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Centers were structured in a decentralized manner. Each center functioned as an integral part of the IBM organization in its respective region or country. This organization also financed the center and ultimately determined its content and strategic direction.The task of an IBM Scientific Center was to contribute with its research, its expertise and its cooperation projects for the benefit of the respective country and thus to contribute to the reputation of IBM in this country or this region.
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for business, academic and society. The Lab funds approximately 50 projects per year, which are co-led by principal investigators from MIT and IBM Research, with results published regularly at top peer-reviewed journals and conferences. Projects range from computer vision, natural language processing and reinforcement learning, to devising new ways to ensure that AI systems are fair, reliable and secure.
1209:
research institutions were an important part of IBM's mission for the scientific centers. Because of this, the spectrum of activities of such a center was often very broad. For example, some research groups could deal with topics that can be assigned to basic or product-oriented research, while others dealt with application-oriented research topics, for example satellite-based soil classification.
817:, interactive content, healthcare analytics and services research, multimedia analytics, and genomics. The lab was headed by several directors over its 10 years lifespan, including Vice President , Joanna Batstone and Professor Iven Mareels. It was to be the companyâs first laboratory combining research and development in a single organisation.
1119:, Switzerland. The lab moved to its own campus in neighboring RĂŒschlikon in 1962. The ZĂŒrich lab is staffed by a multicultural and interdisciplinary team of a few hundred permanent research staff members, graduate students and post-doctoral fellows, representing about 45 nationalities. Collocated with the lab is a
874:'s ninth at the time of opening and first in 12 years, underscores the growing importance of emerging markets and the globalization of innovation. In collaboration with Brazil's government, it will help IBM to develop technology systems around natural resource development and large-scale events such as the
926:
was appointed the founding director of TRL in 1982; he served as director until 1986. JSI was renamed to the IBM Tokyo
Research Laboratory in 1986. In 1988, English-to-Japanese machine translation system called "System for Human-Assisted Language Translation" (SHALT) was developed at TRL. It was used
569:
In 2017, IBM invested $ 240 million to create the MITâIBM Watson AI Lab. Headquartered in
Cambridge, MA, the Lab is a unique joint research venture in artificial intelligence established by IBM and MIT and brings together researchers in academia and industry to advance AI that has a real world impact
1208:
While the research laboratories of the IBM Research
Division had to be very restrictive with regard to scientific cooperation projects with non-IBM institutions for patent reasons and other reasons, technical-scientific and application-oriented cooperation projects with universities and other public
1204:
In addition to the IBM Research
Division, the IBM Scientific Centers, which were active in various functions from 1964 to the early 1990s, were another remarkable research unit. In contrast to the central control of the Research Division from the headquarters in Armonk in the USA, the IBM Scientific
1212:
Descriptions of the thematic focus and research projects as well as a selection of references to the scientific publications of the individual centers, as far as they were still alive in 1989, can be found in. A comprehensive description of the evolution, projects, and success stories of the IBM
986:
TRL researchers are responsible for numerous breakthroughs in sciences and engineering. The researchers have presented multiple papers at international conferences, and published numerous papers in international journals. They have also contributed to the products and services of IBM, and patent
1088:
The researchers at the Lab are involved in special projects with academic institutions across Israel, the United States, and Europe, and actively participate in numerous consortiums as part of the EU Horizon 2020 programme. Today in 2020, the Lab describes itself as having the highest number of
1054:
IBM Research â Haifa, previously known as the Haifa
Research Lab (HRL) was founded as a small scientific center in 1972. Since then, it has grown into a major lab that leads the development of innovative technologies and solutions for the IBM corporation. The labâs offices are situated in three
1172:
The ZĂŒrich lab focus areas are future chip technologies; nanotechnology; data storage; quantum computing, brain-inspired computing; security and privacy; risk and compliance; business optimization and transformation; server systems. The ZĂŒrich laboratory is involved in many joint projects with
902:
The IBM Research â Tokyo, which was called IBM Tokyo
Research Laboratory (TRL) before January 2009, is one of IBM's twelve major worldwide research laboratories. It is a branch of IBM Research, and about 200 researchers work for TRL. Established in 1982 as the Japan Science Institute (JSI) in
1184:
The research projects pursued at the IBM ZĂŒrich lab are organized into four scientific and technical departments: Science & Technology, Cloud and AI Systems
Research, Cognitive Computing & Industry Solutions and Security Research. The lab is currently managed by Alessandro Curioni.
1070:
IBM Research â Haifa employs researchers in a range of areas. Research projects are being executed today in areas such as artificial intelligence, hybrid cloud, quantum computing, blockchain, IoT, quality, cybersecurity, and industry domains such as healthcare.
1173:
universities throughout Europe, in research programs established by the
European Union and the Swiss government, and in cooperation agreements with research institutes of industrial partners. One of the lab's most high-profile projects is called
1216:
The history of the IBM Scientific
Centers began in 1964 with the founding of the first four centers in the USA (marked with * in the list below) and has subsequently grown to 26 centers worldwide in 1989. Their story ended in the early 1990s.
2614:
1089:
employees in Israel's hi-tech industry who hold advanced degrees in science, electrical engineering, mathematics, or related fields. Researchers participate in international conferences and are published in professional publications.
893:
applied to the development of the smarter devices for the intermittent production industry. This technology can be applied to, for example, blood testing or recovering oil from existing fields. And the last one is smarter cities."
1027:, and support their research programs. IBM donates its equipment such as servers, storage systems, and so forth to the Japanese universities to support their research programs under the Shared University Research (SUR) program.
