalist brought down the world's greatest tycoon and broke up the Standard Oil monopoly".

1481: 653: 564:

the head of the department, R. C. McGill. McGill had put together a list of close to 2,000 women. Tarbell wrote in the article, "Three things worth knowing and believing: that women have invented a large number of useful articles; that these patents are not confined to 'clothes and kitchen' devices as the skeptical masculine mind avers; that invention is a field in which woman has large possibilities." Tarbell later followed this article up with a showcase on women in journalism in April 1887. The article contained history, journalism practices, and advice including a warning that journalism was an open field for women, and yet women should refrain from shedding tears easily and appearing weak.

377:. Accidents that occurred in Rouseville impacted Ida Tarbell deeply. Town founder and neighbor Henry Rouse was drilling for oil when a flame hit natural gas coming from a pump. Rouse survived a few hours, which gave him just enough time to write his will and leave his million-dollar estate to the other settlers to build roads. In total, 18 men were killed, and the Tarbells' mother, Esther, cared for one of the burn victims in their home. In another incident, three women died in a kitchen explosion. Tarbell was not allowed to see the bodies, but she snuck into the room where the women awaited burial. Tarbell suffered from nightmares for the rest of her life. 1718:

pictures and personal anecdotes. It was through the use of well-selected anecdotes in her biographies that Tarbell was able to breathe life into the subject and offer new perspectives. When writing a biography, Tarbell suggested that the writer should "start by wiping out of his mind all that he knows about the man, start as if you had never before heard of him. Everything then is fresh, new. Your mind, feeding on this fresh material, sees things in a new way". Tarbell's inclusion of anecdotes gave new perspectives to her subjects. Tarbell double-checked the Lincoln articles for accuracy by sending them out to those whose information she had included.

716:

was complicit in creating an atmosphere where violence led to the Terror and her own execution. She wrote of Roland, "This woman had been one of the steadiest influences to violence, willing, even eager, to use this terrible revolutionary force, so bewildering and terrifying to me, to accomplish her ends, childishly believing herself and her friends strong enough to control it when they needed it no longer. The heaviest blow to my self-confidence so far was my loss of faith in revolution as a divine weapon. Not since I discovered the world not to have been made in six days...had I been so intellectually and spiritually upset."

1266:

most potent forces of evil". Tarbell disliked the muckraker label and wrote an article, "Muckraker or Historian," in which she justified her efforts for exposing the oil trust. She referred to "this classification of muckraker, which I did not like. All the radical element, and I numbered many friends among them, were begging me to join their movements. I soon found that most of them wanted attacks. They had little interest in balanced findings. Now I was convinced that in the long run the public they were trying to stir would weary of vituperation, that if you were to secure permanent results the mind must be convinced."

508: 1500:. The Suffragettes on the committee were initially unhappy about Tarbell's appointment, but her "warmth and group spirit" won them over. The goal of the women's committee was to mobilize the war efforts of American women and the first issue addressed was a developing food crisis. The group encouraged women to plant vegetable gardens and promoted both drying and canning of foods. Other efforts included knitting, sewing, bandage making, and the opening of day-care centers to operate while women began working in factories. Tarbell often served as a go-between with the Men's Council and the Woman's Committee. 1551:. Among recommendations of Tarbell's committee were protections aimed at the health of women workers including an eight-hour day, six-day work week and no work between the hours of 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. John D. Rockefeller Jr. was also a representative at the Conference. Tarbell also participated in President Warren G. Harding's 1921 Unemployment Conference, the conference suggested by Herbert Hoover to address a recession. Among the committees Tarbell served on were Organization, Public Works, Civic Emergency Measures, Publications, and Standing Committee of the Conference. 460:

straight in the face, too proud to show any feeling, but shamed as I never had been before and never have been since." Tarbell was especially interested in the sciences, and she began comparing the landscape around her in Pennsylvania to what she was learning in school. "Here I was suddenly on a ground which meant something to me. From childhood, plants, insects, stones were what I saw when I went abroad, what I brought home to press, to put into bottles, to litter up the house... I had never realized that they were subjects for study... School suddenly became exciting."

1181: 5279: 1374: 452: 909:. At first, Tarbell was reluctant to take up work on Lincoln as she later said, "If you once get into American history, I told myself, you know well enough that will finish France." At the same time, however, Tarbell had been fascinated with Lincoln since she was a young girl. She remembered the news of his assassination and her parents' reaction to it: her father coming home from his shop, her mother burying her "face in her apron, running into her room sobbing as if her heart would break." 1325:"Things happened: the roof leaked; the grass must be cut if I was to have a comfortable sward to sit on; water in the house was imperative. And what I had not reckoned with came from all the corners of my land: incessant calls—fields calling to be rid of underbrush and weeds and turned to their proper work; a garden spot calling for a chance to show what it could do; apple trees begging to be trimmed and sprayed. I had bought an abandoned farm, and it cried loud to go about its business." 1270: 44: 1079:: in particular, Tarbell's own first-hand experience with life in the Pennsylvania oil fields and the fact that Standard Oil was a trust represented by only one person, Rockefeller, and therefore might make the story easier to follow. Tarbell traveled to Europe and met with S. S. McClure to get his buy-in for the idea. McClure had been resting from exhaustion, but Tarbell's article idea spurred him into action. They discussed the idea over many days at a 1472:

for public speaking with Frank Sargent of the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. The tour schedule was brutal. Tarbell said, "...I signed up for a seven weeks' circuit, forty-nine days in forty-nine different places". Tarbell was exhausted at the end but went on to sign up for more over the next few years. Tarbell lectured throughout the United States on subjects from the evils of war, peace, politics, trusts, tariffs, labor and labors of women.

5693: 5676: 5553: 5710: 1584:, remarked after meeting up with Tarbell in Italy, "I heard her let go about that dimple several times. All those things that are at such a variance with the old work horse she calls herself and to the serious worker she is and is known for pleases me a lot". It was speculated that in Tarbell's eyes she may have imagined Mussolini as "finishing the work of the Progressive Era at the small price of a few civil liberties". 1228: 5603: 346: 5659: 5565: 1573:. She was not initially interested in the biography, but Gary convinced her that if she uncovered any wrongdoings committed by his company, he meant to correct them. She earned $ 10,000 for the book, and although she thought her work was courageous, critics described her work as cowardly. One review was titled, "The Taming of Ida Tarbell," and accused her of falling in with her sworn enemy, big business. 1111:

advance information about refiner's shipments. This allowed them to undercut the refiners. The young man happened to notice his Sunday school teacher's name on several documents. The teacher was a refiner, and the young man took the papers to his teacher who passed them along to Tarbell in 1904. The series and book on Standard Oil brought Tarbell fame. The book was adapted into a play in 1905 called

850:, while working on the series. Tarbell made use of Hubbard's extensive collection of Napoleon material and memorabilia as well as resources at the Library of Congress and the U.S. State Department. Tarbell's schedule for the book was tight—the first installment came out only six weeks after she initially started her work. Tarbell called this "biography on a gallop." 1415:. Tarbell said of the book: "That title was like a red rag to many of my militant friends. The idea that woman had a business assigned by nature and society which was of more importance than public life disturbed them; even if it was so, they did not want it emphasized". Even Tarbell's own mother, Esther, who was a lifelong suffragette, criticized Ida's position. 1161:

scattered throughout the nation—and then amplified her findings through interviews with the corporation's executives and competitors, government regulators, and academic experts past and present. In other words, she proposed to practice what today is considered investigative reporting, which did not exist in 1900. Indeed, she invented a new form of journalism.

1395:

biographer, Emily Arnold McCully, believed that her stance on women's issues may have tarnished her long-term legacy. Tarbell felt that "the drive for suffrage" was "a misguided war on men". Former allies among suffragists were dismayed at her change and her speaking to anti-suffragist organizations. Tarbell published the article "Making a Man of Herself" in

1307:. Phillips became president. Tarbell became its associate editor and remained there until 1915. Instead of focusing on muckraking journalism, the magazine steered away from reporting what was "wrong" in society and focused on what was "right." As well as the establishing the new magazine in 1906 Tarbell moved to Connecticut and purchased a 40-acre farm in 555:, this was when Tarbell established a style that would carry throughout her career: "Tarbell would imbue her articles, essays, and books with moral content, grounded in her unwavering rectitude. That rectitude, while sometimes suggesting inflexibility, drove her instincts for reform, a vital element in her future confrontation with Rockefeller." 724: 759:, a new venture that he and Philips were intending to launch to appeal to the average middle-class reader. Convinced that Tarbell was just the kind of writer that he wanted to work for him, he showed up at Tarbell's door in Paris while on a scheduled visit to France in 1892 to offer her the editor position at the new magazine. 912:

When Tarbell first approached John Nicolay, he told her that he and Hay had written "all that was worth telling of Lincoln". Tarbell decided to begin with Lincoln's origins and his humble beginnings. Tarbell traveled the country meeting with and interviewing people who had known Lincoln—including his

876:

s magazine—quadrupling the readership by the final seventh Napoleon installment. It included illustrations from the Gardiner Green Hubbard collection. The articles were folded into a book that would be a best seller and earn Tarbell royalties for the rest of her life—over 70,000 copies were made

357:

hit the Tarbell family hard as banks collapsed and the Tarbells lost their savings. Franklin Tarbell was away in Iowa building a family homestead when Ida was born. Franklin had to abandon the Iowan house and return to Pennsylvania. With no money, he walked across the states of Illinois, Indiana, and

1745:

with messy heaps of paper. Tarbell would gather the books, transcripts, and clippings she needed, put them in order and write. When a chapter was finished and handed in, she reviewed the material again and rearranged its order for her next installment. On her Connecticut farm, Tarbell worked from a

1713:

Tarbell was known for her strong work ethic in writing. Tarbell's early background in the sciences brought a touch of scientific inquiry to her investigations. Each statement she made was supported by facts so much so that her early works have been described as drowning in facts. Her method was also

1542:

Tarbell's later career included writing, lecturing, and social work. Tarbell continued working as a freelancing journalist and traveling the lecture circuit. She served on two Presidential Conferences. Tarbell was a member of President Wilson's Industrial Conference in 1919, representing the Pen and

1265:

describing a Man with a Muckrake forever clearing muck from the floor. Roosevelt said of the muckrakers, "The man who never does anything else, who never thinks or speaks or writes save of his feats with the muckrake, speedily becomes, not a help to society, not an incitement to good, but one of the

563:

When an article written by Mary Lowe Dickinson claimed the number of women patent owners to be about 300—and that women would never become successful inventors—Tarbell's curiosity was sparked and she began her own investigation. Tarbell traveled to the Patent Office in Washington, D.C., and met with

399:

scheme (circa 1872) between the railroads and more substantial oil interests where in less than four months during what was later known as "The Cleveland Conquest" or "The Cleveland Massacre," Standard Oil absorbed 22 of its 26 Cleveland competitors. Later, Tarbell would vividly recall this event in

369:

were being developed, utterly changing the regional economy. Oil, she would write in her autobiography, opened “a rich field for tricksters, swindlers, exploiters of vice in every known form.” Tarbell's father first used his trade to build wooden oil storage tanks. The family lived in a shack with a

1394:

Starting in 1909, Tarbell wrote more about women and traditional roles. Tarbell was alienated by the more militant aspects of the movement and described it as anti-male. She recommended that women embrace home life and the family, saying they had a "true role as wives, mothers, and homemakers". One

1288:

from 1894 until 1906. By then, S. S. McClure had become an increasingly absentee publisher, occasionally dropping in to override ideas and Tarbell's orders. She had lost her father the previous year to gastric cancer and S. S. McClure's erratic behavior at the magazine contributed to her stress, as

928:

Tarbell's research in the backwoods of Kentucky and Illinois uncovered the true story of Lincoln's childhood and youth. She wrote to and interviewed hundreds of people who knew or had contact with Lincoln. She tracked down leads and then confirmed their sources. She sent hundreds of letters looking

719:

It was during this time that Tarbell received bad news and then a shock. Franklin Tarbell's business partner had committed suicide, leaving Franklin in debt. Subsequently, a July 1892 newspaper announced that Tarbell's hometown of Titusville had been completely destroyed by flood and fire. Over 150

1660:

Long past Tarbell's life, she has received praise and accolades for her contribution to journalism and American history. Everett E. Dennis, Executive Director of the Freedom Forum Media Studies Center at Columbia University stated in 1993 that Tarbell helped invent modern journalism. Historian and

1471:

Tarbell's career shifted in 1915 when American Magazine named John Siddall as editor. Tarbell joined the Chautauqua Science and Literary Circuit, a lecture and entertainment tour filled with public speakers, singers and other acts such as trained dogs and yodelers. Before the tour, Tarbell trained

1424:

in 1924 to dispel the myth that suffrage had failed. She wrote: "twenty million women did vote and should vote." When asked if she believed that a woman would one day be President of the United States, Tarbell pointed out that women had ruled nations in some cases better than kings and pointed to

1315:, at Rock House and Valley Roads. Over the years, several other family members also lived on the property, including her niece and nephew, Clara and Tristram Tripper, who lived in a cottage. Tarbell's brother Walter and his wife also came to live there after Walter suffered an emotional breakdown. 1094:

in 1901, and began a meticulous investigation with the help of an assistant (John Siddall) into how the industry began, Rockefeller's early interest in oil, and the Standard Oil trust. Tarbell's father expressed concern to her about writing about Standard Oil, warning her that Rockefeller would

961:

It was at this time that Tarbell decided to be a writer and not an editor. The articles were collected in a book, giving Tarbell a national reputation as a major writer and the leading authority on the slain president. Tarbell published five books about Lincoln and traveled on the lecture circuit,

715:

What Tarbell discovered about Madame Roland changed her own worldview. She began the biography with admiration for Roland but grew disillusioned as she researched and learned more. Tarbell determined that Roland, who followed her husband's lead, was not the independent thinker she had imagined and

523:

in August 1880. The school was both a high school and provided continuing education courses for local teachers. Tarbell taught classes in geology, botany, geometry, and trigonometry as well as languages: Greek, Latin, French, and German. After two years, she realized teaching was too much for her,

404:

of using unfair tactics to put her father and many small oil companies out of business. The South Improvement Company secretly worked with the railroads to raise the rates on oil shipment for independent oil men. The members of South Improvement Company received discounts and rebates to offset the

1725:

data to support her conclusions) and her methods have been used widely to train other investigative journalists. When conducting and presenting the details about Standard Oil's business practices she wanted to present her materials as historical documentation and narrative. Tarbell's technique in

1717:

Tarbell was extremely thorough when conducting research. At the time she began Lincoln's biography, he had been dead for only 30 years, and Tarbell traveled far and wide interviewing Lincoln's contemporaries. Her research uncovered more than 300 documents including unpublished speeches, letters,

1533:

Tarbell wrote for the Red Cross magazine and interviewed Parisians about how the war had affected them. She also traveled to the countryside to interview farmers living in the wreckage of their former homes. Tarbell focused on the experience of the average Frenchwoman with such articles as "The

1038:

Her position as editor was to fill in for Samuel McClure, as he was planning to be away from the office for several months. Tarbell was to become known as an anchor in the office while the magazine built out its roster of investigative editors and authors. She and Phillips were described as the

648:

Tarbell had an active social life in Paris. She and her flatmates hosted a language salon where both English and French speakers could come together and practice their non-native language skills. Her landlady, Madame Bonnet, held weekly dinners for the women and her other tenants. These tenants

467:

in 1876, where she was the only woman in her class of 41. Tarbell had an interest in evolutionary biology—at her childhood home she spent many hours with a microscope—and said of her interest in science, "The quest for the truth had been born in me... the most essential of man's quests." One of

1381:

