795:. "Other rolling toys, such as wheels and hoops, whose motion is kept up by means of continuous striking, offer a very different kind of amusement. The violent running, combining as it does something of the zest of the chase with the pleasure of overcoming a difficulty, forms a delightful compound with the enjoyment of the rolling as such. The Greeks called the hoop trocoVor krikoV. They were rather large, and made of metal studded with tinkling bells and propelled by a metal rod. Ganymede is often represented with such a hoop. The Romans had an extraordinary fondness for this sport, and Ovid, who refers to a teacher of the art of hoop rolling, says in one of his enumerations of the spring games: "Usus equi nunc est, levibus nunc luditur armis, Nunc pila, nunc celeri volvitur orbe trochus." Fouquières cites a passage from Martial about youths rolling hoops on frozen streams.
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reared and plunged, and would have thrown its rider had not his good horsemanship enabled him to keep his seat, and, eventually, to quiet the frightened horse. On another occasion an elderly lady was crossing Davey-street, where three boys were vigorously racing with their hoops, one of which came in contact with the lady's silk dress, and damaged it by a considerable rent. We are not adverse to boyish games or amusements, and as there are numerous quiet localities in the suburbs, but little frequented by passengers, either on horse or foot, the boys ought to be compelled to quiet the public thoroughfares, and to resort to places where no injury could arise from the pursuit of their pastimes. The
Corporation could effect this by a bye-law, and the Police ought to receive strict directions rigidly to enforce it.
319:
86:
311:. Among these are "toll", in which the player has to drive his hoop between two stones placed two to three inches apart without touching either one. Another such game is "turnpike", in which one player drives the hoop between pairs of objects, such as bricks, at first placed so that the opening is about a foot wide, with each gate kept by a different player. After running all the gates, the openings are made smaller by one inch, and the player trundling the hoop runs the course again. The process repeats until he strikes the side of a gate, then he and the turnpike keeper switch places.
20:
148:
171:, this was done so that the tinkling of the rings would warn passers by of the hoop's approach: "Why do these jingling rings move about upon the rolling wheel? In order that the passers-by may get out of the way of the hoop."(14. CLXIX) He also indicates that the metal tires of wooden cart wheels could be used as hoops: "A wheel must be protected. You make me a useful present. It will be a hoop to children, but to me a tyre for my wheel."(14. CLXVIII) Martial also mentions the sport was practised by
237:
342:. Throughout the 1840s, a barrage of denunciations appeared in the papers against "The Hoop Nuisance", in which their iron hoops were blamed for inflicting severe injuries to pedestrians' shins. The London police attempted to eradicate the practice, confiscating the iron hoops of boys and girls trundling them through the streets and parks. That campaign, however, seems to have failed, as it was accompanied by renewed complaints about the increase of the nuisance.
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421:. Though the forms of the game exhibited great variation, generally certain elements were present, namely a prepared terrain over which a disc or hoop was rolled at high speed, at which implements similar to spears were thrown. The game, when played by adults, was often associated with gambling; and quite often, very valuable prizes, such as horses, exchanged hands. The game has been played by tribes such as the
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397:. Girls from four to fourteen could be seen by the hundreds, trundling their hoops across the grass in the London parks. Though held to be common in the early years of the 19th century, the simplicity and innocence of those years was alleged to have been replaced by the 1850s with a precocious maturity, where "Instead of trundling hoops, urchins smoke cigars."
220:'s physician, describes hoop rolling as a form of physical and mental therapy. Antyllus indicates that at first the player should roll the hoop maintaining an upright posture, but after warming up he can begin to jump and run through the hoop. Such exercises, he holds, are best done before a meal or a bath, as with any physical exercise.
