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66:
97:
737:
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184:"Brotherly Assistance." The emissaries from the Land of Israel continued to arrive in Arta in the 19th century on their way to Corfu and Italy, intervened in community matters, and strengthened its agreements and regulations through their rulings. The Turkish-Greek War disrupted the economic situation in the region, and towards the end of the century, there was a migration of Jews mainly to North America.
22:
332:
in the city were: the Mizan family, the Nissim Mionis family, the Bassos and
Talenia Sabas family, the Moussis family, the Issi and Solomon Chatzis family. Additional family names that were typical of the Jews of Arta: Badola, Bili, Baruch, Barzilai, Bracha, Gabi, Grigo, Doili, Zafarna, Marato, Papo, Philosof, Frishko, Tsuri, Catalano, Kalio, Russo (Rosho), Romano, Matsa, De Mili, Navi, Sosi.
188:
and economic independence and were even appointed to the city council. The Jews of Arta lived in three neighborhoods: the
Tsimenta neighborhood, the Ochtos neighborhood, which had a school, and the Roloi neighborhood, which had two synagogues - the old synagogue and the new synagogue, which also had a
313:
The Jewish cemetery was located on
Peranthi hill. The way to it was difficult, and they had to carry the deceased by hand. There was a section designated for the burial of rabbis, and the fence around it was built with funds from the estate of Yitzhak Susi. In a report written by Kanari Konstandines,
251:
On March 22, 1946, shortly after the end of the war, Arta was visited by Kanari
Konstandines who prepared a report for the Central Committee of Greek Communities. The report stated that there was enormous destruction in the place: the synagogues were destroyed (on the wall of the Poliyzi synagogue he
179:
In the 19th century (1881), the region's control was transferred to the Greeks, the spoken language of the Jews was Judeo-Spanish, and community members spoke it until the
Holocaust. During this period, the "Talmud Torah Society of Our City Arta Yitz" was established, aiming to encourage education in
175:
In the 18th century, the emissaries continued to arrive. One of them, Rabbi Samson Gomez Pato, was murdered. Members of the "Gemilut
Chasadim Society" from Arta went to collect his body and those of his two companions and brought them for burial in the city. Additionally, it is known that a number of
331:
Very few of the Jewish houses survived in the Jewish quarter after the war. Among the houses that remained standing, a fountain and the wall of the
Polizia synagogue remain, located to the left of the Chatzis family house, in an area where new buildings were constructed. Among the families who lived
322:
In front of the fortress walls, a monument was erected in 2000 in memory of the victims and the community that was annihilated. In April 2017, the monument was vandalized with paint, a few days after the community held a ceremony in memory of the Jewish community that existed in Arta before the war.
239:
One of the people who supported the Jews during this difficult time and maintained good relations with them was Bishop
Spyridon Ginakas. When the Germans entered Arta, he approached them with a request to ease the burden on the Jews, but they rejected his request. Following the rejection, he advised
160:
One of the synagogues was the
Pulieza Synagogue, established by the refugee Jews from Apulia and Calabria. This synagogue was added to the Greca Synagogue, established in the 13th century. There were four main congregations in the town, the largest being "Kahal Toshavim," also known as "Grigoush" or
357:
The uniqueness of Greek
Judaism is expressed in the Romaniote ketubot, which have survived in the communities of Arta, Ioannina, and other communities. What is special about these ketubot is that they are rich in motifs with strong colors of blooming and growth, which come to express the joy of the
292:
The Greca (Greca) synagogue, established in the 13th century. In 1941, the city was bombed, and among the ruins was this synagogue, which contained the important library of the place from the 16th century by Benjamin Ze'ev ben Matityas (who was a judge of the Arta court). The ruins of the synagogue
259:
This situation led to the emigration of most of the community members to Israel, the United States and Athens. In 1958, there were about 20 Jews left in Arta, and in 1959 there were no Jews left in Arta – the community was disbanded by government decree published in the Government Gazette on August
187:
At the beginning of the 20th century, Arta had about 100–200 Jewish families. After an appeal by the community president Jacob Ganis and the secretary Victor Elazar, the community received official recognition from the Greek government in 1920. During these years, the Jews enjoyed religious freedom
