318:
249:
3458:
472:
3469:
867:
854:
844:
355:
Ven. Ho has done for her cause over the years, she well deserves to be recognized as a formidable role model for both young and old
Singaporeans ... My wife and I wish Ven. Ho a Very Happy Birthday – good health and happiness, and thank her for her valuable contributions to the community. We also wish the Man Fut Tong Nursing Home every success in serving the sick and needy elderly in Singapore.
411:
486:
314:, and day-care services. The home is open to all regardless of age, gender, race or religion. It regularly organises in-house activities such as cooking, hand-craft, karaoke, and games, as well as visits to places of interest and participation in various community events. The original home is now a Buddhist temple, the Lin Chee Cheng Sia Temple.
257:
savings, and turned it into the Man Fut Tong Old
Peoples' Home for aged sick and single elderly women. Most of the twenty or so residents had neither enough earnings to support themselves nor any relatives to turn to. To raise additional funds for the home, she cultivated and sold prize-winning white orchids at
388:
On 22 January 2006, 20 chartered buses took more than 1,000 mourners – devotees, her godchildren, scores of wheelchair-bound residents, representatives from various
Buddhist temples, and well-wishers – to Tse Tho Aum Buddhist Temple in Sin Ming Drive for the final prayers and cremation. The
204:
persuaded her and several other girls to emigrate to
Singapore, ostensibly to work on a rubber plantation, but the job did not materialise. At the age of 21, alone and penniless, she married the owner of a grocery business. When the business failed, they left for Hong Kong, hoping for better fortune.
364:
On 11 January 2006, Venerable Ho died peacefully in her sleep at the Man Fut Tong
Nursing Home, at about 9:30 pm, just one month before turning 98. Until being hospitalised in November 2005, she had cooked for and looked after herself and played an active role in running both the temple and the
365:
nursing home. During her hospital stay, she suffered a stroke, which affected her speech and paralysed the left side of her body. Discharged in
December 2005, she was recuperating well at the nursing home until she developed a chest infection and breathing difficulties a few days before she died.
354:
This Man Fut Tong
Nursing Home Charity Dinner event marks the 96th Lunar Birthday of Ven. Ho Yuen Hoe. More importantly, it reflects what Ven. Ho has done over many years to look after the needy sick and distressed elderly, irrespective of their race, language or religion. As we look back at what
256:
A devout
Buddhist from youth, once her children had grown up Ho decided to serve the Buddhist cause, and to dedicate the rest of her life to caring for others. In 1958, she became a Buddhist nun at the age of 50. In 1969, aged 61, Ho bought a two-storey detached house in Richards Avenue with her
200:, China, the second of three children. Her family was poor, and she was sold when she was five years old. Barely two years later, the spinster who had purchased her died, and Ho was sold by the woman's nephew, to become a maid. After a few years she was sold again. In her late teens, a group of
280:
I used to feed the old folks at some of the homes, and it would sadden me to see them so yellow and sallow. One of them told me, they would go in 'vertical' and probably exit 'horizontal'. I might be illiterate but I wanted to give back to society. I didn't want to sit around and wait to die.
240:. Although illiterate, she made some property investments and eventually became a landlord, renting out rooms. As her wealth grew, she acquired more properties, and she began to adopt children from poor families, becoming a single mother of six daughters and twenty-five godchildren.
384:
mayor Teo Ho Pin. Temple officials said she left instructions for S$ 100,000 to be distributed equally to 10 charities. She had purchased a simple coffin 10 years before her death, and she had also set aside S$ 10,000 to pay for her funeral.
285:
Inspired by
Venerable Ho's devotion and compassion, volunteers and donations began to stream in, allowing the home to provide better medical care and facilities for its residents. Spurred on by the desire to do even more, she approached the
187:
in recognition of her contribution to the country. Until her hospitalisation in
November 2005 she was actively involved in charity work. Venerable Ho died on 11 January 2006, a month before what would have been her 98th birthday.
434:, the 138-page book was written by Dr Uma Rajan, the home's executive director. Five hundred hardcover copies of the book have been printed to raise funds for the Home, which costs S$ 4.5 million a year to run.
399:) displayed were crystalline or pearl-like deposits found in Venerable Ho's ashes. Buddhists believe these are usually found in cremated Buddhist masters, are holy, and treat them with reverence.
209:, but after discovering that her husband had another wife and children she decided to return to Singapore alone, vowing never to remarry. At about that same time, she became a vegetarian.