2447:
2598:
2455:
3199:
1030:
In 1987, IBM Japan
Science Prize was created to recognize researchers, who are not over 45 years old, working at Japanese universities or public research institutes. It is awarded in
2741:
621:
and other collaborative academic institutions. Today, the research division is still the largest tenant of the site, but the majority of occupants work for other divisions of IBM.
1307:
1738:
951:
rays. In 1996, Java JIT compiler was developed at TRL, and it was released for major IBM platforms. Numerous other technological breakthroughs were made at TRL.
2304:
1104:
IBM Research â Zurich (previously called IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, ZRL) is the European branch of IBM Research. It was opened in 1956 and is located in
885:, involving oil and gas, mining and agricultural sectors. The second is the social data analytics segment that comprises the analysis of data generated from
1517:
2152:
1829:
61:, with operations in over 170 countries. IBM Research is the largest industrial research organization in the world and has twelve labs on six continents.
2575:
2485:
2094:
2013:
2548:
3223:
head of Watson Scientific Computation Laboratory at Columbia University, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota (archived 12 August 2002)
1602:
3484:
1979:
1777:
2929:
2904:
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The ZĂŒrich lab is world-renowned for its scientific achievementsâmost notably Nobel Prizes in physics in 1986 and 1987 for the invention of the
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computer system. Subdivisions included the Advanced Systems Development Division. Directors of the center include hard disc drive developer
227:, methods for managing, searching and deriving meaning from data and in turning IBM's advanced services methodologies into reusable assets.
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2374:
2044:
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2212:
1716:
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Engineer and associate lab director Ulisses Mello explains that IBM has four priority areas in Brazil: "The main area is related to
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The following are some of the famous scientists who have worked in the past or are currently working in this laboratory:
110:. This was the first IBM laboratory devoted to pure science and later expanded into additional IBM Research locations in
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1958:
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618:
451:
235:
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television quiz show. The Watson technology is now being commercialized as part of a project with healthcare company
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3832:
2514:
115:
28:
2698:
2646:
1521:
1092:
In 2014, IBM Research announced the Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (CCoE) in Beer Sheva in collaboration with
831:
The Melbourne Research lab was closed in 2021, approximately at the same time as the deal for tax breaks from the
4342:
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Almaden occupies part of a site owned by IBM at 650 Harry Road on nearly 700 acres (2.8 km) of land in the
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4022:
3920:
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106:
The roots of today's IBM Research began with the 1945 opening of the Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory at
1085:
In its 30th year, the IBM Haifa Research Lab in Israel moved to a new home on the University of Haifa campus.
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3991:
3253:
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1151:
1131:
1024:
706:
411:
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197:
3145:
2433:
2407:
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2101:
2005:
1336:
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is IBM Vice President of AI Technology and serves as the Director of the IBM Research Lab in Haifa, Israel.
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959:
295:
111:
77:
809:
IBM Research â Australia was a research and development laboratory established by IBM Research in 2009 in
3849:
3741:
1594:
918:
IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory was established in 1982 as the Japan Science Institute (JSI) in SanbanchĆ,
882:
547:
435:
375:
1983:
1769:
859:. Research focuses on Industrial Technology and Science, Systems of Engagement and Insight, Social Data
646:
Scientists at IBM Almaden have contributed to several scientific discoveries such as the development of
4220:
4204:
3746:
3701:
3629:
2925:
2900:
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1008:
1004:
624:
IBM opened its first West Coast research center, the San Jose Research Laboratory in 1952, managed by
216:
215:
Major undertakings at IBM Research have included the invention of innovative materials and structures,
32:
3334:
1535:
1213:
Heidelberg Scientific Center from its very beginning and to shortly before its end can be found in.
81:
51:
1855:
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4138:
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3801:
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Prompted by a need for additional space, the center moved to its present Almaden location in 1986.
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271:
170:
43:
3205:
4385:
4199:
3905:
3779:
3107:"Advanced Information Management (AIM): Advanced database technology for integrated applications"
2366:
1880:
1564:
821:
243:
150:
2036:
1565:"IBM Archives: IBM Women in technology IBM Women in WITI Hall of Fame profile for Frances Allen"
966:
since 2009, provided basic technology for IBM's software programs for the visually handicapped,
609:. The site, built in 1985 for the research center, was chosen because of its close proximity to
4230:
4001:
3817:
3519:
3074:
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD symposium on Principles of database systems - PODS '82
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sites , which can be applied, for example, to financial analysis. The third strategic area is
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224:
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875:
782:
678:
174:
130:
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1682:
632:, the first commercial moving head hard disk drive. Launched in 1956, this saw use in the
490:
IBM currently has 19 research facilities spread across 12 laboratories on six continents:
279:
262:, the question-answering computing system that won a match against human champions on the
8:
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3785:
3751:
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944:
936:
912:
908:
844:
722:
610:
522:
311:
303:
251:
107:
3069:
2572:"IBM's Brazil Research Labs Target Natural Resources, Data Analytics and Nanotechnology"
332:
There are a number of computer scientists "who made IBM Research famous." These include
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in 1993. In 1993, world record was accomplished for generation of continuous coherent
598:, services, storage systems, physical sciences, and materials science and technology.
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4274:
4168:
4163:
4027:
3951:
3546:
3514:
3422:
3354:
3339:
3246:
3126:
3085:
3034:
3030:
The IBM Heidelberg Science Center: User Oriented Informatics and Computers in Science
3004:
2731:
2675:
2604:
1447:
1358:
1127:), an executive briefing facility demonstrating technology prototypes and solutions.
