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Centers were structured in a decentralized manner. Each center functioned as an integral part of the IBM organization in its respective region or country. This organization also financed the center and ultimately determined its content and strategic direction.The task of an IBM Scientific Center was to contribute with its research, its expertise and its cooperation projects for the benefit of the respective country and thus to contribute to the reputation of IBM in this country or this region.
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31:
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for business, academic and society. The Lab funds approximately 50 projects per year, which are co-led by principal investigators from MIT and IBM Research, with results published regularly at top peer-reviewed journals and conferences. Projects range from computer vision, natural language processing and reinforcement learning, to devising new ways to ensure that AI systems are fair, reliable and secure.
1220:
research institutions were an important part of IBM's mission for the scientific centers. Because of this, the spectrum of activities of such a center was often very broad. For example, some research groups could deal with topics that can be assigned to basic or product-oriented research, while others dealt with application-oriented research topics, for example satellite-based soil classification.
828:, interactive content, healthcare analytics and services research, multimedia analytics, and genomics. The lab was headed by several directors over its 10 years lifespan, including Vice President , Joanna Batstone and Professor Iven Mareels. It was to be the companyâs first laboratory combining research and development in a single organisation.
1130:, Switzerland. The lab moved to its own campus in neighboring RĂŒschlikon in 1962. The ZĂŒrich lab is staffed by a multicultural and interdisciplinary team of a few hundred permanent research staff members, graduate students and post-doctoral fellows, representing about 45 nationalities. Collocated with the lab is a
885:'s ninth at the time of opening and first in 12 years, underscores the growing importance of emerging markets and the globalization of innovation. In collaboration with Brazil's government, it will help IBM to develop technology systems around natural resource development and large-scale events such as the
937:
was appointed the founding director of TRL in 1982; he served as director until 1986. JSI was renamed to the IBM Tokyo
Research Laboratory in 1986. In 1988, English-to-Japanese machine translation system called "System for Human-Assisted Language Translation" (SHALT) was developed at TRL. It was used
580:
In 2017, IBM invested $ 240 million to create the MITâIBM Watson AI Lab. Headquartered in
Cambridge, MA, the Lab is a unique joint research venture in artificial intelligence established by IBM and MIT and brings together researchers in academia and industry to advance AI that has a real world impact
1219:
While the research laboratories of the IBM Research
Division had to be very restrictive with regard to scientific cooperation projects with non-IBM institutions for patent reasons and other reasons, technical-scientific and application-oriented cooperation projects with universities and other public
1215:
In addition to the IBM Research
Division, the IBM Scientific Centers, which were active in various functions from 1964 to the early 1990s, were another remarkable research unit. In contrast to the central control of the Research Division from the headquarters in Armonk in the USA, the IBM Scientific
1223:
Descriptions of the thematic focus and research projects as well as a selection of references to the scientific publications of the individual centers, as far as they were still alive in 1989, can be found in. A comprehensive description of the evolution, projects, and success stories of the IBM
997:
TRL researchers are responsible for numerous breakthroughs in sciences and engineering. The researchers have presented multiple papers at international conferences, and published numerous papers in international journals. They have also contributed to the products and services of IBM, and patent
1099:
The researchers at the Lab are involved in special projects with academic institutions across Israel, the United States, and Europe, and actively participate in numerous consortiums as part of the EU Horizon 2020 programme. Today in 2020, the Lab describes itself as having the highest number of
1065:
IBM Research â Haifa, previously known as the Haifa
Research Lab (HRL) was founded as a small scientific center in 1972. Since then, it has grown into a major lab that leads the development of innovative technologies and solutions for the IBM corporation. The labâs offices are situated in three
1183:
The ZĂŒrich lab focus areas are future chip technologies; nanotechnology; data storage; quantum computing, brain-inspired computing; security and privacy; risk and compliance; business optimization and transformation; server systems. The ZĂŒrich laboratory is involved in many joint projects with
913:
The IBM Research â Tokyo, which was called IBM Tokyo
Research Laboratory (TRL) before January 2009, is one of IBM's twelve major worldwide research laboratories. It is a branch of IBM Research, and about 200 researchers work for TRL. Established in 1982 as the Japan Science Institute (JSI) in
1195:
The research projects pursued at the IBM ZĂŒrich lab are organized into four scientific and technical departments: Science & Technology, Cloud and AI Systems
Research, Cognitive Computing & Industry Solutions and Security Research. The lab is currently managed by Alessandro Curioni.
1081:
IBM Research â Haifa employs researchers in a range of areas. Research projects are being executed today in areas such as artificial intelligence, hybrid cloud, quantum computing, blockchain, IoT, quality, cybersecurity, and industry domains such as healthcare.
1184:
universities throughout Europe, in research programs established by the
European Union and the Swiss government, and in cooperation agreements with research institutes of industrial partners. One of the lab's most high-profile projects is called
1227:
The history of the IBM Scientific
Centers began in 1964 with the founding of the first four centers in the USA (marked with * in the list below) and has subsequently grown to 26 centers worldwide in 1989. Their story ended in the early 1990s.