393:
province in China, where her niece lives. As a follow-up to her funeral, her remains and personal items were put on one-day public display at her temple on 26 February 2006. The relics (
368:
After her death, President S R Nathan sent a wreath of roses, chrysanthemums and orchids. Several government ministers attended her wake, including Senior Minister of State for Health
335:
in 2004, she said: "Everything in life is transient. Only charity is real and enduring. When you give, you receive. Charity is the best antidote for bad karma."
276:– at the age of 88. As a result, the public learned more about her and her nursing home. When asked why she had set up an old folks' home, Venerable Ho replied:
402:
Since Venerable Ho's death, her work at the temple and nursing home has been administered by Reverend Seck Cheng Charn and Reverend Tang Wai Sum respectively.
310:
66,667). In August 2001, the new four-storey building was opened at Woodlands Street 82. It houses nearly 235 sick and elderly and provides residential,
1608:
2523:
998:
346:
donated S$ 75,000 to the Man Fut Tong Nursing Home in 2004, which was raised through ticket sales for a charity draw. On 11 February 2004, President
3509:
2527:
269:. She cleaned, cooked, took her charges to the doctors, helped them to collect their social benefits and even sometimes saw to their last rites.
2751:
167:
affectionately known as Singapore's "grand dame of charity" in recognition of her lifelong devotion in helping the old and needy. She was the
806:
325:
Despite her advancing age, Venerable Ho continued to raise funds to provide better medical care, and she set up committees to help organise
968:
437:
A bronze sculpture by sculptor Chern Lian Shan, and a portrait of Venerable Ho by artist Marcus Lim were also unveiled at the event, by
1076:
811:
833:
298:, on which she oversaw the building of a new home. To help in raising funds for its construction, she published a recipe book called
3529:
216:
with only a comb, a stool, and a kerosene lamp. She worked from 8 am to 3 am, charging five cents to comb hair or weave
3343:
2795:
2998:
978:
179:– at the age of 88. As a result, the public became more familiar with her work and her nursing home. In 2001, she received the
441:. Both the sculpture and the painting are now on display at the Woodlands home. A new hybrid orchid, created from the orchids
228:. She did that every day for almost three decades, interrupted only by periods when she was incapacitated by acute attacks of
3539:
3514:
1161:
1003:
3549:
3544:
3519:
3338:
700:
171:
of Lin Chee Cheng Sia Temple and the founder in 1969 of the Man Fut Tong Nursing Home, the first Buddhist nursing home.
3504:
3235:
2785:
880:
1081:
622:
3328:
658:
3013:
2758:
556:
252:
The Lin Chee Cheng Sia Temple at Richards Avenue was formerly the Man Fut Tong Old Peoples' Home from 1969 to 2000
3405:
3395:
1224:
3534:
3524:
3350:
3003:
2805:
2696:
2641:
1214:
389:
abbess' ashes were kept for 100 days at her temple, before making their way to her final resting place in
291:
143:
113:
3320:
3018:
2701:
993:
826:
381:
350:, attended her birthday-cum-charity dinner and gave a speech in tribute of her contributions to the country:
135:
105:
272:
Venerable Ho's work was unknown to the public until 1996, when she was featured in a television programme –
2903:
2775:
2746:
2448:
2594:
2503:
1973:
1618:
1131:
1026:
2138:
3443:
2923:
2399:
1885:
1008:
841:
427:
2333:
175:
Ho was relatively unknown to the public until 1996, when she was featured in a television programme –
3333:
3146:
3136:
3008:
1991:
1571:
1332:
1307:
338:
She was not only successful in raising funds, but she also secured donations in kind and services. A
1357:
329:
classes for children and secure donations for various Buddhist causes. During an interview given to
130:; 18 February 1908 – 11 January 2006), later in life but rarely known by her Dharma name, Venerable
3438:
2790:
2604:
2582:
2575:
2478:
2011:
1631:
1447:
1392:
1013:
819:
449:'Lim Hepa', was also officially named 'Venerable Ho Yuen Hoe' and presented by Mrs. S. R. Nathan.