923:
886:
864:
762:
758:
431:
423:
259:
178:
166:
2950:
230:
IBM Research's numerous contributions to physical and computer sciences include the
4257:
4060:
4052:
3981:
3883:
3811:
3412:
3369:
3364:
3118:
3077:
2996:
2336:
2037:"Renaissance Tech, Meet The Two Crazy New Bosses Who Might Close Two Of Your Funds"
1467:
1174:
1162:
1039:
1012:
940:
786:
778:
738:
734:
682:
674:
595:
555:
447:
443:
333:
134:
58:
3215:
2213:"Some key dates in IBM's operations in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (EMEA)"
820:
The opening of the Melbourne lab in 2011 received an injection of $ 22 million in
4235:
4148:
3971:
3910:
3556:
3479:
3349:
1474:
1441:
988:
714:
479:
407:
399:
383:
367:
126:
2793:
2723:
1920:
1486:
4284:
4158:
4153:
4114:
4042:
3996:
3915:
3624:
3504:
3278:
3270:
3106:
2984:
955:
890:
856:
794:
774:
770:
754:
718:
651:
606:
475:
471:
459:
455:
415:
387:
337:
212:. It was the first time atoms had been precisely positioned on a flat surface.
189:
142:
3028:
2819:
2767:
1905:
1799:
4379:
4133:
4108:
4078:
3864:
3585:
3524:
3432:
3407:
3322:
3130:
3008:
2702:
2600:
Managing synergistic innovations through corporate global R&D, Volume 173
2274:
1950:
1653:
848:
750:
710:
694:
686:
666:
633:
395:
379:
307:
158:
24:
2727:
Managing global innovation: uncovering the secrets of future competitiveness
2337:"IBM Research Demonstrates Path for Extending Current Chip-Making Technique"
1105:
935:
TRL was shifted from downtown Tokyo to the suburbs to share a building with
92:
than any other business in each of 25 consecutive years, which is a record.
4390:
4302:
4096:
4084:
3689:
3684:
3239:
2248:
971:
814:
702:
662:
539:
391:
69:
3081:
852:
4312:
4173:
4143:
3966:
3854:
3578:
3573:
3344:
1043:
948:
798:
790:
730:
670:
647:
637:
467:
357:
353:
349:
341:
267:
239:
193:
122:
65:
3226:
3122:
3000:
2506:
1454:. Cf. chapter "Making the 'R' Yield 'D': The IBM Labs" by Robert Buderi.
907:, it was renamed to IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory in 1986, and moved to
3895:
3888:
3822:
3568:
3389:
3379:
2638:
2275:"Gathering of the Most Brilliant Minds in Energy Storage to Take Place"
1189:
1159:
1143:
1074:
1064:
963:
766:
698:
591:
578:
162:
19:
1384:"IBM Breaks Records to Top U.S. Patent List for 25th Consecutive Year"
3653:
3646:
3462:
3384:
3374:
1035:
1000:
860:
810:
403:
291:
287:
263:
220:
2724:
Boutellier, Roman; Oliver Gassmann; Maximilian von Zedtwitz (2008).
1109:
327:
4269:
4017:
3961:
3726:
3711:
3694:
3539:
3467:
3437:
3146:"Concept for a Future Ground Control Data Set for Image Correction"
1166:
1116:
1060:
992:
835:
ended. Approximately 80 full-time researchers were made redundant.
746:
439:
2065:
506:
Cambridge â IBM Research and MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab (Cambridge, US)
4279:
3721:
3716:
3658:
3489:
3417:
2429:
2399:
2181:
1328:
1031:
996:
629:
559:
283:
209:
146:
101:
89:
1115:
In 1956, IBM opened their first European research laboratory in
3706:
3679:
3636:
3614:
3534:
2667:
2448:"IBM CHOOSES AUSTRALIA FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LABORATORY"
2153:"IBM100 - The First Corporate Pure Science Research Laboratory"
1142:, which revolutionized data transmission over telephone lines;
205:
2875:"Aya Soffer named as new Director of IBM's Haifa Research Lab"
2843:
2841:
3327:
2951:"IBM and ETH Zurich open collaborative Nanotechnology Center"
1056:
919:
904:
315:
247:
201:
3551:
3494:
3191:
3175:
The IBM Watson Laboratory at Columbia University: A History
3070:"Remarks on the algebra of non first normal form relations"
2838:
2762:
2760:
2758:
1165:. Most recently the lab was involved in the development of
543:
154:
1921:"Master Planner: Fred Brooks Shows How to Design Anything"
3262:
2985:"History and contributions of the IBM Scientific Centers"
974:) in 2007. TRL moved back to Tokyo in 2012, this time at
871:
47:
2755:
1528:
1154:(SET) standard used for highly secure payments; and the
594:. Its scientists perform basic and applied research in
2693:
2691:
2367:"IBM Scientists Discover Nanotech Communication Method"
494:
Africa (Nairobi, Kenya, and Johannesburg, South Africa)
3231:
2671:
Network security: current status and future directions
1196:, which is located on the same campus in RĂŒschlikon.
1177:, which is based on developing an IT roadmap for the
2688:
2668:
Douligeris, Christos; Dimitrios N. Serpanos (2007).
2539:Becker, Spencer E. Ante And Nathan (June 9, 2010).
1536:"Computer scientists who made IBM Research famous"
1190:Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich
1169:, a supercomputer that is cooled using hot water.
