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Society of Public
Welfare created a permanent sub-committee called "The International Committee for Aid to Wounded in Situations of War". Composed of five Geneva citizens, this committee endorsed Dunant's vision to legally neutralize medical personnel responding to wounded soldiers. The constitutive conference of this committee in October 1863 created the statutory foundation of the International Committee of the Red Cross in their resolutions regarding national societies, caring for the wounded, their symbol, and most importantly the indispensable neutrality of ambulances, hospitals, medical personnel and the wounded themselves. Beyond this, in order to solidify humanitarian practice, the Geneva Society of Public Welfare hosted a convention between 8 and 22 August 1864 at the Geneva Town Hall with 16 diverse States present, including many governments of Europe, the Ottoman Empire, the United States of America (USA), Brazil and Mexico. This diplomatic conference was exceptional, not due to the number or status of its attendees but rather because of its very raison d'être. Unlike many diplomatic conferences before it, this conference's purpose was not to reach a settlement after a conflict nor to mediate between opposing interests; indeed this conference was to lay down rules for the future of conflict with aims to protect medical services and those wounded in battle.
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dying of disease than from battle wounds. Typhus, typhoid, cholera and dysentery were common in the army hospitals. Nightingale and her team established a kitchen, laundry and increased hygiene. More nurses arrived to aid in the efforts and the
General Hospital at Scutari was able to care for 6,000 patients. Nightingale's contributions still influence humanitarian aid efforts. This is especially true in regard to Nightingale's use of statistics and measures of mortality and morbidity. Nightingale used principles of new science and statistics to measure progress and plan for her hospital. She kept records of the number and cause of deaths in order to continuously improve the conditions in hospitals. Her findings were that in every 1,000 soldiers, 600 were dying of communicable and infectious diseases. She worked to improve hygiene, nutrition and clean water and decreased the mortality rate from 60% to 42% to 2.2%. All of these improvements are pillars of modern humanitarian intervention. Once she returned to Great Britain she campaigned for the founding of the Royal Commission on the Health of the Army. She advocated for the use of statistics and coxcombs to portray the needs of those in conflict settings.
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second limitation is how humanitarian organizations are focused on a specific disaster or epidemic, without a plan for whatever might come next; international organizations frequently enter a region, provide short term aid, and then exit without ensuring local capacity to maintain or sustain this medical care. Finally, humanitarian medical aid assumes a biomedical approach which does not always account for the alternative beliefs and practices about health and well-being in the affected regions. This problem is rarely explored as most studies conducted are done from the lens of the donor or
Westernized humanitarian organization rather than the recipient country's perspective. Discovering ways of encouraging locals to embrace bio-medicine approaches while simultaneously respecting a given people's culture and beliefs remains a major challenge for humanitarian aid organizations; in particular as organizations constantly enter new regions as crises occur. However, understanding how to provide aid cohesively with existing regional approaches is necessary in securing the local peoples' acceptance of the humanitarian aid's work.
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ethnic polarization heightened this effect. However, since academic research on aid and conflict focuses on the role of aid in post-conflict settings, the aforementioned finding is difficult to contextualize. Nevertheless, research on Iraq shows that "small-scale , local aid spending ... reduces conflict by creating incentives for average citizens to support the government in subtle ways." Similarly, another study also shows that aid flows can "reduce conflict because increasing aid revenues can relax government budget constraints, which can increase military spending and deter opposing groups from engaging in conflict." Thus, the impact of humanitarian aid on conflict may vary depending upon the type and mode in which aid is received, and,
1344:, as well as those by the International Committee for Russian Relief joined extant humanitarian organizations in delivering food and medicine to Russia over the course of 1921 and 1922, at some points feeding over 10 millions Russians every day. With the United States left relatively untouched by World War I, its intensive private and public efforts in Russia constituted a clear expression of its new paramount soft power on the international stage, with power projection from European states having been either totally destroyed or severely limited in scope in the years following the conflict.
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related personnel, the requirement to care for and protect the sick and wounded during the conflict and something of particular symbolic importance to the
International Committee of the Red Cross: the Red Cross emblem. For the first time in contemporary history, it was acknowledged by a representative selection of states that war had limits. The significance only grew with time in the revision and adaptation of the Geneva Convention in 1906, 1929 and 1949; additionally, supplementary treaties granted protection to hospital ships, prisoners of war and most importantly to civilians in wartime.
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1221:: impartiality and neutrality. Dunant took these ideas and came up with two more ingenious concepts that would profoundly alter the practice of war; first Dunant envisioned a creation of permanent volunteer relief societies, much like the ad hoc relief group he coordinated in Solferino, to assist wounded soldiers; next Dunant began an effort to call for the adoption of a treaty which would guarantee the protection of wounded soldiers and any who attempted to come to their aid.
567:, food aid can have the unintended consequence of discouraging household-level production. Poor timing of aid and FFW wages that are above market rates cause negative dependency by diverting labor from local private uses, particularly if FFW obligations decrease labor on a household's own enterprises during a critical part of the production cycle. This type of disincentive impacts not only food aid recipients but also producers who sell to areas receiving food aid flows.
542:, driving down prices of the food aid commodity and its substitutes, but also increasing demand for complements. Most recipient economies are not robust and food aid inflows can cause large price decreases, decreasing producer profits, limiting producers' abilities to pay off debts and thereby diminishing both capacity and incentives to invest in improving agricultural productivity. However, food aid distributed directly or through FFW programs to households in northern
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aid being not only inefficacious but actually fuelling conflicts in the recipient countries. Aid stealing is one of the prime ways in which conflict is promoted by humanitarian aid. Aid can be seized by armed groups, and even if it does reach the intended recipients, "it is difficult to exclude local members of a local militia group from being direct recipients if they are also malnourished and qualify to receive aid."
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governments for global support and partnership to address natural disasters, wars, and other crises that impact people's health. Often, a humanitarian aid organization would clash with a government's approach to the unfolding domestic conflict. In such cases, humanitarian aid organizations have sought out autonomy to extend help regardless of political or ethnic affiliation.
365:. However, gaining secure access often involves negotiation and the practice of humanitarian diplomacy. In the arena of negotiations, humanitarian diplomacy is ostensibly used by humanitarian actors to try to persuade decision makers and leaders to act, at all times and in all circumstances, in the interest of vulnerable people and with full respect for fundamental
331:. The majority of aid is provided in the form of in-kind goods or assistance, with cash and vouchers constituting only 6% of total humanitarian spending. However, evidence has shown how cash transfers can be better for recipients as it gives them choice and control, they can be more cost-efficient and better for local markets and economies.
924:, a network of agencies working in the Humanitarian System, as 210,800 in 2008. This is made up of roughly 50% from NGOs, 25% from the Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement and 25% from the UN system. In 2010, it was reported that the humanitarian fieldworker population increased by approximately 6% per year over the previous 10 years.
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deployed, the increasingly unstable environments in which they work, and the erosion of the perception of neutrality and independence. In 2012 road travel was seen to be the most dangerous context, with kidnappings of aid workers quadrupling in the last decade, reaching more aid workers victims than any other form of attack.
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war and treatment of soldiers after they were injured or killed; in of themselves these accounts altered the course of history. Beyond this, in his two-week experience attending to the wounded soldiers of all nationalities, Dunant inadvertently established the vital conceptual pillars of what would later become the
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which is to ensure migrants and refugees retain access to basic goods and services and the labour market. Basic needs, including access to shelter, clean water, and child protection, are supplemented by the UN's efforts to facilitate social integration and legal regularization for displaced individuals.
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in June 1859, canceled his plans and began a relief response. Despite little to no experience as a medical physician, Dunant worked alongside local volunteers to assist the wounded soldiers from all warring parties, including
Austrian, Italian and French casualties, in any way he could including the
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have in recent years made great efforts to increase participation, accountability and transparency in dealing with aid, yet humanitarian assistance remains a poorly understood process to those meant to be receiving it—much greater investment needs to be made into researching and investing in relevant
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are more attractive than work on recipients' own farms/businesses, either because the FFW pays immediately, or because the household considers the payoffs to the FFW project to be higher than the returns to labor on its own plots. Food aid programs hence take productive inputs away from local private
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Aid workers are exposed to tough conditions and have to be flexible, resilient, and responsible in an environment that humans are not psychologically supposed to deal with, in such severe conditions that trauma is common. In recent years, a number of concerns have been raised about the mental health
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ethnic group allowed the arrival of international aid organizations only upon agreement not give aid to the Lendu (opposition of Hema). Humanitarian aid workers have acknowledged the threat of stolen aid and have developed strategies for minimizing the amount of theft en route. However, aid can fuel
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identify theft by armed forces on the ground as a primary unintended consequence through which food aid and other types of humanitarian aid promote conflict. Food aid usually has to be transported across large geographic territories and during the transportation it becomes a target for armed forces,
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FFW programs are often used to counter a perceived dependency syndrome associated with freely distributed food. However, poorly designed FFW programs may cause more risk of harming local production than the benefits of free food distribution. In structurally weak economies, FFW program design is not
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changed the world in a way that no one, let alone Dunant, could have foreseen nor truly appreciated at the time. To start, Dunant was able to profoundly stir the emotions of his readers by bringing the battle and suffering into their homes, equipping them to understand the current barbaric state of
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While some critics were questioning whether the sector will truly benefit from the implementation of yet another humanitarian standard, others have praised it for its simplicity. Most notably, it has replaced the core standards of the Sphere
Handbook and it is regularly referred to and supported by
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is the provision of emergency assistance and support to individuals and communities affected by armed conflict, with the aim of alleviating suffering, maintaining human dignity, and preserving life. This type of aid encompasses a wide range of services, including but not limited to, the delivery of
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Furthermore, analyzing the relationship between conflict and food aid, recent research shows that the United States food aid promoted civil conflict in recipient countries on average. An increase in United States' wheat aid increased the duration of armed civil conflicts in recipient countries, and
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In addition to post-conflict settings, a large portion of aid is often directed at countries currently undergoing conflicts. However, the effectiveness of humanitarian aid, particularly food aid, in conflict-prone regions has been criticized in recent years. There have been accounts of humanitarian
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provides guidelines for humanitarian actors on how be inclusive of gender when delivering humanitarian aid. It recommends agencies to collect data disaggregated by sex and age to better understand which group of the population is in need of what type of aid. In recent years, the United
Nations have
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Early attempts were in private hands and were limited in their financial and organizational capabilities. It was only in the 1980s, that global news coverage and celebrity endorsement were mobilized to galvanize large-scale government-led famine (and other forms of) relief in response to disasters
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is concluded to have led to an increase in violent conflict in the country. After the program's start, some municipalities experienced and statistically significant and large increase in casualties, as compared to other municipalities who were not part of the CDD. Casualties suffered by government
660:, where food aid is funneled to the Shabab, a Somali militant group that controls much of Southern Somalia. Moreover, reports reveal that Somali contractors for aid agencies have formed a cartel and act as important power brokers, arming opposition groups with the profits made from the stolen aid"
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How aid is delivered can affect the quality and quantity of aid. Often in disaster situations, international aid agencies work in hand with local agencies. There can be different arrangements on the role these agencies play, and such arrangement affects that quality of hard and soft aid delivered.