1312:
Hansard's parliamentary debates. THIRD SERIES COMMENCING WITH THE ACCESSION OF WILLIAM IV. 27° & 28° VICTORIA, 1864. VOL. CLXXVI. COMPRISING THE PERIOD FROM THE TWENTY-FIRST DAY OF JUNE 1864, TO THE TWENTY-NINTH DAY OF JULY 1864. Parliament, Thomas Curson
Hansard "Street Music (Metropolis) Bill";
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Conflict games such as "hoop battle" or "tournament" can also be played. For this game, boys organise into opposing teams that drive their hoops against each other with the aim of knocking down as many of the opponents' hoops as possible. Only those hoops which fall as a result of a strike by another
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Among the
European settlers, hoop-rolling was a seasonal sport, seeing the greatest activity in the winter. Children, besides rolling the hoops, also tossed them back and forth, catching them on their sticks. In the 1830s, hoop trundling was seen as an activity so characteristic of the young that it
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In the west, around the end of the 19th century, the game was played by boys up to about twelve years of age. Hoops would at times have pairs of tin squares nailed to the inside of the circle, to jingle as the hoop was rolled. Up to a dozen such pairs of rattles might be placed around the rim of the
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The Hoop
Nuisance—The practice pursued by boys in trundling their hoops on the streets and footpaths has become a dangerous nuisance. The other day a gentleman was riding a rather spirited horse in Macquarie-street when a careless urchin drove his hoop against the animal's legs, when it instantly
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was favoured as material for making wooden hoops. In early 20th-century
England, girls played with a wooden hoop driven with a wooden stick, while boys' hoops were made of metal and the sticks were key-shaped and also made of metal. In some locations, hoops with spokes and bells were available in
350:, who blamed the boys for driving iron hoops under horses' legs, with the result that the rider is thrown and very often the horse breaks a leg. Babbage achieved a certain notoriety in this matter, being denounced in debate in Commons in 1864 for "commencing a crusade against the popular game of
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Other writers mocked the complainers as grumblers depriving the "juvenile community" of a healthy and harmless pastime that had been practised for hundreds of years "without any apparent inconvenience to the public at large". The passion for passing laws was ridiculed: "Enact, say our modern
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In the West, the most common materials for the equipment have been wood and metal. Wooden hoops, driven with a stick about one foot long, are struck with the centre of the stick in order to ensure good progress. Metal hoops, instead of being struck, can be guided by a metal hook.
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term for hoop is also "trochus", at times referred to as the "Greek hoop". The stick was known as a "clavis" or "radius", had the shape of a key, and was made of metal with a wooden handle. Roman hoops were fitted with metal rings that slid freely along the rim. According to
77:. The game has exhibited many variations of materials and size of implements and rules of play. It is postulated that its wide distribution is a factor of the rich symbolical possibilities of the game, rather than indicating radial diffusion from a single center of invention.
120:, and were driven with a stick called the "elater". The hoop was sized according to the player, as it had to come up to the level of the chest. Greek vases generally show the elater as a short, straight stick. The sport was regarded as healthful, and was recommended by
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philosophers, enact. Pass statute after statute. Regulate with exquisite minuteness the cries of the baby in the cradle, the laughter of the hoop-trundling boy, the murmurrings of the toothless old man." In the 1860s, the anti-trundling campaign was taken up by
203:
is more specific, putting the sport in the same category with horsemanship, javelin throwing and weapon practice: "Usus equi nunc est, levibus nunc luditur armis, Nunc pila, nunc celeri volvitur orbe trochus." It was also presented as a virtue in the
408:
Another alternate name for hoop rolling is Gird ‘N Cleek. The World Gird ‘N Cleek championships are held annually in New
Galloway, Scotland. Winners include Andrew Firth (1983), Alexander McKenna (2009,2018), Arthur Harfield (2019). .
190:
The Roman game was to roll the hoop while throwing a spear or stick through it. For Romans, this was more an entertainment and military development, not a philosophical activity. Several ancient sources praise the sport. According to
480:. Hoop driving was also seen as a remedy for the sedentary and overprotected lives led by many American girls of the mid-19th century. The game was popular with both girls and boys: in an 1898 survey of 1000 boys and 1000 girls in
315:
hoop are counted out. In some parts of
England, boys played a similar game called "encounters", where two boys would drive their hoops against each other, with the one whose hoop was left standing being declared the winner.
1326:
69:
A version of hoop rolling played as a target game is encountered as an ancient tradition among aboriginal peoples in many parts of the world. The game, known as hoop-and-pole, is ubiquitous throughout most of Africa.
