31:
1807:
1831:
120:
1764:
1819:
595:
152:. It aims to present the history of Switzerland in the form of an encyclopaedia, published both on paper and on the internet, in three of the country's national languages: German, French and Italian. When it was completed at the end of 2014, the paper version contained around 36,000 articles divided into thirteen volumes. At the same time, a reduced edition of the dictionary has been published in
348:
success of this online prototype that the
Foundation Board decided, in autumn 1997, not to release the first paper volume in 1998 as planned, but to change the sequence of publications and start with the website before publishing the first book. This decision also meant that articles already written could be made available more quickly, without the need for alphabetical order.
257:
522:
Marco Jorio headed the company from 1988 to 2014. The company is organized into four language departments, an iconography department, an IT department and an administrative department responsible for secretarial and accounting tasks. This organization is mandated by the DHS Foundation, which in turn
626:
The size of the articles is not fixed and varies, depending on the subject, from a few lines to several pages. The articles in the thirteen volumes are illustrated with historical images from museums, print cabinets and archives, accompanied by captions, maps and charts. These images were collected
518:
The staff who produced the dictionary fall into two categories: the forty or so employees of the foundation in Berne or at the
Bellinzona and Chur branches, the freelance collaborators who include 75 translators, a hundred or so advisors working at various Swiss and foreign universities, as well as
356:
to compensate for the departure of two of the three publishers involved in the project, following a change in their editorial line. This announcement of collaboration, coupled with a 500,000-franc subsidy from the
Federal Council to cover the printing costs of the first ten volumes, meant that the
351:
In 2002, the site had 11300 entries available in at least one of the three languages. The site, which is deliberately sober and devoid of illustrations, cost almost 10000 francs to create and is updated every four weeks. Due to lack of funds, the idea of producing a CD-ROM was abandoned, while the
333:
in 1991, and in parallel with several historical or historiographical publications, such as the six-volume
Schweizer Lexikon (Swiss Lexicon). The following year, the "Foundation Historical Dictionary of Switzerland" was created, with the dual aim of publishing a multi-volume historical dictionary
618:
Before writing the first article, the complete list of entries was defined on the basis of criteria defined in advance. The 36,000 articles fall into four categories: biographies, which account for 35% of the total number of articles; families and genealogy, which make up around 10%; geography
347:
On 4 September 1998, the first 8,000 articles (equivalent to three volumes) of the online edition were presented in three languages to the media in Berne. This free launch had been preceded by the creation of an online prototype in August 1997, accessible only to
Foundation staff. Such was the
638:
and Werner
Bosshard from 1990 to 2014. The illustrations are reproduced in the electronic DHS. The writing of the articles, the inputting of the list of entries and the management of the project itself all make extensive use of computer support. As early as 1992, texts were entered in an
268:
a few years later - were launched with the aim of creating a successor to the DHBS, whose financial failure, which had by then caused the bankruptcy of its publishing company, was holding back various publishers and historians from embarking on a new adventure, according to historian
1459:
Dictionnaire historique & biographique de la Suisse : publié avec la recommandation de la Société générale suisse d'histoire et sous la direction de Marcel Godet, Henri Türler [et] Victor
Attinger avec de nombreux collaborateurs de tous les
602:
While the contents of the DHS cover all historical periods in present-day
Switzerland, greater importance is given to certain periods, depending on the historical material available: for example, 10% of the articles cover the period from the
420:, DSS, in yellow). The first of a total of 13 volumes was published in 2002 and the final volume was in 2014. All volumes are available in German, French and Italian, and an abbreviated version in 2 volumes (3100 articles) is available in
1465:
Historical & Biographical
Dictionary of Switzerland: published with the recommendation of the Société générale suisse d'histoire and under the direction of Marcel Godet, Henri Türler Victor Attinger with many collaborators from all
1522:
469:
and some neighbouring regions". The printed dictionary comprises 3,200 articles on regional biographies, places and events; the first volume appeared at the end of 2010, the second in 2012 :
510:
The e-LIR website has been online since 2004. According to those responsible for the site, it is the first dictionary in the world where editorial work is carried out directly on the
Internet.
623:
or archaeological sites), which accounts for almost a third of the total; the remaining 25% or so are divided into various themes, such as historical phenomena and concepts, or institutions.
352:
development of a keyword search engine was delayed. After the website went online, work on the paper version of the encyclopedia resumed. On 14 June 1999, a new contract was signed with the
465:
Switzerland. Its aim was "to present, as comprehensively as possible, the historical and cultural development of the Rhaetian and GraubĂĽnden area, i.e. the present trilingual canton of
528:
248:, it was a financial failure, mainly because of the lack of supervision of the authors, who were largely recruited by the cantonal archivists associated with the project.
