1958:
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919:", became a mantra for each company's employees. During Watson's first four years, revenues reached $ 9 million ($ 158 million today) and the company's operations expanded to Europe, South America, Asia and Australia. Watson never liked the clumsy hyphenated name "Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company" and chose to replace it with the more expansive title "International Business Machines" which had previously been used as the name of CTR's Canadian Division; the name was changed on February 14, 1924. By 1933, most of the subsidiaries had been merged into one company, IBM.
1740:". Its principal building, referred to as CHQ, is a 283,000-square-foot (26,300 m) glass and stone edifice on a 25-acre (10 ha) parcel amid a 432-acre former apple orchard the company purchased in the mid-1950s. There are two other IBM buildings within walking distance of CHQ: the North Castle office, which previously served as IBM's headquarters; and the Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Center for Learning (formerly known as IBM Learning Center (ILC)), a resort hotel and training center, which has 182 guest rooms, 31 meeting rooms, and various amenities.
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reported a sharp drop in profit margins during the second quarter of fiscal year 1992; market analysts attributed the drop to a fierce price war in the personal computer market over the summer of 1992. The corporate restructuring was one of the largest and most expensive in history up to that point. By the summer of 1993, the IBM PC Co. had divided into multiple business units itself, including
45:
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945:), supplied this equipment from the early 1930s. This equipment was critical to Nazi efforts to categorize citizens of both Germany and other nations that fell under Nazi control through ongoing censuses. These census data were used to facilitate the round-up of Jews and other targeted groups, and to catalog their movements through the machinery of the
1206:
In 1998, IBM merged the enterprise-oriented
Personal Systems Group of the IBM PC Co. into IBM's own Global Services personal computer consulting and customer service division. The resulting merged business units then became known simply as IBM Personal Systems Group. A year later, IBM stopped selling
8219:
IBM today announced that it will achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 to further its decades-long work to address the global climate crisis. The company will accomplish this goal by prioritizing actual reductions in its emissions, energy efficiency efforts and increased clean energy use
2170:
to make a wide variety of IBM software available as a service on AWS Marketplace. Additionally, the deal includes both companies making joint investments that make it easier for companies to consume IBM's offering and integrate them with AWS, including developer training and software development for
1423:, will have 90,000 employees, 4,600 clients in 115 countries, with a backlog of $ 60 billion. IBM's spin off was greater than any of its previous divestitures, and welcomed by investors. IBM appointed Martin Schroeter, who had been IBM's CFO from 2014 through the end of 2017, as CEO of Kyndryl.
3146:
relaxed these codes, normalizing the dress and behavior of IBM employees. The company's culture has also given to different plays on the company acronym (IBM), with some saying it stands for "I've Been Moved" due to relocations and layoffs, others saying it stands for "I'm By Myself" pursuant to a
3141:
Employees are often referred to as "IBMers". IBM's culture has evolved significantly over its century of operations. In its early days, a dark (or gray) suit, white shirt, and a "sincere" tie constituted the public uniform for IBM employees. During IBM's management transformation in the 1990s, CEO
1100:
that would become ubiquitous for credit/debit/ATM cards, driver's licenses, rapid transit cards and a multitude of other identity and access control applications. IBM pioneered the manufacture of these cards, and for most of the 1970s, the data processing systems and software for such applications
1017:
In 1963, IBM employees and computers helped NASA track the orbital flights of the
Mercury astronauts. A year later, it moved its corporate headquarters from New York City to Armonk, New York. The latter half of the 1960s saw IBM continue its support of space exploration, participating in the 1965
2263:
In June 2020, IBM announced that it was exiting the facial recognition business. In a letter to congress, IBM's Chief
Executive Officer Arvind Krishna told lawmakers, "now is the time to begin a national dialogue on whether and how facial recognition technology should be employed by domestic law
1144:
In
September 1992, IBM completed the spin-off of their various non-mainframe and non-midrange, personal computer manufacturing divisions, combining them into an autonomous wholly owned subsidiary known as the IBM Personal Computer Company (IBM PC Co.). This corporate restructuring came after IBM
1088:
by monopolizing or attempting to monopolize the general-purpose electronic digital computer system market, specifically computers designed primarily for business, and subsequently alleged that IBM violated the antitrust laws in IBM's actions directed against leasing companies and plug-compatible
914:
cases relating to his time at NCR were resolved. Having learned
Patterson's pioneering business practices, Watson proceeded to put the stamp of NCR onto CTR's companies. He implemented sales conventions, "generous sales incentives, a focus on customer service, an insistence on well-groomed,
1445:, IBM CEO Arvind Krishna published a Ukrainian flag and announced that "we have suspended all business in Russia". All Russian articles were also removed from the IBM website. On June 7, Krishna announced that IBM would carry out an "orderly wind-down" of its operations in Russia.
752:
among the most powerful in the world, and in 2001 it became the first company to generate more than 3,000 patents in one year, beating this record in 2008 with over 4,000 patents. As of 2022, the company held 150,000 patents. IBM has also been criticized as being a
1089:
peripheral manufacturers. Shortly after, IBM unbundled its software and services in what many observers believed was a direct result of the lawsuit, creating a competitive market for software. In 1982, the
Department of Justice dropped the case as "without merit".
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2075:
and announced a $ 3 billion investment over the following five years to design a neural chip that mimics the human brain, with 10 billion neurons and 100 trillion synapses, but that uses just 1 kilowatt of power. In 2016, the company launched
1715:
invested in. Initially he bought 64 million shares costing $ 10.5 billion. Over the years, Buffett increased his IBM holdings, but by the end of 2017 had reduced them by 94.5% to 2.05 million shares; by May 2018, he was completely out of IBM.
1057:. It spanned the complete range of commercial and scientific applications from large to small, allowing companies for the first time to upgrade to models with greater computing capability without having to rewrite their applications. It was followed by the
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In 1991 IBM began spinning off its many divisions into autonomous subsidiaries (so-called "Baby Blues") in an attempt to make the company more manageable and to streamline IBM by having other investors finance those companies. These included
1129:, dedicated to disk drives and other data storage products; IBM Application Business Systems, dedicated to mid-range computers; IBM Enterprise Systems, dedicated to mainframes; Pennant Systems, dedicated to mid-range and large printers;
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1455:
In 2023, IBM acquired Manta
Software Inc. to complement its data and A.I. governance capabilities for an undisclosed amount. On November 16, 2023, IBM suspended ads on Twitter after ads were found next to pro-Nazi content.
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IBM's market capitalization was valued at over $ 153 billion as of May 2024. Despite its relative decline within the technology sector, IBM remains the seventh largest technology company by revenue, and 67th
845:
IBM originated with several technological innovations developed and commercialized in the late 19th century. Julius E. Pitrap patented the computing scale in 1885; Alexander Dey invented the dial recorder (1888);
5885:
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2682:(direct and indirect) for the twelve months ending December 31, 2020 at 621 kilotons (-324 /-34.3% year-on-year). In February 2021, IBM committed to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by the year 2030.
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rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. In 2014, IBM was accused of using "financial engineering" to hit its quarterly earnings targets rather than investing for the longer term.
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Collectively, the companies manufactured a wide array of machinery for sale and lease, ranging from commercial scales and industrial time recorders, meat and cheese slicers, to tabulators and punched cards.
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949:, including internment in the concentration camps. Nazi concentration camps operated a Hollerith department called Hollerith Abteilung, which had IBM machines, including calculating and sorting machines.
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in 2014, and $ 3 billion to create a next-gen semiconductor along with $ 4 billion towards growing the company's "strategic imperatives" (cloud, analytics, mobile, security, social) in 2015.
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IBM's financial statements from the 2021 annual report have adjusted revenue, income numbers, employee count for the previous years to account for discontinued operations related to the separation of
2431:
expenditure totals several billion dollars each year. In 2012, that expenditure was approximately $ 6.9 billion. Recent allocations have included $ 1 billion to create a business unit for
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IBM operates in 174 countries as of 2016, with mobility centers in smaller market areas and major campuses in the larger ones. In New York City, IBM has several offices besides CHQ, including the
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where it won against game-show champions Ken
Jennings and Brad Rutter. The company also celebrated its 100th anniversary in the same year on June 16. In 2012, IBM announced it had agreed to buy
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and present in over 175 countries. IBM is the largest industrial research organization in the world, with 19 research facilities across a dozen countries, having held the record for most annual
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IBM announced in
October 2020 that it would divest the Managed Infrastructure Services unit of its Global Technology Services division into a new public company. The new company,
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prevalent work-from-anywhere norm, and others saying it stands for "I'm Being
Mentored" due to the company's open door policy and encouragement for mentoring at all levels.
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Research has been part of IBM since its founding, and its organized efforts trace their roots back to 1945, when the Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory was founded at
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Gemini flights, 1966 Saturn flights, and 1969 lunar mission. IBM also developed and manufactured the Saturn V's Instrument Unit and Apollo spacecraft guidance computers.
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With 160,000 consultants as of 2024, it is one of the ten largest consulting companies in the world. IBM's consulting business was valued at $ 20 billion, as of 2024.
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2565:. Since its first patent for a traffic signaling device, IBM has been one of the world's most prolific patent sources. In 2021, the company held the record for most
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2607:. It was a general replacement for a 13-bar logo, since period photocopiers did not render narrow (as opposed to tall) stripes well. Aside from the logo, IBM used
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provider, which in 2011 reported hosting more than 81,000 servers for more than 26,000 customers. IBM also provides Cloud Data Encryption Services (ICDES), using
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IBM has a valuable brand as a result of over 100 years of operations and marketing campaigns. Since 1996, IBM has been the exclusive technology partner for the
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made extensive use of Hollerith punch card and alphabetical accounting equipment and IBM's majority-owned German subsidiary, Deutsche Hollerith Maschinen GmbH (
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app with live streaming (2009), and first-ever live 4K Ultra High Definition feed in the United States for a major sporting event (2016). As a result, IBM CEO
686:
of manufacturers of record-keeping and measuring systems. It was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924 and soon became the leading manufacturer of
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in a three-game tournament and won. Watson has since been applied to business, healthcare, developers, and universities. For example, IBM has partnered with
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and the dominant computing platform in the industry throughout this period and into the early 1980s. They and the operating systems that ran on them such as
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910:, called on Flint and, in 1914, was offered a position at CTR. Watson joined CTR as general manager and then, 11 months later, was made President when
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3629:"IBM Tops U.S. Patent List for 28th Consecutive Year with Innovations in Artificial Intelligence, Hybrid Cloud, Quantum Computing and Cyber-Security"
3377:
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7134:
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3521:"Why IBM is no longer interested in breaking patent records–and how it plans to measure innovation in the age of open source and quantum computing"
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Sorkin, Andrew Ross; Mattu, Ravi; Warner, Bernhard; Kessler, Sarah; de la Merced, Michael J.; Hirsch, Lauren; Walt, Vivienne (November 17, 2023).
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of white shirts with blue suits. The company logo has undergone several changes over the years, with its current "8-bar" logo designed in 1972 by
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to spell out the company acronym, marking the first structure assembled one atom at a time. A major part of IBM research is the generation of
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designed for small and midsized companies, which includes software for data compression, provisioning, and snapshots across various systems.
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constitutes the largest industrial research organization in the world, with 12 labs on 6 continents. IBM Research is headquartered at the
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The company's 15-member board of directors are responsible for overall corporate management and includes the current or former CEOs of
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transaction processing monitor, had a near-monopoly-level market share and became the thing IBM was most known for during this period.
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The company has traditionally resisted labor union organizing, although unions represent some IBM workers outside the United States.
1258:
963:, an electromechanical computer, during World War II. It offered its first commercial stored-program computer, the vacuum tube based
615:
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dark-suited salesmen and had an evangelical fervor for instilling company pride and loyalty in every worker". His favorite slogan, "
8369:
Kearns, David T (May 31, 2005). "Crossing the Bridge: Family, Business, Education, Cancer, and the Lessons Learned". Meliora Press.
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market would end at the end of that year. Both companies stated that it was unrelated to the charges of bribery earlier that year.
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Appendix to Hearings Before the Committee on Patents, House of Representatives, Seventy-Fourth Congress, on H. R. 4523, Part III
1382:
sued IBM accusing it of patent infringement, two months after IBM accused Groupon of patent infringement in a separate lawsuit.
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2468:(worth approximately $ 40 million at the time of the donation), the three-sentence International Components for Unicode (
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Many IBM employees have achieved notability outside of work and after leaving IBM. In business, former IBM employees include
2582:
2477:
2109:
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5851:"IBM To Accelerate Hybrid Cloud Growth Strategy And Execute Spin-Off Of Market-Leading Managed Infrastructure Services Unit"
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188:
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1972:
IBM has a large and diverse portfolio of products and services. As of 2016, these offerings fall into the categories of
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11992:
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In 2004, concerns were raised related to IBM's contribution in its early days to pollution in its original location in
987:
519:
5565:
4658:
1389:, Truven Health Analytics for $ 2.6 billion in 2016, and in October 2018, IBM announced its intention to acquire
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10007:
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in New York City, converting a renovated fraternity house on Manhattan's West Side into IBM's first laboratory. Now,
1701:. Vanguard Group is the largest shareholder of IBM and as of March 31, 2023, held 15.7% of total shares outstanding.
1207:
their computers at retail outlets after their market share in this sector had fallen considerably behind competitors
1003:
812:. IBM employees and alumni have won various recognitions for their scientific research and inventions, including six
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screenings. Several companies use Watson for call centers, either replacing or assisting customer service agents.
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and formed a new cloud video unit. In April 2016, it posted a 14-year low in quarterly sales. The following month,
907:
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to record workers' arrival and departure times on a paper tape (1889). On June 16, 1911, their four companies were
12047:
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10353:
10343:
9880:
8092:"In Japan, IBM employees have formed a football team complete with pro stadium, cheerleaders and televised games"
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1900:
874:(CTR) based in Endicott, New York. The five companies had 1,300 employees and offices and plants in Endicott and
721:
laws. As a consequence, IBM quickly began losing its market dominance to emerging competitors in the PC market.
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1290:-based servers. Also that year, IBM began announcing several major partnerships with other companies, including
1275:, in a deal worth around $ 2 billion. Also that year, the company designed a video surveillance system for
12077:
10358:
10053:
10043:
9941:
7501:
5765:"IBM to acquire Red Hat, completely changing the cloud landscape and becoming world's #1 hybrid cloud provider"
5690:
4279:
3553:
3190:
2417:
903:
7786:
7742:
6222:"IBM and Rapidus Form Strategic Partnership to Build Advanced Semiconductor Technology and Ecosystem in Japan"
3706:"IBM is Acting No Better Than Patent Trolls, Preying on Smaller Companies by Suing Them With Software Patents"
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in professional golf, with IBM creating the first Masters.org (1996), the first course cam (1998), the first
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1957:
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IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Germany and America's Most Powerful Corporation
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4207:
IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Germany and America's Most Powerful Corporation
3385:
3093:, of the Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, N.Y., in 1973, for work in semiconductors;
717:, one of IBM's best selling products. Due to a lack of foresight by IBM, the PC was not well protected by
702:, with the company producing 80 percent of computers in the U.S. and 70 percent of computers worldwide.
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in 1998. The company invests billions of dollars in services and software based on Linux through the IBM
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Campbell-Kelly, Martin; Aspray, William F.; Yost, Jeffrey R.; Tinn, Honghong; Díaz, Gerardo Con (2023).
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1374:, which was the first molecule movie to tell a story. In 2016, IBM acquired video conferencing service
1356:
In 2015, IBM announced three major acquisitions: Merge Healthcare for $ 1 billion, data storage vendor
1146:
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2166:
In May 2022, IBM announced the company had signed a multi-year Strategic Collaboration Agreement with
1903:(Ontario, Canada) and the Watson IoT Headquarters (Munich, Germany). Defunct IBM campuses include the
1164:
In 1993, IBM posted an $ 8 billion loss – at the time the biggest in American corporate history.
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8864:
8600:
6086:"IBM names former financial chief Martin Schroeter as head of new IT infrastructure services company"
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27:
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1915:(Paris, France). The company's contributions to industrial architecture and design include works by
760:
As one of the world's oldest and largest technology companies, IBM has been responsible for several
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1736:, a community 37 miles (60 km) north of Midtown Manhattan. A nickname for the company is the "
1215:. Immediately afterwards, the IBM PC Co. was dissolved and merged into IBM Personal Systems Group.
1121:, originally designated IBM 5150, was introduced in 1981, and it soon became an industry standard.
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863:
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6592:
6393:"IBM shows growth after 22 straight quarters of declining revenues, but has it turned the corner?"
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5825:"Cisco Systems joins Microsoft, IBM in Vatican pledge to ensure ethical use and development of AI"
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5936:"IBM shares rise on plans to spin off its IT infrastructure unit and focus on the cloud business"
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is encryption hardware that can be built into microprocessors, and in 2014, the company revealed
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5795:"IBM Closes Landmark Acquisition of Red Hat for $ 34 Billion; Defines Open, Hybrid Cloud Future"
5396:
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4851:
4316:"The history of the UPC bar code and how the bar code symbol and system became a world standard"
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introduced the hard disk drive in 1956. The company switched to transistorized designs with the
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Bakis, Henry (1987). "Telecommunications and the Global Firm". In F. E. Ian Hamilton (ed.).