1566:
Early
Western Travels, 1748–1846, Vol. 14: A Series of Annotated Reprints of Some of the Best and Rarest Contemporary Volumes of Travel; Part I of James's Account of S. H. Long's Expedition, 1819–1820 (Classic
329:
The "hoop hunt" is yet another game, in which one or more hoops are allowed to roll down a hill, with the double aim of rolling as far as possible and then of locating the hoop wherever it may have ended up.
1821:
Wisconsin journal of education, Volume 1 By
Wisconsin. Dept. of Public Instruction, Wisconsin Education Association Council, Wisconsin Teachers' Association, Wisconsin Education Association; p. 52; 1857
386:
enjoyed trundling hoops after their lectures. The practice, however, was brought to an end sometime before 1816, by means of a statute that forbade
Masters of Arts to roll hoops or play marbles.
299:
hoop. Some preferred the ashen hoops, round on the outside and flat on the inside, to the ones made of iron, as the latter could break windows and hurt the legs of the passers by and horses.
338:
In England, children are known to have played the game as early as the 15th century. By the late 18th century, boys driving hoops in the London streets had become a nuisance, according to
307:
Among the games played with the hoops—besides simply trundling them, which is a matter of driving them forward while keeping them upright—are hoop races, as well as games of
444:
players divide into two groups. While the first group rolls the hoops—a large and a small one—the players in the other group attempt to throw spears through the hoops. The
1726:
97:, and the prop was also used for tumbling and dance with different techniques. Although a popular form of recreation, hoop rolling was not featured in competition at the
468:
youth played hoop and arrow games "to become skillful at bringing down small game for the village" in early spring, when the men were gone in search of large game.
46:
along the ground, generally by means of an object wielded by the player. The aim of the game is to keep the hoop upright for long periods of time, or to do various
57:, it is an ancient tradition widely dispersed among different societies. In Asia, the earliest records date from Ancient China, and in Europe from Ancient Greece.
511:, the Hoop Rolling Contest is an annual spring tradition that dates back to 1895, and is only open to graduating seniors on that college's May Day celebration.
436:
Since hoop and stick involves spear throwing, it is thought to predate the introduction of the bow and arrow that took place around 500 AD. In the
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A great number of widely separated Native American peoples play or played an ancient target-shooting version of hoop rolling currently known as
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Men and manners in Britain: or, A bone to gnaw for the Trollopes, Fidlers, &c. being notes from a journal, on sea and on land, in 1833-4
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208:, which enjoin youth to "Trocho lude; aleam fuge" ("Play with the hoop, flee the dice"). A 2nd-century medical text by
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162:, circa 100-300 AD, the Romans learned hoop driving from the Greeks and generally held the sport in high regard. The
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Every boy's book of games, sports, and diversions, or The school-boy's manual of amusement, instruction and health
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By the early 19th century, the game was already part of the standard physical education of girls, together with
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In English the sport is known by several names, "hoop and stick", "bowling hoops", or "gird and cleek" in
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Studien über die innern Zustände, das Volksleben und insbesondere die ländlichen Einrichtungen Russlands
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375:, boys trundling hoops were blamed for endangering men riding horses and women's silk dresses, and the
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settler community. Christian missionaries encountered it there in the 19th century. Children in late
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vase paintings from the 5th century BCE. Images of the hoop are sometimes presented in the context of
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The hoop thus held symbolic meanings in Greek myth and culture. Hoop driving is an attribute of
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The Boy's Treasury of Sports, Pastimes, and Recreations: With Nearly Four Hundred Engravings
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1303:. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press; Piscataway, N.J. : IEEE Press. p. 360
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Hoop rolling has been documented since antiquity in Africa, Asia and Europe. Played as a
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Ancient Greeks referred to the hoop as the "trochus". Hoop rolling was practiced in the
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604:
460:, children would play the game by throwing a feathered stick through the rolling hoop.
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The ash is familiar to us, bent into trundling hoops, and measures for dry commodities
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for strengthening weak constitutions. Even very young children would play with hoops.
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newspaper called for their banishment to the suburbs by law and police attention.
