Henry (bishop of Finland)

1604:, after whom there was a 25–30-year gap before Thomas. However, according to the papal letter Ex tuarum no such gap has ever existed, since the archbishop of Lund was given the right to anoint a new bishop to Finland in 1209 after the death of the previous. So the logic and datings of the sixteenth-century writers must be esteemed as false. The date 1209 is far too early for a Dominican like Thomas to step into the office, and so Rodolphus, the first real bishop of Finland and his successor Folquinus must be considered as 13th-century bishops nominated and appointed by the Danish and not by the Swedes. As an extra proof of this the ancient Finnish taxation system of church taxes has its roots in Denmark, not in Sweden. And the same goes to lay taxes especially in the Åland Islands and to the old Finnish monetary system. As J. W. Ruuth already nearly a hundred years ago pointed out, Finland was at that time a Danish and not a Swedish mission territory, where the Danes according to the Danish annals made there expeditions in 1191, 1202 and possible even 1210 3418:

arkkipiispana, Historiallinen Arkisto XXII,1,1911,Ruuth, J-W., Några ord om de äldsta danska medeltidsannalerna, som innehålla uppgifter on tågen till Finland 1191 och 1202, Historiska uppsatser tillegnade Magnus Gottfrid Schybergsson, Skrifter utgifne af Svenska Litteratursällskapet i Finland C, 1911, Ruuth, J.W.,Tanskalaisten annaalien merkintä Suomen retkestä 1191, annaalitutkimuksen kannalta valaistuna., Historiallinen Arkisto XXXIV, 1, 1925. As to the Danish expeditions to Finland see also: Danmarks middelalderlige annaler, udgivet ved Erik Kroman, Copenhagen 1980

1568:, a grandson of his better known namesake Eric the Saint. Eric had taken over Sweden in 1208 and was crowned king two years later. The Pope who had strongly sided with Sverker, ignored him at first, but finally recognized him in 1216, commenting many requests that he had apparently made ever since having taken the office. Based on the papal letter that year, Eric seems to have had a plan to invade some country that allegedly had been "taken from the heathens by his predecessors" and was allowed to install a bishop there. Similar letters were sent to the 33: 1034: 1588:

calls the church in Finland to have been established "newly", the same claim that Anders had made 12 years earlier. The list of Swedish bishops which survives from this era is from king John Sverkerson's coronation from the year 1219 and it mentions the bishops which have been present at the coronation. Finland as well as Wäxjö are not among those five, which so seem to have been all the bishops of the Swedish realm at that time. So the Finnish bishop's possible position under Uppsala's primacy is highly improbable.

762: 1618: 1727: 1174:. Lalli's wife Kerttu falsely claimed to him that upon leaving the manor, their ungrateful guest Henry, travelling around on his own in the middle of winter, had without permission or recompense, through violence, taken food, cake from the oven and beer from the cellar, for himself and hay for his horse, and left nothing but ashes. This is supposed to have enraged Lalli so that he immediately grabbed his skis and went in pursuit of the thief, finally chasing Henry down on the ice of Lake 1052:

feelings of 'internal love' toward each other, emphasizing the peaceful coexistence of the secular and ecclesiastical rule during a happy era when 'predatory wolves' could not hit their 'poisonous teeth against the innocent'. The reality was quite different – Eric's predecessor, Eric himself and two of his successors were all murdered almost within a decade, one of the bloodiest times for the Swedish royalty. In the 1150s, the Bishop of Uppsala was also in a bitter fight with the

450:, which has a short description of Eric's memorable deeds, also makes no reference to Henry or the crusade. Henry and the crusade do not appear until a version of Eric's legend that dates to 1344. Similarities in the factual content and phraseology regarding the common events indicate that either one of the legends has acted as the model for the other. Henry's legend is commonly considered to have been written during the 1280s or 1290s at the latest, for the consecration of the 846: 1715: 1351: 1904: 1159: 1880: 4129: 1423:, the see of the early Uppland bishops before it was moved a few kilometers to its later location in Uppsala sometime before 1164. He is ignored in all Swedish bishop chronicles, unless he is the same Henry who was later redated to the 1150s. That would make the claim about him coming to Finland with King Eric a late innovation, where memory about a killed bishop in Uppsala sometime in the 12th century was reused in a new context. 1479: 728: 430: 1892: 614: 1533: 2146:

folkungatiden". As to Ragvald and Kettil, the title "chancellor" rests solely on Juustens imagination and is in contradiction with the real and known chancellors of the time. As to Bero, who is mentioned already in the so-called "Palmskölds fragment" probably from the time of Turku bishop Magnus Tavast from the 15th century (dating by Jarl Gallén in "De engelska munkarna i Uppsala – ett katedralkloster på 1100-talet,

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Archbishop had complained to the Pope how difficult it was to get anyone to be a bishop in Finland and planned to appoint someone without formal adequacy, who was already working in Finland. The Pope approved of Archbishop's suggestion without questioning his opinions. It is noteworthy that the Archbishop of Uppsala,

340: 1251:

Both Lalli (Laurentius) and Kerttu (Gertrud) are originally German names, which might indicate that the poem was partly constructed on foreign models, whose influence is visible in other aspects, too. The way Lalli is manipulated to commit the crime and what happens to him later seem to be taken from

1223:

Before his death, Henry instructed the coachman to gather his remaining body parts in a cloth tied with blue string, place it in a cart drawn by a stallion. When the stallion broke, he was to replace it with an ox, and when the ox stopped, he was to build a church. This is where Henrik's remains were

600:

Thus, Henry's veneration as a saint and his relation to King Eric seem to have emerged in the historical record at the same time in the mid-1290s with strong support from the church. This correlates with the start of the war against Novgorod. Sources do not support the popular assumption that Henry's

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which became a conventional claim later on, also by the church itself. He stayed in Finland out of pity, but was never appointed as a bishop there. The legend does not state whether there had been bishops in Finland before his time or what happened after his death; it does not even mention his burial

1705:

In 1924, a jawless skull and several other bones were found in a sealed closet in the Cathedral of Turku. These are also referred to as Henry's relics in popular media and even by the church, even though that designation remains speculative and the bones may have belonged to another saint. The bones

1378:

states 1150 as the year of the crusade, it is certain from other sources that Nicholas really was in Sweden in 1153. It is not known whether this was just an inference by the writer, based on the fact that also Nicholas was an Englishman. However, there is no information about anyone called as Henry

1227:

Medieval folk traditions enumerate the pestilences and misfortunes which befell Lalli after his slaying of the bishop. His hair and scalp are said to have fallen out as he took off the bishop's cap, taken as a trophy. Removing the bishop's ring from his finger, just bones remained. Eventually he ran

1135:

Folk traditions have no information on the crusade whatsoever. King Eric is briefly mentioned in the death-lay's preface as Henry's concerned "brother". Henry appears as a lone preacher who moved around southwestern Finland more or less on his own. Besides the name, he has only little in common with

1587:

sent a letter directly to an unnamed Bishop of Finland in 1221. According to the letter, Archbishop Valerius had followed the situation in Finland and sent a report to the Pope, worried about a threat from unidentified "barbarians". It is notable that when the Pope quoted Valerius in his letter, he

1552:

as a reply to the Archbishop's earlier letter which has not survived. According to the Archbishop, the Bishop of the newly established church in Finland was dead, apparently from natural causes since his passing away is mentioned to have been "lawful", and the see had been vacant for some time. The

1466:

No historical source remains that would confirm the existence of a bishop named Henry in Finland. However, papal letters mentioning an unidentified Bishop of Finland in 1209, 1221, 1229 and 1232 have survived. Some copies of another papal letter from 1232 call the bishop as "N.", but the letter "N"

1641:

Whatever the case, the bishop's grave seems to have been traced to Nousiainen latest after his elevation to sainthood. A number of medieval documents mention that the bishop's grave continued to be located in the local church, presumably meaning that all the bones had not been translated to Turku.

1236:

Basically the death-lay is a simple story of a short-tempered man who falls victim of his "bad-mouthed wife's" sharp tongue. The poem has no pity for Lalli, and he is not depicted as a hero in a story whose true antagonist is Kerttu. The depiction of Henry's death built on an independent tradition

1219:

In some versions of the poem, considered older, Lalli's weapon was a sword. The axe was the murder weapon of Saint Olaf, who was very popular in Finland and may have influenced Henry's legend. However, since Lalli is not portrayed as a member of the upper class, it is unlikely that he possessed an

1387:

claimed that Henry had been the Bishop of Uppsala for two years before the crusade. Based on these postulates, early 20th-century historians assembled 1155 as the year of the crusade and 1156 as the year of Henry's death. Historians from different centuries have also suggested various other years

1051:

According to legend, establishment of the church of Finland was entirely the work of the saint-king Eric of Sweden, assisted by the bishop from the most important diocese in the country. The first half of the legend describes how the king and the bishop ruled Sweden like 'two great lights' with

4030:

Denmark, the Papacy and the Christianization of Estonia – Michele Maccarrone (ed.), Gli Inizi del Cristianesimo in Livonia-Lettonia: Atti del Colloque internazionale di storia ecclesiastica in occasione dell'VIII centenario della Chiesa in Livonia (1186–1986), Roma 24–25 giugno 1986. Città del

3417:

Ruuth, J.W. Suomi ja paavilliset legaatit 1200-luvun alkupuoliskolla. Historiallinen Aikakauskirja 1909, Ruuth, J.W.,Paavi Innocentio III:en "Ex tuarum" -kirjeestä 30:p:ltä lokakuuta 1209. Saiko Lundin arkkipiispa tämän kirjeen Pohjoismaiden primaksena ja paavillisena legaattina vaiko suoraan

1060:

The writer of the legend seems to have been especially interested in presenting the bishop as a humble martyr. He has fully ignored his place of death and burial and other "domestic" Finnish interests, which were much more apparent in folk traditions. The legend and folk traditions eventually

1524:

No surviving list of bishops or dioceses under the Archbishop of Uppsala from 1164, 1189, 1192, 1233, 1241 or 1248 contains any reference to Finland, neither factual or propagandist. No claim about a Swedish bishop in Finland is made in any other source from the era prior to the so-called

2145:

The so-called "chancellor bishops of Finland" have been shown to have been a creation of later historians, especially by Juusten in his chronicle of the Finnish Bishops during the 16th century, by Herman Shück in Historisk Tidskrift 2/1963 in his article "Kansler och capella regis under

548:

The first mention of Bishop Henry in historical sources is from 1298, when he is mentioned along with king Eric in a document from a provincial synod of Uppsala in Telge. This document, although mentioned many times as a source over the centuries, was not correctly dated until 1910.