2625:
1100:
employees in Israel's hi-tech industry who hold advanced degrees in science, electrical engineering, mathematics, or related fields. Researchers participate in international conferences and are published in professional publications.
904:
applied to the development of the smarter devices for the intermittent production industry. This technology can be applied to, for example, blood testing or recovering oil from existing fields. And the last one is smarter cities."
1038:, and support their research programs. IBM donates its equipment such as servers, storage systems, and so forth to the Japanese universities to support their research programs under the Shared University Research (SUR) program.
2458:
2609:
2466:
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1041:
In 1987, IBM Japan
Science Prize was created to recognize researchers, who are not over 45 years old, working at Japanese universities or public research institutes. It is awarded in
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and other collaborative academic institutions. Today, the research division is still the largest tenant of the site, but the majority of occupants work for other divisions of IBM.
1318:
1749:
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rays. In 1996, Java JIT compiler was developed at TRL, and it was released for major IBM platforms. Numerous other technological breakthroughs were made at TRL.
2315:
1115:
IBM Research â Zurich (previously called IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, ZRL) is the European branch of IBM Research. It was opened in 1956 and is located in
896:, involving oil and gas, mining and agricultural sectors. The second is the social data analytics segment that comprises the analysis of data generated from
1528:
2163:
1840:
72:, with operations in over 170 countries. IBM Research is the largest industrial research organization in the world and has twelve labs on six continents.
2586:
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2105:
2024:
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3234:
head of Watson Scientific Computation Laboratory at Columbia University, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota (archived 12 August 2002)
1613:
3495:
1990:
1788:
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2915:
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The ZĂŒrich lab is world-renowned for its scientific achievementsâmost notably Nobel Prizes in physics in 1986 and 1987 for the invention of the
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1862:
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computer system. Subdivisions included the Advanced Systems Development Division. Directors of the center include hard disc drive developer
238:, methods for managing, searching and deriving meaning from data and in turning IBM's advanced services methodologies into reusable assets.
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2055:
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Engineer and associate lab director Ulisses Mello explains that IBM has four priority areas in Brazil: "The main area is related to
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The following are some of the famous scientists who have worked in the past or are currently working in this laboratory:
121:. This was the first IBM laboratory devoted to pure science and later expanded into additional IBM Research locations in
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1969:
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629:
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television quiz show. The Watson technology is now being commercialized as part of a project with healthcare company
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2525:
126:
39:
2709:
2657:
1532:
1103:
In 2014, IBM Research announced the Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (CCoE) in Beer Sheva in collaboration with
842:
The Melbourne Research lab was closed in 2021, approximately at the same time as the deal for tax breaks from the
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Almaden occupies part of a site owned by IBM at 650 Harry Road on nearly 700 acres (2.8 km) of land in the
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701:
562:
117:
The roots of today's IBM Research began with the 1945 opening of the Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory at
1096:
In its 30th year, the IBM Haifa Research Lab in Israel moved to a new home on the University of Haifa campus.
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208:
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2418:
2200:
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2016:
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is IBM Vice President of AI Technology and serves as the Director of the IBM Research Lab in Haifa, Israel.
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970:
306:
122:
88:
820:
IBM Research â Australia was a research and development laboratory established by IBM Research in 2009 in
3860:
3752:
1605:
929:
IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory was established in 1982 as the Japan Science Institute (JSI) in SanbanchĆ,
893:
558:
446:
386:
1994:
1780:
870:. Research focuses on Industrial Technology and Science, Systems of Engagement and Insight, Social Data
657:
Scientists at IBM Almaden have contributed to several scientific discoveries such as the development of
4231:
4215:
3757:
3712:
3640:
2936:
2911:
2885:
1019:
1015:
635:
IBM opened its first West Coast research center, the San Jose Research Laboratory in 1952, managed by
227:
226:
Major undertakings at IBM Research have included the invention of innovative materials and structures,
43:
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1546:
1224:
Heidelberg Scientific Center from its very beginning and to shortly before its end can be found in.
92:
62:
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4149:
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Prompted by a need for additional space, the center moved to its present Almaden location in 1986.
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282:
181:
54:
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3916:
3790:
3118:"Advanced Information Management (AIM): Advanced database technology for integrated applications"
2377:
1891:
1575:
832:
254:
161:
2047:
1576:"IBM Archives: IBM Women in technology IBM Women in WITI Hall of Fame profile for Frances Allen"
977:
since 2009, provided basic technology for IBM's software programs for the visually handicapped,
620:. The site, built in 1985 for the research center, was chosen because of its close proximity to
4241:
4012:
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3085:
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD symposium on Principles of database systems - PODS '82
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149:
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sites , which can be applied, for example, to financial analysis. The third strategic area is
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978:
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689:
185:
141:
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1693:
643:, the first commercial moving head hard disk drive. Launched in 1956, this saw use in the
501:
IBM currently has 19 research facilities spread across 12 laboratories on six continents:
290:
273:, the question-answering computing system that won a match against human champions on the
8:
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919:
855:
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621:
533:
322:
314:
262:
118:
3080:
2583:"IBM's Brazil Research Labs Target Natural Resources, Data Analytics and Nanotechnology"
343:
There are a number of computer scientists "who made IBM Research famous." These include
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in 1993. In 1993, world record was accomplished for generation of continuous coherent
609:, services, storage systems, physical sciences, and materials science and technology.