3375:
3355:
2686:
2666:
2423:
2153:
1397:
453:
287:
180:
92:
3385:
3225:
2893:
2863:
2636:
2587:
2428:
2376:
2371:
2133:
1954:
1851:
1603:
1598:
1347:
184:
1715:
317:
248:
3390:
3360:
2941:
2873:
2706:
2621:
2616:
2540:
2535:
2453:
983:
2006:
3499:
3494:
3413:
3380:
3365:
2883:
2780:
2726:
2611:
2550:
2518:
2513:
2498:
2483:
2473:
2438:
2351:
2043:
1966:
1269:
1209:
958:
925:
875:
295:
262:
213:
172:
168:
68:
3253:
1868:
1737:
1663:
1539:
1277:
587:
Wong Kim Hoh, Tania Tan (13 January 2006). "Abbess who devoted her life to charity dies".
8:
3220:
3099:
2933:
2908:
2898:
2858:
2835:
2718:
2691:
2651:
2570:
2560:
2488:
2415:
1846:
1703:
1484:
1462:
1414:
1234:
1034:
890:
870:
438:
1194:
1121:
3283:
3188:
3030:
2993:
2988:
2918:
2868:
2815:
2810:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2661:
2646:
2631:
2626:
2565:
2545:
2508:
2433:
2238:
1939:
1863:
1741:
1683:
1524:
1424:
1352:
1327:
973:
903:
3082:
232:. She scrimped and saved, and by the time she was in her 40s, she had enough to buy a
3461:
3423:
3119:
3104:
3067:
3052:
2825:
2741:
2656:
2493:
2458:
2443:
2170:
2160:
1841:
1688:
1673:
1544:
1467:
1387:
1322:
1254:
1141:
898:
769:
751:
736:
685:
644:
618:
588:
539:
419:
331:
266:
221:
2405:
1199:
1099:
3109:
3062:
3057:
2913:
2878:
2853:
2848:
2599:
2555:
2468:
2143:
1799:
1792:
1576:
1566:
1452:
1116:
988:
491:
477:
457:
373:
369:
311:
201:
2188:
3473:
3418:
3370:
3298:
3168:
2966:
2946:
2888:
2800:
2463:
2361:
2208:
1944:
1927:
1912:
1890:
1442:
1312:
1146:
1126:
519:
321:
The Man Fut Tong Nursing Home at Woodlands Street 82, photographed September 2007
2218:
1372:
1362:
3428:
3131:
2981:
2763:
2343:
2323:
2243:
1932:
1922:
1856:
1693:
1179:
1042:
509:
418:
A pictorial book chronicling Venerable Ho's life, written in both English and
3488:
3198:
3047:
2356:
2258:
2116:
1917:
1895:
1831:
1502:
1297:
1292:
1184:
853:
735:
Yap, Su-Yin (23 January 2006). "Tearful send-off for grand dame of charity".
704:
1656:
1646:
1018:
3288:
3273:
3243:
3193:
3183:
3025:
2820:
2313:
2148:
2026:
1814:
1809:
1636:
1507:
1382:
843:
377:
225:
212:
In 1936, with the help of a friend, the then 28-year-old Ho set up shop in
50:
2071:
2056:
2016:
1713:
1377:
953:
3258:
3087:
2228:
2213:
1996:
1804:
1732:
1512:
1342:
1244:
1091:
963:
662:
538:"Headliners: Venerable Ho Yuen Hoe — Singapore's grand dame of charity".
237:
196:
Ho Yuen Hoe was born on 18 February 1908, to a family of silk weavers in
3248:
1708:
3203:
3161:
3037:
2843:
2768:
2382:
2366:
2328:
2308:
2203:
2178:
2086:
2021:
2001:
1747:
1678:
1549:
1432:
1402:
1337:
1287:
945:
935:
908:
560:
504:
347:
2223:
1219:
3178:
3151:
2318:
2193:
1905:
1821:
1698:
1588:
1561:
1554:
1517:
1474:
1437:
1204:
1169:
1136:
1111:
1066:
514:
499:
233:
229:
197:
164:
80:
46:
2951:
1787:
1641:
1407:
1189:
1058:
1050:
3468:
3308:
3263:
3208:
3173:
3077:
2736:
2303:
2298:
2248:
2183:
2101:
2066:
2061:
1722:
1593:
1581:
1492:
1151:
848:
414:
An oil painting of Venerable Ho by Marcus Lim (Size: 100 cm x 75cm)
390:
161:
2293:
2283:
2268:
2091:
1961:
1229:
3213:
3156:
3141:
2288:
2278:
2253:
2128:
2123:
2081:
2051:
1983:
1949:
1836:
1777:
1772:
1626:
1529:
1367:
1317:
1104:
930:
258:
1900:
1668:
372:, Minister of State for Community Development, Youth and Sports
3293:
3278:
3114:
2976:
2956:
2731:
2393:
2273:
2263:
2198:
1826:
1782:
1767:
1757:
1727:
1651:
1534:
1302:
1174:
918:
913:
395:
326:
151:
121:
410:
3433:
3268:
3126:
3092:
3072:
3042:
2971:
2388:
2233:
2111:
2106:
2076:
2031:
1878:
1873:
1752:
1457:
1282:
1249:
1239:
643:
Wong, Kim Hoh (29 February 2004). "Faith, hope and charity".