171:
In the 17th century, many Jews from Arta migrated to Ioannina and other cities to establish Romaniote communities there. The remaining Jewish residents in Arta organized into one community, prayed in the Sephardic rite, and spoke Greek mixed with Italian and Spanish words. Their security situation
223:
In September 1943, the Germans entered Arta, and on March 24, 1944, a Gestapo unit from Agrinio arrived in the city. The Germans demanded and obtained the names and addresses of the Jews from the City Hall. According to the list they had, most of the Jews - 352 people - were arrested. The Germans
255:
Despite the difficult situation of the Jews who returned to the city, efforts were made until 1948 to reorganize the community. The president of the community Raphael Yacouel, Baruch Abraham Baruch who was a teacher and the rest of the community members tried to bring someone from Corfu to fill
358:
wedding. They are rich in selected blessing verses and elements of protection for the couple, and the text in them is unique. The text in these ketubot is written according to the Romaniote tradition, which has preserved the ancient and unique elements in the ketubah text and wedding customs.
183:
In 1880, the society published its regulations in three languages: Hebrew, Italian, and Greek. The president of the association was Yulis Basso (Bisso), his deputy was Jacob Maioni, and the treasurer was M.D. Yohannes. Other associations established at that time were the "Charity Society" and
240:
members of the Jewish community to flee to nearby villages and hide, but only a few responded and escaped. One of his successors, Ignatios III, testified that Spyridon defended the Jews, identified with their vulnerability, and did everything in his power to prevent them from being harmed.
172:
was very poor, and they were in a spiritual and economic decline due to the heavy economic burden imposed by the Sultan. Despite their difficult situation, they made sure to send funds to support the Jewish settlement in the Land of Israel through the emissaries who came to them.
252:
noticed an inscription from March 12, 1882), the Jewish cemetery was destroyed, the shops and houses were not returned to their owners, there was no communal life, religious, administrative and educational institutions were destroyed, and there were no rabbis and teachers.
129:. The number of exiles is unknown, but it is estimated that there were about 120 exiles to Istanbul. The only existing document is a list of waqfs (endowments) from Istanbul from the years 1540 and 1545, indicating that the jizya tax of the Jews was given to the waqfs.
157:(Naples), and Jews from other towns in the Epirus region arrived. The growth of the Jewish population in the city contributed to the construction of several synagogues by the different communities according to their places of origin: Corfu, Sicily, Calabria, and more.
100:
Arte's bridge during the liberation of the city from the Ottomans in 1881. The photo shows Greek soldiers posing together with a number of Greek and Ottoman citizens. In the background, at the opening of the first arch, you can see the Greek army
680:
Il Genio, Israeli Communities in the East in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, Greece, Jerusalem: Ministry of Education, Pedagogical Secretariat, Center for the Integration of the Heritage of Eastern Judaism, Ben Zvi Institute, 2014. p.
340:
The community possessed manuscripts of piyyutim written in Greek or Greek and other languages in Hebrew letters. Additionally, the community members had a tradition of celebrating the holidays in a unique manner, for example, a special
132:
In the 16th century, during the Ottoman Empire, the Jewish community in Arta was considered one of the important, wealthy, and established communities in the Epirus region of Greece and the empire. During this period, refugees from
216:, and relations between the Jewish community and the authorities were good. The Greek population in the city tried to make things easier for them, and life continued as usual for nearly three years, despite being required to wear
296:
The Pulieza (Pulieza) synagogue, established by refugees from Apulia and Calabria. After the war, the synagogue area was divided into three, and only the synagogue wall with a fountain remained, located on private
383:, Israeli Communities in the East in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, Greece, Jerusalem: Ministry of Education, Pedagogical Secretariat, Center for the Integration of the Heritage of Eastern Judaism,
314:
he noted that the Jewish cemetery was completely destroyed, not a single tombstone remained intact, the graves were ruined, and only their remnants were a sign that there had been a Jewish cemetery there.