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4285:
4179:
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4038:
3962:
3557:
3525:
3433:
3365:
3350:
3257:
3137:
3096:
3045:
3041:
The IBM Heidelberg Science Center: User Oriented Informatics and Computers in Science
3015:
2742:
2686:
2615:
1458:
1369:
1138:), an executive briefing facility demonstrating technology prototypes and solutions.
934:
897:
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773:
769:
442:
434:
270:
189:
177:
2961:
241:
IBM Research's numerous contributions to physical and computer sciences include the
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3822:
3423:
3380:
3375:
3129:
3088:
3007:
2347:
2048:"Renaissance Tech, Meet The Two Crazy New Bosses Who Might Close Two Of Your Funds"
1478:
1185:
1173:
1050:
1023:
951:
797:
789:
749:
745:
693:
685:
606:
566:
458:
454:
344:
145:
69:
3226:
2224:"Some key dates in IBM's operations in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA)"
831:
The opening of the Melbourne lab in 2011 received an injection of $ 22 million in
4246:
4159:
3982:
3921:
3567:
3490:
3360:
1485:
1452:
999:
725:
490:
418:
410:
394:
378:
137:
2804:
2734:
1931:
1497:
4295:
4169:
4164:
4125:
4053:
4007:
3926:
3635:
3515:
3289:
3281:
3117:
2995:
966:
901:
867:
805:
785:
781:
765:
729:
662:
617:
486:
482:
470:
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398:
348:
223:. It was the first time atoms had been precisely positioned on a flat surface.
200:
153:
3039:
2830:
2778:
1916:
1810:
4390:
4144:
4119:
4089:
3875:
3596:
3535:
3443:
3418:
3333:
3141:
3019:
2713:
2611:
Managing synergistic innovations through corporate global R&D, Volume 173
2285:
1961:
1664:
859:
761:
721:
705:
697:
677:
644:
406:
390:
318:
169:
35:
2738:
Managing global innovation: uncovering the secrets of future competitiveness
2348:"IBM Research Demonstrates Path for Extending Current Chip-Making Technique"
1116:
946:
TRL was shifted from downtown Tokyo to the suburbs to share a building with
103:
than any other business in each of 25 consecutive years, which is a record.
4401:
4313:
4107:
4095:
3700:
3695:
3250:
2259:
982:
825:
713:
673:
550:
402:
80:
3092:
863:
4323:
4184:
4154:
3977:
3865:
3589:
3584:
3355:
1054:
959:
809:
801:
741:
681:
658:
648:
478:
368:
364:
360:
352:
278:
250:
204:
133:
76:
3237:
3133:
3011:
2517:
1465:. Cf. chapter "Making the 'R' Yield 'D': The IBM Labs" by Robert Buderi.
918:, it was renamed to IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory in 1986, and moved to
3906:
3899:
3833:
3579:
3400:
3390:
2649:
2286:"Gathering of the Most Brilliant Minds in Energy Storage to Take Place"
1200:
1170:
1154:
1085:
1075:
974:
777:
709:
602:
589:
173:
30:
1395:"IBM Breaks Records to Top U.S. Patent List for 25th Consecutive Year"
3664:
3657:
3473:
3395:
3385:
1046:
1011:
871:
821:
414:
302:
298:
274:
231:
2735:
Boutellier, Roman; Oliver Gassmann; Maximilian von Zedtwitz (2008).
1120:
338:
4280:
4028:
3972:
3737:
3722:
3705:
3550:
3478:
3448:
3157:"Concept for a Future Ground Control Data Set for Image Correction"
1177:
1127:
1071:
1003:
846:
ended. Approximately 80 full-time researchers were made redundant.
757:
450:
2076:
517:
Cambridge â IBM Research and MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab (Cambridge, US)
4290:
3732:
3727:
3669:
3500:
3428:
2440:
2410:
2192:
1339:
1042:
1007:
640:
570:
294:
220:
157:
112:
100:
1126:
In 1956, IBM opened their first European research laboratory in
3717:
3690:
3647:
3625:
3545:
2678:
2459:"IBM CHOOSES AUSTRALIA FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LABORATORY"
2164:"IBM100 - The First Corporate Pure Science Research Laboratory"
1153:, which revolutionized data transmission over telephone lines;
216:
2886:"Aya Soffer named as new Director of IBM's Haifa Research Lab"
2854:
2852:
3338:
2962:"IBM and ETH Zurich open collaborative Nanotechnology Center"
1067:
930:
915:
326:
258:
212:
3562:
3505:
3202:
3186:
The IBM Watson Laboratory at Columbia University: A History
3081:"Remarks on the algebra of non first normal form relations"
2849:
2773:
2771:
2769:
1176:. Most recently the lab was involved in the development of
554:
165:
1932:"Master Planner: Fred Brooks Shows How to Design Anything"
3273:
2996:"History and contributions of the IBM Scientific Centers"
985:) in 2007. TRL moved back to Tokyo in 2012, this time at
882:
58:
2766:
1539:
1165:(SET) standard used for highly secure payments; and the
605:. Its scientists perform basic and applied research in
2704:
2702:
2378:"IBM Scientists Discover Nanotech Communication Method"
505:
Africa (Nairobi, Kenya, and Johannesburg, South Africa)
3242:
2682:
Network security: current status and future directions
1207:, which is located on the same campus in RĂŒschlikon.
