Convention on the Rights of the Child

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January 2005, strongly condemned the government for its practice of imposing the death penalty on juveniles, calling it "a serious violation of the fundamental rights". The committee said it was "deeply alarmed" over the discretionary power judges hold to treat juveniles as adults: In its 2004 report, the Saudi Arabian government had stated that it "never imposes capital punishment on persons ... below the age of 18". The government delegation later acknowledged that a judge could impose the death penalty whenever he decided that the convicted person had reached his or her maturity, regardless of the person's actual age at the time of the crime or at the time of the scheduled execution. But the death penalty was ended for minors in April 2020.

29: 5905: 1043:, composed of 18 independent experts, is responsible for supervising the implementation of the convention by the states that have ratified it. Their governments are required to report to and appear before the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child periodically to be examined on their progress regarding the advancement of the implementation of the convention and the status of child rights in their country. Their reports and the committee's written views and concerns are available on the committee's website. 1341:

in most industries except those deemed "hazardous", for which minimum ages apply. Although a law in October 2006 banned child labor in hotels, restaurants, and as domestic servants, there continues to be a high demand for children as hired help in the home. There are different estimates as to the number of child laborers in the country. According to the government's conservative estimate, in 2011 4.4 million children under 14 years of age were working in India, while the

1412:, stating, "Destruction of homes and damage to schools, streets and other public facilities gravely affect children" and called them "gross violations of the convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict and international humanitarian law". It also criticized Palestinian rocket attacks from Gaza on southern Israel, which traumatized Israeli children, calling on all parties to protect children. 962: 951: 136: 1440:(OCC), giving it significantly stronger investigative powers. The OCC is responsible for convening the UNCROC Monitoring Group, which monitors the New Zealand Government's implementation of the Children's Convention, its Optional Protocols and the Government's response to recommendations from the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child. The monitoring group comprises members from the 1744:, which would allow children or their representatives to file individual complaints for violation of the rights of children, was adopted in December 2011 and opened for signature on 28 February 2012. The protocol currently has 52 signatures and 50 ratifications: it entered into force on 14 April 2014 following the tenth ratification three months beforehand. 5002: 1391:

drew up a national children's strategy. In 2006, following concerns expressed by the committee that the wording of the Irish Constitution does not allow the State to intervene in abuse cases other than in very exceptional cases, the Irish government undertook to amend the constitution to make a more explicit commitment to children's rights.

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In the new law, the age of 18 (solar year) would be considered the minimum age for adulthood and offenders under this age will be sentenced under a separate law. Based on the previous law, which was revised, girls at the age of 9 and boys at 15 (lunar year, 11 days shorter than a solar year) were fully responsible for their crimes.

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own initiative if they have reliable information that leads them to believe that a member state has violated the convention's rights. However, "states ... may opt-out from the inquiry procedure, at the time of signature or ratification or accession". Once a year, the committee submits a report to the Third Committee of the

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approved the establishment of a working group with the mandate of "exploring the possibility of, elaborating and submitting to the Human Rights Council a draft optional protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child with the aim to: (a) Explicitly recognize that the right to education includes

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New Zealand ratified the convention on 6 April 1993 with reservations concerning the right to distinguish between persons according to the nature of their authority to be in New Zealand, the need for legislative action on economic exploitation—which it argued was adequately protected by existing law,

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India ratified UNCRC on 11 December 1992, agreeing in principle to all articles but with certain reservations on issues relating to child labor. In India, there is a law that children under the age of 18 should not work, but there is no outright ban on child labor. The practice is generally permitted

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Commission" proposed the development of an optional protocol to protect children from the marketing of tobacco, alcohol, formula milk, sugar-sweetened beverages, gambling, and potentially damaging social media, and the inappropriate use of their personal data. (The WHO also has its own framework for

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requires parties to ensure that children under the age of 18 are not recruited compulsorily into their armed forces and calls on governments to do everything feasible to ensure that members of their armed forces who are under 18 years do not take part in hostilities. This protocol entered into force

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unanimously passed the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (Incorporation) (Scotland) Bill, which partially incorporated the Convention into Scots law. The Bill was challenged by the UK Government and specified sections were found by the Supreme Court to be outwith the competence of

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and inequality, the extent of violence towards children, the use of custody for young offenders, the low age of criminal responsibility, and the lack of opportunities for children and young people to express views. The 2002 report of the committee expressed similar concerns, including the welfare of

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ratified the Convention of the Rights of the Child in 1991. The country then created further legislation to protect children experiencing physical and sexual abuse. However, a 2002 report indicated that South Korea had not yet satisfied article 12 of the CRC and that corporal violence of children in

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There is a concern over the administration of juvenile justice in Azerbaijan, mostly regarding compliance with articles 37, 39, and 40 of the convention, as well as other relevant standards such as the Beijing Rules, the Riyadh Guidelines, and the United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles

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Azerbaijan ratified the convention on 21 July 1992. In terms of the ratification of the convention, a significant number of laws, decrees and resolutions were approved in Azerbaijan by the President and the Cabinet of Ministers focusing on the development of the child welfare system. In this regard,

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Individuals can appeal to the Committee on the Rights of the Child if they believe that rights, according to the convention, have been violated. The third possibility for monitoring the implementation of the convention is inquiries that the Committee on the Rights of the Child can carry out on their

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Saudi Arabia ratified the convention in 1996, with a reservation "with respect to all such articles as are in conflict with the provisions of Islamic law" which is the national law. The Committee on the Rights of the Child, which reviewed Saudi Arabia's treatment of children under the convention in

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Although Iran is a state party to the convention, international human rights organisations and foreign governments routinely denounced executions of Iranian child offenders as a violation of the treaty. But on 10 February 2012, Iran's parliament changed the controversial law of executing juveniles.

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In 2016, the Child and Adolescent Labour (Amendment) Act was introduced, which prohibited children's economic employment under the age of 14 years and the employment of adolescents (14–17 years of age) in hazardous occupations. Some exceptions exist for children under 14 —they can aid in the family

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Ireland signed the convention on 30 September 1990 and ratified it, without reservation, on 28 September 1992. In response to criticisms expressed in the 1998 review by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child in Geneva, the Irish government established the office of Ombudsman for Children. It

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for children. In its General Comment 8 (2006) the committee stated that there was an "obligation of all state parties to move quickly to prohibit and eliminate all corporal punishment and all other cruel or degrading forms of punishment of children". Article 19 of the convention states that state

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Upon accession to the convention on 27 March 1992, Thailand registered the following reservation: "The application of Articles 7, 22 and 29 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child shall be subject to the national laws, regulations and prevailing practices in Thailand." This reservation was

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The Convention on the Rights of the Child has status as Swedish law since 1 January 2020. Also, before that, Swedish legislation was well in line with the convention and went in some cases further. It was given this status because Swedish authorities and the government thought the childs right

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was seeking the death penalty against eight Saudi men who were accused of committing protest-related crimes at the age of 14 and 17. One of the boys who turned 18 in 2020 was charged with a nonviolent crime that he allegedly committed aged 9. Under the hudud – an Islamic law – prosecutors have

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The Russian Federation's Amendments L.57 and L.64 to include parental rights were rejected. The Russian delegate, Kristina Sukacheva, remarked that governments voting against parents deliberately shirk their international responsibilities to provide for the rights of the child. At the time of

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in 1994. Upon ratification, Iran made the following reservation: "If the text of the Convention is or becomes incompatible with the domestic laws and Islamic standards at any time or in any case, the Government of the Islamic Republic shall not abide by it." Iran has also signed both optional

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Azerbaijan has built cooperation with many international organizations, particularly with UNICEF in child protection. In 1993, UNICEF began its activity in Azerbaijan. In 2005, Azerbaijan and UNICEF signed a five-year country program. The country program for 2005-2009 was implemented in child

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criticizes Israel for holding that the convention does not apply in the West Bank and for defining Palestinians under the age of 16 in the occupied territories as children, even though Israeli law defines a child as being under 18, in line with the convention. A contemporaneous report by the

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Israel ratified the convention in 1991. In 2010, UNICEF criticized the country for its failure to create a government-appointed commission on children's rights or adopt a national children's rights strategy or program to implement various Israeli laws addressing children's rights. The report

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protection, children's health and nutrition, children's education and youth health, and their development and participation. Also, UNICEF supports Azerbaijan in improving its juvenile justice system, establishing an alternative care system and raising awareness among youth about HIV/AIDS.