Steve Weinberg wrote that Ida Tarbell was "a feminist by example, but not by ideology". Feminist scholars viewed Tarbell as an enigma as she seemed to both embrace the movement and act as a critic. While her accomplishments were many, Tarbell also challenged and questioned the logic of women's

1357:

muckrakers to rake up the good earth as well as the noxious?" She was fascinated by Thomas Lynch of the Frick Coke Company, who was committed to providing decent living conditions for his workers and believed that "Safety First" was preferable to accidents. Tarbell also admired and wrote about

1160:

Tarbell's biggest obstacle, however, was neither her gender nor Rockefeller's opposition. Rather, her biggest obstacle was the craft of journalism as practiced at the turn of the twentieth century. She investigated Standard Oil and Rockefeller by using documents— hundreds of thousands of pages

1131:

in western Pennsylvania oil regions where Tarbell had grown up. Rockefeller had bought out Rogers and his partner, but then Rogers joined the trust. In early 1902 she conducted numerous detailed interviews with Rogers at Standard Oil's headquarters. Rogers, wily and normally guarded in matters

1110:

Another break in the story came from within Standard Oil itself and proved that the company was still using illegal and shady practices. An office boy working at the Standard Oil headquarters was given the job of destroying records which included evidence that railroads were giving the company

543:

headquarters and worked two weeks at home. This allowed her to continue her own study at home in biology using microscopes. She became managing editor in 1886, and her duties included proofreading, answering reader questions, providing proper pronunciation of certain words, translating foreign

459:

Ida Tarbell was intelligent—but also undisciplined in the classroom. According to reports by Tarbell herself, she paid little attention in class and was often truant until one teacher set her straight: "She told me the plain and ugly truth about myself that day, and as I sat there, looking her

329:

and later an oilman. She was born in the log cabin home of her maternal grandfather, Walter Raleigh McCullough, a Scots-Irish pioneer, and his wife. Her father's distant immigrant ancestors had settled in New England in the 17th century. Tarbell was told by her grandmother that they were

1399:

in 1912, which infuriated her readers and activists. Historian Robert Stinson believed that she was making new public statements about the ambiguity she had lived in her own life, which defined women's roles based upon their nature and saw attempts to push the boundaries into men's realms as

1356:

Tarbell examined the positive side of American business in a series of articles written between 1912 and 1916. She toured the United States and met with factory owners and workers and their families. Tarbell said of her own muckraking reputation, "Was it not the duty of those who were called

1016:, and Tarbell said that he kept bursting into the Army office, "like a boy on roller skates." Tarbell longed for her old life in Paris, but realized she was needed in America: "Between Lincoln and the Spanish–American War I realized I was taking on a citizenship I had practically resigned". 705:. Tarbell already wanted to rescue women from the obscurity of history. Her research led her to an introduction to Leon Marillier, a descendant of Roland who provided access to Roland's letters and family papers. Marillier invited Tarbell to visit the Roland Country estate, Le Clos. 498:

Tarbell graduated in 1880 with an A.B. degree and an M.A. degree in 1883. Tarbell later supported the university by serving on the board of trustees, to which she was first elected in 1912. She was the second woman to serve as a trustee and held the post for more than three decades.

576:

for inspiration and as subject matter for her writing. The real reason for the fall-out with Flood remains a mystery, but one reason may have been the placement of his son's name on the Masthead above Tarbell's own. Another hinted that her family had reason to seek revenge on him.

791:

for an 1893 article, visiting with Pasteur and going through his family photographs for the magazine. She returned to Pasteur again to find out his views on the future. This piece turned into a regular report on "The Edge of the Future." Others interviewed for the report included

567:

Tarbell balked at being a "hired gal" and decided to strike out on her own after a falling out with Theodore Flood. Tarbell decided to follow her father's philosophy that it was better to work for oneself than to be a hired hand. She began researching women from history including

370:

workshop for Franklin in an oil field with twenty-five oil wells. Oil was everywhere in the sand, pits, and puddles. Tarbell wrote of the experience, "No industry of man in its early days has ever been more destructive of beauty, order, decency, than the production of petroleum."

1587:

Tarbell's final business biography was a profile of Owen D. Young, the president of General Electric and founder of Radio Corporation of America and then NBC. Amidst speculation that Young was gearing up for a Presidential run, the biography was reviewed as a campaign biography.

770:. Tarbell assumed she would never see the money, which was for her vacation, again but his offices wired over the money the next day. Tarbell initially turned him down so she could continue working on the Roland biography but McClure was determined. Next, the art director for 405:

rates and put the independents out of business. Franklin Tarbell participated against the South Improvement Company through marches and tipping over Standard Oil railroad tankers. The government of Pennsylvania eventually moved to disband the South Improvement Company.

720:

people died, and she feared her family was among them. Oil Creek had flooded and inflammable material on the water had ignited and exploded. Tarbell was relieved when she received a one-word cablegram that read: "Safe!" Her family and their home had been spared.

1461:. She visited more than fifty-five businesses for the article, "The Golden Rule of Business," to see how "scientific management and Christian values" worked together. She decided it was the best way to protect workers and at the same time maximize profits. 1102:

which had been published in 1873. Standard Oil and Rockefeller had its roots in the South Improvement Company's illegal schemes. Standard Oil had attempted to destroy all available copies of the book, but Tarbell was finally able to locate one copy in

206:. Tarbell believed that "the Truth and motivations of powerful human beings could be discovered." That Truth, she became convinced, could be conveyed in such a way as "to precipitate meaningful social change." She wrote numerous books and works on 1702:, on the other hand, wrote detailed, thoroughly verified, and accurate descriptions of the social issues of their day, laying the groundwork for legal changes, ethical standards in journalism, and what is now known as investigative journalism. 712:. Tarbell attended lectures at the Sorbonne—including those on the history of the French Revolution, 18th-century literature, and period painting. She learned from French historians how to present evidence in a clear, compelling style. 823:

Tarbell returned from Paris in the summer of 1894, and, after a visit with family in Titusville, moved to New York City. In June of that year, Samuel McClure contacted her in order to commission a biographical series on French leader

752:, which described how the French carried out large public works. Impressed, McClure told his partner John S. Philips, "This girl can write. We need to get her to do some work for our magazine". The magazine he was referring to was 649:

included young men from Egypt, and among them was Prince Said Toussoum, a cousin of the Egyptian ruler. Tarbell met and had a possible romance with Charles Downer Hazen, a future French historian and professor at Smith College.

1390:

who she said never paid attention to her. By contrast, Tarbell noted, the men her father hosted showed interest in her. Tarbell did say that the movement sparked in her a desire to attend college and receive an education.

170:

from 1902 to 1904. It has been called a "masterpiece of investigative journalism", by historian J. North Conway, as well as "the single most influential book on business ever published in the United States" by historian

1444:

Tarbell worked to help women who had "no choice but to work, often under horrifying conditions." She wrote about workplace safety and covered the realities of factories where women worked. She became an advocate for

877:

of the first edition. Tarbell said that her sketch of Napoleon turned her plans "topsy-turvy." Because of its popularity, Tarbell was also finally able to find a publisher—Scribner's—for her Madame Roland book.

1400:

unnatural. McCully supposed "that suffrage was a human's rights issue seemed not to occur to her, perhaps because, as a historian, she was much better looking backward than she was at anticipating the future."

1352:

in 1911. John Phillips sold his remaining interests to Crowell Publishing Company in 1915. Phillips became a consultant to the magazine, John Siddell became the editor, and Tarbell turned to freelance writing.

539:. Tarbell's family was familiar with the movement which encouraged adult education and self-study. She was quick to accept Flood's offer to write for the publication. Initially, Tarbell worked two weeks at the 1698:" and muckrakers both rejected the notion of neutrality, "yellow journalists" focused on sensationalism and were not overly concerned with verifying the veracity of their stories. Muckrakers like Tarbell and 781:, Tarbell began writing freelance articles for the magazine. She wrote articles about women intellectuals and writers in Paris as well as scientists. She hoped articles such as "A Paris Press Woman" for the 558:

Tarbell wrote two articles that showcased her conflicting views on the roles of women that would follow her through her life. Tarbell's article, "Women as Inventors," was published in the March 1887 issue of

1177:. Tarbell concluded the series with a two-part character study of Rockefeller, perhaps the first CEO profile ever, though she never met or even talked to him. Rockefeller called Tarbell, "Miss Tarbarrel". 358:

Ohio to return, and supported himself along the way by teaching in rural schools. When he returned, ragged from his 18-month journey, young Ida Tarbell was said to have told him, "Go away, bad man!"

857:

of biography and that extraordinary individuals could shape their society at least as much as society shaped them. While working on the series, Tarbell was introduced to historian and educator

1132:

related to business and finance, may have been under the impression her work was to be complimentary and was apparently unusually forthcoming. Even after the first articles began to appear in

4624: 1071:

began an effort to "expose the ills of American society." Having recently published a series on crime in America and looking for another big topic to cover, Tarbell and the other editors at

1208:(1904). became a bestseller, which was called a "masterpiece of investigative journalism" by author and historian J. North Conway. Her articles and the book would lead to the passage of the 1075:

decided to look into the growth of trusts: steel and sugar were both considered before they settled on oil. There were a number of reasons why the magazine decided to publish a story on

872:

This series of articles would solidify Tarbell's reputation as a writer, opening up new avenues for her. The Napoleon series proved popular and doubled circulation up to over 100,000 on

547:

Tarbell began writing brief items for the magazine before working up to longer features as she established her writing style and voice. Her first article was 'The Arts and Industries of

1043:

sent Stephen Crane to cover Cuba during the War. Ray Stannard Baker was hired by the magazine to report on the Pullman Strike. Fiction editor Violo Roseboro discovered writers such as

917:. Robert Lincoln shared with Tarbell an early and previously unpublished daguerreotype of Lincoln as a younger man. She followed up on a lost 1856 speech by Lincoln by tracking down 4722: 1515:. Her doctor did not share his diagnosis with her. It was not until years later, as her tremors worsened and affected her handwriting, that she finally learned of the diagnosis. 7875: 1333:, in which she investigated tariffs and their impact on American businesses and consumers. Tarbell also traveled to Chicago to investigate their public transportation. She met 1677:, would call Tarbell's series on Standard Oil, "a landmark series that would affirm her reputation as the leading investigative journalist of her day". Economic historian 1311:

which she named Twin Oaks. After Tarbell bought her farm in 1906, her household expanded to include a number of family members. Tarbell resided with her sister Sarah in

5747: 1657:. On September 14, 2002, the United States Postal Service issued a commemorative stamp honoring Tarbell as part of a series of four stamps honoring women journalists. 958:

sneered, "They got a girl to write the Life of Lincoln." McClure would go on to use the money generated by Tarbell's articles to buy a printing plant and a bindery.

1522:

colleagues were also there for the Paris Peace Conference: John S. Phillips as editor of the Red Cross Magazine and Ray Stannard Baker as an assistant to President

865:. Adams believed in the "objective interpretation of primary sources" which would also become Tarbell's method for writing about her subjects. Adams also taught at 342:

at a young age and Sarah, also afflicted, would remain physically weakened throughout her life. Walter became an oilman like his father, while Sarah was an artist.

4828:

Your Past and the Press!: Controversial Presidential Appointments: A Study Focusing on the Impact of Interest Groups and Media Activity on the Appointment Process

947:. Tarbell traveled abroad to Europe, discovering that a rumor that Lincoln had appealed to Queen Victoria to not recognize the Confederacy was, in fact, false. 1115:. The play was a hit even though Ida had turned down the lead role and an offer of $ 2,500 in salary per week for the twenty-week run. Samuel Clemens (author 1382:

suffrage. Early in life, Tarbell was exposed to the suffragette movement when her mother hosted meetings in their home. Tarbell was put off by women such as

353:

Ida Tarbell's early life in the oil fields of Pennsylvania would have an impact when she later wrote on the Standard Oil Company and on labor practices. The

1683: 1661:

Professor of History at the University of New Hampshire, Ellen F. FitzPatrick, called Tarbell one of the great American journalists of the 20th century.

1202:, contained factual errors and appeared to be too accusatory in nature to garner popular acclaim. However Tarbell's articles when collected in the book, 1714:

scholarly and driven by the demands of magazine deadlines. She could dictate as many as twenty letters a day from a "To Be Answered" pile on her desk.

338:'s staff, and also the first American Episcopalian bishop. Tarbell had three younger siblings: Walter, Franklin, Jr., and Sarah. Franklin, Jr. died of 5345: 487:, which translates to "Everyone is his/her own hope". She was a member of the campus women's literary society, the Ossoli Society, named after writer 440:—a gruesome tabloid. Her family was Methodist and attended church twice a week. Esther Tarbell supported women's rights and entertained women such as 7895: 1255:

along with Steffens' investigation of political corruption in Minneapolis and Baker's exposé on labor union practices. The term muckraker came from

7835: 7825: 1511:, where she was diagnosed with tuberculosis, and she spent three months in the hospital recovering. Tarbell also began showing beginning signs of 515:

Tarbell left school seeking to contribute to society but unsure of how to do so, she became a teacher. Tarbell began her career as headmistress at

1726:

researching corporations through government documents, lawsuits, and interviews managed to break through a secretive corporation and evasive CEO.

1690:

The investigative techniques she developed while researching this volume influenced Steve Weinberg, one-time executive director of the non-profit

1321:

and other New York publishing people lived nearby and Tarbell frequently entertained friends there. Tarbell wrote of the work required on a farm:

1721:

Tarbell's writing has been described by a biographer as fair and professional, (though some later observers have been less kind, accusing her of

1293:

in June 1906, followed by Baker, Steffens, and Siddall. Tarbell and Philips raised money to form the Phillips Publishing Company and to purchase

1580:

for McCall's magazine in the 1920s. The portrait Tarbell painted of Mussolini, comparing him to Napoleon, was flattering. Her former colleague,

524:

and she returned home. She was exhausted by the workload and exasperated by the low wages which meant she had to borrow money from her parents.

7885: 5740: 965:

The tight writing schedules and frequent travel eventually impacted Tarbell's health. On the verge of physical collapse, she checked into the

7900: 7890: 1687:, described Tarbell's book on Standard Oil as arguably, "the single most influential book on business ever published in the United States". 921:—who claimed to have written down notes—and then confirming his notes via other witnesses. Whitney's version of the speech was published in 954:

circulation to over 250,000 which climbed to over 300,000, by 1900, making it higher than its rivals. This occurred even as the editors at

589:, Tarbell moved to Paris in 1891 at age 34 to live and work. She shared an apartment on the Rue du Sommerard with three women friends from 1518:

The Women's Committee was disbanded with the end of the war in 1918, and Tarbell traveled once again to Paris, France. Some of her former

929:

for images of Lincoln and found evidence of more than three hundred previously unpublished Lincoln letters and speeches. Tarbell met with

7855: 660:

Tarbell set about making her career as a writer in Paris. She supported herself by writing for several American newspapers including the

4732: 7840: 7830: 1766:.) Its 686 continuous performances set a record for any American play in New York, and four road companies took the play on the road. 5733: 4615: 1341:

in 1908. There, she participated in the group's programs which included teaching immigrant women English, job and homemaking skills.