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team complete with pro stadium, cheerleaders and televised games, competing in the Japanese
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7663:"IBM's expenditure on research and development from 2005 to 2015 (in billion U.S. dollars)"
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as a corporate typeface for 50 years, until it was replaced in 2017 by the custom-designed
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in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, China lab in Beijing and Shanghai, Ireland lab in Dublin,
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IBM's real estate holdings are varied and globally diverse. Towers occupied by IBM include
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7690:"Ginni Rometty just set a big goal for IBM: spending $ 4 billion to bring in $ 40 billion"
6331:
Tanna, Shivani; Farr, Emma-Victoria (December 18, 2023). Aich, Rashmi; Osmond, Ed (eds.).
4986:"Inside the Video Surveillance Program IBM Built for Philippine Strongman Rodrigo Duterte"
3980:"Tabulating Concerns Unite: Flint & Co. Bring Four Together with $ 19,000,000 capital"
2319:
8:
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6024:"IBM Spinning Off Infrastructure Managed Services Group To Focus On Cloud Is A Good Move"
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PaaS enables developers to quickly create complex websites on a pay-as-you-go model. IBM
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2018:
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5297:"VMware and SugarCRM expand partnerships with IBM, make services available on IBM Cloud"
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6619:"International Business Machines Corporation Common Stock (IBM) Institutional Holdings"
6240:"GlobalFoundries sues IBM, says trade secrets were unlawfully given to Japan's Rapidus"
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1989:
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to turn the company around. In 2002 IBM acquired PwC Consulting, the consulting arm of
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Beginning in the 1990s, the company began downsizing its operations and divesting from
699:
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7135:"IBM launches flash arrays for smaller enterprises, aims to court EMC, Dell customers"
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Forgey, Benjamin (March 24, 1990). "In the IBM Honoring the Corporation's Buildings".
4315:
4280:"Monopolization: Corporate Strategy, the IBM Cases, and the Transformation of the Law"
1271:
and Texas Memory Systems, and a year later it also acquired SoftLayer Technologies, a
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and the IBM Power Personal Systems Group, the former an attempt to design and market "
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7412:"NYPD changes the crime control equation by transforming the way it uses information"
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4443:"IBM Plans Division For Its PC Business; One Executive Expected to Be Put in Control"
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A View from Beneath the Dancing Elephant: Rediscovering IBM's Corporate Constitution
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1887:(Toronto, Canada), the IBM Building, Johannesburg (Johannesburg, South Africa), the
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6787:"On the Dedication of the Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Center for Learning – THINK Blog"
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4261:
From Airline Reservations to Sonic the Hedgehog: A History of the Software Industry
3603:
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2723:, with over 297,900 employees worldwide in 2022, with about 160,000 of those being
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1997:
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and the Weather Channel mobile app. Also that year, IBM employees created the film
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581:
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Strategic Marketing Communications: New Ways to Build and Integrate Communications
2593:
partly due to its blue logo and color scheme, and also in reference to its former
2252:
In March 2020, it was announced that IBM will build the first quantum computer in
1257:. In 2011, IBM gained worldwide attention for its artificial intelligence program
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1973:
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rifles used in World War II, about 346,500 of them, between August 1943 and May.
911:
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328:
159:
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For additional books about IBM, biographies, memoirs, technology and more, see
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in Manhattan. Outside of New York, major campuses in the United States include
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3732:"IBM unveils new quantum computing chip to 'explore new frontiers of science'"
2638:. IBM is also a major sponsor in professional tennis, with engagements at the
2362:
2219:
1452:, which led GlobalFoundries to file a lawsuit against IBM the following year.
998:
not merely to play checkers but "learn" from its own experience. In 1957, the
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8705:
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8117:
7615:
6333:"IBM to buy Software AG's enterprise integration platforms for $ 2.3 billion"
6285:"IBM suspends ads on X after corporate ads appeared next to pro-Nazi content"
5705:
4774:
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3743:
3106:
3071:
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1981:
1920:
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1331:
1307:
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439:
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411:
302:
108:
10396:
8613:
7719:
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server division to Lenovo for $ 2.1 billion. while continuing to offer
11972:
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10117:
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9684:
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3118:
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2646:, the Australian Open, and the French Open. The company also sponsored the
2481:
2451:
2385:
2292:
2260:, was still in construction as of 2023, with cloud access planned in 2024.
2197:
2066:
1841:
1724:
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1153:" computers of IBM's own architecture and the latter responsible for IBM's
991:
879:
817:
754:
8443:"Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker: A 2016 Contender But Not A College Graduate"
8232:
7221:"Data Center Knowledge – SoftLayer: $ 78 Million in First Quarter Revenue"
4153:
4015:
3680:"Stupid Patent of the Month: IBM's Software Patent on Texting and Driving"
1426:
In 2021, IBM announced the acquisition of the enterprise software company
1002:
scientific programming language was developed. In 1961, IBM developed the
11649:
11384:
10924:
10333:
10194:
10164:
9987:
9875:
9599:
9594:
9365:
8930:
7558:
6259:"IBM Extends Watson.x Governance & Compliance with Manta Acquisition"
4350:
3792:"IBM Realigns Its Storage Business To Match Data-Driven Enterprise Needs"
3094:
3024:
2916:
2558:
2518:
2485:
2288:
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2058:
1936:
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1493:
The key trends of IBM are (as at the financial year ending December 31):
1486:
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In late 2022, IBM started a collaboration with new Japanese manufacturer
1365:
1303:
1223:
1169:
1158:
813:
773:
479:
449:
386:
9157:
The Limits of Strategy: Lessons in Leadership from the Computer Industry
9029:
The Interface: IBM and the Transformation of Corporate Design, 1945–1976
7554:"IBM Makes Granite AI Models Open-Source Under New InstructLab Platform"
6283:
Malik, Yuvraj; Gaffen, David (November 17, 2023). Shumaker, Lisa (ed.).
5216:"IBM, Under Armour Team Up To Bring Cognitive Computing To Fitness Apps"
4568:
Lefever, Guy; Pesanello, Michele; Fraser, Heather; Taurman, Lee (2011).
4411:. Associated Press. September 6, 1992. p. D14 – via ProQuest.
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9400:
7352:"IBM's Watson Now A Customer Service Agent, Coming To Smartphones Soon"
6998:"IBM delivers Power-based chip for Microsoft Xbox 360 worldwide launch"
6671:"Warren Buffett says Berkshire Hathaway has sold completely out of IBM"
6414:
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2759:
2747:
2735:
2708:
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2230:
In January 2019, IBM introduced its first commercial quantum computer:
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938:
859:
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336:
332:
316:
138:
132:
75:
9244:
8145:"In an I.B.M. Village, Pollution Fears Taint Relations With Neighbors"
6153:"IBM sells Watson Health assets to investment firm Francisco Partners"
4366:"'Break Up IBM,' Cry Some Investors Who See Value in Those Baby Blues"
2569:
generated by a business for 29 consecutive years for the achievement.
121:
11877:
11867:
11842:
11724:
11686:
11419:
11394:
11374:
11309:
11148:
10981:
10720:
10705:
10660:
10592:
10557:
10522:
9674:
9667:
9483:
9405:
9395:
9116:
7885:
The Essential Guide to Computing: The Story of Information Technology
7636:
6696:
5158:"Tencent teams up with IBM to offer business software over the cloud"
5016:"Lenovo says $ 2.1 billion IBM x86 server deal to close on Wednesday"
4264:
3582:. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. (published January 1, 2003). p. 833.
3243:"Certificate of Incorporation of Computing-Tabulating-Recording-Co",
3090:
2990:
2958:
2920:
2763:
2712:
2608:
2604:
2498:
2409:
2192:
2144:
2120:
2062:
1985:
1961:
1857:
1853:
1813:
1797:
1793:
1430:
for $ 1.5 billion. In January 2022, IBM announced it would sell
1405:
1323:
1311:
1287:
1263:
1246:
1242:
1230:
was originally part of the joint venture and was sold by LG in 2012.
1053:
On April 7, 1964, IBM launched the first computer system family, the
946:
647:
298:
59:
50:
8163:
6122:"IBM to Acquire Software Provider Turbonomic for Over $ 1.5 Billion"
5104:"Landmark IBM Twitter partnership to help businesses make decisions"
1117:
to the public in 1981, when they entered into a swap agreement. The
1084:
In 1969, the United States of America alleged that IBM violated the
675:
generated by a business for 29 consecutive years from 1993 to 2021.
11939:
11852:
11787:
11676:
11579:
11479:
11359:
11354:
11108:
11069:
10939:
10766:
10290:
10038:
9982:
9747:
9732:
9715:
9560:
9488:
9458:
8979:
IBM Redux: Lou Gerstner & The Business Turnaround of the Decade
7734:
6638:"Warren Buffett never liked tech stocks. So why does he own Apple?"
6056:"IBM names Martin Schroeter as CEO of $ 19B NewCo services spinoff"
5964:"IBM to Spin Off Services Unit to Accelerate Cloud-Computing Pivot"
5270:"Microsoft just made a deal with IBM – and Apple should be nervous"
4902:"Lenovo Completes Acquisition Of IBM's Personal Computing Division"
4515:. Associated Press. July 28, 1993. p. B6 – via ProQuest.
3304:
2867:
2855:
2751:
2634:
became the third female member of the Master's governing body, the
2612:
2510:
2253:
2246:
2213:
2209:
2050:
2042:
1977:
1928:
1833:
1409:
737:
344:
320:
288:
11951:
10439:
8740:"IBM stands for "I'm by myself' for teleworkers of the blue giant"
7476:
2699:
New IBM employees being welcomed to a bootcamp at IBM Austin, 2015
2041:, which were designed into many console gaming systems, including
1935:. Van der Rohe's building in Chicago was recognized with the 1990
11439:
11369:
11364:
11349:
11319:
11314:
11173:
10996:
10946:
10811:
10690:
10680:
10639:
Major personal computer, server, and mainframe hardware companies
10597:
10587:
10300:
9742:
9737:
9679:
9510:
9438:
9093:
Broken Promises: An Unconventional View of What Went Wrong at IBM
8550:
7972:"IBM CEO Ginni Rometty is Augusta National's third female member"
7738:
6095:
3816:
3216:
2819:
2791:
2779:
2577:
2566:
2562:
2421:
2140:
1821:
1805:
1449:
1420:
1390:
1379:
1375:
1295:
1154:
1133:, dedicated to small printers; and more. Lexmark was acquired by
1130:
999:
995:
982:
In 1956, the company demonstrated the first practical example of
964:
942:
930:
891:
883:
429:
7520:"IBM exits facial recognition business, calls for police reform"
4424:"The Executive Computer; Can I.B.M. Learn From a Unit It Freed?"
1183:
11857:
11822:
11739:
11734:
11701:
11671:
11654:
11644:
11501:
11138:
11123:
10986:
10976:
10951:
10786:
10781:
10695:
10685:
10477:
9727:
9700:
9657:
9635:
9555:
7604:"The A.I. Boom Has an Unlikely Early Winner: Wonky Consultants"
6309:"Advertisers Push Back at Social Media Firms over Antisemitism"
5878:"IBM to break up 109-year old company to focus on cloud growth"
5423:"GlobalFoundries completes IBM chip acquisition | bit-tech.net"
4828:
3766:"The Evolution Of AI: From IBM And AWS To OpenAI and Anthropic"
2859:
2811:
2771:
2627:
2428:
1825:
1315:
1268:
1238:
1208:
1126:
1118:
1070:
749:
729:
672:
5909:"IBM spins off a quarter of the company to focus on the cloud"
2186:
and machine learning to reveal insights from large amounts of
11807:
11706:
11633:
11599:
11526:
11456:
11424:
11274:
11240:
11143:
10919:
10761:
10532:
10492:
10467:
9348:
8598:
Steele, Guy L. (2011). "An interview with Frances E. Allen".
6755:"IBM's New Headquarters Reflects A Change in Corporate Style"
6157:
5734:"IBM to Acquire Linux Distributor Red Hat for $ 33.4 Billion"
5731:
Hammond, Ed; Porter, Kiel; Barinka, Alex (October 28, 2018).
5370:"Sesame Workshop, IBM partner to use Watson for preschoolers"
5073:"Apple Teams Up With IBM For Huge, Expansive Enterprise Push"
4575:. IBM Institute for Business Value. p. 2. Archived from
4567:
2443:
2054:
2022:
1845:
1837:
1817:
1809:
1299:
728:, most notably selling its personal computer division to the
559:
12063:
Information technology consulting firms of the United States
11079:
Companies with annual software revenue of over US$ 3 billion
4761:"IBM, LG Electronics Call Halt To PC Joint Venture in Korea"
4062:
1393:
for $ 34 billion, which was completed on July 9, 2019.
11765:
11434:
11284:
11016:
10745:
10675:
10670:
9572:
9515:
9057:
IBM: How the World's Most Successful Corporation is Managed
7273:"IBM steps up its cloud partnership strategy with AWS deal"
4466:"With New Approach and Executive Team, IBM Seeks a Rebirth"
2997:
2738:
award, offered since 1963 based on technical achievement.
2506:
2226:(2019), the first circuit-based commercial quantum computer
2089:
2069:
1829:
1796:
is the Indian subsidiary of IBM, which is headquartered at
1212:
1192:
1078:
926:
401:
396:
126:
44:
12068:
Multinational companies headquartered in the United States
8549:. National Association of Sports Officials. Archived from
8203:"IBM Commits To Net Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions By 2030"
7857:
Logos, Letterheads & Business Cards: Design for Profit
7052:"IBM's 45nm SOI microprocessors at core of Nintendo Wii U"
5347:"Macy's Taps IBM, Satisfi for In-Store Shopping Companion"
4551:"IBM Power Personal Systems group to be folded into PC Co"
11862:
11564:
11168:
10715:
8515:"POP/JAZZ; A Band That Built a Career From the Ground Up"
7446:"IBM to build Europe's first quantum computer in Germany"
7025:"IBM microprocessors drive the new Nintendo WiiU console"
6208:"IBM finally shutters Russian operations, lays off staff"
4679:
Zimmerman, Michael R.; Lisa Dicarlo (December 14, 1998).
3052:
2542:
1283:
1173:
1074:
789:
376:
7327:. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Archived from
6305:
5478:"IBM Agrees to Acquire Weather Channel's Digital Assets"
5448:"IBM Buys Merge Healthcare to Boost Watson Health Cloud"
5397:"IBM, Salesforce Strike Global Partnership on Cloud, AI"
3378:"IBM100 - The Making of International Business Machines"
2883:
United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
2654:
from 2003 to 2012. In Japan, IBM employees also have an
1778:(Atlanta, Georgia, US). In Beijing, China, IBM occupies
1101:
ran exclusively on IBM computers. In 1974, IBM engineer
11474:
10898:
10452:
9209:
8061:"IBM Ends Its NFL Sponsorship Over Difference in Views"
6477:"IBM and the financial engineering economy: James Saft"
3186:
Tech companies in the New York City metropolitan region
2741:
2454:
developers. IBM has also released code under different
2190:. Watson was debuted in 2011 on the American game show
1757:
Research Triangle Park (Raleigh-Durham), North Carolina
1483:
largest overall company by revenue in the United States
1077:, and the middleware built on top of those such as the
626:
10910:
Companies with an annual revenue of over US$ 3 billion
10646:
Companies with an annual revenue of over US$ 3 billion
9252:
9068:
The Global IBM: Leadership in Multinational Management
8919:
The Silverlake Project: Transformation at IBM (AS/400)
8758:
8420:. Waterford, CT: Yorkin Publications. pp. 14–17.
4852:"South Korea slams IBM with server slush fund charges"
4528:"I.B.M. and Dell Stake Out the Little Picture in PC's"
3554:"IBM | Founding, History, & Products | Britannica"
3408:"Trust and responsibility. Earned and practiced daily"
1782:, the city's seventh tallest building and overlooking
1222:
and IBM announced that their business alliance in the
12103:
International information technology consulting firms
11904:
8469:"Official Manual of the State of Missouri, 1993–1994"
8220:
across the more than 175 countries where it operates.
7539:"IBM rolls out new generative AI features and models"
7477:"IBM to build its first European quantum data center"
5189:"Cisco and IBM's New Partnership Is a Lot About Talk"
4678:
4344:
4160:
2287:
models based on confidential data. A year later, IBM
8636:
5730:
4135:
Wherever Men Trade: The Romance of the Cash Register
4044:
The Lengthening Shadow: The Life of Thomas J. Watson
4040:
Belden, Thomas Graham; Belden, Marva Robins (1962).
2488:
involvement has not been trouble-free, however (see
1441:
On March 7, 2022, a few days after the start of the
8805:"The Union Avoidance Industry in the United States"
5324:"IBM, CSC Expand Their Cloud Deal to the Mainframe"
5131:"IBM Announces Marketing Partnership With Facebook"
4748:(40). Plesman Publications: 6 – via ProQuest.
4495:. Dow Jones & Company: A3 – via ProQuest.
4372:. Dow Jones & Company: C1 – via ProQuest.
3249:, United States Government Printing Office, 1935 ,
2279:models with option to use other publicly available
1728:
Pangu Plaza, one of IBM's offices in Beijing, China
9178:
9138:Don't Talk – Do It! From Flying To Word Processing
9065:
8955:
8276:
8118:"Village of Endicott Environmental Investigations"
7882:
7444:
6307:
6022:
5962:
5732:
5689:
5688:Greene, Jay; McMillan, Robert (October 28, 2018).