1637:

in Nousiainen in 1234. Archaeological excavations of pre-Catholic cemeteries in Nousiainen and surrounding parishes show a clear discontinuation of traditions in the early 13th century, but no abrupt changes are apparent in the religious environment among the 12th century finds.

1749:, he has been referred to as a saint since as early as 1296 according to a papal document of the time, and continues to be called as such today as well. On the basis of the traditional accounts of Henry's death, his recognition as saint took place prior to the founding of the 1521:, the Archbishop of Uppsala, who both had spent time with him in France where he had been exiled in the 1160s. Following the situation in Estonia, the Pope personally interfered in the Estonian mission in 1171, ordering assistance for the local Bishop Fulco from Norway. 783: 784: 1263:("Church Rock", previously known as the "Island of Saint Henry") in Lake Köyliönjärvi, the bishop's veneration began in the latter half of the 14th century, well after Henry had received his official status as a local saint, and 200 years after his alleged death. 1591:

Despite so many high-ranking church representatives being involved in the 1209/1221 arrangements, later chronicles are fully ignorant on the situation in Finland at the time, or if there was even a bishop then. The first 13th-century bishop is said to have been

1505:, who otherwise addressed the situation of the church in Finland. The Pope mentions that there were preachers, presumably from Sweden, working in Finland and was worried about their bad treatment by the Finns. The Pope had earlier in 1165 authorized the 1403:) in 1129, participating in the consecration of the saint's newly built church. He is apparently the same Bishop Henry who died at the Battle of Fotevik in 1134, fighting along with the Danes after being banished from Sweden. Known from the 1186:, and place it on his own head. When Lalli's mother questioned him about where he found the hat, he attempted to take it off, but with it came his scalp. Lalli then died a painful death. The 17th century lay version smugly comments that: 782: 1295:

Today, the legend of Henry is challenged by some historians to the point of being labelled as pure imagination. Completely invented saints were not exceptional in Europe, and there is no direct evidence of either the crusade or Henry.

601:

cult developed in Nousiainen and gradually spread among ordinary people before official adoption. In 1232, the church in Nousiainen was consecrated only to the Virgin Mary, and it was not until 1452 that Henry was mentioned as the

218:, but the independent church province of Sweden could only be established in 1164 after the civil war, and Henry would have been sent to organize the Church in Finland, where Christians had already existed for two centuries. 3407:

Voionmaa, Väinö, Studier i Ålands Medeltidshistoria, Suomen Muinaismuistoyhdistyksen aikakauskirja XXVII, 1916,s 107, Voionmaa, Väinö, Kansallinen raha -ja mittajärjestelmä Suomessa varhaisemmalla keskiajalla, Suomen Museo

1694:'s reliquarium that was built in 1514 and treasured in the cathedral. Also enclosed was a piece of parchment stating the bone belonged to Henry. During the restoration work of the cathedral, the relic was relocated to the 1299:

The bishop's alleged violent death however, is no reason to doubt his potential existence, as many bishops were murdered during the turmoils of the 12th and 13th centuries, although most were not elevated to sainthood.

2217:

1978. The same document has been published twice by Hausen, first with false dating in "Registrum Ecclesiae Aboensis" in the year 1890 (nr.18) and then with correct dating in "Finlands Medeltids Urkunder" in 1910 (nr.

1685:

of Finland. What happened to the bones after that, remains unknown. According to some sources, the Russian vessel transporting the relics sank on the way. However, it is generally acknowledged that a piece of Henry's

576:

The first mention of Henry of Uppsala being the patron saint of Turku cathedral is not until 14 August 1320, when he is mentioned as the second patron of the cathedral after Virgin Mary. When he is later addressed by

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over which see would become archiepiscopal. The crusade itself is described as a brief and bloodless event that was only performed to bring the "blind and evil heathen people of Finland" under Christian order.

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The legend itself is also first referred in a letter by the Archbishop of Uppsala in 1298, where Eric and Henry are mentioned together as martyrs who needed to be prayed to for the sake of the situation in

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However, the poem's claim that Henry was buried in Nousiainen was already held to be true around 1300, when his alleged bones were translated from Nousiainen to the Cathedral of Turku. A mid-15th century

553: 780: 3531: 743:, "Winter Henry"), according to traditions the day of his death. Elsewhere his memorial was held already on 19 January, since more prominent saints were already commemorated on 20 January. After the 658:

At the end of the Roman Catholic era in Sweden, Henry was well established as a local saint. The dioceses in Sweden and elsewhere venerating Henry were as follows, categorized by his local ranking:

2049:

from the mid-16th century (not to be confused with another chronicle of the same name about 100 years earlier), Henry is listed as the first Bishop of Finland without any additional reservations.

324:

The legend draws to a conclusion as Henry attempted to give a canonical punishment to a murderer. The accused man became enraged and killed the bishop, who was thus considered to be a martyr.

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Diplomatarium Suecanum nr.1746. The document (previously dated to 1295–1296) has been shown by Jarl Gallén to be from 22 April 1391 in his article "Studier i Åbo domkyrkans Svartbok" in

1475:, the Bishop of Estonia mentioned in sources from 1165 and 1171, was the same as Folquinus, a legendary Bishop of Finland at the end of the 12th century, but this remains only a theory. 4209: 781: 1809:, from Köyliö to Nousiainen has been marked all the way for people willing to walk through it. Association of "Ecumenical pilgrimage of St. Henry" has been organized around the event. 317:, Eric and Henry were forced to do battle with them. After they had conquered Finland, baptized the people and built many churches, the victorious king returned to Sweden while Henry ( 369:

who suffered a stomach ache after mocking Henry, all miracles seem to have taken place in Finland. The other miracles, which usually occurred following prayer to Bishop Henry, were:

1244:

metre, has survived as several 17th and 18th century literations from various parts of Finland. Some of its elements appear in earlier works, but it hardly dates older than the

1237:

that was once in direct competition with that of the legend, which is largely forgotten today. It remains unknown whether the two traditions were built around the same person.

1347:. Latest research dates the chronicle to the early 15th century when Henry's legend was already established in the kingdom, leaving only little significance to its testimony. 1383:

was that Henry was translated to Turku cathedral already in 1154, which certainly was false since the cathedral was built only in the 1290s. In the late 16th century, Bishop

4021:

From Fulco to Theoderic: The Changing Face of Livonian Mission — Andres Andresen (ed.), Muinasaja loojangust omariikluse lävele: Pühendusteos Sulev Vahtre 75. sünnipäevaks

336:

is so void of any concrete information about Finland that it could have been created anywhere. The Latin is scholastic and the grammar is in general exceptionally good.

245:. However, the authenticity of the accounts of his life and ministry are widely disputed and there are no historical records of his birth, death, or even his existence. 3430:, p. 94. Some historians have proposed that the translation took place already before 1296, or even so late than 1309. The year 1300 is from the mid-15th century 1248:. There is debate on whether the original poem was constructed by one or more individuals. The writer has however had superficial understanding of the church legends. 629:, it took more than 100 years for the veneration of Saint Henry to gain widespread acceptance throughout Sweden. As of 1344 there were no relics of the bishop in the 3832: 1256:

fable. Extensive borrowing from unrelated Finnish legends from the pre-Christian era has taken place as well, leaving quite little original material left at all.

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propaganda wanted to play down the Danish part in the establishment of the Swedish church, often claiming early clergymen to have English heritage or education.

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in any way. The church seems to have gradually complemented its own legends by adopting elements from the folk traditions, especially during the 15th century.

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of Sweden in the mid-12th century, ruling the peaceful kingdom with the king in heavenly co-existence. To tackle the perceived threat from the non-Christian

3528: 2085: 4234: 747:, Henry's day was moved to the 19th in Finland as well. The existence of the feast day is first mentioned in 1335, and is known to have been marked in the 2658: 301:, was written 150 years after his time, at the end of the 13th century, and contains little concrete information about him. He is said to have been an 1308:

in 1134 that never had so many bishops been killed at the same time. Notable bishops that died violently included the Archbishop of Uppsala in 1187,

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for the control of Karelia had started in 1293. The first certain appearance of Henry's image in the seal of the Bishop of Turku is not until 1299.