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After publishing his foundational text in 1862, progress came quickly for Dunant and his efforts to create a permanent relief society and
International Humanitarian Law. The embryonic formation of the International Committee of the Red Cross had begun to take shape in 1863 when the private Geneva
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and her team of 38 nurses arrived to
Barracks Hospital of Scutari where there were thousands of sick and wounded soldiers. Nightingale and her team watched as the understaffed military hospitals struggled to maintain hygienic conditions and meet the needs of patients. Ten times more soldiers were
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documented 139 humanitarian workers killed in intentional attacks out of the estimated global population of 569,700 workers. In every year since 2013, more than 100 humanitarian workers were killed. This is attributed to a number of factors, including the increasing number of humanitarian workers
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or, if they produce substitutes or the commodity received, they may sell more of it. This can be most easily understood by dividing a population in a food aid recipient area into subpopulations based on two criteria: whether or not they receive food aid (recipients vs. non-recipients) and whether
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operational activities, price changes, and trade displacement. These issues arise from targeting inefficacy and poor timing of aid programs. Food aid can harm producers by driving down prices of local products, whereas the producers are not themselves beneficiaries of food aid. Unintentional harm
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The UN implements a multifaceted approach to assist migrants and refugees throughout their relocation process. This includes children's integration into the local education system, food security, and access to health services. The approach also encompasses humanitarian transportation, the goal of
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Humanitarian medical aid as a sector possesses several limitations. First, multiple organizations often exist to solve the same problem. Rather than collaborating to address a given situation, organizations frequently interact as competitors, which creates bottlenecks of treatment and supplies. A
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There are different kinds of medical humanitarian aid, including: providing medical supplies and equipment; sending professionals to an affected region; and, long-term training for local medical staff. Such aid emerged when international organizations stepped in to respond to the need of national
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These results are consistent with other examples of humanitarian aid exacerbating civil conflict. One explanation is that insurgents attempt to sabotage CDD programs for political reasons – successful implementation of a government-supported project could weaken the insurgents' position. Related
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leads to an increase in the incidence of armed civil conflict in the recipient country. Another correlation demonstrated is food aid prolonging existing conflicts, specifically among countries with a recent history of civil conflict. However, this does not find an effect on conflict in countries
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if it was shipped on his planes. These shipments of humanitarian aid helped the rebel leader to circumvent the siege on Biafra placed by the
Nigerian government. These stolen shipments of humanitarian aid caused the Biafran civil war to last years longer than it would have without the aid, claim
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are distinct concepts. Humanitarian aid generally refers to the provision of immediate, short-term relief in crisis situations, such as food, water, shelter, and medical care. Humanitarian assistance, on the other hand, encompasses a broader range of activities, including longer-term support for
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for money to help the victims. The Shandong Famine Relief Committee was soon established, with those participating including diplomats, businessmen, as well as Christian missionaries, Catholic and Protestant alike. An international network was set up to solicit donations, ultimately bringing in
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The beginnings of organized international humanitarian aid can be traced to the late 19th century. Early campaigns include British aid to distressed populations on the continent and in Sweden during the Napoleonic Wars, and the international relief campaigns during the Great Irish Famine in the
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Criticism around humanitarian aid has persisted to claim that the distribution of aid in conflict zones poses significant ethical, legal, and operational challenges, particularly when it comes to the inadvertent support of terrorist organizations in regions controlled or influenced by terrorist
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in 2024, or 1 out of 27 people worldwide. In 2024, the estimated global humanitarian response requirements amount to approximately US$ 46.4 billion, targeting around 188 million of the most vulnerable people in 69 countries. The three major drivers of humanitarian needs worldwide are conflicts,
1323:, taking place in a country already immensely burdened with systemic agriculture and logistical struggles—then ravaged by successive periods of industrial war, blockade, bad harvests, the Russian Revolution, its resulting political restructuring and social upheaval, and then the insurgency and
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have been to various degrees blamed for the shocking severity of the famine, with critiques revolving around their laissez-faire attitude and the resulting lack of any adequate policy to address the mass death and suffering across the subcontinent, though meaningful relief measures began to be
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The first of the renowned Geneva Conventions was signed on 22 August 1864; never before in history has a treaty so greatly impacted how warring parties engage with one another. The basic tenents of the convention outlined the neutrality of medical services, including hospitals, ambulances, and
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It is important to note that humanitarian aid is not only delivered through aid workers sent by bilateral, multilateral or intergovernmental organizations, such as the United Nations. Actors like the affected people themselves, civil society, local informal first-responders, civil society, the
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to pen an open letter to the international community asking for relief for the Russian people. Despite the ongoing ideological, material, and military conflicts levied by both the new socialist state and the capitalist international community towards one another, efforts to aid the starving
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However, there is no clear consensus on the trade-offs between speed and control, especially in emergency situations when the humanitarian imperative of saving lives and alleviating suffering may conflict with the time and resources required to minimise corruption risks. Researchers at the
390:, the institutional and operational focus of humanitarian aid has been on leveraging technology to enhance humanitarian action, ensuring that more formal relationships are established, and improving the interaction between formal humanitarian organizations such as the United Nations (UN)
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meet to compile data and work on a humanitarian response plan. Throughout the plans. women specific challenges are listed and sex and age disaggregated data are used so when they deliver aid to a country facing a humanitarian crisis, girls and women can have access to the aid they need.
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In 2020, there was an exponential increase in humanitarian needs, with 235 million people, or 1 in 33 individuals globally, requiring humanitarian assistance and protection by the year's end. A report documented an 85% increase in humanitarian air during 2020 then the year before.
187:. The logic of food export inherently entails some effort to change consumers' preferences, to introduce recipients to new foods and thereby stimulate demand for foods with which recipients were previously unfamiliar or which otherwise represent only a small portion of their diet.
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from individuals, corporations, governments and other organizations. The funding and delivery of humanitarian aid is increasingly international, making it much faster, more responsive, and more effective in coping to major emergencies affecting large numbers of people (e.g. see
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Bugnion, Francois. "Birth of an Idea: The Founding of the International Committee of the Red Cross and of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement: From Solferino to the Original Geneva Convention (1859–1864)." International Review of the Red Cross 94 (2013):
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Bugnion, Francois. "Birth of an Idea: The Founding of the International Committee of the Red Cross and of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement: From Solferino to the Original Geneva Convention (1859–1864)." International Review of the Red Cross 94 (2013):
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Bugnion, Francois. "Birth of an Idea: The Founding of the International Committee of the Red Cross and of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement: From Solferino to the Original Geneva Convention (1859–1864)." International Review of the Red Cross 94 (2013):
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Bugnion, Francois. "Birth of an Idea: The Founding of the International Committee of the Red Cross and of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement: From Solferino to the Original Geneva Convention (1859–1864)." International Review of the Red Cross 94 (2013):
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Bugnion, Francois. "Birth of an Idea: The Founding of the International Committee of the Red Cross and of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement: From Solferino to the Original Geneva Convention (1859–1864)." International Review of the Red Cross 94 (2013):
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Bugnion, Francois. "Birth of an Idea: The Founding of the International Committee of the Red Cross and of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement: From Solferino to the Original Geneva Convention (1859–1864)." International Review of the Red Cross 94 (2013):
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Bugnion, Francois. "Birth of an Idea: The Founding of the International Committee of the Red Cross and of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement: From Solferino to the Original Geneva Convention (1859–1864)." International Review of the Red Cross 94 (2013):
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ugnion, Francois. "Birth of an Idea: The Founding of the International Committee of the Red Cross and of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement: From Solferino to the Original Geneva Convention (1859–1864)." International Review of the Red Cross 94 (2013):
1442:, the World Humanitarian Summit included participants from governments, civil society organizations, private organizations, and groups affected by humanitarian need. Issues that were discussed included: preventing and ending conflict, managing crises, and aid financing.
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Waste and corruption are hard to quantify, in part because they are often taboo subjects, but they appear to be significant in humanitarian aid. For example, it has been estimated that over $ 8.75 billion was lost to waste, fraud, abuse and mismanagement in the
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shows that higher-income households had excess labor and thus lower (not higher as expected) value of time, and therefore allocated this labor to FFW schemes in which poorer households could not afford to participate due to labor scarcity. Similarly, FFW programs in
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Bugnion, Francois. "Birth of an Idea: The Founding of the International Committee of the Red Cross and of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement: From Solferino to the Original Geneva Convention (1859–1864)." International Review of the Red Cross 94
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Bugnion, Francois. "Birth of an Idea: The Founding of the International Committee of the Red Cross and of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement: From Solferino to the Original Geneva Convention (1859–1864)." International Review of the Red Cross 94
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findings of Beath, Christia, and Enikolopov further demonstrate that a successful community-driven development program increased support for the government in Afghanistan by exacerbating conflict in the short term, revealing an unintended consequence of the aid.
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Food aid is a type of aid whereby food that is given to countries in urgent need of food supplies, especially if they have just experienced a natural disaster. Food aid can be provided by importing food from the donor, buying food locally, or providing cash.
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Following the outburst of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, approximately 216 million individuals required humanitarian aid across 69 countries. Many efforts and reforms of humanitarian assistance were made following the pandemic to the Covid-19 pandemic.
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occurs when food aid arrives or is purchased at the wrong time, when food aid distribution is not well-targeted to food-insecure households, and when the local market is relatively poorly integrated with broader national, regional and global markets.
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without a recent history of civil conflict. Moreover, different types of international aid other than food which is easily stolen during its delivery, namely technical assistance and cash transfers, can have different effects on civil conflict.
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Internationally organized humanitarian aid efforts continued to be launched for the rest of the century, often with ever-greater logistical acumen and experience. In 1876, after a drought led to cascading crop failures across Northern China, a
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Reports of sexual exploitation and abuse in humanitarian response have been reported following humanitarian interventions in Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone in 2002, in Central African Republic and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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food, water, shelter, medical care, and protection services, and is delivered amidst challenging and often dangerous conditions, with the goal of reaching those most in need regardless of their location, political affiliation, or status.