565:
334:
that would reflect recent historical research while remaining accessible to a wide audience, and of publishing this dictionary in the form of an electronic database.
523:
is governed by a Foundation Board comprising a maximum of thirteen members, appointed by the Swiss Historical Society, the ASSH, the Swiss Confederation, the
1768:
201:
1685:
234:
1484:
Simon, Philippe (9 November 2002). "Un grand dictionnaire pour tout savoir de l'histoire suisse" (in French). Geneva: Fondation Aventinus. Le Temps.
543:
628:
554:
308:
270:
216:
293:
1916:
1896:
633:
357:
first volume could be released in 2002, despite criticism that the paper version was being abandoned in favor of the online version.
329:
In 1987, the Federal Assembly approved funds to launch the project, as part of the celebrations marking the 700th anniversary of the
1876:
1871:
1866:
1856:
533:
388:, Federal Councillor for Culture. Subsequent volumes are published at the rate of one per year, and are released every autumn.
1368:
1350:
1332:
1314:
1296:
1278:
1260:
1242:
1127:
1109:
1091:
1073:
1055:
1037:
1019:
1001:
886:
868:
850:
832:
814:
796:
778:
760:
742:
724:
706:
688:
670:
500:
482:
233:(DHBS, Historical & Biographical Dictionary of Switzerland), published in seven volumes between 1921 and 1934. Edited by
1881:
640:
441:
Articles on places (municipalities, cantons, other nation states, fortresses, signories, abbeys, archeological sites) (30%)
289:
172:
1891:
1886:
264:
As early as the 1950s, several personal initiatives - including those of Federal Councillors Philipp Etter in 1958 and
1861:
1224:
1206:
1188:
1170:
1152:
983:
965:
947:
929:
911:
570:
524:
1921:
1906:
192:
in the fifteenth century, numerous historical works have appeared in Switzerland: the Chronicon Helveticum by
1715:
1525:[The 700th anniversary of the Swiss Confederation. The trials and tribulations of a commemoration].
1393:
1901:
1468:] (in French). Neuchâtel : Administration du Dictionnaire historique et biographique de la Suisse.
189:
861:
Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz. Stich - Vinzenz Ferrer / Chefred.: Marco Jorio / Chefred.: Marco Jorio
1797:
1589:
539:
1911:
175:(SAGW/ASSH) and the Swiss Historical Society (SGG-SHH) and is financed by national research grants.
1445:] (in French). Bern: Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences, Swiss Historical Society.
462:
161:
1619:
Seydtaghi, Anouch (9 November 2002). "Anouch" (in French). Geneva: Fondation Aventinus. Le Temps.
1555:
1502:(in French). Bern: Schweizerische Gesellschaft fĂĽr Geschichte Generalsekretariat. 5 December 2016
580:
360:
Finally, on 31 October 2002, the first of the planned twelve volumes was officially presented in
369:
196:(1569) contains around a thousand documents, the twenty volumes of the encyclopaedic dictionary
381:
319:
304:
149:
1424:(in French). Bern: Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences, Swiss Historical Society.
30:
1523:"Le 700e anniversaire de la confédération helvétique. Heurs et malheurs d'une commémoration"
326:, they initiated the DHS project, which was soon supported by the Swiss Historical Society.
586:
On 1 January 2017, the DHS Foundation completed its work and passed the baton to the ASSH.
396:
The encyclopedia is published simultaneously in three of Switzerland's national languages:
168:
1495:
200:(General Helvetic, Federal or Swiss Lexicon) were written by Zurich banker and politician
8:
1851:
353:
206:
1436:
1419:
1835:
288:. However, the idea was taken up by two publishers in the early 1980s, and in 1983 the
265:
239:
548:
1601:
1364:
1346:
1328:
1310:
1292:
1274:
1256:
1238:
1220:
1202:
1184:
1166:
1148:
1123:
1105:
1087:
1069:
1051:
1033:
1015:
997:
979:
961:
943:
925:
907:
882:
864:
846:
828:
810:
792:
774:
756:
738:
720:
702:
684:
666:
608:
496:
478:
323:
1457:
1534:
454:
421:
413:
373:
193:
153:
53:
49:
229:
The last Swiss historical dictionary to appear between the two world wars was the
574:
559:
405:
397:
365:
361:
313:
45:
41:
1823:
275:
221:
1738:
1634:
1845:
1605:
444:
Subject articles (historical phenomena and terms, institutions, events) (25%)
385:
298:
1659:
1811:
604:
145:
1538:
245:
612:
330:
1418:
Santschi, Catherine (21 January 2008). "Dictionnaires encyclopédiques".