69: 807:. Tarbell took on the role of the magazine's Paris representative. Tarbell was then offered the position of youth editor to replace 629:. Tarbell described the color of the art as "the blues and greens fairly howl they are so bright and intense." Tarbell attended the 5286: 1606:

In addition to serving as the President of the Pen and Brush Club for 30 years beginning in 1913, Tarbell was also a member of the

310: 7870: 1204: 159: 118: 7880: 5416: 468:

Tarbell's professors, Jeremiah Tingley, allowed her to use the college's microscope for study and Tarbell used it to study the

1023:

in 1899. She was paid $ 5,000 a year and given shares in the company, which made her a part-owner. She rented an apartment in

259:. Tarbell also traveled to all of the then 48 states on the lecture circuit and spoke on subjects including the evils of war, 5206: 5183: 5150: 5087: 5060: 5037: 4995: 4976: 4951: 4918: 4886: 4840: 4763: 4684: 4655: 3180: 1464:

Tarbell was a founding member of the Authors' League in 1914: a collective to support working writers which later became the

475:

Tarbell displayed leadership at Allegheny. She was a founding member of the local sorority that became the Mu chapter of the

251:

and many of her books were popular with the general American public. After a successful career as both writer and editor for

2629: 1558:

in 1919. She wrote articles about the disarmament conference for McClure's syndicate and published them later in the book,

1418:

Tarbell switched course and embraced suffrage after American women won the right to vote in 1920. She wrote an article for

1289:

it threatened the stability of the magazine and Tarbell's holdings. This led Tarbell and John Phillips to both resign from

1169:

called it, "one of the greatest serials ever to appear in an American magazine." It would contribute to the dissolution of

2541: 7920: 7865: 5647: 1691: 1480: 4897: 7915: 7910: 4861: 1349: 1004:

was blown up in Havana Harbor. Tarbell was allowed to keep her appointment nonetheless and observe the response at the

981:

Tarbell continued to write profiles for McClure in the late 1890s. While there, she had the opportunity to observe the

853:

The series proved to be a training ground for Tarbell's style and methodology for biographies. Tarbell believed in the

7845: 5479: 5237: 4815: 4782: 2060: 1611: 1526:. President Wilson had wanted Tarbell in the official U.S. legation, but, unbeknownst to Tarbell, Secretary of State 384:. Tarbell's father built a family house at 324 Main Street using lumber and fixtures from the defunct Bonta Hotel in 5557: 4161: 210:, including ones that focused on his early life and career. After her exposé on Standard Oil and character study of 5757: 1654: 1650: 4173: 4149: 7860: 7514: 6977: 1365:

and his belief that offering high pay would create excellent work, as well as his ideas around mass production.

5527: 5452: 5255: 1770: 1430: 1217: 325:, on November 5, 1857, to Esther Ann (née McCullough), a teacher, and Franklin Summer Tarbell, a teacher and a 278:

Tarbell took part in professional organizations and served on two Presidential committees. She helped form the

17: 1123:, vice-president at Standard Oil and considered to be the third man after John D. Rockefeller and his brother 7850: 5699: 1174: 652: 264: 192: 5329: 241:— and breaking them down into informative and easily understood articles. Her articles drove circulation at 7649: 7003: 6881: 5569: 5175: 2021:

Peacemakers—Blessed and Otherwise: Observations, Reflections and Irritations at an International Conference

839: 691:. All of this work, along with a tutorship, helped Tarbell as she worked on her first biography, a book on 392: 5725: 233:

A prolific writer and lecturer, Tarbell was known for taking complex subjects — such as the oil industry,

6590: 4968: 4832: 1497: 1198: 295: 708:

Tarbell continued her education in Paris and also learned investigative and research techniques used by

6198: 1826: 1646: 966: 937:

in 1858. Finley was the young college President, and he would go on to contribute to Tarbell's work on

395:. Franklin's business, along with those of many other small businessmen, was adversely affected by the 198:

Tarbell also wrote several biographies over the course of her 64-year career. She wrote biographies on

5665: 1820: 1592: 1503:

Tarbell had a number of setbacks in 1917. Her mother died in September, and upon Tarbell's return to

1261: 782: 668: 463:

Tarbell graduated at the head of her high school class in Titusville and went on to study biology at

396: 322: 5383: 5278: 4179: 4167: 4155: 6927: 6831: 6530: 6414: 4529: 4197: 4185: 1842: 1221: 1137: 990: 862: 381: 374: 188: 147: 131: 7201: 1087:. McClure felt that Tarbell should use the same biographical sketch format she used for Napoleon. 811:. When her biography of Madame Roland was finished, Tarbell returned home and joined the staff of 766:". He overstayed his visit, missed his train, and had to borrow $ 40 from Tarbell to travel on to 7321: 7211: 7064: 6570: 6439: 5907: 5626: 1705:"Tarbell", the non-partisan news publication of the non-profit "To Be Fair", is named after her. 1635: 1438: 1407:. The book, which was poorly received, contained tributes to early supporters of women including 1104: 969:

near Rochester, New York in 1896. Besides rest and relaxation, her treatment included taking the

847: 808: 540: 435: 86: 1907: 507: 7267: 6762: 6626: 6585: 6318: 6288: 5871: 4878: 1864: 1810: 1763: 1512: 1508: 1434: 1412: 1098:

Tarbell was able to find one critical piece of information that had gone missing—a book called

683: 43: 4962: 4937: 4749: 4674: 7905: 7781: 7468: 7059: 7023: 6861: 6646: 6399: 6358: 6328: 6228: 6223: 6146: 6071: 5622: 5169: 5027: 4872: 4826: 4703: 2239: 1848: 1834: 1626:, in 1939 when she was 82. Reviews were mixed for the book. She was working on another book, 1534:

French Woman and Her New World," "The Homing Instinct of Woman," and "That Brave Northwest."

1450: 1446: 1303: 385: 362: 247: 238: 6722: 5293:. Meadville, Pennsylvania: Allegheny College Bulletin. April 1944. p. 4. Archived from 5014: 4751:

Breaking Rockefeller: The Incredible Story of the Ambitious Rivals Who Toppled an Oil Empire

1140:

on Standard Oil was serialized in nineteen articles that ran from November 1902 to 1904 in

609:

had been finished recently in 1889, and Tarbell and her friends enjoyed the art produced by

7820: 7815: 7776: 7478: 7186: 7160: 7079: 6651: 6404: 5866: 5497: 2836: 1966:

New Ideals in Business, An Account of Their Practice and Their Effects upon Men and Profits

1933: 1879: 1851:, was actually written by Ida Tarbell; it was "a biographical essay disguised as a memoir." 1670: 1308: 1193: 858: 830: 801: 536: 419: 401: 7756: 1180: 569: 472:, a foot-long amphibian that used both gills and a lung and thought to be a missing link. 8: 7695: 7669: 7008: 6982: 6901: 6896: 6821: 6752: 6742: 6732: 6641: 6565: 6293: 6218: 6161: 5998: 5938: 5928: 5811: 5806: 5229: 4964:

American Little Magazines of the Fin de Siecle: Art, Protest, and Cultural Transformation

4943: 4807: 2019: 1942: 1888: 1666: 1548: 1426: 1312: 1213: 1192:

The first book-length investigation of Standard Oil had appeared in 1894 by newspaperman

1124: 914: 902: 763: 662: 602: 598: 211: 184: 135: 5294: 5140: 1964: 1873: 1055:. John Huston Finley quit his job as president of Knox College and became an editor for 774:, August Jaccaci, made a visit to Tarbell to show her the maiden issue of the magazine. 7654: 7605: 7580: 7509: 7453: 7407: 7346: 7331: 7247: 6747: 6697: 6682: 6575: 6545: 6474: 6444: 6429: 6424: 6348: 6278: 6263: 6213: 6193: 6061: 6019: 5384: 5195: 5127: 5049: 4629: 2821: 1358: 1244: 1236: 1149: 1128: 1009: 1005: 943: 934: 930: 918: 431: 414: 366: 283: 6777: 7751: 7715: 7685: 7524: 7336: 7115: 7044: 7028: 6987: 6972: 6942: 6856: 6616: 6600: 6409: 6394: 6177: 5861: 5856: 5579: 5533: 5523: 5505: 5485: 5475: 5458: 5448: 5243: 5233: 5212: 5202: 5179: 5156: 5146: 5093: 5083: 5066: 5056: 5033: 5001: 4991: 4972: 4947: 4924: 4914: 4882: 4857: 4836: 4811: 4788: 4778: 4759: 4709: 4690: 4680: 4661: 4651: 3176: 2625: 2341: 2056: 2041: 2008: 1997: 1695: 1694:, to base training programs for the NGO and classrooms using her methodology. While " 1642: 1566: 1420: 1166: 1024: 998: 993:. She was writing a series on military affairs, and in 1898 she was set to interview 787:

in 1893 would provide a blueprint for women journalists and writers. She interviewed

709: 702: 697: 532: 476: 464: 335: 299: 215: 5399: 5106: 4851: 4203: 4191: 1986: 7590: 7473: 7458: 7366: 7356: 7316: 7252: 7232: 7069: 7013: 6957: 6876: 6826: 6712: 6636: 6494: 6363: 6313: 6248: 6243: 6208: 6156: 6087: 5876: 5796: 5588: 5472:

Citizen Reporters: S.S. McClure, Ida Tarbell, and the Magazine that Rewrote America

1903: 1860: 1805: 1775: 1577: 1504: 1408: 1240: 1145: 1091: 854: 843: 723: 626: 425: 268: 227: 1953: 1916: 1729:

Tarbell liked to work from a desk covered in research materials. While working on

1638:

on January 6, 1944. She had been in the hospital since December 1943. She was 86.

1547:, New York City, and served on a committee looking into hours of labor along with 622: 7786: 7659: 7644: 7595: 7585: 7438: 7412: 7351: 7216: 7176: 7135: 7130: 7054: 7049: 6937: 6911: 6846: 6782: 6757: 6727: 6661: 6621: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6459: 6434: 6308: 6283: 6203: 6003: 5982: 5977: 5831: 5791: 4801: 4727: 2619: 2030: 1758:(1905), opened soon after Tarbell's series on Standard Oil had been published in 1387: 1373: 1120: 994: 894: 797: 674: 516: 488: 469: 445: 409: 207: 143: 5118:

Stinson, Robert (April 1979). "Ida M. Tarbell and the Ambiguities of Feminism".

1251:." Tarbell's exposé of Standard Oil first appeared in the January 1903 issue of 451: 434:. Tarbell would also sneak into the family worker's bunkhouse to read copies of 7766: 7761: 7725: 7600: 7519: 7504: 7463: 7387: 7341: 7150: 7099: 7074: 6967: 6947: 6851: 6707: 6702: 6656: 6540: 6535: 6525: 6515: 6499: 6484: 6479: 6464: 6454: 6449: 6353: 6338: 6333: 6258: 6253: 6151: 5881: 5841: 5836: 5575: 5400: 5271: 1975: 1927: 1875:

A Life of Napoleon Bonaparte: with a sketch of Josephine, Empress of the French

1722: 1699: 1581: 1527: 1523: 1493: 1458: 1454: 1383: 441: 331: 291: 5682: 1496:

invited Tarbell to take part in a new committee: the Women's Committee of the

838:

rival, was working on a series of articles about Bonaparte. Tarbell stayed at

7809: 7741: 7710: 7664: 7560: 7529: 7499: 7483: 7448: 7443: 7417: 7361: 7277: 7272: 7206: 7196: 7155: 7140: 7125: 7120: 7094: 6962: 6772: 6767: 6737: 6666: 6631: 6595: 6489: 6469: 6389: 6323: 6233: 6024: 5902: 5897: 5821: 5816: 5247: 5216: 5005: 4792: 4713: 4665: 1801: 1742: 1733:, Tarbell worked from home in her study with a break once a day to go to the 1678: 1544: 1465: 982: 866: 788: 745: 692: 610: 573: 527:

Tarbell returned to Pennsylvania, where she met Theodore L. Flood, editor of

354: 339: 279: 223: 199: 172: 130:(November 5, 1857 – January 6, 1944) was an American writer, 5608: 5097: 5070: 4928: 4694: 973:. She would visit the Sanitarium numerous times over the next thirty years. 793: 7771: 7746: 7690: 7565: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7422: 7402: 7397: 7326: 7262: 7257: 7242: 7237: 6932: 6906: 6891: 6866: 6841: 6687: 6520: 6419: 6343: 6298: 6107: 6102: 6092: 6045: 6040: 5923: 5851: 5826: 5801: 5755: 5636: 5632: 5365: 5197:

Taking on the trust: the epic battle of Ida Tarbell and John D. Rockefeller

4755: 2315: 1269: 1170: 1076: 1052: 1013: 970: 938: 754: 739: 634: 618: 606: 520: 176: 166: 154: 5160: 1403:

Tarbell collected her essays on women and published them in a book called

157:

at the beginning of the oil boom, Tarbell is best known for her 1904 book

7720: 7392: 7191: 7181: 7018: 6952: 6580: 6379: 6268: 6238: 5846: 5786: 4625:"MEDIA: Journalism's Greatest Hits: Two Lists of a Century's Top Stories" 4597:

Lincoln's Informer: Charles A. Dana and the Inside Story of the Union War

1607: 1489: 1334: 1256: 1209: 1090:

On her return to the states, Tarbell handed over the desk editor role to

1048: 986: 614: 287: 260: 180: 5385:

Proceedings of the first Industrial conference (called by the President)

5131: 4180:

Proceedings of the first Industrial conference (called by the President)

4168:

Proceedings of the first Industrial conference (called by the President)

4156:

Proceedings of the first Industrial conference (called by the President)

2043:

A Reporter for Lincoln: Story of Henry E. Wing, Soldier and Newspaperman

1227: 950:

By December 1895, the popular series by Tarbell once again helped boost

594: 480: 7575: 7570: 7382: 7084: 6871: 6717: 6692: 6384: 6303: 6097: 6066: 5933: 5310: 4406: 1779: 1570: 1362: 1338: 1318: 1116: 1032: 997:, the commanding general of the United States, when the battleship the 638: 548: 365:

began in 1859. They lived in the western region of Pennsylvania as new

219: 5716: 3953: 3951: 2785: 7705: 7089: 6836: 6273: 1631: 1248: 1153: 1019:

Tarbell moved to New York and accepted a position as desk editor for

139: 4676:

American literacy: fifty books that define our culture and ourselves

1762:

and the plot was thought to be based on her campaign. (Its title is

1669:

of the top 100 works of 20th-century American journalism. Historian

1136:, Rogers continued to speak with Tarbell, much to her surprise. Her 380:

After the Rouseville boom was finished in 1869, the family moved to

7700: 7145: 5597: 5593: 5502:

More Than a Muckraker: Ida Minerva Tarbell's Lifetime in Journalism

4723:"Freetown author's books optioned in film, television series deals" 4387: 3948: 1738: 1044: 906: 825: 744:

Tarbell had published articles with the syndicate run by publisher

306: 203: 5537: 5489: 5552: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4452: 4450: 4448: 2386: 2384: 2382: 630: 5617: 5509: 5462: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2362: 551:' and appeared in December 1886. According to Steve Weinberg in 345: 27:

American writer, journalist, biographer and lecturer (1857–1944)

5564: 5029:

Profits and Losses: Business Journalism and Its Role in Society

4421: 4375: 4273: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4019: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3607: 1028: 767: 326: 272: 234: 146:

of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was a pioneer of

4988:

Ida M. Tarbell: the woman who challenged big business—and won!

