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period thereafter has seen a significant uptake on the matter. It all began with Saudi Arabia's handling of the Second Gulf War in 1991, which created much unhappiness and opposition amongst its citizens. Thereafter, a group of Saudi
Arabian citizens attempted to establish a non-governmental human rights organization called the Committee for the Defence of Legitimate Rights ("CDLR"). Within weeks of its formation, Saudi Arabian authorities arrested many of its members and supporters. Following the release of its main founder and president Almasari, the committee was reformed in London where it received attention from human rights organisations worldwide. CDLR's work shed much-needed light on the human rights situation in Saudi Arabia that was previously clouded in secrecy.
276:
satisfactory compromise is made between the values of
Islamic and Western civilizations. One of the main reasons cited for Turkey's significant improvement in its human rights efforts over the past few decades is the country's push towards satisfying European Union pre-conditions for membership. In 2000, AI, on the back of visits made to the country to observe human rights practices, found that Turkey was demonstrating signs of greater transparency compared to other Muslim countries. In 2002, an AI report stated that the Turkish parliament passed three laws "…aimed at bringing Turkish law into line with European human rights standards." The same report further noted that "AI was given permission to open a branch in Turkey under the Law on Associations."
97:
human rights issues." CDHR translated the Qur'anic teachings as follows: "All men are equal in terms of basic human dignity and basic obligations and responsibilities, without any discrimination on the basis of race, colour, language, belief, sex, religion, political affiliation, social status or other considerations. True religion is the guarantee for enhancing such dignity along the path to human integrity." On top of references to the Qur'an, the CDHR also referenced prophetic teachings and
Islamic legal tradition.
293:
assembly, lack of transparency and independence of the judiciary and inadequate protection of vulnerable populations. Human Rights Watch has even gone as far as to declare that there has been a "human rights rollback" in the country. According to the report, this has taken place amidst the mass anti-government protests which took place in 2013. Under the current leadership of Recep Tayyip ErdoÄźan, the ruling party has become increasingly intolerant of "political opposition, public protest, and critical media".
357:
stadiums surpassed any other of any country that had hosted and prepared for the World Cup, that number being 6,500. The WHO also mentioned that 1,500 deaths per year is the average for a population of 2 million people. However, Qatar initiated new working standards for workers, including protection from heat stress, where workers are prohibited to work outside if the temperature surpasses 32 degrees.
167:
steadily opened itself up to scrutiny by international agencies; they have also participated and engaged the human rights front more actively. The country has allowed visits from UN Special
Rapporteurs and Working Groups. Saudi Arabia has also joined international human rights legal agreements, which means that the country is legally subject to
338:
In 2014, Human Rights Watch reported that despite changes to the penal code, the death penalty was still liberally meted resulting in one of the highest rates of executions in the world. On top of that, security authorities have been repressing free speech and dissent. Many opposition parties, labour
275:
Despite the genocide committed at the beginning of the 20th century against 3 million local
Christians. and the expulsion of the Greeks from the Greek cities that the Turks conquered such as Antalya and Istanbul. Turkey is considered by many as being the exemplary country of the Muslim world where a
136:
held on 7 November 2019, the EU Special
Representative for Human Rights conducted an early 2021 dialogue with Bahrain raising the issue of prison torture, repression of freedom of expression and association, and arbitrary detentions of Hassan Mushaima, Abdulhadi al-Khawaja, and Abduljalil al-Singace.
374:
Qatar's freedom of speech is very restrictive. Expressing negative views or threats on the Emir or the country can get an individual fined or prisoned. Two men were sentenced to life in prison for threatening the Emir on social media. Another individual was fined 100,000 QR for spreading false news.
284:
for cases of torture and ill-treatment; the peace process which aims to end terrorism and violence in the
Southeast of the country and pave the way for a solution to the Kurdish issue; the September 2013 democratisation package which sets out further reform, covering important issues such as the use
100:
While the CDHR can be seen as a significant human rights milestone for Muslim-majority countries, Western commentators have been critical of it. For one, it is a heavily qualified document. The CDHR is pre-empted by shariah law – "all rights and freedoms stipulated are subject to
Islamic Shari'ah."