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early childhood care and education; (b) Explicitly state that, with a view to achieving the right to education, States shall: (i) Make public pre-primary education available free to all, beginning with at least one year; (ii) Make public secondary education available free to all."

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The United States government played an active role in the drafting of the convention and signed it on 16 February 1995, but has not ratified it. It has been claimed that American opposition to the convention stems primarily from political and religious conservatives. For example,

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passed the Children and Young People (Jersey) Law 2022, banning smacking, by abolishing the defence of "reasonable corporal punishment". The States Assembly incorporated the Convention into domestic law through the passage of the Children (Convention Rights) (Jersey) Law 2022.

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The convention obliges states to allow parents to exercise their parental responsibilities. The convention also acknowledges that children have the right to express their opinions and to have those opinions heard and acted upon when appropriate, to be protected from abuse or

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On 7 October 2020, the vote on United Nations Draft Resolution A/HRC/45/L.48/Rev.1 – "Rights of the child: Realizing the rights of the child through a healthy environment" submitted by Germany (on behalf of the European Union) and Uruguay (on behalf of GRULAC) was adopted.

6688: 1382:"According to Islamic sources, the criterion for criminal responsibility is reaching the age of maturity which, according to the Shi'ite School of the IRI, is 9 lunar years (8 years and 9 months) for girls and 15 lunar years (14 years and 7 months) for boys." 1538:

The United Kingdom ratified the convention on 16 December 1991, with several declarations and reservations, and made its first report to the Committee on the Rights of the Child in January 1995. Concerns raised by the committee included the growth in

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withdrawn on 11 April 1997 with respect to article 29 (goals of education), on 13 December 2010 with respect to article 7 (birth registration, name, nationality, care) and finally on 30 August 2024 with respect to article 22 (refugee children).

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certain settings is not prohibited. A 2017 review by the Committee on the Rights of the Child concluded that further legal protections had been enacted such as legislation against child pornography, prostitution, and the ratification of the

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children in custody, unequal treatment of asylum seekers, and the negative impact of poverty on children's rights. In September 2008, the UK government decided to withdraw its reservations and agree to the convention in these respects.

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All successor states of Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic and Slovakia) and Yugoslavia (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia) made declarations of succession to the treaty and currently apply it.

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Deprived of their Liberty. Therefore, international organizations assisted Azerbaijan to improve the situation in the field of juvenile justice. Juvenile offenders have been added to the Presidential pardons on a regular basis.

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human rights. There are unresolved tensions between "universalistic" and "relativistic" approaches in the establishment of standards and strategies designed to prevent or overcome the abuse of children's capacity to work.

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Clark, Helen; Coll-Seck, Awa Marie; Banerjee, Anshu; Peterson, Stefan; Dalglish, Sarah L; Ameratunga, Shanthi; Balabanova, Dina; Bhan, Maharaj Kishan; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Borrazzo, John; Claeson, Mariam (February 2020).

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Although child slavery is difficult to gauge within the UK, child slaves are imported into the UK and sold. Laws and enforcement mechanisms against slavery and human trafficking were consolidated and strengthened in the

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dismissed the suggestion that the Minister for Immigration and his department were at liberty to ignore the convention, arguing that this would imply that the country's adherence was "at least partly window-dressing".

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adoption, Uruguay stated that the incorporation of parental rights language as proposed by the Russian Federation would "bring imbalance to the resolution and would also go against the spirit of the resolution".

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Convention on the Rights of the Child - Guidelines regarding the implementation of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child

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Yun, Seira (2014). "Breaking Imaginary Barriers: Obligations of Armed Non-State Actors Under General Human Rights Law – The Case of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child".

1062:). It came into force on 2 September 1990, after it was ratified by the required number of nations. As of 20 September 2024, 196 countries are party to it, including every member of the United Nations 8527: 8522: 6548: 5404: 1569: 2389: 1155:

The convention also obliges signatory states to separate legal representation for a child in any judicial dispute concerning their care and asks that the child's viewpoint be heard in such cases.

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parties must "take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence", but it makes no reference to

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The convention deals with child-specific needs and rights. It requires that the "nations that ratify this convention are bound to it by international law." Ratifying states must act in the

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to the convention: the Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict, and the Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography.

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considers that "a civil society in which moral authority is exercised by religious congregations, family, and other private associations is fundamental to the American order", and the

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has either ratified or accepted the rights articulated for the child under eighteen or below the age of majority in that state. The most recent ratifications of the convention were by

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which sets out the civil, political, economic, social, health and cultural rights of children. The convention defines a child as any human being under the age of eighteen, unless the

3237: 2322: 5683: 4689: 2369: 2349: 634: 4304: 3284: 2667: 6397: 4965: 7557: 5081: 4669: 2594: 1349: 8312: 6658: 6598: 6461: 1627: 1063: 3680: 5419: 3449: 2512: 1585: 1167:. The committee's interpretation of this section to encompass a prohibition on corporal punishment has been rejected by several state parties to the convention, including 2787: 139: 5559: 4585: 4536: 2753:"UNICEF Azerbaijan launched special edition of State of the World's Children to mark the 20th Anniversary of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in the Parliament" 1322:(YCJA) which went into effect on 1 April 2003. The Act specifically refers to Canada's different commitments under the convention. The convention was influential in the 2894: 1504:

were discriminatory, but this did not legally restrict them from existing. The decision concluded that no kid zones conflict with a child's right to equality under the

8532: 5499: 5347: 4231:"Russian Federation, Ms. Kristina Sukacheva speaking at time code 00:05:04 – A/HRC/45/L.48/Rev.1 Vote Item:3 – 38th Meeting, 45th Regular Session Human Rights Council" 4554: 4256:"Uruguay, Ms. María Alejandra Costa Prieto speaking at time code 00:25:01 - A/HRC/45/L.48/Rev.1 Vote Item:3 - 38th Meeting, 45th Regular Session Human Rights Council" 1565: 2934: 1036:. When a state has signed the treaty but not ratified it, it is not yet bound by the treaty's provisions but is already obliged to not act contrary to its purpose. 8492: 6467: 5071: 5007: 4960: 4724: 4255: 4230: 4205: 2448:

Sutherland, Elaine E. (2003). "Can International Conventions Drive Domestic Law Reform? The Case of Physical Punishment of Children" in Dewar J., Parker S. (eds.)

1459:, which removed the defence of "reasonable force" for the purpose of correction. In its third and final vote, Parliament voted 113–8 in favour of the legislation. 1404:

found that Israel's investment in children is below the international average. The actual investment had fallen between 1995 and 2006. In 2012, the United Nations

1328: 8067: 7502: 8052: 6683: 5409: 5225: 3263: 3152: 1737:. It entered into force on 18 January 2002. As of 20 September 2024, 178 states are party to the protocol, and another 7 states have signed but not ratified it. 7662: 2419: 8537: 5708: 5394: 4519: 3745: 1401: 2034: 1998: 8222: 7482: 6563: 5688: 5274: 4876: 1653: 1493: 644: 557: 512: 3497: 6593: 6505: 6484: 6390: 5641: 5591: 5389: 4992: 4935: 4605: 4121: 3100: 616: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5414: 5308: 4930: 4003: 2386: 1093:

relating to communication of complaints was adopted in December 2011 and opened for signature on 28 February 2012. It came into effect on 14 April 2014.

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Canada became a signatory to the convention on 28 May 1990 and ratified in 1991. Youth criminal laws in Canada underwent major changes resulting in the

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protocols which relate to the special protection of children against involvement in armed conflict and the sale of children and sexual exploitation.

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enterprise and participate in the entertainment industry. It must not harm their school education and they must not work between 7 p.m. and 8 a.m.

4332: 3917: 2650: 8557: 8547: 7977: 6628: 6473: 6383: 5808: 5452: 5447: 5303: 4801: 4338: 2121: 2118:"How the Convention on the Rights of the Child works. Joining, implementing, and monitoring the world's most widely ratified human rights treaty" 1215:

Some scholars link child marriages to slavery and slavery-like practices. Child marriage as slavery is not directly addressed by the convention.