4506:
4402:
4041:
3181:List of largest manufacturing companies by revenue
3101:, of the Zurich Research Center, in 1986, for the
3089:Five IBM employees have received the Nobel Prize:
2553:. Additionally, in 1990 company scientists used a
2135:(PaaS) offered through public, private and hybrid
2104:, which provides weather forecasting and includes
12018:Companies in the S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats
8573:"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1986 – Press Release"
8083:
5539:"IBM acquires Ustream, launches cloud video unit"
4656:
4633:"IBM to acquire PwC Consulting for $ 3.5 billion"
4630:
3275:"IBM Is Blowing Up Its Annual Performance Review"
3269:
3267:
3238:
3236:
2283:. Watsonx has multiple services for training and
2208:to assist with considering treatment options for
1704:In 2011, IBM became the first technology company
1459:In December 2023, IBM announced it would acquire
11964:
9506:Criminal Reduction Utilising Statistical History
8461:
7108:"New research initiative sees IBM commit $ 3 bn"
6715:
5470:
4557:(648). CMP Publications: 7 – via ProQuest.
4404:"Facts, Figures on IBM's 13 Decentralized Firms"
3305:"IBM – Arvind Krishna – Chief Executive Officer"
952:IBM as a military contractor produced 6% of the
12023:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
12003:Companies based in Westchester County, New York
9181:Father, Son & Co: My Life at IBM and Beyond
7814:Postphenomenology: A Critical Companion to Ihde
6839:"Company Overview of IBM China Company Limited"
6721:
5961:Fitch, Asa; Sebastian, Dave (October 8, 2020).
5691:"IBM to Acquire Red Hat for About $ 33 Billion"
4704:"The Strategy For I.B.M.: Loss-Leader PC Sales"
1883:(Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States), the
26:"Big Blue" redirects here. For other uses, see
7574:"The 10 largest consulting firms in the world"
6183:
5960:
5687:
5659:"IBM Buys Digital Part of The Weather Company"
5566:"IBM Acquires Ustream: Behind the Acquisition"
5018:(Press release). Reuters. September 29, 2014.
4959:"IBM to buy website hosting service SoftLayer"
4659:"IBM grabs consulting giant for $ 3.5 billion"
4255:
4065:Computer: A History of the Information Machine
3264:
3233:
1467:platforms for €2.13 billion ($ 2.33 billion).
1187:IBM inventions (clockwise from top-left): the
12008:Companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average
11226:
11053:
10884:
10624:
10425:
10401:
9268:
8382:"Fair Isaac CEO: FICO criticism isn't 'fair'"
5989:
3841:
3500:. IFI CLAIMS Patent Services. January 5, 2022
1341:In 2015, its chip division transitioned to a
16:American multinational technology corporation
12088:Software companies based in New York (state)
11067:
9090:
8689:. IBM Corp. January 23, 2003. Archived from
8225:
7806:
7804:
7022:
6507:"Boring IBM Just Got a Lot More Interesting"
4489:"IBM to Unveil New Structure of PC Business"
4385:"Big Blue still breaking up its bureaucracy"
4039:
12013:Companies in the Dow Jones Global Titans 50
10754:
9132:
9091:Mills, D. Quinn; Friesen, G. Bruce (1996).
8675:
8306:
7854:Morgan, Conway Lloyd; Foges, Chris (2004).
7853:
7382:"IBM Unveils Q System One Quantum Computer"
6537:"IBM Fundamentalanalyse | KGV | Kennzahlen"
6282:
5933:
5628:"Groupon sues 'once-great' IBM over patent"
5243:"IBM, Box Cloud Partnership: What It Means"
5070:
4932:"IBM Plans to Acquire Texas Memory Systems"
4178:"Made in the USA: American tech inventions"
3113:, also of Zurich, in 1987, for research in
2358:, is one of 12 IBM research labs worldwide.
1966:National Medal of Technology and Innovation
1719:
1251:National Medal of Technology and Innovation
1241:and, in 2009, it acquired software company
1061:in 1970. Together the 360 and 370 made the
796:. The company has made inroads in advanced
644:International Business Machines Corporation
38:International Business Machines Corporation
12058:Electronics companies of the United States
11233:
11219:
11060:
11046:
10891:
10877:
10631:
10617:
10432:
10418:
9275:
9261:
9214:
9154:
6912:"IBM Investing $ 3B in Internet of Things"
6815:. Dolce Hotels and Resorts. Archived from
6753:Zuckerman, Laurence (September 17, 1997).
5500:
5155:
4824:"IBM, LG Electronics to End Joint Venture"
4738:"Big Blue to combine PC division with PSG"
4235:(in German). James Lorimer & Company.
2174:
1891:(Seattle, Washington, United States), the
1412:to ensure the ethical use and practice of
1235:sold all of its personal computer business
933:electronic data processing machine in 1957
58:
11242:Electronics industry in the United States
8379:
8362:
7801:
7735:"IBM invests in Brazil Linux Tech Center"
7100:
6752:
6668:
6387:
6330:
6053:
5875:
5102:Nordqvist, Christian (November 2, 2014).
5101:
4691:(50). Ziff-Davis: 1 – via ProQuest.
4131:
3654:"IBM Is the World's Biggest Patent Troll"
3461:
3459:
2237:IBM also provides infrastructure for the
1658:
11983:Technology companies established in 1911
9007:
8985:
8902:. London: Croom Helm. pp. 130–160.
8565:
8030:"IBM, Olympics Part Ways After 40 Years"
7889:. Publisher: Prentice Hall PTR. p.
7810:
7716:"IBM launches biggest Linux lineup ever"
7110:. San Francisco News.Net. Archived from
6444:Sorkin, Andrew Ross (October 20, 2014).
6020:
5990:Bendor-Samuel, Peter (October 9, 2020).
5934:Bursztynsky, Jessica (October 8, 2020).
5240:
5213:
4758:
4508:"IBM reports record loss of $ 8 billion"
4364:Miller, Michael W. (November 10, 1992).
4277:
4097:
4095:
4093:
2702:
2694:
2576:
2438:IBM has been a leading proponent of the
2392:in New York, and facilities include the
2361:
2345:
2218:
1956:
1879:(Chicago, Illinois, United States), the
1784:Beijing National Stadium ("Bird's Nest")
1723:
1385:In 2015, IBM bought the digital part of
1282:In 2014 IBM announced it would sell its
1182:
1041:
1020:
961:Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator
921:
12098:Software companies of the United States
12073:National Medal of Technology recipients
12028:Computer companies of the United States
11978:1911 establishments in New York (state)
9026:
8953:
8900:Industrial change in advanced economies
8812:British Journal of Industrial Relations
8380:La Monica, Paul R. (February 8, 2008).
8142:
7920:. IBM. January 23, 2003. Archived from
7880:
7785:. IBM. January 23, 2003. Archived from
7767:. IBM. November 1, 2001. Archived from
7536:
7031:from the original on September 26, 2020
6186:"Update on Our Actions: War in Ukraine"
5906:
5817:
5656:
5625:
5458:from the original on September 25, 2020
5294:
4965:from the original on September 24, 2015
4794:
4735:
4701:
4612:from the original on September 20, 2020
4570:"Life science: Fade or flourish ?"
4463:
4440:
4382:
4230:
4109:. IBM. January 23, 2003. Archived from
3972:
3886:"Dey dial recorder, early 20th century"
3729:
3703:
3364:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
3121:, including the first female recipient
2572:
1249:supercomputing program was awarded the
1046:IBM guidance computer hardware for the
732:in 2005. IBM has since concentrated on
11988:American companies established in 1911
11965:
9173:
9123:
9063:
9054:
9045:
8863:. EndicottAlliance.org. Archived from
8597:
8440:
8417:Women in World History, Vol. 7: Harr-I
8410:
8368:
8350:from the original on December 25, 2021
8264:from the original on February 13, 2019
8040:from the original on November 13, 2020
7765:"Interview: The Eclipse code donation"
7669:from the original on November 11, 2020
7643:from the original on December 16, 2020
7601:
7597:
7595:
7457:from the original on November 19, 2020
7442:
7392:from the original on December 24, 2020
7362:from the original on November 12, 2020
7253:from the original on December 29, 2017
7201:from the original on December 14, 2020
7132:
7004:from the original on December 17, 2006
6952:from the original on December 19, 2020
6893:
6887:
6703:from the original on December 30, 2020
6443:
6425:from the original on December 31, 2020
6320:from the original on January 17, 2024.
6295:from the original on December 6, 2023.
6200:
6151:Condon, Stephanie (January 21, 2022).
6150:
6002:from the original on November 29, 2020
5942:from the original on November 11, 2020
5915:from the original on November 26, 2020
5805:from the original on December 16, 2020
5745:from the original on September 2, 2020
5669:from the original on December 30, 2020
5563:
5519:from the original on December 14, 2020
5403:from the original on November 11, 2020
5267:
5249:from the original on November 21, 2020
5241:Franklin, Curtis Jr. (June 26, 2015).
5110:from the original on November 12, 2020
5083:from the original on December 15, 2020
5071:Etherington, Darrell (July 15, 2014).
5022:from the original on November 17, 2015
4983:
4681:"Not Your Father's PC Company Anymore"
4487:Hooper, Lawrence (September 3, 1992).
4486:
4363:
4138:. New York (NY): Dodd, Mead & Co.
4067:. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
3996:from the original on February 25, 2021
3677:
3465:
3456:
2206:Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
2196:, where it competed against champions
2012:
872:Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company
748:. Since 2000, its supercomputers have
680:Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company
219:Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company
197:Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company
90:Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company
11214:
11041:
10872:
10612:
10413:
10400:
9641:Center for The Business of Government
9256:
8929:
8916:
8897:
8890:History of IBM § Further reading
8802:
8746:from the original on February 2, 2017
8642:
8539:
8527:from the original on October 10, 2013
8495:from the original on January 24, 2012
8449:from the original on December 9, 2020
8441:Miller, Zeke J. (November 19, 2013).
8392:from the original on October 22, 2020
8124:from the original on October 25, 2020
8058:
8009:from the original on October 25, 2020
7732:
7305:from the original on October 30, 2016
7227:from the original on October 25, 2020
7188:
7165:"IBM to pay US$ 1.2 billion for SPSS"
7145:from the original on October 21, 2020
7088:from the original on October 15, 2018
7049:
6875:from the original on October 12, 2020
6724:"Dominance Ended, I.B.M. Fights Back"
6669:Belvedere, Matthew J. (May 4, 2018).
6650:from the original on November 8, 2020
6635:
6165:from the original on January 21, 2022
6066:from the original on January 11, 2021
6035:from the original on November 9, 2020
6021:Moorhead, Patrick (October 9, 2020).
5888:from the original on October 15, 2020
5876:Vengattil, Munsif (October 9, 2020).
5775:from the original on October 28, 2018
5712:from the original on November 9, 2020
5638:from the original on November 8, 2020
5607:from the original on October 31, 2020
5576:from the original on January 22, 2016
5545:from the original on October 15, 2020
5506:
5488:from the original on October 13, 2020
5376:from the original on October 15, 2020
5222:from the original on November 8, 2020
5195:from the original on October 27, 2020
5168:from the original on October 23, 2020
5137:from the original on November 8, 2020
4602:"IBM Archives: Louis V. Gerstner, Jr"
4548:
4422:Lewis, Peter H. (December 22, 1991).
4421:
4326:from the original on November 9, 2020
4296:from the original on January 14, 2022
4203:
4103:"Chronological History of IBM, 1910s"
4090:
3896:from the original on October 23, 2020
3842:Aswad, Ed; Meredith, Suzanne (2005).
3577:
3548:
3546:
3531:from the original on January 27, 2023
3478:from the original on January 30, 2021
3466:Bajpai, Prableen (January 29, 2021).
3444:from the original on December 5, 2019
3285:from the original on October 29, 2020
3133:have been awarded to IBM employees.
2685:
2583:John F. Kennedy International Airport
2501:and developments by IBM include: the
2478:relational database management system
2275:toolkit that is powered by IBM's own
1010:and introduced the highly successful
994:, New York, laboratory programmed an
10329:
9110:
8976:
8784:from the original on January 9, 2021
8720:from the original on January 6, 2021
8663:from the original on January 9, 2021
8575:. Nobel Media AB. October 15, 1986.
8507:
8414:(2000). "Harris, Patricia Roberts".
8320:from the original on January 3, 2018
8098:from the original on January 9, 2021
8071:from the original on August 28, 2020
7978:from the original on January 9, 2021
7945:"IBM and Masters Celebrate 20 Years"
7835:from the original on January 9, 2021
7745:from the original on January 8, 2021
7718:. IBM. March 2, 1999. Archived from
7551:
7424:from the original on January 8, 2021
7417:. Road Armonk, NY: IBM Corporation.
7191:"IBM to Acquire the Weather Company"
6793:from the original on August 31, 2020
6734:from the original on August 27, 2020
6474:
6256:
6054:Deutscher, Maria (January 7, 2021).
5971:from the original on January 6, 2021
5857:from the original on January 7, 2021
5853:. IBM Corporation. October 8, 2020.
5594:
5509:"IBM to Acquire the Weather Company"
5344:
5321:
5303:from the original on August 23, 2020
5214:Terdiman, Daniel (January 6, 2016).
5156:Kyung-Hoon, Kim (November 3, 2014).
4996:from the original on January 4, 2021
4956:
4759:Won Choi, Hae (September 15, 2004).
4549:Burke, Steven (September 11, 1995).
4525:
4278:Sullivan, Lawrence A. (April 1982).
4175:
3956:. Florida Time Clock. Archived from
3866:from the original on January 8, 2021
3789:
3730:Helmore, Edward (December 4, 2023).
3604:"Origin of the IBM PC | Low End Mac"
3432:
3136:
2742:Notable current and former employees
2396:in California, Austin lab in Texas,
2302:
2291:Granite code models and put them on
2256:. The center, to be operated by the
1867:Other notable buildings include the
1470:
1349:design, offloading manufacturing to
189:International Time Recording Company
9126:Saving Big Blue: IBM's Lou Gerstner
8917:Bauer, Roy A.; et al. (1992).
8711:
8579:from the original on August 2, 2018
8151:from the original on August 8, 2020
8027:
7969:
7951:from the original on August 8, 2020
7942:
7696:from the original on August 9, 2020
7592:
7537:Wiggers, Kyle (September 7, 2023).
7189:Hardy, Quentin (October 28, 2015).
6922:from the original on August 9, 2020
6722:Salmans, Sandra (January 9, 1982).
6517:from the original on April 29, 2021
6487:from the original on April 29, 2021
6456:from the original on April 10, 2021
5907:Goodwin, Jazmin (October 8, 2020).
5657:Goldman, David (October 28, 2015).
5507:Hardy, Quentin (October 28, 2015).
5276:from the original on August 9, 2020
4657:Stephen Shankland (July 31, 2002).
4631:Linda Rosencrance (July 30, 2002).
4464:Burgess, John (November 26, 1992).
4441:Burgess, John (September 3, 1992).
4383:Ziegler, Bart (September 6, 1992).
3930:from the original on April 20, 2011
3518:
3426:
3253:from the original on August 3, 2020
3198:using IBM superconducting computers
3127:National Medals of Technology (USA)
2996:Other former IBM employees include
2507:dynamic random access memory (DRAM)
2182:is a technology platform that uses
2025:series. The most recent model, the
13:
8883:
8714:"IBM stands for 'I've Been Moved'"
7996:
7819:State University of New York Press
6978:from the original on June 13, 2017
6849:from the original on June 26, 2020
6767:from the original on March 5, 2016
6102:from the original on June 14, 2021
5564:McLain, Tilly (January 21, 2016).
5186:
5128:
5052:from the original on March 4, 2016
4736:Greiner, Lynn (October 22, 1999).
4702:Hansell, Saul (October 25, 1999).
4345:Ross; Westerfield; Jordan (2010).
3845:Images of America: IBM in Endicott
3763:
3543:
3352:
3315:from the original on March 8, 2022
3176:List of largest Internet companies
3150:
2730:IBM's leadership programs include
2408:in Israel, India lab in Delhi and
2245:to perform data visualizations of
2032:
1800:, Karnataka. It has facilities in
1475:
690:. During the 1960s and 1970s, the
185:Computing Scale Company of America
49:Logo used since 1972, designed by
14:
12114:
9310:PC business acquisition by Lenovo
9201:
9113:Building IBM: Shaping an Industry
9031:. University of Minnesota Press.
8314:"Executive Biographies – Lisa Su"
8260:. 01.ibm.com. September 7, 2007.
8143:Chittum, Samme (March 15, 2004).
7999:"Why IBM dominates the U.S. Open"
7349:
7133:Dignan, Larry (August 23, 2016).
6599:from the original on July 8, 2020
6369:from the original on May 15, 2024
5626:Stempel, Jonathan (May 9, 2016).
5394:
5367:
5295:Forrest, Conner (June 14, 2016).
4984:Joseph, George (March 20, 2019).
4846:
4797:"LG, IBM to split by end of year"
4795:Sung-ha, Park (August 30, 2004).
4347:Fundamentals of Corporate Finance
4267:. pp. 140–143, 175–176, 237.