214:(a locally distilled alcohol) fell significantly and consumption seems to have increased as a result. This was a result of grain food aid inflows increasing the availability of low-cost inputs to the informal distilling industry.
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they are net sellers or net buyers of food. Because the price they receive for their output is lower, however, net sellers are unambiguously worse off if they do not receive food aid or some other form of compensatory transfer.
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Clearly explain the processes during the targeting and registration stages, highlighting points such as the fact that people should not make payments to be included, photocopy and read aloud any lists prepared by leaders or
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exacerbate women's vulnerabilities. When delivering humanitarian aid, it is thus important for humanitarian actors, such as the United Nations, to include challenges specific to women in their humanitarian response. The
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The value of the stolen or lost provisions can exceed the value of the food aid alone since convoy vehicles and telecommunication equipment are also stolen. MSF Holland, international aid organization operating in
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641:, underscored the strategic importance of these goods, stating that these "vehicles and communications equipment have a value beyond their monetary worth for armed actors, increasing their capacity to wage war"
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The humanitarian community has initiated a number of interagency initiatives to improve accountability, quality and performance in humanitarian action. Four of the most widely known initiatives are, ALNAP, the
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induced millions of people in the West to donate money and to urge their governments to participate in the relief effort in Ethiopia. Some of the proceeds also went to the famine hit areas of Eritrea.
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Securing access to humanitarian aid in post-disasters, conflicts, and complex emergencies is a major concern for humanitarian actors. To win assent for interventions, aid agencies often espouse the
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that grant them immunity from attack by belligerent parties. However, attacks on humanitarian workers have occasionally occurred, and become more frequent since the 1990s and 2000s. In 2017, the
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The International Committee of the Red Cross exists to this day as the guardian of International Humanitarian Law and as one of the largest providers of humanitarian aid in the world.
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Recent research suggests that patterns of food aid distribution may inadvertently affect the natural environment, by changing consumption patterns and by inducing locational change in
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Intertwined with and informed efforts related to the profound destruction and disruption caused by World War I, including that of the Red Cross and Red Crescent organization, the
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supported 400 CDD programs in 94 countries, valued at US$ 30 billion. Academic research scrutinizes the effect of community-driven development programs on civil conflict. The
2011:. Easton, Matthew,, United Nations. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs,, Collaborative for Development Action., CDA Collaborative Learning Projects. . 2016.
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diaspora, businesses, local governments, military, local and international non-governmental organizations all play a crucial role in a timely delivery of humanitarian aid.
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2021 reporting on a Racial Equity Index report indicated that just under two-thirds of aid workers have experienced racism and 98% of survey respondents witnessed racism.
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Barrett, Christopher B.; Clay, Daniel C. (1 June 2003). "Self-Targeting Accuracy in the Presence of Imperfect Factor Markets: Evidence from Food-for-Work in Ethiopia".
1067:(CHS). Representatives of these initiatives began meeting together on a regular basis in 2003 in order to share common issues and harmonise activities where possible.
519:. In order to be granted the right to monetize, operational agencies must demonstrate that the recipient country has adequate storage facilities and that the monetized
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Establish and verify the effectiveness of complaints mechanisms, paying close attention to local power structures, security and cultural factors hindering complaints;
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introduced towards the famine's end. Privately, a famine relief fund was set up in the United Kingdom, raising £426,000 within its first few months of operation.
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A famous instance of humanitarian aid unintentionally helping rebel groups occurred during the Nigeria-Biafra civil war in the late 1960s, where the rebel leader
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to help humanitarian organizations make sense of the vast volume and velocity of information generated during disasters. For example, crowdsourcing maps (such as
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1407:, resulted in the creation of the Humanitarian Cluster System, designed to improve coordination between humanitarian agencies working on the same issues.
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1117:(CHS). It was approved by the CHS Technical Advisory Group in 2014, and has since been endorsed by many humanitarian actors such as "the Boards of the
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is another database that includes attacks on humanitarian workers in addition to other conflict-related incidents. Insecurity Insight produces monthly
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What have been the impacts of World Bank Community-Driven Development Programs? CDD impact evaluation review and operational and research implications
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during the food crises of the mid-1970s and mid-1980s were widely believed to stimulate a shift in consumer demand from indigenous coarse grains –
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are decidedly mixed, underscoring the reality that it is impossible to generate only positive intended effects from an international aid program.
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groups. There have been several incidents where aid convoys were hijacked and looted to the terrorist groups in control. Humanitarian actions in
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112:, whose members are responsible for providing emergency relief. The four UN entities that have primary roles in delivering humanitarian aid are
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Measuring Historical Heat: Event, Performance, and Impact in China and the West. Symposium in Honour of Rudolf G. Wagner on His 60th Birthday
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broke out that lasted several years—during its course as many as 10 million people may have died from hunger and disease. British missionary
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which was produced by a coalition of leading non-governmental humanitarian agencies, lists the following principles of humanitarian action:
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and other activities. A pair of studies in Northern Kenya found that food aid distribution seems to induce greater spatial concentration of
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Barnett, Michael, and Weiss, Thomas. Humanitarianism in Question: Politics, Power, Ethics. (New York: Cornell University Press, 2008), 101.
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have shown to be an additional, not alternative, source of employment and that the very poor rarely participate due to labor constraints.
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495:, changes in recipients' food consumption patterns and natural resources use patterns, distortion of social safety nets, distortion of
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Thurow, Roger, and Scott Kilman. 2009. Enough: Why the World's Poorest Starve in an Age of Plenty. New York: PublicAffairs. (pp.206)
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The Central Emergency Response Fund was created at the 2005 Central Emergency Response Fund at the United Nations General Assembly.
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Forsythe, David. The Humanitarians: The International Committee of the Red Cross. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 17.
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Forsythe, David. The Humanitarians: The International Committee of the Red Cross. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 15.
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1177:, a Swiss businessman and social activist, who upon seeing the sheer destruction and inhumane abandonment of wounded soldiers from
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Stein, Eduardo; UNHCR; Refugees, IOM Joint Special Representative for; Venezuela, Migrants from; RMRP 2022, "Foreword" to the.
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provision of food, water, and medical supplies. His graphic account of the immense suffering he witnessed, written in his book
953:, with aid workers of the Global Development Professionals Network, revealed that 79 percent experienced mental health issues.
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government appropriation of food aid in the early 1990s was so problematic that aid shipments were canceled multiple times. In
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been using sex and age disaggregated data more and more, consulting with gender specialists. In the assessment phase, several
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Countries or war parties that prevent humanitarian relief are generally under unanimous criticism. Such was the case for the
613:
in the early 1990s indicate that between 20 and 80 percent of all food aid was stolen, looted, or confiscated. In the former
512:
4659:
3438:
3048:
2183:
1340:
population of Soviet Russia were intensive, deliberate, and effective. American efforts, led in large part future president
179:
Food aid that is relatively inappropriate to local uses can distort consumption patterns. Food aid is usually exported from
5787:
5607:
5322:
4887:
4872:
2977:
Crost, Benjamin; Felter, Joseph; Johnston, Patrick (June 2014). "Aid Under Fire: Development Projects and Civil Conflict".
1453:
113:
3501:
5812:
5317:
3591:
1446:
687:
conflict even if successfully delivered to the intended population as the recipient populations often include members of
621:
lost up to 30 percent of the total value of aid to Serbian armed forces. On top of that 30 percent, bribes were given to
291:(OCHA) coordinates the international humanitarian response to a crisis or emergency pursuant to Resolution 46/182 of the
234:
degradation, and that food aid provided as whole grain requires more cooking, and thus more fuelwood, stimulating local
5782:
5536:
5199:
3471:
2881:
1449:, including a commitment to spend 25% of aid funds directly through local and national humanitarian aid organizations.
826:
819:
944:
being caused by the simple knowledge that international aid workers can leave a crisis zone, whilst nationals cannot.
5520:
5106:
4761:
4525:
4420:
4286:
2934:
2848:
2631:
2587:
2016:
1674:
121:
4017:
Hosein Karimi, Negin Masoudi Alavi. Florence Nightingale: The Mother of Nursing. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2015 Jun;4(2).
2115:
6024:
4313:
3965:
Hosein Karimi, Negin Masoudi Alavi. Florence Nightingale: The Mother of Nursing. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2015 Jun;4(2)
1368:
555:
327:
Humanitarian aid spans a wide range of activities, including providing food aid, shelter, education, healthcare or
43:
698:
Academic research emphatically demonstrates that on average food aid promotes civil conflict. Namely, increase in
597:
the local socio-economic, cultural, historical, geographical and political conditions in the recipient countries.
5873:
5701:
5510:
5332:
3703:
3095:
1689:
McPeak J.G. (2003a) Analyzing and assessing localized degradation of the commons. Land Economics, 78(4): 515-536.
1320:
963:
463:
292:
284:
273:
109:
4438:
4354:
5757:
5597:
5470:
5327:
5216:
5167:
5094:
3058:
2666:
Enhancing Development Sustainability and Eliminating Food Aid Dependency: Lessons from the World Food Programme
995:
979:
937:
909:
749:
740:
609:
especially in countries where the ruling government has limited control outside of the capital. Accounts from
358:
6039:
5485:
5289:
4877:
1595:
983:
117:
3737:
2308:"How sex- and age-disaggregated data and gender and generational analyses can improve humanitarian response"
797:
regime, preventing relief to the population of Tigray in the 1980s, and the prevention of relief aid in the
362:
5950:
5878:
5624:
5505:
3280:
2898:"Report of the Monitoring Group on Somalia pursuant to Security Council resolution 1853 (2008) (S/2010/91)"
1018:
1006:
999:
706:
395:
141:
4037:
3819:
3071:"SEXUAL VIOLENCE AND EXPLOITATION: THE EXPERIENCE OF REFUGEE CHILDREN IN LIBERIA, GUINEA AND SIERRA LEONE"
5792:
5752:
5465:
5337:
4337:
1502:
1398:
1299:
1265:
4679:
4213:
1748:"Global Public-Private Health Partnerships: lessons learned from ten years of experience and evaluation"
5955:
5572:
5546:
5515:
4923:
4237:
Janku, Andrea (2001) "The North-China Famine of 1876–1879: Performance and Impact of a Non-Event." In:
2044:
2009:
Leaving no one behind : humanitarian effectiveness in the age of the sustainable development goals
605:
3305:
3205:
183:
zones and is often different than the staple crops grown in recipient countries, which usually have a
6014:
5924:
5893:
5495:
5391:
5312:
5160:
4971:
1562:
1540:
1421:
837:
risk legal implications, potentially being construed as support for terrorism or criminal complicity.