1188:, which is based on developing an IT roadmap for the
2699:
2679:
Douligeris, Christos; Dimitrios N. Serpanos (2007).
2550:Becker, Spencer E. Ante And Nathan (June 9, 2010).
1547:"Computer scientists who made IBM Research famous"
1201:Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich
1180:, a supercomputer that is cooled using hot water.
933:. It was IBM's first research laboratory in Asia.
835:funding and an undisclosed amount provided by the
1913:"The Promise, The Limits, The Beauty of Software"
1479:"Watson Research Center: Watson Facility History"
4388:
3496:Criminal Reduction Utilising Statistical History
3232:Oral history interview with Martin Schwarzschild
2607:
1473:
1471:
1447:
1445:
998:filings. TRL conducts research in microdevices,
862:. It was established in 2011, with locations in
253:. IBM Research was behind the inventions of the
2993:
1401:(Press release). 9 January 2018. Archived from
549:Historic research centers for IBM also include
3115:
2614:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 82â83.
1425:"IBM Watson Laboratory at Columbia University"
228:high-performance microprocessors and computers
3258:
3078:
2370:
1724:"John W. Backus, 82, Fortran Developer, Dies"
1468:
1454:Colussus: how the corporation changed America
1442:
1149:, respectively. Other key inventions include
257:travel reservation system, the technology of
99:. As of 2018, the company has generated more
2489:"Photos: IBM launches Melbourne R&D lab"
1529:"2 Researchers Spell 'I.B.M.,' Atom by Atom"
1244:Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (since 1964) *
584:
2221:
1289:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (1972â1974)
1265:Los Angeles, California, USA (since 1964) *
215:atoms on a substrate of chilled crystal of
3265:
3251:
3064:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2014:
332:
2929:
2904:
1277:Palo Alto, California, USA (since 1964) *
1210:
1161:and a highly successful IBM product; the
2994:Kolsky, H. G.; MacKinnon, R. A. (1989).
2340:
639:. Among its first developments was the
588:
132:Notable company inventions include the
29:
3182:
2405:
2403:
2316:"Guide to the Harwood G. Kolsky Papers"
2135:
2027:from the original on September 19, 2020
1319:IBM Journal of Research and Development
1307:Winchester, United Kingdom (since 1979)
1205:Binnig and Rohrer Nanotechnology Center
854:IBM Research â Brazil is one of twelve
573:), IBM Austin Research Laboratory, and
357:Charles H. Bennett (computer scientist)
281:Other notable developments include the
125:, starting in the 1950s, including the
27:IBM's research and development division
14:
4412:Research and development organizations
4389:
3037:
2644:
2642:
2549:
2545:
2543:
2388:from the original on December 17, 2011
1526:
1457:, New York : Random House, 2001.
858:comprising IBM Research, its first in
219:to spell out the three letter company
3631:Center for The Business of Government
3246:
3154:
3033:
3031:
3029:
2989:
2987:
2811:from the original on 20 November 2009
2660:from the original on 28 December 2022
2528:from the original on 28 December 2022
2421:from the original on 21 December 2022
2266:from the original on October 23, 2020
2203:from the original on 21 December 2022
1929:
1821:from the original on 28 December 2022
1616:from the original on February 7, 2020
1350:from the original on 21 December 2022
514:Brazil (SĂŁo Paulo and Rio de Janeiro)
188:semiconductor manufacturing process,
34:IBM Research is headquartered at the
4319:
2785:from the original on 10 October 2009
2685:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 566.
2580:
2552:"IBM To Open Research Lab In Brazil"
2400:
2278:
2045:
2015:Fitzgerald, Michael (June 7, 2010).
1841:"IBM Community - IBM Community Home"
1811:"Grady Booch | IBM Research Profile"
1721:
1557:from the original on 11 October 2016
1527:Browne, Malcolm W. (April 5, 1990).
1508:from the original on 26 January 2017
1283:Peterlee, United Kingdom (1969â1979)
543:IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center
85:U.S. National Inventors Hall of Fame
3079:Jaeschke, G.; Schek, H. J. (1982).
2892:from the original on 18 August 2021
2837:from the original on 9 October 2009
2639:
2589:from the original on March 21, 2020
2540:
2518:"IBM Research - Brazil - Locations"
2144:from the original on March 15, 2016
2136:Shallit, Jeffrey (March 31, 2010).