4547: 4504: 4445: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4137: 3963: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3371: 3369: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3194: 3192: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 5641: 4482: 4480: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3269: 3267: 3265: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2359: 1084: 391:

Tarbell's father later became an oil producer and refiner in

255:, Tarbell left with several other editors to buy and publish 5032:(2nd ed.). Portland, Oregon: Marion Street Press, LLC. 4566: 4564: 4562: 4433: 4088: 4016: 3929: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3245: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 4911:

More Than a Muckraker: Ida Tarbell's Lifetime in Journalism

4285: 4209: 4037: 3819: 3756: 3708: 3648: 3541: 3440: 3438: 3366: 3223: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3189: 3098: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3018: 2997: 2937: 2880: 2676: 2645: 2497: 933:

while visiting Knox College where Lincoln famously debated

483:

on campus dedicated to learning and with the Latin phrase,

5612: 5415: 5285: 4913:(1st ed.). Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. 4705:

The Muckrackers: Crusading journalists who changed America

4477: 4365: 4363: 4249: 4239: 4237: 4066: 4064: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3858: 3631: 3520: 3450: 3356: 3354: 2842: 2791: 2762: 2733: 2468: 2401: 2399: 2148:"John D. Rockefeller: A Character Study." Parts 1 and 2. 2145:, November 1902 – July 1903; December 1903 – October 1904. 1507:, the following year, Tarbell collapsed. She was sent to 5015:"A Notable Pennsylvanian: Ida Minerva Tarbell, 1857–1944" 4559: 4113: 4049: 3905: 3619: 3486: 3484: 3242: 2709: 2664: 2599: 2447: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 1080: 479:

sorority in 1876. Tarbell also led the charge to place a

430:

and it was there that Ida Tarbell followed the events of

4679:(1st ed.). New York: William Morrow & Company. 3917: 3846: 3795: 3568: 3558: 3556: 3435: 3411: 3386: 3384: 3315: 3279: 3204: 3151: 3149: 3122: 3086: 3055: 3043: 2973: 2961: 2913: 2868: 2750: 1565:

Tarbell also wrote another biography, this one of Judge

164:

The book was first published as a series of articles in

4467: 4465: 4360: 4350: 4348: 4333: 4321: 4234: 4125: 4076: 4061: 4004: 3992: 3975: 3351: 3291: 3134: 2985: 2949: 2925: 2901: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2396: 2283: 2281: 2279: 637:

and in a letter to her family she advised them to read

7876:

History of the petroleum industry in the United States

5254: 4297: 3807: 3665: 3585: 3583: 3508: 3496: 3481: 2827: 2809: 2797: 2721: 2697: 2587: 2426: 2298: 2296: 2257: 1649:. In 2000, Tarbell was inducted posthumously into the 750:

The Paving of the Streets of Paris by Monsieur Alphand

4576: 3720: 3553: 3423: 3401: 3399: 3381: 3339: 3327: 3303: 3146: 3110: 2575: 2416: 2414: 544:

phrases, identifying characters, and defining words.

400:

her writing, in which she accused the leaders of the

5401:

Report of the President's Conference on unemployment

4939:

The Current American Civil War, a Global Perspective

4462: 4345: 4309: 4204:

Report of the President's Conference on unemployment

4192:

Report of the President's Conference on unemployment

3732: 3595: 2851: 2565: 2563: 2522: 2276: 925:, but has since been disproved by other historians. 5262:. Meadville, Pennsylvania. June 18, 1912. p. 5 4492: 4261: 3696: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3680: 3580: 2293: 1684:

The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power

901:had published a series by his private secretaries, 5344: 5226:The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power 5194: 5120:The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 5048: 4708:. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company. 3396: 2411: 2390: 1100:the Rise and Fall of the South Improvement Company 412:and women's suffragists. Her family subscribed to 305:Tarbell, who never married, is often considered a 282:(now the Author's Guild) and was President of the 5364: 5168:Weinberg, Arthur; Weinberg, Lila Shaffer (2001). 4143: 3173:The Muckrakers: Ida Tarbell Takes on Big Business 2560: 1144:her first article being published with pieces by 309:by her actions, although she was critical of the 175:. The work contributed to the dissolution of the 7807: 5504:. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press. 5403:(Report). Washington Govt. printing office. 1921 5387:(Report). Washington Govt. printing office. 1919 5167: 4393: 4381: 3744: 3677: 3175:. Minneapolis: ABDO Publishing. pp. 29–31. 1749: 1708: 1329:Tarbell wrote a series of essential articles at 748:, and McClure had read a Tarbell article called 408:The Tarbells were socially active, entertaining 5328: 5051:Muckraking! The Journalism that Changed America 4853:John D. The Founding Father of the Rockefellers 4777:. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press. 2658: 2624:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 44. 2166:, December 1906, January 1907, March–June 1907. 1977:The Rising of the Tide; The Story of Sabinsport 1774:Season 5 Episode 6 titled "Underdogs" features 962:recounting her discoveries to large audiences. 593:. The apartment was within a few blocks of the 2053:Owen D. Young: A New Type of Industrial Leader 2032:The Life of Elbert H. Gary: The Story of Steel 2010:He Knew Lincoln, and Other Billy Brown Stories 1344:Tarbell and the other editors decided to sell 1220:power over oil rates, and the creation of the 5741: 5496: 5309: 5082:(1st ed.). North Carolina: M. Reynolds. 4908: 4553: 4515: 4456: 4439: 4427: 4279: 4255: 3969: 3957: 3714: 1859:. Vol. 1–2. New York: McClure Phillips. 1012:was already organizing what would become the 298:. After the war, Tarbell served on President 5046: 3444: 2141:"The History of the Standard Oil Company." 777:Instead of taking up the editor position at 5520:Ida Tarbell: Pioneer Investigative Reporter 5080:Ida Tarbell: pioneer investigative reporter 4772: 4731:. Fall River, Massachusetts. Archived from 4291: 1212:in 1906 to oversee the railroads, the 1910 1031:. She frequented the Hotel Brevoort, where 869:and was a proponent for women's education. 491:, and wrote for the society's publication, 316: 138:, and lecturer. She was one of the leading 5748: 5734: 5077: 4119: 4107: 4055: 4031: 3911: 3852: 3840: 3801: 3789: 3417: 3321: 3285: 3128: 3049: 3037: 2979: 2919: 2756: 2691: 2516: 2491: 1737:office. At home in New York, she sat on a 1576:Tarbell completed a series of articles on 1530:had refused to have a female on his team. 373:In 1860, Ida's father moved the family to 42: 5517: 4622: 4303: 3166: 3164: 2218:"The Greatest Story in the World Today?" 2152:, July 1905, 227–49; August 1905, 386–97. 2085:"The Arts and Industries of Cincinnati." 1809: 1692:Investigative Reporters and Editors, Inc. 1127:. Rogers had begun his career during the 70:Amity Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania 7896:People from Venango County, Pennsylvania 5192: 5047:Serrin, Judith; Serrin, William (2002). 5012: 4870: 4599:. University Press of Kansas. p. 6. 4594: 4369: 4327: 3942: 3923: 3659: 3613: 3574: 3547: 3375: 3360: 3297: 3236: 3198: 3140: 3104: 3012: 2991: 2955: 2943: 2931: 2907: 2895: 2862: 2815: 2803: 2779: 2727: 2715: 2703: 2605: 2593: 2462: 2405: 2270: 1479: 1372: 1277: 1268: 1226: 1179: 1152:. Together these ushered in the era of 722: 651: 506: 450: 361:The Tarbells' fortune would turn as the 344: 7836:20th-century American women journalists 7826:19th-century American women journalists 5330:"American Experience: The Rockefellers" 5201:(1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton. 5142:All in the Day's Work: An Autobiography 5138: 5117: 5104: 4990:(1st ed.). Boston: Clarion Books. 4985: 4960: 4799: 4486: 4339: 4315: 4243: 4228: 4131: 4082: 4070: 4043: 4010: 3998: 3986: 3899: 3813: 3702: 3671: 3642: 3535: 3514: 3502: 3490: 3475: 3429: 3390: 3345: 3333: 3309: 3273: 3217: 3155: 3116: 3092: 3080: 2967: 2874: 2744: 2581: 2528: 2441: 2420: 2072:All in the Day's Work: An Autobiography 2039: 1890:The History of the Standard Oil Company 1663:The History of the Standard Oil Company 1205:The History of the Standard Oil Company 275:, labor practices, and women's issues. 214:, she wrote biographies of businessmen 160:The History of the Standard Oil Company 119:The History of the Standard Oil Company 14: 7808: 5469: 5422:. The Kappa Alpha Theta Magazine. 2003 5223: 5055:(1st ed.). New Yorkn: New Press. 4721:Dion, Marc Munroe (October 21, 2011). 4672: 4613: 4527: 4267: 3726: 3625: 3562: 3170: 3161: 2670: 2621:John D. Rockefeller: Anointed With Oil 2617: 2302: 2287: 2225:"As Ida Tarbell Looks at Prohibition" 1681:, in his Pulitzer-Prize winning book, 1665:was listed as No. 5 in a 1999 list by 1645:in Easton, Connecticut was declared a 1453:of production, encouraging its use in 1039:"control" to S. S. McClure's "motor." 645:as she didn't like to write about it. 605:. This was an exciting time in Paris. 7886:People from Erie County, Pennsylvania 7626: 7298: 6803: 6128: 5959: 5768: 5729: 5346:"Ida Tarbell, 86, Dies in Bridgeport" 5025: 4909:Kochersberger, Robert C. Jr. (1994). 4849: 4824: 4747: 4645: 4623:Barringer, Felicity (March 1, 1999). 4582: 4570: 4471: 4354: 3738: 3601: 3589: 2569: 2339: 1921:. New York: Moffat, Yard and Company. 1622:Tarbell completed her autobiography, 1239:gave Tarbell and her peers including 1067:By the turn of the twentieth century 818: 731: 678:. Tarbell published the short story, 580: 7901:Progressive Era in the United States 7891:People from Titusville, Pennsylvania 5648: 5445:Ida Tarbell: Portrait of a Muckraker 4942:. New York, NY: Archway Publishing, 4895: 4720: 4701: 4648:Ida Tarbell: Portrait of a Muckraker 4614:Baadke, Michael (November 5, 2016). 3750: 3690: 3405: 2340:Jones, Alex A. (September 4, 2019). 2120:"The Identification of Criminals." 2079: 1833: 656:The Pantheon in Paris, ca. 1890-1900 5629:, Smith College Special Collections 4935: 4775:Muckraking: Three Landmark Articles 4498: 2542:"The Woman Who Took on Rockefeller" 2046:. New York: Book League of America. 1893:. Vol. 1–2. New York: McClure. 1822:Madame Roland: a biographical study 1617: 1368: 1186:History of the Standard Oil Company 24: 7856:American investigative journalists 5436: 5013:Randolph, Josephine (April 1999). 4898:"The Woman Who Took on the Tycoon" 2618:Segall, Grant (February 8, 2001). 1798:A Short Life of Napoleon Bonaparte 1746:mahogany desk in a sunny library. 1554:Tarbell published her only novel, 1295:The American Illustrated Magazine, 880: 25: 7932: 7841:20th-century American journalists 7831:19th-century American journalists 5908:Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias 5545: 5443:Brady, Kathleen (April 2, 1984). 2190:"The Business of Being a Woman." 2035:. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1784: 1560:Peacemakers—Blessed and Otherwise 941:and rise to become the editor of 179:monopoly and helped usher in the 5708: 5691: 5674: 5657: 5601: 5563: 5551: 5277: 5256:"Alumni Trustees Elected Monday" 5105:Steiger, Paul (March 28, 2008). 4650:(1st ed.). Boston: Putnam. 4588: 4521: 4399: 2222:, November 1926 – February 1927. 2208:, October 1914 – September 1915. 2173:, December 1907 – February 1908. 2155:"Commercial Machiavellianism." 2138:, November 1895 – November 1896. 1754:Charles Klein's political play, 815:for a salary of $ 3,000 a year. 762:Tarbell described McClure as a " 349:A Pennsylvania oil field in 1862 6978:Harriet Williams Russell Strong 5522:. Greensboro, NC: M. Reynolds. 5078:Sommervill, Barbara A. (2002). 4756:Viking Penguin Publishing Group 4528:Sowell, Thomas (May 18, 2010). 2611: 2534: 2055:. New York: Macmillan Company. 1537: 1488:When the United States entered 1062: 889:story meant to compete against 695:: the leader of an influential 502: 7871:Biographers of Abraham Lincoln 6657:Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose 5518:Somervill, Barbara A. (2002). 4896:King, Gilbert (July 5, 2012). 4825:Green, Joseph Michael (2004). 4800:Goodwin, Doris Kearns (2013). 2792:The Kappa Alpha Theta Magazine 2333: 2308: 2204:"The Golden Rule in Business" 2197:"Flying — A Dream Come True!" 2169:"Roosevelt vs. Rockefeller." 2074:. New York: Macmillan Company. 1908:2027/uiuo.ark:/13960/t4th8cv47 1839:Recollections of the Civil War 1599:in 1923. She did not complete 1475: 1431:Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 1218:Interstate Commerce Commission 1173:as a monopoly and lead to the 727:McClure's Christmas 1903 cover 682:in the December 1891 issue of 321:Tarbell was born on a farm in 302:1921 Unemployment Conference. 191:(FTC), and the passage of the 13: 1: 7881:Journalists from Pennsylvania 7627: 7299: 6804: 6129: 5960: 5769: 5758:National Women's Hall of Fame 5585:Works by or about Ida Tarbell 4874:The Media's Role in Democracy 4850:Hawke, David Freeman (1980). 4616:"Born Nov. 5: Ida M. Tarbell" 2246: 2131:, November 1894 – April 1895. 1944:The Business of Being a Woman 1865:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t3vt1rn71 1811:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t46q1w061 1750:Representation in other media 1709:Writing style and methodology 1651:National Women's Hall of Fame 1601:The Nationalizing of Business 1457:. She became a member of the 1405:The Business of Being a Woman 976: 455:Ruter Hall, Allegheny College 193:Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 7004:Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis 5498:Kochersberger, Robert C. Jr. 5447:. New York: Seaview/Putnam. 5176:University of Illinois Press 5107:"A Reporter at the Ramparts" 4394:Weinberg & Weinberg 2001 4382:Weinberg & Weinberg 2001 2251: 2113:"In the Streets of Paris." 1902:. New York: Doubleday Page. 1595:to contribute to his series 531:, a teaching supplement for 7: 7187:Martha Coffin Pelham Wright 6591:Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin 5600:(public domain audiobooks) 4969:University of Toronto Press 4833:University Press of America 4773:Fitzpatrick, Ellen (1994). 2233: 2211:"Florida — and Then What?" 2180:, November 1909 – May 1910. 1999:Boy Scouts' Life of Lincoln 1857:The Life of Abraham Lincoln 1731:The History of Standard Oil 1498:Council of National Defense 1199:Wealth Against Commonwealth 1105:the New York Public Library 296:Council of National Defense 10: 7937: 7921:Female critics of feminism 7866:American women biographers 6743:Katharine Dexter McCormick 6041:Mary "Mother" Harris Jones 5470:Gorton, Stephanie (2020). 4606: 4595:Guarneri, Carl J. (2019). 2844:Allegheny College Bulletin 1647:National Historic Landmark 1634:at Bridgeport Hospital in 1597:A History of American Life 1591:Tarbell was approached by 1350:Crowell Publishing company 1309:Redding Ridge, Connecticut 1188:(1904) became a bestseller 967:Clifton Springs Sanitarium 737: 292:President Woodrow Wilson's 286:for 30 years. During 7916:American anti-suffragists 7911:Writers from Pennsylvania 7734: 7678: 7637: 7633: 7622: 7553: 7492: 7431: 7375: 7309: 7305: 7294: 7225: 7169: 7108: 7037: 6996: 6920: 6814: 6810: 6799: 6675: 6609: 6601:Hannah Greenebaum Solomon 6508: 6372: 6186: 6170: 6139: 6135: 6124: 6080: 6054: 6033: 6012: 5991: 5970: 5966: 5955: 5916: 5890: 5779: 5775: 5764: 5618:The Ida Tarbell Home Page 4961:MacLeod, Kirsten (2018). 4673:Conway, J. North (1993). 4633:. New York City, New York 2110:, September 1893, 327–40. 1843:D. Appleton & Company 1778:as Tarbell. Retelling by 1492:in April 1917, President 1299:Leslie's Monthly Magazine 1035:(Mark Twain) also dined. 828:. McClure had heard that 511:Ida Minerva Tarbell, 1890 397:South Improvement Company 323:Erie County, Pennsylvania 311:women's suffrage movement 294:Women's Committee on the 113: 93: 76: 53: 41: 34: 7846:Allegheny College alumni 6832:Marjory Stoneman Douglas 6642:Wilhelmina Cole Holladay 6415:Charlotte Perkins Gilman 5514:– collection of articles 5228:(1st ed.). London: 5193:Weinberg, Steve (2008). 5139:Tarbell, Ida M. (1939). 4748:Doran, Peter B. (2016). 4646:Brady, Kathleen (1984). 3445:Serrin & Serrin 2002 3171:Bodden, Valerie (2016). 2162:"Tariff in Our Times." 2117:, November 1893, 259–64. 2099:"Women in Journalism." 2089:, December 1886, 160–62. 1789: 1764:that of an Aesop's fable 1284:Tarbell had written for 1273:Ida Tarbell House garden 1222:Federal Trade Commission 1138:investigative journalism 1119:) introduced Tarbell to 863:Johns Hopkins University 641:'s description of it in 585:Leaving the security of 382:Titusville, Pennsylvania 375:Rouseville, Pennsylvania 317:Early life and education 189:Federal Trade Commission 148:investigative journalism 132:investigative journalist 7322:Dorothy Harrison Eustis 7212:Catherine Filene Shouse 7065:Patricia Roberts Harris 6703:Mary Steichen Calderone 6571:Lillian Moller Gilbreth 6440:Frances Wisebart Jacobs 6244:Martha Wright Griffiths 5627:Sophia Smith Collection 5224:Yergin, Daniel (1991). 5145:. New York: Macmillan. 5111:The Wall Street Journal 4986:McCully, Emily (2014). 4871:Keppeler, Jill (2019). 2391:The New York Times 1944 2201:, November 1913, 65–66. 2176:"The American Woman." 2127:"Napoleon Bonaparte." 2092:"Women as Inventors." 2070:—— (1939). 2051:—— (1932). 2040:—— (1929). 2029:—— (1925). 2018:—— (1922). 2007:—— (1922). 1996:—— (1921). 1985:—— (1920). 1974:—— (1919). 1963:—— (1916). 1952:—— (1915). 1941:—— (1912). 1929:The Tariff in Our Times 1926:—— (1911). 1915:—— (1909). 1898:—— (1907). 1887:—— (1904). 1872:—— (1901). 1855:—— (1900). 1819:—— (1896). 1796:—— (1895). 1636:Bridgeport, Connecticut 1556:The Rising of the Tide, 809:Frances Hodgson Burnett 541:Meadville, Pennsylvania 87:Bridgeport, Connecticut 7861:American salon-holders 7268:Rebecca Talbot Perkins 6763:Eunice Kennedy Shriver 6627:Frances Xavier Cabrini 6541:Elizabeth Hanford Dole 6319:Ellen Swallow Richards 6289:Constance Baker Motley 5939:Elizabeth Bayley Seton 5872:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 5623:The Ida Tarbell Papers 5556:Quotations related to 5260:The Evening Republican 4879:Rosen Publishing Group 4877:. New York, New York: 4754:. New York, New York: 3616:, p. front cover. 2829:The Evening Republican 2024:. New York: Macmillan. 2013:. New York: Macmillan. 2002:. New York: Macmillan. 1991:. New York: Macmillan. 1980:. New York: Macmillan. 1969:. New York: Macmillan. 1958:. New York: Macmillan. 1947:. New York: Macmillan. 1835:Dana, Charles Anderson 1756:The Lion and the Mouse 1655:Seneca Falls, New York 1593:Arthur Schlesinger Sr. 1571:U.S. Steel Corporation 1509:Johns Hopkins Hospital 1485: 1435:Elizabeth I of England 1413:Elizabeth Cady Stanton 1378: 1377:Ida M. Tarbell in 1905 1327: 1301:), which they renamed 1274: 1232: 1196:. However, this book, 1189: 1163: 1113:The Lion and the Mouse 1027:which reminded her of 848:Gardiner Green Hubbard 728: 657: 512: 489:Margaret Fuller Ossoli 456: 350: 187:, the creation of the 7782:Anna Wessels Williams 7469:Carlotta Walls LaNier 7202:Elisabeth Kübler-Ross 7060:Martha Matilda Harper 7024:Mary Engle Pennington 6862:Frances Oldham Kelsey 6647:Anne Morrow Lindbergh 6400:Jane Cunningham Croly 6329:Katherine Siva Saubel 6224:Marian Wright Edelman 6147:Margaret Bourke-White 6072:Harriet Beecher Stowe 5417:"A Theta Trailblazer" 5026:Roush, Chris (2012). 4936:Lim, Kern G. (2018). 4702:Cook, Fred J (1972). 4144:Pen and Brush History 3960:, pp. xviv–xlix. 2316:"Pen + Brush History" 2240:The Hepburn Committee 2194:, March 1912, 563–68. 2183:"The Uneasy Woman." 2159:, March 1906, 453–63. 2124:, March 1894, 355–69. 2103:, April 1887, 393–95. 2096:, March 1887, 355–57. 