551:
4312:
Stoddard, Abby; Harmer, Adele; Haver, Katherine; Salomons, Dirk; Wheeler, Victoria (November 2007).
2991:
2525:
1729:
546:
during the lean season can foster increased purchase of agricultural inputs such as improved seeds,
5797:
5772:
5450:
3028:
Winning hearts and minds through development ? evidence from a field experiment in Afghanistan
2097:
1125:". It comprises nine core standards, which are complemented by detailed guidelines and indicators.
523:
will not result in a substantial disincentive in either domestic agriculture or domestic marketing.
4615:
295:. The need for aid is ever-increasing and has long outstripped the financial resources available.
5903:
5211:
4840:
1497:
1047:
366:
354:
328:
146:
108:(UN) is responsible for coordination responses to emergencies. It taps to the various members of
97:
81:
4660:"Protection work during armed conflict and other situations of violence: professional standards"
2420:
1622:
752:
have highlighted the need to tackle corruption with, but not limited to, the following methods:
369:. However, humanitarian diplomacy is also used by state actors as part of their foreign policy.
6019:
5883:
5711:
5460:
5089:
4882:
4855:
2986:
1512:
626:
539:
450:
54:
3977:
Joseph H. Choate. What Florence Nightingale Did for Mankind. Am J Nurs. 1911 Feb;11(5):346–57.
2873:
2708:
2447:
2292:
2059:
1702:
Fuelwood Gathering and Use in Northern Kenya: Implications for Food Aid and Local Environments
1649:
656:
The most well-known instances of aid being seized by local warlords in recent years come from
429:
to trace leads of missing people, infrastructure damages and rise new alerts for emergencies.
6029:
5888:
5845:
5767:
5685:
5445:
5252:
4976:
4907:
4902:
4754:
4381:"Localisation in the Context of UK Government Engagement With the Humanitarian Reform Agenda"
2307:
2287:
Aolain, Ni; D, Fionnuala (19 May 2010). "Women, Vulnerability and Humanitarian Emergencies".
1902:
1492:
1379:
describing "a biblical famine in the 20th Century" and "the closest thing to hell on Earth".
1302:. Retrospectively, authorities from across the administrative and colonial structures of the
1201:
1184:
1038:
An American soldier gives a young Pakistani girl a drink of water as they are airlifted from
913:
422:
387:
2465:
5614:
5381:
5052:
3882:"The Good Plumpuddings' Belief: British Voluntary Aid to Sweden During the Napoleonic Wars"
2726:
1487:
1155:
1034:
125:
69:, wars, and famines. The primary objective of humanitarian aid is to save lives, alleviate
57:
assistance, usually in the short-term, to people in need. Among the people in need are the
5480:
1195:
559:
production, creating a distortion due to substitution effects, rather than income effects.
8:
5898:
5562:
5246:
4254:
The great famine : [Report of the Committee of the China Famine Relief Fund]
1178:
438:
409:
and new platforms powered by advanced computing have already prompted the development of
348:
3842:
1162:
886:
Aid workers are people who are distributed internationally to do humanitarian aid work.
5455:
5263:
5077:
5062:
5027:
5006:
4981:
4958:
4860:
4794:
4770:
3862:
3410:
3123:
3049:
Need and greed: corruption risks, perceptions and prevention in humanitarian assistance
2777:
2696:
2576:
2556:
2506:
2435:
2237:
2079:
2034:
1883:
1834:
1780:
1754:. Live.Learn.Laugh. A Unique Global Public-Private Partnership to Improve Oral Health.
1747:
1717:
1637:
1233:
861:
709:
have become one of the most popular tools for delivering development aid. In 2012, the
671:
645:
4730:
3681:
319:
264:
5975:
5802:
5650:
5409:
5121:
4986:
4966:
4897:
4819:
4540:
4537:
Bureaucratizing the Good Samaritan: The Limitations of Humanitarian Relief Operations
4521:
4502:
4483:
4402:
4038:"The Fundamental Principles of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement"
3943:
3866:
3610:
3577:
3564:
3322:
3127:
3115:
3004:
2930:
2877:
2866:
2844:
2704:
2700:
2627:
2583:
2548:
2510:
2498:
2443:
2335:
2327:
2288:
2267:
2215:
2160:
2022:
2012:
1887:
1875:
1838:
1826:
1785:
1767:
1763:
1670:
1645:
1260:
991:
920:
The total number of humanitarian aid workers around the world has been calculated by
736:
618:
516:
406:
180:
35:
4499:
Managing Humanitarian Relief: An Operational Guide for NGOs. Rugby: Practical Action
4287:"In 1984 Eritrea was part of Ethiopia, where some of the song's proceeds were spent"
2781:
2439:
2398:
2241:
2083:
1641:
6034:
5807:
5660:
5141:
5136:
5126:
4850:
4747:
4473:
4392:
3933:
3893:
3854:
3107:
2996:
2769:
2688:
2540:
2488:
2480:
2427:
2319:
2227:
2071:
1934:"Humanitarian Medical Aid to Developing Nations: A Recipient Country's Perspective"
1912:
1865:
1853:
1816:
1775:
1759:
1629:
1218:
458:
184:
85:
recovery, rehabilitation, and capacity building. Humanitarian aid is distinct from
66:
5037:
4739:
4257:. Cornell University Library. Shanghai : American Presbyterian Mission Press.
3858:
3096:"Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by Intervention Forces in Central African Republic"
571:
as simple as determining the appropriate wage rate. Empirical evidence from rural
5850:
5665:
5655:
5206:
5131:
5072:
5057:
5032:
5011:
4560:
3898:
3881:
3843:"Rationales of Humanitarianism: The Case of British Relief to Germany, 1805–1815"
3786:"The Sphere Project | New online course on the Core Humanitarian Standard | News"
3558:
3212:
3055:
3023:
2924:
2838:
2692:
2648:
2621:
2604:
2264:
Digital Humanitarians: How Big Data is Changing the Face of Humanitarian Response
1664:
1307:
1279:
1189:
1094:
941:
902:
876:
531:
426:
86:
20:
5989:
3180:
1805:"Moral Entanglement and the Ethics of Closing Humanitarian Medical Aid Projects"
940:(PTSD). Adjustment to normal life again can be a problem, with feelings such as
5960:
5934:
5777:
5680:
5475:
5111:
3655:
3493:
1341:
1332:
1122:
1076:
1060:
975:
802:
692:
446:
410:
105:
90:
4421:"Humanitarian financing in the context of the Covid-19 (coronavirus) pandemic"
4252:
3560:
Necessary Risks: Professional Humanitarianism and Violence against Aid Workers
3181:"Almost two-thirds of aid workers have experienced racism, research indicates"
2232:
1821:
1804:
1445:
Attendees at the summit agreed a series of reforms on aid spending called the
1228:
1005:
The foremost collector of data on attacks against humanitarian workers is the
6008:
5042:
4406:
4397:
4380:
3463:
3155:"WHO employees took part in Congo sex abuse during Ebola crisis, report says"
3119:
3008:
2552:
2502:
2331:
2026:
1879:
1830:
1771:
1482:
1376:
1324:
834:
414:
235:
74:
4250:
1426:
5994:
5929:
5919:
5830:
5675:
5541:
5241:
5067:
5047:
4991:
4892:
4867:
4829:
4824:
3000:
2773:
2339:
1789:
1174:
1173:
The most well-known origin story of formalized humanitarian aid is that of
1100:
1056:
1039:
949:
722:
forces as a result of insurgent-initiated attacks increased significantly.
718:
688:
564:
492:
58:
4478:
3991:
Elizabeth Fee, Mary E. Garofalo. Florence Nightingale and the Crimean War.
3938:
3224:
3111:
1298:
Simultaneously in India, another campaign was launched in response to the
678:
Party membership cards before being given government food aid. In eastern
5645:
5490:
4814:
4722:
3486:
3375:"House committee calls UNRWA chief to testify on alleged Hamas aid theft"
2431:
1917:
1870:
1633:
1439:
1404:
1336:
1303:
1295:, the equivalent of $ 7–10 million if valued at 2012 silver prices.
971:
714:
683:
675:
504:
468:
442:
168:
3341:
3323:"Creating Hope in Conflict: A Humanitarian Grand Challenge | Basic Page"
2524:
Bezuneh, Mesfin; Deaton, Brady J.; Norton, George W. (1 February 1988).
1129:
officials from the United Nations, the EU, various NGOs and institutes.
491:
Some of the unintended effects of food aid include labor and production
4799:
4470:
Humanitarianism in the Modern World: The Moral Economy of Famine Relief
3930:
Humanitarianism in the Modern World: The Moral Economy of Famine Relief
2725:
Berman, Eli; Felter, Joe; Shapiro, Jacob; Troland, Erin (26 May 2013).
2560:
2323:
1386:
898:
872:
798:
710:
614:
547:
538:
Finally, recipients may sell food aid to purchase other necessities or
3630:
3131:
2493:
1434:
The first global summit on humanitarian diplomacy was held in 2016 in
857:
5670:
5640:
5619:
4647:
4179:
3366:
3262:"Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: Why it's hard getting aid into the region"
1251:
1167:
1142:
1043:
1017:
reports that highlight attacks during the month from news media, the
527:
520:
394:(OCHA) and informal volunteer and technological communities known as
231:
227:
70:
4579:
4005:
Understanding Uncertainty. Florence Nightingale and the Crimean War.
3761:"Core Humanitarian Standard: do NGOs need another set of standards?"
3349:"Navigating humanitarian action in counter-terrorism settings | MSF"
3261:
2822:, vol. 104, no. 6, 2014, pp. 1630–1666., doi:10.1257/aer.104.6.1630.
2544:
846:
145:
of OCHA, nearly 300 million people need humanitarian assistance and
5152:
5116:
5001:
4938:
4804:
4789:
3244:"U.S. aid chief to travel to Ethiopia in diplomatic push on Tigray"
2484:
2399:
Ralyea, B.; Food Aid Management Monetization Working Group (1999).
2075:
1435:
1382:
1287:
1283:
806:
667:
577:
572:
481:
402:
279:
3915:
Charity and the Great Hunger in Ireland: The Kindness of Strangers
4943:
4809:
4623:
4439:"Global Annual Results Report 2020: Humanitarian Action | UNICEF"
1932:
Jammihal, Ravindra; Ralte, Harry; Roy, Nobhojit (February 2009).