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The CDHR was signed by member states of the OIC in 1990 at the 19th
Conference of Foreign Ministers held in Cairo, Egypt. It was seen as the answer to the UDHR. In fact, the CDHR was "patterned after the UN-sponsored UDHR of 1948". The object of the CDHR was to "serve as a guide for member states on
162:
Saudi Arabia has been under the human rights spotlight for a number of decades, receiving increased attention from the early 1990s onwards. Much of the period between the 1940s to 1980s was characterized by Saudi Arabia's perceived passivity on the issue as well as its refusal to sign the UDHR. The
365:
Racism toward immigrants in Qatar is prevalent and is shown in multiple ways. One way it is shown is by prioritizing the locals in the workplace over immigrants. Some of the domestic workers have spoken out on the mistreatment they’ve been through working for some Qatari families. A few instances
342:
The country has generally closed itself off to outside interference. The government has refused the request of the United
Nations to have Special Rapporteur-Ahmed Shaheed report on the human rights situation in the country though they did, however, announce that two UN experts would be allowed to
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While some have lauded the progress made, others have remained highly critical of the country. In a 2013-human rights review of Saudi Arabia by CountryWatch, it is said that Saudi Arabia has a "poor record of human rights" with the country's law "not for the protection of many basic rights". The
288:
Further progress was also recorded on the women's rights front where Turkey was the first country to ratify the Council of Europe Convention against Domestic Violence. Also, in 2009, the Turkish government established a Parliamentary Committee on Equal Opportunities for Men and Women to look at
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are also common in Pakistan. Freedom House has assessed Pakistan as "Partly Free" with a relatively low score of 37/100, indicating that it does not qualify as a "free democracy." This classification is based on a range of factors, including the military's influence, incidents involving Islamist
166:
The events which have followed since the early 1990s such as the end of the Cold War, the Gulf War and the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the United States of America, have further impacted the issue of human rights in Saudi Arabia, more so than any other country. Since these events, Saudi Arabia has
356:
The talk of human rights in Qatar has surged after people started questioning how ethical the building of the stadiums for FIFA 2022 was. Questioning the statistics of the number of deaths of the migrant workers that worked in the stadiums. The death tolls of the Labour workers connected to the
334:
The Islamic Republic of Iran has one of the worst human rights records of any country in the world. Amongst the most serious human rights issues plaguing the republic are "the government’s manipulation of the electoral process, which severely limited citizens’ right to change their government
292:
Despite all these advancements, there are still many significant human rights issues troubling the country. In a 2013-human rights report by the United States Department of State, amongst the problems to receive significant criticism were government interference with freedom of expression and
187:
report goes on to detail the many shortcomings in the country such as corruption, lack of transparency, the presence of corporal punishments and the lack of separation between the three branches of the government (i.e. judicial, executive and legislative).
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peacefully through free and fair elections; restrictions on civil liberties, including the freedoms of assembly, speech, and press; and disregard for the physical integrity of persons whom it arbitrarily and unlawfully detained, tortured, or killed."
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198:, have been detained or appeared in court for their work, an indication that Saudi Arabian authorities plan to continue their crackdown on peaceful opposition. Human rights activists disappear, are prosecuted, jailed, or forced into exile.
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had already set out the rights of men and women, and that to sign the UDHR would be unnecessary. The adoption of the UDHR started a debate on human rights in the Islamic world. Following years of deliberation, the
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Some of the latest human rights steps taken by Turkey include "the fourth judicial reform package adopted in April, which strengthens the protection of fundamental rights, including freedom of expression and the
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In turn, though member countries appear to follow shariah law, these laws seem to be ignored altogether when it comes to " their citizens using torture, and imprisonment without trial and disappearance."
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would be held by minorities to safeguard their "legitimate interests". However, the human rights record of Pakistan declined under the dictatorship of the US-supported
1080:
717:
1047:
570:
A. Alhargan, Raed (2011). "The impact of the UN human rights system and human rights INGOs on the Saudi Government with special reference to the spiral model".
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597:
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17:
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al-Ahsan, Abdullah (2009). "Law, Religion and Human Dignity in the Muslim World Today: An Examination of OIC's Cairo Declaration of Human Rights".
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1030:(2003), Human Rights in the Muslim World: Fundamentalism, Constitutionalism, and International Politics. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press.
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M. Alwasil, Abdulaziz (2010). "Saudi Arabia's engagement in, and interaction with, the UN human rights system: an analytical review".