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region in the 18th century, it was widespread and known as "takersia". Canadian
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1734:(Revised 2013 ed.). Montana Office of Public Instruction. Archived from
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The capital of the tycoon: a narrative of a three years' residence in Japan
755:
566:"Streets & People of Abidjan. IVORY COAST (Côte d'Ivoire). West Africa"
390:
265:
Early 19th-century travellers saw children playing with hoops over much of
159:
1120:
The Boy's Own Book: A Complete Encyclopedia of All the Diversions Athletic
484:, both the girls and the boys named hoop and stick their favorite toy. In
2100:
2078:
2051:
1026:
The Great Plateau of Northern Rhodesia, Being Some Impressions of the ...
236:
121:
708:"Hippocrates recommended playing with a hoop as a cure for weak people"
627:
O. F. Raum (1953). "The rolling target (hoop-and-pole) game in Africa".
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whose members mimicked children's activities in order to gain access to
2378:
2319:
2083:
784:
437:
285:
172:
1782:
Women in Early America: Struggle, Survival, and Freedom in a New World
371:
The fuss over boys playing with hoops reached around the globe—in the
187:, which was large enough to accommodate a wide variety of activities.
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1995:
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Es waren allerliebste kleine blonde Buben, die mit dem Reife spielten
530:
457:
394:
213:
151:
A boy playing with hoops, depicted in the 6th-century mosaics of the
918:
The etymological compendium, or, Portfolio of origins and inventions
2314:
2274:
2266:
2073:
2015:
1990:
1930:
1724:
1684:
Pawnee, Blackfoot, and Cheyenne: History and Folklore of the Plains
1548:
Travels in North America: including a summer residence with the ...
1496:
1133:
The Corner cupboard, by the ed. of "Enquire within Upon Everything"
1005:
August Franz L.M. Haxthausen; August Franz L.M. Haxthausen (1847).
473:
445:
401:
357:
292:
281:
273:
209:
183:, one of the popular Roman venues for practising the sport was the
73:
In the Americas, it has been played by a great number of unrelated
2329:
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2112:
525:
520:
448:
named two months of the year after the game: January is known as
422:
418:
351:
254:
200:
168:
43:
1468:
1204:
A Dictionary of Victorian London: An A-Z of the Great Metropolis
2341:
2144:
1830:
599:
597:
477:
376:
280:
plateau circa the 1910s. Not long after, it is recorded in the
266:
192:
180:
176:
117:
109:
1701:
To Live and Die in the West: The American Indian Wars, 1860–90
2385:
1627:
Monterey in 1786: The Journals of Jean François de la Pérouse
838:
Empire of Pleasures: Luxury and Indulgence in the Roman World
441:
163:
1280:
William Scott; Francis Garden; James Bowling Mozley (1821).
810:
Encyclopædia of antiquities: and elements of archaeology ...
594:
1860:
Some American Trees: An intimate study of native Ohio trees
1510:
1448:
Christopher Romaunt (10 January 1852). "Boyhood as it Is".
485:
228:
In China, the game may well go back to 1000 BC or further.
196:
113:
1160:
Chamber's Journal of Popular Literature, Science, and Arts
791:, translated by Elizabeth L. Baldwin. New York: Appleton:
787:(1901) "Playful Use of the Motor Apparatus". Chapter 2 in
699:. Cambridge, Mass., Lombard & Caustic, Printers. p. 50
1862:. New York: The Macmillan Company. pp. xviii + 398.
1335:. Vol. II, no. 197. August 18, 1858. p. 3
888:
742:
The history of the manners and customs of ancient Greece
23:
Canadian boys bowling bicycle rim hoops in Toronto, 1922
1697:
295:, where the gird is the hoop and the cleek, the stick.
1834:
Daily Life in the Industrial United States, 1870–1900
1929:
1677:
1559:
1286:. Vol. 3. F.C. & J. Rivington. p. 200.
590:
from the original on 2021-12-13 – via YouTube.
572:
from the original on 2021-12-13 – via YouTube.
1597:
Games of the North American Indians: Games of skill
1447:
868:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 458, note 5.
