17:
423:
resulting in the compromised responses to issues that are relevant to more than one cluster. Cluster members may face challenges for secured financial independence from cluster or lead organizations. Another issue that potentially hinders services includes the maintenance of relationships with various forces and actors involved in conflicts. Inadequate facilitation training of many coordinators, and limited time on coordination at the sub-national level are reported as some of the issues that could prevent clusters from reaching their full potential.
59:
402:, nutrition, water and sanitation in some countries. Use of the cluster system improved the participating organizations' ability to identify gaps in humanitarian needs, and avoid duplication of efforts. Use of the cluster system increased the rate of learning between organizations, and improved the coordination of efforts due to an increase in the predictability of each others' actions. The amount of collaboration between United Nations and non-UN organizations improved as a result of the use of the cluster system.
1423:
422:
requiring humanitarian organizations to operate with independence from governments. Poor coordination of clusters prevents activities from reaching their maximum potential, and many of the coordinators working in clusters lack the necessary skills. Coordination between clusters is absent or weak,
381:
The purpose of cluster meetings is for agencies to share information, including information about unmet humanitarian needs, and for cluster coordinators share relevant information and standards to attendees. Clusters coordinators also coordinate fundraising for their respective humanitarian aid
382:
sector. Between the 2005 launch and the 2010 assessment, the cluster coordination mechanism had raised US$ 57 million through the cluster system, representing less than 1% of total fundraising for the institutions during that period.
1154:
45:
The coordination system has improved some aspects of humanitarian responses, and while it empowers international organizations, it also excludes local and national organizations, contrary to the widely accepted
414:
aspirations, the cluster system centers around international humanitarian agencies, and excludes local and national organizations from coordination activities. Use of the cluster system challenges the
311:
Clusters coordination is done by at meetings chaired by the coordination institution (above) as frequently as deemed necessary during an emergency: as often as daily or as infrequently as quarterly.
398:
A 2010 independent assessment of the cluster system found that the use of the cluster system has improved the humanitarian response to gender-based violence, inclusion of people with disabilities,
385:
Cluster coordination always occurs at a global level, national level, and local level and sometimes happens regionally or provincially depending on the specific circumstances of the emergency.
95:
As a result of recommendations from that review, the cluster system was introduced in
December 2005 to address the lack of coordination. The cluster system was first used in response to the
804:
32:
42:
delivery. The cluster system categorizes humanization activities into eleven work areas, and four cross-cutting themes, and identifies coordinating organizations for each of them.
862:
852:
278:
16:
1273:
1268:
564:
Steets, Julia; Binder, Andrew; Krüger, Susanna; Meier, Claudia; Grünewald, François; de
Geoffroy, VĂ©ronique; Kauffmann, Domitille; Sokpoh, B. (1 April 2010).
1139:
701:
111:. Each of the eleven clusters has one UN institution as a coordinator, with some having a secondary United Nations or non-UN coordinator, as follows:
834:
691:
82:
1403:
314:
In addition to the eleven clusters, there are four identified cross-cutting themes, each with a coordinating agency or agencies, as follows:
727:
284:
263:
142:
1398:
1149:
857:
1159:
799:
1010:
607:
368:
1195:
1180:
847:
809:
136:
77:(UN) Emergency Response Coordinator commissioned a review of the operation of the international humanitarian system, known as the
1290:
1220:
1040:
755:
411:
344:
156:
47:
1245:
750:
1215:
969:
632:
449:
953:
207:
506:
565:
1306:
1134:
943:
765:
355:
175:
108:
1190:
1030:
903:
760:
649:
600:
918:
722:
86:
1452:
1383:
1311:
1057:
938:
1225:
1185:
898:
1388:
1005:
979:
948:
473:
1447:
1357:
1326:
928:
824:
745:
593:
220:
505:
Stoddard, Abby; Harmer, Adele; Haver, Katherine; Salomons, Dirk; Wheeler, Victoria (November 2007).