922:. It was IBM's first research laboratory in Asia.
824:funding and an undisclosed amount provided by the
1902:"The Promise, The Limits, The Beauty of Software"
1468:"Watson Research Center: Watson Facility History"
4377:
3485:Criminal Reduction Utilising Statistical History
3221:Oral history interview with Martin Schwarzschild
2596:
1462:
1460:
1436:
1434:
987:filings. TRL conducts research in microdevices,
851:. It was established in 2011, with locations in
242:. IBM Research was behind the inventions of the
2982:
1390:(Press release). 9 January 2018. Archived from
538:Historic research centers for IBM also include
3104:
2603:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 82â83.
1414:"IBM Watson Laboratory at Columbia University"
217:high-performance microprocessors and computers
3247:
3067:
2359:
1713:"John W. Backus, 82, Fortran Developer, Dies"
1457:
1443:Colussus: how the corporation changed America
1431:
1138:, respectively. Other key inventions include
246:travel reservation system, the technology of
88:. As of 2018, the company has generated more
2478:"Photos: IBM launches Melbourne R&D lab"
1518:"2 Researchers Spell 'I.B.M.,' Atom by Atom"
1233:Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (since 1964) *
573:
2210:
1278:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (1972â1974)
1254:Los Angeles, California, USA (since 1964) *
204:atoms on a substrate of chilled crystal of
3254:
3240:
3053:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2003:
321:
2918:
2893:
1266:Palo Alto, California, USA (since 1964) *
1199:
1150:and a highly successful IBM product; the
2983:Kolsky, H. G.; MacKinnon, R. A. (1989).
2329:
628:. Among its first developments was the
577:
121:Notable company inventions include the
18:
3171:
2394:
2392:
2305:"Guide to the Harwood G. Kolsky Papers"
2124:
2016:from the original on September 19, 2020
1308:IBM Journal of Research and Development
1296:Winchester, United Kingdom (since 1979)
1194:Binnig and Rohrer Nanotechnology Center
843:IBM Research â Brazil is one of twelve
562:), IBM Austin Research Laboratory, and
346:Charles H. Bennett (computer scientist)
270:Other notable developments include the
114:, starting in the 1950s, including the
16:IBM's research and development division
4401:Research and development organizations
4378:
3026:
2633:
2631:
2538:
2534:
2532:
2377:from the original on December 17, 2011
1515:
1446:, New York : Random House, 2001.
847:comprising IBM Research, its first in
208:to spell out the three letter company
3620:Center for The Business of Government
3235:
3143:
3022:
3020:
3018:
2978:
2976:
2800:from the original on 20 November 2009
2649:from the original on 28 December 2022
2517:from the original on 28 December 2022
2410:from the original on 21 December 2022
2255:from the original on October 23, 2020
2192:from the original on 21 December 2022
1918:
1810:from the original on 28 December 2022
1605:from the original on February 7, 2020
1339:from the original on 21 December 2022
503:Brazil (SĂŁo Paulo and Rio de Janeiro)
177:semiconductor manufacturing process,
23:IBM Research is headquartered at the
4308:
2774:from the original on 10 October 2009
2674:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 566.
2569:
2541:"IBM To Open Research Lab In Brazil"
2389:
2267:
2034:
2004:Fitzgerald, Michael (June 7, 2010).
1830:"IBM Community - IBM Community Home"
1800:"Grady Booch | IBM Research Profile"
1710:
1546:from the original on 11 October 2016
1516:Browne, Malcolm W. (April 5, 1990).
1497:from the original on 26 January 2017
1272:Peterlee, United Kingdom (1969â1979)
532:IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center
74:U.S. National Inventors Hall of Fame
3068:Jaeschke, G.; Schek, H. J. (1982).
2881:from the original on 18 August 2021
2826:from the original on 9 October 2009
2628:
2578:from the original on March 21, 2020
2529:
2507:"IBM Research - Brazil - Locations"
2133:from the original on March 15, 2016
2125:Shallit, Jeffrey (March 31, 2010).
1852:"Handbook of software architecture"
1281:Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (since 1986)
1018:
13:
3165:
3015:
2973:
2961:from the original on 16 April 2016
2699:"TRL 25th Anniversary (1982-2006)"
2551:from the original on June 23, 2019
1931:from the original on March 3, 2020
1575:from the original on April 5, 2020
1293:Wheaton, Maryland, USA (1967â1969)
1136:high-temperature superconductivity
236:high-temperature superconductivity
200:was used to arrange 35 individual
14:
4412:
3289:PC business acquisition by Lenovo
3227:IBM Research's technical journals
3183:
3105:Dadam, P.; Linnemann, V. (1989).
2855:from the original on 22 June 2009
2597:Persaud, Ajax; Uma Kumar (2002).
2347:from the original on May 22, 2014
2285:from the original on May 22, 2013
1780:from the original on May 30, 2020
1719:from the original on July 9, 2017
238:, both of which were awarded the
4318:
4317:
4307:
4298:
4297:
3987:Sabre airline reservation system
3833:Thomas J. Watson Research Center
2436:from the original on 2022-12-21.