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in Vienna (1993) when a number of governments (prominently China, Indonesia, Malaysia and Iran) raised serious objections to the idea of

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on 12 July 2002. As of 20 September 2024, 172 states are party to the protocol, and another 8 states have signed but not ratified it.

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described the failure to ratify the convention as "embarrassing" and promised to review the issue but, as President, he never did. No

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incorporated the convention into domestic law on 20 November 2014, and signed an Instrument of Accession to the CRC on 16 May 2016.

8512: 8362: 8282: 7507: 5802: 5636: 4923: 4861: 4821: 4709: 4373: 4206:"United Nations Vote on Draft Resolution A/HRC/45/L.48/Rev.1 Vote Item:3 – 38th Meeting, 45th Regular Session Human Rights Council" 3836: 3366: 2152: 1437: 3676: 2060: 2033:(in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish). United Nations. 20 November 1989. p. 21 (paper), 51 (this PDF). 1997:(in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish). United Nations. 20 November 1989. p. 22 (paper), 52 (this PDF). 8552: 8402: 7717: 4610: 4463: 4393: 2450:

Family law: processes, practices, pressures: proceedings of the Tenth World Conference of the International Society of Family Law

1680:, the court held that mandatory sentences of life without the possibility of parole are unconstitutional for juvenile offenders. 114: 7882: 3654: 3441: 3064: 2752: 2508: 2347:

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography

8567: 8482: 8407: 7807: 7762: 6456: 6406: 5242: 5165: 5022: 4997: 4442: 3016: 1857: 1295: 1059: 1022: 1332:, although the Supreme Court of Canada ultimately held that "Its provisions have no direct application within Canadian law". 8487: 8202: 8162: 7687: 6440: 5849: 5752: 5718: 5621: 5601: 5532: 5320: 5269: 5160: 5093: 4881: 4826: 3634: 3614: 3317: 2901: 2457: 2263: 1638: 1441: 2828: 2821:"Statement by the Delegation of Azerbaijan. Human Dimension Implementation Meeting. Working Session 16: Rights of the Child" 2211: 1254:'s domestic ratification finished in January 2015 and the instrument was deposited with the United Nations in October 2015. 8572: 8177: 8102: 7997: 6912: 6787: 5673: 5296: 5066: 4652: 4637: 4620: 1405: 1040: 850: 749: 4095: 3900: 3203: 2644:"Implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child: Initial Report Submitted under Article 44 of the Convention" 2620: 1760:

making treaties.) In 2022, a group of international child rights and education experts joined a call for an update to the

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may also require an overhaul in light of the Convention's position that children have a right to identity from birth.

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to the UNCRC treaty (some with stated reservations or interpretations). Every member of the United Nations except the

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The Children's Commissioner has a statutory role to advance and monitor the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.

2984: 2870:"Baker v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 1999 CanLII 699 (SCC), [1999] 2 SCR 817, para 69" 2058: 1807: 1291: 704: 689: 1051:, which also hears a statement from the CRC Chair, and the Assembly adopts a Resolution on the Rights of the Child. 8332: 8297: 8217: 8107: 7937: 7932: 7757: 7697: 7672: 7537: 7457: 6191: 5781: 4950: 2287: 2023: 1987: 1764:

under international law to explicitly guarantee children's right to free pre-primary and free secondary education.

1199: 845: 835: 739: 664: 2721: 8467: 8417: 8342: 8257: 8232: 8082: 8072: 8037: 8002: 7992: 7947: 7917: 7802: 7742: 7692: 7642: 7547: 7532: 6847: 6780: 6335: 6125: 5934: 5537: 4955: 4940: 4509: 4485: 3096: 2227: 1055: 1048: 598: 446: 4117: 3260:"Children suffering devastating and lasting impact of Gaza crisis, says UN Committee on the Rights of the Child" 8472: 8427: 8307: 8267: 8112: 8042: 7987: 7872: 7832: 7522: 7512: 6715: 6634:

Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol)

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United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

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certiori to the Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama, No. 10-9646 (Argued 20 March 2012 – Decided 25 June 2012)

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Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict

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reportedly sought the death penalty for the eight men, which if granted will make them ineligible for pardon.

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Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention)

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Nayyeri, Mohammad Hossein (2012). "New Islamic Penal Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran: An Overview".

3174: 2175: 1782: 1505: 659: 219: 4970: 3576: 3498:"Committee on the Rights of the Child considers the report of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea" 3370: 3337: 3330:"Children's Commissioner Act 2003 No 121 (as at 29 November 2007), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation" 2534: 1370:

Iran has adhered to the convention (except for alleged child slavery) since 1991 and ratified it in the

8437: 8357: 8337: 8302: 8227: 8192: 8147: 8122: 8097: 8092: 8027: 7922: 7907: 7897: 7867: 7847: 7817: 7797: 7752: 7677: 7657: 7572: 7020: 6045: 5927: 5606: 5569: 5564: 5150: 4898: 4570: 4458: 3921: 2643: 1867: 1319: 840: 744: 451: 175: 7090: 2117: 1568:, partially incorporating the Convention into domestic law.The National Assembly for Wales passed the 1223:

The term "party" refers to a State that gives its explicit consent to be bound by the treaty.

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White, Ben (1999). "Defining the intolerable: Child work, global standards and cultural relativism".

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within a family or cultural grouping, and to have a relationship with both parents, even if they are

830: 724: 629: 323: 3039:"Children's Rights is Everyone's Responsibility, says UNICEF Iran Representative on CRC Anniversary" 1058:

adopted the convention and opened it for signature on 20 November 1989 (the 30th anniversary of its

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on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belém do Pará Convention)

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The Campaign for U.S. Ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), ed. (2018).

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O'Brien, Carl (28 September 2006). "UN to seek changes in Constitution in support of children".

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There are three optional protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The first, the

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Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families

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on the website of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR).

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has suggested doing so through a fourth optional protocol to the CRC. In June 2024, the UN's

1270: 954: 396: 5693: 3858: 1742:

Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a Communications Procedure

7136: 7075: 6975: 6949: 6578: 6430: 6299: 6035: 5969: 5880: 5844: 5839: 5791: 5522: 4771: 1837: 1747:

Proposals for additional optional protocols have also been made. In 2020, the independent "

1699: 787: 782: 493: 431: 381: 291: 5612:

International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World

3723: 1588:, banning smacking, by removing the defence of "justifiable assault". In March 2021, the 8: 7404: 7389: 6727: 6375: 6100: 5999: 5964: 5581: 3832: 3420: 2847: 2719: 2239: 1862: 1594: 1589: 1581: 1164: 1106: 920: 905: 719: 699: 583: 538: 441: 237: 201: 4397: 2617:"Joint statement on Somalia's ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child" 2144: 1603:

United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (Incorporation) (Scotland) Act 2024

28: 6897: 6747: 6105: 5974: 5713: 4325:

on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (including its Optional Protocols) in the

4172: 4065: 3973: 3897: 2489: 1765: 1761: 1730: 1667: 1472: 1371: 1323: 1243: 1159: 1082: 777: 679: 593: 548: 508: 328: 301: 213: 6584:

International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance

4044: 4027: 2091:

Website of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)

2064: 7111: 7050: 6872: 6341: 6309: 6196: 6040: 5950: 5723: 5678: 5658: 5543: 5313: 5207: 5145: 4945: 4406: 4176: 4164: 4069: 4057: 4049: 3981: 3977: 3884: 3646: 3630: 3610: 3523: 3313: 3071: 3012: 2980: 2760: 2686:"UN Convention on the Rights of the Child formally extended to Guernsey and Alderney" 2453: 1902: 1877: 1734: 1676: 1649: 1518: 1449: 1345: 1086: 1033: 709: 518: 348: 6579:

International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid

2493: 7005: 6980: 6689:

on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities

6262: 6216: 6181: 6085: 6080: 6050: 5984: 5279: 5219: 5189: 4871: 4565: 4156: 4087: 4039: 3965: 3818: 3528: 2972: 2481: 1827: 1727:

Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography

1662: 1652:

of juvenile offenders, a direct contravention of Article 37 of the convention. The

1137: 865: 654: 528: 488: 386: 286: 6549:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)

4160: 2641: 2258: 1702:

requesting its advice and consent to ratification since the US signed it in 1995.

