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designed specifically for orienteering, in the 1950s. The
International Orienteering Federation (IOF) was established in 1961 and the first world championships were held in 1966. By 1969, the IOF would represent 16 countries, including the first two non-European member societies representing
70:. The course was long by modern standards, at 19.5 km, on which only three controls were placed. The competition was won by Peder Fossum in a time of 1 hour, 47 minutes, and 7 seconds. The first public orienteering competition in Sweden was held in 1901.
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The first international competition between orienteers of Sweden and Norway was held outside Oslo, Norway, in 1932. By 1934, over a quarter million Swedes were actively participating in the sport, and orienteering had spread to
57:
and meant the crossing of unknown land with the aid of a map and a compass. The competitive sport began when the first competition was held for
Swedish military officers on 28 May 1893 at the yearly games of the
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leader who saw orienteering as an opportunity to interest youth in athletics. The meet was held south of
Stockholm in 1919 and was attended by 220 athletes. Killander is credited with using the
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254:, which 30 years later was the largest orienteering club in the United States. In 1971, a group of orienteers led by members of the then four-year-old Quantico Orienteering Club founded the
319:
Eighty different national orienteering federations are member societies of the IOF today. World championships were held biannually from 1961 to 2003, and are now held every year.
227:, and Asia. This spread was due in part to post-war travel by European orienteers, therefore more military people were using orienteering as part of a training method.
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303:, Sweden, in 1949 that aimed to bring more consistent rules and mapping standards to the sport. The Norwegians and Swedes began producing new multi-color maps with
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The sport gained popularity with the development of more reliable compasses in the 1930s. In 1928, Gunnar
Tillander, a Swedish orienteer, invented a new style of
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continued to develop the rules and principles of the sport, and today is widely regarded throughout
Scandinavia as the "Father of Orienteering".
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296:, which was formed by Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Germany, Finland, Hungary, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and West Germany in 1961.
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128:, Alvin, and Alvar Kjellström, who were selling basic compasses, and the four men modified Tillander's design and would go on to found
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in 1946, had a major influence on the sport there. In 1967, Norwegian Harald Wibye founded the first U.S. orienteering club, the
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31:. Over the course of the late 19th and early 20th century, orienteering emerged first as a military competition in
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and then as a mass participation sport, before becoming a competitive sport with an international governing body.
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was founded in 1967, and the first
Canadian national orienteering championship was held at Gatineau Park in
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which allowed the user to quickly take bearings from a map. Tillander took his design to fellow orienteers
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567:. Vol. 1 (1 ed.). Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, USA: Stackpole Books. pp.
533:. Vol. 1 (1 ed.). Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, USA: Stackpole Books. pp.
400:. Vol. 1 (1 ed.). Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, USA: Stackpole Books. pp.
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102:, from which the word orienteering is derived, in publicity materials for this meet.
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of
Stockholm, Sweden. Then President of the Stockholm Amateur Athletic Association,
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all established national championships. The
Swedish national orienteering society,
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on 31 October 1897, was sponsored by the Tjalve Sports Club and held near
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Eleven countries sent representatives to an international conference in
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the first large scale orienteering meet was organized in 1918 by Major
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Silva Sweden AB and Silva
Production AB Become One Company: History
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Ryan, Rachel
Estrada (September–October 2008). "Lost and Found".
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In North America, the first orienteering event took place in the
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The first international governing body for orienteering was the
176:, the first national orienteering society, was founded in 1936.
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Bjorn Kjellstrom, 84, Orienteer and Inventor of Modern Compass
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In Australia, the first orienteering event was held in 1955.
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Orienteering: The Sport of Navigating with Map & Compass
531:
Orienteering: The Sport of Navigating with Map & Compass
431:. Vol. 1 (1 ed.). The Crowood Press Ltd. pp.
397:
Orienteering: The Sport of Navigating with Map & Compass
369:. Vol. 1 (1 ed.). The Crowood Press Ltd. pp.
338:(in Swedish). Svenska Orienteringsförbundet. Archived from
67:
179:
1123:
596:. Canadian Orienteering Federation. Archived from
459:, Obituaries, The New York Times, 1 September 1995
594:"History of the Canadian Orienteering Federation"
287:
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507:. Wiltshire, England: The Crowood Press Ltd.,
621:. hickoksports.com. 2004-04-18. Archived from
479:19th Hole: The Readers Take Over: Orienteering
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647:. Momentech Software Services. Archived from
62:garrison. The first civilian competition, in
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273:to be held in North America took place at
74:Orienteering as a mass participation sport
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49:The actual term "orienteering" (Swedish:
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252:Delaware Valley Orienteering Association
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53:) was first used in 1886 at the Swedish
672:. International Orienteering Federation
180:Spread beyond Europe after World War II
132:in 1932. In 1933, Silva introduced the
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1211:International Orienteering Federation
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294:International Orienteering Federation
256:United States Orienteering Federation
116:, first introduced in Sweden in 1933.
826:Radio Orienteering in a Compact Area
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643:Dandenong Ranges Orienteering Club.