1863:"Handbook of software architecture"
1292:Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (since 1986)
1029:
24:
3176:
3026:
2984:
2972:from the original on 16 April 2016
2710:"TRL 25th Anniversary (1982-2006)"
2562:from the original on June 23, 2019
1942:from the original on March 3, 2020
1586:from the original on April 5, 2020
1304:Wheaton, Maryland, USA (1967â1969)
1147:high-temperature superconductivity
247:high-temperature superconductivity
211:was used to arrange 35 individual
25:
4423:
3300:PC business acquisition by Lenovo
3238:IBM Research's technical journals
3194:
3116:Dadam, P.; Linnemann, V. (1989).
2866:from the original on 22 June 2009
2608:Persaud, Ajax; Uma Kumar (2002).
2358:from the original on May 22, 2014
2296:from the original on May 22, 2013
1791:from the original on May 30, 2020
1730:from the original on July 9, 2017
249:, both of which were awarded the
4329:
4328:
4318:
4309:
4308:
3998:Sabre airline reservation system
3844:Thomas J. Watson Research Center
2447:from the original on 2022-12-21.
1888:"IEEE Software: On Architecture"
1531:. New York Times. Archived from
1271:Mexico City, Mexico (since 1971)
1262:Kuwait City, Kuwait (since 1980)
1256:Heidelberg, Germany (since 1968)
311:reduced instruction set computer
230:, analytical methods and tools,
162:SABRE airline reservation system
127:Thomas J. Watson Research Center
75:IBM employees have garnered six
40:Thomas J. Watson Research Center
3511:Information Management Software
3148:
3109:
3072:
2954:
2943:from the original on 2008-09-19
2918:from the original on 2008-09-17
2878:
2823:
2797:
2755:from the original on 2023-03-12
2728:
2672:
2650:"IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory"
2628:from the original on 2023-03-12
2601:
2574:
2510:
2499:from the original on 2019-04-24
2481:
2451:
2433:
2308:
2252:
2215:
2185:
2156:
2129:
2098:
2087:from the original on 2016-03-16
2069:
2058:from the original on 2021-05-18
2039:
2008:
1983:
1972:from the original on 2020-01-26
1954:
1923:
1905:
1880:
1855:
1833:
1803:
1773:
1742:
1715:
1704:from the original on 2020-01-31
1686:
1675:from the original on 2019-07-03
1657:
1646:from the original on 2016-03-08
1636:"John Backus Archive Home Page"
1628:
1598:
1568:
1431:from the original on 2006-09-09
1376:from the original on 2011-06-29
1311:
1247:Caracas, Venezuela (since 1983)
496:
377:), Peter Brown, Larry Carter,
305:risk score, the one-transistor
4407:Computer science organizations
4264:International chess tournament
4044:Globally integrated enterprise
4034:Commercial Processing Workload
2581:Rosa, Silvia (June 10, 2014).
1930:Kelly, Kevin (July 28, 2010).
1722:Lohr, Steve (March 20, 2007).
1520:
1490:
1417:
1387:
1362:
1332:
1157:, which became a standard for
1110:
563:IBM New York Scientific Center
190:Watson artificial intelligence
13:
1:
4003:Scanning tunneling microscope
2937:"Nobel Prize in Physics 1987"
2912:"Nobel Prize in Physics 1986"
2860:"Collaboration with Academia"
1325:
1163:Secure Electronic Transaction
1143:scanning tunneling microscope
833:Australian Federal Government
597:IBM Research â Almaden is in
545:(Yorktown Heights and Albany)
243:Scanning Tunneling Microscope
209:scanning tunneling microscope
89:National Medals of Technology
2170:. 2012-03-07. Archived from
1938:. Vol. 18, no. 8.
1250:Grenoble, France (1967â1973)
1238:Brasilia, Brazil (1980â1986)
1199:On 17 May 2011, IBM and the
1091:
941:
894:natural resources management
815:
307:dynamic random-access memory
150:Universal Product Code (UPC)
123:Westchester County, New York
7:
3871:Canada Head Office Building
3861:Cambridge Scientific Center
3753:Science Research Associates
3521:Mainframe operating systems
3217:Research History Highlights
3213:(archived 10 December 2005)
3183:Brennan, Jean Ford (1971).
1781:"IBM Archives: Erich Bloch"
1606:"IBM Archives: John Backus"
1370:"Awards & Achievements"
1274:New York City (1964â1972) *
1235:Bergen, Norway (since 1986)
992:
981:in 1997 and IBM aiBrowser (
559:Cambridge Scientific Center
529:India (Delhi and Bengaluru)
10:
4428:
3932:Virtual Universe Community
3653:International subsidiaries
3573:Service Automation Manager
3087:. ACM Press. p. 124.
2779:"Core Research Competency"
2138:"Recursivity: Alan Cobham"
2077:"Larry Carter's Home Page"
1950:– via www.wired.com.
1280:Paris, France (since 1977)
1268:Madrid, Spain (since 1972)
1259:Houston, Texas (1966â1974)
1253:Haifa, Israel (since 1972)
1034:TRL collaborates with the
1020:human computer interaction
938:to translate IBM manuals.
336:
186:silicon-on-insulator (SOI)
110:
106:
93:National Medals of Science
44:Yorktown Heights, New York
4304:
4193:
4135:
4062:
4021:
3950:
3884:
3780:
3683:
3618:
3609:
3461:
3411:
3326:
3319:
3310:
3280:
3044:. Sindelfingen, Germany.