1421:

and the provisions for the separation of juvenile offenders from adult offenders.

1152:

protected. It requires that their lives not be subject to excessive interference.

7429: 7379: 7308: 7283: 7253: 7163: 7070: 7010: 6633: 6277: 6246: 6201: 6090: 4642: 4316: 4084:"WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: First meeting of the working group" 3904: 3795: 3775: 3752: 3684: 3428: 3267: 3241: 2976: 2820: 2393: 2353: 2326: 2267: 2215: 2206: 1684: 1614: 1026: 772: 406: 401: 353: 271: 5904: 4327:

Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law

4326: 4144: 2485: 7419: 7303: 7243: 6907: 6902: 6892: 6887: 6852: 6346: 6171: 6120: 6110: 6070: 4382: 4083: 3207: 2616: 1812: 1176: 1118: 1007: 966: 900: 895: 870: 734: 588: 563: 498: 426: 391: 358: 338: 3969: 3746:"Overcoming Religious Objections to the Convention on the Rights of the Child" 1298:, the Recommendation No. 190 of the International Labour Organization and the 1032:

Nations that have ratified this convention or have acceded to it are bound by

7446: 7424: 7394: 7374: 7233: 7208: 7131: 7045: 7035: 7030: 6944: 6837: 6436:

Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

6236: 6206: 6166: 6146: 6115: 6075: 5989: 4168: 4053: 3551: 3038: 2961:"Child Rights, Culture and Exploitation: UK Experiences of Child Trafficking" 1912: 1817: 1802: 1642: 1540: 1231: 1129: 1125: 855: 797: 621: 256: 225: 102: 4319:

on the website of UNICEF, the children's organization of the United Nations.

2173: 2142: 7263: 7258: 7238: 7218: 7204: 7148: 6995: 6877: 6827: 6186: 6176: 6004: 5909: 5786: 5646: 4647: 4322: 4061: 3769:"Human Rights and Social Issues at the U.N.: A Guide for U.S. Policymakers" 2535:"Legal Obligations of Signatories and Parties to Treaties – Inside Justice" 1822: 1691: 1598: 1501: 1476: 1235: 910: 802: 639: 503: 478: 436: 416: 313: 281: 154: 2900:. Ministry of Labour & Employment, Government of India. Archived from 2825:

Website of the OSCE (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe)

1124:

In all jurisdictions implementing the convention requires compliance with

7369: 7364: 7338: 7228: 7213: 7194: 7153: 7121: 7116: 6954: 6832: 6772: 6221: 6009: 5875: 5689:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)

4348:(adopted by the Committee at its eighty-first session on 13–31 May 2019). 1917: 1852: 1570:

Children (Abolition of Defence of Reasonable Punishment) (Wales) Act 2020

1488: 860: 649: 553: 533: 468: 363: 333: 308: 4000:"UN rights chief welcomes new measure to stop violence against children" 3308:, 17 December 1993 2 NZLR 257 at 265, cited in Ferdinandusse, Ward N., 2280: 7348: 7293: 7288: 7278: 7273: 7126: 7000: 6862: 6857: 6813: 6351: 6226: 6211: 6130: 6065: 5776: 4841: 4091: 2729: 2720:

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan, ed. (2013).

1883:

Inter-Agency Guiding Principles on Unaccompanied and Separated Children

1748: 1572:, banning smacking, by abolishing the "reasonable punishment defence". 1409: 1110: 915: 807: 573: 143: 3552:"Korea's human rights authority says No Kids zones are discriminative" 3070:. International Federation of Human Rights. April 2009. Archived from 1352:

that estimates the number of child laborers in India at 12.7 million.

1302:

were ratified by Milli Majlis, the parliament of Azerbaijan, in 2004.

7333: 7199: 7178: 7060: 6985: 6937: 6867: 6822: 4311:

Information for children on the Convention on the Rights of the Child

3129:

European Union's reaction to the execution of Delera Darabi, May 2009

1971:"Chapter IV. Human Rights. 11) Convention on the Rights of the Child" 1648:

Most notably, at the time several states permitted the execution and

1274: 1168: 1128:

and guardianship laws as every child has basic rights, including the

1077:

restricts the involvement of children in military conflicts, and the

930: 925: 276: 5919: 2642:

Child and Youth Welfare and Rights Promotion Group (November 2016).

2145:"Committee on the Rights of the Child. Monitoring children's rights" 1597:. The bill was amended and again passed in December 2023, receiving 7384: 7323: 7313: 7248: 7085: 7065: 6990: 6554:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

6151: 4766: 4754: 4028:"A future for the world's children? A WHO–UNICEF–Lancet Commission" 3310:

Direct Application of International Criminal Law in National Courts

1278: 1247: 875: 792: 675:

International Falcon Movement – Socialist Educational International

543: 318: 261: 4189: 1719:

Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict

961: 8528:

Treaties extended to South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

8523:

Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

7343: 7318: 7095: 6282: 5684:

Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice

4351: 3246: 2260:

Convention on the Rights of the Child: Frequently Asked Questions

1975:

United Nations Treaty Collection. Depositary. Status of Treaties.

1408:

criticized Israel for its bombing attacks on Palestinians in the

1266: 1251: 1149: 935: 1296:

Convention on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour

8478:

Treaties adopted by United Nations General Assembly resolutions

7268: 7055: 7040: 6803: 6304: 6161: 4831: 4749: 4719: 4684: 4339:

Biography of Eglantyne Jebb, author of the original Declaration

4283: 2819:

Fidan Mahmudova (2016). Embassy of Azerbaijan to Poland (ed.).

2788:"The Child Protection System in Azerbaijan: Situation Analysis" 1756: 1561: 1445: 1255: 1227: 1172: 1133: 463: 266: 6599:

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

6462:

Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women

4024: 3421:"Saudi Arabia: Follow U.N. Call to End Juvenile Death Penalty" 2841: 1628:

U.S. ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child

7173: 6418: 4729: 3833:"Questions and Answers on the UN Special Session on Children" 1113:

marking the 25th anniversary of the signing of the convention

1089:. More than 170 states have ratified both protocols. A third 4002:(Press release). UN News Service Section. 20 December 2011. 3442:"Saudi Arabia: Alleged Child Offenders Face Death Sentences" 2954: 2952: 2844:"UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and Canada's Role" 1586:

Children (Equal Protection from Assault) (Scotland) Act 2019

6959: 3122:

French reaction to the execution of Delera Darabi, May 2009

1239: 1193: 6405: 2949: 2024:"Article 47 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child" 1988:"Article 49 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child" 1566:

Rights of Children and Young Persons (Wales) Measure 2011

7778:

Treaties of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

6468:

Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women

4317:

Information on the Convention of the Rights of the Child

3607:

Child Welfare: Major Themes in Health and Social Welfare

2452:, July 2000, Brisbane, Australia. Oxford: Hart, p. 488. 2174:

Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (ed.).

2143:

Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (ed.).

2087:"Article 1 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child" 1448:

New Zealand, Action for Children and Youth Aotearoa and

1329:

Baker v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)

1132:, to their own name and identity, to be raised by their 4118:"A Call to Expand the International Right to Education" 3235:"UNICEF: Israel negligent in guarding children's rights 2842:

Public Health Agency of Canada, ed. (1 February 2012).

1250:. South Sudan ratified the convention in January 2015. 7558:

Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic

4335:

submitted to the Committee on the Rights of the Child.

4286:"Text of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child" 2245: 20 November 1989. Retrieved 22 August 2008. 1402:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

6564:

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

6480:

Declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity

4292:. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights 3609:, Taylor and Francis, 2004, p. 175; Routledge, 2005, 1729:, requires parties to prohibit the sale of children, 1494:

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

1198:

Global human rights standards were challenged at the

1186:

has referred to the convention when interpreting the

645:

Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth

6659:

Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

6594:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

6485:

American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man

5642:

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons

5592:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

4284:

United Nations General Assembly (20 November 1989).