519:
in archives throughout the country, and above all almost 2,500 authors.
198:
Allgemeines Helvetisches, Eydgenössisches, Oder Schweitzerisches Lexicon
1806:
1718:(in French). Bern: Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SRG SSR). Swissinfo
1122:(in French). Vol. 13. Hauterive: Éditions Gilles Attinger. 2008.
1104:(in French). Vol. 12. Hauterive: Éditions Gilles Attinger. 2008.
1086:(in French). Vol. 11. Hauterive: Éditions Gilles Attinger. 2008.
1068:(in French). Vol. 10. Hauterive: Éditions Gilles Attinger. 2008.
376:("Dizionario storico della Svizzera" and published by Armando Dadò in
1050:(in French). Vol. 9. Hauterive: Éditions Gilles Attinger. 2008.
1032:(in French). Vol. 8. Hauterive: Éditions Gilles Attinger. 2008.
1014:(in French). Vol. 7. Hauterive: Éditions Gilles Attinger. 2008.
996:(in French). Vol. 6. Hauterive: Éditions Gilles Attinger. 2007.
978:(in French). Vol. 5. Hauterive: Éditions Gilles Attinger. 2006.
960:(in French). Vol. 4. Hauterive: Éditions Gilles Attinger. 2005.
942:(in French). Vol. 3. Hauterive: Éditions Gilles Attinger. 2004.
924:(in French). Vol. 2. Hauterive: Éditions Gilles Attinger. 2003.
906:(in French). Vol. 1. Hauterive: Éditions Gilles Attinger. 2002.
620:
384:
and presided over by Jean Guinand, President of the Foundation, and
283:
495:(in Romansh). Vol. 2. Cuira: Chasa editura Desertina. 2012.
477:(in Romansh). Vol. 1. Cuira: Chasa editura Desertina. 2010.
466:
377:
119:
1763:
1413:
1411:
364:("Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz" and published by Schwabe),
123:
The first three printed volumes, in German, French and Italian.
594:
256:
160:(LIR), and constitutes the first specialist dictionary in the
1777:
643:
compliant format. This enabled automatic conversion into the
1592:[The Historical Dictionary of Switzerland in 2000].
1408:
215:(Geographical and Statistical Dictionary of Switzerland) by
644:
1693:
L’histoire du DHS, Le Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse
1456:
Godet, Marcel; TĂĽrler, Heinrich; Attinger, Victor (1921).
735:
Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz. Fruchtbarkeit - Gyssling
681:
Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz. Basel (Kanton) - BĂĽmpliz
663:
Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz. Aa - Basel (FĂĽrstbistum)
453:
A reduced edition of the dictionary was also published in
1363:(in Italian). Vol. 13. Locarno: Armando Dadò. 2014.
1345:(in Italian). Vol. 12. Locarno: Armando Dadò. 2013.
1327:(in Italian). Vol. 11. Locarno: Armando Dadò. 2012.
1309:(in Italian). Vol. 10. Locarno: Armando Dadò. 2011.
183:
1435:
Matt, Christoph Philipp (November 2010). "Markus Lutz".
1291:(in Italian). Vol. 9. Locarno: Armando Dadò. 2010.
1273:(in Italian). Vol. 8. Locarno: Armando Dadò. 2009.
1255:(in Italian). Vol. 7. Locarno: Armando Dadò. 2008.
1237:(in Italian). Vol. 6. Locarno: Armando Dadò. 2007.
1219:(in Italian). Vol. 5. Locarno: Armando Dadò. 2006.
1201:(in Italian). Vol. 4. Locarno: Armando Dadò. 2005.
1183:(in Italian). Vol. 3. Locarno: Armando Dadò. 2004.
1165:(in Italian). Vol. 2. Locarno: Armando Dadò. 2003.
1147:(in Italian). Vol. 1. Locarno: Armando Dadò. 2002.
598:
Example of one page (French version, volume 3, page 506)
72:
1786:
1695:(in French). Bern: Conseil de fondation DHS. March 2019
1686:"Conseil de fondation du DHS (1988 - 2016), Présidence"
1396:[Aegidius Tschudi, historian and storyteller].