164:
The refugees from Spain integrated into the various communities. Their customs and culture were according to their previous places of residence, and there were often conflicts and disputes among them.
114:
visited the city and found 100 Jewish families there. It is assumed that Jewish families also lived in Arta in the 14th and 15th centuries and maintained connections with the communities in
840:
168:
Taxes were collectively transferred to the Ottoman authorities and social interactions between Jews and their Muslim and Greek neighbors were rare, limited to economic relations.
531:
Aryeh Weinberger, Every Month in His Month, Volume Issue 178, Jerusalem: Ministry of Education, Division for Torah Culture, Adar A, Adar B-Nisan 5568, pp. 34-33. (in Hebrew)
125:
Arta was conquered in 1449 by the Ottomans, but there is not much information about the early period of the conquest, except for evidence of the expulsion of Jews to
110:
Jews have lived in Arta since the 11th century, during the Byzantine rule, and they concentrated around the synagogue known as "Kehilat Kodesh Toshavim." In 1173,
436:
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After the war, about 50 Jews survived in Arta. 30 returned to the town and about 20 managed to survive because they were hiding in various villages in the area.
372:
43:
1032:
407:
788:
30:
793:
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Esther Benavsa, Aharon Rodrigue, Jews of Spain in the Balkan countries fifteenth-twentieth century, translation: Aya Breuer,
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855:
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After World War I, the Sephardic community in the area had a Jewish elementary school. During these years, the
1080:
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522:, Times, for the Study of Israel's Communities in the East 45, Fall 1991, pp. 155-126, JSTOR 23424976
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228:. From there, on April 2, 1944, they were all transferred to the Haidari transit camp near
8:
1027:
783:
612:
1022:
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region, although it was officially recognized only in 1920. Today there are no Jews in
639:
161:"Corfu." The other communities were: Kahal Sicily, Kahal Calabria, and Kahal Apulia.
65:
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concentrated them in the "Orpheus" cinema along with Jews deported from the town of
941:
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921:
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individual Jews from Arta immigrated to the Land of Israel during this period.
895:
756:
751:
146:
78:
686:
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10, 1959. The synagogue and cemetery were converted to other uses in the town.
1069:
966:
951:
936:
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494:
Bracha Rivlin, Registers of the Communities: Greece, Volume Ten, Jerusalem:
956:
880:
437:"Greek Jewish community honours the Jews of Arta murdered during the Shoah"
408:"The Jewish community of Arta, Greece – fables, memories and the Holocaust"
217:
90:
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In 1940, about 384-400 Jewish residents lived in Arta. The city was under
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the place, but it also accepted members from neighboring settlements.
495:
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remained until the 1950s, and then a park was established in its place.
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Simon Marcus, Arta, Greece, Jewish Virtual Library A Project of Aice
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of the Holy Community of Residents, the oldest from the 11th century.
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729:
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Life and Society in the Arta Community in the Sixteenth Century
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In the year 1679, there was a synagogue called "K.K. Cloriso" (
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82:
342:
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542:"בגיל 94: הלך לעולמו ניצול השואה האחרון ביוון - בחדרי חרדים"
461:"ארטה Arta נקודת עצירה מרהיבה בדרך לצפון יוון - יוון והאיים"
335:
271:
232:, and after a few days, they were sent by train to the
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tradition with traditional songs about the story of
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various administrative roles, but this also failed.
640:"SHORT HISTORY of the JEWISH COMMUNITIES IN GREECE"
1067:
716:
581:"METROPOLITAN OF ARTA, Jewish Museum of Greece"
702:
709:
695:
658:"Holocaust memorials in Greece vandalized"
336:The Musical Tradition of the Jews of Arta
262:
95:
64:
46:of all important aspects of the article.