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seems to have played a key role in establishment of Henry's legend elsewhere in Sweden in the early 15th century. Henry never received the highest

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Note that the letter does not mention the name of the archbishop. However, Valerius had died in 1219 and the Uppsala see was vacant until 1224.

2463: 1997:, pp. 398–417 In Latin and in Finnish. All 52 known versions of the legend, many of which are fragmented, can also be downloaded from a 1163: 1564:

Whether the appointment of the said preacher ever took place, remains unknown. Note should be taken that the King of Sweden at the time was

1339:, a chronicle of Uppsala archbishops, before Coppmannus and Stefan, but after Sverinius (probably mentioned in German sources in 1141/2 as " 2975: 4204: 771: 1271:, claimed to have been the bishop's place of rest the night before his death, could not be dated earlier than the late 15th century in 1085:), which has puzzled Finnish historians for centuries. The name might be connected to a coastal area in northern Finland Proper called 4121: 1750: 1432: 1013: 2941: 2758: 2622: 521:

in 1284, which challenged the Bishop's earlier position as the sole authority on all local matters. Johan was followed in Turku by

494: 4229: 4219: 4179: 4214: 4159: 3654: 3624: 1766: 1216:

The 17th century lay version of the tale was intended to be performed during the annual pilgrimage along Henrik's final route.

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makes no reference to Henry even though it mentions the cathedral and election of the new bishop many times. A papal letter by

257: 3557: 1770: 1695: 119: 3587:

850th anniversary of the arrival of Saint Henry, Bishop, and the 50th anniversary of the founding of the diocese of Helsinki

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called Henry during the reign of King Eric (about 1156–1160). Early phases of the diocese remain obscure up to the point of

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accompanying the legate in any source describing the visit, nor him appointing a new bishop in Uppsala. Another claim by

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Today, Henry and his alleged murderer Lalli remain two of the best-known persons from the mediæval history of Finland.

1781:") in Sweden and Finland. He continues to be remembered as a local observance in the Catholic Church of Finland, whose 1557:(1207–1219/1224), was also in Denmark at the time, temporarily exiled from Sweden after having allied with the deposed 365:

that various people were said to have experienced sometime after the bishop's death. With the exception of a priest in

2432: 2213: 2148: 4069: 4010: 3928: 3910: 3892: 3865: 3842: 3796: 3778: 2680: 1596:, and his predecessor remains unknown. According to 15th and 16th century chronicles, Henry was followed by bishops 1146:

is often mentioned in traditions as a place where Henry preached. Kokemäki was later one of the central parishes in

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No Bishop or Diocese of Finland is mentioned in a papal letter from 1171 (or 1172) by the seemingly well-informed

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in 1300. In addition to traditions, the only source connecting Nousiainen to early bishops is a letter signed by

1096: 1069:

Among the many folk traditions about Henry, the most prominent is the folk poem "The Death-lay of Bishop Henry" (

1343:"), Nicolaus and Sweno. Besides the name, the chronicle knows that he was martyred and buried in Finland in the 1518: 1329: 1182:. There he killed him on the spot with an axe. Lalli then proceeded to steal the late holy man's hat, called a 1121:

to the islets on the coast of Kaland, being harassed by Finns and seeking help from their relatives in Sweden.

3398:

Läntinen Aarre,Turun keskiaikainen piispanpöytä,Studia historica Jyväskyläensis 16, Jyväskylä 1978 pp113-117.

2655: 1762: 3939:

Suomen alueellinen pyhimyskultti ja vanhemmat aluejaot. Vesilahti 1346–1996. Edited by Helena Honka-Hallila

3752: 1170:

The death-lay's version of the bishop's death was different from the vita. The bishop's killer was called

3465:. The book contains a thorough comparison of finds from dozens of cemeteries around southwestern Finland. 2413: 1858: 1647: 1634: 1593: 1468: 867: 242: 3724: 3720: 1467:

may originally have also been something resembling it. The first certainly known Bishop of Finland is

2270: 1835:

The story of Henry's death on the lake is the subject of the song "Köyliönjärven jäällä", by Finnish

1061:

influenced each other, and the church gradually adopted many additional details to its saint bishop.

879: 2460: 1220:

expensive weapon like a sword, and the axe is a more historically likely choice for Henry's murder.

4184: 4174: 4169: 1782: 1699: 1669:

Most of the bones in Turku were still in place in 1720 when they were catalogued for a transfer to

1125: 987: 883: 570: 328: 321:) remained with the Finns, more willing to live the life of a preacher than that of a high bishop. 139: 1629:, from where his bones—or at least something that was thought to be his bones—were transported to 2972: 2971:. Botvid had been converted to Christianity in England. He was martyred around 1100 in Sweden. 1998: 755:, "Summer Henry") which was the day of the translation of his relics to the Cathedral of Turku. 2383:

Noteworthy is that king Eric was from Västergötaland, which was a part of the Diocese of Skara.

2002: 1786: 1526: 1073:). The poem almost completely ignores Henry's life and ministry and concentrates on his death. 993: 744: 261: 1313: 1053: 3022: 2853: 1758: 1437: 1405: 1264: 996: 990: 502: 441: 226: 215: 4154: 4149: 2405: 1805: 1558: 1162:

Painting of Lalli killing Henry. A romanticized drawing from the 19th century. Painting by

630: 455: 1175: 589:, and referred to as a saint, it was in the year 1391. Some sources claim that Henry was 505:

in 1289, after three years in office in Turku. The Swedish bishops of Finland before him,

8: 2938: 1678: 1451: 265: 2615: 1799:

in Finland, with a memorial service held every year on second Sunday in June before the

1580:

in 1220. Eric died of illness 1216. Almost nothing is known about his time as the king.

1544:

The first mention of a bishop in Finland is from a papal letter in 1209. It was sent to

1458:, who was allegedly slain and martyred in Finland, is too striking to be a coincidence. 3805: 3007: 2721: 2093: 1884: 1789:

to him. The cathedral was consecrated in 1860 and is headed by fr. Jean Claude Kabeza.

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Henry's (empty) sarcophagus in the church of Nousiainen with depictions of the crusade.

1514: 1502: 1482: 1344: 895: 748: 594: 552: 529: 451: 446: 433: 253: 146: 135: 102: 64: 32: 2694: 1583:

Nevertheless, someone was eventually appointed and installed as the new bishop, since

4095: 4065: 4046: 4006: 3978: 3946: 3924: 3906: 3888: 3861: 3838: 3817: 3792: 3774: 3611: 3553: 2774: 2707:

Description of Bishop Henry's Granary by the National Board of Antiquities of Finland

2514: 1584: 1549: 1325: 1309: 1305: 1113: 943: 935: 899: 483: 310: 230: 3651: 3628: 1965:(in Finnish). Kirkkohallitus, Suomen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko. 10 December 2019 444:

were also a part of the legend of King Eric. The appendix of the early 13th century

3619: 2949: 1872: 1778: 1670: 1601: 1577: 1565: 1410: 1301: 1283:

also confirmed Köyliö as the place of his death. Neither place is mentioned in the

1272: 833: 578: 533: 514: 187: 179: 76: 2983: 2854:

INCERTI SCRIPTORTS SUECI CHRONICON PRIMORUM IN ECCLESIA UPSALENSI ARCHIEPISCOPORUM

1454:. According to some historians, resemblance to later legend about an English-born 1337:

Incerti scriptoris Sueci chronicon primorum in ecclesia Upsalensi archiepiscoporum

1033: 489:

Noteworthy in the development of the legend is that the first canonically elected

3708: 3689: 3658: 3535: 3524: 3077: 3070: 3046: 3039: 2979: 2968: 2945: 2706: 2662: 2626: 2560: 2467: 2436: 2409: 2277: 2089: 2015: 1569: 1486: 1340: 1108: 1045: 975: 903: 845: 808: 518: 490: 345: 98: 565:, associating their alleged crusade to Finland with the new expeditions against 3810:

Les légendes hagiographiques. Quatrième édition. Subsidia hagiographica n:o 18A

3006:

Sigtuna is mentioned as the earlier location of the Uppsala see in a letter by

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Based on folk traditions about the bishop's activities, the municipalities of

513:. Related to the new situation was also the appointment of the king's brother 4143: 3701: 3448: 3366: 3338: 3319: 3283: 3233: 3206: 3195: 3184: 3173: 3162: 3151: 3140: 3129: 3118: 3107: 3011: 2309: 1896: 1682: 1681:

who had defected to the Russian side during the war and was in charge of the

1617: 1510: 1415: 1355: 1091:, which is also mentioned in conjunction with an unrelated early preacher in 687: 522: 498: 3682: 421:

Most versions of Henry's legend only include a selection of these miracles.

3018: 3015: 2906:. 2003. Föreläsning den 15 November 2003. 850-årsjubileum. Kyrkomötet 1153. 2429: 2152:

1976, p.17). According to Schück, Bero might have been the King's chaplain.