4048:. Little, Brown and Co. pp.
3916:"Hollerith 1890 Census Tabulator"
3498:"2021 Top 50 US Patent Assignees"
3117:. Six IBM employees have won the
2734:, an internship program, and the
2115:
713:, which soon became known as the
11950:
11938:
11926:
11914:
10848:Home computer hardware companies
10339:
10338:
10328:
10319:
10318:
10008:Sabre airline reservation system
9854:Thomas J. Watson Research Center
8853:
8824:10.1111/j.1467-8543.2006.00518.x
8796:
8770:. IBM Press. November 11, 2008.
8732:
8591:
8475:
8434:
8404:
8373:
8332:
8250:
8195:
8171:"IBM's ESG Datasheet for 2020Q4"
8136:
8110:
8089:
8052:
8021:
7990:
7963:
7936:
7910:
7874:
7847:
7775:
7757:
7726:
7708:
7687:
7681:
7655:
7629:
7566:
7545:
7530:
7512:
7494:
7469:
7436:
7404:
7374:
7343:
7317:
7291:
7265:
7247:"Cloud computing news: Security"
7239:
7213:
7182:
7157:
7126:
7074:
7043:
7016:
6990:
6964:
6934:
6904:
6861:
6831:
6805:
6779:
6746:
6689:
6677:from the original on May 4, 2018
6662:
6629:
6611:
6585:
6555:
6529:
6499:
6475:Saft, James (October 21, 2014).
6468:
6446:"The Truth About IBM's Buybacks"
6437:
6407:
6381:
6359:"IBM Market Cap 2010–2023 | IBM"
6351:
6324:
6299:
6276:
6250:
6232:
6214:
6184:Arvind Krishna (March 7, 2022).
6177:
6144:
6132:from the original on May 1, 2021
6114:
6078:
6047:
6014:
5983:
5954:
5927:
5900:
3678:Mullin, Joe (January 31, 2019).
3209:
3131:National Medals of Science (USA)
2902:U.S. Secretary of Transportation
2715:exhibition match on campus, 2011
2669:
2539:SABRE airline reservation system
2390:Thomas J. Watson Research Center
2352:Thomas J. Watson Research Center
2306:
1485:. IBM ranked No. 38 on the 2020
588:
587:
567:
566:
546:
545:
526:
525:
503:
502:
43:
10843:Computer hardware manufacturers
9521:Information Management Software
8991:Who Says Elephants can't Dance?
8547:"Board of Directors — Officers"
8177:. June 30, 2021. Archived from
7602:Mickle, Tripp (June 26, 2024).
5992:"IBM Splits Into Two Companies"
5869:
5843:
5787:
5757:
5724:
5681:
5650:
5619:
5597:"Big Blue isn't so big anymore"
5588:
5557:
5541:. USA Today. January 21, 2016.
5531:
5440:
5415:
5388:
5361:
5338:
5315:
5288:
5261:
5234:
5207:
5180:
5149:
5122:
5095:
5064:
5034:
5008:
4977:
4957:Saba, Jennifer (June 5, 2013).
4950:
4924:
4894:
4869:
4840:
4816:
4788:
4752:
4729:
4695:
4672:
4650:
4624:
4594:
4561:
4542:
4519:
4499:
4480:
4457:
4434:
4415:
4395:
4376:
4357:
4338:
4308:
4271:
4249:
4224:
4197:
4188:
4169:
4125:
4081:
4056:
4033:
4008:
3942:
3908:
3878:
3835:
3809:
3783:
3757:
3723:
3697:
3671:
3646:
3621:
3596:
3571:
3512:
3490:
3384:. March 7, 2012. Archived from
2858:chairman Brian McBride, former
2239:New York City Police Department
1901:IBM Canada Head Office Building
827:and one of 30 companies in the
678:IBM was founded in 1911 as the
635:Footnotes / references
392:Information Management Software
12093:Storage Area Network companies
10274:International chess tournament
10054:Globally integrated enterprise
10044:Commercial Processing Workload
8958:Big Blues: The Unmaking of IBM
7733:Hamid, Farrah (May 24, 2006).
7552:Nine, Adrianna (May 7, 2024).
7443:Miller, Joe (March 13, 2020).
5345:Taft, Darryl (July 22, 2016).
5322:Taft, Darryl (July 25, 2016).
4526:Lohr, Steve (August 2, 1993).
3684:Electronic Frontier Foundation
3519:Gil, Darío (January 6, 2023).
3400:
3370:
3327:
3297:
3191:Top 100 US Federal Contractors
2503:automated teller machine (ATM)
2427:In terms of investment, IBM's
2092:, a software package used for
1360:, and all digital assets from
1237:to Chinese technology company
904:National Cash Register Company
1:
11447:Westinghouse Electric Company
10013:Scanning tunneling microscope
8803:Logan, John (December 2006).
8483:"Katherine Harris' Biography"
7881:Walters, E. Garrison (2001).
7249:. ibm.com. October 21, 2015.
7050:Leung, Isaac (June 8, 2011).
7023:Staff Writer (June 8, 2011).
6210:. The Register. June 7, 2022.
5595:Egan, Matt (April 19, 2016).
4449:. p. B11. Archived from
4176:Ngak, Chenda (July 4, 2012).
3226:
3103:scanning tunneling microscope
2555:scanning tunneling microscope
2298:
1141:shortly after its formation.
1033:
870:forming a fifth company, the
709:market in the 1980s with the
688:punch-card tabulating systems
12053:Display technology companies
10442:Dow Jones Industrial Average
9012:. MBI Concepts Corporation.
8643:Smith, Paul Russell (1999).
8059:Jinks, Beth (June 5, 2012).
7811:Selinger, Evan, ed. (2006).
6942:"Digital workplace services"
6399:. Ziff-Davis. Archived from
4472:. p. D1. Archived from
4263:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
4231:Pauwels, Jacques R. (2017).
4132:Marcosson, Isaac F. (1945).
3989:. June 10, 1911. p. 1.
3468:"Top Patent Holders of 2020"
3196:Quantum Energy Teleportation
3029:Western Governors University
2788:Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)
2690:
2547:Universal Product Code (UPC)
1693:as well as the president of
1414:Artificial Intelligence (AI)
829:Dow Jones Industrial Average
770:dynamic random-access memory
7:
12033:Computer hardware companies
11200:Category:Software companies
9881:Canada Head Office Building
9871:Cambridge Scientific Center
9763:Science Research Associates
9531:Mainframe operating systems
9155:von Simson, Ernest (2009).
9095:. Harvard Business School.
9008:Greulich, Peter E. (2014).
7783:"IBM Archives: "IBM" atoms"
7637:"IBM Research: Global labs"
7082:"Building a smarter planet"
6569:(in German). Archived from
6128:. Reuters. April 30, 2021.
5967:. The Wall Street Journal.
5129:Ha, Anthony (May 6, 2015).
4349:(9th, alternate ed.).
3164:
2650:from 1960 to 2000, and the
2341:
2184:natural language processing
2125:infrastructure as a service
2083:
2007:
1976:, artificial intelligence,
1946:
1881:Cambridge Scientific Center
1443:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1396:In February of 2020, IBM's
1092:Also in 1969, IBM engineer
979:series, beginning in 1958.
852:Electric Tabulating Machine
698:, was the world's dominant
181:Bundy Manufacturing Company
10:
12119:
12038:Computer systems companies
11195:Largest software companies
10962:Hewlett Packard Enterprise
9942:Virtual Universe Community
9663:International subsidiaries
9583:Service Automation Manager
8887:
8649:. Kogan Page. p. 24.
8189:November 10, 2021, at the
7860:. Rotovision. p. 15.
4391:: E3 – via ProQuest.
4016:"The origins of IBM | IBM"
3335:"IBM Newsroom - Gary Cohn"
3171:List of electronics brands
3154:
2906:White House Chief of Staff
2636:Augusta National Golf Club
2450:, which includes over 300
2356:Yorktown Heights, New York
2267:In May 2023, IBM revealed
2037:In 1990, IBM released the
1950:
1911:(Greenock, Scotland), and
1765:Silicon Valley, California
1662:
1408:to sign a pledge with the
1176:which was merged into its
1147:Ambra Computer Corporation
838:
834:
193:Tabulating Machine Company
25:
18:
11998:Collier Trophy recipients
11993:Cloud computing providers
11800:
11753:
11715:
11555:
11465:
11255:
11248:
11182:
11084:
11077:
10915:
10908:
10830:
10804:
10651:
10644:
10448:
10407:
10402:Links to related articles
10314:
10203:
10145:
10072:
10031:
9960:
9894:
9790:
9693:
9628:
9619:
9471:
9421:
9336:
9329:
9320:
9290:
9111:Pugh, Emerson W. (1996).
8861:"IBM Global Unions Links"
8601:Communications of the ACM
8284:"Timothy D. Cook Profile"
8147:. New York Times Online.
7000:. IBM. October 25, 2005.
6869:"Watson IoT Headquarters"
5570:Ustream Online Video Blog
4513:Austin American-Statesman
3069:Nobel Prize in Literature
2721:world's largest employers
2678:. IBM reported its total
2163:to secure customer data.
1905:IBM Somers Office Complex
1794:IBM India Private Limited
1261:, which was exhibited on
762:technological innovations
633:
621:
609:
599:
579:
557:
537:
517:
498:
472:
354:
312:
275:
265:
248:
235:George Winthrop Fairchild
230:
202:
176:
166:
148:
106:
96:
85:
73:
57:
42:
28:Big Blue (disambiguation)
11452:Westinghouse Electronics
9968:Automated teller machine
9922:The Great Mind Challenge
9305:Mergers and acquisitions
8209:. IBM. February 16, 2021
6789:. IBM. October 2, 2018.
5106:. Market Business News.
4389:Colorado Springs-Gazette
3202:
2804:Citizens Financial Group
2707:Employees demonstrating
2652:National Football League
2139:. For instance, the IBM
2029:, was released in 2022.
2000:, digital workplace and
1941:National Building Museum
1925:Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
1885:IBM Toronto Software Lab
1732:IBM is headquartered in
1720:Headquarters and offices
1330:, the parent company of
1048:Saturn V Instrument Unit
1004:SABRE reservation system
790:SQL programming language
766:automated teller machine
12083:Point of sale companies
9927:Linux Technology Center
9282:
9230:Business data for IBM:
9124:Slater, Robert (1999).
9046:Heller, Robert (1994).
8923:Oxford University Press
8614:10.1145/1866739.1866752
8258:"Extreme Blue web page"
5697:The Wall Street Journal
4766:The Wall Street Journal
4493:The Wall Street Journal
4370:The Wall Street Journal
4233:Big Business and Hitler
4194:(Rodgers, THINK, p. 83)
3950:"Employee Punch Clocks"
3890:scienceandsociety.co.uk
3360:"US SEC: Form 10-K IBM"
3080:11th national president
3067:, and recipient of the
2879:Patricia Roberts Harris
2448:Linux Technology Center
2442:, and began supporting
2264:enforcement agencies."
2212:patients and for doing
2175:Artificial intelligence
2161:cryptographic splitting
2021:, the latest being the
1774:(Montreal, Canada) and
1434:to private equity firm
1218:On September 14, 2004,
984:artificial intelligence
825:publicly traded company
806:artificial intelligence
605:282,200 (December 2023)
325:Artificial intelligence
208:; 100 years ago
12048:Data quality companies
11848:National Semiconductor
11761:Cadence Design Systems
10252:Dynamic infrastructure
10217:Big Blue sports teams
10023:Universal Product Code
9072:. Dodd, Mead. p.
9064:Mercer, David (1988).
9055:Mercer, David (1987).
9027:Harwood, John (2011).
8987:Gerstner, Louis V. Jr.
8954:Carroll, Paul (1993).
7084:. Asmarterplanet.com.
6595:. IBM. March 9, 2020.
5077:marketbusinessnews.com
4877:"Laptop Retrospective"
4555:Computer Reseller News
4257:Campbell-Kelly, Martin
3037:University of Kentucky
2908:. Alumni also include
2840:Fair Isaac Corporation
2796:Cadence Design Systems
2716:
2700:
2586:
2559:individual xenon atoms
2440:Open Source Initiative
2377:
2359:
2227:
2017:Since 1954, IBM sells
1969:
1889:IBM Building (Seattle)
1729:
1659:Board and shareholders
1203:
1168:was hired as CEO from
1135:Clayton & Dubilier
1107:Universal Product Code
1050:
1039:
1031:University of Michigan
934:
435:IBM Quantum Experience
372:IBM Planning Analytics
171:Information technology
12078:Outsourcing companies
11585:Cypress Semiconductor
11557:Semiconductor devices
11467:Electronic components
11022:Transcend Information
10538:Johnson & Johnson
10384:Vacuum tube computers
10268:IBM and the Holocaust
10233:Common Public License
10118:Louis V. Gerstner Jr.
9901:Academy of Technology
9356:Power microprocessors
9140:. Independent Books.
8767:Intelligent Mentoring
8553:on September 15, 2007
8181:on November 10, 2021.
7771:on December 18, 2009.
7722:on November 10, 1999.
7027:. mybroadband.co.za.
6871:. IBM. May 17, 2017.
6819:on September 17, 2016
4934:. IBM. Archived from
4908:. IBM. Archived from
4409:The Salt Lake Tribune
4204:Black, Edwin (2008).
3892:. UK Science Museum.
3578:Press, Larry (2003).
3144:Louis V. Gerstner Jr.
3084:Boy Scouts of America
2894:United States Cabinet
2706:
2698:
2580:
2365:
2349:
2222:
2137:cloud delivery models
2133:platform as a service
2129:software as a service
2088:Since 2009, IBM owns
2039:Power microprocessors
1960:
1899:(Yamato, Japan), the
1893:IBM Hakozaki Facility
1869:IBM Rome Software Lab
1727:
1294:, Twitter, Facebook,
1245:Later in 2009, IBM's
1233:In 2005, the company
1186:
1086:Sherman Antitrust Act
1045:
1024:
929:researchers using an
925:
900:Thomas J. Watson, Sr.
868:Charles Ranlett Flint
866:in New York State by
719:intellectual property
711:IBM Personal Computer
694:, exemplified by the
485:Professional services
239:Charles Ranlett Flint
11537:Maxwell Technologies
11190:Largest IT companies
10957:Hitachi Data Systems
10838:Largest IT companies
10568:Procter & Gamble
9998:Magnetic stripe card
9947:World Community Grid
9823:Toronto Software Lab
9479:Carbon Design System
9434:Cell microprocessors
8962:. Crown Publishers.
8094:. Business Insider.
7789:on November 11, 2020
7692:. Business Insider.
7580:. September 25, 2017
7388:. January 10, 2019.
6593:"Board of Directors"
6573:on September 3, 2017
6391:(January 21, 2018).
6228:. December 12, 2023.
5829:The Associated Press
5771:. October 28, 2018.
5272:. Business Insider.
5245:. Information Week.
4912:on November 10, 2020
4881:Laptop Retrospective
4836:on October 22, 2004.
4802:Korea JoongAng Daily
4608:. January 23, 2003.
4582:on February 23, 2014
4534:: D2. Archived from
4166:Belden (1962) p. 125
4087:Belden (1962) p. 105
3954:floridatimeclock.com
3366:. February 26, 2024.
3281:. February 1, 2016.
3002:Michael J. Massimino
2987:Donald W. Riegle Jr.
2956:U.S. Representatives
2824:C. Michael Armstrong
2573:Brand and reputation
2527:magnetic stripe card
2460:platform-independent
2456:open-source licenses
2243:IBM Cognos Analytics
2094:statistical analysis
1953:List of IBM products
1907:(Somers, New York),
1895:(Tokyo, Japan), the
1788:2008 Summer Olympics
1761:Rochester, Minnesota
1201:magnetic stripe card
1098:magnetic stripe card
908:John Henry Patterson
782:magnetic stripe card
726:commodity production
616:List of subsidiaries
367:IBM Cognos Analytics
21:IBM (disambiguation)
19:For other uses, see
11295:Element Electronics
10972:Kingston Technology
10901:information storage
10858:Mainframe computers
10262:GUIDE International
10124:Samuel J. Palmisano
9983:Electronic keypunch
9807:One Atlantic Center
9777:Weather Underground
9773:The Weather Company
9134:Steinhilper, Ulrich
8977:Garr, Doug (1999).
8867:on October 14, 2013
8742:. African America.
7331:on October 13, 2016
6897:The Washington Post
6813:"Property Overview"
6643:The Washington Post
6513:. October 8, 2020.
6098:. January 8, 2021.
4938:on October 12, 2020
4856:www.theregister.com
4470:The Washington Post
4447:The Washington Post
3924:Columbia University
3078:also served as the
3031:president emeritus
3021:Harvey Mudd College
2758:CEO and politician
2624:major championships
2531:relational database
2511:electronic keypunch
2472:) license, and the
2382:Columbia University
2168:Amazon Web Services
2110:Weather Underground
2102:The Weather Company
2019:mainframe computers
2013:Mainframe computers
1897:IBM Yamato Facility
1776:One Atlantic Center
1679:Johnson and Johnson
1387:The Weather Company
1362:The Weather Company
1273:web hosting service
1178:IBM Global Services
810:data infrastructure
786:relational database
750:consistently ranked
746:scientific research
601:Number of employees
572:US$ 135.241 billion
39:
11888:Zenith Electronics
11783:Oracle Corporation
11625:Marvell Technology
11325:Jensen Electronics
11290:Dolby Laboratories
10652:Personal computers
10440:Components of the
10364:Personal computers
10354:Midrange computers
10344:Navigational boxes
10237:IBM Public License
10212:A Boy and His Atom
10170:Michelle J. Howard
10112:John Fellows Akers
10094:T. Vincent Learson
9801:1250 René-Lévesque
9541:Planning Analytics
9175:Watson, Thomas Jr.