1265:

The convention does not apply in the territories of

617:

United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child

140:

United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child

3958:

Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies

3726:(Law). States of Assembly. 24 July 2024. 2024-07-24 6713: 5699:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 4190:UN Human Rights Council Resolution (8 July 2024). 4120:(Press release). Human Rights Watch. 6 June 2022. 3549: 2372:. United Nations Treaty Collection. Archived from 1560:The National Assembly for Wales, now known as the 1457:Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007 626:Americans for a Society Free from Age Restrictions 124:Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish 8533:Treaties extended to the Turks and Caicos Islands 8313:Treaties of the Republic of the Sudan (1985–2011) 5835:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights 3992: 3167:"Death penalty for people under 18 is prohibited" 2406:Article 19, Convention on the Rights of the Child 16:International treaty about the rights of children 7444: 6758:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 4323:Procedural history, related documents and photos 2927:"Statistics of Child Labour in India State Wise" 1690:During his 2008 campaign for President, Senator 1029:is attained earlier under national legislation. 8493:Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands 6474:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 5809:World Federation of United Nations Associations 5304:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 3704:(Law). States Assembly. 20 May 2022. 2024-07-25 3277: 3099:(Press release). Human Rights Watch. May 2009. 2818: 1218: 886:Legal status of tattooing in European countries 8053:Treaties of the Federated States of Micronesia 6589:Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 3724:Children (Convention Rights) (Jersey) Law 2022 3139: 3137: 2509:Out of the Shadows: Child Marriage and Slavery 891:Legal status of tattooing in the United States 8538:Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles 7298:(American 'crib' and 'cradle', British 'cot') 6788: 6733:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 6391: 5935: 4367: 3550:Kyung-eun, Song; Hong-joo, Park; Yubin, Han. 3145:"Iran changes law for execution of juveniles" 2467: 2465: 2176:"Human Rights Bodies - Complaints Procedures" 1210: 987: 8223:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7483:Treaties of the Islamic State of Afghanistan 6743:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness 6629:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 5704:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 4145:"It's Time to Expand the Right to Education" 3312:, Cambridge University Press, 2006, p. 161. 3181: 3097:"Reaction to the execution of Delera Darabi" 2958: 2609: 2364: 2362: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 1923:Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 1517:perspective was not applied sufficiently in 1348:in a statement of 2016 cites a study by the 208:History of youth rights in the United States 8068:Treaties of the Mongolian People's Republic 7503:Treaties of the People's Republic of Angola 6738:Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees 6559:Convention on the Political Rights of Women 3898:Walden University Presidential Youth Debate 3859:"U.S.: Supreme Court Ends Child Executions" 3702:Children and Young People (Jersey) Law 2022 3134: 3041:(Press release). UNICEF. 20 November 2010. 3031: 2500: 2221: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1959: 881:French petition against age of consent laws 232:Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms 7663:Treaties of the People's Republic of China 6802: 6795: 6781: 6495:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 6447:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam 6398: 6384: 5942: 5928: 5797:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 5709:UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities 4374: 4360: 3627:The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Social Work 3190:University of Essex: Research Paper Series 2462: 2281:"UN convention on the rights of the child" 2253: 2251: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1705:The United States has ratified two of the 994: 980: 8518:Treaties extended to the Pitcairn Islands 8503:Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands 6420:Declarations, manifestos, and resolutions 4043: 3577:"barnkonventionen - Uppslagsverk - NE.se" 3272:United Nations Commission on Human Rights 2359: 2332: 2305: 2205:Child Rights Information Network (2008). 1498:National Human Rights Commission of Korea 685:National Union of Students LGBT+ Campaign 7648:Treaties of the Central African Republic 6649:Convention for the Prevention of Torture 5226:Conference on International Organization 4142: 2420:"Aussie parents to defy UN smacking ban" 1194:Global standards and cultural relativism 1100: 635:Human Rights and Youth Rights Commission 181:Children's Online Privacy Protection Act 8498:Treaties extended to the Cayman Islands 5141:Office international d'hygiène publique 3363:"Our role in the Children's Convention" 3187: 2417: 2396:, Committee on the Rights of the Child. 2248: 1936: 1706: 1090: 1070: 8558:Treaties extended to British Hong Kong 8548:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands 7978:Treaties of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 7445: 6457:Declaration of the Rights of the Child 6407:International human rights instruments 6365:Index of youth rights–related articles 4936:Spokesperson for the Secretary-General 3657:from the original on 22 September 2008 3524:"Inside the debate on 'no-kids zones'" 3431:, Human Rights Watch, 28 January 2006. 2750: 2515:from the original on 19 September 2016 2511:(Report). Anti-Slavery International. 2506: 2293:from the original on 21 September 2016 2201: 2199: 2197: 1858:Declaration of the Rights of the Child 1641:(HSLDA) argues that the CRC threatens 1226:As of 12 July 2022, 196 countries are 1060:Declaration of the Rights of the Child 8563:Treaties extended to Portuguese Macau 7683:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo 7453:Convention on the Rights of the Child 6776: 6712: 6615: 6569:Convention on the Rights of the Child 6524: 6523: 6506:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants 6441:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 6417: 6379: 5949: 5923: 5850:UN television film series (1964–1966) 5602:International Narcotics Control Board 5533:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty 5321:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants 5292:Convention on the Rights of the Child 5270:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 4355: 3839:from the original on 16 December 2013 3677:"UK to give up child rights opt-outs" 3587:from the original on 14 February 2022 3396:"Timeline: Anti-smacking legislation" 3367:Office of the Children's Commissioner 3065:"Report on the death penalty in Iran" 3015:. 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Human Rights Watch. 1 March 2005. 3521: 3452:from the original on 20 October 2020 3204:"Children's Rights Alliance website" 2993:from the original on 22 October 2016 2937:from the original on 9 November 2020 2831:from the original on 28 August 2017. 2656:from the original on 6 October 2021. 2649:. Republic of China Executive Yuan. 2097:from the original on 13 January 2015 2093:. United Nations. 20 November 1989. 1455:In May 2007, New Zealand passed the 1406:Committee on the Rights of the Child 1041:Committee on the Rights of the Child 851:Ages of consent in the United States 750:World Federation of Democratic Youth 7478:Treaties entered into force in 1990 6676:American Convention on Human Rights 5077:Permanent representatives to the UN 4966:Political and Peacebuilding Affairs 3955: 3647:"UK to sign UN children convention" 2800:from the original on 28 August 2017 2660: 2623:from the original on 3 October 2015 2597:from the original on 3 October 2017 2257:Amnesty International USA (2007). 2194: 2155:from the original on 13 August 2020 1188:European Convention on Human Rights 13: 8153:Treaties of the State of Palestine 7738:Treaties of the Dominican Republic 7588:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina 6654:European Convention on Nationality 5886:Withdrawal from the United Nations 5072:Security Council Permanent members 4381: 4006:from the original on 22 March 2017 3918:"Child Rights Information Network" 3835:. 