1877:"IEEE Software: On Architecture"
1520:. New York Times. Archived from
1260:Mexico City, Mexico (since 1971)
1251:Kuwait City, Kuwait (since 1980)
1245:Heidelberg, Germany (since 1968)
300:reduced instruction set computer
219:, analytical methods and tools,
151:SABRE airline reservation system
116:Thomas J. Watson Research Center
64:IBM employees have garnered six
29:Thomas J. Watson Research Center
3500:Information Management Software
3137:
3098:
3061:
2943:
2932:from the original on 2008-09-19
2907:from the original on 2008-09-17
2867:
2812:
2786:
2744:from the original on 2023-03-12
2717:
2661:
2639:"IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory"
2617:from the original on 2023-03-12
2590:
2563:
2499:
2488:from the original on 2019-04-24
2470:
2440:
2422:
2297:
2241:
2204:
2174:
2145:
2118:
2087:
2076:from the original on 2016-03-16
2058:
2047:from the original on 2021-05-18
2028:
1997:
1972:
1961:from the original on 2020-01-26
1943:
1912:
1894:
1869:
1844:
1822:
1792:
1762:
1731:
1704:
1693:from the original on 2020-01-31
1675:
1664:from the original on 2019-07-03
1646:
1635:from the original on 2016-03-08
1625:"John Backus Archive Home Page"
1617:
1587:
1557:
1420:from the original on 2006-09-09
1365:from the original on 2011-06-29
1300:
1236:Caracas, Venezuela (since 1983)
485:
366:), Peter Brown, Larry Carter,
294:risk score, the one-transistor
4396:Computer science organizations
4253:International chess tournament
4033:Globally integrated enterprise
4023:Commercial Processing Workload
2570:Rosa, Silvia (June 10, 2014).
1919:Kelly, Kevin (July 28, 2010).
1711:Lohr, Steve (March 20, 2007).
1509:
1479:
1406:
1376:
1351:
1321:
1146:, which became a standard for
1099:
552:IBM New York Scientific Center
179:Watson artificial intelligence
1:
3992:Scanning tunneling microscope
2926:"Nobel Prize in Physics 1987"
2901:"Nobel Prize in Physics 1986"
2849:"Collaboration with Academia"
1314:
1152:Secure Electronic Transaction
1132:scanning tunneling microscope
822:Australian Federal Government
586:IBM Research â Almaden is in
534:(Yorktown Heights and Albany)
232:Scanning Tunneling Microscope
198:scanning tunneling microscope
78:National Medals of Technology
2159:. 2012-03-07. Archived from
1927:. Vol. 18, no. 8.
1239:Grenoble, France (1967â1973)
1227:Brasilia, Brazil (1980â1986)
1188:On 17 May 2011, IBM and the
1080:
930:
883:natural resources management
804:
296:dynamic random-access memory
139:Universal Product Code (UPC)
112:Westchester County, New York
7:
3860:Canada Head Office Building
3850:Cambridge Scientific Center
3742:Science Research Associates
3510:Mainframe operating systems
3206:Research History Highlights
3202:(archived 10 December 2005)
3172:Brennan, Jean Ford (1971).
1770:"IBM Archives: Erich Bloch"
1595:"IBM Archives: John Backus"
1359:"Awards & Achievements"
1263:New York City (1964â1972) *
1224:Bergen, Norway (since 1986)
981:
970:in 1997 and IBM aiBrowser (
548:Cambridge Scientific Center
518:India (Delhi and Bengaluru)
10:
4419:
3921:Virtual Universe Community
3642:International subsidiaries
3562:Service Automation Manager
3076:. ACM Press. p. 124.
2768:"Core Research Competency"
2127:"Recursivity: Alan Cobham"
2066:"Larry Carter's Home Page"
1939:– via www.wired.com.
1269:Paris, France (since 1977)
1257:Madrid, Spain (since 1972)
1248:Houston, Texas (1966â1974)
1242:Haifa, Israel (since 1972)
1023:TRL collaborates with the
1009:human computer interaction
927:to translate IBM manuals.
325:
175:silicon-on-insulator (SOI)
99:
95:
82:National Medals of Science
33:Yorktown Heights, New York
4293:
4182:
4124:
4051:
4010:
3939:
3873:
3769:
3672:
3607:
3598:
3450:
3400:
3315:
3308:
3299:
3269:
3033:. Sindelfingen, Germany.
3027:Blaser, Albrecht (2001).
2730:. Springer. p. 203.
1290:Venice, Italy (1969â1979)
1287:Tokyo, Japan (since 1970)
1230:Cairo, Egypt (since 1983)
1055:locations across Israel:
1049:
1015:, and services sciences.
838:
574:Almaden in Silicon Valley
286:, magnetic disk storage (
57:company headquartered in
3947:Automated teller machine
3901:The Great Mind Challenge
3284:Mergers and acquisitions
3216:Research history by year
2559:– via www.wsj.com.
2006:"The Grill: Fred Brooks"
1980:"Innovator: Fred Brooks"
1727:– via NYTimes.com.
1284:Rome, Italy (since 1979)
1275:Pisa, Italy (since 1971)
897:
588:Almaden Valley, San Jose
272:Data Encryption Standard
250:, magnetic storage, the
171:Automated Teller Machine
72:, 20 inductees into the
44:research and development
3906:Linux Technology Center
3261:
2877:. CTECH. 3 March 2021.
1440:Beatty, Jack, (editor)
1221:Bari, Italy (1969â1979)
322:Notable IBM researchers
4231:Dynamic infrastructure
4196:Big Blue sports teams
4002:Universal Product Code
1739:"John Backus Memorial"
1200:IBM Scientific Centers
1179:Square Kilometer Array
1156:Java Card OpenPlatform
1125:Industry Solutions Lab
583:
582:IBM Research â Almaden
363:The Mythical Man-Month
276:fast Fourier transform
225:software architectures
149:programming language,
55:information technology
36:
4363:Vacuum tube computers
4247:IBM and the Holocaust
4212:Common Public License
4097:Louis V. Gerstner Jr.