382:Not only schoolboys, but even graduate students at
1512:
1053:"They also delight in rolling the hoop", p. 69 in
1728:Indian Education for All – Traditional Games Unit
813:. Vol. 2. N3. London : M. A. Nattali. p. 619
709:
2451:
405:stores, but they were often disdained by boys .
1778:
496:was particularly valued for making hoop-poles.
1426:
1102:Cassell's Complete Book of Sports and Pastimes
452:, "Hoop-and-stick game moon", and February as
1915:
1590:
1227:
1081:
861:
142:
1082:Layne Cameron (June 1994). "Bowling hoops".
865:The Book of Acts in Its Graeco-Roman Setting
834:
754:
670:Athletics and Literature in the Roman Empire
456:, "Big hoop-and-stick game moon". Among the
195:, hoop driving was one of the manly sports.
1837:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 126.
1657:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 181.
1650:
1622:Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse
1477:. Vol. 51. Littell, Son. p. 479.
1469:Eliakim Littell; Robert S. Littell (1856).
1361:
1237:. Cambridge University Press. p. 105.
1200:
716:. Vol. 1. Analytic Press. p. 97.
673:. Cambridge University Press. p. 281.
666:
655:A dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities
175:boys, who rolled their hoops on the frozen
1922:
1908:
1492:"Scottish Alternative Games Facebook Page"
965:Justin Corfield (2009) "Ancient China" in
626:
240:Dutch children rolling hoops, depicted in
89:A Greek youth depicted playing with a hoop
1725:International Traditional Games Society.
1157:William Chambers, Robert Chambers (1864)
696:Athletics and Games of the Ancient Greeks
1857:
1851:
1805:"The Fanatics in New York" (1832). From
1519:. University of Nebraska Press. p.
891:The Sociology of Sports: An Introduction
356:
317:
288:Japan also were known to play the game.
253:
235:
146:
84:
18:
1761:(1910), Vols. 14–15. Nabu Press p. 350
1301:Passages from the life of a philosopher
967:Encyclopedia of Play in Today's Society
912:
910:
764:. Oxford University Press. p. 48.
713:Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Art: PPA
2452:
1831:Julie Husband; Jim O'Loughlin (2004).
1600:. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 463–.
1511:Lynette Perry; Manny Skolnick (1999).
1113:
1111:
1903:
1704:. Taylor & Francis. p. 109.
745:. Volume 1. London, J. Murray. p. 148
2475:Physical activity and dexterity toys
1369:, eds. (2013). "Essay on Triposes".
907:
584:"Central African Republic Vlog #018"
1123:. Vizetelly, Branston and Co. p. 28
1108:
1038:Robert Benjamin Ageh Wellesley Cole
1011:. Vol. 1, Part 2. p. 20.
995:. Paris: Lefèvre et Ledentu. p. 120
13:
1698:Jason Hook; Martin Pegler (2001).
1570:. Fb &C Limited. p. 294.
554:. J.P. Hill. 1848. pp. 14–15.
137:ancient Greek pederastic tradition
14:
2516:
1550:Vol. 2. London, R. Bentley. p. 19
889:Tim Delaney, Tim Madigan (2009).
841:. Psychology Press. p. 212.
472:was adopted by a fanatic sect in
333:
272:The game was a common pastime of
259:Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil
80:
2050:
1654:Sports and Games of the Ancients
1173:The Pictorial History of England
657:. Little, Brown, and Co. p. 1168
276:village children of the African
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1630:. Heyday. p. 96, note 24.
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212:, preserved in an anthology of
1072:. New York: Bradley Co. p. 281
987:François-René de Chateaubriand
969:By Rodney P. Carlisle; p. 24.
702:
687:
660:
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576:
558:
542:
400:In the mid-19th century, bent
261:holding a stick and hoop, 1846
153:Great Palace of Constantinople
1:
1858:Werthner, William B. (1935).
1345:National Library of Australia
1332:The Hobart Town Daily Mercury
1207:. Anthem Press. p. 122.
1201:Lee Jackson (1 August 2006).
1066:Sir Rutherford Alcock (1863)
667:Jason König (21 April 2005).
536:
354:and the trundling of hoops".