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312:'s 1934 decision to establish the museum, revoking the monument's status, and a subsequent decree by Turkish president
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include how cruel the working conditions are, the abuse they suffered, ranging from sexual, verbal and physical.
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describes this as the Machiavellian attempt which is "turning out to be catastrophic in the Muslim world."
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The EU aimed at reversing the stated issues in early 2021 scheduled human rights dialogue with Bahrain.
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1342:
877:
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47:
802:"Presidential Decree on the opening of Hagia Sophia to worship promulgated on the Official Gazette"
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487:"Answer given by High Representative/Vice-President Borrell on behalf of the European Commission"
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512:"Answer given by High Representative/Vice-President Borrellon behalf of the European Commission"
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unions and student groups were banned and scores of political prisoners were still locked up.
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regarding its human rights records several times in the past. After the last dialogue between
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is generally regarded as poor by domestic and international observers. Initially, the 1973
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By 2017, Saudi Arabian authorities had intensified their efforts in cracking down against
8:
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twice enjoins "adequate provision shall be made for minorities" in its preamble, and the
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Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
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69:(UDHR) in 1948, Saudi Arabia refused to sign it as they were of the view that
50:. Amongst the human rights issues that are frequently under the spotlight are
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1327:
925:"Fact check: How many people died for the Qatar World Cup? – DW – 11/16/2022"
904:
691:"Pakistan's false claims on human rights exposed ahead of Monday's UN review"
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257:
893:"Revealed: 6,500 migrant workers have died in Qatar since World Cup awarded"
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Youngblood-Coleman, Denise. (2013). Country Review: Saudi Arabia at page 54.
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Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
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832:"Erdogan Signs Decree Allowing Hagia Sophia to Be Used as a Mosque Again"
598:"Saudi Arabia steps up ruthless crackdown against human rights activists"
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of the country. The current regime in Pakistan has been responsible for
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Presidency of the Republic of Turkey: Directorate of Communications
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Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
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Pattisson, Pete; McIntyre, Niamh; Mukhtar, Imran (2021-02-23).
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194:. Many activists, including one who provided information to
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977:"Does Information Change Attitudes Towards Immigrants?"
851:"Turkey: Court strikes down Hagia Sophia museum decree"
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of languages other than Turkish, and minority rights."
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militants, and constraints imposed on civil liberties.
1555:
Human rights violations against Palestinians by Israel
395:
History of human rights in the early Islamic Caliphate
30:
have been a subject of controversy for many decades.
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Article 24 of the Cairo Declaration of Human Rights.
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regime was exemplified when in early July 2020, the
1088:
54:, the right to consensual sex outside of marriage,
950:
1582:
461:
622:"unhchr.ch - unhchr Resources and Information"
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754:"EU-Turkey: Progress in women's human rights"
464:Islam and Human Rights Tradition and Politics
296:The recent rise in religious intolerance and
878:"Human Rights Watch World Report 2015: Iran"
224:(1975) guaranteed at least six seats in the
32:International non-governmental organizations
1410:Arabic Network for Human Rights Information
849:Dal, Aylin; Karadag, Kemal (10 July 2020).
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289:reducing the inequality between the sexes.
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1067:
1048:Islam Challenges to Universal Human Rights
848:
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92:Cairo Declaration of Human Rights in Islam
86:Cairo Declaration of Human Rights in Islam
80:Cairo Declaration of Human Rights in Islam
1550:Human rights in Muslim-majority countries
572:The International Journal of Human Rights
548:The International Journal of Human Rights
28:Human rights in Muslim-majority countries
1570:Association Marocaine des Droits Humaine
446:
330:Human rights in Islamic Republic of Iran
1436:Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights
1402:
108:
14:
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1296:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
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76:Organisation of the Islamic Conference
62:is also the subject of fierce debate.
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67:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
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65:When the United Nations adopted the
58:and political opinion. The issue of
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405:Human rights in the Qur'anic texts
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1602:
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951:Human Rights Watch (2023-01-12),
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18:Human rights in Islamic countries
1451:Al Mezan Center for Human Rights
1441:Defenders of Human Rights Center
1415:Arab Commission for Human Rights
981:AEA Randomized Controlled Trials
975:Roth, Christopher (2016-03-03).