1849:Charles Anderson Dana 1483: 1451:scientific management 1397:The American Magazine 1376: 1346:The American Magazine 1331:The American Magazine 1323: 1304:The American Magazine 1279:The American Magazine 1272: 1230: 1183: 1175:Clayton Antitrust Act 1158: 726: 669:Cincinnati Times-Star 655: 517:Poland Union Seminary 510: 454: 386:Pithole, Pennsylvania 363:Pennsylvania oil rush 348: 257:The American Magazine 248:The American Magazine 142:and reformers of the 7851:American biographers 7479:Mary Harriman Rumsey 7317:St. Katharine Drexel 7161:Mary Burnett Talbert 7156:Blanche Stuart Scott 7141:Mother Marianne Cope 7121:Ruth Fulton Benedict 7080:Mildred Robbins Leet 6778:Angelina Grimké Weld 6652:Maria Goeppert Mayer 6622:Charlotte Anne Bunch 6199:Antoinette Blackwell 6178:Gertrude Belle Elion 6108:Ida B. Wells-Barnett 5877:Helen Brooke Taussig 5867:Margaret Chase Smith 5609:Works by Ida Tarbell 5594:Works by Ida Tarbell 5576:Works by Ida Tarbell 5572:at Wikimedia Commons 5287:"Death of an Alumna" 5230:Simon & Schuster 5174:. Urbana, Illinois: 5019:Pennsylvania History 4944:Simon & Schuster 4902:Smithsonian Magazine 4856:. Harper & Row. 4831:. Lanham, Maryland: 4808:Simon & Schuster 4618:. Linn's Stamp news. 2134:"Abraham Lincoln." 2115:New England Magazine 2106:"Pasteur at Home." 1671:Doris Kearns Goodwin 1439:Catherine de' Medici 1194:Henry Demarest Lloyd 991:Spanish–American War 893:was on US president 831:the Century Magazine 643:The Innocents Abroad 537:Chautauqua, New York 427:the New York Tribune 402:Standard Oil Company 7696:Rebecca S. Halstead 7670:Mary Church Terrell 7357:Barbara A. Mikulski 7085:Patsy Takemoto Mink 7070:Stephanie L. Kwolek 7009:Ruth Bader Ginsburg 6983:Emily Howell Warner 6928:Dorothy H. Andersen 6902:Annie Dodge Wauneka 6897:Mary Edwards Walker 6822:Faye Glenn Abdellah 6753:Edith Nourse Rogers 6733:Shirley Ann Jackson 6708:Mary Ann Shadd Cary 6586:Sandra Day O'Connor 6566:Matilda Joslyn Gage 6162:Florence B. Seibert 5999:Carrie Chapman Catt 5929:Juliette Gordon Low 5812:Elizabeth Blackwell 5807:Mary McLeod Bethune 4967:. Toronto, Canada: 4735:on January 21, 2019 4573:, pp. 132–133. 4534:Jewish World Review 4409:. Tarbell.org. 2020 4231:, pp. 210–227. 4046:, pp. 219–222. 3945:, pp. 260–273. 3902:, pp. 180–193. 3662:, pp. 208–218. 3645:, pp. 127–137. 3628:, pp. 209–210. 3550:, pp. 206–207. 3538:, pp. 113–123. 3478:, pp. 102–112. 3378:, pp. 177–189. 3239:, pp. 168–176. 3201:, pp. 158–167. 3107:, pp. 163–164. 3015:, pp. 126–149. 2946:, pp. 123–124. 2898:, pp. 101–125. 2747:, pp. 217–239. 2673:, pp. 208–209. 2659:American Experience 2229:, October 1930, 17. 1760:McClure's Magazine, 1667:New York University 1630:, when she died of 1624:All in a Day's Work 1513:Parkinson's disease 1484:Ida Tarbell in 1917 1427:Catherine the Great 1313:Easton, Connecticut 1165:Magazine historian 1125:William Rockefeller 915:Robert Todd Lincoln 663:Pittsburgh Dispatch 599:Notre-Dame de Paris 553:Taking on the Trust 330:descended from Sir 300:Warren G. Harding's 212:John D. Rockefeller 128:Ida Minerva Tarbell 57:Ida Minerva Tarbell 7655:Barbara Rose Johns 7606:Flossie Wong-Staal 7581:Nicole Malachowski 7510:Lorraine Hansberry 7454:Marcia Greenberger 7408:Mary Joseph Rogers 7347:Coretta Scott King 7332:Abby Kelley Foster 7248:Susan Kelly-Dreiss 7136:Rita Rossi Colwell 6912:Frances E. Willard 6748:Rozanne L. Ridgway 6698:Lydia Moss Bradley 6683:Madeleine Albright 6576:Nannerl O. Keohane 6546:Anne Dallas Dudley 6475:Betty Bone Schiess 6445:Susette La Flesche 6430:Zora Neale Hurston 6425:Helen LaKelly Hunt 6349:Madam C. J. Walker 6264:Mary Putnam Jacobi 6214:Jacqueline Cochran 6194:Ethel Percy Andrus 6062:Barbara McClintock 5474:. New York: Ecco. 5370:Pen and Brush Club 5350:The New York Times 5297:on August 20, 2015 4630:The New York Times 4554:Kochersberger 1994 4516:Kochersberger 1994 4489:, pp. 94–101. 4457:Kochersberger 1994 4440:Kochersberger 1994 4428:Kochersberger 1994 4407:"What is Tarbell?" 4396:, pp. xv–xvi. 4280:Kochersberger 1994 3970:Kochersberger 1994 3958:Kochersberger 1994 3715:Kochersberger 1994 3276:, pp. 87–101. 2782:, pp. 88–100. 2215:, May–August 1926. 2157:McClure's Magazine 2150:McClure's Magazine 2143:McClure's Magazine 2136:McClure's Magazine 2129:McClure's Magazine 2122:McClure's Magazine 2108:McClure's Magazine 1988:In Lincoln's Chair 1696:yellow journalists 1569:, the chairman of 1486: 1379: 1359:Ford Motor Company 1275: 1262:Pilgrim's Progress 1245:Ray Stannard Baker 1237:Theodore Roosevelt 1233: 1190: 1150:Ray Stannard Baker 1129:American Civil War 1010:Theodore Roosevelt 956:Century's Magazine 944:The New York Times 919:Henry Clay Whitney 826:Napoleon Bonaparte 819:Napoleon Bonaparte 733:McClure's Magazine 729: 658: 581:Paris in the 1890s 533:home study courses 513: 457: 446:Frances E. Willard 437:the Police Gazette 351: 284:Pen and Brush Club 253:McClure’s Magazine 243:McClure’s Magazine 7803: 7802: 7799: 7798: 7795: 7794: 7757:Kimberlé Crenshaw 7752:Elouise P. Cobell 7716:Katherine Johnson 7686:Octavia E. Butler 7618: 7617: 7614: 7613: 7525:Clare Boothe Luce 7337:Helen Murray Free 7290: 7289: 7286: 7285: 7151:Patricia A. Locke 7116:Florence E. Allen 7100:Sheila E. Widnall 7045:Linda G. Alvarado 7029:Mercy Otis Warren 6988:Victoria Woodhull 6973:Barbara Holdridge 6968:Beatrice A. Hicks 6943:Lydia Maria Child 6857:Leontine T. Kelly 6795: 6794: 6791: 6790: 6617:Louisa May Alcott 6531:Mary Breckinridge 6410:Geraldine Ferraro 6395:Annie Jump Cannon 6120: 6119: 6116: 6115: 5951: 5950: 5947: 5946: 5857:Eleanor Roosevelt 5756:Inductees to the 5580:Project Gutenberg 5568:Media related to 5352:. January 7, 1944 5315:Allegheny College 5208:978-0-393-04935-0 5185:978-0-252-06986-4 5152:978-0-252-07136-2 5089:978-1-883846-87-9 5062:978-1-56584-663-0 5039:978-1-936863-26-6 4997:978-0-547-29092-8 4978:978-1-4426-9557-3 4953:978-1-4808-6399-6 4920:978-1-5040-1895-1 4888:978-1-5383-4616-7 4842:978-0-7618-2802-0 4765:978-0-698-17077-3 4686:978-0-688-11963-8 4657:978-1-5040-1895-1 4282:, pp. xi–xv. 4256:Allegheny College 4110:, pp. 82–90. 4034:, pp. 71–81. 3843:, pp. 91–99. 3792:, pp. 62–76. 3220:, pp. 78–86. 3182:978-1-6807-9741-1 3095:, pp. 82–83. 3083:, pp. 68–77. 3040:, pp. 28–37. 2970:, pp. 66–68. 2877:, pp. 51–67. 2718:, pp. 71–72. 2694:, pp. 18–27. 2608:, pp. 64–83. 2519:, pp. 38–45. 2465:, pp. 38–63. 2346:The Brooklyn Rail 2220:McCall's Magazine 2213:McCall's Magazine 2206:American Magazine 2199:American Magazine 2192:American Magazine 2185:American Magazine 2178:American Magazine 2171:American Magazine 2164:American Magazine 2080:Selected articles 1955:The Ways of Woman 1934:Macmillan Company 1643:Ida Tarbell House 1628:Life After Eighty 1612:Cosmopolitan Club 1421:Good Housekeeping 1167:Frank Luther Mott 1025:Greenwich Village 784:Boston Transcript 710:French historians 703:French Revolution 570:Germaine de Staël 485:Spes sibi quisque 477:Kappa Alpha Theta 465:Allegheny College 336:George Washington 265:American politics 216:Elbert Henry Gary 125: 124: 16:(Redirected from 7928: 7635: 7634: 7624: 7623: 7591:Louise Slaughter 7515:Victoria Jackson 7474:Philippa Marrack 7459:Barbara Iglewski 7367:Kathrine Switzer 7362:Donna E. Shalala 7307: 7306: 7296: 7295: 7253:Allie B. Latimer 7233:Louise Bourgeois 7207:Judith L. Pipher 7014:Katharine Graham 6958:Marian de Forest 6877:Anna Howard Shaw 6827:Emma Smith DeVoe 6812: 6811: 6801: 6800: 6713:Joan Ganz Cooney 6637:Oveta Culp Hobby 6632:Mary A. Hallaren 6495:Sarah Winnemucca 6364:Gloria Yerkovich 6359:Rosalyn S. Yalow 6314:Jeannette Rankin 6294:Georgia O'Keeffe 6249:Fannie Lou Hamer 6209:Shirley Chisholm 6157:Billie Jean King 6137: 6136: 6126: 6125: 6088:Gwendolyn Brooks 5968: 5967: 5957: 5956: 5797:Susan B. Anthony 5777: 5776: 5766: 5765: 5750: 5743: 5736: 5727: 5726: 5721: 5713: 5712: 5711: 5704: 5696: 5695: 5694: 5687: 5679: 5678: 5677: 5670: 5662: 5661: 5660: 5650: 5605: 5604: 5589:Internet Archive 5567: 5555: 5541: 5513: 5493: 5466: 5431: 5429: 5427: 5421: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5361: 5359: 5357: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5325: 5323: 5321: 5306: 5304: 5302: 5282: 5281: 5275: 5269: 5267: 5251: 5220: 5200: 5189: 5164: 5135: 5114: 5101: 5074: 5054: 5043: 5022: 5009: 4982: 4957: 4932: 4905: 4892: 4867: 4846: 4821: 4803:The Bully Pulpit 4796: 4769: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4717: 4698: 4669: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4619: 4601: 4600: 4592: 4586: 4580: 4574: 4568: 4557: 4556:, pp. x=xi. 4551: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4502: 4496: 4490: 4484: 4475: 4469: 4460: 4454: 4443: 4437: 4431: 4430:, p. xxvii. 4425: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4403: 4397: 4391: 4385: 4379: 4373: 4367: 4358: 4352: 4343: 4337: 4331: 4325: 4319: 4313: 4307: 4301: 4295: 4292:Fitzpatrick 1994 4289: 4283: 4277: 4271: 4265: 4259: 4253: 4247: 4241: 4232: 4226: 4207: 4201: 4195: 4189: 4183: 4177: 4171: 4165: 4159: 4153: 4147: 4141: 4135: 4129: 4123: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4086: 4080: 4074: 4068: 4059: 4053: 4047: 4041: 4035: 4029: 4014: 4008: 4002: 3996: 3990: 3984: 3973: 3967: 3961: 3955: 3946: 3940: 3927: 3921: 3915: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3817: 3811: 3805: 3799: 3793: 3787: 3754: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3718: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3694: 3688: 3675: 3669: 3663: 3657: 3646: 3640: 3629: 3623: 3617: 3611: 3605: 3599: 3593: 3587: 3578: 3577:, pp. x–xi. 3572: 3566: 3560: 3551: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3518: 3512: 3506: 3500: 3494: 3488: 3479: 3473: 3448: 3442: 3433: 3427: 3421: 3415: 3409: 3403: 3394: 3388: 3379: 3373: 3364: 3358: 3349: 3343: 3337: 3331: 3325: 3319: 3313: 3307: 3301: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3271: 3240: 3234: 3221: 3215: 3202: 3196: 3187: 3186: 3168: 3159: 3153: 3144: 3138: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3090: 3084: 3078: 3053: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3016: 3010: 2995: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2971: 2965: 2959: 2953: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2929: 2923: 2917: 2911: 2905: 2899: 2893: 2878: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2849: 2840: 2834: 2825: 2819: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2731: 2725: 2719: 2713: 2707: 2701: 2695: 2689: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2656: 2643: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2631:978-0-19512147-6 2615: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2558: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2548:. March 29, 2019 2538: 2532: 2526: 2520: 2514: 2495: 2494:, pp. 1–17. 2489: 2466: 2460: 2445: 2444:, pp. 1–13. 2439: 2424: 2418: 2409: 2408:, pp. 3–20. 2403: 2394: 2388: 2357: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2337: 2331: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2291: 2285: 2274: 2268: 2075: 2066: 2047: 2036: 2025: 2014: 2003: 1992: 1981: 1970: 1959: 1948: 1937: 1922: 1911: 1894: 1883: 1868: 1846: 1830: 1815: 1813: 1776:Shannon Woodward 1675:The Bully Pulpit 1618:Death and legacy 1578:Benito Mussolini 1549:Robert Brookings 1505:Washington, D.C. 1409:Susan B. Anthony 1369:Women's suffrage 1241:Lincoln Steffens 1146:Lincoln Steffens 1092:Lincoln Steffens 891:Century Magazine 859:Herbert B. Adams 855:Great man theory 844:Washington, D.C. 802:Alexandre Dumas 764:will-of-the-wisp 607:The Eiffel Tower 561:The Chautauquan. 421:Harper's Monthly 290:, she served on 228:General Electric 83: 66:November 5, 1857 65: 63: 48:Portrait in 1904 46: 32: 31: 21: 7936: 7935: 7931: 7930: 7929: 7927: 7926: 7925: 7806: 7805: 7804: 7791: 7787:Serena Williams 7730: 7674: 7660:Henrietta Lacks 7650:Barbara Hillary 7645:Aretha Franklin 7629: 7610: 7596:Sonia Sotomayor 7549: 7488: 7439:Tenley Albright 7427: 7413:Bernice Sandler 7371: 7352:Lilly Ledbetter 7327:Loretta C. Ford 7301: 7282: 7221: 7217:Henrietta Szold 7177:Eleanor K. Baum 7165: 7131:Hillary Clinton 7104: 7055:Gertrude Ederle 7050:Donna de Varona 7033: 6992: 6938:Rosalynn Carter 6916: 6892:Wilma L. Vaught 6847:Crystal Eastman 6842:Sylvia A. Earle 6806: 6787: 6783:Chien-Shiung Wu 6758:Felice Schwartz 6728:Julia Ward Howe 6671: 6662:Maria Tallchief 6605: 6561:Margaret Fuller 6556:Ella Fitzgerald 6551:Mary Baker Eddy 6504: 6460:Antonia Novello 6435:Anne Hutchinson 6368: 6309:Esther Peterson 6284:Wilma Mankiller 6204:Emily Blackwell 6182: 6166: 6131: 6112: 6076: 6050: 6029: 6008: 6004:Frances Perkins 5987: 5983:Sojourner Truth 5978:Margaret Sanger 5962: 5943: 5912: 5886: 5832:Emily Dickinson 5792:Marian Anderson 5771: 5760: 5754: 5724: 5714: 5709: 5707: 5703:from Wikisource 5697: 5692: 5690: 5680: 5675: 5673: 5663: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5649:sister projects 5646:at Knowledge's 5602: 5548: 5530: 5482: 5455: 5442: 5439: 5437:Further reading 5434: 5425: 5423: 5419: 5406: 5404: 5390: 5388: 5374: 5372: 5355: 5353: 5335: 5333: 5319: 5317: 5300: 5298: 5276: 5265: 5263: 5240: 5209: 5186: 5153: 5090: 5063: 5040: 4998: 4979: 4954: 4921: 4889: 4864: 4843: 4818: 4785: 4766: 4738: 4736: 4728:The Herald News 4687: 4658: 4636: 4634: 4609: 4604: 4593: 4589: 4581: 4577: 4569: 4560: 4552: 4548: 4538: 4536: 4526: 4522: 4518:, p. xxvi. 4514: 4505: 4497: 4493: 4485: 4478: 4470: 4463: 4459:, p. xxiv. 4455: 4446: 4438: 4434: 4426: 4422: 4412: 4410: 4405: 4404: 4400: 4392: 4388: 4380: 4376: 4368: 4361: 4353: 4346: 4338: 4334: 4326: 4322: 4314: 4310: 4302: 4298: 4290: 4286: 4278: 4274: 4266: 4262: 4254: 4250: 4242: 4235: 4227: 4210: 4202: 4198: 4190: 4186: 4178: 4174: 4166: 4162: 4154: 4150: 4142: 4138: 4130: 4126: 4120:Sommervill 2002 4118: 4114: 4108:Sommervill 2002 4106: 4089: 4081: 4077: 4069: 4062: 4056:Sommervill 2002 4054: 4050: 4042: 4038: 4032:Sommervill 2002 4030: 4017: 4009: 4005: 3997: 3993: 3985: 3976: 3972:, p. xiii. 3968: 3964: 3956: 3949: 3941: 3930: 3922: 3918: 3912:Sommervill 2002 3910: 3906: 3898: 3859: 3853:Sommervill 2002 3851: 3847: 3841:Sommervill 2002 3839: 3820: 3816:, pp. 242. 3812: 3808: 3802:Sommervill 2002 3800: 3796: 3790:Sommervill 2002 3788: 3757: 3749: 3745: 3737: 3733: 3725: 3721: 3713: 3709: 3701: 3697: 3689: 3678: 3670: 3666: 3658: 3649: 3641: 3632: 3624: 3620: 3612: 3608: 3600: 3596: 3588: 3581: 3573: 3569: 3561: 3554: 3546: 3542: 3534: 3521: 3513: 3509: 3501: 3497: 3489: 3482: 3474: 3451: 3443: 3436: 3428: 3424: 3418:Sommervill 2002 3416: 3412: 3404: 3397: 3389: 3382: 3374: 3367: 3359: 3352: 3344: 3340: 3332: 3328: 3322:Sommervill 2002 3320: 3316: 3308: 3304: 3296: 3292: 3286:Sommervill 2002 3284: 3280: 3272: 3243: 3235: 3224: 3216: 3205: 3197: 3190: 3183: 3169: 3162: 3154: 3147: 3139: 3135: 3129:Sommervill 2002 3127: 3123: 3115: 3111: 3103: 3099: 3091: 3087: 3079: 3056: 3050:Sommervill 2002 3048: 3044: 3038:Sommervill 2002 3036: 3019: 3011: 2998: 2990: 2986: 2980:Sommervill 2002 2978: 2974: 2966: 2962: 2954: 2950: 2942: 2938: 2930: 2926: 2920:Sommervill 2002 2918: 2914: 2906: 2902: 2894: 2881: 2873: 2869: 2861: 2852: 2841: 2837: 2826: 2822: 2814: 2810: 2802: 2798: 2790: 2786: 2778: 2763: 2757:Sommervill 2002 2755: 2751: 2743: 2734: 2726: 2722: 2714: 2710: 2702: 2698: 2692:Sommervill 2002 2690: 2677: 2669: 2665: 2657: 2646: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2616: 2612: 2604: 2600: 2592: 2588: 2580: 2576: 2568: 2561: 2551: 2549: 2540: 2539: 2535: 2527: 2523: 2517:Sommervill 2002 2515: 2498: 2492:Sommervill 2002 2490: 2469: 2461: 2448: 2440: 2427: 2419: 2412: 2404: 2397: 2389: 2360: 2350: 2348: 2338: 2334: 2324: 2322: 2314: 2313: 2309: 2301: 2294: 2286: 2277: 2269: 2258: 2254: 2249: 2236: 2187:, January 1912. 