339:
217:
206:
3303:
2096:
1762:
1259:
2961:
1497:
801:
376:, Minister of State for Education and Trade and Industry
307:
303:
586:
290:
for a piece of land to expand her old folks' home. The
467:
617:. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish. pp. 16–18.
294:gave her a 5,000-square-metre (1.2-acre) plot in
3486:
763:
761:
615:A Life Less Ordinary—The Grace of An Earth Angel
827:
758:
684:"In Short—Charity Donates $ 75,000 To Home".
1609:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
703:. Man Fut Tong Nursing Home. Archived from
661:. Man Fut Tong Nursing Home. Archived from
559:. Man Fut Tong Nursing Home. Archived from
834:
820:
701:"President's Message to Ven Ho Yuen Hoe"
409:
316:
247:
3510:Singaporean people of Cantonese descent
2796:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
638:
636:
634:
582:
580:
578:
3487:
2999:List of Buddhist architecture in China
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
424:Remembering Venerable Ho Charity Lunch
815:
785:
768:"Book launched in honour of abbess".
750:"Remains of late abbess on display".
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
551:
549:
642:
631:
612:
575:
302:in 1998, which brought in more than
734:
595:
456:from President S. R. Nathan at the
452:In 2001, Venerable Ho received the
13:
2786:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
779:
719:
698:
546:
205:Ho became a hairdresser in nearby
14:
3561:
802:Man Fut Tong Nursing Home website
795:
3467:
3457:
3456:
3014:Thai temple art and architecture
2759:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
999:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
865:
852:
842:
484:
470:
405:
3530:Chinese vegetarianism activists
866:
807:Book review—"A Life For Others"
743:
243:
3004:Japanese Buddhist architecture
2806:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
1886:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
1077:Places where the Buddha stayed
692:
677:
651:
531:
156:
147:
139:
126:
117:
109:
1:
3019:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
525:
382:Community Development Council
191:
3540:20th-century philanthropists
2776:Buddhism and the Roman world
2752:Decline of Buddhism in India
2747:History of Buddhism in India
847: Topics in
344:Shree Gniananda Seva Samajam
7:
3515:Singaporean philanthropists
1974:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
1714:
463:
430:on 28 January 2007. Called
300:Top 100 Vegetarian Delights
10:
3566:
3550:21st-century Buddhist nuns
3545:20th-century Buddhist nuns
3520:Singaporean social workers
2924:The unanswerable questions
790:. Singapore: Man Fut Tong.
3505:Singaporean Buddhist nuns
3452:
3404:
3319:
3234:
3009:Buddhist temples in Korea
2932:
2834:
2717:
2414:
2342:
2169:
2042:
1982:
1617:
1572:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
1483:
1475:Three planes of existence
1423:
1268:
1160:
1090:
1082:Buddha in world religions
944:
889:
861:
261:, and vegetarian food at
88:
76:
57:
32:
23:
2791:Persecution of Buddhists
2012:Four stages of awakening
1393:Three marks of existence
979:Physical characteristics
359:
274:The Extraordinary People
177:The Extraordinary People
2154:Ten principal disciples
1037:(aunt, adoptive mother)
557:"Our Founder—A Tribute"
93:Pingat Bakti Masyarakat
2864:Buddhism and democracy
2377:Tibetan Buddhist canon
2372:Chinese Buddhist canon
1604:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
1599:Early Buddhist schools
786:Rajan, Dr Uma (2007).
613:Wong, Kim Hoh (2005).