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23:begins in the late 19th century in
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481:, Sports Illustrated, 3 March 1969
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136:. Until the introduction of the
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505:The Complete Orienteering Manual
428:The Complete Orienteering Manual
366:The Complete Orienteering Manual
269:on August 10, 1968. The only
263:Canadian Orienteering Federation
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816:Amateur radio direction finding
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288:Establishment as a world sport
1:
494:, Press Release 28 April 2000
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174:Svenska Orienteringsförbundet
1390:North American Championships
694:. Vol. 10, no. 5.
7:
750:List of orienteering events
10:
1562:
1546:History of sports by sport
1462:Mountain bike orienteering
1108:WinOL / WinOL II Oriantica
784:Mountain bike orienteering
394:Boga, Steven (1997). "1".
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55:Military Academy Karlberg
27:, where it originated as
1413:Kainuu Orienteering Week
1418:Jan Kjellström Festival
1303:Scoutcraft orienteering
1066:OpenOrienteering Mapper
745:History of orienteering
503:Palmer, Peter (1997).
336:"Historiska milstolpar"
1373:European Championships
1103:Suunnistussimulaattori
670:"National Federations"
645:"Orienteering History"
425:Palmer, Peter (1997).
363:Palmer, Peter (1997).
240:Hanover, New Hampshire
117:
1204:Organisations / lists
561:Boga, Steven (1997).
525:Boga, Steven (1997).
112:
1006:Satellite navigation
859:Mounted orienteering
592:Kirk, Colin (2006).
1488:World Championships
1470:World Championships
1438:World Championships
1335:World Championships
1286:Location-based game
900:Transmitter hunting
477:Kjellström, Björn,
275:Harriman State Park
246:, who moved to the
1480:Trail orienteering
1228:List of orienteers
1141:cardinal direction
844:Canoe orienteering
794:Trail orienteering
271:World Championship
199:. You can help by
160:. The nations of
134:protractor compass
118:
114:Protractor compass
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779:Foot orienteering
759:Sport disciplines
490:Silva Sweden AB,
236:Dartmouth College
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92:Scouting Movement
39:Military exercise
29:military training
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789:Ski orienteering
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197:needs expansion
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122:bearing compass
84:Ernst Killander
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1223:List of clubs
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698:. p. 18.
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651:on 2006-01-08
650:
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625:on 2008-05-22
624:
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600:on 2005-10-27
599:
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578:0-8117-2870-6
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138:thumb compass
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1541:Orienteering
1394:Open events
1319:Competitions
1151:route choice
1117:Fundamentals
890:Fell running
837:Other sports
744:
734:Orienteering
689:
674:. Retrieved
664:
653:. Retrieved
649:the original
638:
627:. Retrieved
623:the original
613:
602:. Retrieved
598:the original
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504:
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344:. Retrieved
340:the original
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221:World War II
218:
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201:adding to it
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173:
154:Soviet Union
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20:orienteering
17:
15:
1520:WikiProject
1368:World Games
1090:Video games
1059:Open-source
1033:Proprietary
1001:Backpacking
305:cartography
150:Switzerland
100:orientering
80:World War I
51:orientering
18:history of
1535:Categories
1383:University
1355:University
1308:wilderness
1291:geocaching
1238:innovators
1233:by country
1156:wayfinding
1136:Navigation
1071:Purple Pen
994:Exceptions
963:protractor
895:Relay race
676:2016-02-16
655:2006-02-19
629:2008-08-31
604:2006-02-22
346:2009-10-26
323:References
219:Following
43:See also:
1452:World Cup
1363:World Cup
1296:poker run
1146:resection
913:Equipment
864:Rogaining
821:Fox Oring
691:AAA World
301:Sandviken
104:Killander
88:Killander
60:Stockholm
1510:Category
1398:O-Ringen
1271:Climbing
1161:waypoint
1025:Software
985:Headlamp
946:Personal
808:governed
771:governed
515:, p. 20.
279:New York
1408:Tiomila
1348:Masters
1281:Hunting
1216:members
1183:walking
1178:running
1011:Whistle
980:Gaiters
953:Compass
873:Related
225:Oceania
162:Finland
158:Hungary
146:Finland
96:Swedish
1444:Junior
1403:Jukola
1341:Junior
1276:Hiking
1188:skiing
1173:hiking
1168:Racing
1045:Condes
932:Course
575:
541:
511:
439:
408:
377:
314:Canada
267:Ottawa
170:Sweden
166:Norway
152:, the
90:was a
64:Norway
25:Sweden
1378:Youth
968:thumb
920:Event
371:18–19
310:Japan
234:, at
126:Björn
98:word
1076:MeOS
1040:OCAD
958:hand
804:IARU
573:ISBN
539:ISBN
509:ISBN
437:ISBN
406:ISBN
375:ISBN
312:and
261:The
168:and
156:and
68:Oslo
16:The
1124:Map
937:Map
767:IOF
569:3–4
527:"1"
238:in
203:.
1537::
571:.
553:^
537:.
529:.
435:.
433:19
404:.
373:.
355:^
316:.
277:,
258:.
164:,
148:,
806:-
769:-
726:e
719:t
712:v
679:.
658:.
632:.
607:.
581:.
547:.
535:2
445:.
414:.
402:1
383:.
349:.
210:)
206:(
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