8981:. Harper Business.
8841:on August 17, 2016
8693:on August 14, 2018
8520:The New York Times
8488:Project Vote Smart
8412:DeLaat, Jacqueline
7997:Snyder, Benjamin.
7924:on January 5, 2021
7608:The New York Times
7578:www.consultancy.uk
7195:The New York Times
6760:The New York Times
6728:The New York Times
6403:on March 10, 2023.
6314:The New York Times
6091:The Economic Times
5513:The New York Times
5454:. August 6, 2015.
5268:Weinberger, Matt.
5187:Vanian, Jonathan.
4708:The New York Times
4532:The New York Times
4428:The New York Times
4322:. Cummingsdesign.
4320:cummingsdesign.com
4113:on August 26, 2018
3987:The New York Times
3850:Arcadia Publishing
3823:. February 9, 2021
3704:Schestowitz, Roy.
3558:www.britannica.com
3388:on October 5, 2018
3045:University of Iowa
3006:Canadian astronaut
2979:Jim Ross Lightfoot
2717:
2711:capabilities in a
2701:
2686:People and culture
2676:Endicott, New York
2622:, one of the four
2620:Masters Tournament
2587:
2549:bar code, and the
2463:software framework
2420:and Africa lab in
2378:
2360:
2318:. You can help by
2258:Fraunhofer Society
2228:
2073:integrated circuit
1990:Internet of things
1970:
1875:(Winchester, UK),
1772:1250 René-Lévesque
1738:Colossus of Armonk
1730:
1713:Berkshire Hathaway
1695:Cornell University
1463:'s StreamSets and
1436:Francisco Partners
1371:A Boy and His Atom
1253:by U.S. President
1204:
1067:mainframe computer
1051:
1040:
935:
700:computing platform
662:technology company
593:US$ 22.613 billion
224:Endicott, New York
206:June 16, 1924
37:
11933:Telecommunication
11902:
11901:
11896:
11895:
11813:Atari Corporation
11796:
11795:
11744:Motorola Mobility
11697:Texas Instruments
11497:Applied Materials
11208:
11207:
11035:
11034:
10866:
10865:
10800:
10799:
10606:
10605:
10394:
10393:
10359:Operating systems
10221:American football
10190:Joseph R. Swedish
10185:Martha E. Pollack
10088:Thomas Watson Jr.
10049:Customer engineer
9973:Cynefin framework
9859:Hakozaki Facility
9818:Rome Software Lab
9786:
9785:
9615:
9614:
9568:Rational Software
9467:
9466:
9449:Personal Computer
9444:Midrange computer
9166:978-1-4401-9258-6
9083:978-0-396-09259-9
9038:978-0-8166-7039-0
9019:978-0-9833734-6-9
8993:. HarperCollins.
8969:978-0-517-59197-0
8909:978-0-7099-3828-6
8777:978-0-13-700949-7
8340:"Leadership Team"
8067:. Bloomberg L.P.
7325:"Watson Oncology"
7299:"What is Watson?"
6636:McFarland, Matt.
6257:McDowell, Steve.
6246:. April 20, 2023.
5299:. Tech Republic.
4242:978-1-4594-0987-3
4217:978-0-914153-10-8
4145:978-0-405-04713-8
4074:978-1-000-87875-2
3790:McDowell, Steve.
3137:Workplace culture
3115:superconductivity
3076:Thomas Watson Jr.
3033:Robert Mendenhall
3015:, noted musician
2948:Thomas Watson Jr.
2898:Samuel K. Skinner
2836:G. Richard Thoman
2828:Xerox Corporation
2656:American football
2589:IBM is nicknamed
2370:Benoit Mandelbrot
2336:
2335:
2254:Ehningen, Germany
2188:unstructured data
1994:IT infrastructure
1933:Ricardo Legorreta
1699:U.S. Navy admiral
1683:Royal Dutch Shell
1656:
1655:
1471:Corporate affairs
1113:first introduced
1008:American Airlines
902:, fired from the
884:Detroit, Michigan
802:quantum computing
734:computer services
664:headquartered in
657:, is an American
641:
640:
551:US$ 7.502 billion
531:US$ 8.690 billion
349:Quantum computing
341:Computer hardware
12110:
11955:
11954:
11943:
11942:
11931:
11930:
11929:
11919:
11918:
11917:
11910:
11883:Sun Microsystems
11873:Silicon Graphics
11570:Ampere Computing
11490:Maxim Integrated
11253:
11252:
11235:
11228:
11221:
11212:
11211:
11094:Amadeus IT Group
11062:
11055:
11048:
11039:
11038:
10893:
10886:
10879:
10870:
10869:
10752:
10751:
10633:
10626:
10619:
10610:
10609:
10463:American Express
10434:
10427:
10420:
10411:
10410:
10398:
10397:
10342:
10341:
10332:
10331:
10322:
10321:
10082:Thomas J. Watson
10003:Relational model
9952:Think conference
9833:330 North Wabash
9753:Microelectronics
9626:
9625:
9551:Quantum Platform
9496:Cognos Analytics
9334:
9333:
9327:
9326:
9277:
9270:
9263:
9254:
9253:
9218:
9213:
9212:
9210:Official website
9196:
9185:. Bantam Books.
9184:
9170:
9151:
9129:
9120:
9106:
9087:
9071:
9060:
9051:
9042:
9023:
9004:
8982:
8973:
8961:
8950:
8939:. Dialog Press.
8926:
8913:
8877:
8876:
8874:
8872:
8857:
8851:
8850:
8848:
8846:
8840:
8834:. Archived from
8809:
8800:
8794:
8793:
8791:
8789:
8762:
8756:
8755:
8753:
8751:
8736:
8730:
8729:
8727:
8725:
8712:Goldman, David.
8709:
8703:
8702:
8700:
8698:
8679:
8673:
8672:
8670:
8668:
8640:
8634:
8633:
8595:
8589:
8588:
8586:
8584:
8569:
8563:
8562:
8560:
8558:
8543:
8537:
8536:
8534:
8532:
8523:. May 31, 1998.
8511:
8505:
8504:
8502:
8500:
8479:
8473:
8472:
8465:
8459:
8458:
8456:
8454:
8438:
8432:
8431:
8408:
8402:
8401:
8399:
8397:
8377:
8371:
8370:
8366:
8360:
8359:
8357:
8355:
8336:
8330:
8329:
8327:
8325:
8310:
8304:
8303:
8301:
8299:
8290:. Archived from
8280:
8274:
8273:
8271:
8269:
8254:
8248:
8247:
8245:
8243:
8229:
8223:
8222:
8216:
8214:
8199:
8193:
8182:
8167:
8161:
8160:
8158:
8156:
8140:
8134:
8133:
8131:
8129:
8114:
8108:
8107:
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8103:
8087:
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8080:
8078:
8076:
8056:
8050:
8049:
8047:
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8025:
8019:
8018:
8016:
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7988:
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7961:
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7958:
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7934:
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7931:
7929:
7914:
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7907:
7888:
7878:
7872:
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7845:
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7796:
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7761:
7755:
7754:
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7750:
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7703:
7701:
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7674:
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7653:
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7627:
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7599:
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7564:
7563:
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7528:
7527:
7516:
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7509:
7498:
7492:
7491:
7489:
7487:
7473:
7467:
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7464:
7462:
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7434:
7433:
7431:
7429:
7423:
7416:
7408:
7402:
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7399:
7397:
7378:
7372:
7371:
7369:
7367:
7347:
7341:
7340:
7338:
7336:
7321:
7315:
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7312:
7310:
7295:
7289:
7288:
7286:
7284:
7269:
7263:
7262:
7260:
7258:
7243:
7237:
7236:
7234:
7232:
7223:. May 17, 2011.
7217:
7211:
7210:
7208:
7206:
7186:
7180:
7179:
7177:
7175:
7161:
7155:
7154:
7152:
7150:
7130:
7124:
7123:
7121:
7119:
7114:on July 14, 2014
7104:
7098:
7097:
7095:
7093:
7078:
7072:
7071:
7069:
7067:
7062:on July 14, 2011
7058:. Archived from
7056:Electronics News
7047:
7041:
7040:
7038:
7036:
7020:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7009:
6994:
6988:
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6126:NDTV Gadgets 360
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5980:
5978:
5976:
5966:
5958:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5947:
5931:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5920:
5911:. CNN Business.
5904:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5893:
5873:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5862:
5847:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5836:
5831:. April 24, 2024
5821:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5810:
5801:. July 9, 2019.
5791:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5780:
5761:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5736:
5728:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5693:
5685:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5654:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5643:
5623:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5592:
5586:
5585:
5583:
5581:
5561:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5550:
5535:
5529:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5504:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5474:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5444:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5419:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5392:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5381:
5365:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5342:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5319:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5292:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5281:
5265:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5254:
5238:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5218:. Fast Company.
5211:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5184:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5173:
5153:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5142:
5126:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5099:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5088:
5068:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5038:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5027:
5012:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4981:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4954:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4943:
4928:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4898:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4832:. Archived from
4820:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4756:
4750:
4749:
4742:Computing Canada
4733:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4722:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4654:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4628:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4598:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4581:
4574:
4565:
4559:
4558:
4546:
4540:
4539:
4538:on May 26, 2015.
4523:
4517:
4516:
4510:
4503:
4497:
4496:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4476:on May 12, 2023.
4461:
4455:
4454:
4453:on May 12, 2023.
4438:
4432:
4431:
4419:
4413:
4412:
4406:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4380:
4374:
4373:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4285:Texas Law Review
4275:
4269:
4268:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4210:. Dialog Press.
4201:
4195:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4173:
4167:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4129:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4099:
4088:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4047:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4012:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3995:
3984:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3960:on July 11, 2011
3946:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3550:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3463:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3271:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3240:
3220:
3213:
3123:Frances E. Allen
3010:Governor General
2983:Thomas J. Manton
2971:Katherine Harris
2940:Arthur K. Watson
2932:Vincent Obsitnik
2929:U.S. Ambassadors
2892:to serve in the
2887:African American
2768:John W. Thompson
2725:tech consultants
2719:It is among the
2602:graphic designer
2374:fractal geometry
2331:
2328:
2310:
2303:
2295:for public use.
2232:IBM Q System One
2224:IBM Q System One
2171:select markets.
2149:dedicated server
2100:. IBM also owns
2078:all-flash arrays
1964:was awarded the
1877:330 North Wabash
1747:headquarters at
1734:Armonk, New York
1665:List of IBM CEOs
1496:
1495:
1139:leveraged buyout
1103:George J. Laurer
1038:
1035:
988:Arthur L. Samuel
888:Washington, D.C.
848:Herman Hollerith
764:, including the
705:IBM entered the
666:Armonk, New York
629:
594:
591:
590:
584:
575:
573:
570:
569:
562:
552:
549:
548:
532:
529:
528:
520:Operating income
512:
506:
505:
490:Managed services
455:IBM Q System One
255:Armonk, New York
252:1 Orchard Road,
243:Herman Hollerith
216:
214:
209:
162:
66:Armonk, New York
62:
47:
40:
36:
12118:
12117:
12113:
12112:
12111:
12109:
12108:
12107:
11963:
11962:
11961:
11949:
11937:
11927:
11925:
11915:
11913:
11905:
11903:
11898:
11897:
11892:
11792:
11749:
11711:
11590:GlobalFoundries
11551:
11461:
11430:Western Digital
11257:Home appliances
11244:
11239:
11209:
11204:
11178:
11080:
11073:
11066:
11036:
11031:
11027:Western Digital
10911:
10904:
10897:
10867:
10862:
10853:Server hardware
10826:
10796:
10750:
10653:
10647:
10640:
10637:
10607:
10602:
10444:
10438:
10403:
10395:
10390:
10310:
10296:SHARE computing
10257:GlobalFoundries
10199:
10147:
10141:
10068:
10027:
10018:Financial swaps
9993:Hard disk drive
9956:
9890:
9864:Yamato Facility
9782:
9689:
9621:
9611:
9578:Tivoli Software
9463:
9417:
9316:
9286:
9281:
9249:
9208:
9207:
9204:
9199:
9193:
9167:
9148:
9103:
9084:
9050:. Little Brown.
9048:The Fate of IBM
9039:
9020:
9001:
8970:
8947:
8910:
8893:
8886:
8884:Further reading
8881:
8880:
8870:
8868:
8859:
8858:
8854:
8844:
8842:
8838:
8807:
8801:
8797:
8787:
8785:
8778:
8764:
8763:
8759:
8749:
8747:
8738:
8737:
8733:
8723:
8721:
8710:
8706:
8696:
8694:
8681:
8680:
8676:
8666:
8664:
8657:
8641:
8637:
8596:
8592:
8582:
8580:
8571:
8570:
8566:
8556:
8554:
8545:
8544:
8540:
8530:
8528:
8513:
8512:
8508:
8498:
8496:
8481:
8480:
8476:
8467:
8466:
8462:
8452:
8450:
8439:
8435:
8428:
8409:
8405:
8395:
8393:
8378:
8374:
8367:
8363:
8353:
8351:
8344:www.cadence.com
8338:
8337:
8333:
8323:
8321:
8312:
8311:
8307:
8297:
8295:
8294:on May 18, 2012
8282:
8281:
8277:
8267:
8265:
8256:
8255:
8251:
8241:
8239:
8231:
8230:
8226:
8212:
8210:
8201:
8200:
8196:
8191:Wayback Machine
8169:
8168:
8164:
8154:
8152:
8141:
8137:
8127:
8125:
8116:
8115:
8111:
8101:
8099:
8088:
8084:
8074:
8072:
8057:
8053:
8043:
8041:
8028:DiCarlo, Lisa.
8026:
8022:
8012:
8010:
7995:
7991:
7981:
7979:
7974:. Golf Digest.
7968:
7964:
7954:
7952:
7943:Clayton, Ward.
7941:
7937:
7927:
7925:
7916:
7915:
7911:
7901:
7879:
7875:
7868:
7852:
7848:
7838:
7836:
7829:
7821:. p. 228.
7809:
7802:
7792:
7790:
7781:
7780:
7776:
7763:
7762:
7758:
7748:
7746:
7731:
7727:
7714:
7713:
7709:
7699:
7697:
7686:
7682:
7672:
7670:
7661:
7660:
7656:
7646:
7644:
7635:
7634:
7630:
7620:
7618:
7600:
7593:
7583:
7581:
7572:
7571:
7567:
7550:
7546:
7535:
7531:
7526:. June 9, 2020.
7518:
7517:
7513:
7500:
7499:
7495:
7485:
7483:
7475:
7474:
7470:
7460:
7458:
7451:Financial Times
7441:
7437:
7427:
7425:
7421:
7414:
7410:
7409:
7405:
7395:
7393:
7380:
7379:
7375:
7365:
7363:
7348:
7344:
7334:
7332:
7323:
7322:
7318:
7308:
7306:
7297:
7296:
7292:
7282:
7280:
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7270:
7266:
7256:
7254:
7245:
7244:
7240:
7230:
7228:
7219:
7218:
7214:
7204:
7202:
7187:
7183:
7173:
7171:
7163:
7162:
7158:
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7146:
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7117:
7115:
7106:
7105:
7101:
7091:
7089:
7080:
7079:
7075:
7065:
7063:
7048:
7044:
7034:
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7021:
7017:
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7005:
6996:
6995:
6991:
6981:
6979:
6970:
6969:
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6955:
6953:
6940:
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6925:
6923:
6910:
6909:
6905:
6892:
6888:
6878:
6876:
6867:
6866:
6862:
6852:
6850:
6837:
6836:
6832:
6822:
6820:
6811:
6810:
6806:
6796:
6794:
6785:
6784:
6780:
6770:
6768:
6751:
6747:
6737:
6735:
6720:
6716:
6706:
6704:
6695:
6694:
6690:
6680:
6678:
6667:
6663:
6653:
6651:
6634:
6630:
6617:
6616:
6612:
6602:
6600:
6591:
6590:
6586:
6576:
6574:
6563:"IBM 2008-2016"
6561:
6560:
6556:
6546:
6544:
6535:
6534:
6530:
6520:
6518:
6505:
6504:
6500:
6490:
6488:
6473:
6469:
6459:
6457:
6442:
6438:
6428:
6426:
6413:
6412:
6408:
6389:Schofield, Jack
6386:
6382:
6372:
6370:
6357:
6356:
6352:
6342:
6340:
6329:
6325:
6304:
6300:
6281:
6277:
6267:
6265:
6255:
6251:
6238:
6237:
6233:
6220:
6219:
6215:
6206:
6205:
6201:
6191:
6189:
6182:
6178:
6168:
6166:
6149:
6145:
6135:
6133:
6120:
6119:
6115:
6105:
6103:
6084:
6083:
6079:
6069:
6067:
6052:
6048:
6038:
6036:
6019:
6015:
6005:
6003:
5988:
5984:
5974:
5972:
5959:
5955:
5945:
5943:
5932:
5928:
5918:
5916:
5905:
5901:
5891:
5889:
5874:
5870:
5860:
5858:
5849:
5848:
5844:
5834:
5832:
5823:
5822:
5818:
5808:
5806:
5793:
5792:
5788:
5778:
5776:
5763:
5762:
5758:
5748:
5746:
5729:
5725:
5715:
5713:
5686:
5682:
5672:
5670:
5655:
5651:
5641:
5639:
5624:
5620:
5610:
5608:
5593:
5589:
5579:
5577:
5562:
5558:
5548:
5546:
5537:
5536:
5532:
5522:
5520:
5505:
5501:
5491:
5489:
5476:
5475:
5471:
5461:
5459:
5446:
5445:
5441:
5431:
5429:
5421:
5420:
5416:
5406:
5404:
5395:Nusca, Andrea.