1885:. Cornell University Press.
1515:Keeper of the Delaware Dolls
1433:. Wiley & Long. p.
1383:10.1017/CBO9781139566100.010
862:Gempf, Conrad (1 May 1994).
322:Boy playing hoop rolling in
223:
7:
1875:
1259:"An Englishman's Privilege"
953:
941:
929:
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514:
10:
2521:
1869:
1283:The Christian Remembrancer
710:Mary Mathews Gedo (1985).
412:
143:Ancient Rome and Byzantium
64:
2495:Children's street culture
2394:
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2178:
2059:
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1941:
1807:The North American Review
1785:. ABC-CLIO. p. 175.
1234:London Chartism 1838–1848
1148:. London: Grieves. p. 18.
1044:. University Press. p. 54
1024:Cullen Gouldsbury (1911)
893:. McFarland. p. 43.
641:10.1080/00020185308706913
1882:Sport in Greece and Rome
1779:Dorothy A. Mays (2004).
1687:. Scribner. p. 175.
1105:(1896). Cassell. p. 237.
693:Edward M Plummer (1856)
302:
108:, were probably made of
34:, is both a sport and a
16:Sport and a child's game
2470:Games of physical skill
1544:Charles Augustus Murray
1427:Grant Thorburn (1834).
1411:New American Cyclopedia
1055:The Gospel in all lands
916:William Pulleyn (1830)
737:James Augustus St. John
603:Andrew McFarland Davis
1327:"General Intelligence"
1117:William Clarke (1829)
805:Thomas Dudley Fosbroke
368:
326:
262:
251:
155:
99:major sports festivals
90:
75:Native American tribes
24:
2465:Girls' toys and games
1371:The Classical Journal
1144:John Kendrick (1852)
835:Andrew Dalby (2002).
653:William Smith (1859)
586:. November 23, 2018.
366:Pierre-Auguste Renoir
360:
321:
257:
239:
150:
88:
22:
2490:Ancient Roman sports
2485:Ancient Greek sports
2460:Boys' toys and games
2191:Juggling Conventions
2032:Rubenstein's Revenge
1877:Harold Arthur Harris
1679:George Bird Grinnell
1651:Steve Craig (2002).
1561:Reuben Gold Thwaites
1367:Barker, Edmund Henry
761:The Ancient Olympics
568:. February 5, 2012.
179:river. According to
131:, often depicted on
2424:Rhythmic gymnastics
1935:object manipulation
1363:Valpy, Abraham John
1231:(10 October 2002).
1177:George Lillie Craik
1028:. E. Arnold. p. 273
104:Hoops, also called
1809:. March 26, 1899,
1759:American Education
1563:(7 October 2016).
1451:The Literary World
1263:Chambers's Journal
1185:Charles MacFarlane
992:Voyage en Amérique
488:, the wood of the
373:Colony of Tasmania
369:
327:
263:
252:
156:
91:
25:
2447:
2446:
2300:Coin manipulation
1844:978-0-313-32302-7
1792:978-1-85109-429-5
1711:978-1-57958-370-5
1664:978-0-313-31600-5
1637:978-0-930588-39-7
1577:978-1-333-88063-7
1530:978-0-8032-8759-4
1475:The Living Age ..
1244:978-0-521-89364-0
1214:978-0-85728-711-3
1189:Harriet Martineau
920:. T. Tegg. p. 139
900:978-0-7864-4169-3
875:978-0-8028-4847-5
848:978-0-415-28073-0
771:978-0-19-280604-8
723:978-0-88163-030-5
680:978-0-521-83845-0
505:Wellesley College
501:Bryn Mawr College
454:Mak ok sey' i shi
450:Ok sey' e shi his
433:and many others.
244:'s 1560 painting
38:in which a large
2512:
2480:Traditional toys
2325:Flair bartending
2305:Contact juggling
2054:
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1917:
1910:
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1896:
1879:(January 1972).