3038:Blaser, Albrecht (2001).
2741:. Springer. p. 203.
1301:Venice, Italy (1969â1979)
1298:Tokyo, Japan (since 1970)
1241:Cairo, Egypt (since 1983)
1066:locations across Israel:
1060:
1026:, and services sciences.
849:
585:Almaden in Silicon Valley
297:, magnetic disk storage (
68:company headquartered in
3958:Automated teller machine
3912:The Great Mind Challenge
3295:Mergers and acquisitions
3227:Research history by year
2570:– via www.wsj.com.
2017:"The Grill: Fred Brooks"
1991:"Innovator: Fred Brooks"
1738:– via NYTimes.com.
1295:Rome, Italy (since 1979)
1286:Pisa, Italy (since 1971)
908:
599:Almaden Valley, San Jose
283:Data Encryption Standard
261:, magnetic storage, the
182:Automated Teller Machine
83:, 20 inductees into the
55:research and development
3917:Linux Technology Center
3272:
2888:. CTECH. 3 March 2021.
1451:Beatty, Jack, (editor)
1232:Bari, Italy (1969â1979)
333:Notable IBM researchers
4242:Dynamic infrastructure
4207:Big Blue sports teams
4013:Universal Product Code
1750:"John Backus Memorial"
1211:IBM Scientific Centers
1190:Square Kilometer Array
1167:Java Card OpenPlatform
1136:Industry Solutions Lab
594:
593:IBM Research â Almaden
374:The Mythical Man-Month
287:fast Fourier transform
236:software architectures
160:programming language,
66:information technology
47:
4374:Vacuum tube computers
4258:IBM and the Holocaust
4223:Common Public License
4108:Louis V. Gerstner Jr.
3891:Academy of Technology
3346:Power microprocessors
3093:10.1145/588111.588133
2712:. IBM. Archived from
2354:. February 20, 2006.
2328:on September 20, 2011
1851:on December 13, 2015.
1498:"History of progress"
1145:and the discovery of
1105:Ben-Gurion University
1036:Japanese universities
856:research laboratories
824:. It was involved in
592:
575:IBM Laboratory Vienna
511:Australia (Melbourne)
339:IBM § IBM alumni
313:(RISC) architecture,
33:
3988:Magnetic stripe card
3937:World Community Grid
3813:Toronto Software Lab
3469:Carbon Design System
3424:Cell microprocessors
2441:"Labs and locations"
2411:"Labs and locations"
2046:Comstock, Courtney.
1787:. January 23, 2003.
1612:. January 23, 2003.
1582:. January 23, 2003.
1553:, 17 December 2012,
1340:"Labs and locations"
979:IBM Home Page Reader
922:in 1992 and back to
887:2016 Summer Olympics
794:Ramakrishnan Srikant
690:Donald D. Chamberlin
539:Switzerland (ZĂŒrich)
371:(known for his book
329:-playing computer).
315:relational databases
142:magnetic stripe card
18:IBM Research â Tokyo
4252:GUIDE International
4114:Samuel J. Palmisano
3973:Electronic keypunch
3797:One Atlantic Center
3767:Weather Underground
3763:The Weather Company
3134:10.1147/sj.284.0661
3122:IBM Systems Journal
3012:10.1147/sj.284.0502
3000:IBM Systems Journal
2556:Wall Street Journal
2240:on October 10, 2022
2106:"SIAM short course"
1159:local area networks
987:IBM Toyosu Facility
956:Kanagawa Prefecture
948:IBM Yamato Facility
734:Andreas J. Heinrich
622:Stanford University
293:'s introduction of
263:relational database
168:, copper wiring in
146:relational database
119:Columbia University
4354:Personal computers
4344:Midrange computers
4334:Navigational boxes
4227:IBM Public License
4202:A Boy and His Atom
4160:Michelle J. Howard
4102:John Fellows Akers
4084:T. Vincent Learson
3791:1250 René-Lévesque
3531:Planning Analytics
3155:Bernstein, Ralph.
2831:"Research Results"
2469:on 5 February 2015
2262:. September 2017.
1919:on March 28, 2011.
1640:ccrma.stanford.edu
1484:2012-02-19 at the
1405:on 13 January 2018
1151:trellis modulation
754:William E. Moerner
738:Reynold B. Johnson
637:Reynold B. Johnson
614:Santa Teresa Hills
595:
508:Almaden (San Jose)
439:Reynold B. Johnson
431:Kenneth E. Iverson
194:Quantum Experience
113:IBM § History
48:
4384:
4383:
4349:Operating systems
4211:American football
4180:Joseph R. Swedish
4175:Martha E. Pollack
4078:Thomas Watson Jr.
4039:Customer engineer
3963:Cynefin framework
3849:Hakozaki Facility
3808:Rome Software Lab
3776:
3775:
3605:
3604:
3558:Rational Software
3457:
3456:
3439:Personal Computer
3434:Midrange computer
3102:978-0-89791-070-5
2805:"Technical Paper"
2748:978-3-540-25441-6
2692:978-0-471-70355-6
2292:. June 23, 2009.