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Save the Children. 4 May 2016. 2571:from the original on 31 July 2020 2541:from the original on 7 March 2023 2430:from the original on 15 June 2011 1605:came into force on 16 July 2024. 1533: 1292:International Labour Organization 1073:were adopted on 25 May 2000. The 705:Students for a Democratic Society 690:National Youth Rights Association 8033:Treaties of the Marshall Islands 6616: 5903: 3522:Jung, Min-kyung (10 June 2023). 3402:from the original on 25 May 2010 3350:Children's Commissioner Act 2003 3306:Tavita v Minister of Immigration 2418:Simalis, Linda (21 March 2010). 2124:from the original on 4 June 2019 1698:has submitted the treaty to the 1621: 1434:Children's Commissioner Act 2003 1200:World Conference on Human Rights 1081:prohibits the sale of children, 960: 949: 846:Ages of consent in South America 836:Ages of consent in North America 740:Young Communist League of Canada 665:High School Democrats of America 134: 101:(all eligible states except the 27: 8513:Treaties extended to Montserrat 8363:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago 8283:Treaties of the Solomon Islands 7508:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda 6848:Breastfeeding and mental health 6336:The Teenage Liberation Handbook 5459:International Court of Justice 5008:Sport for Development and Peace 4248: 4223: 4198: 4183: 4136: 4110: 4076: 4018: 3949: 3936: 3910: 3891: 3877: 3851: 3825: 3810: 3784: 3762: 3738: 3716: 3694: 3669: 3639: 3619: 3599: 3569: 3543: 3515: 3490: 3464: 3434: 3414: 3388: 3355: 3322: 3299: 3253: 3227: 3214: 3196: 3159: 3115: 3089: 3057: 3005: 2919: 2887: 2862: 2835: 2812: 2744: 2678: 2635: 2583: 2553: 2527: 2442: 2411: 2399: 2380: 2273: 2228:United Nations General Assembly 1521:decisions and law enforcement. 1462: 1049:United Nations General Assembly 37: Parties to the convention 8553:Treaties extended to Greenland 8403:Treaties of the United Kingdom 7718:Treaties of the Czech Republic 6716:International humanitarian law 6273:Age of criminal responsibility 5136:Permanent Court of Arbitration 5131:International Peace Conference 4498:International Court of Justice 4149:Nordic Journal of Human Rights 4143:Sheppard, Bede (30 May 2022). 3757:Emory International Law Review 3233:Or Kashti (21 November 2010). 2167: 2136: 2109: 2079: 2052: 2016: 1980: 1898:International Play Association 1808:Cartoons for Children's Rights 1696:President of the United States 1483: 1426:Court of Appeal of New Zealand 1415: 1290:the Convention No. 182 of the 1281:was also excluded until 2020. 1184:European Court of Human Rights 412:Behavior modification facility 170:Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co. 43: Signed, but not ratified 1: 8568:Treaties extended to Guernsey 8483:Treaties extended to Anguilla 8408:Treaties of the United States 7808:Treaties of Georgia (country) 7763:Treaties of Equatorial Guinea 6843:Breastfeeding and medications 6684:to Prevent and Punish Torture 5669:Sustainable Development Goals 5196:Declaration by United Nations 5121:International Telegraph Union 4161:10.1080/18918131.2022.2071401 4045:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32540-1 3942:Podgers, "The Last Holdout", 3149:Iran Independent News Service 2895:"Census Data on Child Labour" 2270:. Retrieved 26 November 2008. 2218:. Retrieved 26 November 2008. 2031:Website of the United Nations 1995:Website of the United Nations 1929: 1893:International child abduction 1350:Campaign Against Child Labour 1284: 1013:(commonly abbreviated as the 730:Youth Liberation of Ann Arbor 8488:Treaties extended to Bermuda 8203:Treaties of the Soviet Union 8163:Treaties of Papua New Guinea 7688:Treaties of the Cook Islands 7405:Neonatal withdrawal syndrome 7026:Infant cognitive development 6923:Neonatal intensive care unit 5597:International Criminal Court 5033:UN organizations by location 4305:Signatures and ratifications 2977:10.51952/9781847429469.ch008 2356:. Retrieved 20 October 2010. 2329:. Retrieved 20 October 2010. 1873:Global Movement for Children 1672:cruel and unusual punishment 1219:States party and signatories 670:Indian Youth Climate Network 484:Human rights and youth sport 7: 8573:Treaties extended to Jersey 8178:Treaties of the Philippines 8103:Treaties of the Netherlands 7998:Treaties of North Macedonia 7329:Supplemental nursing system 6295:Counterculture of the 1960s 6031:Community youth development 5731:Security Council veto power 5038:Sexual Violence in Conflict 4961:Economic and Social Affairs 4532:Economic and Social Council 3629:, Blackwell, 2000, p. 354. 3171:Ghanoon Online (in Persian) 2486:10.1177/0907568299006001010 1843:Children's rights education 1795: 1670:to be unconstitutional as " 1601:on 16 January 2024 and the 1575: 1524: 1096: 660:Global Youth Action Network 569:Underage drinking in the US 10: 8594: 8543:Treaties extended to Aruba 8453:Treaties of Czechoslovakia 7883:Treaties of Ba'athist Iraq 7473:Treaties concluded in 1989 7081:Prenatal development table 7021:Irritant diaper dermatitis 6680:Inter-American Convention 6544:Convention against Torture 6046:Positive youth development 5782:UN Memorial Cemetery Korea 5607:International Day of Peace 5089:General Assembly Observers 4412:General Assembly President 3822:, No. 03-633: 1 March 2005 2507:Turner, Catherine (2013). 1868:Execution of Rizana Nafeek 1848:Children's rights movement 1780: 1625: 1385: 1363: 1320:Youth Criminal Justice Act 1211:Child marriage and slavery 841:Ages of consent in Oceania 745:Young Democrats of America 176:Child Labor Deterrence Act 7983:Treaties of Liechtenstein 7843:Treaties of Guinea-Bissau 7400:Prenatal cocaine exposure 7357: 7188:Infant care and equipment 7187: 7105:Socialization and Culture 7104: 7016:Infant visual development 6968: 6883:Infant and toddler safety 6811: 6723: 6708: 6624: 6611: 6534: 6519: 6426: 6413: 6360: 6330:Taking Children Seriously 6255: 6232:School-to-prison pipeline 6139: 6056:Student-centered learning 6018: 5957: 5899: 5822: 5513: 5435: 5338: 5326:World Heritage Convention 5235: 5214:Dumbarton Oaks Conference 5176: 5113: 5104: 5050: 4924:General Assembly Building 4897: 4780: 4552: 4451: 4433: 4424: 4389: 3970:10.1163/18781527-00501008 3683:20 September 2008 at the 3013:"Children's Rights: Iran" 1977:. Retrieved 20 July 2024. 1833:Child survival revolution 1608: 1511: 1496:. A 2017 decision by the 1394: 1366:Children's rights in Iran 1313: 1300:Hague Adoption Convention 831:Ages of consent in Europe 725:Youth International Party 630:Canadian Youth for Choice 324:Taking Children Seriously 133: 128: 120: 110: 95: 87: 79: 71: 63: 55: 26: 8463:Treaties of the Holy See 8458:Treaties of East Germany 8378:Treaties of Turkmenistan 8293:Treaties of South Africa 8263:Treaties of Sierra Leone 8243:Treaties of Saudi Arabia 8018:Treaties of the Maldives 7613:Treaties of Burkina Faso 7468:Human rights instruments 7410:Parental child abduction 6933:Oral rehydration therapy 6325:Subcultures of the 1950s 6315:International Youth Year 5980:Intergenerational equity 5632:Military Staff Committee 4971:Dag Hammarskjöld Library 4474:Deputy Secretary-General 4403:Deputy Secretary-General 3903:11 December 2008 at the 3751:26 November 2022 at the 3266:18 February 2013 at the 2352:13 December 2013 at the 2266:22 December 2008 at the 1888:Intergenerational equity 1783:Parents' rights movement 1555: 1335: 1079:Second Optional Protocol 1064:except the United States 422:Children in the military 297:Intergenerational equity 220:Newsboys' strike of 1899 196:Fair Labor Standards Act 8333:Treaties of Switzerland 8298:Treaties of South Sudan 8218:Treaties of Saint Lucia 8108:Treaties of New Zealand 7938:Treaties of South Korea 7933:Treaties of North Korea 7758:Treaties of El Salvador 7698:Treaties of Ivory Coast 7673:Treaties of the Comoros 7538:Treaties of the Bahamas 7458:United Nations treaties 7415:Parental responsibility 6928:Newborn care and safety 6452:Declaration of Montreal 6026:Anarchistic free school 5995:Youth-adult partnership 5803:Woodrow Wilson Memorial 5765:UN International School 5760:UN Federal Credit Union 5741:Security Council reform 5577:Four Nations Initiative 5505:Security Council (2016) 5348:Security Council vetoes 4479:Under-Secretary-General 4333:NGO Alternative Reports 3774:6 December 2008 at the 3427:4 February 2008 at the 3240:5 November 2012 at the 2392:4 December 2010 at the 2214:4 February 2015 at the 1969:United Nations (1989). 