424:. "Then Eric the Saint asked the people of Finland to accept Christianity and make peace with him. But when they refused to accept it, he fought against them and conquered them by the sword, avenging the blood of the Christian men which they had spilled often and for a long time. And when he had scored such an honourable victory he prayed to God, falling on his knees with tears in his eyes. Then one of his good men asked why he cried, since he should rejoice over the honourable victory which he had won over the enemies of Jesus Christ and the holy faith. He then replied: I am happy and praise God since he gave us victory. But I greatly regret that so many souls were lost today, who could have gained eternal life if they had accepted Christianity." Erik persuaded an English
327:
483:
himself to wear a shirt of horsehair, which he used when he was mortifying the flesh ... How he dealt with his secret enemy which is in the sexual parts, that is seen from the circumstance, that when he observed celibacy at fasting or religious celebrations, he often took a secret bath in a cold tub of water - even in wintertime - thus expelling non-permissible body heat with the cold." While much of this may reasonably be regarded as hagiographical stereotypes, the scientific investigation of his remains shows that he consumed much freshwater fish, indicating observance of fasts.
703:
of his demise, and that they would soon publish a detailed account. Twenty-three of the twenty-four bones in the reliquary came from the same 35 to 40-year-old male (the other bone, a shinbone, is from a male from the same time period). The dead person was a strongly built man of about 171 centimeters, adequately fed and well-trained. Not only did the bones display healed wounds consistent with the
Finnish crusade and a lifetime of battles, the decapitated body contained multiple stab wounds in the back from around the time of death. Further injuries to the
649:
until c. 1220. Erik's son Knut encouraged veneration of his father as a martyr, as seen from the so-called
Vallentuna Calendar from 1198. Facts and fiction about his life were inseparably mixed together, including the alleged miracle of a fountain springing from the earth where the king's head fell after being cut off. In 1273, a century after Knut consolidated Sweden, Erik's relics and regalia were transferred to the present cathedral of Uppsala, built on the martyrdom site. The translation both displayed and extended the depth of his religious following.
634:
436:
758:'Trinity church' at Mons Domini. The current Trinity church in Uppsala was founded in the late 13th century and cannot be the church where Erik was slain. Scholars have discussed different locations of the older Trinity church, but the presence of pre-cathedral graves in the vicinity of the cathedral might suggest that the original Trinity church was located at the same spot as the cathedral. In an effort to elucidate this early history of the cathedral and Mons Domini, archaeologist Magnus Alkarp and geophysicist
40:
720:
1220:
335:
13th century. The historicity of the legend has been much-discussed by
Swedish historians. It tells that Erik was of royal blood and was unanimously chosen king of Sweden when there was a vacancy of the kingship. It also states that Erik reigned for ten years, which would put the beginning of his reign in c. 1150. If this is correct he would have been a rival king to
314:, which refers to "Eirik the Saint, son of Jatvard". Late medieval Swedish tradition likewise knows the king by the name Erik Jedvardsson. The name of the father, Jedvard (Edward), is not Scandinavian and may point to English missionary influence. According to 14th-century tradition, Erik's mother was Cecilia, a daughter of King
540:
from c. 1250 says: "The twelfth was King Erik. He was too soon put to death at an unfortunate moment, He always made good deeds while he was alive, and was therefore rewarded by God and his angels; his bones rest in
Uppsala. He has there presented many good portents by the grace of God." In a letter
461:
Erik is portrayed in the legend as the ideal of a just ruler, who supported those who were oppressed by the mighty, and expelled the rude and unfair from his kingdom. He was supposedly responsible for codifying the laws of his kingdom, which became known as King Erik's Law. Additionally, a hypothesis
648:
The assassinated king Erik was buried in the Old
Uppsala church, which he had rebuilt around the burial mounds of his pagan predecessors. In about 1167, as his son began to take power after the death of the latest Sverker king, Erik's body was enshrined, although there is no direct evidence for this
447:
from the early 1170s does mention complaints that "the Finns always, when they are threatened by hostile armies, promise to keep the
Christian creed and eagerly ask for preachers and teachers in the Christian law; but when the army returns, they deny the faith and despise and persecute the preachers
762:
examined a large part of the cathedral with ground-penetrating radar (GPR). The results from this investigation confirmed the existence of an older building beneath the cathedral, in all the details corresponding with the outline of a 12th-century
Romanesque church, which implies that the cathedral
702:
In April, 2014, Swedish researchers opened the current reliquary to examine its contents, and the cathedral displayed the funerary crown during the forensic examination period. On March 19, 2016, researchers announced preliminary results that Erik's relics contained injuries consistent with legends
334:
No contemporary sources with information about Erik have been found, and the first written mention of him is in a letter during the reign of his son Knut
Eriksson. The letter refers to Erik as "King of the Swedes"; the only full account of Erik's life is a hagiographical legend dating from the late
482:
to support the Church similar to elsewhere in Europe. The legend strongly accentuates Erik's personal piety: "This saintly king of ours conducted many godly prayers and sessions, as well as fasting. He showed empathy with people in distress, was generous in giving alms to poor people, and forced
545:
complains that some people in Sweden had begun worshiping "a man who had been killed in debauchery and feasting". Some scholars have assumed that this alludes to King Erik, and that the celebration of the
Ascension Day was accompanied by feasting which enabled the surprise rebel attack. The
554:
After killing Erik, Magnus
Henriksen was able to take power. However, Magnus' reign proved short and he never fully consolidated the kingdom before likewise dying at rivals' hands in the following year. Likewise his slayer (and possible co-conspirator in Erik's death) Karl Sverkersson, was
522:
in May 1160. The king, being informed of the approach of the enemy, heard mass to the end, then armed himself and the few men at hand, and went out to meet Magnus' troops. He was pulled off his horse onto the ground by the swarming rebels, who taunted and stabbed him, then beheaded him.
339:, who had ascended the throne in c. 1132 and was murdered in 1156. At any rate it is assumed that Erik was recognized in most provinces after 1156. While his paternity is obscure, there is good evidence that he strengthened his claims to the throne by marriage to the Danish princess
452:
the right to pagan lands conquered by his ancestors. If interpreted literally this might allude to conquests in Finland conducted by Saint Erik and Knut Eriksson (his grandfather and father). If the "crusade" took place, it was however probably no more than a sea-borne raid.
555:
assassinated in 1167 after Erik's son Knut returned from exile. Knut defeated his Sverker rivals by 1173 and unified the kingdom in the decades before his death in 1195 or 1196. While Erik had been a short-lived and ultimately unsuccessful ruler, Knut established the
656:
commemorates Erik on May 18 as "Erik, King of Sweden, martyr, 1160". Erik is commemorated by the Roman Catholic Church on 18 May. Swedish traditions included processions on his feast day from the cathedral to Old Uppsala to petition for a good harvest. The Catholic
506:
According to the legend, the Devil inspired Magnus in his machinations. He used gifts and grand promises to attract Swedish nobles, including "a mighty man in the kingdom". If this is based on sound tradition it may mean that Magnus allied with Karl of the rival
745:
Saint Erik is portrayed in art as a young king being murdered during Mass with the bishop Henry of Uppsala. In Uppsala Cathedral there is a series of late medieval paintings depicting Erik and Henry of Uppsala.
1236:
448:
badly". The bull implies that the Swedes already stood in a certain relation to the Finns and conducted expeditions against them. Moreover, a papal letter from 1216 reserved for Erik's grandson
295:
roots like other medieval ruling houses in Sweden. Osteological investigations of Erik's remains suggest that he may have lived the last 10–15 years of his life in Västergötland rather than in
856:
2421:
1290:
366:
chronicle from c. 1200. Quite contrary to the impression of pro-clerical policy of the Erik Legend, it says that King Erik and Queen Christina harassed the monks of
795:
before Eric XIV (at least seven) is unknown and none of them used numerals. It would be speculative to try to affix a mathematically accurate one to this king.