439:President S. R. Nathan
428:Meritus Mandarin Hotel
415:
357:
322:
283:
253:
185:President of Singapore
3535:People from Guangzhou
3525:Chinese Buddhist nuns
2874:Eight Consciousnesses
984:Life of Buddha in art
413:
352:
320:
278:
251:
25:Venerable Ho Yuen Hoe
3351:East Asian religions
2781:Buddhism in the West
2352:Early Buddhist texts
1967:Four Right Exertions
1433:Ten spiritual realms
926:Noble Eightfold Path
688:. 27 September 2004.
454:Public Service Medal
422:was launched at the
263:Kong Meng San Temple
181:Public Service Award
3474:Religion portal
3221:Temple of the Tooth
3100:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
2139:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
1632:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
1415:Two truths doctrine
1235:Mahapajapati Gotamī
1035:Mahapajapati Gotamī
754:. 24 February 2006.
144:traditional Chinese
114:traditional Chinese
3396:Western philosophy
2994:Dzong architecture
2816:Vipassana movement
2811:Buddhist modernism
2239:Emperor Wen of Sui
2007:Pratyekabuddhayāna
1940:Threefold Training
1742:Vipassana movement
1458:Hungry Ghost realm
1278:Avidyā (Ignorance)
1225:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
974:Great Renunciation
969:Eight Great Events
851:
772:. 29 January 2007.
542:. 15 January 2006.
416:
323:
292:Ministry of Health
254:
136:simplified Chinese
106:simplified Chinese
3482:
3481:
3120:Om mani padme hum
2826:Women in Buddhism
2742:Buddhist councils
2612:Western countries
2400:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
2161:Shaolin Monastery
1738:Samatha-vipassanā
1348:Pratītyasamutpāda
1152:Metteyya/Maitreya
1070:
1062:
1054:
1046:
1038:
1030:
1022:
899:Four Noble Truths
788:A Life For Others
770:The Straits Times
752:The Straits Times
737:The Straits Times
707:on 5 January 2009
686:The Straits Times
665:on 26 August 2007
645:The Straits Times
589:The Straits Times
563:on 26 August 2007
540:The Straits Times
432:A Life For Others
332:The Straits Times
99:
98:
3557:
3472:
3471:
3460:
3459:
3299:Sacred languages
3147:Maya Devi Temple
3110:Mahabodhi Temple
2914:Secular Buddhism
2879:Engaged Buddhism
1719:
1567:Tibetan Buddhism
1518:Vietnamese Thiền
1117:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
1068:
1060:
1052:
1044:
1036:
1028:
1020:
869:
868:
856:
846:
836:
829:
822:
813:
812:
791:
774:
773:
765:
756:
755:
747:
741:
740:
732:
717:
716:
714:
712:
696:
690:
689:
681:
675:
674:
672:
670:
655:
649:
648:
640:
629:
628:
610:
593:
592:
584:
573:
572:
570:
568:
553:
544:
543:
535:
494:
492:Biography portal
489:
488:
487:
480:
478:Singapore portal
475:
474:
473:
380:, and Northwest
374:Yu-Foo Yee Shoon
370:Balaji Sadasivan
158:
149:
141:
128:
119:
111:
64:
43:18 February 1908
42:
40:
21:
20:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3466:
3448:
3400:
3315:
3230:
2967:Ordination hall
2928:
2830:
2801:Buddhist crisis
2713:
2410:
2362:Mahayana sutras
2338:
2334:Thích Nhất Hạnh
2165:
2038:
1978:
1928:Bodhisattva vow
1613:
1479:
1419:
1378:Taṇhā (Craving)
1313:Five hindrances
1264:
1156:
1086:
940:
885:
857:
840:
798:
782:
780:Further reading
777:
767:
766:
759:
749:
748:
744:
733:
720:
710:
708:
697:
693:
683:
682:
678:
668:
666:
659:"Our Residents"
657:
656:
652:
641:
632:
625:
611:
596:
585:
576:
566:
564:
555:
554:
547:
537:
536:
532:
528:
520:Teresa Hsu Chih
490:
485:
483:
476:
471:
469:
466:
408:
362:
246:
194:
83:
72:
66:
62:
61:11 January 2006
53:
44:
38:
36:
28:
26:
17:
16:Singaporean nun
12:
11:
5:
3563:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3464:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3240:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3031:Greco-Buddhist
3023:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2982:Burmese pagoda
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2938:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2764:Greco-Buddhism
2761:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2697:United Kingdom
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2642:Czech Republic
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2521:
2516:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2420:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2406:Abhidharmadīpa
2403:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2324:B. R. Ambedkar
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2244:Songtsen Gampo
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1923:Eight precepts
1920:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1711:
1701:
1696:
1694:Five Strengths
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1559:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1489:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1333:Mental factors
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1274:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1185:Mahamoggallāna
1182:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1100:Avalokiteśvara
1096:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1064:
1056:
1048:
1040:
1032:
1024:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
950:
948:
942:
941:
939:
938:
933:
928:
923:
922:
921:
916:
911:
901:
895:
893:
887:
886:
884:
883:
878:
873:
862:
859:
858:
839:
838:
831:
824:
816:
810:
809:
804:
797:
796:External links
794:
793:
792:
781:
778:
776:
775:
757:
742:
718:
699:Nathan, S. R.