1635:The Heritage Foundation 1550:Modern Slavery Act 2015 1359: 1158:The convention forbids 1075:First Optional Protocol 826:Ages of consent in Asia 695:One World Youth Project 579:Youth-adult partnership 8468:Treaties of Yugoslavia 8418:Treaties of Uzbekistan 8343:Treaties of Tajikistan 8258:Treaties of Seychelles 8233:Treaties of San Marino 8083:Treaties of Mozambique 8073:Treaties of Montenegro 8038:Treaties of Mauritania 8003:Treaties of Madagascar 7993:Treaties of Luxembourg 7948:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan 7918:Treaties of Kazakhstan 7803:Treaties of the Gambia 7743:Treaties of East Timor 7693:Treaties of Costa Rica 7643:Treaties of Cape Verde 7548:Treaties of Bangladesh 7533:Treaties of Azerbaijan 7159:Grandparent visitation 6289:The Catcher in the Rye 5753:Security Council mural 5719:Millennium Declaration 5664:SDG Publishers Compact 5126:Universal Postal Union 3336:. 2011. Archived from 2931:www.savethechildren.in 1519:Swedish social welfare 1114: 1021:) is an international 474:Emancipation of minors 344:Youth detention center 186:Kids Online Safety Act 8473:1980 in New York City 8428:Treaties of Venezuela 8308:Treaties of Sri Lanka 8268:Treaties of Singapore 8113:Treaties of Nicaragua 8043:Treaties of Mauritius 7988:Treaties of Lithuania 7873:Treaties of Indonesia 7833:Treaties of Guatemala 7523:Treaties of Australia 7513:Treaties of Argentina 6918:Infant sleep training 6501:Yogyakarta Principles 6320:LGBT student movement 6268:Age of consent reform 6242:Youth control complex 5891:Women in peacekeeping 5550:Drug control treaties 4260:United Nations Web TV 4235:United Nations Web TV 4210:United Nations Web TV 3653:. 19 September 2008. 2325:25 April 2016 at the 2230: Session 44 1908:Stop Child Executions 1781:Further information: 1271:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 1104: 397:Age of consent reform 8578:November 1989 events 8448:Treaties of Zimbabwe 8348:Treaties of Thailand 8323:Treaties of Eswatini 8318:Treaties of Suriname 8278:Treaties of Slovenia 8273:Treaties of Slovakia 8188:Treaties of Portugal 8168:Treaties of Paraguay 8143:Treaties of Pakistan 8013:Treaties of Malaysia 7928:Treaties of Kiribati 7853:Treaties of Honduras 7733:Treaties of Dominica 7728:Treaties of Djibouti 7668:Treaties of Colombia 7633:Treaties of Cameroon 7608:Treaties of Bulgaria 7593:Treaties of Botswana 7553:Treaties of Barbados 7076:Prenatal development 6976:Attachment parenting 6950:Shaken baby syndrome 6431:Brazilian Resolution 6036:Democratic education 5970:Free-range parenting 5845:United Nations Radio 5840:United Nations Medal 5792:University for Peace 5523:Bretton Woods system 5258:governed territories 5003:Developing Countries 4914:Secretariat Building 4783:Specialized agencies 3295:on 11 February 2014. 3177:on 13 February 2012. 3155:on 11 February 2012. 2751:UNICEF, ed. (2009). 2722:"Rights of children" 2674:on 11 February 2014. 2424:The Sunday Telegraph 1770:Human Rights Council 1700:United States Senate 1674:"; in the 2012 case 1471:On 20 October 2020, 1148:, and to have their 494:Juvenile delinquency 432:Compulsory education 382:Adolescent sexuality 292:Free-range parenting 115:UN Secretary-General 8433:Treaties of Vietnam 8423:Treaties of Vanuatu 8413:Treaties of Uruguay 8393:Treaties of Ukraine 8368:Treaties of Tunisia 8288:Treaties of Somalia 8248:Treaties of Senegal 8198:Treaties of Romania 8128:Treaties of Nigeria 8088:Treaties of Namibia 8078:Treaties of Morocco 8058:Treaties of Moldova 7973:Treaties of Liberia 7968:Treaties of Lesotho 7963:Treaties of Lebanon 7903:Treaties of Jamaica 7888:Treaties of Ireland 7863:Treaties of Iceland 7858:Treaties of Hungary 7828:Treaties of Grenada 7813:Treaties of Germany 7788:Treaties of Finland 7773:Treaties of Estonia 7768:Treaties of Eritrea 7748:Treaties of Ecuador 7723:Treaties of Denmark 7703:Treaties of Croatia 7623:Treaties of Burundi 7618:Treaties of Myanmar 7583:Treaties of Bolivia 7563:Treaties of Belgium 7543:Treaties of Bahrain 7528:Treaties of Austria 7518:Treaties of Armenia 7498:Treaties of Andorra 7493:Treaties of Algeria 7488:Treaties of Albania 7390:Infant ear piercing 6728:Genocide Convention 6101:Youth participation 6096:Youth organizations 6000:Youth mainstreaming 5965:Evolving capacities 5617:International Years 5582:Genocide Convention 5018:Outer Space Affairs 5013:Disarmament Affairs 4978:Safety and Security 4919:Conference Building 4899:Secretariat offices 4544:Trusteeship Council 3780:Heritage Foundation 3448:. 20 October 2020. 3334:legislation.govt.nz 3274:, 22 November 2012. 3210:on 27 January 2008. 2688:. 9 December 2020. 1863:Evolving capacities 1668:juvenile executions 1595:Scottish Parliament 1590:Scottish Parliament 1582:Scottish Parliament 1165:corporal punishment 1056:UN General Assembly 1023:human rights treaty 921:Liberation theology 906:Youth Olympic Games 720:UK Youth Parliament 715:Three O'Clock Lobby 700:Queer Youth Network 584:Youth participation 539:Minors and abortion 524:Minimum driving age 442:Corporal punishment 238:Wild in the Streets 202:Hammer v. Dagenhart 49: Non-signatory 23: 8443:Treaties of Zambia 8388:Treaties of Uganda 8383:Treaties of Tuvalu 8373:Treaties of Turkey 8328:Treaties of Sweden 8208:Treaties of Rwanda 8183:Treaties of Poland 8158:Treaties of Panama 8133:Treaties of Norway 8063:Treaties of Monaco 8048:Treaties of Mexico 8008:Treaties of Malawi 7958:Treaties of Latvia 7943:Treaties of Kuwait 7913:Treaties of Jordan 7893:Treaties of Israel 7838:Treaties of Guinea 7823:Treaties of Greece 7793:Treaties of France 7713:Treaties of Cyprus 7638:Treaties of Canada 7603:Treaties of Brunei 7598:Treaties of Brazil 7578:Treaties of Bhutan 7568:Treaties of Belize 6898:Infant food safety 6748:Geneva Conventions 6106:Youth philanthropy 5975:Future generations 5637:Official languages 5184:London Declaration 4993:Internal Oversight 4983:Palestinian Rights 4555:Funds, programmes, 4038:(10224): 605–658. 3924:on 8 December 2010 3816:US Supreme Court: 3689:BBC reporters blog 3446:Human Rights Watch 2850:on 3 December 2012 2376:on 25 August 2012. 2061:"What is the CRC?" 1766:Human Rights Watch 1762:right to education 1731:child prostitution 1713:Optional protocols 1707:optional protocols 1473:Human Rights Watch 1324:administrative law 1244:State of Palestine 1160:capital punishment 1115: 1083:child prostitution 1071:optional protocols 967:Society portal 594:Youth unemployment 549:School leaving age 509:Legal drinking age 329:Universal suffrage 302:Future generations 214:Morse v. Frederick 21: 8438:Treaties of Yemen 8358:Treaties of Tonga 8338:Treaties of Syria 8303:Treaties of Spain 8228:Treaties of Samoa 8193:Treaties of Qatar 8148:Treaties of Palau 8123:Treaties of Niger 8098:Treaties of Nepal 8093:Treaties of Nauru 8028:Treaties of Malta 7923:Treaties of Kenya 7908:Treaties of Japan 7898:Treaties of Italy 7868:Treaties of India 7848:Treaties of Haiti 7818:Treaties of Ghana 7798:Treaties of Gabon 7753:Treaties of Egypt 7678:Treaties of Zaire 7658:Treaties of Chile 7573:Treaties of Benin 7440: 7439: 7300: 7137:Children's rights 7051:Object permanence 6873:Failure to thrive 6770: 6769: 6766: 6765: 6753:Hague Conventions 6704: 6703: 6607: 6606: 6527:International law 6515: 6514: 6373: 6372: 6342:Teenage rebellion 6310:Hungry generation 6197:Helicopter parent 6041:Popular education 5951:Youth empowerment 5917: 5916: 5748:UN Art Collection 5724:Millennium Summit 5679:UN Block By Block 5659:Ralph Bunche Park 5627:UN laissez-passer 5587:UN Global Compact 5544:Delivering as One 5443:Secretary-General 5334: 5333: 5314:Indigenous Caucus 5208:Tehran Conference 5202:Moscow Conference 5177:Preparatory years 5146:League of Nations 5046: 5045: 4946:Palace of Nations 4648:UNEP/GRID-Arendal 4464:Secretary-General 4407:Amina J. Mohammed 4394:Secretary-General 3885:Miller v. Alabama 3744:Smolin, David M. 3635:978-0-631-21451-9 3615:978-0-415-31257-8 3318:978-90-6704-207-9 2965:Child Slavery Now 2763:on 28 August 2017 2732:on 28 August 2017 2458:978-1-84113-308-9 2387:General Comment 8 1903:Save the Children 1878:iRights Framework 1838:Children's rights 1735:child pornography 1677:Miller v. 