695:
and to finance war against Russia. The present Renaissance style casket was commissioned in the 1570s to contain his relics by Johan's Polish Catholic queen,
687:. During the Middle Ages, each new Swedish king took his oath of office with his hands on the reliquary. The original medieval casket was melted down by
491:
While the legend asserts that Erik was unanimously accepted as king, the circumstances reveal that this was not the case. Apart from Karl Sverkersson in
1187:
759:
860:
788:
1527:
526:
Some of the details of Erik's violent end seem to be corroborated by a scientific investigation of his bones (see below). Otherwise, a
1414:
Erik den helige - Landsfader eller beläte? En rikspatrons öde i svensk historieskrivning från reformationen till och med upplysningen
2259:
1294:
815:
2416:
310:
Erik had a brother whose name began with a "J"; this brother has been identified with a Joar Jedvardsson. This in turn fits with
826:
416:, "which at this time was pagan and did Sweden great harm". In an effort to conquer and convert the Finns, he allegedly led the
2481:
2446:
2411:
653:
2441:
1354:
1335:
1133:
340:
126:
2451:
1104:
1384:
617:
162:
658:
2194:
2476:
2089:
559:
as the ruling dynasty and used the memory of his father to anchor his regime. He was indirectly succeeded by his son
17:
2436:
2431:
1520:
1385:
Sture Bolin with contribution (about St. Erik's cult and liturgy) by Bengt Hildebrand (1953). "Erik den helige".
1971:
1345:
Sands, Tracey R. (2008). "The Cult of St Eric, King and Martyr, in Medieval Sweden". In DuBois, Thomas (ed.).
1176:
816:
Guy-Ryan, Jessie. "The Gruesome Legend of Swedish King Might Actually Be True", Atlas Obscura, March 19, 2016
326:
2041:
1994:
1977:
2206:
1513:
942:
2380:
2374:
2180:
1434:
1328:
The Cult of St Erik in Medieval Sweden : Veneration of a Royal Saint, Twelfth–Sixteenth Centuries
2466:
2461:
2456:
2279:
2238:
723:
425:
576:
2491:
2486:
1813:
1536:
1487:
1264:
1105:
Sture Bolin with contribution (about the cult and liturgy of St. Erik) by Bengt Hildebrand (1953).
983:
Kiefer, James E., "Erik, King of Sweden", Biographical sketches of memorable Christians of the past
692:
499:
had a claim to the throne, being the great-grandson of Inge I and the great-great-grandson of King
2390:
2384:
2109:
2496:
2471:
2103:
2034:
2017:
2006:
1960:
1871:
1823:
519:
382:
was founded in 1158. After this, however, Erik and Christina changed their stance and allowed
299:
where he died. On the other hand, the only manor he is known to have possessed is situated in
2244:
2233:
2071:
1908:
417:
407:
1661:
1386:
1106:
1075:
779:
Referring to Eric Jedvardsson as King Eric IX is a later invention, counting backwards from
2426:
2228:
2200:
2170:
2082:
2065:
1964:
1856:
784:
607:
564:
157:
1428:
8:
2308:
1842:
1755:
1633:
1618:
1562:
754:
According to the legend, King Erik the Saint was slain while he attended the Mass at the
696:
500:
336:
514:
Unbeknownst to the king, the allies gathered a considerable army and accosted Erik near
111:
2263:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2113:
2075:
2048:
2010:
2000:
1912:
1833:
1745:
1726:
1670:
1377:
Christian Lovén, "Erikskulten i Uppsala - dubbelhelgonet och den långa stationsvägen",
688:
580:
542:
536:
371:
288:
1798:
1567:
633:
307:. Eriksberg in central Västergötland has been suggested as the original family manor.
2328:
2175:
1947:
1943:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1916:
1783:
1771:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1666:
1480:
1350:
1331:
1129:
669:
642:
492:
348:
255:
195:
133:
115:
65:
1818:
1544:
982:
2323:
2223:
1765:
1736:
1689:
1656:
1652:
1591:
1497:
1211:
839:
673:
621:
508:
496:
352:
75:
1628:
1623:
379:
2353:
2348:
2289:
1838:
1828:
1402:
684:
443:
There is no direct confirmation from other sources of this "crusade". However, a
435:
260:
39:
1370:
Carl M. Kjellberg, "Erik den heliges ättlingar och tronpretendenter bland dem",
412:
Legend also attributes Erik with the initial spread of the Christian faith into
330:
One of the many images of Saint Erik in Stockholm as the city's symbolic patron.