93:, the community was dissolved in 1959.
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236:. A few young people managed to hide.
81:community and the oldest community in
42:Please consider expanding the lead to
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655:
634:
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272:Central Institutions in the Community
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234:Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp
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498:, 5799 (1998), p. 59. (in Hebrew)
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327:Jewish Families Who Lived in Arta
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613:"ARTA - JewishEncyclopedia.com"
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34:may be too short to adequately
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412:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
204:began to develop in the city.
44:provide an accessible overview
1:
993:Jewish Museum of Thessaloniki
391:
276:
267:Scopa Street where Jews lived
1028:Don Pacifico affair and case
75:The Jewish community in Arta
7:
656:Oster, Marcy (2017-04-10).
518:Leah Bornstein-Makovetsky,
10:
1112:
1086:Jews and Judaism in Greece
983:Holocaust Museum of Greece
617:www.jewishencyclopedia.com
352:
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77:is considered the ancient
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662:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1044:National Union of Greece
465:www.greece-islands.co.il
441:European Jewish Congress
435:II, Dylan (2024-03-27).
1091:The Holocaust in Greece
998:Jewish Museum of Rhodes
988:Jewish Museum of Greece
548:(in Hebrew). 2021-05-30
220:and adhere to curfews.
901:Hebrew Political Union
268:
102:
70:
1096:Romaniote Jews topics
1003:Kehila Kedosha Janina
266:
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68:
1081:Jewish Greek history
906:Maccabi Thessaloniki
373:Zalman Shazar Center
69:Locator map of Arta
1033:1891 riots in Corfu
784:Hellenistic Judaism
1023:Rhodes blood libel
886:Jewish Koine Greek
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244:After World War II
214:Italian occupation
112:Benjamin of Tudela
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385:Ben Zvi Institute
118:in the north and
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942:Mordechai Frizis
891:Yevanic language
834:Internment camps
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583:. Archived from
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218:the yellow badge
202:Zionist movement
196:Between the Wars
79:Romaniote Jewish
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1038:Campbell pogrom
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922:Mary the Jewess
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122:in the south.
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29:This article's
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915:Notable people
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789:Byzantine Jews
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757:Sephardic Jews
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752:Romaniote Jews
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38:the key points
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967:Salamo Arouch
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952:Roza Eskenazi
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947:Raphaël Salem
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937:Gina Bachauer
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927:Sabbatai Zevi
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799:The Holocaust
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587:on 2023-08-27
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318:Commemoration
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1076:Arta, Greece
1014:Antisemitism
962:Albert Cohen
957:Karolos Koun
881:Greek citron
856:Thessaloniki
818:
794:Ottoman Jews
734:
722:
676:
665:. Retrieved
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620:. Retrieved
616:
589:. Retrieved
585:the original
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550:. Retrieved
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416:. Retrieved
414:. 2019-11-09
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309:The Cemetery
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208:World War II
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62:
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31:lead section
812:By location
745:Communities
52:August 2024
1070:Categories
1056:Synagogues
667:2024-06-04
622:2024-06-04
591:2024-06-04
552:2024-06-04
496:Yad Vashem
470:2024-06-04
446:2024-06-04
418:2024-06-03
392:References
277:Synagogues
861:Zakynthos
369:Jerusalem
297:property.
287:synagogue
36:summarize
846:Kastoria
841:Ioannina
381:Il Genio
302:Calabria
281:Source:
155:Campania
147:Calabria
143:Portugal
127:Istanbul
116:Ioannina
85:and the
976:Museums
874:Culture
777:General
768:History
725:Judaism
387:, 2014.
375:, 2001.
353:Ketubot
226:Preveza
120:Lepanto
106:History
851:Rhodes
829:Cyprus
824:Athens
731:Greece
347:Esther
230:Athens
190:mikveh
151:Apulia
139:Sicily
87:Epirus
83:Greece
643:(PDF)
343:Purim
135:Spain
101:camp.
819:Arta
285:The
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