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6988: 6983: 6978: 6972: 6970: 6966: 6965: 6963: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6941: 6940: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6908:Infant massage 6905: 6903:Infant formula 6900: 6895: 6893:Infant feeding 6890: 6888:Infant bathing 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6853:Bottle feeding 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6819: 6817: 6809: 6808: 6806:and their care 6800: 6799: 6792: 6785: 6777: 6768: 6767: 6764: 6763: 6761: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6724: 6721: 6720: 6706: 6705: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6698: 6697: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6678: 6673: 6672: 6671: 6666: 6664:Social Charter 6661: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6638: 6637: 6636: 6625: 6622: 6621: 6609: 6608: 6605: 6604: 6602: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6535: 6532: 6531: 6517: 6516: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6509: 6503: 6498: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6471: 6465: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6438: 6433: 6427: 6424: 6423: 6411: 6410: 6403: 6402: 6395: 6388: 6380: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6367: 6361: 6358: 6357: 6355: 6354: 6349: 6347:UK underground 6344: 6339: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6259: 6257: 6256:Related topics 6253: 6252: 6250: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6143: 6141: 6137: 6136: 6134: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6121:Youth suffrage 6118: 6113: 6111:Youth politics 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6071:Youth activism 6068: 6063: 6061:Student rights 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6022: 6020: 6016: 6015: 6013: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5961: 5959: 5955: 5954: 5947: 5946: 5939: 5932: 5924: 5915: 5914: 5900: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5860: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5826: 5824: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5773: 5772: 5762: 5757: 5756: 5755: 5745: 5744: 5743: 5733: 5728: 5727: 5726: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5655: 5654: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5573: 5572: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5519: 5517: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5496: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5457: 5456: 5455: 5450: 5439: 5437: 5433: 5432: 5430: 5429: 5428: 5427: 5422: 5420:Western Sahara 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5367: 5366: 5365: 5360: 5350: 5344: 5342: 5336: 5335: 5332: 5331: 5329: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5317: 5316: 5311: 5301: 5300: 5299: 5289: 5284: 5283: 5282: 5277: 5267: 5266: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5239: 5237: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5229: 5223: 5217: 5211: 5205: 5199: 5193: 5187: 5180: 5178: 5174: 5173: 5171: 5170: 5169: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5117: 5115: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5098: 5097: 5096: 5094:European Union 5086: 5085: 5084: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5058: 5056: 5048: 5047: 5044: 5043: 5041: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4974: 4973: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4931:Envoy on Youth 4928: 4927: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4905: 4903: 4895: 4894: 4892: 4891: 4890: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4788: 4786: 4781: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4758: 4757: 4752: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4656: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4635: 4634: 4633: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4562: 4560: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4547: 4546: 4541: 4540: 4539: 4529: 4528: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4507: 4506: 4505: 4495: 4494: 4493: 4483: 4482: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4455: 4453: 4449: 4448: 4446: 4445: 4439: 4437: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4418: 4416:Dennis Francis 4409: 4400: 4390: 4387: 4386: 4383:United Nations 4379: 4378: 4371: 4364: 4356: 4350: 4349: 4342: 4336: 4330: 4320: 4314: 4308: 4302: 4279: 4278:External links 4276: 4273: 4272: 4247: 4222: 4197: 4182: 4135: 4109: 4075: 4017: 3991: 3948: 3935: 3909: 3890: 3876: 3850: 3824: 3809: 3783: 3761: 3737: 3715: 3693: 3668: 3638: 3618: 3598: 3583:(in Swedish). 3568: 3542: 3514: 3502:United Nations 3489: 3463: 3433: 3413: 3387: 3373:on 13 May 2018 3354: 3321: 3298: 3276: 3252: 3226: 3213: 3195: 3180: 3158: 3133: 3114: 3088: 3056: 3030: 3004: 2985: 2948: 2918: 2886: 2861: 2834: 2811: 2774: 2757:www.unicef.org 2743: 2726:www.mfa.gov.az 2703: 2677: 2659: 2634: 2608: 2582: 2552: 2526: 2499: 2480:(1): 133–144. 2461: 2441: 2410: 2398: 2379: 2358: 2331: 2304: 2272: 2247: 2220: 2193: 2166: 2135: 2116:UNICEF (ed.). 2108: 2078: 2051: 2015: 1979: 1934: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1813:Child advocacy 1810: 1805: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1778: 1775: 1714: 1711: 1626:Main article: 1623: 1620: 1610: 1607: 1577: 1574: 1557: 1554: 1535: 1534:United Kingdom 1532: 1526: 1523: 1513: 1510: 1485: 1482: 1464: 1461: 1417: 1414: 1396: 1393: 1387: 1384: 1361: 1358: 1337: 1334: 1315: 1312: 1286: 1283: 1220: 1217: 1212: 1209: 1195: 1192: 1177:United Kingdom 1121:of the child. 1119:best interests 1098: 1095: 1008:United Nations 1002: 1001: 999: 998: 991: 984: 976: 973: 972: 970: 969: 957: 946: 943: 942: 939: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 896:Libertarianism 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 871:Egalitarianism 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 833: 828: 822: 819: 818: 815: 814: 811: 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 764: 761: 760: 757: 756: 753: 752: 747: 742: 737: 735:The Youth Cafe 732: 727: 722: 717: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 672: 667: 662: 657: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 624: 619: 613: 610: 609: 606: 605: 602: 601: 596: 591: 589:Youth politics 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 564:Status offense 561: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 521: 516: 506: 501: 499:Juvenile court 496: 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 460: 459: 454: 449: 439: 434: 429: 427:Child marriage 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 392:Age of consent 389: 384: 378: 375: 374: 371: 370: 367: 366: 361: 359:Youth suffrage 356: 351: 346: 341: 339:Youth activism 336: 331: 326: 321: 316: 311: 306: 305: 304: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 264: 259: 253: 250: 249: 246: 245: 242: 241: 234: 229: 222: 217: 210: 205: 198: 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 165: 162: 161: 158: 157: 147: 146: 131: 130: 126: 125: 122: 118: 117: 112: 108: 107: 97: 93: 92: 89: 85: 84: 81: 77: 76: 73: 69: 68: 65: 61: 60: 57: 53: 52: 45: 39: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8590: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 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8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7431: 7428: 7427: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7395:Open adoption 7393: 7391: 7388: 7386: 7383: 7381: 7378: 7376: 7375:Child neglect 7373: 7371: 7368: 7366: 7363: 7362: 7360: 7356: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7299: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7209:Hidden camera 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7186: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7143: 7140: 7139: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7132:Child custody 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7109: 7107: 7103: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7046:Nursery rhyme 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7036:Kangaroo care 7034: 7032: 7031:Infant crying 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6967: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6945:Preterm birth 6943: 6939: 6936: 6935: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6838:Breastfeeding 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6798: 6793: 6791: 6786: 6784: 6779: 6778: 6775: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6725: 6722: 6718: 6717: 6711: 6707: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6681: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6641: 6639: 6635: 6632: 6631: 6630: 6627: 6626: 6623: 6619: 6614: 6610: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6536: 6533: 6529: 6528: 6522: 6518: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6475: 6472: 6469: 6466: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6428: 6425: 6421: 6416: 6412: 6408: 6401: 6396: 6394: 6389: 6387: 6382: 6381: 6378: 6366: 6363: 6362: 6359: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6337: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 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