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1471:"Timber-Bending"
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592:
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580:
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562:
556:
555:
546:
362:Girl with a Hoop
247:Children's Games
206:Distichs of Cato
2520:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2511:
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2223:Combat juggling
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1297:Charles Babbage
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789:The Play of Man
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629:African Studies
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492:Ulmus americana
466:Pend d'Oreilles
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348:Charles Babbage
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2285:Baton twirling
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2157:
2155:Plate spinning
2152:
2147:
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2137:
2132:
2130:Flagging dance
2127:
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2105:
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1181:Charles Knight
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635:(3): 104–121.
619:
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490:American elm (
414:
411:
335:
334:British Empire
332:
304:
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242:Pieter Bruegel
233:
230:
225:
222:
218:Emperor Julian
185:Campus Martius
144:
141:
82:
81:Ancient Greece
79:
66:
63:
32:hoop trundling
30:, also called
15:
9:
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2440:
2439:World records
2437:
2435:
2432:
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2427:
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2422:
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2412:Ancient China
2410:
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2301:
2298:
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2293:
2291:
2290:Chinese yo-yo
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2280:Alaskan yo-yo
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2247:Renegade show
2245:
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2238:
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2236:
2233:
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2135:Flag throwing
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1894:
1892:0-8014-0718-4
1888:
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1874:
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1741:on 2013-10-29
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1607:0-8032-6356-2
1603:
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1592:Stewart Culin
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1417:
1413:
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1407:
1406:George Ripley
1402:
1394:
1392:9781139566100
1388:
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1358:
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1229:David Goodway
1224:
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1063:
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1014:
1010:
1009:
1001:
994:
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988:
983:
976:
972:
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962:
956:, pp. 133 ff.
955:
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943:
938:
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885:
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871:
867:
866:
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850:
844:
840:
839:
831:
825:, pp. 136–137
824:
819:
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786:
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676:
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671:
663:
656:
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642:
638:
634:
630:
623:
616:
612:
609:. pp. 44–56.
608:
607:
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579:
571:
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561:
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552:
545:
541:
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529:
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518:
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483:
482:Massachusetts
479:
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469:
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349:
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340:Joseph Strutt
331:
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96:
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78:
76:
71:
62:
58:
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49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
21:
2357:Pen spinning
2352:Keepie uppie
2335:Hoop rolling
2334:
2310:Devil sticks
2218:Competitions
2170:Trick roping
2108:Cup-and-ball
1881:
1859:
1853:
1833:
1826:
1817:
1806:
1801:
1781:
1774:
1758:
1754:
1743:. Retrieved
1736:the original
1727:
1720:
1700:
1693:
1683:
1673:
1653:
1646:
1626:
1616:
1596:
1586:
1565:
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1449:
1443:
1429:
1422:
1409:
1401:
1374:
1370:
1357:
1348:
1343:– via
1337:. Retrieved
1330:
1321:
1308:
1292:
1282:
1275:
1269:: 353. 1844.
1266:
1262:
1253:
1233:
1223:
1203:
1196:
1175:vol. 2, by
1172:
1168:
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1128:
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1101:
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1083:
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884:
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857:
837:
830:
818:
809:
800:
788:
780:
760:
756:Nigel Spivey
750:
741:
732:
712:
704:
695:
689:
669:
662:
649:
632:
628:
622:
606:Indian Games
605:
578:
560:
550:
544:
498:
491:
470:
453:
449:
435:
416:
407:
399:
391:jumping rope
388:
381:
370:
361:
344:
337:
328:
313:
306:
297:
290:
271:
269:and beyond.
264:
246:
232:Modern usage
227:
189:
160:Roman Empire
157:
126:
105:
103:
92:
72:
68:
59:
52:
36:child's game
31:
28:Hoop rolling
27:
26:
2500:Wooden toys
2295:Chinese top
2125:Fingerboard
2101:Indian club
2079:Bouncy ball
2001:Mills' Mess
1500:. May 2020.
158:During the
122:Hippocrates
55:target game
2505:Metal toys
2454:Categories
2379:Rattleback
2320:Fire staff
2084:Hacky sack
1767:1179099036
1745:2013-10-27
1414:, Vol. 8.