1754: 1726: 1506: 1472: 1396: 1367: 751:

from the early 15th century onwards. Another memorial was held on 18 June (

647: 590: 238: 156: 113: 3670: 818:

in honor of Henry has survived within the late 14th or early 15th century

666: 642: 1817: 1734: 1041: 963: 931: 739:

In the Bishopric of Turku, the annual feast day of Henry was 20 January (

586: 506: 474:

Yet, even as late as in the 1470s, the crusade legend was ignored in the

429: 339: 327:

The legend strongly emphasizes that Henry was a Bishop of Uppsala, not a

297: 269: 106: 1821: 1268: 1143: 959: 414: 1839: 1836: 1813: 1796: 1792: 1719: 1626: 1260: 967: 796: 691: 655:

of the church there, which status he had both in Turku and Nousiainen.

634: 593:

in 1158, but this information has been traced to a late publication by

459: 395: 42: 2995: 2961: 2837: 2471: 1350: 3661:

for a description of the ongoing Roman Catholic recognition of Henry.

1800: 1746: 1714: 1540:(sitting) was the first to inform the Pope about a bishop in Finland. 1158: 1150:. This province was first mentioned in historical documents in 1331. 1147: 1117:

in 1548, that the earliest Swedish settlers in Finland had come from

1092: 389: 3610:

As Heikki, Henrik, Henrikki, Henri. Note that also that the city of

724:, but he was largely ignored elsewhere in the Roman Catholic world. 478:, a chronicle of the history of Sweden, written by Ericus Olai, the 373:

The murderer lost his scalp when he put the bishop's hat on his head

3615: 1879: 1774: 1651: 1643: 1478: 1358:

Church, the site of the Uppsala bishops and archbishops until 1273.

1241: 971: 727: 637:

was rare outside the Diocese of Turku throughout the 14th century.

566: 273: 2412:. Coincidentally, also his relics were translated in 1300, to the 4128: 3574:

address to the Catholic, Lutheran and Orthodox bishops of Finland

1573: 1532: 1494: 1490: 1446: 1420: 1118: 1087: 875: 837: 811: 721: 700: 683: 613: 562: 556:

Henry pictured in the seal of Bishop Benedictus of Turku in 1332.

362: 306: 302: 222: 86: 1259:

Based on finds from medieval church ruins in the tiny island of

402: 4116: 3789:

Eesti Ajalugu I–II. 1997. History of Estonia, AS BIT 2000, 2002

3618:, which has a lot of residents of Finnish origins, celebrates " 2858:

tr. "Sweden's first CHRONICLE IN THE upsalensis Archiepiscopis"

2417: 1803:

festival. Also the medieval 140 km countryside route, the

1657: 1471:, who is first mentioned in 1234. It is however possible, that 704: 383: 234: 207: 128: 3683:

Information about the pilgrimage by the municipality of Köyliö

3622:" (anglicized Finnish for "Henry's Day") on the same day. See 2838:

Nordisk familjebok- On this page / på denna sida - Sevene ...

1730: 1630: 1374:, and appointed as the Bishop of Uppsala by him. Even though 1183: 1171: 1132:

origins, though the legend gives him as a native Englishman.

1124:

It has also been suggested that the name might be related to

1081:

According to the poem, Henry had grown up in "Cabbage Land" (

939: 714: 463: 366: 314: 249: 38: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3280:"Letter by Pope Alexander III to the Archbishop of Uppsala" 2695:

description by the National Board of Antiquities of Finland

1687: 1642:

The church was later adorned with a grandiose 15th century

1179: 1129: 679: 4210:

Pre-Reformation saints of the Lutheran liturgical calendar

509:, Ragvald and Kettil, had apparently been selected by the 3585:

John Paul II's letter to Cardinal Joachim Meisner on the

3291: 3071:

Adam of Bremen, Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum

3040:

Adam of Bremen, Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum

1738: 1419:

from the early 13th century, he had fled to Denmark from

343:

Bishop Henry surrounded by his successors as depicted in

2982:

claim that he was murdered by a Finnish slave. See also

1795:

in Lake Köyliönjärvi remains the only Catholic place of

1366:

claimed that Henry had come to Sweden in the retinue of

3316:"Letter by Pope Innocent III to the Archbishop of Lund" 2789: 1824:

use images from Henry's legend in their coats of arms.

1761:. Henry is currently commemorated on 19 January on the 1444:, who was slain and martyred while preaching among the 1128:, which would presumably have referred to the bishop's 1038:

Bishop Henry baptizes the Finns at the spring of Kuppis

3550:

Katolisempi kuin luulit: Aikamatkoja Suomen historiaan

1509:

to be appointed, and was a close acquaintance of both

543: 3671:

Official www site of the Catholic Diocese of Helsinki

3216: 1856: 1440:

Church) from 1075/6 about a certain foreigner called

469: 214:

in 1153 and was most likely designated to be the new

2603:"Sts Sunniva and Henrik: Scandinavian Martyr Saints" 2554:

About Bishop Henry by the Lutheran Church of Finland

2021:"Letter by Pope Alexander VI to the Bishop of Turku" 1852:

Saint Henry, Bishop of Finland, patron saint archive

597:

in 1623 and is generally regarded as a fabrication.

2571: 2569: 1485:was the first Pope to address the situation of the 407:

A man with a paralyzed leg could walk again in Kyrö

256:. His feast is celebrated by the majority Lutheran 3876:Suomen kansan historia I. Esihistoria ja keskiaika 3753:Moonsorrow – Köyliönjärven jäällä (Pakanavedet II) 2820: 2818: 2665:. Provided by the Köyliö Association; in Finnish. 2226: 2224: 1231: 4141: 2800: 2798: 2566: 1706:are currently stored in the Cathedral of Turku. 1673:during the Russian occupation of Finland in the 4080:Kirmukarmu – Monza – Roes – Vendel XIV. (SM 65) 3727:coats of arms with descriptions. Maintained by 3473: 3471: 2639: 2637: 2635: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1332:, who was appointed as the archbishop in 1164. 3962:Minkä mitäkin Vesilahden kirkon syntyvaiheista 3905:, Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 2914: 2912: 2815: 2717: 2715: 2611: 2609: 2300: 2298: 2262: 2260: 2221: 4165:12th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Sweden 3512: 3510: 3034:The first Uppland bishops were appointed for 2795: 2599: 2597: 2283: 2098:Medeltidslatin bland skaradjäknar 1943:1 s. 3 2037: 2035: 1572:in 1208 and 1218, who is known to have meant 1399:mention some Henry as the Bishop of Uppsala ( 1014: 376:The Bishop's finger was found the next Spring 3468: 2632: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 1922: 1830: 1677:. The man behind the idea was Swedish Count 1426:Noteworthy also, is a story written down by 424: 252:, Henry is an important figure in the early 248:Together with his alleged murderer, peasant 4235:12th-century English Roman Catholic bishops 3959: 2962:Saint Botvid in the New Catholic Dictionary 2909: 2712: 2606: 2530: 2295: 2257: 2254:Hausen's Registrum Ecclesiae Aboensis nr.27 1939: 720:Henry seems to have been known in northern 525:(1291–1308), who had been born in Finland. 4100:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4051:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3983:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3951:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3822:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3507: 2594: 2408:who had been canonized 19 January 1101 by 2032: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1980: 1698:. It was later placed inside the altar of 1021: 1007: 625:Despite the high-profile start of Henry's 536:from 1292 has the Virgin Mary as the sole 295:The legend of Bishop Henry's life, or his 4062:Satakunnan historia. III : Keskiaika 3445:"Letter by Bishop Thomas to his chaplain" 3246: 3244: 3230:"Letter by Bishop Thomas to his chaplain" 2501: 2430:Archbishop Jukka Paarma's speech on Henry 2404:19 January was also the memorial of King 1751:Congregation for the Causes of the Saints 1745:Although Henry has never been officially 1433:Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum 1391:Contradicting these claims, the medieval 1099:, whose local name was "Fish of Kaland" ( 585:of the Cathedral of Turku along with the 379:A boy was raised from the dead in Kaisala 4000: 3991: 3855: 3804: 3786: 3768: 3489: 3477: 3462: 3427: 2930: 2918: 2873: 2809: 2745: 2733: 2643: 2575: 2542: 2495: 2448: 2392: 2371: 2359: 2347: 2335: 2323: 2306:"Papal letter to chaplain of Nousiainen" 2289: 2266: 2242: 2121: 2109: 2070: 2058: 1994: 1945: 1933: 1725: 1713: 1656: 1616: 1531: 1477: 1349: 1157: 1032: 726: 651:veneration in Uppsala nor was he made a 612: 551: 428: 338: 206:20 January 1156) was a medieval English 4085: 4059: 3996:, Bibliotheca historica Lundensis XXXII 2937:were written in the Sigtuna Abbey. See 2824: 2762: 2724:, hosted by the University of Columbia. 2588: 2175:"Letter by the Turku cathedral chapter" 1977: 1915: 1709: 1661:Henry's finger depicted in the seal of 825: 633:. According to one biographer, Henry's 454:in 1300, when his alleged remains were 401:A blind woman got back her eyesight in 4142: 4077: 4036: 4027: 4018: 3968: 3900: 3740: 3254: 3250: 3241: 3058: 2890: 2526: 2133: 2096:. See also Beckman, Natanael (S1886): 1767:Evangelical Lutheran Church in America 1409:written soon after his death and from 3936: 3918: 3547: 3302: 3089: 2679:[MIDDLE AGES]. Archived from 2230: 2014:Bishop of Finland was renamed as the 1771:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada 1450:. Adam had heard the story from King 1290: 398:called Erlend had his headache healed 3882: 3873: 3830: 3598: 3518:news by the Turku and Kaarina parish 3501: 3266: 2483: 2161: 1718:Henry in the modern coat of arms of 1646:, whose replica can be found in the 1461: 1319: 1240:The poem, following the traditional 284: 3552:. Helsinki: Kirjapaja. p. 14. 3363:"Papal letter to Bishop of Finland" 3335:"Papal letter to King Eric in 1216" 3080:, online text in Latin. See III 53. 3049:, online text in Latin; scholia 94. 2722:Chronicon episcoporum Finlandensium 2047:Chronicon episcoporum Finlandensium 1324:There is no historical record of a 1281:Chronicon episcoporum Finlandensium 1153: 544:Appearance in the historical record 382:A girl was raised from the dead in 13: 4205:People whose existence is disputed 3964:, Vesilahti: Vesilahden seurakunta 3837:, Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 3702:Ecumenical pilgrimage of St. Henry 1737:refers to Bishop Henry, while the 1507:first missionary Bishop of Estonia 1076: 1064: 760: 470:Absence from the historical record 210:. He came to Sweden with Cardinal 14: 4246: 4109: 4003:Kristinuskon saapumisesta Suomeen 2271:History of the Cathedral of Turku 1228:into a lake and drowned himself. 1195:The bishop sings with the angels, 1040:, a pseudohistorical painting by 4127: 4115: 3921:Suomen varhaiskeskiajan lähteitä 3762: 3746: 3734: 3714: 3695: 1902: 1890: 1878: 1866: 1561:, yet another exile in Denmark. 1335:A certain Henry is mentioned in 1205:With his staff he strikes about: 1203:Into the thick smoke of torture. 844: 795:Problems playing this file? See 778: 617:Henry was also venerated in the 221:According to legend, he entered 31: 3676: 3664: 3644: 3604: 3592: 3579: 3566: 3541: 3495: 3483: 3456: 3437: 3434:and remains generally accepted. 3421: 3411: 3401: 3392: 3383: 3374: 3355: 3346: 3327: 3308: 3272: 3260: 3222: 3095: 3083: 3064: 3052: 3028: 3000: 2988: 2955: 2924: 2896: 2879: 2867: 2846: 2830: 2768: 2751: 2739: 2727: 2700: 2668: 2656:Linguistic analysis of the poem 2649: 2581: 2547: 2536: 2520: 2489: 2477: 2454: 2442: 2423: 2398: 2386: 2377: 2365: 2353: 2341: 2329: 2317: 2248: 2236: 2214:Historisk Tidskrift för Finland 2205: 2186: 2167: 2155: 2149:Historisk Tidskrift för Finland 2139: 2127: 2115: 2103: 1395:and the 13th century legend of 1370:Nicholas Breakspear, the later 571:war between Novgorod and Sweden 436:was the center of Henry's cult. 4230:English Roman Catholic bishops 4220:English expatriates in Finland 4180:Finnish Roman Catholic bishops 3625:"2007 Heikinpaiva Celebration" 3380:Diplomatarium Suecanum nr.181. 2076: 2064: 2052: 2008: 1951: 1625:Henry was allegedly buried in 1232:Development of folk traditions 1211:They assail his pitiful soul. 357:is followed by the more local 161:Catholic Cathedral of Helsinki 140:Catholic Cathedral of Helsinki 41:. Painting from the Church of 37:Henry walking on his murderer 1: 4215:English expatriates in Sweden 4160:12th-century Christian saints 4064:, Satakunnan maakuntaliitto, 3576:, 7 January 1985. In English. 2515:The Death-lay of Bishop Henry 1773:. 19 January is also Henry's 1741:refers to his murderer Lalli. 1696:National Board of Antiquities 1199:Lalli is skiing down in hell. 608: 203: 74:Traditionally 20 January 1156 59: 16:Bishop of Finland (died 1156) 4028:Rebane, Peep Peeter (1989), 4019:Rebane, Peep Peeter (2001), 3834:Evangelical Lutheran Worship 3589:, 17 January 2005. In Latin. 3217:National Archives of Finland 2280:by the Archdiocese of Turku. 2194:"Letter by Pope Nicholas IV" 2164:, pp. 122–123, 132–134. 1959:"Pyhän Henrikin muistopäivä" 1401:Henricus scilicet Upsalensis 264:. He is commemorated in the 7: 3971:Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon 1845: 501:origin, was elected as the 388:A sick woman was healed in 10: 4251: 4200:People of medieval Finland 4005:, Vammalan Kirjapaino Oy, 3994:Annales suecici medii aevi 3960:Lähteenmäki, Eino (1946), 3923:, Gummerus kirjapaino Oy, 3787:Andresen, Lembit (2002) , 3771:Mikael Agricolan teokset 1 1763:calendar of commemorations 1648:National Museum of Finland 1393:Annales Suecici Medii Aevi 1201:His left ski slides along. 1071:Piispa Henrikin surmavirsi 528:In 1291 a document by the 413:A group of fishermen from 262:Catholic Church of Finland 243:Catholic Church in Finland 51:Bishop, missionary, martyr 3903:Suomen kansallisbiografia 3856:Heikkilä, Tuomas (2005), 3769:Agricola, Mikael (1987), 3523:29 September 2007 at the 2466:27 September 2007 at the 1831:In modern popular culture 1612: 1607: 1207:Demons beset him cruelly. 