2222:IBM Corporation.
1845:community.ibm.com
1463:978-0-7679-0352-3
935:Hisashi Kobayashi
898:social networking
876:Natural Resources
774:Patricia Selinger
532:Japan (Tokyo and
443:Benoit Mandelbrot
435:Frederick Jelinek
291:BenoĂźt Mandelbrot
259:laser eye surgery
178:portable computer
16:(Redirected from
4419:
4332:
4331:
4322:
4321:
4312:
4311:
4072:Thomas J. Watson
3993:Relational model
3942:Think conference
3823:330 North Wabash
3743:Microelectronics
3616:
3615:
3541:Quantum Platform
3486:Cognos Analytics
3324:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3244:
3243:
3206:
3205:
3203:Official website
3190:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
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3146:
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3113:
3107:
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3076:
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2535:
2533:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2465:. Archived from
2455:
2449:
2448:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2407:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2374:
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2367:
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2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2327:
2321:. Archived from
2320:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2260:"Inside the Lab"
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2239:
2233:. Archived from
2228:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2160:
2154:
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2149:
2133:
2127:
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2124:
2123:
2117:
2111:. Archived from
2110:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2052:Business Insider
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1993:. Archived from
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1915:. Archived from
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1890:. Archived from
1884:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1865:. Archived from
1859:
1853:
1852:
1847:. Archived from
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1761:
1755:. Archived from
1754:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1698:www.columbia.edu
1690:
1684:
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1494:
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1475:
1466:
1449:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1427:. Columbia.edu.
1421:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1336:
1174:operating system
1051:computer science
1030:Other activities
1024:embedded systems
965:The team led by
844:State Government
837:State Government
798:Larry Stockmeyer
790:Arnold Spielberg
750:Dharmendra Modha
746:Jaishankar Menon
694:Ashok K. Chandra
686:Raymond F. Boyce
607:computer science
567:330 North Wabash
526:Ireland (Dublin)
459:Michael O. Rabin
455:Kirsten Moselund
345:Frances E. Allen
70:Armonk, New York
21:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4300:
4286:SHARE computing
4247:GlobalFoundries
4189:
4137:
4131:
4058:
4017:
4008:Financial swaps
3983:Hard disk drive
3946:
3880:
3854:Yamato Facility
3772:
3679:
3611:
3601:
3568:Tivoli Software
3453:
3407:
3306:
3276:
3271:
3221:Top Innovations
3207:of IBM Research
3201:
3200:
3197:
3179:
3177:Further reading
3174:
3173:
3164:
3162:
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2384:. Feb 7, 2000.
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1486:Wayback Machine
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1123:, Switzerland.
1113:
1094:
1063:
1032:
1000:system software
995:
944:
911:
852:
818:
726:Jean Paul Jacob
587:
520:China (Beijing)
499:
491:Shmuel Winograd
475:Gardiner Tucker
419:Ralph E. Gomory
411:Jeanne Ferrante
395:Don Coppersmith
379:Gregory Chaitin
341:
335:
138:hard disk drive
115:
109:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4425:
4415:
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4409:
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4397:IBM facilities
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4269:Lucifer cipher
4266:
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4220:
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4218:
4213:
4205:
4197:
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4187:
4185:Peter R. Voser
4182:
4177:
4172:
4170:Andrew Liveris
4167:
4165:Arvind Krishna
4162:
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4126:Arvind Krishna
4123:
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3927:Smarter Planet
3924:
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3826:
3819:IBM Buildings
3817:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3804:Software Labs
3802:
3801:
3800:
3794:
3793:, Montreal, QC
3784:
3782:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
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3760:
3758:Service Bureau
3755:
3750:
3748:Product Center
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3713:Ambra Computer
3710:
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3703:
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3516:Lotus Software
3513:
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868:Rio de Janeiro
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806:Jennifer Widom
786:Malcolm Slaney
782:Barbara Simons
766:Nick Pippenger
730:Joseph Halpern
670:Rakesh Agrawal
663:quantum mirage
618:Silicon Valley
586:
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471:Alfred Spector
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399:Wallace Eckert
349:Marc Auslander
334:
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201:nanotechnology
170:semiconductors
154:financial swap
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2716:on 4 May 2007
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2174:on 2017-09-07
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2118:on 2016-12-29
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2021:Computerworld
2018:
2011:
1997:on 2011-04-16
1996:
1992:
1986:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1962:"Fred Brooks"
1957:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1926:
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1914:
1908:
1894:on 2018-08-03
1893:
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1869:on 2012-01-07
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1762:on 2018-04-17
1758:
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1694:"John Backus"
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722:Laura M. Haas
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703:
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698:Edgar F. Codd
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678:Rama Akkiraju
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63:multinational
60:
57:division for
56:
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45:
41:
37:
36:Eero Saarinen
32:
19:
4273:
4256:
4237:Deep Thought
4200:
4128:(since 2020)
4096:John R. Opel
4054:Think slogan
3895:Deep Thunder
3701:Kaleida Labs
3696:AIM alliance
3674:
3381:Q System Two
3376:Q System One
3220:
3185:
3163:. Retrieved
3150:
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3121:
3111:
3084:
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2999:
2974:. Retrieved
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2787:. Retrieved
2757:. Retrieved
2737:
2730:
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2714:the original
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2674:
2662:. Retrieved
2654:IBM Research
2653:
2630:. Retrieved
2610:
2603:
2591:. Retrieved
2576:
2564:. Retrieved
2555:
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2522:IBM Research
2521:
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2501:. Retrieved
2492:
2483:
2471:. Retrieved
2467:the original
2463:austrade.gov
2462:
2453:
2435:
2423:. Retrieved
2415:IBM Research
2414:
2390:. Retrieved
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2372:
2360:. Retrieved
2351:
2342:
2330:. Retrieved
2323:the original
2310:
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2289:
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2254:
2242:. Retrieved
2235:the original
2230:
2217:
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2197:IBM Research
2196:
2187:
2176:. Retrieved
2172:the original
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2131:
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2060:. Retrieved
2051:
2041:
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2020:
2010:
1999:. Retrieved
1995:the original
1985:
1974:. Retrieved
1966:www.nndb.com
1965:
1956:
1944:. Retrieved
1935:
1925:
1917:the original
1907:
1896:. Retrieved
1892:the original
1882:
1871:. Retrieved
1867:the original
1857:
1849:the original
1844:
1835:
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1815:IBM Research
1814:
1805:
1793:. Retrieved
1784:
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1757:the original
1744:
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1717:
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1697:
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1677:. Retrieved
1669:www.nndb.com
1668:
1659:
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1639:
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1609:
1600:
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1579:
1570:
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1550:
1541:
1533:the original
1522:
1510:. Retrieved
1502:IBM Research
1501:
1492:
1453:
1433:. Retrieved
1419:
1407:. Retrieved
1403:the original
1398:
1389:
1378:. Retrieved
1364:
1352:. Retrieved
1344:IBM Research
1343:
1334:
1317:
1312:Publications
1226:
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1016:optimization
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983:ja:aiBrowser
964:
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928:
912:
891:
880:
853:
841:
830:
826:social media
819:
714:Ronald Fagin
674:Miklos Ajtai
667:
659:photoresists
656:
653:
634:
611:
596:
579:
551:IBM La Gaude
548:
500:
497:Laboratories
403:Ronald Fagin
372:
342:
240:
225:
205:IBM in atoms
199:Advances in
198:
131:
116:
97:Kavli Prizes
77:Nobel Prizes
74:
51:IBM Research
50:
49:
4369:Typewriters
4275:Mathematica
4216:Rugby union
4155:Alex Gorsky
4122:(2012â2020)
4116:(2002â2011)
4110:(1993â2002)
4104:(1985â1993)
4098:(1981â1985)
4092:(1973â1981)
4086:(1971â1973)
4080:(1956â1971)
4074:(1914â1956)
4022:Terminology
3978:Floppy disk
3922:SkillsBuild
3885:Initiatives
3866:IBM Hursley
3840:Facilities
3491:Connections
3361:FlashSystem
2664:28 December
2593:February 9,
2566:January 23,
2532:28 December
2473:15 February
2425:28 December
2332:January 31,
2231:IBM History
2207:28 December
2148:January 16,
2031:February 9,
1946:February 9,
1825:28 December
1795:February 9,
1785:www.ibm.com
1734:February 9,
1620:February 9,
1610:www.ibm.com
1590:February 9,
1580:www.ibm.com
1512:28 December
1354:28 December
1203:opened the
1111:Switzerland
1055:electronics
960:Ultraviolet
878:Solutions.
810:Shumin Zhai
802:Moshe Vardi
770:Dan Russell
742:Maria Klawe
682:John Backus
649:Jack Harker
630:UC Berkeley
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369:Fred Brooks
365:Grady Booch
361:Erich Bloch
353:John Backus
323:grandmaster
279:Anthem Inc.
251:Nobel Prize
184:(ATM), the
134:floppy disk
4391:Categories
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4359:System/360
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4049:e-business
3951:Inventions
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3781:Facilities
3641:Promontory
3636:Consulting
3165:2023-11-17
2947:2020-03-21
2922:2020-03-21
2759:2020-10-18
2632:2020-10-18
2503:2020-02-09
2270:October 6,
2193:"Our labs"
2178:2021-07-30
2122:2016-12-29
2091:2016-01-16
2062:2020-02-09
2001:2016-01-16
1976:2020-02-09
1898:2016-01-16
1873:2016-01-16
1766:2016-12-29
1708:2020-02-09
1679:2020-02-09
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1561:16 January
1435:2010-05-05
1380:2012-05-23
1326:References
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232:algorithms
207:, where a
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926:in 2012.
872:Analytics
864:SĂŁo Paulo
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816:Australia
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415:Zvi Galil
319:Deep Blue
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4314:Category
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4029:Big Blue
3829:Honolulu
3738:Merative
3723:EduQuest
3706:Taligent
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