1256:
868:
759:
Continue to invest in audit capacity, beyond simple paper trails;
657:
622:
610:
418:
223:
211:
199:
62:
4928:
4269:"How a Report on Ethiopia's 'Biblical Famine' Changed the World"
2818:
Nunn, Nathan, and Nancy Qian. "US Food Aid and Civil Conflict".
2795:
Qian, Nancy (18 August 2014). "Making Progress on Foreign Aid".
1081:
Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response,
5386:
4603:
3281:"The impact of humanitarian aid on conflict development - ICRC"
2606:
Feeding dependency, starving democracy: USAID policies in Haiti
1286:
in the summer of 1876 and appealed to the foreign community in
905:
880:
865:
850:
699:
663:
649:
638:
195:
31:
4668:"The Center for Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance Medicine"
4618:. International Committee of the Red Cross. 20 September 2004.
936:
The most prevalent issue faced by humanitarian aid workers is
5602:
5567:
5500:
4948:
4933:
4321:
2191:
1854:"The trouble with inequalities in global health partnerships"
1359:
1292:
921:
679:
543:
526:
Second, households receiving aid may decrease demand for the
207:
203:
191:
4703:
4687:
4568:"Active Learning Network for Accountability and Performance"
3206:
Rule 55. Access for Humanitarian Relief to Civilians in Need
2620:
Lappé, Frances Moore; Collins, Joseph; Fowler, Cary (1979).
1438:, Turkey. An initiative of United Nations Secretary-General
5731:
5281:
4784:
4311:
1371:
caused upwards of 1 million deaths and was documented by a
1352:
1255:
A contemporary print showing the distribution of relief in
794:
729:
634:
39:
4662:. International Committee of the Red Cross. December 2009.
4616:"The Code of Conduct: humanitarian principles in practice"
4468:
Götz, Norbert; Brewis, Georgina; Werther, Steffen (2020).
3928:
Götz, Norbert; Brewis, Georgina; Werther, Steffen (2020).
3464:"Health – The university course giving aid to aid workers"
3456:
2724:
1532:
306:
4591:
3528:
research suggests mental health crisis among aid workers"
2401:
P.L. 480 Title II Cooperating Sponsor Monetization Manual
2141:
1663:
Barrett, Christopher Brendan; Maxwell, Daniel G. (2005).
1596:"Global Humanitarian Overview 2024 | Humanitarian Action"
1372:
1356:
674:
documented examples of residents being forced to display
496:
454:
441:, gender differences exist. Women have limited access to
4567:
1115:
Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability
1101:
Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability
1065:
Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability
1011:
Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED)
310:
Truck for delivery of aid from Western to Eastern Europe
4667:
4563:: 2,505 organizations active in the humanitarian sector
3021:
2840:
The Crisis Caravan: What's Wrong with Humanitarian Aid?
2602:
2306:
Mazurana, Dyan; Benelli, Prisca; Walker, Peter (2013).
2139:
1982:"United Nations Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF)"
1327:
of the Russian Civil War that followed. In the nascent
486:
167:
The welfare impacts of any food aid-induced changes in
80:
While often used interchangeably, humanitarian aid and
4635:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2603:
Richardson, Laurie; International, Grassroots (1997).
2142:"RMRP 2022 – FOR REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS FROM VENEZUELA"
1282:
first called international attention to the famine in
1105:
777:
Sexual exploitation and abuse in humanitarian response
4518:
The Humanitarian Enterprise: Dilemmas and Discoveries
4251:
China Famine Relief Fund. Shanghai Committee (1879).
3225:"Ethiopia : a country study | WorldCat.org"
2926:
Aiding Violence: The Development Enterprise in Rwanda
2305:
2216:"Humanitarian Technology: A Critical Research Agenda"
812:
3704:"HAP and People In Aid merge to become CHS Alliance"
3153:
Farge, Emma; Holland, Hereward (29 September 2021).
1090:
The distinction between combatant and non-combatants
217:
100:. In reaching out to international communities, the
16:
Material or logistical assistance for people in need
4769:
4335:
3631:"About the data | The Aid Worker Security Database"
2976:
2741:
2523:
2375:"Humanitarian Response Plan | HumanitarianResponse"
392:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
289:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
102:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
5269:International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission
2865:
2619:
2578:Against the grain: the dilemma of project food aid
2575:
1954:
1335:allowed his personal friend and acclaimed thinker
625:forces to pass their roadblocks in order to reach
4467:
3927:
3494:"Health – Aid workers lack psychological support"
323:World Food Programme distributing food in Liberia
150:climate-related disasters, and economic factors.
6006:
5971:United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic
4727:"A Bed for the Night: Humanitarianism in Crisis"
4715:
2868:Empire of Humanity: A History of Humanitarianism
2266:. E-Book: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group.
1931:
770:
583:
2421:Food Aid's Intended and Unintended Consequences
2116:"Humanitarian Diplomacy: A New Research Agenda"
1623:Food Aid's Intended and Unintended Consequences
600:
301:
174:
96:Humanitarian aid can come from either local or
4336:Rousseau, Elise; Sommo Pende, Achille (2020).
1666:Food Aid After Fifty Years: Recasting Its Role
1662:
432:
230:around distribution points, causing localized
5168:
4755:
4636:"EM-DAT: The International Disaster Database"
4515:
4013:
4011:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3973:
3971:
3961:
3959:
2354:"The Gender Handbook for Humanitarian Action"
2178:
2176:
515:of food aid can flood the market, increasing
381:
190:Massive shipments of wheat and rice into the
19:"Succour" redirects here. For the album, see
5966:Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Weeks
4561:The Humanitarian Organisations Dataset (HOD)
4534:
4501:. Practical Action/Intermediate Technology.
4204:
3353:Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) International
3306:"THE EUROPEAN CONSENSUS ON HUMANITARIAN AID"
3152:
2466:"Does Food Aid Stabilize Food Availability?"
2207:
2058:Henderson, J. Vernon; Lee, Yong Suk (2015).
2057:
1415:
1329:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
4496:
4378:
3094:Mwanyika, Elijah Mwasi (25 February 2021).
2843:. Henry Holt and Company. pp. 96–104.
2678:
2573:
2165:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1746:Buse, Kent; Tanaka, Sonja (1 August 2011).
1741:
1739:
707:Community-driven development (CDD) programs
372:
241:
135:Humanitarian aid being distributed in Haiti
5578:Yemen Relief and Reconstruction Foundation
5175:
5161:
4997:Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis
4762:
4748:
4008:
3994:
3980:
3968:
3956:
3241:
2533:American Journal of Agricultural Economics
2173:
2039:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1803:Hunt, Matthew; Miao, Jingru (April 2017).
1745:
1508:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
1113:Another humanitarian standard used is the
503:Food aid can drive down local or national
4477:
4472:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4396:
3937:
3932:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3897:
3682:"Insecurity Insight » Aid in Danger"
3400:"State of the Humanitarian System report"
3327:U.S. Agency for International Development
2990:
2720:
2718:
2663:
2492:
2231:
2109:
2107:
1916:
1900:
1869:
1820:
1779:
756:Resist the pressure to spend aid rapidly.
4592:"CE-DAT: The Complex Emergency Database"
4184:International Committee of the Red Cross
3556:
3093:
2752:
2650:Politics of food aid: case of Bangladesh
2473:Economic Development and Cultural Change
2464:Barrett, Christopher B. (January 2001).
2419:Barrett, Christopher B. (1 March 2006).
2064:Economic Development and Cultural Change
1802:
1736:
1621:Barrett, Christopher B. (1 March 2006).
1425:
1351:
1250:
1227:
1215:International Committee of the Red Cross
1194:
1161:
1141:
1104:
1033:
893:
856:
845:
730:Waste and corruption in humanitarian aid
648:only allowed aid to enter the region of
318:
305:
263:
130:
25:
4580:"APCN (Africa Partner Country Network)"
4379:Goodwin, Ellen; Ager, Alastair (2021).
4241:. Heidelberg, 3–4 November, pp. 127–134
3912:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3037:
2863:
2623:Food First: Beyond the Myth of Scarcity
2463:
2418:
2286:
2213:
2135:
2133:
2060:"Organization of Disaster Aid Delivery"
1620:
1385:, a 1985 fund-raising effort headed by
1188:, became a foundational text to modern
1119:Humanitarian Accountability Partnership
927:
6007:
4721:
4352:
3758:
3615:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3474:from the original on 25 September 2015
3428:"The State of the Humanitarian System"
3278:
2836:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2715:
2104:
1997:
1995:
1908:Cambridge Encyclopedia of Anthropology
1851:
1698:
1109:Logo of the Core Humanitarian Standard
744:and effective accountability systems.
475:
342:
314:
206:. During the 2000 drought in northern
5156:
4851:Charitable trust / Registered charity
4743:
4520:. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press.
3504:from the original on 26 December 2002
3285:International Review of the Red Cross
3178:
3100:African Journal of Empirical Research
3083:from the original on 8 November 2021.
2972:
2970:
2958:
2872:. Cornell University Press. pp.
2646:
2574:Jackson, Tony; Eade, Deborah (1982).
2459:
2457:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2261:
2220:International Review of the Red Cross
2113:
1314:
901:citizens offload food rations from a
853:humanitarian aid, ready for deploying
5608:The State of the Humanitarian System
5182:
4888:Public-benefit nonprofit corporation
4873:Mutual-benefit nonprofit corporation
3879:
3840:
3198:
3034:
2922:
2794:
2130:
1590:
1588:
1454:Localisation (humanitarian practice)
1246:
1154:In 1854, when the Crimean War began
788:
695:, or aid is "taxed" by such groups.
550:and hired labor, thereby increasing
487:Economic distortions due to food aid
114:United Nations Development Programme
89:, which seeks to address underlying
4680:"The ODI Humanitarian Policy Group"
4604:"Centre for Safety and Development"
3372:
3242:Psaledakis, Daphne (30 July 2021).
3026:; Enikolopov, Ruben (1 July 2012).
2837:Polman, Linda (14 September 2010).
2825:
2807:
1992:
1948:
1362:airdropping food during 1985 famine
1000:Aid Worker Security Database (AWSD)
453:, such as rape and domestic abuse.
13:
5858:The State of the World's Cash 2020
5783:Central African Republic Civil War
4461:
4355:"Is the Grand Bargain a Big Deal?"