1191:Now the bishop is in joy, 425:Development of the legend 279: 233:of Sweden, and died as a 165: 155: 145: 125: 112: 94: 70: 55: 50: 30: 23: 4134:Henry, Bishop of Finland 4122:Henry, Bishop of Uppsala 4086:Åsbrink, Gustav (1935), 4078:Werner, Joachim (1958), 4001:Purhonen, Paula (1998), 3025:I nr 852. Originalbrev). 2967:19 November 2008 at the 2944:27 December 2007 at the 2904:Kardinalen som blev påve 2435:28 December 2006 at the 2414:Saint Canute's Cathedral 1576:both times. Sweden also 1136:the Henry in the church 988:Finnish-Novgorodian wars 462:, a parish not far from 229:together with the king, 4225:English Roman Catholics 4195:Medieval Swedish saints 4190:Medieval English saints 4088:Svea Rikes Ärkebiskopar 4060:Suvanto, Seppo (1973), 3992:Paulsson, Göte (1974), 3874:Juva, Einar W. (1964), 3650:See the Catholic Forum 3076:7 February 2005 at the 3045:7 February 2005 at the 2693:; in Finnish. See also 2587:Linna,1996, pp.151–158. 2269:, p. 95. See also 2088:24 January 2004 at the 2041:For example, in Bishop 1733:in the coat of arms of 1197:Performs a joyful hymn. 807:("Let all rejoice"), a 476:Chronica regni Gothorum 4132:Quotations related to 3969:Nygren, Ernst (1953), 3937:Linna, Martti (1996), 3919:Linna, Martti (1989), 3901:Klinge, Matti (1998), 3885:Suomalaisten keskiaika 3858:Pyhän Henrikin Legenda 3389:Linna, 1996 pp.192–202 3213:Diplomatarium Fennicum 2780:"Estonian Middle Ages" 2276:22 August 2007 at the 2003:University of Helsinki 1742: 1723: 1666: 1622: 1541: 1527:Second Swedish Crusade 1498: 1438:Bishops of the Hamburg 1359: 1214: 1209:In the swelter of hell 1193:Lalli in evil torture. 1167: 1048: 994:Second Swedish Crusade 765: 736: 622: 557: 437: 410:A sick girl was healed 350: 199: 191: 183: 4037:Schmid, Toni (1934), 3707:6 August 2007 at the 3451:on 27 September 2007. 3369:on 27 September 2007. 3341:on 27 September 2007. 3286:on 27 September 2007. 3236:on 27 September 2007. 3187:on 27 September 2007. 3176:on 27 September 2007. 3165:on 27 September 2007. 3154:on 27 September 2007. 3143:on 27 September 2007. 3121:on 27 September 2007. 3023:Svenskt Diplomatarium 2978:8 August 2007 at the 2843:, accessed 3 May 2021 2629:. 2006/8. In Finnish. 2312:on 27 September 2007. 2200:on 27 September 2007. 2181:on 27 September 2007. 2027:on 27 September 2007. 1793:The Kirkkokari island 1759:Roman Catholic Church 1729: 1717: 1700:St. Henry's Cathedral 1660: 1620: 1535: 1481: 1406:Chronicon Roskildense 1353: 1188: 1161: 1036: 997:Third Swedish Crusade 991:First Swedish Crusade 764: 730: 616: 555: 503:Archbishop of Uppsala 432: 342: 216:Archbishop of Uppsala 4124:at Wikimedia Commons 4039:Sverige's kristnande 3883:Kari, Risto (2004), 3657:29 June 2007 at the 3548:Anton, Emil (2017). 3534:26 June 2007 at the 2472:The European Library 2406:Canute IV of Denmark 2292:, pp. 100, 445. 1963:Kirkkovuosikalenteri 1916:Notes and references 1710:Henry's status today 1362:A late 15th century 826:Political dimensions 631:Cathedral of Uppsala 309:at the time of King 266:liturgical calendars 260:, as well as by the 212:Nicholas Breakspeare 3806:Delehaye, Hippolyte 3725:Köyliö and Kokemäki 3688:8 June 2007 at the 3652:Patron Saints Index 3631:on 15 December 2007 3092:, pp. 148–207. 3036:Sictunam et Ubsalam 2902:Bergquist, Anders. 2864:accessed 3 May 2021 2661:4 July 2007 at the 2625:4 July 2007 at the 2578:, pp. 246–256. 2559:24 May 2007 at the 2486:, pp. 110–112. 2395:, pp. 118–125. 2136:, pp. 216–242. 1690:had been placed in 1679:Gustaf Otto Douglas 1452:Sweyn II of Denmark 1388:from 1150 to 1158. 1314:Bishop of Linköping 1273:dendrochronological 1054:Bishop of Linköping 749:liturgical calendar 361:, a list of eleven 3729:Suomen Kuntaliitto 3529:article 21.06.2007 3492:, pp. 257–61. 3453:in 1234. In Latin. 3371:in 1221. In Latin. 3322:on 14 August 2007. 3257:, pp. 171–200 3253:, pp. 37–68. 3209:on 14 August 2007. 3198:on 14 August 2007. 3132:on 14 August 2007. 3110:on 14 August 2007. 3038:in the 1060s. See 3008:Pope Alexander III 2790:Estonian Institute 2618:Tieteessä tapahtuu 2314:in 1232. In Latin. 2202:in 1292. In Latin. 2183:in 1291. In Latin. 2094:University of Lund 2029:in 1259. In Latin. 1743: 1724: 1675:Great Northern War 1667: 1663:Bishopric of Turku 1623: 1542: 1515:Archbishop of Lund 1503:Pope Alexander III 1499: 1483:Pope Alexander III 1360: 1345:Cathedral of Turku 1291:Historical sources 1168: 1049: 1044:from the 1850s in 766: 737: 623: 595:Johannes Vastovius 558: 452:Cathedral of Turku 442:crusade to Finland 438: 434:Cathedral of Turku 351: 254:history of Finland 169:Existence disputed 136:Cathedral of Turku 103:Anglican Communion 65:Kingdom of England 4120:Media related to 3559:978-952-288-620-0 2786:on 2 August 2012. 2775:Bishop Theoderich 2092:as hosted by the 1936:, pp. 55–62. 1806:Saint Henry's Way 1753:and the official 1585:Pope Honorius III 1550:Pope Innocent III 1546:Archbishop Anders 1462:Bishop of Finland 1326:Bishop of Uppsala 1320:Bishop of Uppsala 1310:Bishop of Estonia 1306:Battle of Fotevik 1114:Se Wsi Testamenti 1031: 1030: 949: 948: 785: 619:Cathedral of Lund 530:cathedral chapter 484:Uppsala cathedral 329:Bishop of Finland 258:Church of Finland 173: 172: 95:Venerated in 4242: 4131: 4119: 4105: 4099: 4091: 4082: 4074: 4056: 4050: 4042: 4033: 4024: 4015: 3997: 3988: 3982: 3974: 3965: 3956: 3950: 3942: 3933: 3915: 3897: 3879: 3870: 3852: 3847:, archived from 3827: 3821: 3813: 3801: 3783: 3756: 3750: 3744: 3738: 3732: 3718: 3712: 3699: 3693: 3680: 3674: 3668: 3662: 3648: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3627:. Archived from 3608: 3602: 3596: 3590: 3583: 3577: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3545: 3539: 3514: 3505: 3499: 3493: 3487: 3481: 3475: 3466: 3460: 3454: 3452: 3447:. Archived from 3441: 3435: 3425: 3419: 3415: 3409: 3405: 3399: 3396: 3390: 3387: 3381: 3378: 3372: 3370: 3365:. Archived from 3359: 3353: 3350: 3344: 3342: 3337:. Archived from 3331: 3325: 3323: 3318:. Archived from 3312: 3306: 3300: 3289: 3287: 3282:. Archived from 3276: 3270: 3264: 3258: 3248: 3239: 3237: 3232:. Archived from 3226: 3220: 3210: 3205:. Archived from 3199: 3194:. Archived from 3188: 3183:. Archived from 3177: 3172:. Archived from 3166: 3161:. Archived from 3155: 3150:. Archived from 3144: 3139:. Archived from 3133: 3128:. Archived from 3122: 3117:. Archived from 3111: 3106:. Archived from 3099: 3093: 3087: 3081: 3068: 3062: 3056: 3050: 3032: 3026: 3004: 2998: 2992: 2986: 2959: 2953: 2950:Foteviken Museum 2928: 2922: 2916: 2907: 2900: 2894: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2865: 2862:www.columbia.edu 2850: 2844: 2834: 2828: 2822: 2813: 2802: 2793: 2787: 2782:. Archived from 2772: 2766: 2755: 2749: 2743: 2737: 2731: 2725: 2719: 2710: 2704: 2698: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2672: 2666: 2653: 2647: 2641: 2630: 2613: 2604: 2601: 2592: 2585: 2579: 2573: 2564: 2551: 2545: 2540: 2534: 2531:Lähteenmäki 1946 2524: 2518: 2512: 2499: 2493: 2487: 2481: 2475: 2461:Graduale Aboense 2458: 2452: 2446: 2440: 2427: 2421: 2402: 2396: 2390: 2384: 2381: 2375: 2369: 2363: 2357: 2351: 2345: 2339: 2333: 2327: 2321: 2315: 2313: 2308:. Archived from 2302: 2293: 2287: 2281: 2264: 2255: 2252: 2246: 2240: 2234: 2228: 2219: 2209: 2203: 2201: 2196:. Archived from 2190: 2184: 2182: 2177:. Archived from 2171: 2165: 2159: 2153: 2143: 2137: 2131: 2125: 2119: 2113: 2107: 2101: 2080: 2074: 2068: 2062: 2056: 2050: 2039: 2030: 2028: 2023:. Archived from 2012: 2006: 1992: 1975: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1955: 1949: 1943: 1937: 1931: 1907: 1906: 1905: 1895: 1894: 1893: 1883: 1882: 1871: 1870: 1869: 1862: 1671:Saint Petersburg 1578:attacked Estonia 1411:Saxo Grammaticus 1302:Saxo Grammaticus 1154:Death and burial 1103:, also known as 1023: 1016: 1009: 859: 858: 848: 834:Christianization 830: 829: 820:Graduale Aboense 787: 786: 763: 579:Pope Boniface IX 534:Pope Nicholas IV 515:Bengt Birgersson 417:survived a storm 332:in Finland. The 305:-born bishop in 205: 131: 90: 61: 35: 21: 20: 4250: 4249: 4245: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4240: 4239: 4185:Lutheran saints 4175:Catholic saints 4170:Anglican saints 4140: 4139: 4112: 4093: 4092: 4072: 4044: 4043: 4013: 3976: 3975: 3944: 3943: 3931: 3913: 3895: 3868: 3851:on 21 June 2010 3845: 3815: 3814: 3799: 3781: 3765: 3760: 3759: 3755:– Genius Lyrics 3751: 3747: 3739: 3735: 3719: 3715: 3709:Wayback Machine 3700: 3696: 3690:Wayback Machine 3681: 3677: 3669: 3665: 3659:Wayback Machine 3649: 3645: 3634: 