2082: 2069: 2063: 2050: 2028: 2017: 2006: 1995: 1984: 1973: 1962: 1951: 1940: 1925: 1914: 1900:He Knew Lincoln 1897: 1886: 1871: 1854: 1847:— nominally by 1818: 1795: 1792: 1787: 1752: 1711: 1620: 1540: 1478: 1449:, a system for 1388:Frances Willard 1371: 1282: 1231:Tarbell in 1904 1216:which gave the 1214:Mann-Elkins Act 1121:Henry H. Rogers 1065: 995:Nelson A. Miles 985:expansion into 979: 935:Stephen Douglas 895:Abraham Lincoln 883: 881:Abraham Lincoln 821: 798:Alphonse Daudet 742: 736: 675:Chicago Tribune 591:The Chautauquan 587:The Chautauquan 583: 529:The Chautauquan 505: 481:sophomore stone 470:Common Mudpuppy 415:Harper's Weekly 410:prohibitionists 319: 280:Authors’ League 239:labor practices 226:, president of 208:Abraham Lincoln 185:Mann-Elkins Act 144:Progressive Era 109: 85: 81: 80:January 6, 1944 67: 61: 59: 58: 49: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7934: 7924: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7801: 7800: 7797: 7796: 7793: 7792: 7790: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7767:Judith Plaskow 7764: 7762:Peggy McIntosh 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7738: 7736: 7732: 7731: 7729: 7728: 7726:Michelle Obama 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7682: 7680: 7676: 7675: 7673: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7641: 7639: 7631: 7630: 7620: 7619: 7616: 7615: 7612: 7611: 7609: 7608: 7603: 7601:Laurie Spiegel 7598: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7557: 7555: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7520:Sherry Lansing 7517: 7512: 7507: 7505:Temple Grandin 7502: 7496: 7494: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7464:Jean Kilbourne 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7435: 7433: 7429: 7428: 7426: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7388:Ina May Gaskin 7385: 7379: 7377: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7342:Billie Holiday 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7313: 7311: 7303: 7302: 7292: 7291: 7288: 7287: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7229: 7227: 7223: 7222: 7220: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7173: 7171: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7112: 7110: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7075:Dorothea Lange 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7041: 7039: 7035: 7034: 7032: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7000: 6998: 6994: 6993: 6991: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6948:Bessie Coleman 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6924: 6922: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6818: 6816: 6808: 6807: 6797: 6796: 6793: 6792: 6789: 6788: 6786: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6679: 6677: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6613: 6611: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6536:Eileen Collins 6533: 6528: 6526:Amelia Bloomer 6523: 6518: 6516:Virginia Apgar 6512: 6510: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6485:Nettie Stevens 6482: 6480:Muriel Siebert 6477: 6472: 6467: 6465:Linda Richards 6462: 6457: 6455:Maria Mitchell 6452: 6450:Louise McManus 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6405:Catherine East 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6376: 6374: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6354:Faye Wattleton 6351: 6346: 6341: 6339:Helen Stephens 6336: 6334:Gloria Steinem 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6259:Dolores Huerta 6256: 6254:Dorothy Height 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6190: 6188: 6184: 6183: 6181: 6180: 6174: 6172: 6168: 6167: 6165: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6152:Barbara Jordan 6149: 6143: 6141: 6133: 6132: 6122: 6121: 6118: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6111: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6084: 6082: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6058: 6056: 6052: 6051: 6049: 6048: 6043: 6037: 6035: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6027: 6022: 6020:Belva Lockwood 6016: 6014: 6010: 6009: 6007: 6006: 6001: 5995: 5993: 5989: 5988: 5986: 5985: 5980: 5974: 5972: 5964: 5963: 5953: 5952: 5949: 5948: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5920: 5918: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5894: 5892: 5888: 5887: 5885: 5884: 5882:Harriet Tubman 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5862:Florence Sabin 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5842:Alice Hamilton 5839: 5837:Amelia Earhart 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5783: 5781: 5773: 5772: 5762: 5761: 5753: 5752: 5745: 5738: 5730: 5723: 5722: 5705: 5688: 5686:from Wikiquote 5671: 5642: 5640: 5639: 5630: 5620: 5615: 5606: 5591: 5582: 5573: 5561: 5547: 5546:External links 5544: 5543: 5542: 5528: 5515: 5500:, ed. (1995). 5494: 5480: 5467: 5453: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5432: 5413: 5397: 5381: 5362: 5342: 5326: 5307: 5283: 5272:Newspapers.com 5252: 5238: 5221: 5207: 5190: 5184: 5171:The Muckrakers 5165: 5151: 5136: 5126:(2): 217–239. 5115: 5102: 5088: 5075: 5061: 5044: 5038: 5023: 5010: 4996: 4983: 4977: 4958: 4952: 4933: 4919: 4906: 4893: 4887: 4868: 4863:978-0060118136 4862: 4847: 4841: 4822: 4816: 4797: 4783: 4770: 4764: 4745: 4718: 4699: 4685: 4670: 4656: 4643: 4620: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4602: 4587: 4585:, p. 225. 4575: 4558: 4546: 4530:"Enough Money" 4520: 4503: 4501:, p. 665. 4491: 4476: 4461: 4444: 4432: 4420: 4398: 4386: 4374: 4359: 4344: 4342:, p. 271. 4332: 4320: 4308: 4304:Barringer 1999 4296: 4294:, p. vii. 4284: 4272: 4260: 4248: 4246:, p. 217. 4233: 4208: 4196: 4184: 4172: 4170:, p. 139. 4160: 4148: 4136: 4134:, p. 202. 4124: 4112: 4087: 4085:, p. 192. 4075: 4073:, p. 190. 4060: 4048: 4036: 4015: 4013:, p. 180. 4003: 4001:, p. 219. 3991: 3989:, p. 181. 3974: 3962: 3947: 3928: 3926:, p. 263. 3916: 3904: 3857: 3845: 3818: 3806: 3794: 3755: 3743: 3741:, p. 215. 3731: 3729:, p. 208. 3719: 3717:, pp. 65. 3707: 3695: 3676: 3674:, p. 157. 3664: 3647: 3630: 3618: 3606: 3604:, p. 184. 3594: 3579: 3567: 3565:, p. 209. 3552: 3540: 3519: 3517:, p. 115. 3507: 3505:, p. 110. 3495: 3493:, p. 104. 3480: 3449: 3434: 3422: 3410: 3395: 3380: 3365: 3363:, p. 177. 3350: 3338: 3326: 3314: 3302: 3300:, p. 175. 3290: 3278: 3241: 3222: 3203: 3188: 3181: 3160: 3145: 3143:, p. 140. 3133: 3121: 3109: 3097: 3085: 3054: 3042: 3017: 2996: 2994:, p. 222. 2984: 2982:, pp. 28. 2972: 2960: 2958:, p. 124. 2948: 2936: 2934:, p. 123. 2924: 2912: 2910:, p. 114. 2900: 2879: 2867: 2850: 2835: 2820: 2808: 2796: 2784: 2761: 2749: 2732: 2720: 2708: 2696: 2675: 2663: 2644: 2630: 2610: 2598: 2596:, pp. 58. 2586: 2574: 2559: 2533: 2521: 2496: 2467: 2446: 2425: 2410: 2395: 2358: 2332: 2307: 2292: 2290:, p. 211. 2275: 2273:, p. xiv. 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2244: 2243: 2235: 2232: 2231: 2230: 2223: 2216: 2209: 2202: 2195: 2188: 2181: 2174: 2167: 2160: 2153: 2146: 2139: 2132: 2125: 2118: 2111: 2104: 2097: 2090: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2067: 2061: 2048: 2037: 2026: 2015: 2004: 1993: 1982: 1971: 1960: 1949: 1938: 1923: 1918:Father Abraham 1912: 1895: 1884: 1869: 1852: 1831: 1816: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1785:Selected works 1783: 1751: 1748: 1723:cherry picking 1710: 1707: 1700:Upton Sinclair 1673:, in her book 1619: 1616: 1582:Viola Roseboro 1567:Elbert H. Gary 1543:Brush Club of 1539: 1536: 1528:Robert Lansing 1524:Woodrow Wilson 1494:Woodrow Wilson 1477: 1474: 1459:Taylor Society 1455:home economics 1384:Mary Livermore 1370: 1367: 1337:and stayed at 1281: 1276: 1224:(FTC) in 1914. 1064: 1061: 1033:Samuel Clemens 1008:Headquarters. 978: 975: 931:John H. Finley 882: 879: 846:, the home of 820: 817: 746:Samuel McClure 735: 730: 680:France Adorée, 611:Impressionists 582: 579: 504: 501: 442:Mary Livermore 393:Venango County 334:, a member of 332:Walter Raleigh 318: 315: 218:, chairman of 123: 122: 115: 111: 110: 108: 107: 104: 101: 97: 95: 91: 90: 84:(aged 86) 78: 74: 73: 68:Hatch Hollow, 55: 51: 50: 47: 39: 38: 35: 26: 18:Ida M. Tarbell 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7933: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7813: 7811: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7742:Patricia Bath 7740: 7739: 7737: 7733: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7711:Emily Howland 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7683: 7681: 7677: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7665:Toni Morrison 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7642: 7640: 7636: 7632: 7625: 7621: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7561:Gloria Allred 7559: 7558: 7556: 7552: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7530:Aimee Mullins 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7500:Matilda Cuomo 7498: 7497: 7495: 7491: 7485: 7484:Eleanor Smeal 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7449:Martha Graham 7447: 7445: 7444:Nancy Brinker 7442: 7440: 7437: 7436: 7434: 7430: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7418:Anna Schwartz 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7380: 7378: 7374: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7314: 7312: 7308: 7304: 7297: 7293: 7279: 7278:Kate Stoneman 7276: 7274: 7273:Susan Solomon 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7230: 7228: 7224: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7197:Winona LaDuke 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7174: 7172: 7168: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7126:Betty Bumpers 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7113: 7111: 7107: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7095:Anne Sullivan 7093: 7091: 7088: 7086: 7083: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7042: 7040: 7036: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6995: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6963:Althea Gibson 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6925: 6923: 6919: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6802: 6798: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6773:Florence Wald 6771: 6769: 6768:Beverly Sills 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6738:Shannon Lucid 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6680: 6678: 6674: 6668: 6667:Edith Wharton 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6614: 6612: 6608: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6596:Pat Schroeder 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6507: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6490:Oprah Winfrey 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6470:Wilma Rudolph 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6390:Myra Bradwell 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6371: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6324:Elaine Roulet 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6234:Betty Friedan 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6191: 6189: 6185: 6179: 6176: 6175: 6173: 6169: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6138: 6134: 6127: 6123: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6079: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6059: 6057: 6053: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6032: 6026: 6025:Lucretia Mott 6023: 6021: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6011: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5996: 5994: 5990: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5975: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5958: 5954: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5915: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5903:Margaret Mead 5901: 5899: 5898:Abigail Adams 5896: 5895: 5893: 5889: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5822:Rachel Carson 5820: 5818: 5817:Pearl S. Buck 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5784: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5767: 5763: 5759: 5751: 5746: 5744: 5739: 5737: 5732: 5731: 5728: 5720:from Wikidata 5719: 5718: 5706: 5702: 5701: 5689: 5685: 5684: 5672: 5668: 5667: 5655: 5654: 5651: 5645: 5638: 5634: 5631: 5628: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5610: 5607: 5599: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5577: 5574: 5571: 5566: 5562: 5559: 5554: 5550: 5549: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5525: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5481:9780062796646 5477: 5473: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5456: 5450: 5446: 5441: 5440: 5418: 5414: 5402: 5398: 5386: 5382: 5371: 5367: 5366:"Ida Tarbell" 5363: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5331: 5327: 5316: 5312: 5311:"Ida Tarbell" 5308: 5296: 5292: 5291:allegheny.edu 5288: 5284: 5280: 5273: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5239:9780671710897 5235: 5231: 5227: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5204: 5199: 5198: 5191: 5187: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5172: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5148: 5144: 5143: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5085: 5081: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5058: 5053: 5052: 5045: 5041: 5035: 5031: 5030: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4993: 4989: 4984: 4980: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4965: 4959: 4955: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4940: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4916: 4912: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4894: 4890: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4875: 4869: 4865: 4859: 4855: 4854: 4848: 4844: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4829: 4823: 4819: 4817:9781416547860 4813: 4809: 4805: 4804: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4784:9780312089443 4780: 4776: 4771: 4767: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4752: 4746: 4734: 4730: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4706: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4682: 4678: 4677: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4653: 4649: 4644: 4632: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4617: 4612: 4611: 4598: 4591: 4584: 4579: 4572: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4555: 4550: 4535: 4531: 4524: 4517: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4500: 4495: 4488: 4483: 4481: 4474:, p. 99. 4473: 4468: 4466: 4458: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4442:, p. xi. 4441: 4436: 4429: 4424: 4408: 4402: 4395: 4390: 4384:, p. xv. 4383: 4378: 4372:, p. 16. 4371: 4370:Keppeler 2019 4366: 4364: 4357:, p. 27. 4356: 4351: 4349: 4341: 4336: 4330:, p. xi. 4329: 4328:Weinberg 2008 4324: 4317: 4312: 4305: 4300: 4293: 4288: 4281: 4276: 4269: 4264: 4257: 4252: 4245: 4240: 4238: 4230: 4225: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4206:, p. 13. 4205: 4200: 4194:, p. 15. 4193: 4188: 4181: 4176: 4169: 4164: 4157: 4152: 4145: 4140: 4133: 4128: 4122:, p. 83. 4121: 4116: 4109: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4084: 4079: 4072: 4067: 4065: 4058:, p. 80. 4057: 4052: 4045: 4040: 4033: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4012: 4007: 4000: 3995: 3988: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3971: 3966: 3959: 3954: 3952: 3944: 3943:Weinberg 2008 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3925: 3924:Weinberg 2008 3920: 3914:, p. 72. 3913: 3908: 3901: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3855:, p. 65. 3854: 3849: 3842: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3815: 3810: 3804:, p. 63. 3803: 3798: 3791: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3752: 3747: 3740: 3735: 3728: 3723: 3716: 3711: 3704: 3699: 3692: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3673: 3668: 3661: 3660:Weinberg 2008 3656: 3654: 3652: 3644: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3627: 3622: 3615: 3614:Weinberg 2008 3610: 3603: 3598: 3592:, p. 65. 3591: 3586: 3584: 3576: 3575:Weinberg 2008 3571: 3564: 3559: 3557: 3549: 3548:Weinberg 2008 3544: 3537: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3516: 3511: 3504: 3499: 3492: 3487: 3485: 3477: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3446: 3441: 3439: 3432:, p. 99. 3431: 3426: 3420:, p. 44. 3419: 3414: 3408:, p. 69. 3407: 3402: 3400: 3393:, p. 95. 3392: 3387: 3385: 3377: 3376:Weinberg 2008 3372: 3370: 3362: 3361:Weinberg 2008 3357: 3355: 3348:, p. 93. 3347: 3342: 3336:, p. 92. 3335: 3330: 3324:, p. 40. 3323: 3318: 3312:, p. 91. 3311: 3306: 3299: 3298:Weinberg 2008 3294: 3288:, p. 42. 3287: 3282: 3275: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3238: 3237:Weinberg 2008 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3219: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3200: 3199:Weinberg 2008 3195: 3193: 3184: 3178: 3174: 3167: 3165: 3158:, p. 76. 3157: 3152: 3150: 3142: 3141:Weinberg 2008 3137: 3131:, p. 33. 3130: 3125: 3119:, p. 83. 3118: 3113: 3106: 3105:Weinberg 2008 3101: 3094: 3089: 3082: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3052:, p. 31. 