5393:
5389:
5379:
5377:
5366:
5362:
5352:
5350:
5343:
5339:
5329:
5327:
5320:
5316:
5306:
5304:
5293:
5289:
5279:
5277:
5266:
5262:
5252:
5250:
5239:
5235:
5225:
5223:
5212:
5208:
5198:
5196:
5185:
5181:
5171:
5169:
5154:
5150:
5140:
5138:
5127:
5123:
5113:
5111:
5100:
5096:
5086:
5084:
5079:. Tech Crunch.
5069:
5065:
5055:
5053:
5040:
5039:
5035:
5025:
5023:
5014:
5013:
5009:
4999:
4997:
4982:
4978:
4968:
4966:
4955:
4951:
4941:
4939:
4930:
4929:
4925:
4915:
4913:
4900:
4899:
4895:
4885:
4883:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4860:
4858:
4845:
4841:
4822:
4821:
4817:
4807:
4805:
4793:
4789:
4779:
4777:
4757:
4753:
4734:
4730:
4720:
4718:
4700:
4696:
4677:
4673:
4663:
4661:
4655:
4651:
4641:
4639:
4629:
4625:
4615:
4613:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4572:
4566:
4562:
4547:
4543:
4524:
4520:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4485:
4481:
4462:
4458:
4439:
4435:
4420:
4416:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4381:
4377:
4362:
4358:
4343:
4339:
4329:
4327:
4314:
4313:
4309:
4299:
4297:
4276:
4272:
4254:
4250:
4243:
4229:
4225:
4218:
4202:
4198:
4193:
4189:
4182:www.cbsnews.com
4174:
4170:
4165:
4161:
4146:
4130:
4126:
4116:
4114:
4101:
4100:
4091:
4086:
4082:
4075:
4061:
4057:
4038:
4034:
4024:
4022:
4014:
4013:
4009:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3963:
3961:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3933:
3931:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3899:
3897:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3869:
3867:
3860:
3840:
3836:
3826:
3824:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3800:
3798:
3788:
3784:
3774:
3772:
3764:Carter, Sandy.
3762:
3758:
3748:
3746:
3728:
3724:
3714:
3712:
3702:
3698:
3688:
3686:
3676:
3672:
3662:
3660:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3637:
3635:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3612:
3610:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3590:
3576:
3572:
3562:
3560:
3552:
3551:
3544:
3534:
3532:
3517:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3481:
3479:
3464:
3457:
3447:
3445:
3431:
3427:
3417:
3415:
3414:. June 27, 2019
3406:
3405:
3401:
3391:
3389:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3343:
3341:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3316:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3288:
3286:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3256:
3254:
3242:
3241:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3223:
3214:
3210:
3205:
3167:
3159:
3153:
3151:Labor relations
3139:
3099:Heinrich Rohrer
3065:John McClelland
3041:Lee T. Todd Jr.
2877:In government,
2872:Kenneth Simonds
2832:David T. Kearns
2744:
2693:
2688:
2672:
2575:
2551:virtual machine
2523:hard disk drive
2344:
2332:
2326:
2323:
2316:needs expansion
2301:
2177:
2157:cloud computing
2153:managed hosting
2118:
2098:social sciences
2086:
2035:
2033:Microprocessors
2015:
2010:
1974:cloud computing
1955:
1949:
1871:(Rome, Italy),
1722:
1710:holding company
1667:
1661:
1508:
1503:
1478:
1476:Business trends
1473:
1351:GlobalFoundries
1328:Sesame Workshop
1189:hard-disk drive
1115:financial swaps
1036:
967:, in 1952. The
843:
837:
778:hard disk drive
684:holding company
637:
625:
602:
592:
580:
571:
565:
558:
550:
542:
530:
522:
507:
494:
468:
407:Tivoli Software
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
329:Cloud computing
327:
323:
319:
308:
278:
268:
261:
257:
241:
237:
222:
212:
210:
207:
195:
191:
187:
183:
158:
144:
111:
78:
69:
53:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
12116:
12106:
12105:
12100:
12095:
12090:
12085:
12080:
12075:
12070:
12065:
12060:
12055:
12050:
12045:
12043:Data companies
12040:
12035:
12030:
12025:
12020:
12015:
12010:
12005:
12000:
11995:
11990:
11985:
11980:
11975:
11960:
11959:
11947:
11935:
11923:
11900:
11899:
11894:
11893:
11891:
11890:
11885:
11880:
11875:
11870:
11865:
11860:
11855:
11850:
11845:
11840:
11835:
11830:
11825:
11820:
11815:
11810:
11804:
11802:
11798:
11797:
11794:
11793:
11791:
11790:
11785:
11780:
11779:
11778:
11768:
11763:
11757:
11755:
11751:
11750:
11748:
11747:
11737:
11732:
11727:
11721:
11719:
11717:Mobile devices
11713:
11712:
11710:
11709:
11704:
11699:
11694:
11689:
11684:
11679:
11674:
11669:
11664:
11663:
11662:
11652:
11647:
11642:
11637:
11627:
11622:
11617:
11612:
11607:
11602:
11597:
11592:
11587:
11582:
11577:
11572:
11567:
11561:
11559:
11553:
11552:
11550:
11549:
11544:
11539:
11534:
11529:
11524:
11519:
11514:
11509:
11504:
11499:
11494:
11493:
11492:
11485:Analog Devices
11482:
11477:
11471:
11469:
11463:
11462:
11460:
11459:
11454:
11449:
11444:
11443:
11442:
11437:
11427:
11422:
11417:
11412:
11407:
11402:
11397:
11392:
11390:Planar Systems
11387:
11382:
11377:
11372:
11367:
11362:
11357:
11352:
11347:
11342:
11337:
11332:
11327:
11322:
11317:
11312:
11307:
11302:
11297:
11292:
11287:
11282:
11277:
11272:
11267:
11261:
11259:
11250:
11246:
11245:
11238:
11237:
11230:
11223:
11215:
11206:
11205:
11203:
11202:
11197:
11192:
11187:
11183:
11180:
11179:
11177:
11176:
11171:
11166:
11161:
11159:Quest Software
11156:
11151:
11146:
11141:
11136:
11131:
11126:
11121:
11116:
11111:
11106:
11101:
11096:
11091:
11085:
11082:
11081:
11078:
11075:
11074:
11065:
11064:
11057:
11050:
11042:
11033:
11032:
11030:
11029:
11024:
11019:
11014:
11009:
11004:
10999:
10994:
10989:
10984:
10979:
10974:
10969:
10964:
10959:
10954:
10949:
10944:
10943:
10942:
10932:
10927:
10922:
10916:
10913:
10912:
10909:
10906:
10905:
10896:
10895:
10888:
10881:
10873:
10864:
10863:
10861:
10860:
10855:
10850:
10845:
10840:
10835:
10831:
10828:
10827:
10825:
10824:
10819:
10814:
10808:
10806:
10802:
10801:
10798:
10797:
10795:
10794:
10789:
10784:
10779:
10774:
10769:
10764:
10758:
10756:
10749:
10748:
10743:
10733:
10728:
10723:
10718:
10713:
10708:
10703:
10698:
10693:
10688:
10683:
10678:
10673:
10668:
10663:
10657:
10655:
10649:
10648:
10645:
10642:
10641:
10636:
10635:
10628:
10621:
10613:
10604:
10603:
10601:
10600:
10595:
10590:
10585:
10580:
10575:
10570:
10565:
10560:
10555:
10550:
10545:
10543:JPMorgan Chase
10540:
10535:
10530:
10525:
10520:
10515:
10510:
10505:
10500:
10495:
10490:
10485:
10480:
10475:
10470:
10465:
10460:
10455:
10449:
10446:
10445:
10437:
10436:
10429:
10422:
10414:
10408:
10405:
10404:
10392:
10391:
10389:
10388:
10387:
10386:
10381:
10376:
10371:
10366:
10361:
10356:
10351:
10336:
10326:
10315:
10312:
10311:
10309:
10308:
10303:
10298:
10293:
10288:
10281:
10279:Lucifer cipher
10276:
10271:
10264:
10259:
10254:
10249:
10244:
10239:
10230:
10229:
10228:
10223:
10215:
10207:
10205:
10201:
10200:
10198:
10197:
10195:Peter R. Voser
10192:
10187:
10182:
10180:Andrew Liveris
10177:
10175:Arvind Krishna
10172:
10167:
10162:
10157:
10151:
10149:
10143:
10142:
10140:
10139:
10136:Arvind Krishna
10133:
10127:
10121:
10115:
10109:
10103:
10097:
10091:
10085:
10078:
10076:
10070:
10069:
10067:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10051:
10046:
10041:
10035:
10033:
10029:
10028:
10026:
10025:
10020:
10015:
10010:
10005:
10000:
9995:
9990:
9985:
9980:
9975:
9970:
9964:
9962:
9958:
9957:
9955:
9954:
9949:
9944:
9939:
9937:Smarter Planet
9934:
9929:
9924:
9919:
9914:
9913:
9912:
9902:
9898:
9896:
9892:
9891:
9889:
9888:
9883:
9878:
9873:
9868:
9867:
9866:
9861:
9856:
9848:
9847:
9846:
9841:
9836:
9829:IBM Buildings
9827:
9826:
9825:
9820:
9814:Software Labs
9812:
9811:
9810:
9804:
9803:, Montreal, QC
9794:
9792:
9788:
9787:
9784:
9783:
9781:
9780:
9770:
9768:Service Bureau
9765:
9760:
9758:Product Center
9755:
9750:
9745:
9740:
9735:
9730:
9725:
9723:Ambra Computer
9720:
9719:
9718:
9713:
9703:
9697:
9695:
9691:
9690:
9688:
9687:
9682:
9677:
9672:
9671:
9670:
9660:
9655:
9654:
9653:
9643:
9638:
9632:
9630:
9623:
9617:
9616:
9613:
9612:
9610:
9609:
9604:
9603:
9602:
9592:
9587:
9586:
9585:
9575:
9570:
9565:
9564:
9563:
9558:
9548:
9543:
9538:
9533:
9528:
9526:Lotus Software
9523:
9518:
9513:
9508:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9492:
9491:
9481:
9475:
9473:
9469:
9468:
9465:
9464:
9462:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9425:
9423:
9419:
9418:
9416:
9415:
9414:
9413:
9408:
9403:
9398:
9393:
9388:
9380:
9379:
9378:
9373:
9363:
9358:
9353:
9352:
9351:
9340:
9338:
9331:
9324:
9318:
9317:
9315:
9314:
9313:
9312:
9302:
9296:
9294:
9288:
9287:
9280:
9279:
9272:
9265:
9257:
9251:
9250:
9248:
9247:
9242:
9237:
9231:
9228:
9226:OpenCorporates
9219:
9203:
9202:External links
9200:
9198:
9197:
9191:
9171:
9165:
9152:
9146:
9130:
9128:. McGraw Hill.
9121:
9108:
9101:
9088:
9082:
9061:
9052:
9043:
9037:
9024:
9018:
9005:
8999:
8983:
8974:
8968:
8951:
8945:
8927:
8914:
8908:
8894:
8885:
8882:
8879:
8878:
8852:
8818:(4): 651–675.
8795:
8776:
8757:
8731:
8704:
8674:
8655:
8635:
8590:
8564:
8538:
8506:
8474:
8471:. p. 157.
8460:
8433:
8426:
8403:
8372:
8361:
8331:
8305:
8275:
8249:
8224:
8194:
8162:
8135:
8109:
8082:
8051:
8020:
7989:
7970:Weinman, Sam.
7962:
7935:
7918:"IBM Archives"
7909:
7899:
7873:
7866:
7846:
7827:
7800:
7774:
7756:
7725:
7707:
7680:
7654:
7628:
7591:
7565:
7544:
7529:
7511:
7493:
7468:
7435:
7403:
7373:
7350:Upbin, Bruce.
7342:
7316:
7290:
7279:. May 13, 2022
7264:
7238:
7212:
7181:
7156:
7125:
7099:
7073:
7042:
7015:
6989:
6972:"IBM Products"
6963:
6933:
6903:
6886:
6860:
6830:
6804:
6778:
6745:
6714:
6688:
6661:
6628:
6610:
6584:
6554:
6528:
6498:
6467:
6436:
6406:
6380:
6350:
6323:
6298:
6275:
6249:
6231:
6213:
6199:
6176:
6143:
6113:
6077:
6046:
6013:
5982:
5953:
5926:
5899:
5868:
5842:
5827:. Technology.
5816:
5786:
5756:
5723:
5680:
5649:
5618:
5587:
5556:
5530:
5499:
5469:
5439:
5414:
5387:
5360:
5337:
5314:
5287:
5260:
5233:
5206:
5179:
5148:
5133:. TechCrunch.
5121:
5094:
5063:
5033:
5007:
4976:
4949:
4923:
4893:
4868:
4839:
4815:
4787:
4751:
4728:
4694:
4671:
4649:
4623:
4593:
4560:
4541:
4518:
4498:
4479:
4456:
4433:
4414:
4394:
4375:
4356:
4353:. p. 746.
4337:
4307:
4292:(4): 587–647.
4270:
4248:
4241:
4223:
4216:
4196:
4187:
4168:
4159:
4144:
4124:
4089:
4080:
4073:
4055:
4032:
4007:
3971:
3941:
3907:
3877:
3858:
3834:
3808:
3782:
3756:
3722:
3710:techrights.org
3696:
3670:
3645:
3620:
3595:
3588:
3570:
3542:
3511:
3489:
3455:
3425:
3399:
3382:www-03.ibm.com
3369:
3351:
3326:
3296:
3263:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3166:
3163:
3157:IBM and unions
3155:Main article:
3152:
3149:
3138:
3135:
2954:); and former
2913:Mack Mattingly
2848:Citrix Systems
2844:Mark N. Greene
2816:Alfred Amoroso
2800:Anirudh Devgan
2784:Gideon Gartner
2776:Hasso Plattner
2743:
2740:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2680:CO2e emissions
2671:
2668:
2574:
2571:
2557:to arrange 35
2515:financial swap
2458:, such as the
2400:in Melbourne,
2343:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2313:
2311:
2300:
2297:
2241:through their
2176:
2173:
2117:
2116:Cloud services
2114:
2085:
2082:
2034:
2031:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
1948:
1945:
1913:Tour Descartes
1786:, home to the
1721:
1718:
1706:Warren Buffett
1697:and a retired
1660:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1398:John Kelly III
1347:semiconductors
1336:Salesforce.com
1109:. IBM and the
1105:developed the
1059:IBM System/370
1055:IBM System/360
1029:in use at the
1027:IBM System/360
959:IBM built the
841:History of IBM
839:Main article:
836:
833:
798:computer chips
742:supercomputers
639:
638:
631:
630:
623:
619:
618:
613:
607:
606:
603:
600:
597:
596:
585:
577:
576:
563:
555:
554:
543:
538:
535:
534:
523:
518:
515:
514:
511:61.860 billion
500:
496:
495:
493:
492:
487:
482:
476:
474:
470:
469:
467:
466:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
358:
356:
352:
351:
314:
310:
309:
307:
306:
296:
285:Arvind Krishna
281:
279:
276:
273:
272:
269:
266:
263:
262:
259:
253:
250:
246:
245:
232:
228:
227:
204:
200:
199:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
152:
146:
145:
143:
142:
136:
130:
124:
114:
112:
107:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
87:
83:
82:
79:
74:
71:
70:
63:
55:
54:
48:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12115:
12104:
12101:
12099:
12096:
12094:
12091:
12089:
12086:
12084:
12081:
12079:
12076:
12074:
12071:
12069:
12066:
12064:
12061:
12059:
12056:
12054:
12051:
12049:
12046:
12044:
12041:
12039:
12036:
12034:
12031:
12029:
12026:
12024:
12021:
12019:
12016:
12014:
12011:
12009:
12006:
12004:
12001:
11999:
11996:
11994:
11991:
11989:
11986:
11984:
11981:
11979:
11976:
11974:
11971:
11970:
11968:
11958:
11953:
11948:
11946:
11941:
11936:
11934:
11924:
11922:
11912:
11911:
11908:
11889:
11886:
11884:
11881:
11879:
11876:
11874:
11871:
11869:
11866:
11864:
11861:
11859:
11856:
11854:
11851:
11849:
11846:
11844:
11841:
11839:
11836:
11834:
11831:
11829:
11826:
11824:
11821:
11819:
11816:
11814:
11811:
11809:
11806:
11805:
11803:
11799:
11789:
11786:
11784:
11781:
11777:
11774:
11773:
11772:
11769:
11767:
11764:
11762:
11759:
11758:
11756:
11752:
11745:
11741:
11738:
11736:
11733:
11731:
11728:
11726:
11723:
11722:
11720:
11718:
11714:
11708:
11705:
11703:
11700:
11698:
11695:
11693:
11690:
11688:
11685:
11683:
11682:Silicon Image
11680:
11678:
11675:
11673:
11670:
11668:
11665:
11661:
11658:
11657:
11656:
11653:
11651:
11648:
11646:
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11641:
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11606:
11603:
11601:
11598:
11596:
11593:
11591:
11588:
11586:
11583:
11581:
11578:
11576:
11573:
11571:
11568:
11566:
11563:
11562:
11560:
11558:
11554:
11548:
11545:
11543:
11540:
11538:
11535:
11533:
11530:
11528:
11525:
11523:
11520:
11518:
11515:
11513:
11510:
11508:
11505:
11503:
11500:
11498:
11495:
11491:
11488:
11487:
11486:
11483:
11481:
11478:
11476:
11473:
11472:
11470:
11468:
11464:
11458:
11455:
11453:
11450:
11448:
11445:
11441:
11438:
11436:
11433:
11432:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
11421:
11418:
11416:
11413:
11411:
11408:
11406:
11405:Seiki Digital
11403:
11401:
11398:
11396:
11393:
11391:
11388:
11386:
11383:
11381:
11378:
11376:
11373:
11371:
11368:
11366:
11363:
11361:
11358:
11356:
11353:
11351:
11348:
11346:
11343:
11341:
11338:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11326:
11323:
11321:
11318:
11316:
11313:
11311:
11308:
11306:
11303:
11301:
11300:Emerson Radio
11298:
11296:
11293:
11291:
11288:
11286:
11283:
11281:
11278:
11276:
11273:
11271:
11268:
11266:
11263:
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11012:Silicon Power
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10513:Goldman Sachs
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10100:Frank T. Cary
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9886:IBM Rochester
9884:
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9835:, Chicago, IL
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9809:, Atlanta, GA
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9536:Mashup Center
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9361:Power Systems
9359:
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9236:
9233:
9232:
9229:
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9223:
9222:IBM companies
9220:
9217:
9211:
9206:
9205:
9194:
9192:0-553-29023-1
9188:
9183:
9182:
9176:
9172:
9168:
9162:
9159:. iUniverse.