3632: 3623: 3609: 3605: 3597: 3593: 3584: 3580: 3572:John Paul II's 3571: 3567: 3560: 3546: 3542: 3536:Wayback Machine 3525:Wayback Machine 3515: 3508: 3500: 3496: 3488: 3484: 3476: 3469: 3461: 3457: 3443: 3442: 3438: 3426: 3422: 3416: 3412: 3406: 3402: 3397: 3393: 3388: 3384: 3379: 3375: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3347: 3333: 3332: 3328: 3314: 3313: 3309: 3301: 3292: 3278: 3277: 3273: 3265: 3261: 3249: 3242: 3228: 3227: 3223: 3201: 3190: 3179: 3168: 3157: 3146: 3135: 3124: 3113: 3102: 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2140: 2132: 2128: 2120: 2116: 2108: 2104: 2090:Wayback Machine 2081: 2077: 2069: 2065: 2057: 2053: 2040: 2033: 2019: 2016:Bishop of Turku 2013: 2009: 1993: 1978: 1968: 1966: 1957: 1956: 1952: 1944: 1940: 1932: 1923: 1918: 1913: 1903: 1901: 1891: 1889: 1877: 1867: 1865: 1857: 1848: 1833: 1757:process of the 1712: 1683:grim occupation 1615: 1610: 1570:King of Denmark 1464: 1322: 1293: 1265:A small granary 1234: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1206: 1204: 1202: 1200: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1192: 1156: 1109:Mikael Agricola 1079: 1077:Henry's origins 1067: 1065:Folk traditions 1046:Turku cathedral 1027: 976:Turku Cathedral 828: 805:Gaudeamus omnes 802: 801: 793: 791: 790: 789: 788: 779: 776: 773:Gaudeamus omnes 767: 761: 733:Gaudeamus omnes 611: 605:of Nousiainen. 546: 519:Duke of Finland 497:(1286–1289) of 491:Bishop of Turku 472: 427: 346:Missale Aboense 293: 282: 237:, becoming the 126: 105: 101: 99:Catholic Church 84: 75: 63: 46: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4248: 4238: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4138: 4137: 4125: 4111: 4110:External links 4108: 4107: 4106: 4083: 4075: 4070: 4057: 4034: 4025: 4023:, Tartu: Kleio 4016: 4011: 3998: 3989: 3966: 3957: 3934: 3929: 3916: 3911: 3898: 3893: 3880: 3871: 3866: 3853: 3843: 3828: 3802: 3797: 3784: 3779: 3773:, Söderström, 3764: 3761: 3758: 3757: 3745: 3733: 3713: 3694: 3675: 3663: 3643: 3603: 3591: 3578: 3565: 3558: 3540: 3506: 3504:, p. 135. 3494: 3482: 3480:, p. 108. 3467: 3455: 3436: 3420: 3410: 3400: 3391: 3382: 3373: 3354: 3345: 3326: 3307: 3290: 3271: 3269:, p. 125. 3259: 3240: 3221: 3215:hosted by the 3101:Papal letters 3094: 3082: 3063: 3051: 3027: 3021:in the 1170s ( 2999: 2987: 2954: 2923: 2908: 2895: 2878: 2866: 2845: 2829: 2814: 2806:Karl Magnusson 2794: 2767: 2750: 2738: 2726: 2711: 2699: 2683:on 28 May 2007 2667: 2648: 2646:, p. 253. 2631: 2605: 2593: 2580: 2565: 2546: 2535: 2519: 2500: 2498:, p. 256. 2488: 2476: 2453: 2441: 2422: 2397: 2385: 2376: 2364: 2352: 2350:, p. 204. 2340: 2338:, p. 116. 2328: 2316: 2294: 2282: 2256: 2247: 2235: 2233:, p. 113. 2220: 2204: 2185: 2166: 2154: 2138: 2126: 2124:, p. 234. 2114: 2112:, p. 189. 2102: 2075: 2073:, p. 172. 2063: 2051: 2043:Paulus Juusten 2031: 2007: 1976: 1950: 1948:, p. 100. 1938: 1920: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1911: 1899: 1887: 1875: 1855: 1854: 1847: 1844: 1832: 1829: 1783:sole cathedral 1711: 1708: 1692:Bishop Hemming 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1538:Anders Sunesen 1463: 1460: 1428:Adam of Bremen 1385:Paulus Juusten 1372:Pope Adrian IV 1321: 1318: 1292: 1289: 1275:examinations. 1267:in the nearby 1233: 1230: 1224:to be buried. 1189: 1155: 1152: 1078: 1075: 1066: 1063: 1029: 1028: 1026: 1025: 1018: 1011: 1003: 1000: 999: 984: 983: 979: 978: 956: 955: 951: 950: 947: 946: 928: 927: 923: 922: 912: 911: 907: 906: 892: 891: 887: 886: 864: 863: 855: 854: 850: 849: 841: 840: 827: 824: 792: 777: 770: 769: 768: 759: 758: 757: 718: 717: 708: 694: 673: 639:Vadstena Abbey 610: 607: 545: 542: 511:King of Sweden 471: 468: 440:Henry and his 426: 423: 419: 418: 411: 408: 405: 399: 392: 386: 380: 377: 374: 311:Eric the Saint 292: 283: 281: 278: 171: 170: 167: 163: 162: 159: 153: 152: 149: 143: 142: 132: 123: 122: 116: 110: 109: 96: 92: 91: 72: 68: 67: 57: 53: 52: 48: 47: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4247: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4135: 4130: 4126: 4123: 4118: 4114: 4113: 4103: 4097: 4089: 4084: 4081: 4076: 4073: 4071:951-95095-0-X 4067: 4063: 4058: 4054: 4048: 4040: 4035: 4032: 4026: 4022: 4017: 4014: 4012:951-9057-31-5 4008: 4004: 3999: 3995: 3990: 3986: 3980: 3972: 3967: 3963: 3958: 3954: 3948: 3940: 3935: 3932: 3930:951-96006-1-2 3926: 3922: 3917: 3914: 3912:951-746-441-X 3908: 3904: 3899: 3896: 3894:951-0-28321-5 3890: 3886: 3881: 3877: 3872: 3869: 3867:951-746-738-9 3863: 3859: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3844:951-746-441-X 3840: 3836: 3835: 3831:ECLA (2006), 3829: 3825: 3819: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3800: 3798:9985-2-0606-1 3794: 3790: 3785: 3782: 3780:951-0-13900-9 3776: 3772: 3767: 3766: 3763:Cited sources 3754: 3749: 3742: 3737: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3717: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3698: 3691: 3687: 3684: 3679: 3672: 3667: 3660: 3656: 3653: 3647: 3630: 3626: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3607: 3601:, p. 15. 3600: 3595: 3588: 3582: 3575: 3569: 3561: 3555: 3551: 3544: 3537: 3533: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3519: 3513: 3511: 3503: 3498: 3491: 3490:Heikkilä 2005 3486: 3479: 3478:Heikkilä 2005 3474: 3472: 3464: 3463:Purhonen 1998 3459: 3450: 3446: 3440: 3433: 3429: 3428:Heikkilä 2005 3424: 3414: 3404: 3395: 3386: 3377: 3368: 3364: 3358: 3349: 3340: 3336: 3330: 3321: 3317: 3311: 3304: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3285: 3281: 3275: 3268: 3263: 3256: 3252: 3247: 3245: 3235: 3231: 3225: 3218: 3214: 3208: 3204: 3197: 3193: 3186: 3182: 3175: 3171: 3164: 3160: 3153: 3149: 3142: 3138: 3131: 3127: 3120: 3116: 3109: 3105: 3098: 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In Swedish. 2996: 2991: 2984: 2981: 2977: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2963: 2958: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2931:Paulsson 1974 2927: 2921:, p. 59. 2920: 2919:Heikkilä 2005 2915: 2913: 2905: 2899: 2892: 2888: 2887:Anglia docens 2882: 2876:, p. 60. 2875: 2874:Heikkilä 2005 2870: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2849: 2842: 2839: 2833: 2826: 2821: 2819: 2811: 2810:Andresen 2002 2807: 2801: 2799: 2791: 2785: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2764: 2760: 2754: 2748:, p. 78. 2747: 2746:Heikkilä 2005 2742: 2735: 2734:Delehaye 1955 2730: 2723: 2718: 2716: 2708: 2703: 2697:; in Finnish. 2696: 2682: 2678: 2671: 2664: 2660: 2657: 2652: 2645: 2644:Heikkilä 2005 2640: 2638: 2636: 2628: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2612: 2610: 2600: 2598: 2590: 2584: 2577: 2576:Heikkilä 2005 2572: 2570: 2562: 2558: 2555: 2550: 2544: 2543:Agricola 1987 2539: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2517:. In Finnish. 2516: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2497: 2496:Heikkilä 2005 2492: 2485: 2480: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2462: 2457: 2450: 2449:Heikkilä 2005 2445: 2439:. In Finnish. 2438: 2434: 2431: 2426: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2401: 2394: 2393:Heikkilä 2005 2389: 2380: 2374:, p. 79. 2373: 2372:Heikkilä 2005 2368: 2362:, p. 87. 2361: 2360:Heikkilä 2005 2356: 2349: 2348:Heikkilä 2005 2344: 2337: 2336:Heikkilä 2005 2332: 2326:, p. 86. 2325: 2324:Heikkilä 2005 2320: 2311: 2307: 2301: 2299: 2291: 2290:Heikkilä 2005 2286: 2279: 2275: 2272: 2268: 2267:Heikkilä 2005 2263: 2261: 2251: 2245:, p. 97. 2244: 2243:Heikkilä 2005 2239: 2232: 2227: 2225: 2216: 2215: 2208: 2199: 2195: 2189: 2180: 2176: 2170: 2163: 2158: 2151: 2150: 2142: 2135: 2130: 2123: 2122:Heikkilä 2005 2118: 2111: 2110:Heikkilä 2005 2106: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2084: 2083:Original text 2079: 2072: 2071:Heikkilä 2005 2067: 2061:, p. 188 2060: 2059:Heikkilä 2005 2055: 2048: 2044: 2038: 2036: 2026: 2022: 2018:by 1259, see 2017: 2011: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1995:Heikkilä 2005 1991: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1964: 1960: 1954: 1947: 1946:Heikkilä 2005 1942: 1935: 1934:Heikkilä 2005 1930: 1928: 1926: 1921: 1910: 1900: 1898: 1888: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1874: 1864: 1863: 1860: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1810: 1808: 1807: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1721: 1716: 1707: 1703: 1702:in Helsinki. 