3051: 3046: 3039: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3014: 3013:Weinberg 2008 3009: 3007: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2993: 2992:Randolph 1999 2988: 2981: 2976: 2969: 2964: 2957: 2956:Weinberg 2008 2952: 2945: 2944:Weinberg 2008 2940: 2933: 2932:Weinberg 2008 2928: 2922:, p. 26. 2921: 2916: 2909: 2908:Weinberg 2008 2904: 2897: 2896:Weinberg 2008 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2876: 2871: 2864: 2863:Randolph 1999 2859: 2857: 2855: 2847: 2845: 2839: 2832: 2830: 2824: 2818:, p. 94. 2817: 2816:Weinberg 2008 2812: 2806:, p. 93. 2805: 2804:Weinberg 2008 2800: 2793: 2788: 2781: 2780:Weinberg 2008 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2759:, p. 21. 2758: 2753: 2746: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2730:, p. 72. 2729: 2728:Weinberg 2008 2724: 2717: 2716:Weinberg 2008 2712: 2706:, p. 71. 2705: 2704:Weinberg 2008 2700: 2693: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2672: 2667: 2660: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2633: 2627: 2623: 2622: 2614: 2607: 2606:Weinberg 2008 2602: 2595: 2594:Weinberg 2008 2590: 2584:, p. 11. 2583: 2578: 2571: 2566: 2564: 2547: 2543: 2537: 2530: 2525: 2518: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2493: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2464: 2463:Weinberg 2008 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2443: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2422: 2417: 2415: 2407: 2406:Weinberg 2008 2402: 2400: 2392: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2347: 2343: 2342:"Pen + Brush" 2336: 2321: 2317: 2311: 2305:, p. 89. 2304: 2299: 2297: 2289: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2272: 2271:Weinberg 2008 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2256: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2228: 2224: 2221: 2217: 2214: 2210: 2207: 2203: 2200: 2196: 2193: 2189: 2186: 2182: 2179: 2175: 2172: 2168: 2165: 2161: 2158: 2154: 2151: 2147: 2144: 2140: 2137: 2133: 2130: 2126: 2123: 2119: 2116: 2112: 2109: 2105: 2102: 2098: 2095: 2091: 2088: 2084: 2083: 2073: 2068: 2064: 2062:0-518-19069-2 2058: 2054: 2049: 2045: 2044: 2038: 2034: 2033: 2027: 2023: 2022: 2016: 2012: 2011: 2005: 2001: 2000: 1994: 1990: 1989: 1983: 1979: 1978: 1972: 1968: 1967: 1961: 1957: 1956: 1950: 1946: 1945: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1930: 1924: 1920: 1919: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1892: 1891: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1876: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1850: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1823: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1803: 1802:S. S. McClure 1799: 1794: 1793: 1782: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1772: 1771:Drunk History 1767: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1747: 1744: 1743:partners desk 1740: 1736: 1732: 1727: 1724: 1719: 1715: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1688: 1686: 1685: 1680: 1679:Daniel Yergin 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1615: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1589: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1550: 1546: 1545:Gramercy Park 1535: 1531: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1516: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1482: 1473: 1469: 1467: 1466:Authors Guild 1462: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1423: 1422: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1398: 1392: 1389: 1385: 1375: 1366: 1364: 1360: 1354: 1351: 1347: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1326: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1287: 1280: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1229: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1206: 1201: 1200: 1195: 1187: 1182: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1162: 1157: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1108: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1093: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 1002: 996: 992: 988: 984: 983:United States 974: 972: 968: 963: 959: 957: 953: 948: 946: 945: 940: 936: 932: 926: 924: 920: 916: 910: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 878: 875: 870: 868: 867:Smith College 864: 860: 856: 851: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 832: 827: 816: 814: 810: 806: 805: 799: 795: 790: 789:Louis Pasteur 786: 785: 780: 775: 773: 769: 765: 760: 758: 756: 751: 747: 741: 734: 725: 721: 717: 713: 711: 706: 704: 700: 699: 694: 693:Madame Roland 690: 689: 686: 681: 677: 676: 671: 670: 665: 664: 654: 650: 646: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 578: 575: 574:Madame Roland 571: 565: 562: 556: 554: 550: 545: 542: 538: 534: 530: 525: 522: 518: 509: 500: 496: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 473: 471: 466: 461: 453: 449: 447: 443: 439: 438: 433: 432:the Civil War 429: 428: 423: 422: 417: 416: 411: 406: 403: 398: 394: 389: 387: 383: 378: 376: 371: 368: 364: 359: 356: 355:Panic of 1857 347: 343: 341: 340:scarlet fever 337: 333: 328: 324: 314: 312: 308: 303: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 276: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 249: 244: 240: 236: 231: 229: 225: 224:Owen D. Young 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 200:Madame Roland 196: 194: 190: 186: 183:of 1906, the 182: 178: 174: 173:Daniel Yergin 169: 168: 163: 161: 156: 151: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 121: 120: 116: 114:Notable works 112: 105: 102: 99: 98: 96: 92: 88: 79: 75: 71: 56: 52: 45: 40: 33: 30: 19: 7906:Standard Oil 7772:Loretta Ross 7747:Ruby Bridges 7691:Judy Chicago 7586:Rose O'Neill 7566:Angela Davis 7545:Alice Waters 7540:Janet Rowley 7535:Carol Mutter 7423:Emma Willard 7403:Nancy Pelosi 7398:Kate Millett 7263:Ruth Patrick 7258:Emma Lazarus 7243:Karen DeCrow 7238:Mildred Cohn 6933:Lucille Ball 6907:Eudora Welty 6886: 6882:Sophia Smith 6867:Kate Mullany 6723:Sarah Grimké 6688:Maya Angelou 6521:Ann Bancroft 6500:Fanny Wright 6420:Grace Hopper 6344:Lillian Wald 6299:Annie Oakley 6279:Mary Mahoney 6103:Mary Risteau 6093:Willa Cather 6046:Bessie Smith 5924:Dorothea Dix 5852:Helen Keller 5827:Mary Cassatt 5802:Clara Barton 5715: 5698: 5681: 5669:from Commons 5664: 5643: 5637:Find a Grave 5613:Open Library 5560:at Wikiquote 5519: 5501: 5471: 5444: 5424:. Retrieved 5405:. Retrieved 5389:. Retrieved 5373:. Retrieved 5369: 5354:. Retrieved 5349: 5334:. Retrieved 5318:. Retrieved 5314: 5299:. Retrieved 5295:the original 5290: 5270:– via 5264:. Retrieved 5259: 5225: 5196: 5170: 5141: 5123: 5119: 5110: 5079: 5050: 5028: 5018: 4987: 4963: 4938: 4910: 4901: 4873: 4852: 4827: 4806:. New York: 4802: 4774: 4750: 4737:. Retrieved 4733:the original 4726: 4704: 4675: 4647: 4635:. Retrieved 4628: 4596: 4590: 4578: 4549: 4537:. Retrieved 4533: 4523: 4494: 4487:McCully 2014 4435: 4423: 4411:. Retrieved 4401: 4389: 4377: 4340:MacLeod 2018 4335: 4323: 4316:Goodwin 2013 4311: 4299: 4287: 4275: 4263: 4251: 4244:McCully 2014 4229:McCully 2014 4199: 4187: 4182:, p. 5. 4175: 4163: 4158:, p. 6. 4151: 4139: 4132:McCully 2014 4127: 4115: 4083:McCully 2014 4078: 4071:McCully 2014 4051: 4044:Stinson 1979 4039: 4011:McCully 2014 4006: 3999:Stinson 1979 3994: 3987:McCully 2014 3965: 3919: 3907: 3900:McCully 2014 3848: 3814:Tarbell 1939 3809: 3797: 3746: 3734: 3722: 3710: 3703:Steiger 2008 3698: 3672:McCully 2014 3667: 3643:McCully 2014 3621: 3609: 3597: 3570: 3543: 3536:McCully 2014 3515:McCully 2014 3510: 3503:McCully 2014 3498: 3491:McCully 2014 3476:McCully 2014 3430:McCully 2014 3425: 3413: 3391:McCully 2014 3346:McCully 2014 3341: 3334:McCully 2014 3329: 3317: 3310:McCully 2014 3305: 3293: 3281: 3274:McCully 2014 3218:McCully 2014 3172: 3156:McCully 2014 3136: 3124: 3117:McCully 2014 3112: 3100: 3093:McCully 2014 3088: 3081:McCully 2014 3045: 2987: 2975: 2968:McCully 2014 2963: 2951: 2939: 2927: 2915: 2903: 2875:McCully 2014 2870: 2848:, p. 4. 2843: 2838: 2833:, p. 5. 2828: 2823: 2811: 2799: 2787: 2752: 2745:Stinson 1979 2723: 2711: 2699: 2666: 2637:December 19, 2635:. Retrieved 2620: 2613: 2601: 2589: 2582:McCully 2014 2577: 2550:. Retrieved 2545: 2536: 2531:, p. 5. 2529:McCully 2014 2524: 2442:McCully 2014 2421:Tarbell 1939 2349:. Retrieved 2345: 2335: 2323:. Retrieved 2319: 2310: 2226: 2219: 2212: 2205: 2198: 2191: 2184: 2177: 2170: 2163: 2156: 2149: 2142: 2135: 2128: 2121: 2114: 2107: 2100: 2093: 2086: 2071: 2052: 2042: 2031: 2020: 2009: 1998: 1987: 1976: 1965: 1954: 1943: 1932:. New York: 1928: 1917: 1899: 1889: 1878:. New York: 1874: 1856: 1841:. New York: 1838: 1825:. New York: 1821: 1800:. New York: 1797: 1780:John Gabrus. 1769: 1768: 1759: 1755: 1753: 1734: 1730: 1728: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1704: 1689: 1682: 1674: 1662: 1659: 1641:In 1993 the 1640: 1627: 1623: 1621: 1605: 1603:until 1936. 1600: 1596: 1590: 1586: 1575: 1564: 1559: 1555: 1553: 1541: 1538:Later career 1532: 1519: 1517: 1502: 1487: 1470: 1463: 1443: 1433:of Prussia, 1425:examples of 1419: 1417: 1404: 1402: 1396: 1393: 1380: 1355: 1345: 1343: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1317: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1285: 1283: 1278: 1260: 1252: 1247:the label, " 1234: 1203: 1197: 1191: 1185: 1171:Standard Oil 1164: 1159: 1156:journalism. 1141: 1133: 1112: 1109: 1099: 1097: 1089: 1077:Standard Oil 1072: 1068: 1066: 1063:Standard Oil 1056: 1053:Willa Cather 1040: 1037: 1020: 1018: 1014:Rough Riders 1000: 989:through the 980: 964: 960: 955: 951: 949: 942: 939:Standard Oil 927: 922: 911: 903:John Nicolay 898: 890: 886: 884: 873: 871: 852: 835: 829: 822: 812: 803: 783: 778: 776: 771: 761: 753: 749: 743: 732: 718: 714: 707: 696: 687: 684: 679: 673: 667: 661: 659: 647: 642: 635:Moulin Rouge 590: 586: 584: 566: 560: 557: 552: 546: 528: 526: 521:Poland, Ohio 514: 503:Early career 497: 492: 484: 474: 462: 458: 436: 426: 420: 413: 407: 390: 379: 372: 360: 352: 320: 304: 277: 256: 252: 246: 242: 232: 197: 177:Standard Oil 165: 158: 155:Pennsylvania 152: 127: 126: 117: 82:(1944-01-06) 29: 7821:1944 deaths 7816:1857 births 7777:Sandy Stone 7721:Indra Nooyi 7393:Julie Krone 7192:Swanee Hunt 7182:Julia Child 7146:Maya Y. Lin 7019:Bertha Holt 6953:Dorothy Day 6887:Ida Tarbell 6852:Jeanne Holm 6581:Maggie Kuhn 6380:Bella Abzug 6269:Mae Jemison 6239:Ella Grasso 6229:Alice Evans 6219:Ruth Colvin 5847:Helen Hayes 5787:Jane Addams 5644:Ida Tarbell 5633:Ida Tarbell 5570:Ida Tarbell 5558:Ida Tarbell 5301:January 20, 5266:January 20, 4739:January 21, 4268:Baadke 2016 3727:Conway 1993 3626:Conway 1993 3563:Conway 1993 2671:Conway 1993 2320:PEN + BRUSH 2303:Yergin 1991 2288:Conway 1993 2101:Chautauquan 2094:Chautauquan 2087:Chautauquan 1741:chair at a 1608:Colony Club 1490:World War I 1476:World War I 1441:of France. 1429:of Russia, 1335:Jane Addams 1257:John Bunyan 1210:Hepburn Act 1049:Jack London 987:imperialism 701:during the 288:World War I 261:world peace 181:Hepburn Act 36:Ida Tarbell 7810:Categories 7576:Jane Fonda 7571:Sarah Deer 7383:Betty Ford 6872:Janet Reno 6718:Gerty Cori 6693:Nellie Bly 6385:Ella Baker 6304:Rosa Parks 6098:Sally Ride 6067:Lucy Stone 5934:Alice Paul 5683:Quotations 5538:2001058727 5529:1883846870 5490:2019018623 5454:0399310231 5426:August 17, 5391:August 10, 5375:August 10, 4583:Brady 1984 4571:Brady 1984 4472:Brady 1984 4413:August 15, 4355:Green 2004 3739:Hawke 1980 3602:Doran 2016 3590:Roush 2012 2570:Brady 1984 2247:References 2227:Delineator 1827:Scribner's 1363:Henry Ford 1339:Hull House 1319:Mark Twain 1297:(formerly 1249:muckrakers 1235:President 1184:Tarbell's 1154:muckraking 1142:McClure's; 1117:Mark Twain 977:Editorship 971:water cure 897:, on whom 794:Émile Zola 738:See also: 685:Scribner's 672:, and the 639:Mark Twain 613:including 601:, and the 549:Cincinnati 493:the Mosaic 367:oil fields 220:U.S. Steel 140:muckrakers 136:biographer 106:journalist 94:Occupation 62:1857-11-05 7706:Joy Harjo 7628:2020–2029 7300:2010–2019 7090:Sacagawea 6837:Mary Dyer 6805:2000–2009 6274:Mary Lyon 6130:1990–1999 5961:1980–1989 5770:1970–1979 5407:August 9, 5336:March 12, 5332:. Pbs.org 5320:August 9, 5248:912183566 5217:154706823 5006:816499010 4793:795466623 4714:654277207 4666:941779344 4637:August 9, 3751:Dion 2011 3691:King 2012 3406:Cook 1972 2552:April 11, 2546:The Attic 2252:Citations 1880:Macmillan 1735:McClure's 1632:pneumonia 1520:McClure's 1447:Taylorism 1291:McClure's 1286:McClure's 1253:McClure's 1134:McClure’s 1073:McClure's 1069:McClure's 1057:McClure's 1041:McClure's 1021:McClure's 1006:U.S. Army 952:McClure's 923:McClure's 887:McClure's 840:Twin Oaks 836:McClure's 813:McClure's 779:McClure's 772:McClure's 755:McClure's 740:McClure's 167:McClure's 7701:Mia Hamm 5598:LibriVox 5510:93041331 5463:83027176 5356:June 13, 5132:20091149 5098:48544440 5071:47098939 4929:29314013 4695:27380188 4499:Lim 2018 2234:See also 1837:(1898). 1739:bentwood 1610:and the 1361:founder 1045:O. Henry 907:John Hay 885:Another 874:McClure' 757:Magazine 688:Magazine 627:Van Gogh 603:Sorbonne 595:Panthéon 307:feminist 204:Napoleon 153:Born in 5625:at the 5587:at the 4607:Sources 2351:July 2, 2325:July 2, 1348:to the 899:Century 633:at the 631:Can-can 273:tariffs 235:tariffs 222:, and 100:Teacher 5536: 5526: 5508: 5488: 5478: 5461: 5451: 5246: 5236: 5215: 5205: 5182: 5161:668058 5159: 5149: 5130: 5096: 5086: 5069: 5059: 5036: 5004: 4994: 4975: 4950: 4927: 4917: 4885: 4860: 4839: 4814: 4791: 4781: 4762: 4712: 4693: 4683: 4664: 4654: 4539:May 7, 3179: 2628: 2242:(1879) 2059: 1051:, and 1029:France 800:, and 768:Geneva 666:, the 625:, and 424:, and 327:joiner 269:trusts 103:writer 89:, U.S. 72:, U.S. 5700:Texts 5666:Media 5420:(PDF) 5128:JSTOR 1790:Books 1085:Milan 1001:Maine 698:salon 623:Manet 619:Monet 615:Degas 7735:2024 7679:2022 7638:2020 7554:2019 7493:2017 7432:2015 7376:2013 7310:2011 7226:2009 7170:2007 7109:2005 7038:2003 6997:2002 6921:2001 6815:2000 6676:1998 6610:1996 6509:1995 6373:1994 6187:1993 6171:1991 6140:1990 6081:1988 6055:1986 6034:1984 6013:1983 5992:1982 5971:1981 5917:1979 5891:1976 5780:1973 5717:Data 5534:LCCN 5524:ISBN 5506:LCCN 5486:LCCN 5476:ISBN 5459:LCCN 5449:ISBN 5428:2016 5409:2018 5393:2018 5377:2018 5358:2018 5338:2012 5322:2018 5303:2019 5268:2019 5244:OCLC 5234:ISBN 5213:OCLC 5203:ISBN 5180:ISBN 5157:OCLC 5147:ISBN 5094:OCLC 5084:ISBN 5067:OCLC 5057:ISBN 5034:ISBN 5002:OCLC 4992:ISBN 4973:ISBN 4948:ISBN 4925:OCLC 4915:ISBN 4883:ISBN 4858:ISBN 4837:ISBN 4812:ISBN 4789:OCLC 4779:ISBN 4760:ISBN 4741:2019 4710:OCLC 4691:OCLC 4681:ISBN 4662:OCLC 4652:ISBN 4639:2018 4541:2022 4415:2020 3177:ISBN 2846:1944 2831:1912 2639:2012 2626:ISBN 2554:2019 2353:2021 2327:2021 2057:ISBN 1437:and 1411:and 1386:and 1243:and 1148:and 999:USS 913:son 905:and 804:fils 572:and 444:and 245:and 202:and 77:Died 54:Born 5635:at 5611:at 5596:at 5578:at 5124:101 1904:hdl 1861:hdl 1806:hdl 1653:in 1259:'s 1083:in 1081:spa 861:of 842:in 535:at 519:in 7812:: 5532:. 5484:. 5457:. 5368:. 5348:. 5313:. 5289:. 5258:. 5242:. 5232:. 5211:. 5178:. 5155:. 5122:. 5109:. 5092:. 5065:. 5017:. 5000:. 4971:. 4946:. 4923:. 4900:. 4881:. 4835:. 4810:. 4787:. 4758:. 4725:. 4689:. 4660:. 4627:. 4561:^ 4532:. 4506:^ 4479:^ 4464:^ 4447:^ 4362:^ 4347:^ 4236:^ 4211:^ 4090:^ 4063:^ 4018:^ 3977:^ 3950:^ 3931:^ 3860:^ 3821:^ 3758:^ 3679:^ 3650:^ 3633:^ 3582:^ 3555:^ 3522:^ 3483:^ 3452:^ 3437:^ 3398:^ 3383:^ 3368:^ 3353:^ 3244:^ 3225:^ 3206:^ 3191:^ 3163:^ 3148:^ 3057:^ 3020:^ 2999:^ 2882:^ 2853:^ 2764:^ 2735:^ 2678:^ 2647:^ 2562:^ 2544:. 2499:^ 2470:^ 2449:^ 2428:^ 2413:^ 2398:^ 2361:^ 2344:. 2318:. 2295:^ 2278:^ 2259:^ 1804:. 1614:. 1562:. 1468:. 1107:. 1059:. 1047:, 834:, 796:, 621:, 617:, 597:, 495:. 448:. 418:, 388:. 313:. 271:, 267:, 263:, 237:, 230:. 195:. 150:. 134:, 5749:e 5742:t 5735:v 5652:: 5540:. 5512:. 5492:. 5465:. 5430:. 5411:. 5395:. 5379:. 5360:. 5340:. 5324:. 5305:. 5274:. 5250:. 5219:. 5188:. 5163:. 5134:. 5113:. 5100:. 5073:. 5042:. 5021:. 5008:. 4981:. 4956:. 4931:. 4904:. 4891:. 4866:. 4845:. 4820:. 4795:. 4768:. 4743:. 4716:. 4697:. 4668:. 4641:. 4543:. 4417:. 4318:. 4306:. 4270:. 4258:. 4146:. 3753:. 3705:. 3693:. 3447:. 3185:. 2865:. 2794:. 2661:. 2641:. 2572:. 2556:. 2423:. 2393:. 2355:. 2329:. 2065:. 1936:. 1910:. 1906:: 1882:. 1867:. 1863:: 1845:. 1829:. 1814:. 1808:: 162:. 64:) 60:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index