9158:
9153:
9149:
9147:1-872836-75-5
9143:
9139:
9135:
9131:
9127:
9122:
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9104:
9102:0-87584-654-8
9098:
9094:
9089:
9085:
9079:
9075:
9070:
9069:
9062:
9059:. Kogan Page.
9058:
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9044:
9040:
9034:
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9025:
9021:
9015:
9011:
9006:
9002:
9000:0-00-715448-8
8996:
8992:
8988:
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8948:
8946:0-914153-10-2
8942:
8938:
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8896:
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8825:
8821:
8817:
8813:
8806:
8799:
8783:
8779:
8773:
8769:
8768:
8761:
8745:
8741:
8735:
8719:
8716:. CNN Money.
8715:
8708:
8692:
8688:
8684:
8678:
8662:
8658:
8656:0-7494-2918-6
8652:
8648:
8647:
8639:
8631:
8627:
8623:
8619:
8615:
8611:
8607:
8603:
8602:
8594:
8578:
8574:
8568:
8557:September 27,
8552:
8548:
8542:
8526:
8522:
8521:
8516:
8510:
8494:
8490:
8489:
8484:
8478:
8470:
8464:
8448:
8444:
8437:
8429:
8427:0-7876-4066-2
8423:
8419:
8418:
8413:
8407:
8391:
8387:
8383:
8376:
8365:
8349:
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8335:
8319:
8315:
8309:
8293:
8289:
8285:
8279:
8263:
8259:
8253:
8238:
8234:
8233:"Fortune 500"
8228:
8221:
8208:
8204:
8198:
8192:
8188:
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8180:
8176:
8172:
8166:
8150:
8146:
8139:
8123:
8119:
8113:
8097:
8093:
8090:Bort, Julie.
8086:
8070:
8066:
8065:Bloomberg.com
8062:
8055:
8039:
8035:
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8024:
8008:
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8000:
7993:
7977:
7973:
7966:
7950:
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7913:
7906:
7905:big blue ibm.
7902:
7900:0-13-019469-7
7896:
7892:
7887:
7886:
7877:
7869:
7867:2-88046-750-0
7863:
7859:
7858:
7850:
7834:
7830:
7828:0-7914-6787-2
7824:
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7721:
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7711:
7695:
7691:
7688:Bort, Julie.
7684:
7668:
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7658:
7642:
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7613:
7609:
7605:
7598:
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7579:
7575:
7569:
7561:
7560:
7555:
7548:
7541:. TechCrunch.
7540:
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7507:
7503:
7497:
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7456:
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7353:
7346:
7330:
7326:
7320:
7304:
7300:
7294:
7278:
7274:
7268:
7257:September 23,
7252:
7248:
7242:
7226:
7222:
7216:
7205:September 19,
7200:
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6943:
6937:
6921:
6917:
6913:
6907:
6899:
6898:
6890:
6874:
6870:
6864:
6853:September 19,
6848:
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6834:
6818:
6814:
6808:
6792:
6788:
6782:
6766:
6762:
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6756:
6749:
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6702:
6698:
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6594:
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6572:
6568:
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6542:
6538:
6532:
6516:
6512:
6511:Bloomberg.com
6508:
6502:
6486:
6482:
6478:
6471:
6455:
6451:
6447:
6440:
6424:
6420:
6416:
6415:"Fortune 500"
6410:
6402:
6398:
6394:
6390:
6384:
6368:
6364:
6360:
6354:
6338:
6337:Yahoo Finance
6334:
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6310:
6302:
6294:
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5744:
5740:
5739:Bloomberg.com
5735:
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5457:
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5443:
5428:
5424:
5418:
5402:
5398:
5391:
5375:
5372:. USA Today.
5371:
5368:Toppo, Greg.
5364:
5348:
5341:
5325:
5318:
5302:
5298:
5291:
5275:
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5264:
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5210:
5194:
5190:
5183:
5167:
5163:
5159:
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5136:
5132:
5125:
5109:
5105:
5098:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5067:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5042:"Apple + IBM"
5037:
5021:
5017:
5011:
4995:
4991:
4990:The Intercept
4987:
4980:
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4953:
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4933:
4927:
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4907:
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4882:
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4857:
4853:
4849:
4848:Vance, Ashlee
4843:
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4638:
4637:Computerworld
4634:
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3861:
3859:0-7385-3700-4
3855:
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3797:
3793:
3786:
3771:
3767:
3760:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3726:
3715:September 17,
3711:
3707:
3700:
3689:September 17,
3685:
3681:
3674:
3663:September 17,
3659:
3655:
3649:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3609:
3608:lowendmac.com
3605:
3599:
3591:
3589:0-470-86412-5
3585:
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3116:
3112:
3108:
3107:Georg Bednorz
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3072:J. M. Coetzee
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3049:Bruce Harreld
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3017:Dave Matthews
3014:
3013:Julie Payette
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2967:Robert Garcia
2964:
2963:Glenn Andrews
2960:
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2949:
2945:
2941:
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2910:U.S. Senators
2907:
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2891:
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2884:
2880:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2866:, and former
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2808:Ellen Alemany
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2683:
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2670:Environmental
2667:
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2649:
2648:Olympic Games
2645:
2641:
2637:
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2632:Ginni Rometty
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2398:Australia lab
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2314:This section
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2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2273:Generative AI
2270:
2265:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2235:
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2095:
2091:
2081:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2047:PlayStation 3
2044:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2005:
2003:
2002:cybersecurity
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1921:Eero Saarinen
1918:
1917:Marcel Breuer
1914:
1910:
1909:Spango Valley
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1873:Hursley House
1870:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1850:Visakhapatnam
1847:
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1753:Austin, Texas
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1332:Sesame Street
1329:
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1104:
1099:
1096:invented the
1095:
1094:Forrest Parry
1090:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:the dominant
1064:
1063:IBM mainframe
1060:
1056:
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1005:
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969:IBM 305 RAMAC
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895:
893:
889:
885:
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873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
856:Willard Bundy
853:
850:patented the
849:
842:
832:
830:
826:
821:
819:
818:Turing Awards
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
758:
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735:
731:
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707:microcomputer
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692:IBM mainframe
689:
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667:
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660:
659:multinational
656:
653:), nicknamed
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445:Power Systems
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420:Mashup Center
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303:vice chairman
300:
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271:177 countries
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11615:Lam Research
11594:
11415:Turtle Beach
11133:
10966:
10821:
10776:
10755:Servers only
10583:UnitedHealth
10527:
10283:
10266:
10247:Deep Thought
10210:
10138:(since 2020)
10106:John R. Opel
10064:Think slogan
9905:Deep Thunder
9711:Kaleida Labs
9706:AIM alliance
9391:Q System Two
9386:Q System One
9283:
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9112:
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8931:Black, Edwin
8918:
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8865:the original
8855:
8845:December 17,
8843:. Retrieved
8836:the original
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8766:
8760:
8748:. Retrieved
8734:
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8707:
8695:. Retrieved
8691:the original
8687:IBM Archives
8686:
8683:"IBM Attire"
8677:
8665:. Retrieved
8645:
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8567:
8555:. Retrieved
8551:the original
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8292:the original
8287:
8278:
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8252:
8242:December 30,
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8236:
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8207:IBM Newsroom
8206:
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8179:the original
8174:
8165:
8153:. Retrieved
8138:
8126:. Retrieved
8112:
8100:. Retrieved
8085:
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8033:
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8002:
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7965:
7953:. Retrieved
7938:
7928:November 24,
7926:. Retrieved
7922:the original
7912:
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7849:
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7813:
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7787:the original
7777:
7769:the original
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7747:. Retrieved
7728:
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7710:
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7683:
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7665:. Statista.
7657:
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7631:
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7607:
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7577:
7568:
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7532:
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7514:
7505:
7502:"IBM Policy"
7496:
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7480:
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7450:
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7426:. Retrieved
7406:
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7329:the original
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6817:the original
6807:
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6781:
6769:. Retrieved
6758:
6748:
6736:. Retrieved
6727:
6717:
6705:. Retrieved
6697:"Contact Us"
6691:
6679:. Retrieved
6664:
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6641:
6631:
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6587:
6575:. Retrieved
6571:the original
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6396:
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6336:
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6226:IBM Newsroom
6225:
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6202:
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6179:
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6134:. Retrieved
6125:
6116:
6106:February 23,
6104:. Retrieved
6089:
6080:
6070:February 23,
6068:. Retrieved
6060:SiliconANGLE
6059:
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6037:. Retrieved
6028:
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5695:
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5673:November 27,
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5427:bit-tech.net
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4952:
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4936:the original
4926:
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4910:the original
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4880:
4871:
4861:November 25,
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4855:
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4818:
4808:November 25,
4806:. Retrieved
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4577:the original
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4111:the original
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4019:
4010:
3998:. Retrieved
3986:
3974:
3964:December 30,
3962:. Retrieved
3958:the original
3953:
3944:
3934:December 30,
3932:. Retrieved
3920:columbia.edu
3919:
3910:
3900:December 30,
3898:. Retrieved
3889:
3880:
3868:. Retrieved
3844:
3837:
3827:December 30,
3825:. Retrieved
3821:IBM Research
3820:
3811:
3801:February 14,
3799:. Retrieved
3795:
3785:
3775:February 14,
3773:. Retrieved
3769:
3759:
3749:February 14,
3747:. Retrieved
3736:The Guardian
3735:
3725:
3713:. Retrieved
3709:
3699:
3687:. Retrieved
3683:
3673:
3661:. Retrieved
3657:
3648:
3636:. Retrieved
3633:IBM Newsroom
3632:
3623:
3613:February 19,
3611:. Retrieved
3607:
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3573:
3563:December 30,
3561:. Retrieved
3557:
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3514:
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3492:
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3446:. Retrieved
3437:
3428:
3418:December 30,
3416:. Retrieved
3411:
3402:
3392:December 30,
3390:. Retrieved
3386:the original
3381:
3372:
3354:
3342:. Retrieved
3339:IBM Newsroom
3338:
3329:
3317:. Retrieved
3308:
3299:
3287:. Retrieved
3278:
3255:, retrieved
3245:
3211:
3160:
3140:
3119:Turing Award
3088:
3061:Rangers F.C.
3057:Bill Carollo
2995:
2975:Amo Houghton
2952:Soviet Union
2925:Scott Walker
2885:, the first
2876:
2852:Ed Iacobucci
2745:
2732:Extreme Blue
2729:
2718:
2673:
2617:
2594:
2590:
2588:
2496:
2489:
2482:Apache Derby
2452:Linux kernel
2437:
2426:
2386:IBM Research
2379:
2337:
2324:
2320:adding to it
2315:
2293:Hugging Face
2289:open-sourced
2266:
2262:
2251:
2249:crime data.
2236:
2229:
2198:Ken Jennings
2191:
2178:
2165:
2119:
2087:
2067:neuromorphic
2036:
2016:
1971:
1866:
1842:Bhubaneshwar
1792:
1769:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1703:
1675:Dow Chemical
1668:
1492:
1479:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1425:
1418:
1395:
1384:
1369:
1364:, including
1355:
1340:
1281:
1262:
1255:Barack Obama
1232:
1224:South Korean
1217:
1205:
1197:UPC bar code
1166:Lou Gerstner
1163:
1159:workstations
1143:
1123:
1091:
1083:
1052:
1016:
1014:typewriter.
992:Poughkeepsie
981:
958:
951:
936:
931:IBM type 704
896:
880:Dayton, Ohio
878:, New York;
854:(1889); and
844:
822:
814:Nobel Prizes
772:(DRAM), the
759:
755:patent troll
730:Lenovo Group
723:
704:
677:
654:
650:
643:
642:
634:
611:Subsidiaries
582:Total equity
560:Total assets
459:
249:Headquarters
177:Predecessors
160:US4592001014
97:Company type
34:
32:
11945:Electronics
11650:Nimbus Data
11517:Diodes Inc.
11385:Plantronics
10654:and servers
10483:Caterpillar
10379:Typewriters
10285:Mathematica
10226:Rugby union
10165:Alex Gorsky
10132:(2012–2020)
10126:(2002–2011)
10120:(1993–2002)
10114:(1985–1993)
10108:(1981–1985)
10102:(1973–1981)
10096:(1971–1973)
10090:(1956–1971)
10084:(1914–1956)
10032:Terminology
9988:Floppy disk
9932:SkillsBuild
9895:Initiatives
9876:IBM Hursley
9850:Facilities
9501:Connections
9371:FlashSystem
9240:SEC filings
9224:grouped at
8871:October 12,
8667:October 22,
8531:October 30,
8324:October 10,
8316:. Amd.com.
8128:January 28,
7947:. Masters.
7839:October 22,
7559:ExtremeTech
7386:ExtremeTech
7277:Tech Target
6707:October 20,
6543:(in German)
6363:Macrotrends
6268:October 24,
6169:January 21,
6039:October 10,
6006:October 10,
5975:October 10,
5946:October 10,
5919:October 10,
5892:October 10,
5861:October 10,
5779:October 28,
5749:October 28,
5716:October 29,
5523:October 28,
5492:October 28,
5399:. Fortune.
5191:. Fortune.
5114:November 2,
5000:January 17,
4961:. Reuters.
4606:www.ibm.com
4351:McGraw Hill
4300:January 14,
4117:January 30,
4020:www.ibm.com
3870:October 22,
3535:February 3,
3482:February 2,
3309:www.ibm.com
3111:Alex Müller
3095:Gerd Binnig
3025:Maria Klawe
3008:and former
2917:Thom Tillis
2904:and as the
2850:co-founder
2774:co-founder
2581:IBM ads at
2519:floppy disk
2486:open source
2394:Almaden lab
2327:August 2024
2285:fine tuning
2202:Brad Rutter
2131:(SaaS) and
2106:weather.com
2059:Secure Blue
1937:Honor Award
1780:Pangu Plaza
1749:Astor Place
1487:Fortune 500
1461:Software AG
1366:Weather.com
1345:model with
1304:UnderArmour
1170:RJR Nabisco
1037: 1969
864:amalgamated
858:invented a
794:UPC barcode
774:floppy disk
646:(using the
480:Outsourcing
450:IBM storage
267:Area served
139:S&P 500
133:S&P 100
92:(1911–1924)
64:IBM CHQ in
11967:Categories
11957:Technology
11610:KLA-Tencor
11410:Skullcandy
11164:Sage Group
10805:Mainframes
10573:Salesforce
10548:McDonald's
10518:Home Depot
10374:System/370
10369:System/360
10160:David Farr
10059:e-business
9961:Inventions
9910:Develothon
9791:Facilities
9651:Promontory
9646:Consulting
8788:August 12,
8750:August 12,
8724:August 12,
8583:January 1,
8102:August 12,
8075:August 12,
8044:August 12,
8013:August 12,
7982:August 12,
7955:August 12,
7700:August 12,
7673:August 12,
7621:August 31,
7584:August 31,
7486:August 31,
7481:optics.org
7366:August 13,
7335:August 13,
7309:August 13,
7231:August 14,
7174:August 31,
7149:August 23,
6982:August 13,
6879:October 6,
6823:August 12,
6797:October 2,
6771:August 22,
6738:January 2,
6654:August 11,
5580:August 22,
5549:August 31,
5432:August 31,
5380:August 13,
5353:August 13,
5330:August 13,
5307:August 13,
5280:August 13,
5253:August 13,
5226:August 13,
5199:August 13,
5172:August 13,
5141:August 13,
4942:August 17,
4906:03.ibm.com
4664:October 4,
4642:October 4,
3817:"About us"
3504:August 22,
3474:. Nasdaq.