4207:"Pictures to Draw Tears from Iron"
3847:Journal of Modern European History
3759:Purvis, Katherine (11 June 2015).
3730:"Frequently Asked Questions – CHS"
3538:from the original on 28 April 2017
3409:. 2010. p. 18. Archived from
2967:
2753:Nunn, Nathan; Qian, Nancy (2014).
2454:
2407:
2214:Sandvik, Kristin (December 2014).
1955:Hendrik Slusarenka (20 May 2018).
1901:Khalikova, Venera (17 June 2021).
1614:
1573:from the original on 19 March 2018
1543:from the original on 19 March 2018
827:Humanitarian aid in conflict zones
820:Humanitarian aid in conflict zones
813:Humanitarian aid in conflict zones
259:
14:
6051:
5521:Koyamada International Foundation
5107:Master of Nonprofit Organizations
4554:
4293:from the original on 22 June 2011
2864:Barnett, Michael (3 March 2011).
2737:from the original on 23 May 2017.
2727:"Effective aid in conflict zones"
2668:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University.
2526:"Food Aid Impacts in Rural Kenya"
1938:Prehospital and Disaster Medicine
1809:Prehospital and Disaster Medicine
1585:
1199:Cover of the original edition of
1070:
554:.Labor distortion can arise when
530:received or for locally produced
218:Natural resource overexploitation
38:during an emergency situation in
5988:
4431:
4413:
4372:
4346:
4329:
4305:
4279:
4261:
4244:
4231:
4198:
4172:
4162:
4152:
4035:
2755:"US Food Aid and Civil Conflict"
1961:D+C, development and cooperation
1764:10.1111/j.1875-595X.2011.00034.x
962:This section is an excerpt from
818:This section is an excerpt from
44:Democratic Republic of the Congo
5874:Attacks on humanitarian workers
5333:Inter-Agency Standing Committee
4771:Charitable giving and practices
4142:
4132:
4122:
4112:
4102:
4093:
4083:
4073:
4063:
4054:
4029:
4020:
3921:
3906:
3873:
3834:
3804:
3778:
3752:
3722:
3696:
3674:
3648:
3623:
3550:
3516:
3420:
3392:
3315:
3298:
3279:Perrin, Pierre (30 June 1998).
3272:
3254:
3235:
3217:
3172:
3146:
3087:
3063:
3015:
2952:
2943:
2916:
2902:United Nations Security Council
2890:
2857:
2788:
2672:
2657:
2640:
2613:
2596:
2567:
2517:
2392:
2367:
2346:
2299:
2280:
2255:
2090:
2051:
2001:
1974:
1925:
1894:
1845:
964:Attacks on humanitarian workers
875:who successfully developed the
717:' flagship development program
606:International aid organizations
464:Inter-Agency Standing Committee
417:) and social media messages in
293:United Nations General Assembly
285:Central Emergency Response Fund
274:Central Emergency Response Fund
110:Inter-Agency Standing Committee
5889:Health Care In Danger Campaign
5788:Western African Ebola outbreak
5471:International Rescue Committee
5328:Humanitarian-Development Nexus
5217:International humanitarian law
5095:List of charitable foundations
4385:Frontiers in Political Science
3059:Overseas Development Institute
2929:. Kumarian Press. p. 90.
2681:Journal of Development Studies
2098:"Humanitarianism: An Overview"
1852:Fourie, Carina (15 May 2018).
1796:
1692:
1683:
1656:
1555:
1525:
1219:International Humanitarian Law
1087:The right to life with dignity
996:international humanitarian law
938:post-traumatic stress disorder
910:11th Marine Expeditionary Unit
889:
841:
750:Overseas Development Institute
741:Non-governmental organizations
250:
122:United Nations Children's Fund
1:
5836:Sexual exploitation and abuse
5712:German Federal Foreign Office
5290:History of the United Nations
4878:Non-governmental organization
4716:Critiques of humanitarian aid
4314:"Cluster Approach Evaluation"
3859:10.17104/1611-8944_2014_2_186
3812:"Statements of support – CHS"
3373:Rod, Marc (19 January 2024).
2379:www.humanitarianresponse.info
1957:"Aid in itself is not enough"
1518:
1121:(HAP), People in Aid and the
771:Abuse of power by aid workers
584:Increasing existing conflicts
118:United Nations Refugee Agency
5951:2015 European migrant crisis
5879:Aid Worker Security Database
5753:Great Indian Famine of 1870s
5625:Global Humanitarian Overview
3899:10.1080/07075332.2014.918559
3886:International History Review
3816:corehumanitarianstandard.org
3734:corehumanitarianstandard.org
3250:– via www.reuters.com.
2959:Susan, Wong (1 March 2012).
2693:10.1080/00220380412331333189
2647:Molla, Md Gyasuddin (1990).
1858:Medicine Anthropology Theory
1752:International Dental Journal
1699:McPeak, John G. (May 2003).
1403:A 2004 reform initiative by
1029:
1007:Aid Worker Security Database
809:was again widely condemned.
601:Increasing conflict duration
556:Food-For-Work (FFW) Programs
302:Delivery of humanitarian aid
175:Changed consumption patterns
142:Global Humanitarian Overview
7:
5466:International Medical Corps
5338:Humanitarian Cluster System
4539:. Boulder: Westview Press.
4353:Parker, Ben (24 May 2016).
4205:Edgerton-Tarpley, Kathryn.
3913:Kinealy, Christine (2013).
2609:. Grassroots International.
1503:Humanitarian Response Index
1476:
1399:Humanitarian Cluster System
1321:Russian famine of 1921–1922
1266:The Illustrated London News
947:A 2015 survey conducted by
433:Gender and humanitarian aid
202:– to western crops such as
158:
10:
6056:
5956:Detention Centres in Libya
5841:Core Humanitarian Standard
5573:Network for Refugee Voices
5547:Global Refugee-Led Network
5048:Charity / thrift / op shop
4924:Charity (Christian virtue)
2797:Annual Review of Economics
2184:"UNHCR Global Report 2020"
2114:Lauri, Antonio De (2018).
1563:"Deliver Humanitarian Aid"
1451:
1419:
1396:
1369:1983–85 famine in Ethiopia
1137:
1132:
961:
956:
817:
774:
479:
449:, and are more exposed to
382:Use of technology and data
346:
271:
18:
5984:
5943:
5925:International development
5912:
5894:Kunduz hospital airstrike
5866:
5821:
5740:
5694:
5633:
5590:
5555:
5529:
5496:Norwegian Refugee Council
5438:
5400:
5359:
5350:
5313:World Humanitarian Summit
5303:
5279:
5232:
5225:
5190:
5020:
4972:Animal Charity Evaluators
4957:
4916:
4838:
4777:
3211:15 September 2021 at the
2426:(Report). Rochester, NY.
2233:10.1017/S1816383114000344
1822:10.1017/S1049023X17001376
1628:(Report). Rochester, NY.
1422:World Humanitarian Summit
1416:World Humanitarian Summit
619:UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR)
552:agricultural productivity
98:international communities
5798:South Sudanese Civil War
5773:2011 East Africa drought
5486:Médecins Sans Frontières
5451:Catholic Relief Services
4398:10.3389/fpos.2021.687063
3030:(Report). pp. 1–33.
2979:American Economic Review
2963:(Report). pp. 1–93.
2820:American Economic Review
2762:American Economic Review
2664:Salisbury, L.N. (1992).
1467:
1410:
1392:
1347:
988:Red Cross / Red Crescent
507:in at least three ways.
373:United Nations' response
242:Medical humanitarian aid
153:
6025:Government aid programs
5904:Dolo hospital airstrike
5748:Chinese Famine of 1870s
5295:1951 Refugee Convention
5212:Humanitarian principles
4425:Development initiatives
3557:Stoddard, Abby (2020).
2262:Meier, Patrick (2015).
1600:humanitarianaction.info
1498:Humanitarian protection
1300:Great Famine of 1876–78
1179:the Battle of Solferino
1048:2005 Kashmir earthquake
367:humanitarian principles
82:humanitarian assistance
34:worker is distributing
5884:World Humanitarian Day
5758:Ethiopian famine 1980s
5591:Analysis and reporting
5461:Danish Refugee Council
5439:International agencies
5090:Ethics of philanthropy
5083:Psychological barriers
4883:Nonprofit organization
4652:thenewhumanitarian.org
4648:"The New Humanitarian"
4624:"Doctors of the World"
4516:Minear, Larry (2002).
4339:Humanitarian diplomacy
3880:Götz, Norbert (2014).
3841:Götz, Norbert (2014).
3563:. Palgrave Macmillan.
3437:. 2010. Archived from
3001:10.1257/aer.104.6.1833
2774:10.1257/aer.104.6.1630
2653:. Academic Publishers.
1513:World Humanitarian Day
1431:
1367:around the world. The
1363:
1270:
1236:
1206:
1170:
1147:
1110:
1051:
990:are among the list of
917:
883:
854:
324:
311:
287:). The United Nations
269:
136:
47:
5846:Sphere (organization)
5768:2010 Haiti earthquake
5686:Rachel Kiddell-Monroe
5446:Action Against Hunger
5420:The Federation (IFRC)
5253:A Memory of Solferino
4908:Voluntary association
4903:Religious corporation
4535:Waters, Tony (2001).
4479:10.1017/9781108655903
4342:. Palgrave Macmillan.
3939:10.1017/9781108655903
3917:. London: Bloomsbury.
3635:aidworkersecurity.org
3185:www.thirdsector.co.uk
3112:10.51867/ajer.v2i1.14
2043:) CS1 maint: others (
1493:Humanitarian corridor
1429:
1355:
1254:
1231:
1210:A Memory of Solferino
1202:A Memory of Solferino
1198:
1185:A Memory of Solferino
1165:
1145:
1108:
1037:
914:Tropical Cyclone Sidr
897:
860:
849:
451:Gender based violence
423:2010 Haiti Earthquake
421:were used during the
396:digital humanitarians
388:2010 Haiti Earthquake
322:
309:
267:
134:
29:
6040:Emergency management
5615:The New Humanitarian
5053:Click-to-donate site
4917:Charity and religion
4497:James, Eric (2008).
4359:The New Humanitarian
3416:on 14 December 2010.
3179:Delahunty, Stephen.
3054:26 June 2015 at the
3047:Sarah Bailey (2008)
2923:Uvin, Peter (1998).
2626:. Ballantine Books.
2432:10.2139/ssrn.1142286
1918:10.29164/21medplural
1871:10.17157/mat.5.2.525
1669:. Psychology Press.