691:
676:
650:
630:
623:
594:
574:
545:
529:
527:
524:
523:
522:
517:
512:
510:Lee Choon Seng
507:
502:
496:
495:
481:
465:
462:
407:
404:
361:
358:
312:rehabilitation
245:
242:
193:
190:
97:
96:
90:
86:
85:
78:
74:
73:
67:
65:(aged 97)
59:
55:
54:
45:
34:
30:
29:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3562:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3463:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3236:Miscellaneous
3233:
3227:
3226:Vegetarianism
3224:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3048:Buddha in art
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2702:United States
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2259:Padmasambhava
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2171:Major figures
2168:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2117:Western tulku
2115:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1918:Five precepts
1916:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1896:Dhamma vicaya
1894:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:Buddhābhiṣeka
1662:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1308:Enlightenment
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1298:Dhamma theory
1296:
1294:
1293:Buddha-nature
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1132:Samantabhadra
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1063:
1057:
1055:
1049:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
951:
949:
947:
943:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
905:
902:
900:
897:
896:
894:
892:
888:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
864:
863:
860:
855:
850:
845:
837:
832:
830:
825:
823:
818:
817:
814:
808:
805:
803:
800:
799:
789:
784:
783:
771:
764:
762:
753:
746:
738:
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
706:
702:
695:
687:
680:
664:
660:
654:
646:
639:
637:
635:
626:
624:981-261-206-8
620:
616:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
599:
590:
583:
581:
579:
562:
558:
552:
550:
541:
534:
530:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
493:
482:
479:
468:
461:
459:
455:
450:
448:
445:'Ekapol' and
444:
440:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
412:
406:Commemoration
403:
400:
398:
397:
392:
386:
383:
379:
375:
371:
366:
356:
351:
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
333:
328:
319:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
282:
277:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
250:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
220:and buns for
219:
215:
210:
208:
203:
199:
189:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
163:
159:
157:Jìngrùn Fǎshī
153:
145:
137:
133:
129:
123:
115:
107:
103:
94:
91:
87:
82:
79:
77:Occupation(s)
75:
70:
60:
56:
52:
48:
35:
31:
22:
19:
3414:Bodhisattvas
3334:Christianity
3329:Baháʼí Faith
3194:Dharmachakra
3184:Prayer wheel
3174:Prayer beads
2942:Architecture
2821:969 Movement
2605:Saudi Arabia
2583:Central Asia
2576:South Africa
2398:
2381:
2314:Panchen Lama
2219:Buddhapālita
1815:Satipatthana
1810:Mindful Yoga
1723:Recollection