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1664: 1659: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1639: 1636: 1635:Bishop Thomas 1632: 1628: 1619: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1589: 1586: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1551: 1547: 1539: 1534: 1530: 1528: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1448: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1417: 1416:Gesta Danorum 1412: 1408: 1407: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1386: 1382: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1357: 1356:Gamla Uppsala 1352: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1297: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1276: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1257: 1255: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1238: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1187: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1165: 1160: 1151: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1139: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1115: 1111:wrote in his 1110: 1106: 1102: 1101:Kalannin kala 1098: 1094: 1090: 1089: 1084: 1074: 1072: 1062: 1058: 1055: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1024: 1019: 1017: 1012: 1010: 1005: 1004: 1002: 1001: 998: 995: 992: 989: 986: 985: 981: 980: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 958: 957: 953: 952: 945: 941: 937: 933: 930: 929: 925: 924: 921: 917: 914: 913: 909: 908: 905: 901: 897: 896:Alexander III 894: 893: 889: 888: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 866: 865: 861: 860: 857: 856: 852: 851: 847: 843: 842: 839: 835: 832: 831: 823: 821: 817: 813: 810: 806: 800: 798: 775: 774: 756: 754: 750: 746: 742: 734: 729: 725: 723: 716: 712: 709: 706: 702: 698: 695: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 674: 672: 668: 664: 661: 660: 659: 656: 654: 650: 649: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 620: 615: 606: 604: 598: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 574: 572: 568: 564: 554: 550: 541: 539: 535: 531: 526: 524: 523:Bishop Magnus 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 487: 485: 481: 477: 467: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 448: 447:Västgötalagen 443: 435: 431: 422: 416: 412: 409: 406: 404: 400: 397: 393: 391: 387: 385: 381: 378: 375: 372: 371: 370: 368: 364: 360: 356: 348: 347: 341: 337: 335: 330: 325: 322: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 299: 291: 287: 277: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 246: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 227:First Crusade 224: 219: 217: 213: 209: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 168: 164: 160: 158: 154: 150: 148: 144: 141: 138:, today only 137: 133: 130: 124: 121: 117: 115: 111: 108: 104: 100: 97: 93: 88: 82: 81:Finnic tribal 78: 73: 69: 66: 58: 54: 49: 44: 40: 34: 29: 22: 19: 4136:at Wikiquote 4087: 4079: 4061: 4038: 4029: 4020: 4002: 3993: 3970: 3961: 3938: 3920: 3902: 3884: 3875: 3857: 3849:the original 3833: 3809: 3788: 3770: 3748: 3736: 3728: 3716: 3697: 3678: 3666: 3646: 3635:28 September 3633:. Retrieved 3629:the original 3606: 3594: 3581: 3568: 3549: 3543: 3497: 3485: 3458: 3449:the original 3439: 3431: 3423: 3413: 3403: 3394: 3385: 3376: 3367:the original 3357: 3348: 3339:the original 3329: 3320:the original 3310: 3284:the original 3274: 3262: 3234:the original 3224: 3212: 3211:. In Latin. 3207:the original 3196:the original 3185:the original 3174:the original 3163:the original 3152:the original 3141:the original 3130:the original 3119:the original 3108:the original 3097: 3085: 3066: 3054: 3035: 3030: 3019:Birger Brosa 3010:to the King 3002: 2990: 2973:Some sources 2957: 2934: 2926: 2903: 2898: 2886: 2881: 2869: 2861: 2860:) In Latin, 2857: 2848: 2841:runeberg.org 2840: 2832: 2825:Åsbrink 1935 2784:the original 2770: 2763:Åsbrink 1935 2753: 2741: 2729: 2702: 2685:. Retrieved 2681:the original 2670: 2651: 2617: 2589:Suvanto 1973 2583: 2549: 2538: 2522: 2491: 2479: 2456: 2444: 2425: 2400: 2388: 2379: 2367: 2355: 2343: 2331: 2319: 2310:the original 2285: 2250: 2238: 2212: 2207: 2198:the original 2188: 2179:the original 2169: 2157: 2147: 2141: 2129: 2117: 2105: 2097: 2078: 2066: 2054: 2046: 2025:the original 2010: 1967:. Retrieved 1962: 1953: 1941: 1834: 1826: 1811: 1804: 1791: 1777:(so-called " 1755:canonization 1744: 1704: 1668: 1640: 1624: 1590: 1582: 1563: 1559:King Sverker 1543: 1523: 1500: 1465: 1455: 1445: 1441: 1431: 1425: 1414: 1404: 1400: 1397:Saint Botvid 1392: 1390: 1381:legenda nova 1380: 1376:legenda nova 1375: 1368:papal legate 1364:legenda nova 1363: 1361: 1336: 1334: 1323: 1312:in 1219 and 1304:said of the 1298: 1294: 1284: 1280: 1277: 1258: 1250: 1245: 1239: 1235: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1215: 1190: 1176:Köyliönjärvi 1169: 1142: 1137: 1134: 1123: 1112: 1105:Hunnun herra 1104: 1100: 1086: 1082: 1080: 1070: 1068: 1059: 1050: 1037: 900:Innocent III 871: 819: 804: 803: 794: 772: 752: 740: 738: 732: 719: 710: 696: 675: 663:Totum duplex 662: 657: 652: 648:totum duplex 646: 626: 624: 602: 599: 582: 575: 559: 547: 537: 527: 488: 475: 473: 445: 439: 420: 358: 354: 352: 344: 333: 326: 323: 318: 296: 294: 289: 285: 247: 239:patron saint 220: 175: 174: 120:congregation 18: 4155:1156 deaths 4150:1100 births 3973:, Stockholm 3941:, Jyväskylä 3812:, Bruxelles 3741:Klinge 1998 3620:Heikinpäivä 3527:. See also 3343:. In Latin. 3324:. In Latin. 3288:. In Latin. 3255:Rebane 2001 3251:Rebane 1989 3238:. In Latin. 3059:Schmid 1934 2891:Schmid 1934 2757:Archbishop 2687:13 December 2677:"KESKIAIKA" 2616:Article in 2527:Werner 1958 2134:Nygren 1953 1885:Catholicism 1779:Heikinpäivä 1548:of Lund by 1536:Archbishop 1489:mission in 1252:a medieval 1164:C. A. Ekman 1042:R. W. Ekman 932:Birger Jarl 910:Archbishops 745:Reformation 741:talviheikki 678:: Uppsala, 587:Virgin Mary 458:there from 268:of several 225:during the 166:Controversy 107:Lutheranism 77:Lake Köyliö 45:about 1450. 4144:Categories 3721:Nousiainen 3303:Linna 1989 3090:Linna 1996 2939:an article 2231:Linna 1989 1969:20 January 1840:Moonsorrow 1837:metal band 1814:Nousiainen 1797:pilgrimage 1720:Nousiainen 1665:from 1618. 1627:Nousiainen 1436:(Deeds of 1261:Kirkkokari 1107:). Bishop 968:Nousiainen 904:Gregory IX 797:media help 753:kesäheikki 697:Semiduplex 635:veneration 609:Veneration 540:in Turku. 460:Nousiainen 456:translated 396:Franciscan 276:churches. 231:Saint Eric 151:19 January 43:Taivassalo 4090:, Uppsala 4041:, Uppsala 3791:, Avita, 3599:ECLA 2006 3516:See e.g. 3502:Kari 2004 3432:Chronicon 3267:Juva 1964 2885:Medieval 2484:Kari 2004 2162:Kari 2004 1873:Biography 1801:Midsummer 1787:dedicated 1747:canonized 1602:Folquinus 1529:in 1249. 1316:in 1220. 1148:Satakunta 1097:Satakunta 1093:Vesilahti 954:Locations 944:King Eric 809:Gregorian 731:Original 671:Strängnäs 667:Linköping 665:: Turku, 643:Linköping 591:canonized 390:Sastamala 208:clergyman 157:Patronage 114:Canonized 4096:citation 4047:citation 4031:Vaticano 3979:citation 3947:citation 3887:, WSOY, 3818:citation 3808:(1955), 3705:Archived 3686:Archived 3655:Archived 3616:Michigan 3532:Archived 3521:Archived 3074:Archived 3043:Archived 2976:Archived 2965:Archived 2942:Archived 2759:Johannes 2659:Archived 2623:Archived 2620:magazine 2557:Archived 2464:Archived 2433:Archived 2274:Archived 2086:Archived 1846:See also 1822:Kokemäki 1775:name day 1769:and the 1652:Helsinki 1644:cenotaph 1555:Valerius 1487:Catholic 1456:Henricus 1341:Siwardus 1269:Kokemäki 1242:Kalevala 1144:Kokemäki 1130:Scottish 1095:, upper 1083:Kaalimaa 972:Koroinen 960:Kokemäki 920:Valerius 814:for the 688:Västerås 653:patronus 603:patronus 583:patronus 567:Novgorod 415:Kokemäki 363:miracles 359:miracula 353:Henry's 319:Henricus 290:miracula 274:Anglican 270:Lutheran 200:Henricus 134:Earlier 3878:, Otava 3860:, SKS, 3612:Hancock 2948:by the 2935:Annales 2804:Bishop 2788:by the 2001:of the 1909:Finland 1859:Portals 1765:of the 1598:Rodulff 1574:Estonia 1495:Finland 1491:Estonia 1447:Sueones 1442:Hericus 1430:in his 1421:Sigtuna 1119:Gotland 936:Sergius 876:Rodulff 862:Bishops 838:Finland 812:introit 722:Germany 711:Simplex 701:Nidaros 684:Denmark 581:as the 563:Karelia 538:patrona 517:as the 482:of the 307:Uppsala 303:English 241:of the 223:Finland 202:; died 188:Swedish 180:Finnish 87:Finland 4068: 4009: 3927: 3909: 3891: 3864: 3841: 3795: 3777: 3556: 3203:"1232" 3192:"1229" 3181:"1229" 3170:"1229" 3159:"1229" 3148:"1229" 3137:"1229" 3126:"1229" 3115:"1221" 3104:"1209" 2933:. The 2777:. See 2418:Odense 1999:server 1897:Saints 1818:Köyliö 1735:Säkylä 1613:Relics 1608:Legacy 1594:Thomas 1519:Stefan 1517:, and 1513:, the 1469:Thomas 1330:Stefan 1126:Gaelic 1088:Kaland 982:Events 964:Köyliö 926:Others 916:Anders 868:Thomas 853:People 705:Norway 676:Duplex 627:cultus 569:. 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