785:"Turkey's Human Rights Rollback"
316:ordered the reclassification of
1090:Human rights in the Middle East
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830:Gall, Carlotta (10 July 2020).
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400:Human rights in the Middle East
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1565:Sahrawi Association of Victims
1281:Arbitrary arrest and detention
590:
504:
479:
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212:The human rights situation in
13:
1:
643:"CBC News In Depth: Pakistan"
462:Elizabeth Mayer, Ann (1995).
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1431:Kurdish Human Rights Project
808:. 2020-07-10. Archived from
723:. 2011-08-31. Archived from
390:Arab Charter on Human Rights
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158:Human rights in Saudi Arabia
7:
1540:Humanitarian crisis in Gaza
689:Rovner, Dina (2023-01-25).
449:Journal of Law and Religion
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1380:Women's suffrage, timeline
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128:has been addressed by the
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232:. General Zia introduced
48:Muslim-majority countries
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246:extrajudicial executions
208:Human rights in Pakistan
147:Human rights in Malaysia
42:(HRW) consistently find
1291:Crimes against humanity
1001:"Human rights in Qatar"
953:"Qatar: Events of 2022"
323:
250:human rights violations
120:Human rights in Bahrain
44:human rights violations
282:fight against impunity
271:Human rights in Turkey
192:human rights activists
1591:Human rights in Islam
1535:Collective punishment
1355:Right to a fair trial
1005:Amnesty International
196:Amnesty International
36:Amnesty International
1560:Israel and apartheid
1545:Human rights in Asia
1360:Right to development
1241:United Arab Emirates
314:Recep Tayyip ErdoÄźan
302:Recep Tayyip ErdoÄźan
109:Individual countries
1469:HRFS (founded 2002)
1306:Freedom of religion
758:European Commission
519:European Parliament
491:European Parliament
1456:Association Najdeh
1286:Capital punishment
836:The New York Times
78:(OIC) adopted the
40:Human Rights Watch
1578:
1577:
1502:
1501:
1385:Male guardianship
1323:Human trafficking
1028:Maimul Ahsan Khan
466:. Westview Press.
370:Freedom of speech
254:Forced conversion
226:National Assembly
103:Abdullah al-Ahsan
56:freedom of speech
16:(Redirected from
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1276:Academic freedom
1258:Yemeni civil war
1229:Syrian civil war
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1489:ESOHR (2013)
1479:ACPRA (2009)
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1348:Antisemitism
1214:Saudi Arabia
1177:Palestinians
1138:Islamic Iran
1133:Pahlavi Iran
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218:Constitution
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171:(CERD), the
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1519:NSHR (2004)
1333:LGBT rights
1160:Post-Saddam
1098:Middle East
664:"Countries"
230:General Zia
52:LGBT rights
1484:SDC (2011)
1311:Irreligion
1155:Ba'ath era
1150:Pre-Saddam
1010:2023-11-29
986:2023-11-28
962:2023-11-28
934:2023-11-28
910:2023-11-28
860:2020-07-17
816:2020-07-17
734:2020-11-17
700:2023-09-25
607:2017-02-19
524:14 January
496:14 January
411:References
248:and other
234:Sharia Law
71:sharia law
1461:al-Marsad
1301:Democracy
1204:Palestine
905:0261-3077
352:FIFA 2022
38:(AI) and
1585:Category
1528:See also
1446:B'Tselem
1424:National
1403:Pan-Arab
764:29 April
718:"Turkey"
695:UN Watch
674:28 April
648:28 April
627:28 April
379:See also
214:Pakistan
202:Pakistan
141:Malaysia
1375:Torture
1269:Aspects
1194:Lebanon
1106:Bahrain
957:English
550:: 1085.
310:Cabinet
242:torture
183:(CRC).
126:Bahrain
114:Bahrain
1508:GONGOs
1343:Racism
1338:Murder
1236:Turkey
1224:Rojava
1189:Kuwait
1184:Jordan
1172:Israel
1111:Cyprus
1034:
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1253:Yemen
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1219:Syria
1209:Qatar
1123:Egypt
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515:(PDF)
347:Qatar
1395:NGOs
1199:Oman
1145:Iraq
1128:Iran
1032:ISBN
901:ISSN
766:2015
676:2017
650:2017
629:2017
526:2021
498:2021
324:Iran
256:and
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