1637:Brahmavihara
1508:Japanese Zen
1503:Chinese Chan
1463:Animal realm
1270:Key concepts
1092:Bodhisattvas
904:Three Jewels
787:
745:
709:. Retrieved
705:the original
694:
679:
669:26 September
667:. Retrieved
663:the original
653:
614:
567:26 September
565:. Retrieved
561:the original
533:
451:
446:
442:
436:
431:
426:held at the
423:
417:
401:
394:
387:
378:Chan Soo Sen
367:
363:
353:
343:
337:
330:
324:
299:
284:
279:
273:
271:
255:
244:Charity work
226:Samsui women
211:
195:
176:
155:
131:
125:
101:
100:
84:Humanitarian
63:(2006-01-11)
18:
3500:2006 deaths
3495:1908 births
3259:Dharma talk
3088:Asalha Puja
2884:Eschatology
2687:Switzerland
2667:New Zealand
2595:Middle East
2504:Philippines
2424:Afghanistan
2229:Bodhidharma
2214:Buddhaghosa
2134:Householder
2044:Monasticism
1997:Bodhisattva
1852:Prostration
1805:Mindfulness
1733:Anapanasati
1716:Kammaṭṭhāna
1513:Korean Seon
1453:Asura realm
1448:Human realm
1388:Ten Fetters
1343:Parinirvana
1245:Uppalavanna
1210:Mahākaccana
1195:Mahākassapa
1127:Kṣitigarbha
1122:Ākāśagarbha
1019:Suddhodāna
964:Four sights
891:Foundations
238:Club Street
102:Ho Yuen Hoe
71:, Singapore
3489:Categories
3376:Psychology
3356:Gnosticism
3344:Comparison
3339:Influences
3321:Comparison
3204:Bhavacakra
3162:Kushinagar
3137:Pilgrimage
3083:Māgha Pūjā
3038:Bodhi Tree
2854:Buddhology
2844:Abhidharma
2836:Philosophy
2769:Menander I
2637:Costa Rica
2588:Uzbekistan
2429:Bangladesh
2383:Dhammapada
2367:Pali Canon
2329:Ajahn Chah
2309:Dalai Lama
2209:Kumārajīva
2204:Vasubandhu
2179:The Buddha
2087:Zen master
2022:Sakadagami
2002:Buddhahood
1933:Pratimokṣa
1748:Shikantaza
1704:Meditation
1679:Deity yoga
1550:Madhyamaka
1443:Deva realm
1338:Mindstream
1288:Bodhicitta
1200:Aṅgulimāla
1067:Devadatta
1043:Yaśodharā
946:The Buddha
936:Middle Way
526:References
505:Hong Choon
447:Dendrobium
443:Dendrobium
348:S R Nathan
288:government
202:snakeheads
192:Early life
39:1908-02-18
27:何润好 (净润法师)
3444:Festivals
3424:Buddhists
3386:Theosophy
3189:Symbolism
3179:Hama yumi
3152:Bodh Gaya
2919:Socialism
2894:Evolution
2869:Economics
2707:Venezuela
2622:Australia
2617:Argentina
2541:Sri Lanka
2536:Singapore
2454:Indonesia
2416:Countries
2357:Tripiṭaka
2319:Ajahn Mun
2194:Nagarjuna
2189:Aśvaghoṣa
2072:Anagārika
2067:Śrāmaṇerī
2062:Śrāmaṇera
2057:Bhikkhunī
2017:Sotāpanna
1906:Passaddhi
1847:Offerings
1822:Nekkhamma
1699:Iddhipada
1619:Practices
1589:Theravada
1562:Vajrayana
1555:Yogachara
1525:Pure Land
1438:Six Paths
1425:Cosmology
1205:Anuruddha
1180:Sāriputta
1170:Kaundinya
1162:Disciples
1137:Vajrapāṇi
989:Footprint
954:Tathāgata
515:Cheng Yen
500:Zhuan Dao
342:charity,
306:100,000 (
296:Woodlands
234:shophouse
230:arthritis
214:Chinatown
198:Guangzhou
183:from the
173:Venerable
160:), was a
127:Hé Rùnhǎo
81:Bhikkhuni
69:Woodlands
47:Guangzhou
3462:Category
3391:Violence
3361:Hinduism
3309:Sanskrit
3264:Hinayana
3249:Amitābha
3209:Swastika
3078:Uposatha
3068:Holidays
3053:Calendar
2899:Humanism
2737:Kanishka
2727:Timeline
2551:Thailand
2519:Kalmykia
2514:Buryatia
2499:Pakistan
2484:Mongolia
2479:Maldives
2474:Malaysia
2439:Cambodia
2304:Shamarpa