1795:
213:
Dictionnaire géographique et statistique de la Suisse
231:
Dictionnaire historique et biographique de la Suisse
1590:"Das Historische Lexikon der Schweiz im Jahre 2000"
1558:[The Historical Dictionary of Switzerland]
1455:
1394:"Aegidius Tschudi, Geschichtsforscher und Erzähler"
789:
Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz. Locarnini - Muoth
843:Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz. Schaichet - StGB
807:Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz Mur - Privilegien
81:
825:Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz. Pro - Schafroth
771:Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz. Jura - Lobsigen
1843:
717:Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz. Dudan - Frowin
188:Since the time of the illustrated chronicles of
1556:"Le Dictionnaire Historique de la Suisse (DHS)"
1550:
1548:
699:Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz. Bund - Ducros
538:. Presidents of the Foundation Board have been
290:Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences
173:Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences
63:Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences
280:, editor-in-chief of DHS, quoted by newspaper
1566:(in French). Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz
879:Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz. Viol - Zyro
753:Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz. Haab - Juon
1545:
281:
1666:. Bern: Historische Lexikon der Schweiz HLS
461:(LIR), the first specialized dictionary of
1654:
1652:
29:
16:Encyclopedia on the history of Switzerland
1618:
1594:Schweizerische Zeitschrift fĂĽr Geschichte
611:, while 20% cover the period between the
251:
211:between 1747 and 1765,. followed by the
178:
1743:Histoire des partis politiques en Suisse
1713:
1639:Histoire des partis politiques en Suisse
1628:
1626:
1417:
593:
448:
438:Articles on families and genealogy (10%)
255:
118:
1649:
1479:
1477:
1475:
260:Marco Jorio, editor-in-chief of the DHS
1844:
1583:
1581:
1520:
1391:
881:. Vol. 13. Basel: Schwabe. 2014.
863:. Vol. 12. Basel: Schwabe. 2013.
845:. Vol. 11. Basel: Schwabe. 2012.
827:. Vol. 10. Basel: Schwabe. 2011.
184:A tradition of historical dictionaries
1736:
1632:
1623:
1587:
1483:
1404:. Société suisse d'histoire: 433–455.
809:. Vol. 9. Basel: Schwabe. 2010.
791:. Vol. 8. Basel: Schwabe. 2009.
773:. Vol. 7. Basel: Schwabe. 2008.
755:. Vol. 6. Basel: Schwabe. 2007.
737:. Vol. 5. Basel: Schwabe. 2006.
719:. Vol. 4. Basel: Schwabe. 2005.
683:. Vol. 2. Basel: Schwabe. 2003.
665:. Vol. 1. Basel: Schwabe. 2002.
322:. Together with the archivist of the
1770:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
1472:
1443:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
1434:
641:Standard Generalized Markup Language
589:
431:The 36,000 headings are grouped in:
410:Dictionnaire Historique de la Suisse
292:(ASSH) commissioned two professors,
135:Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse
130:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
23:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
1578:
167:The encyclopedia is published by a
13:
1917:Organisations based in Switzerland
1897:1998 establishments in Switzerland
1739:"Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz"
1716:"La nouvelle mémoire de la Suisse"
1635:"Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz"
1527:Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire
14:
1933:
1757:
1343:Statalismo - Valeyres sous Ursins
650:
615:and the end of the 20th century.
525:Swiss National Science Foundation
418:Dizionario Storico della Svizzera
368:(published by Gilles Attinger in
342:
1829:
1817:
1805:
1782:(in German, French, and Italian)
1762:
1438:Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz
1421:Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz
402:Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz
391:
1730:
1707:
1678:
1612:
529:Association of Swiss Archivists
513:
1877:Italian-language encyclopedias
1714:Herrmann, Eva (25 July 2002).
1514:
1488:
1449:
1428:
1385:
701:. Vol. 3. Schwabe. 2004.
619:(including communes, cantons,
1:
1872:French-language encyclopedias
1867:German-language encyclopedias
1857:Historiography of Switzerland
1378:
1235:Gribbio - Istruzione pubblica
1137:
896:
655:
380:) at a ceremony held at the
7:
1882:Romansh-language mass media
1163:Basilea (cantone) - Calvino
940:Canada - Derville-Maléchard
647:format used for web pages.
337:
190:Diebold Schilling the Elder
171:under the patronage of the
105:; 26 years ago
10:
1938:
1892:Swiss online encyclopedias
1887:21st-century encyclopedias
1662:[What is e-LIR?].
1792:online edition in Romansh
1500:Société suisse d'histoire
1145:Aa - Basilea, Fadrique de
99:
91:
67:
59:
37:
28:
1862:Encyclopedias of history
1660:"Qu'est-ce que l'e-LIR?"