1634:10.2139/ssrn.1142286
1488:Emergency management
1156:Florence Nightingale
928:Psychological issues
801:of 2020–2021 by the
565:disincentive effects
482:Aid § Criticism
126:World Food Programme
5899:Airstrikes on Yemen
5247:Battle of Solferino
4725:; Myers, Joanne J.
4628:medecinsdumonde.org
4608:centreforsafety.org
3597:on 10 November 2013
3204:ICRC IHL dababase:
3134:on 19 November 2021
1903:"Medical pluralism"
1569:. 7 December 2014.
476:Problematic aspects
439:humanitarian crisis
401:The recent rise in
349:Humanitarian access
343:Humanitarian access
315:Methods of delivery
5695:Donors and funding
5430:Protective Emblems
5425:National Societies
5402:Red Cross Movement
5264:Geneva Conventions
5259:Red Cross Movement
5233:1850s, Creation of
5078:Effective altruism
5063:Donor-advised fund
5028:Alternative giving
5007:Giving What We Can
4982:Charity assessment
4959:Charity evaluation
4795:Charity (practice)
4690:on 8 February 2006
4275:. 23 October 2014.
3684:. 15 December 2018
3444:on 2 February 2021
3329:. 10 December 2022
2324:10.1111/disa.12013
1432:
1364:
1315:Early 20th century
1271:
1237:
1234:Geneva Conventions
1207:
1171:
1148:
1111:
1052:
918:
884:
855:
672:Human Rights Watch
405:, high-resolution
325:
312:
270:
192:West African Sahel
137:
48:
6002:
6001:
5976:Aid effectiveness
5867:Aid worker safety
5803:Rohingya genocide
5741:Major emergencies
5651:Christos Christou
5586:
5585:
5511:Save the Children
5481:Médecins du Monde
5410:Seville Agreement
5346:
5345:
5200:in conflict zones
5150:
5149:
5122:Visiting the sick
4987:Charity Navigator
4967:Aid effectiveness
4898:Social enterprise
4820:Humanity (virtue)
4733:on 30 March 2007.
4546:978-0-813-36790-3
4508:978-1-853-39669-4
4489:978-1-108-65590-3
3949:978-1-108-65590-3
3790:sphereproject.org
3570:978-3-030-26410-9
2273:978-1-4987-2652-8
1758:(Suppl 2): 2–10.
1602:. 8 December 2023
1459:COVID-19 Pandemic
1261:Madras Presidency
1247:Late 19th century
1093:The principle of
992:protected persons
789:Contrary practice
737:Hurricane Katrina
682:, leaders of the
459:natural disasters
445:, are at risk of
407:satellite imagery
278:Aid is funded by
181:temperate climate
139:According to the
124:(UNICEF) and the
67:natural disasters
65:, and victims of
36:high-calorie food
6047:
6015:Humanitarian aid
5995:World portal
5993:
5992:
5944:Related articles
5813:Yemeni Civil War
5808:Syrian civil war
5661:Martin Griffiths
5357:
5356:
5230:
5229:
5195:Humanitarian aid
5184:Humanitarian aid
5177:
5170:
5163:
5154:
5153:
5142:Warm-glow giving
5137:Wall of kindness
5127:Voluntary sector
4764:
4757:
4750:
4741:
4740:
4734:
4729:. Archived from
4711:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4686:. Archived from
4675:
4663:
4655:
4643:
4631:
4619:
4611:
4599:
4587:
4575:
4550:
4531:
4512:
4493:
4481:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4400:
4376:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4333:
4327:
4326:
4318:
4309:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4248:
4242:
4235:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4218:
4212:. Archived from
4211:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4176:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4126:
4120:
4116:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4097:
4091:
4087:
4081:
4077:
4071:
4067:
4061:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4042:
4033:
4027:
4024:
4018:
4015:
4006:
4003:
3992:
3989:
3978:
3975:
3966:
3963:
3954:
3953:
3941:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3822:on 2 August 2021
3818:. Archived from
3808:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3740:on 2 August 2021
3736:. Archived from
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3614:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3596:
3590:. Archived from
3589:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3443:
3432:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3404:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3229:www.worldcat.org
3221:
3215:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3130:. Archived from
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3075:
3067:
3061:
3045:
3032:
3031:
3024:Christia, Fotini
3019:
3013:
3012:
2994:
2985:(6): 1833–1856.
2974:
2965:
2964:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2871:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2834:
2823:
2816:
2805:
2804:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2768:(6): 1630–1666.
2759:
2750:
2739:
2738:
2722:
2713:
2712:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2581:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2530:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2496:
2470:
2461:
2452:
2451:
2425:
2416:
2405:
2404:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2358:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2235:
2226:(893): 219–242.
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2188:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2164:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2137:
2128:
2127:
2111:
2102:
2101:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2038:
2030:
2005:
1999:
1990:
1989:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1873:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1824:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1783:
1743:
1734:
1733:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1627:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1592:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1529:
1375:news crew, with
1166:Henry Dunant at
933:of aid workers.
437:Even prior to a
357:of humanitarian
185:tropical climate
53:is material and
51:Humanitarian aid
6055:
6054:
6050:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6044:
6005:
6004:
6003:
5998:
5987:
5980:
5939:
5908:
5862:
5851:Sphere Handbook
5823:
5817:
5736:
5690:
5666:Jemilah Mahmood
5656:Winnie Byanyima
5629:
5582:
5551:
5525:
5434:
5396:
5352:
5342:
5306:reform attempts
5305:
5299:
5275:
5234:
5221:
5207:Humanitarianism
5186:
5181:
5151:
5146:
5132:Volunteer grant
5073:Earning to give
5033:Benefit concert
5016:
5012:GreatNonprofits
4953:
4912:
4842:
4834:
4773:
4768:
4718:
4702:
4693:
4691:
4678:
4666:
4658:
4646:
4634:
4622:
4614:
4602:
4590:
4578:
4566:
4557:
4547:
4528:
4509:
4490:
4464:
4462:Further reading
4459:
4458:
4448:
4446:
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4436:
4432:
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4414:
4377:
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4363:
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4285:
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4167:
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4117:
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4107:
4103:
4098:
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4016:
4009:
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3990:
3981:
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3911:
3907:
3878:
3874:
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3783:
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3728:
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3697:
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3654:
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3649:
3639:
3637:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3608:
3607:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3587:
3585:"Archived copy"
3583:
3582:
3578:
3571:
3555:
3551:
3541:
3539:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3507:
3505:
3492:
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3487:
3477:
3475:
3462:
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3457:
3447:
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3430:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3413:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3381:
3371:
3367:
3357:
3355:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3332:
3330:
3321:
3320:
3316:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3289:
3287:
3277:
3273:
3268:. 23 July 2021.
3260:
3259:
3255:
3240:
3236:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3213:Wayback Machine
3203:
3199:
3189:
3187:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3151:
3147:
3137:
3135:
3092:
3088:
3080:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3056:Wayback Machine
3046:
3035:
3022:Beath, Andrew;
3020:
3016:
2992:10.1.1.269.7048
2975:
2968:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2937:
2921:
2917:
2907:
2905:
2904:. 10 March 2010
2896:
2895:
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2884:
2862:
2858:
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2677:
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2658:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2618:
2614:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2572:
2568:
2545:10.2307/1241988
2528:
2522:
2518:
2468:
2462:
2455:
2423:
2417:
2408:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2318:(s1): S68–S82.
2304:
2300:
2285:
2281:
2274:
2260:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2174:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2148:
2138:
2131:
2112:
2105:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2056:
2052:
2032:
2031:
2019:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1993:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1953:
1949:
1930:
1926:
1899:
1895:
1850:
1846:
1815:(S1): S47–S48.
1801:
1797:
1744:
1737:
1725:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1705:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1661:
1657:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1594:
1593:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1479:
1470:
1456:
1424:
1418:
1413:
1401:
1395:
1350:
1317:
1308:princely states
1291:204,000 silver
1280:Timothy Richard
1249:
1190:humanitarianism
1140:
1135:
1103:
1095:non-refoulement
1073:
1032:
1027:
1026:
978:organisations,
967:
959:
930:
892:
877:Buluba Hospital
844:
839:
838:
823:
815:
791:
779:
773:
739:relief effort.
732:
646:Odumegwu Ojukwu
603:
586:
489:
484:
478:
435:
427:Hurricane Sandy
384:
375:
351:
345:
317:
304:
276:
262:
260:Funding sources
253:
244:
220:
210:, the price of
177:
161:
156:
87:development aid
73:, and maintain
24:
21:Succour (album)
17:
12:
11:
5:
6053:
6043:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6000:
5999:
5985:
5982:
5981:
5979:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5961:Crisis mapping
5958:
5953:
5947:
5945:
5941:
5940:
5938:
5937:
5935:Neocolonialism
5932:
5927:
5922:
5916:
5914:
5913:Related fields
5910:
5909:
5907:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5870:
5868:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5860:
5855:
5854:
5853:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5827:
5825:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5778:Typhoon Haiyan
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5744:
5742:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5698:
5696:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5688:
5683:
5681:James Orbinski
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5637:
5635:
5634:Notable people
5631:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5600:
5594:
5592:
5588:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5559:
5557:
5556:Local agencies
5553:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5533:
5531:
5527:
5526:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5506:Guardian Girls
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5476:Islamic Relief
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5442:
5440:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5427:
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5412:
5406:
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5309:
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5297:
5292:
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5284:
5277:
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5271:
5261:
5256:
5249:
5244:
5238:
5236:
5227:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5203:
5202:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5180:
5179:
5172:
5165:
5157:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5112:Matching funds
5109:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5092:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5024:
5022:
5021:Further topics
5018:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4963:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4920:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4853:
4847:
4845:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4781:
4779:
4775:
4774:
4767:
4766:
4759:
4752:
4744:
4736:
4735:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4704:"UN ReliefWeb"
4700:
4676:
4664:
4656:
4644:
4632:
4620:
4612:
4600:
4588:
4576:
4564:
4556:
4555:External links
4553:
4552:
4551:
4545:
4532:
4526:
4513:
4507:
4494:
4488:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4443:www.unicef.org
4430:
4412:
4371:
4345:
4328:
4304:
4278:
4260:
4243:
4230:
4219:on 18 May 2016
4197:
4186:. 28 July 2014
4171:
4161:
4151:
4141:
4131:
4121:
4111:
4101:
4092:
4082:
4072:
4062:
4053:
4028:
4019:
4007:
3993:
3979:
3967:
3955:
3948:
3920:
3905:
3892:(3): 519–539.
