320:
154:
363:
347:
20:
304:
335:
280:
257:
28:
292:
253:, to take the horses down from the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel and return them to St Mark's in Venice. For the skillful manner in which he performed this work, the Emperor gave him a gold snuff box with his initials in diamonds on the lid.
195:
forces in 1204. That same year, the collars on the four horses were added to obscure where the animals' heads had been severed to allow them to be transported from
Constantinople to Venice. Shortly after the Fourth Crusade,
267:
The horses remained in place over St Mark's until the early 1980s, when damage from air pollution led them to be removed and put on display inside the basilica. They were replaced on the loggia with replicas.
95:
in 1797 but were returned in 1815. The sculptures have been removed from the facade and placed in the interior of St Mark's for conservation purposes, with replicas in their position on the loggia.
583:
959:
319:
118:
In light of their short backs and long legs, it has been argued that they were originally situated above the eye line, probably created to top a
971:
576:
141:. The relatively low tin content increased the casting temperature to 1200–1300 °C. The copper was chosen to give a more satisfactory
1045:
1010:
111:
in Rome (c. 175 AD). But some say the evident technical expertise and naturalistic rendering of the animals suggest they were made in
569:
346:
362:
303:
1050:
1030:
1015:
1020:
108:
1055:
825:
437:
223:
153:
133:
Analysis suggests that the sculptures are at least 96.67% copper, and therefore should be viewed not as made from
1040:
683:
661:
504:
394:
250:
179:
88:
1025:
733:
800:
794:
790:
561:
231:
166:
830:
334:
310:
1035:
107:. Many scholars believe they were sculpted in the 2nd or 3rd century AD, noting similarities to the
723:
260:
169:; they may be the "four gilt horses that stand above the Hippodrome" that "came from the island of
927:
759:
456:
Thames and Hudson an
English translation of a 1977 Venetian city government publication, p. 191
279:
165:
The horses, along with the quadriga with which they were depicted, were long displayed at the
937:
851:
804:
652:
353:
208:
76:
496:
942:
875:
713:
627:
219:
8:
881:
861:
856:
774:
708:
637:
104:
947:
907:
897:
846:
291:
246:
241:
In 1815, following the final defeat of
Napoleon, the horses were returned to Venice by
192:
19:
932:
917:
866:
622:
500:
433:
390:
489:
922:
912:
743:
718:
687:
242:
184:
158:
123:
112:
56:
40:
769:
738:
697:
642:
142:
814:
809:
593:
200:
197:
188:
127:
119:
68:
1004:
986:
973:
871:
702:
657:
632:
174:
902:
591:
764:
543:
A History of The
Boissier-Scobell Families" by Henry Boissier, 1933 page 7.
555:
430:
The Horses of St Mark's: A Story of
Triumph in Byzantium, Paris and Venice
607:
249:
and was with the
Coalition forces in Paris where he was selected, by the
667:
612:
326:
407:
728:
647:
256:
235:
212:
92:
64:
27:
122:
or some other grand building. Perhaps commissioned by the
Emperor
126:, they may originally have been made for the Eastern capital of
692:
616:
204:
138:
134:
80:
72:
227:
170:
84:
60:
207:, where they were installed on the terrace of the façade of
488:
23:The original Horses inside the St Mark's Basilica
1002:
532:The Renaissance Discovery of Classical Antiquity
71:). The horses were placed on the facade, on the
408:"The Arrangement of the Tetrarchs and Quadriga"
577:
491:Museum of the Missing: A history of Art Theft
177:" mentioned in the 8th- or early 9th-century
161:, depicting the return of the horses in 1815.
91:in 1204. They remained there until looted by
558:shows the location of the horses until 1204.
230:, where they were used in the design of the
183:. As part of the sack of the capital of the
63:, originally part of a monument depicting a
960:Churches and Monasteries of Constantinople
592:Public spaces and structures of Byzantine
584:
570:
405:
53:Horses of the Hippodrome of Constantinople
157:The Return of the Horses of San Marco by
495:. Sterling Publishing Co,. Inc. p.
255:
152:
26:
18:
427:
1003:
16:Ancient bronze horse statues in Venice
565:
486:
226:from the basilica and carried off to
423:
421:
109:Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius
13:
1046:Works looted by the Fourth Crusade
1011:Hellenistic-style Roman sculptures
958:For churches and monasteries, see
826:Imperial Library of Constantinople
130:, where they were long displayed.