3880:Academy of Technology
3335:Power microprocessors
3082:10.1145/588111.588133
2701:. IBM. Archived from
2343:. February 20, 2006.
2317:on September 20, 2011
1840:on December 13, 2015.
1487:"History of progress"
1134:and the discovery of
1094:Ben-Gurion University
1025:Japanese universities
845:research laboratories
813:. It was involved in
581:
564:IBM Laboratory Vienna
500:Australia (Melbourne)
328:IBM § IBM alumni
302:(RISC) architecture,
22:
3977:Magnetic stripe card
3926:World Community Grid
3802:Toronto Software Lab
3458:Carbon Design System
3413:Cell microprocessors
2430:"Labs and locations"
2400:"Labs and locations"
2035:Comstock, Courtney.
1776:. January 23, 2003.
1601:. January 23, 2003.
1571:. January 23, 2003.
1542:, 17 December 2012,
1329:"Labs and locations"
968:IBM Home Page Reader
911:in 1992 and back to
876:2016 Summer Olympics
783:Ramakrishnan Srikant
679:Donald D. Chamberlin
528:Switzerland (ZĂŒrich)
360:(known for his book
318:-playing computer).
304:relational databases
131:magnetic stripe card
4241:GUIDE International
4103:Samuel J. Palmisano
3962:Electronic keypunch
3786:One Atlantic Center
3756:Weather Underground
3752:The Weather Company
3123:10.1147/sj.284.0661
3111:IBM Systems Journal
3001:10.1147/sj.284.0502
2989:IBM Systems Journal
2545:Wall Street Journal
2229:on October 10, 2022
2095:"SIAM short course"
1148:local area networks
976:IBM Toyosu Facility
945:Kanagawa Prefecture
937:IBM Yamato Facility
723:Andreas J. Heinrich
611:Stanford University
282:'s introduction of
252:relational database
157:, copper wiring in
135:relational database
108:Columbia University
4343:Personal computers
4333:Midrange computers
4323:Navigational boxes
4216:IBM Public License
4191:A Boy and His Atom
4149:Michelle J. Howard
4091:John Fellows Akers
4073:T. Vincent Learson
3780:1250 René-Lévesque
3520:Planning Analytics
3144:Bernstein, Ralph.
2820:"Research Results"
2458:on 5 February 2015
2251:. September 2017.
1908:on March 28, 2011.
1629:ccrma.stanford.edu
1473:2012-02-19 at the
1394:on 13 January 2018
1140:trellis modulation
743:William E. Moerner
727:Reynold B. Johnson
626:Reynold B. Johnson
603:Santa Teresa Hills
584:
497:Almaden (San Jose)
428:Reynold B. Johnson
420:Kenneth E. Iverson
183:Quantum Experience
102:IBM § History
37:
4373:
4372:
4338:Operating systems
4200:American football
4169:Joseph R. Swedish
4164:Martha E. Pollack
4067:Thomas Watson Jr.
4028:Customer engineer
3952:Cynefin framework
3838:Hakozaki Facility
3797:Rome Software Lab
3765:
3764:
3594:
3593:
3547:Rational Software
3446:
3445:
3428:Personal Computer
3423:Midrange computer
3091:978-0-89791-070-5
2794:"Technical Paper"
2737:978-3-540-25441-6
2681:978-0-471-70355-6
2281:. June 23, 2009.
2211:IBM Corporation.
1834:community.ibm.com
1452:978-0-7679-0352-3
924:Hisashi Kobayashi
887:social networking
865:Natural Resources
763:Patricia Selinger
521:Japan (Tokyo and
432:Benoit Mandelbrot
424:Frederick Jelinek
280:BenoĂźt Mandelbrot
248:laser eye surgery
167:portable computer
4408:
4321:
4320:
4311:
4310:
4301:
4300:
4061:Thomas J. Watson
3982:Relational model
3931:Think conference
3812:330 North Wabash
3732:Microelectronics
3605:
3604:
3530:Quantum Platform
3475:Cognos Analytics
3313:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3233:
3232:
3195:
3194:
3192:Official website
3179:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3065:
3059:
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3052:
3044:
3024:
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2784:
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2556:
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2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2454:. Archived from
2444:
2438:
2437:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2396:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2316:
2310:. Archived from
2309:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2249:"Inside the Lab"
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2228:
2222:. Archived from
2217:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2106:
2100:. Archived from
2099:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2041:Business Insider
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1982:. Archived from
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1904:. Archived from
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1879:. Archived from
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1854:. Archived from
1848:
1842:
1841:
1836:. Archived from
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1750:
1744:. Archived from
1743:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1687:www.columbia.edu
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1621:
1615:
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1591:
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1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1483:
1477:
1464:
1455:
1438:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1416:. Columbia.edu.