3472:nasdaq.com
3412:IBM Impact
3227:References
3047:president
3039:president
3023:president
3000:astronaut
2900:served as
2881:served as
2864:Steve Ward
2760:Ross Perot
2748:Apple Inc.
2736:IBM Fellow
2709:IBM Watson
2598:dress code
2499:inventions
2491:SCO v. IBM
2402:Brazil lab
2372:discusses
2367:IBM Fellow
2299:Consulting
2180:IBM Watson
1951:See also:
1862:Jamshedpur
1802:Coimbatore
1745:IBM Watson
1663:See also:
1512:Employees
1509:(US$ bn)
1507:Net income
1504:(US$ bn)
1465:webMethods
1428:Turbonomic
1402:Brad Smith
1358:Cleversafe
1292:Apple Inc.
1277:Davao City
1199:, and the
1111:World Bank
954:M1 Carbine
894:, Canada.
876:Binghamton
860:time clock
792:, and the
696:System/360
540:Net income
416:alphaWorks
337:Blockchain
333:Consulting
317:Automation
277:Key people
213:1924-06-16
76:Trade name
11921:Companies
11878:Solectron
11868:Signetics
11843:Microsemi
11833:Freescale
11828:Fairchild
11818:Commodore
11687:Synaptics
11630:Microchip
11605:Interlink
11420:ViewSonic
11375:Microsoft
11310:Honeywell
11249:Companies
11149:Microsoft
11072:companies
10982:Microsoft
10903:companies
10721:Panasonic
10706:Microsoft
10578:Travelers
10558:Microsoft
10523:Honeywell
10498:Coca-Cola
10242:Deep Blue
10148:directors
9607:WebSphere
9546:PureQuery
9454:Selectric
9429:Blue Gene
9344:Mainframe
9117:MIT Press
8832:155066215
8622:0001-0782
8499:April 30,
8386:CNN Money
7616:0362-4331
7008:March 22,
6956:March 27,
6843:Bloomberg
6603:March 11,
6567:boerse.de
6541:boerse.de
6521:April 29,
6491:April 29,
6460:April 29,
6429:April 29,
6339:. Reuters
5835:April 24,
5706:0099-9660
5663:CNN Money
5611:April 22,
5601:CNN Money
5482:Bloomberg
5452:Bloomberg
4886:April 16,
4775:0099-9660
4721:March 29,
4716:0362-4331
4265:MIT Press
3744:0261-3077
3129:and five
3091:Leo Esaki
3063:chairman
3059:, former
3043:, former
3035:, former
2991:Ed Zschau
2959:Todd Akin
2927:; former
2923:governor
2921:Wisconsin
2838:, former
2826:, former
2818:, former
2814:chairman
2810:, former
2802:, former
2766:chairman
2764:Microsoft
2754:, former
2713:Jeopardy!
2691:Employees
2644:Wimbledon
2640:U.S. Open
2609:Helvetica
2605:Paul Rand
2418:Zurichlab
2414:Tokyo lab
2410:Bangalore
2406:Haifa lab
2193:Jeopardy!
2145:SoftLayer
2123:includes
2121:IBM Cloud
2063:TrueNorth
1986:analytics
1962:Blue Gene
1939:from the
1858:Bangalore
1854:Hyderabad
1814:Ahmedabad
1798:Bangalore
1406:Microsoft
1312:Microsoft
1288:Power ISA
1264:Jeopardy!
1247:Blue Gene
1243:SPSS Inc.
1012:Selectric
990:of IBM's
947:Holocaust
912:antitrust
823:IBM is a
682:(CTR), a
648:trademark
462:Full List
440:Mainframe
425:PureQuery
412:WebSphere
362:IBM Cloud
299:Gary Cohn
141:component
135:component
129:component
109:Traded as
68:, in 2014
51:Paul Rand
11788:Synopsys
11677:Qualcomm
11660:Mellanox
11580:Broadcom
11480:Achronix
11360:Magnavox
11355:Logitech
11335:Kingston
11186:See also
11109:Autodesk
11070:software
10940:Dell EMC
10834:See also
10767:Dell EMC
10740:Dynabook
10324:Category
10291:IBM Plex
10146:Board of
10039:Big Blue
9839:Honolulu
9748:Merative
9733:EduQuest
9716:Taligent
9685:Research
9622:entities
9620:Business
9561:OpenQASM
9489:Cloudant
9459:ThinkPad
9382:Quantum
9330:Hardware
9322:Products
9177:(1990).
9136:(2006).
8989:(2002).
8933:(2001).
8782:Archived
8744:Archived
8718:Archived
8661:Archived
8630:11847872
8577:Archived
8525:Archived
8493:Archived
8447:Archived
8445:. TIME.
8390:Archived
8348:Archived
8318:Archived
8262:Archived
8213:July 22,
8187:Archived
8149:Archived
8122:Archived
8096:Archived
8069:Archived
8038:Archived
8007:Archived
7976:Archived
7949:Archived
7833:Archived
7793:July 22,
7749:July 21,
7743:Archived
7694:Archived
7667:Archived
7641:Archived
7461:July 20,
7455:Archived
7419:Archived
7390:Archived
7360:Archived
7303:Archived
7251:Archived
7225:Archived
7199:Archived
7143:Archived
7118:July 10,
7086:Archived
7066:June 17,
7035:June 17,
7029:Archived
7002:Archived
6976:Archived
6950:Archived
6920:Archived
6873:Archived
6847:Archived
6791:Archived
6765:Archived
6732:Archived
6701:Archived
6675:Archived
6673:. CNBC.
6648:Archived
6597:Archived
6577:April 9,
6547:April 9,
6515:Archived
6485:Archived
6454:Archived
6450:DealBook
6423:Archived
6367:Archived
6318:Archived
6293:Archived
6192:March 7,
6163:Archived
6130:Archived
6100:Archived
6064:Archived
6033:Archived
6000:Archived
5969:Archived
5940:Archived
5938:. CNBC.
5913:Archived
5886:Archived
5855:Archived
5803:Archived
5773:Archived
5743:Archived
5710:Archived
5667:Archived
5636:Archived
5605:Archived
5574:Archived
5543:Archived
5517:Archived
5486:Archived
5462:March 7,
5456:Archived
5407:March 7,
5401:Archived
5374:Archived
5301:Archived
5274:Archived
5247:Archived
5220:Archived
5193:Archived
5166:Archived
5135:Archived
5108:Archived
5087:July 18,
5081:Archived
5056:July 18,
5050:Archived
5020:Archived
4994:Archived
4963:Archived
4916:March 1,
4616:July 10,
4610:Archived
4324:Archived
4294:Archived
4259:(2003).
4000:June 14,
3991:Archived
3928:Archived
3894:Archived
3864:Archived
3638:July 14,
3529:Archived
3476:Archived
3442:Archived
3344:March 8,
3319:March 8,
3313:Archived
3289:July 22,
3283:Archived
3257:July 18,
3251:archived
3165:See also
3055:referee
2936:Slovakia
2868:Teradata
2856:ASOS.com
2820:AT&T
2782:founder
2752:Tim Cook
2664:Big Blue
2662:as the "
2660:X-League
2613:IBM Plex
2595:de facto
2591:Big Blue
2484:. IBM's
2480:(RDBMS)
2342:Research
2247:CompStat
2214:melanoma
2210:oncology
2127:(IaaS),
2084:Software
2051:Nintendo
2043:Xbox 360
2008:Hardware
1978:commerce
1968:in 2009.
1947:Products
1929:I.M. Pei
1834:Gurugram
1691:Vanguard
1652:282,200
1638:288,300
1624:282,100
1610:345,900
1596:352,600
1582:350,600
1568:366,600
1554:380,300
1540:377,757
1526:379,592
816:and six
738:software
655:Big Blue
473:Services
345:Software
321:Robotics
313:Products
289:chairman
231:Founders
167:Industry
86:Formerly
11907:Portals
11801:Defunct
11620:Lattice
11542:Sanmina
11440:SanDisk
11400:Seagate
11380:Monster
11370:Memorex
11365:Marantz
11350:Lexmark
11340:Kimball
11330:Kenmore
11320:InFocus
11280:Corsair
11174:Tencent
11007:Seagate
11002:Samsung
10997:Plextor
10947:Fujitsu
10812:Fujitsu
10731:Samsung
10681:Fujitsu
10598:Walmart
10588:Verizon
10488:Chevron
10334:Commons
10301:ScicomP
9844:Seattle
9797:Towers
9743:Lexmark
9738:Kyndryl
9680:Red Hat
9629:Current
9600:Granite
9595:Watsonx
9511:Fortran
9439:PowerPC
9366:Storage
9337:Current
9300:History
9292:History
8697:May 31,
8268:May 23,
8237:Fortune
8184:Alt URL
7739:LWN.net
7647:May 28,
7524:Reuters
7428:June 8,
7301:. IBM.
7283:May 18,
7092:May 23,
6974:. IBM.
6926:May 28,
6699:. IBM.
6481:Reuters
6419:Fortune
6373:May 15,
6289:Reuters
6096:Reuters
5882:Reuters
5809:July 9,
5799:Red Hat
5769:Red Hat
5632:Reuters
5349:. eWeek
5326:. eWeek
5162:Reuters
5048:. IBM.
5046:ibm.com
5026:July 1,
4969:July 1,
4685:PC Week
4586:July 6,
4330:May 17,
4107:ibm.com
4025:May 28,
3525:Fortune
3448:June 1,
3279:Fortune
3217:Kyndryl
3082:of the
2946:), and
2792:Lisa Su
2780:Gartner
2567:patents
2563:patents
2497:Famous
2476:-based
2466:Eclipse
2429:R&D
2422:Nairobi
2376:, 2010.
2277:Granite
2269:Watsonx
2141:Bluemix
2096:in the
2027:IBM z16
1992:(IoT),
1822:Kolkata
1806:Chennai
1502:Revenue
1450:Rapidus
1421:Kyndryl
1410:Vatican
1400:joined
1391:Red Hat
1380:Groupon
1376:Ustream
1343:fabless
1296:Tencent
1157:-based
1155:PowerPC
1131:Lexmark
1000:FORTRAN
996:IBM 704
965:IBM 701
943:Dehomag
892:Toronto
835:History
768:(ATM),
673:patents
627:ibm.com
622:Website
499:Revenue
430:Fortran
387:Watsonx
211: (
203:Founded
157::
120::
11858:Philco
11823:Compaq
11740:Lenovo
11735:Google
11702:Xilinx
11692:Tabula
11672:onsemi
11655:Nvidia
11645:NetApp
11640:Micron
11547:Vishay
11512:Cirque
11502:Altera
11305:Harman
11154:Oracle
11139:Intuit
11124:Google
11114:Citrix
11099:Amazon
11068:Major
10992:Oracle
10987:NetApp
10977:Kioxia
10952:Google
10925:Amazon
10899:Major
10792:Oracle
10787:NetApp
10782:Inspur
10696:Lenovo
10686:Huawei
10503:Disney
10478:Boeing
10458:Amazon
10306:Unions
9917:Fellow
9728:Cognos
9701:AdStar
9694:Former
9658:Kenexa
9636:Apptio
9590:Watson
9556:Qiskit
9422:Former
9411:Condor
9401:Osprey
9376:DS8000
9245:Yahoo!
9235:Google
9189:
9163:
9144:
9099:
9080:
9035:
9016:
8997:
8966:
8943:
8906:
8830:
8774:
8653:
8628:
8620:
8608:: 39.
8453:May 1,
8424:
8288:Forbes
8155:May 1,
8034:Forbes
8003:Forbes
7897:
7864:
7825:
7614:
7356:Forbes
6681:May 4,
6623:Nasdaq
6263:Forbes
6136:May 1,
6029:Forbes
5996:Forbes
5704:
5642:May 9,
4829:Forbes
4773:
4714:
4239:
4214:
4154:243101
4152:
4142:
4071:
3856:
3796:Forbes
3770:Forbes
3742:
3586:
3580:IBM PC
3434:"10-K"
3125:. Ten
3105:; and
2989:, and
2944:France
2860:Lenovo
2812:Yahoo!
2628:iPhone
2585:, 2013
2545:, the
2537:, the
2529:, the
2525:, the
2521:, the
2517:, the
2513:, the
2509:, the
2433:Watson
2057:. IBM
2049:, and
1998:mobile
1826:Mumbai
1763:; and
1689:, and
1671:Anthem
1334:, and
1324:Macy's
1316:VMware
1269:Kenexa
1259:Watson
1239:Lenovo
1209:Compaq
1195:, the
1127:AdStar
1119:IBM PC
1071:OS/VS1
890:; and
808:, and
788:, the
784:, the
780:, the
776:, the
744:, and
595:(2023)
574:(2023)
553:(2023)
533:(2023)
513:(2023)
382:Watson
355:Brands
291:&
226:, U.S.
101:Public
11808:Actel
11754:Other
11725:Apple
11707:Zilog
11634:Atmel
11600:Intel
11575:Apple
11532:KEMET
11527:Jabil
11457:Xerox
11425:Vizio
11395:Razer
11275:Cisco
11265:Apple
11144:Infor
11104:Apple
11089:Adobe
10930:Apple
10920:ADATA
10762:Cisco
10736:Sharp
10726:Razer
10666:Apple
10553:Merck
10533:Intel
10493:Cisco
10473:Apple
10468:Amgen
10204:Other
9675:Press
9668:India
9484:Cloud
9472:Other
9406:Heron
9396:Eagle
9349:IBM Z
8839:(PDF)
8828:S2CID
8808:(PDF)
8626:S2CID
7422:(PDF)
7415:(PDF)
7169:ZDNET
7139:ZDNet
6916:PCMAG
6397:ZDNET
6188:. IBM
6158:ZDNet
4580:(PDF)
4573:(PDF)
4050:89–93
3994:(PDF)
3983:(PDF)
3658:PCMAG
3203:Notes
2890:woman
2830:CEOs
2444:Linux
2147:is a
2055:Wii U
2023:IBM z
1846:Surat
1838:Noida
1818:Delhi
1810:Kochi
1646:61.8
1643:2023
1632:60.5
1629:2022
1618:57.3
1615:2021
1604:73.6
1601:2020
1590:77.1
1587:2019
1576:79.5
1573:2018
1562:79.1
1559:2017
1551:11.8
1548:79.9
1545:2016
1537:13.1
1534:81.7
1531:2015
1523:12.0
1520:92.7
1517:2014
1499:Year
1300:Cisco
1228:Xnote
1151:clone
1137:in a
986:when
939:Nazis
917:THINK
11853:Palm
11766:Cray
11522:Flex
11435:HGST
11345:Koss
11285:Dell
11270:Bose
11017:Sony
10935:Dell
10746:Vaio
10676:Dell
10671:Asus
10661:Acer
10593:Visa
10563:Nike
10349:FOSS
10074:CEOs
9978:DRAM
9573:SPSS
9516:ILOG
9187:ISBN
9161:ISBN
9142:ISBN
9097:ISBN
9078:ISBN
9033:ISBN
9014:ISBN
8995:ISBN
8964:ISBN
8941:ISBN
8904:ISBN
8873:2013
8847:2010
8790:2016
8772:ISBN
8752:2016
8726:2016
8699:2012
8669:2020
8651:ISBN
8618:ISSN
8585:2014
8559:2007
8533:2020
8501:2006
8455:2015
8422:ISBN
8398:2017
8356:2021
8326:2014
8300:2017
8270:2010
8244:2022
8215:2022
8157:2008
8130:2015
8104:2016
8077:2016
8046:2016
8015:2016
7984:2016
7957:2016
7930:2009
7895:ISBN
7862:ISBN
7841:2020
7823:ISBN
7795:2012
7751:2016
7702:2016
7675:2016
7649:2015
7623:2024
7612:ISSN
7586:2024
7488:2024
7463:2021
7430:2019
7398:2019
7368:2016
7337:2016
7311:2016
7285:2022
7259:2016
7233:2016
7207:2018
7176:2024
7151:2016
7120:2014
7094:2010
7068:2011
7037:2011
7010:2007
6984:2016
6958:2020
6928:2015
6881:2018
6855:2018
6825:2016
6799:2018
6773:2016
6740:2015
6709:2009
6683:2018
6656:2016
6605:2020
6579:2024
6549:2024
6523:2021
6493:2021
6462:2021
6431:2021
6375:2024
6345:2023
6270:2023
6244:CNBC
6194:2022
6171:2022
6138:2021
6108:2021
6072:2021
6041:2020
6008:2020
5977:2020
5948:2020
5921:2020
5894:2020
5863:2020
5837:2024
5811:2019
5781:2018
5751:2018
5718:2018
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