3872:
3853:(2): 186–199.
3833:
3803:
3777:
3751:
3721:
3710:. 15 June 2015
3695:
3673:
3662:. 13 June 2019
3647:
3622:
3576:
3569:
3549:
3515:
3485:
3455:
3419:
3391:
3379:Jewish Insider
3365:
3340:
3314:
3297:
3271:
3253:
3234:
3216:
3197:
3171:
3145:
3086:
3062:
3033:
3014:
2966:
2951:
2942:
2935:
2915:
2889:
2883:978-0801461095
2882:
2856:
2849:
2824:
2806:
2787:
2740:
2714:
2687:(5): 152–180.
2671:
2656:
2639:
2632:
2612:
2595:
2588:
2566:
2539:(1): 181–191.
2516:
2485:10.1086/452505
2479:(2): 335–349.
2453:
2406:
2391:
2366:
2345:
2298:
2279:
2272:
2254:
2206:
2172:
2129:
2103:
2089:
2076:10.1086/681277
2070:(4): 617–664.
2050:
2017:
2000:
1991:
1973:
1947:
1924:
1893:
1844:
1795:
1735:
1691:
1682:
1675:
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1613:
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1554:
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1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
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1485:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1452:Main article:
1420:Main article:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1397:Main article:
1394:
1391:
1349:
1346:
1342:Herbert Hoover
1333:Vladimir Lenin
1316:
1313:
1248:
1245:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1123:Sphere Project
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1077:Sphere Project
1072:
1071:Sphere Project
1069:
1061:Sphere Project
1046:following the
1031:
1028:
976:United Nations
968:
960:
958:
955:
929:
926:
908:helicopter of
891:
888:
843:
840:
835:conflict zones
824:
816:
814:
811:
803:Abiy Ahmed Ali
790:
787:
775:Main article:
772:
769:
768:
767:
763:
760:
757:
731:
728:
693:militia groups
602:
599:
585:
582:
561:
560:
536:
524:
488:
485:
477:
474:
447:child marriage
434:
431:
411:crisis mapping
383:
380:
374:
371:
347:Main article:
344:
341:
316:
313:
303:
300:
272:Main article:
268:United Nations
261:
258:
252:
249:
243:
240:
219:
216:
176:
173:
160:
157:
155:
152:
106:United Nations
104:(OCHA) of the
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6052:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6020:Civil affairs
6018:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6010:
5997:
5996:
5991:
5983:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
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5897:
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5885:
5882:
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5865:
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5842:
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5809:
5806:
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5799:
5796:
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5791:
5789:
5786:
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5781:
5779:
5776:
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5771:
5769:
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5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
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5499:
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5464:
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5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5358:
5355:
5353:organizations
5349:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5318:Grand Bargain
5316:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5302:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5278:
5270:
5267:
5266:
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5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5235:the Red Cross
5231:
5228:
5224:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5196:
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5178:
5173:
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5166:
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5159:
5158:
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5143:
5140:
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5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
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5110:
5108:
5105:
5101:
5098:
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5093:
5091:
5088:
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5080:
5079:
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5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5043:Charity fraud
5041:
5039:
5038:Caffè sospeso
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5019:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
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4909:
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4889:
4886:
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4881:
4879:
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4869:
4866:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4848:
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4844:
4843:organizations
4837:
4831:
4828:
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4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
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973:
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75:human dignity
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5920:Human Rights
5831:CHS Alliance
5824:power, abuse
5763:2004 tsunami
5676:Peter Maurer
5537:NEAR Network
5516:World Vision
5351:Humanitarian
5323:Localisation
5304:21st-century
5251:
5242:Henry Dunant
5194:
5183:
5068:Donor intent
4992:CharityWatch
4893:Service club
4868:Crowdfunding
4830:Volunteering
4825:Philanthropy
4737:
4731:the original
4723:Rieff, David
4707:
4692:. Retrieved
4688:the original
4683:
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4358:
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4281:
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4214:the original
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4183:
4180:"Who we are"
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4044:. Retrieved
4036:Haug, Hans.
4031:
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3824:. Retrieved
3820:the original
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3806:
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3768:. Retrieved
3765:The Guardian
3764:
3754:
3742:. Retrieved
3738:the original
3733:
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3664:. Retrieved
3659:
3650:
3638:. Retrieved
3634:
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3599:. Retrieved
3592:the original
3579:
3559:
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3540:. Retrieved
3532:The Guardian
3531:
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3506:. Retrieved
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3467:
3458:
3448:28 September
3446:. Retrieved
3439:the original
3434:
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3411:the original
3406:
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3382:. Retrieved
3378:
3368:
3356:. Retrieved
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3331:. Retrieved
3326:
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3288:. Retrieved
3284:
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3184:
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3158:
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3136:. Retrieved
3132:the original
3106:(1): 63–78.
3103:
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3017:
2982:
2978:
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2945:
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2918:
2906:. Retrieved
2901:
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2382:. Retrieved
2378:
2369:
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2257:
2245:. Retrieved
2223:
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2190:
2149:. Retrieved
2145:
2123:
2119:
2092:
2067:
2063:
2053:
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2003:
1985:
1976:
1964:. Retrieved
1960:
1950:
1941:
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1906:
1896:
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1857:
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1812:
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1706:. Retrieved
1701:
1694:
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1604:. Retrieved
1599:
1575:. Retrieved
1566:
1557:
1545:. Retrieved
1536:
1527:
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1462:
1458:
1457:
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1433:
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1318:
1297:
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1223:
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1200:
1183:
1175:Henri Dunant
1172:
1153:
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1146:Henry Dunant
1127:
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1074:
1057:CHS Alliance
1053:
1040:Muzaffarabad
1014:
969:
950:The Guardian
948:
946:
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885:
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780:
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719:KALAHI-CIDSS
705:
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689:rebel groups
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655:
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631:
604:
594:
591:
587:
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513:monetization
502:
490:
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400:
385:
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359:impartiality
352:
337:
333:
326:
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277:
254:
245:
221:
189:
178:
166:
162:
140:
138:
116:(UNDP), the
95:
79:
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49:
5646:Jan Egeland
5530:Consortiums
5491:Mercy Corps
5360:UN agencies
4815:Fundraising
4778:Main topics
4364:27 December
4223:25 December
4169:(2013):1326
4159:(2013):1325
3508:11 December
3478:11 December
3190:19 November
3164:19 November
3138:19 November
2384:19 December
2199:16 December
2151:16 December
1726:|work=
1440:Ban Ki-moon
1430:Ban Ki-moon
1405:Jan Egeland
1337:Maxim Gorky
1304:British Raj
972:aid workers
899:Bangladeshi
890:Composition
871:expert and
842:Aid workers
766:committees.
715:Philippines
700:US food aid
595:inter alia,
540:complements
532:substitutes
505:food prices
469:UN agencies
251:Limitations
169:food prices
6009:Categories
5822:Standards,
5100:wealthiest
4856:Foundation
4841:charitable
4800:Compassion
4684:odi.org.uk
4190:27 January
4046:1 November
3826:6 November
3796:6 November
3770:6 November
3744:6 November
2494:1813/57993
1537:unocha.org
1519:References
1387:Bob Geldof
1079:handbook,
873:missionary
805:regime of
799:Tigray War
711:World Bank
615:Yugoslavia
548:fertilizer
480:See also:
386:Since the
363:neutrality
355:principles
329:protection
147:protection
46:, in 2008.
5722:ECHO (EU)
5717:FCDO (UK)
5671:Hugo Slim
5641:Degan Ali
5620:ReliefWeb
4839:Types of
4672:CDHAM.org
4596:cedat.org
4572:alnap.org
4449:4 January
4407:2673-3145
3867:143227029
3714:7 January
3128:233976377
3120:2709-2607
3009:0002-8282
2987:CiteSeerX
2731:VoxEU.org
2701:216142208
2582:. OXFAM.
2553:0002-9092
2511:224787897
2503:0013-0079
2332:1467-7717
2312:Disasters
2146:RMRP 2022
2120:CMI Brief
2035:cite book
2027:946161611
1966:13 August
1888:139190114
1880:2405-691X
1839:157630210
1831:1049-023X
1772:0020-6539
1728:ignored (
1718:cite book
1232:Original
1168:Solferino
1044:Islamabad
1030:Standards
903:US Marine
670:in 2003,
653:experts.
528:commodity
521:commodity
443:paid work
280:donations
232:rangeland
228:livestock
93:factors.
71:suffering
42:, in the
5793:Iraq War
5117:Telethon
5002:GiveWell
4939:Tzedakah
4805:Donation
4790:Altruism
4640:emdat.be
4584:apan.org
4291:Archived
4273:NBC News
3611:cite web
3601:18 March
3542:27 April
3536:Archived
3526:Guardian
3502:Archived
3498:BBC News
3472:Archived
3468:BBC News
3384:20 March
3358:20 March
3333:20 March
3290:20 March
3266:BBC News
3209:Archived
3078:Archived
3052:Archived
2782:12935268
2735:Archived
2440:19628562
2340:23905768
2247:27 April
2242:55335271
2161:cite web
2084:14147459
1790:21770935
1642:19628562
1577:28 April
1571:Archived
1547:28 April
1541:Archived
1477:See also
1436:Istanbul
1383:Live Aid
1288:Shanghai
1284:Shandong
1063:and the
916:in 2007.
807:Ethiopia
668:Zimbabwe
623:Croatian
578:Cambodia
573:Ethiopia
455:Conflict
403:Big Data
159:Food aid
63:refugees
59:homeless
55:logistic
6035:Charity
5226:History
4944:Sadaqah
4861:Private
4810:Empathy
4694:7 March
4391:: 114.
3248:Reuters
3159:Reuters
2709:1847703
2561:1241988
2448:1142286
2363:. 2018.
2293:1611818
1781:9374971
1650:1142286
1269:(1877).
1263:. From
1257:Bellary
1151:1840s.
1138:Origins
1133:History
986:or the
957:Attacks
869:leprosy
676:ZANU-PF
664:Rwandan
658:Somalia
611:Somalia
511:First,
419:Twitter
224:grazing
212:changaa
200:sorghum
5727:Turkey
5387:UNICEF
4977:Candid
4543:
4524:
4505:
4486:
4405:
3946:
3865:
3688:13 May
3666:13 May
3640:13 May
3567:
3126:
3118:
3007:
2989:
2933:
2908:28 May
2880:
2876:–147.
2847:
2780:
2707:
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2630:
2586:
2559:
2551:
2509:
2501:
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