115:of the 5th and 4th centuries BC.
89:sack and looting of Constantinople
14:
1067:
556:Byzantium 1200 Hippodrome Boxes
549:
418:
361:
345:
333:
318:
302:
290:
278:
271:
67:(a four-horse carriage used for
31:The replica Horses of Saint Mark
765:Harbour of Julian/Kontoskalion
684:Great Palace of Constantinople
662:Portrait of the Four Tetrarchs
537:
530:, V., noted by Roberto Weiss,
520:
480:
475:Parastaseis syntomoi chronikai
468:
459:
446:
399:
379:
180:Parastaseis syntomoi chronikai
1:
1051:Art and cultural repatriation
1031:Hellenistic and Roman bronzes
734:Palace of the Porphyrogenitus
373:
1016:Hippodrome of Constantinople
801:Hippodrome of Constantinople
795:University of Constantinople
791:Capitolium of Constantinople
534:(Oxford: Blackwell) 1973:35.
232:Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel
167:Hippodrome of Constantinople
7:
1021:Bronze sculptures in Venice
831:Praetoria of Constantinople
263:of the Horses of Saint Mark
10:
1072:
1056:Animal sculptures in Italy
311:George Owen Wynne Apperley
148:
98:
987:45.4344917°N 12.3393694°E
956:
890:
839:
783:
752:
676:
600:
428:Freeman, Charles (2004).
368:View from below, replicas
103:The sculptures date from
406:Rosenblatt, Tom (2016).
389:, p. 95, Phaidon, 1983,
325:Colorized photograph by
261:Conservation-restoration
928:Cistern of the Hebdomon
454:The Horses of San Marco
387:A Handbook of Roman Art
245:. He had fought at the
992:45.4344917; 12.3393694
760:Harbour of Eleutherios
412:Bowdoin Journal of Art
264:
191:, they were looted by
162:
44:
32:
24:
938:Cistern of Philoxenos
852:Column of Constantine
805:Obelisk of Theodosius
487:Houpt, Simon (2006).
340:Black and white photo
259:
156:
47:), also known as the
30:
22:
1026:Sculptures of horses
943:Cistern of Pulcheria
882:Column of Theodosius
876:Colossus of Barletta
820:Horses of Saint Mark
714:Palace of Blachernae
677:Palaces and mansions
628:Forum of Constantine
385:Henig, Martin (ed),
215:admired them there.
75:above the porch, of
45:Cavalli di San Marco
37:Horses of Saint Mark
983: /
862:Column of Justinian
857:Column of the Goths
775:Prosphorion Harbour
709:Palace of Antiochos
638:Forum of Theodosius
297:Side view, replicas
285:Side view, replicas
203:sent the horses to
105:classical antiquity
1041:St Mark's Basilica
948:Theodosius Cistern
908:Baths of Zeuxippus
898:Aqueduct of Valens
847:Column of Arcadius
432:. Overlook Press.
354:St Mark's Basilica
265:
251:Emperor of Austria
247:Battle of Waterloo
209:St Mark's Basilica
163:
77:St Mark's Basilica
49:Triumphal Quadriga
33:
25:
966:
965:
933:Cistern of Mocius
918:Cistern of Aetius
867:Column of Marcian
724:Palace of Mangana
623:Forum of Arcadius
601:Roads and squares
465:Anon 1979, p. 199
137:but of an impure
1063:
1036:Statues in Italy
998:
997:
995:
994:
993:
988:
984:
981:
980:
979:
976:
923:Cistern of Aspar
913:Basilica Cistern
840:Column monuments
784:Public buildings
744:Prison of Anemas
719:Palace of Lausus
688:Boukoleon Palace
586:
579:
572:
563:
562:
544:
541:
535:
524:
518:
517:
515:
513:
494:
484:
478:
472:
466:
463:
457:
450:
444:
443:
425:
416:
415:
403:
397:
383:
365:
349:
337:
322:
306:
294:
282:
243:Captain Dumaresq
234:together with a
224:forcibly removed
185:Byzantine Empire
159:Vincenzo Chilone
124:Septimus Severus
113:Classical Greece
1071:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1001:
1000:
991:
989:
985:
982:
977:
974:
972:
970:
969:
967:
962:
952:
886:
835:
779:
770:Neorion Harbour
748:
739:Placidia Palace
698:Chrysotriklinos
672:
643:Forum of the Ox
596:
590:
552:
547:
542:
538:
525:
521:
511:
509:
507:
485:
481:
473:
469:
464:
460:
451:
447:
440:
426:
419:
404:
400:
384:
380:
376:
369:
366:
357:
350:
341:
338:
329:
323:
314:
307:
298:
295:
286:
283:
274:
222:had the horses
151:
143:mercury gilding
101:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1069:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
964:
963:
957:
954:
953:
951:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
894:
892:
888:
887:
885:
884:
879:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
843:
841:
837:
836:
834:
833:
828:
823:
817:
815:Walled Obelisk
812:
810:Serpent Column
807:
798:
787:
785:
781:
780:
778:
777:
772:
767:
762:
756:
754:
750:
749:
747:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
700:
695:
690:
680:
678:
674:
673:
671:
670:
665:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
610:
604:
602:
598:
597:
594:Constantinople
589:
588:
581:
574:
566:
560:
559:
551:
550:External links
548:
546:
545:
536:
528:Rerum senilium
519:
505:
479:
467:
458:
445:
439:978-1590202678
438:
417:
398:
377:
375:
372:
371:
370:
367:
360:
358:
351:
344:
342:
339:
332:
330:
324:
317:
315:
308:
301:
299:
296:
289:
287:
284:
277:
273:
270:
201:Enrico Dandolo
189:Fourth Crusade
150:
147:
128:Constantinople
120:triumphal arch
100:
97:
69:chariot racing
57:bronze statues
55:, is a set of
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1068:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1006:
999:
996:
978:12°20′21.73″E
961:
955:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
895:
893:
889:
883:
880:
877:
873:
872:Column of Leo
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
844:
842:
838:
832:
829:
827:
824:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
802:
799:
796:
792:
789:
788:
786:
782:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
757:
755:
751:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
704:
703:Daphne Palace
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
685:
682:
681:
679:
675:
669:
666:
663:
659:
658:Philadelphion
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
618:
614:
611:
609:
606:
605:
603:
599:
595:
587:
582:
580:
575:
573:
568:
567:
564:
557:
554:
553:
540:
533:
529:
523:
508:
502:
498:
493:
492:
483:
476:
471:
462:
455:
449:
441:
435:
431:
424:
422:
413:
409:
402:
396:
392:
388:
382:
378:
364:
359:
355:
348:
343:
336:
331:
328:
321:
316:
312:
305:
300:
293:
288:
281:
276:
275:
272:Image gallery
269:
262:
258:
254:
252:
248:
244:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
199:
194:
190:
186:
182:
181:
176:
175:Theodosius II
172:
168:
160:
155:
146:
144:
140:
136:
131:
129:
125:
121:
116:
114:
110:
106:
96:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
29:
21:
975:45°26′4.17″N
968:
891:Water supply
819:
633:Forum of Leo
539:
531:
527:
522:
512:18 September
510:. Retrieved
490:
482:
474:
470:
461:
453:
448:
429:
411:
401:
386:
381:
309:Painting by
266:
240:
217:
178:
164:
132:
117:
102:
87:, after the
52:
48:
36:
34:
990: /
608:Amastrianum
477:, ch. 84.Th
83:, northern
1005:Categories
903:Ballıgerme
668:Strategion
613:Augustaion
526:Petrarch,
506:1402728298
452:Anon 1979
395:0714822140
374:References
356:, replicas
352:Facade of
327:Carlo Naya
653:Mese Odos
218:In 1797,
211:in 1254.
753:Harbours
729:Magnaura
648:Hebdomon
236:quadriga
220:Napoleon
213:Petrarch
193:Venetian
93:Napoleon
65:quadriga
59:of four
414:: 1–21.
187:in the
149:History
99:Origins
41:Italian
693:Chalke
617:Milion
503:
436:
393:
313:(1905)
205:Venice
173:under
139:copper
135:bronze
81:Venice
73:loggia
61:horses
228:Paris
171:Chios
85:Italy
514:2014
501:ISBN
434:ISBN
391:ISBN
198:Doge
35:The
79:in
51:or
1007::
499:.
497:32
420:^
410:.
238:.
145:.
43::
878:)
874:(
822:)
803:(
797:)
793:(
705:)
686:(
664:)
660:(
619:)
615:(
585:e
578:t
571:v
516:.
442:.
39:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