1084:Child Life
975:1412966701
793:pp. 74–121
785:Karl Groos
615:1595406042
537:References
438:California
364:(1885) by
286:Edo period
278:Tanganyika
2120:Fan dance
2091:Cigar box
2006:Multiplex
1996:Jollyball
1458:(257): 5.
1377:: 83–90.
531:Hula hoop
458:Blackfeet
395:dumbbells
384:Cambridge
309:dexterity
274:Tanzanian
224:East Asia
214:Oribasius
173:Sarmatian
95:gymnasium
2419:Jugglers
2315:Fire fan
2275:Astrojax
2267:twirling
2074:Bean bag
2016:Siteswap
2011:Notation
1991:Joggling
1981:Fountain
1943:Patterns
1931:Juggling
1681:(1961).
1624:(1989).
1594:(1992).
1567:Reprint)
1497:Facebook
1191:; p. 263
1163:. p. 503
1090:(4): 24.
944:, p. 136
932:, p. 135
758:(2005).
588:Archived
570:Archived
515:See also
474:Kentucky
446:Cheyenne
293:Scotland
282:Freetown
210:Antyllus
129:Ganymede
2407:History
2402:Culture
2330:Hooping
2262:Balance
2113:Kendama
2027:Passing
1971:Columns
1961:Cascade
1870:Sources
1546:(1839)
1408:(1858)
1339:May 27,
1299:(1864)
1135:. p. 56
1040:(1960)
989:(1838)
807:(1843)
739:(1878)
526:Hooping
521:Chunkey
423:Arapaho
419:Chunkey
413:America
352:tip-cat
201:Tristia
199:in his
169:Martial
65:History
2367:tricks
2347:Meteor
2342:Kemari
2240:JISCON
2183:events
2179:Groups
2145:Jianzi
2037:Shower
1986:Havana
1889:
1841:
1789:
1765:
1708:
1661:
1634:
1604:
1574:
1527:
1416:p. 609
1389:
1315:p. 471
1241:
1211:
973:
954:Harris
942:Harris
930:Harris
897:
872:
845:
823:Harris
768:
720:
677:
613:
507:, and
478:heaven
462:Salish
431:Pawnee
429:, the
425:, the
377:Hobart
267:Europe
193:Horace
181:Strabo
177:Danube
118:copper
110:bronze
106:krikoi
48:tricks
44:rolled
2434:Terms
2429:Robot
2395:Other
2386:Yo-yo
2196:BACAF
2165:Torch
2150:Knife
2061:Props
1976:Flash
1948:forms
1811:p. 23
1739:(PDF)
1732:(PDF)
442:Inuit
427:Omaha
303:Games
164:Latin
133:Greek
116:, or
2265:and
2181:and
2160:Ring
2096:Club
2069:Ball
2042:Toss
2020:list
1966:Claw
1946:and
1933:and
1887:ISBN
1839:ISBN
1787:ISBN
1763:ISBN
1706:ISBN
1659:ISBN
1632:ISBN
1602:ISBN
1572:ISBN
1525:ISBN
1387:ISBN
1341:2021
1313:V4,
1239:ISBN
1209:ISBN
971:ISBN
895:ISBN
870:ISBN
843:ISBN
766:ISBN
718:ISBN
675:ISBN
611:ISBN
486:Ohio
464:and
393:and
197:Ovid
114:iron
40:hoop
2374:Top
2362:Poi
2252:WJF
2235:JIS
2230:IJA
2211:IJC
2206:EJC
2201:BJC
2140:Hat
1956:Box
1379:doi
1375:XXV
637:doi
499:At
402:ash
324:DRC
42:is
2456::
2018::
1523:.
1521:82
1494:.
1473:.
1456:10
1454:.
1435:37
1385:.
1373:.
1365:;
1347:.
1329:.
1267:49
1265:.
1261:.
1187:,
1183:,
1179:,
1110:^
1088:73
1086:.
909:^
633:12
631:.
596:^
503:,
216:,
139:.
112:,
101:.
50:.
1923:e
1916:t
1909:v
1895:.
1847:.
1795:.
1769:.
1748:.
1714:.
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1640:.
1610:.
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1395:.
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903:.
878:.
851:.
774:.
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643:.
639::
617:.
494:)
250:.
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