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1325:
1163:operating system
1040:computer science
1019:Other activities
1013:embedded systems
954:The team led by
833:State Government
826:State Government
787:Larry Stockmeyer
779:Arnold Spielberg
739:Dharmendra Modha
735:Jaishankar Menon
683:Ashok K. Chandra
675:Raymond F. Boyce
596:computer science
556:330 North Wabash
515:Ireland (Dublin)
448:Michael O. Rabin
444:Kirsten Moselund
334:Frances E. Allen
59:Armonk, New York
4418:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4405:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4289:
4275:SHARE computing
4236:GlobalFoundries
4178:
4126:
4120:
4047:
4006:
3997:Financial swaps
3972:Hard disk drive
3935:
3869:
3843:Yamato Facility
3761:
3668:
3600:
3590:
3557:Tivoli Software
3442:
3396:
3295:
3265:
3260:
3210:Top Innovations
3196:of IBM Research
3190:
3189:
3186:
3168:
3166:Further reading
3163:
3162:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3142:
3138:
3103:
3099:
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2380:
2378:
2373:. Feb 7, 2000.
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2097:
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2088:
2079:
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2070:cseweb.ucsd.edu
2064:
2063:
2059:
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2029:
2019:
2017:
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1989:
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1484:
1480:
1475:Wayback Machine
1465:
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1439:
1432:
1423:
1421:
1412:
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1397:
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1382:
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1327:
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1322:
1317:
1303:
1202:
1112:, Switzerland.
1102:
1083:
1052:
1021:
989:system software
984:
933:
900:
841:
807:
715:Jean Paul Jacob
576:
509:China (Beijing)
488:
480:Shmuel Winograd
464:Gardiner Tucker
408:Ralph E. Gomory
400:Jeanne Ferrante
384:Don Coppersmith
368:Gregory Chaitin
330:
324:
127:hard disk drive
104:
98:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4416:
4415:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4386:IBM facilities
4371:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4315:
4305:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4260:
4258:Lucifer cipher
4255:
4250:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4194:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4174:Peter R. Voser
4171:
4166:
4161:
4159:Andrew Liveris
4156:
4154:Arvind Krishna
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4130:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4115:Arvind Krishna
4112:
4106:
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4094:
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4076:
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3928:
3923:
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3916:Smarter Planet
3913:
3908:
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3893:
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3852:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3808:IBM Buildings
3806:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3793:Software Labs
3791:
3790:
3789:
3783:
3782:, Montreal, QC
3773:
3771:
3767:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3749:
3747:Service Bureau
3744:
3739:
3737:Product Center
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3702:Ambra Computer
3699:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3667:
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3661:
3656:
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3527:
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3517:
3512:
3507:
3505:Lotus Software
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
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3470:
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3117:(4): 661â681.
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1123:(formerly the
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1096:of the Negev.
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956:Chieko Asakawa
932:
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891:nanotechnology
857:Rio de Janeiro
840:
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806:
803:
795:Jennifer Widom
775:Malcolm Slaney
771:Barbara Simons
755:Nick Pippenger
719:Joseph Halpern
659:Rakesh Agrawal
652:quantum mirage
607:Silicon Valley
575:
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536:
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529:
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519:
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512:Israel (Haifa)
510:
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476:Mark N. Wegman
472:John Vlissides
460:Alfred Spector
456:Barbara Simons
416:Joseph Halpern
388:Wallace Eckert
338:Marc Auslander
323:
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190:nanotechnology
159:semiconductors
143:financial swap
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3071:
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3040:3-920799-23-2
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3019:
3010:
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2956:
2955:Press Release
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2720:
2705:on 4 May 2007
2704:
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2610:1-56720-463-5
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2371:Science Daily
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2187:
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2177:
2163:on 2017-09-07
2162:
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2132:
2128:
2121:
2107:on 2016-12-29
2103:
2096:
2090:
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2067:
2061:
2046:
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2031:
2015:
2011:
2010:Computerworld
2007:
2000:
1986:on 2011-04-16
1985:
1981:
1975:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1951:"Fred Brooks"
1946:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1883:on 2018-08-03
1882:
1878:
1872:
1858:on 2012-01-07
1857:
1853:
1847:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1751:on 2018-04-17
1747:
1740:
1734:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1683:"John Backus"
1678:
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1654:"John Backus"
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1121:Client Center
1118:
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870:The new lab,
868:
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849:South America
846:
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764:
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751:Stuart Parkin
748:
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732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
711:Laura M. Haas
708:
704:
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696:
695:Cynthia Dwork
692:
688:
687:Edgar F. Codd
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
667:Rama Akkiraju
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
644:
641:
639:
635:
634:IBM 305 RAMAC
631:
627:
622:
620:
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615:UC Santa Cruz
612:
608:
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523:Shin-Kawasaki
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298:(DRAM), the
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70:Turing Awards
67:
62:
60:
56:
53:
52:multinational
49:
46:division for
45:
41:
34:
30:
26:
25:Eero Saarinen
21:
4262:
4245:
4226:Deep Thought
4189:
4117:(since 2020)
4085:John R. Opel
4043:Think slogan
3884:Deep Thunder
3690:Kaleida Labs
3685:AIM alliance
3663:
3370:Q System Two
3365:Q System One
3209:
3174:
3152:. Retrieved
3139:
3114:
3110:
3100:
3073:
3063:
3029:
2992:
2988:
2963:. Retrieved
2954:
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2934:. Retrieved
2920:
2909:. Retrieved
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2869:
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2828:. Retrieved
2814:
2802:. Retrieved
2788:
2776:. Retrieved
2746:. Retrieved
2726:
2719:
2707:. Retrieved
2703:the original
2670:
2663:
2651:. Retrieved
2643:IBM Research
2642:
2619:. Retrieved
2599:
2592:
2580:. Retrieved
2565:
2553:. Retrieved
2544:
2519:. Retrieved
2511:IBM Research
2510:
2501:
2490:. Retrieved
2481:
2472:
2460:. Retrieved
2456:the original
2452:austrade.gov
2451:
2442:
2424:
2412:. Retrieved
2404:IBM Research
2403:
2379:. Retrieved
2370:
2361:
2349:. Retrieved
2340:
2331:
2319:. Retrieved
2312:the original
2299:
2287:. Retrieved
2278:
2269:
2257:. Retrieved
2243:
2231:. Retrieved
2224:the original
2219:
2206:
2194:. Retrieved
2186:IBM Research
2185:
2176:
2165:. Retrieved
2161:the original
2156:
2147:
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2120:
2109:. Retrieved
2102:the original
2089:
2078:. Retrieved
2069:
2060:
2049:. Retrieved
2040:
2030:
2018:. Retrieved
2009:
1999:
1988:. Retrieved
1984:the original
1974:
1963:. Retrieved
1955:www.nndb.com
1954:
1945:
1933:. Retrieved
1924:
1914:
1906:the original
1896:
1885:. Retrieved
1881:the original
1871:
1860:. Retrieved
1856:the original
1846:
1838:the original
1833:
1824:
1812:. Retrieved
1804:IBM Research
1803:
1794:
1782:. Retrieved
1773:
1764:
1753:. Retrieved
1746:the original
1733:
1721:. Retrieved
1706:
1695:. Retrieved
1686:
1677:
1666:. Retrieved
1658:www.nndb.com
1657:
1648:
1637:. Retrieved
1628:
1619:
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1598:
1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1568:
1559:
1548:, retrieved
1539:
1530:
1522:the original
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1491:IBM Research
1490:
1481:
1442:
1422:. Retrieved
1408:
1396:. Retrieved
1392:the original
1387:
1378:
1367:. Retrieved
1353:
1341:. Retrieved
1333:IBM Research
1332:
1323:
1306:
1301:Publications
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1187:
1183:
1171:
1129:
1124:
1120:
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1103:
1091:
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1053:
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1022:
1005:optimization
985:
972:ja:aiBrowser
953:
934:
917:
901:
880:
869:
842:
830:
819:
815:social media
808:
703:Ronald Fagin
663:Miklos Ajtai
656:
648:photoresists
645:
642:
623:
600:
585:
568:
540:IBM La Gaude
537:
489:
486:Laboratories
392:Ronald Fagin
361:
331:
229:
214:
194:IBM in atoms
188:Advances in
187:
120:
105:
86:Kavli Prizes
66:Nobel Prizes
63:
40:IBM Research
39:
38:
4358:Typewriters
4264:Mathematica
4205:Rugby union
4144:Alex Gorsky
4111:(2012â2020)
4105:(2002â2011)
4099:(1993â2002)
4093:(1985â1993)
4087:(1981â1985)
4081:(1973â1981)
4075:(1971â1973)
4069:(1956â1971)
4063:(1914â1956)
4011:Terminology
3967:Floppy disk
3911:SkillsBuild
3874:Initiatives
3855:IBM Hursley
3829:Facilities
3480:Connections
3350:FlashSystem
2653:28 December
2582:February 9,
2555:January 23,
2521:28 December
2462:15 February
2414:28 December
2321:January 31,
2220:IBM History
2196:28 December
2137:January 16,
2020:February 9,
1935:February 9,
1814:28 December
1784:February 9,
1774:www.ibm.com
1723:February 9,
1609:February 9,
1599:www.ibm.com
1579:February 9,
1569:www.ibm.com
1501:28 December
1343:28 December
1192:opened the
1100:Switzerland
1044:electronics
949:Ultraviolet
867:Solutions.
799:Shumin Zhai
791:Moshe Vardi
759:Dan Russell
731:Maria Klawe
671:John Backus
638:Jack Harker
619:UC Berkeley
468:Moshe Vardi
376:Alan Cobham
358:Fred Brooks
354:Grady Booch
350:Erich Bloch
342:John Backus
312:grandmaster
268:Anthem Inc.
240:Nobel Prize
173:(ATM), the
123:floppy disk
4380:Categories
4353:System/370
4348:System/360
4139:David Farr
4038:e-business
3940:Inventions
3889:Develothon
3770:Facilities
3630:Promontory
3625:Consulting
3154:2023-11-17
2936:2020-03-21
2911:2020-03-21
2748:2020-10-18
2621:2020-10-18
2492:2020-02-09
2259:October 6,
2182:"Our labs"
2167:2021-07-30
2111:2016-12-29
2080:2016-01-16
2051:2020-02-09
1990:2016-01-16
1965:2020-02-09
1887:2016-01-16
1862:2016-01-16
1755:2016-12-29
1697:2020-02-09
1668:2020-02-09
1639:2016-01-16
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1369:2012-05-23
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1144:Token Ring
1106:RĂŒschlikon
1075:Aya Soffer
1065:Beer Sheva
964:IBM Fellow
767:Ted Selker
699:Don Eigler
592:California
372:John Cocke
326:See also:
288:hard disks
221:algorithms
196:, where a
163:smartphone
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1001:analytics
915:in 2012.
861:Analytics
853:SĂŁo Paulo
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805:Australia
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404:Zvi Galil
308:Deep Blue
292:MELD-Plus
264:Jeopardy!
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4303:Category
4270:IBM Plex
4125:Board of
4018:Big Blue
3818:Honolulu
3727:Merative
3712:EduQuest
3695:Taligent
3664:Research
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3599:Business
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3438:ThinkPad
3361:Quantum
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3301:Products
3200:Projects
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2190:Archived
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