2299:Nichiren
2249:Xuanzang
2184:Nagasena
2102:Rinpoche
1832:Pāramitā
1674:Devotion
1594:Navayana
1582:Dzogchen
1545:Nichiren
1493:Mahayana
1485:Branches
1363:Saṅkhāra
1112:Mañjuśrī
1069:(cousin)
1061:(cousin)
1029:(mother)
1021:(father)
1009:Miracles
959:Birthday
876:Glossary
849:Buddhism
711:24 April
464:See also
420:Mandarin
391:Zhejiang
162:Buddhist
132:Jing Run
3439:Temples
3419:Buddhas
3381:Science
3371:Judaism
3366:Jainism
3284:Lineage
3244:Abhijñā
3214:Thangka
3157:Sarnath
3142:Lumbini
3063:Funeral
3058:Cuisine
2934:Culture
2909:Reality
2859:Creator
2849:Atomism
2719:History
2692:Ukraine
2652:Germany
2571:Senegal
2561:Vietnam
2489:Myanmar
2289:Shinran
2279:Karmapa
2254:Shandao
2224:Dignāga
2149:Śrāvaka
2129:Donchee
2124:Kappiya
2082:Sayadaw
2052:Bhikkhu
2027:Anāgāmi
1984:Nirvana
1950:Samadhi
1837:Paritta
1778:Tonglen
1773:Mandala
1728:Smarana
1709:Mantras
1657:Upekkha
1627:Bhavana
1577:Shingon
1530:Tiantai
1383:Tathātā
1373:Śūnyatā
1368:Skandha
1358:Saṃsāra
1353:Rebirth
1328:Kleshas
1318:Indriya
1220:Subhūti
1105:Guanyin
1059:Ānanda
1051:Rāhula
931:Nirvana
871:Outline
396:Sariras
259:Tanglin
3434:Sutras
3429:Suttas
3294:Siddhi
3279:Koliya
3254:Brahmā
3169:Poetry
3115:Mantra
3105:Kasaya
2977:Pagoda
2957:Kyaung
2952:Vihāra
2947:Temple
2889:Ethics
2732:Ashoka
2682:Sweden
2677:Poland
2672:Norway
2662:Mexico
2647:France
2632:Canada
2627:Brazil
2566:Africa
2546:Taiwan
2509:Russia
2434:Bhutan
2394:Vinaya
2274:Naropa
2264:Saraha
2199:Asanga
1955:Prajñā
1864:Refuge
1827:Nianfo
1788:Tertön
1783:Tantra
1768:Ganana
1758:Tukdam
1684:Dhyāna
1652:Mudita
1647:Karuṇā
1540:Risshū
1535:Huayan
1468:Naraka
1408:Anattā
1403:Dukkha
1398:Anicca
1303:Dharma
1255:Channa
1190:Ānanda
1175:Assaji
1142:Skanda
1045:(wife)
1014:Family
994:Relics
919:Sangha
914:Dharma
909:Buddha
621:
458:Istana
327:Dharma
267:Bishan
218:plaits
169:abbess
154::
152:pinyin
146::
138::
124::
122:pinyin
116::
108::
95:(2004)
89:Awards
3406:Lists
3274:Kalpa
3269:Iddhi
3132:Music
3127:Mudra
3093:Vassa
3073:Vesak
3043:Budai
2989:Candi
2972:Stupa
2904:Logic
2657:Italy
2556:Tibet
2494:Nepal
2464:Korea
2459:Japan
2449:India
2444:China
2389:Sutra
2344:Texts
2294:Dōgen
2284:Hōnen
2269:Atiśa
2234:Zhiyi
2144:Achar
2112:Tulku
2107:Geshe
2092:Rōshi
2077:Ajahn
2032:Arhat
1992:Bodhi
1962:Vīrya
1879:Sacca
1874:Satya
1869:Sādhu
1857:Music
1800:Merit
1793:Terma
1753:Zazen
1689:Faith
1642:Mettā
1323:Karma
1283:Bardo
1250:Asita
1240:Khema
1230:Upāli
1215:Nanda
1053:(son)
1027:Māyā
1004:Films
881:Index
360:Death
340:Hindu
222:amahs
207:Macau
51:China
3304:Pāḷi
3289:Māra
3199:Flag
2600:Iran
2524:Tuva
2469:Laos
2097:Lama
1945:Śīla
1913:Śīla
1901:Pīti
1891:Sati
1842:Puja
1763:Koan
1669:Dāna
1260:Yasa
1147:Tārā
713:2012
671:2007
619:ISBN
569:2007
224:and
148:淨潤法師
140:净润法师
58:Died
33:Born
3026:Art
2962:Wat
1498:Zen
308:U$
304:S$
265:in
236:in
165:nun
118:何潤好
110:何润好
3491::
2528:ru
760:^
721:^
633:^
597:^
577:^
548:^
460:.
150:;
142:;
120:;
112:;
49:,
2530:)
2526:(
1744:)
1740:(
835:e
828:t
821:v
739:.
715:.
673:.
647:.
627:.
591:.
571:.
134:(
104:(
41:)
37:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