1230:
1205:
883:
1336:
644:
415:
258:
96:
1316:
1144:
893:
1321:
1278:
1200:
1118:
878:
685:
334:
166:
1047:
814:
235:
203:
188:
913:
8:
1331:
995:
679:
888:
696:
1408:
1235:
1083:
842:
230:
1240:
1093:
627:
616:
399:
89:
39:
1283:
1098:
1088:
639:
273:
1422:
58:
1393:
1367:
1210:
1113:
908:
74:
1441:
198:
1427:
1362:
1352:
1263:
1108:
974:
674:
131:
35:, to coordinate multi-agency responses to large humanitarian emergencies.
1078:
923:
70:
62:
1103:
1073:
1052:
115:
Eleven United
Nations Clusters and their coordinating institution(s)
81:. The review identified gaps in coordination between United Nations,
585:
363:
33:
United
Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
279:
International
Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
819:
300:
248:
171:
38:
The system has been used since 2005 to improve the quality of
1035:
1000:
933:
514:
1164:
714:
504:
295:
563:
450:"What is the Cluster Approach? | HumanitarianResponse"
102:
405:
393:
702:International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission
566:"Cluster Approach Evaluation II Synthesis Report"
1439:
1404:United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic
107:The clusters are defined and categorized by the
601:
285:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
264:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
143:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
1399:Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Weeks
20:Humanitarian aid being distributed in Haiti
1011:Yemen Relief and Reconstruction Foundation
608:
594:
296:Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Health
137:International Organization for Migration
57:
24:Disaster response coordination mechanism
15:
376:
1440:
589:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
354:Which ever two agencies co-chair the
132:Camp Coordination and Camp Management
1041:The State of the Humanitarian System
615:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
533:
531:
529:
527:
525:
500:
498:
496:
494:
444:
442:
440:
438:
436:
345:United Nations Environment Programme
157:United Nations Development Programme
13:
1291:The State of the World's Cash 2020
1216:Central African Republic Civil War
14:
1464:
954:Koyamada International Foundation
522:
491:
433:
208:Food and Agriculture Organization
103:Clusters and cross cutting themes
1421:
406:Criticisms of the cluster system
394:Advantages of the cluster system
1307:Attacks on humanitarian workers
766:Inter-Agency Standing Committee
356:Inter-Agency Standing Committee
109:Inter-Agency Standing Committee
1322:Health Care In Danger Campaign
1221:Western African Ebola outbreak
904:International Rescue Committee
761:Humanitarian-Development Nexus
650:International humanitarian law
466:
1:
1269:Sexual exploitation and abuse
1145:German Federal Foreign Office
723:History of the United Nations
507:"Cluster Approach Evaluation"
454:www.humanitarianresponse.info
426:
185:Emergency Telecommunications
1384:2015 European migrant crisis
1312:Aid Worker Security Database
1186:Great Indian Famine of 1870s
1058:Global Humanitarian Overview
358:sub-working group on gender
326:Coordinating institution(s)
123:Coordinating Institution(s)
7:
899:International Medical Corps
771:Humanitarian Cluster System
388:
29:Humanitarian Cluster System
10:
1469:
1389:Detention Centres in Libya
1274:Core Humanitarian Standard
1006:Network for Refugee Voices
980:Global Refugee-Led Network
474:"UN IASC Cluster Approach"
318:Four Cross Cutting issues
79:Humanitarian Reform Agenda
53:
1417:
1376:
1358:International development
1345:
1327:Kunduz hospital airstrike
1299:
1254:
1173:
1127:
1066:
1023:
988:
962:
929:Norwegian Refugee Council
871:
833:
792:
783:
746:World Humanitarian Summit
736:
712:
665:
658:
623:
221:World Health Organization
31:is a system, used by the
1231:South Sudanese Civil War
1206:2011 East Africa drought
919:Médecins Sans Frontières
884:Catholic Relief Services
1337:Dolo hospital airstrike
1181:Chinese Famine of 1870s
728:1951 Refugee Convention
645:Humanitarian principles
97:2005 Kashmir earthquake
1317:World Humanitarian Day
1191:Ethiopian famine 1980s
1024:Analysis and reporting
894:Danish Refugee Council
872:International agencies
416:humanitarian principle
66:
21:
1279:Sphere (organization)
1201:2010 Haiti earthquake
1119:Rachel Kiddell-Monroe
879:Action Against Hunger
853:The Federation (IFRC)
686:A Memory of Solferino
478:Disaster Philanthropy
335:HelpAge International
61:
19:
1048:The New Humanitarian
377:Cluster coordination
236:World Food Programme
204:World Food Programme
189:World Food Programme
1453:Disaster management
1332:Airstrikes on Yemen
680:Battle of Solferino
319:
116:
1128:Donors and funding
863:Protective Emblems
858:National Societies
835:Red Cross Movement
697:Geneva Conventions
692:Red Cross Movement
666:1850s, Creation of
317:
114:
67:
22:
1435:
1434:
1409:Aid effectiveness
1300:Aid worker safety
1236:Rohingya genocide
1174:Major emergencies
1084:Christos Christou
1019:
1018:
944:Save the Children
914:MĂ©decins du Monde
843:Seville Agreement
779:
778:
633:in conflict zones
374:
373:
309:
308:
176:Save the Children
1460:
1448:Humanitarian aid
1428:World portal
1426:
1425:
1377:Related articles
1246:Yemeni Civil War
1241:Syrian civil war
1094:Martin Griffiths
790:
789:
663:
662:
628:Humanitarian aid
617:Humanitarian aid
610:
603:
596:
587:
586:
580:
579:
577:
576:
561:
520:
519:
511:
502:
489:
488:
486:
485:
470:
464:
463:
461:
460:
446:
400:child protection
320:
316:
117:
113:
92:organizations.
90:humanitarian aid
87:non-governmental
40:humanitarian aid
1468:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1420:
1413:
1372:
1341:
1295:
1284:Sphere Handbook
1256:
1250:
1169:
1123:
1099:Jemilah Mahmood
1089:Winnie Byanyima
1062:
1015:
984:
958:
867:
829:
785:
775:
739:reform attempts
738:
732:
708:
667:
654:
640:Humanitarianism
619:
614:
584:
583:
574:
572:
562:
523:
509:
503:
492:
483:
481:
472:
471:
467:
458:
456:
448:
447:
434:
429:
408:
396:
391:
379:
153:Early Recovery
105:
56:
25:
12:
11:
5:
1466:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1433:
1432:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1394:Crisis mapping
1391:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1368:Neocolonialism
1365:
1360:
1355:
1349:
1347:
1346:Related fields
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1211:Typhoon Haiyan
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1114:James Orbinski
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1068:
1067:Notable people
1064:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1033:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
992:
990:
989:Local agencies
986:
985:
983:
982:
977:
972:
966:
964:
960:
959:
957:
956:
951:
946:
941:
939:Guardian Girls
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
909:Islamic Relief
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
875:
873:
869:
868:
866:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
839:
837:
831:
830:
828:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
796:
794:
787:
781:
780:
777:
776:
774:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
742:
740:
734:
733:
731:
730:
725:
719:
717:
710:
709:
707:
706:
705:
704:
694:
689:
682:
677:
671:
669:
660:
656:
655:
653:
652:
647:
642:
637:
636:
635:
624:
621:
620:
613:
612:
605:
598:
590:
582:
581:
521:
490:
465:
431:
430:
428:
425:
407:
404:
395:
392:
390:
387:
378:
375:
372:
371:
366:
360:
359:
352:
348:
347:
342:
338:
337:
332:
328:
327:
324:
307:
306:
303:
298:
292:
291:
288:
276:
270:
269:
266:
261:
255:
254:
251:
246:
242:
241:
238:
233:
227:
226:
223:
218:
214:
213:
210:
201:
195:
194:
191:
186:
182:
181:
178:
169:
163:
162:
159:
154:
150:
149:
146:
134:
128:
127:
124:
121:
104:
101:
75:United Nations
55:
52:
23:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1465:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
993:
991:
987:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
965:
961:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
876:
874:
870:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
840:
838:
836:
832:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
797:
795:
791:
788:
786:organizations
782:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
751:Grand Bargain
749:
747:
744:
743:
741:
735:
729:
726:
724:
721:
720:
718:
716:
711:
703:
700:
699:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
687:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
672:
670:
668:the Red Cross
664:
661:
657:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
634:
631:
630:
629:
626:
625:
622:
618:
611:
606:
604:
599:
597:
592:
591:
588:
571:
567:
560:
558:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
526:
517:
516:
508:
501:
499:
497:
495:
479:
475:
469:
455:
451:
445:
443:
441:
439:
437:
432:
424:
421:
417:
413:
403:
401:
386:
383:
370:
367:
365:
362:
361:
357:
353:
350:
349:
346:
343:
340:
339:
336:
333:
330:
329:
325:
322:
321:
315:
312:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
293:
289:
287:
286:
280:
277:
275:
272:
271:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
256:
252:
250:
247:
244:
243:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
228:
224:
222:
219:
216:
215:
211:
209:
205:
202:
200:
199:Food Security
197:
196:
192:
190:
187:
184:
183:
179:
177:
173:
170:
168:
165:
164:
160:
158:
155:
152:
151:
147:
145:
144:
138:
135:
133:
130:
129:
125:
122:
119:
118:
112:
110:
100:
98:
93:
91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
64:
60:
51:
49:
43:
41:
36:
34:
30:
18:
1419:
1363:Peacekeeping
1353:Human Rights
1264:CHS Alliance
1257:power, abuse
1196:2004 tsunami
1109:Peter Maurer
970:NEAR Network
949:World Vision
784:Humanitarian
770:
756:Localisation
737:21st-century
684:
675:Henry Dunant
573:. Retrieved
570:www.gppi.net
569:
513:
482:. Retrieved
477:
468:
457:. Retrieved
453:
420:independence
419:
412:localisation
409:
397:
384:
380:
341:Environment
313:
310:
282:
140:
106:
94:
78:
68:
48:localisation
44:
37:
28:
26:
1079:Jan Egeland
963:Consortiums
924:Mercy Corps
793:UN agencies
71:Jan Egeland
65:in Pakistan
63:Jan Egeland
1442:Categories
1255:Standards,
575:2022-01-07
484:2022-01-07
459:2022-01-07
427:References
259:Protection
245:Nutrition
1155:ECHO (EU)
1150:FCDO (UK)
1104:Hugo Slim
1074:Degan Ali
1053:ReliefWeb
305:Response
290:Response
268:Response
253:Response
231:Logistics
225:Response
212:Response
180:Response
167:Education
161:Response
148:Response
83:Red Cross
69:In 2004,
1226:Iraq War
410:Despite
389:Critique
364:HIV/AIDS
240:Service
193:Service
120:Cluster
50:agenda.
659:History
351:Gender
274:Shelter
217:Health
54:History
1160:Turkey
820:UNICEF
480:. 2020
369:UNAIDS
323:Issue
301:UNICEF
249:UNICEF
172:UNICEF
139:, and
73:, the
1140:USAID
1036:ALNAP
1001:Adeso
934:Oxfam
800:UNHCR
713:Post
515:ALNAP
510:(PDF)
126:Type
1165:OECD
1135:CERF
996:BRAC
975:CALP
889:CARE
848:ICRC
805:OCHA
715:WWII
331:Age
283:the
281:and
206:and
174:and
141:the
85:and
27:The
1031:ODI
825:WHO
815:WFP
810:IOM
418:of
1444::
568:.
524:^
512:.
493:^
476:.
452:.
435:^
99:.
609:e
602:t
595:v
578:.
518:.
487:.
462:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)