1496:"Entreprises et projets"
1325:Saraceni - Starrkirchwil
354:Schwabe publishing house
1922:Historical dictionaries
1398:Revue suisse d'histoire
581:Martine Brunschwig Graf
540:Georges-André Chevallaz
1907:National encyclopedias
599:
579:from 2005 to 2010 and
382:Swiss National Library
320:University of Lausanne
305:University of Fribourg
282:
261:
252:Genesis of the project
179:History of the project
150:history of Switzerland
124:
1788:Lexicon Istoric Retic
1773:at Wikimedia Commons
1737:Haber, Peter (2007).
1664:Lexicon istoric retic
1633:Haber, Peter (2007).
1588:Jorio, Marco (2000).
1539:10.3406/xxs.1993.2676
1521:Pithon, RĂ©my (1993).
597:
459:Lexicon Istoric Retic
449:Lexicon Istoric Retic
426:Lexicon Istoric Retic
259:
158:Lexicon istoric retic
122:
1392:Wehrli, Max (1956).
412:, DHS, in blue) and
1902:Swiss encyclopedias
1102:Staechelin - Valier
1048:Mur - Polytechnicum
583:from 2011 to 2016.
564:from 1997 to 2004,
553:from 1993 to 1996,
542:from 1988 to 1992,
493:Macdonald Ă Zwingli
331:Swiss Confederation
25:
1012:Italianité - Lozza
904:Aa-Ban de l'Empire
600:
324:Canton of Lucerne
266:Hans Peter Tschudi
262:
125:
21:
1767:Media related to
1370:978-88-8281-383-3
1352:978-88-8281-357-4
1334:978-88-8281-336-9
1316:978-88-8281-302-4
1298:978-88-8281-277-5
1280:978-88-8281-259-1
1262:978-88-8281-230-0
1244:978-88-8281-206-5
1129:978-2-940418-40-4
1111:978-2-940418-39-8
1093:978-2-940418-38-1
1075:978-2-940418-31-2
1057:978-2-940418-18-3
1039:978-2-940418-06-0
1021:978-2-88256-197-8
1003:978-2-88256-180-0
994:Grob - Istighofen
922:Bandelier-Camuzzi
888:978-3-7965-1913-0
870:978-3-7965-1912-3
852:978-3-7965-1911-6
834:978-3-7965-1910-9
816:978-3-7965-1909-3
798:978-3-7965-1908-6
780:978-3-7965-1907-9
762:978-3-7965-1906-2
744:978-3-7965-1905-5
726:978-3-7965-1904-8
708:978-3-7965-1903-1
690:978-3-7965-1902-4
672:978-3-7965-1901-7
627:and captioned by
609:Early Middle Ages
590:Editorial choices
502:978-3-85637-391-7
484:978-3-85637-390-0
435:Biographies (35%)
117:
116:
38:Available in
1929:
1912:Online databases
1834:
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1320:
1302:
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1230:
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1120:Valkenier - Zyro
1115:
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1043:
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1007:
989:
971:
953:
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404:, HLS, in red),
317:
302:
287:
279:
243:
225:
210:
202:Johann Jacob Leu
194:Aegidius Tschudi
156:under the title
140:
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83:
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1842:
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1796:
1781:
1780:online edition
1760:
1755:
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1731:
1721:
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1712:
1708:
1698:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1683:
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1658:
1657:
1650:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1613:
1586:
1579:
1569:
1567:
1564:Federal Council
1559:
1554:
1553:
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1519:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1494:
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1482:
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1341:
1335:
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1317:
1305:
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1269:
1263:
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1181:Cama - Delz
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271:Marco Jorio
238: [
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217:Markus Lutz
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73:hls-dhs-dss
1852:2002 books
1846:Categories
1645:: 127–133.
1379:References
1138:In Italian
1030:LĂĽ - Muoth
621:bailliages
294:Carl Pfaff
169:foundation
78:(de/fr/it)
1606:0036-7834
897:In French
656:In German
370:Hauterive
318:from the
303:from the
246:Neuchâtel
527:and the
338:Versions
284:Le Temps
144:) is an
100:Launched
1824:History
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1722:14 June
1699:14 June
1670:13 June
1570:11 June
1506:11 June
1466:cantons
1460:cantons
607:to the
467:Grisons
455:Romansh
422:Romansh
414:Italian
378:Locarno
374:Italian
154:Romansh
148:on the
108: (
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645:HTML
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479:ISBN
307:and
127:The
110:1998
103:1998
87:(rm)
1535:doi
428:).
142:DHS
84:.ch
75:.ch
68:URL
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