2058:
2027:
1987:
1647:
1637:
534:
confirms that he was killed by unspecified enemies. The short chronicle in the
387:
344:
47:
895:
Annales suecici medii aevi. Svensk medeltidsannalistik kommenterad och utgiven
707:
in the neck could only have happened outside of battle, since during battle a
300:
2405:
2135:
2054:
2023:
1983:
1954:
1937:
1760:
1750:
1741:
1694:
1613:
1577:
1451:
1224:
600:
Filip; some historians give him as the father of Holmger, the father of King
594:
560:
556:
531:
463:
449:
367:
280:
276:
264:
177:
149:
1777:
601:
511:. This assumption is supported by a statement in a late medieval chronicle.
2294:
1885:
731:
467:
391:
359:
311:
246:
362:
in his realm. However, the only reliable source mentioning his reign is a
2150:
2120:
2096:
1572:
475:
363:
2333:
2284:
1642:
611:
527:
444:
432:
to remain in Finland to evangelize the Finns, later becoming a martyr.
421:
315:
263:
names him as a saint memorialized on 18 May. He was the founder of the
719:
395:
1505:
1265:"Science sheds new light on the life and death of medieval king Erik"
739:
704:
638:
2343:
2338:
780:
304:
1608:
1427:
1223:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
882:
Sveriges historia till vĂĄra dagar. Andra Delen. Ă„ldre medeltiden.
708:
691:, partly in order to pay off the Ă„lvsborg ransom required by the
515:
429:
413:
383:
375:
296:
172:
99:
966:
964:
735:
479:
471:
390:. An early 13th-century source adds that he made donations to
267:, which ruled Sweden with interruptions from c. 1156 to 1250.
923:. Stockholm: P.A. Norstedt & Söners Förlah, 1926, p. 328.
742:
and his crowned head is depicted in the city's coat of arms.
681:
292:
284:
961:
749:
792:
2422:
Pre-Reformation saints of the Lutheran liturgical calendar
943:"Erik den helige, Sveriges helgonkonung. NĂĄgra synpunkter"
884:
Stockholm: P.A. Norstedt & Söners Förlag, 1926, p. 47.
478:. If so, he would have established an unpopular system of
1599:
970:
The Eric Legend, quoted in Carl Grimberg, 1926, p. 329.
726:, depicting Saint Erik and based on the medieval seal.
358:
According to the legend, Erik did much to consolidate
1073:
1407:
Stockholms blodbad och andra kritiska undersökningar
1293:. Svenska kyrkan | Uppsala domkyrka. Archived from
1237:Borrelli, Antonio. "Sant 'Erik IX", Santi e Beati
462:argues that he established a monastic chapter in
2403:
1044:Kingship and State Formation in Sweden 1130-1290
1013:Kingship and State Formation in Sweden 1130-1290
1552:
910:. Alingsås: Viktoria Bokförlag, 1991, pp. 42-3.
1703:
1521:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
213:
207:
787:(1604–1611) adopted numerals according to a
763:is the site of the earlier Trinity church.
711:would have protected those neck vertebrae.
518:at Ă–stra Aros when he attended Mass on the
1528:
1514:
1250:
919:The Eric Legend, quoted in Carl Grimberg.
38:
2316:
1397:Erik den helige - historia, kult, reliker
1217:1921. CatholicSaints.Info. 1 January 2013
1123:
978:
976:
750:Archaeological evidence of Trinity Church
386:to be reorganized under Abbot Gerhard of
318:. This information is disputed, however.
2272:
2216:
2143:
1901:
1864:
1806:
1349:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
718:
632:
470:which had come from the Danish abbey of
434:
325:
791:. The number of Swedish monarchs named
14:
2404:
1535:
1325:
1193:from the original on September 8, 2006
973:
654:Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
546:identification is uncertain, however.
439:A medieval church drawing of King Erik
291:, Erik's family is considered to have
1509:
1344:
1100:
1098:
401:
1388:Svenskt biografiskt lexikon, Band 14
1111:Svenskt biografiskt lexikon, Band 14
1080:Svenskt biografiskt lexikon, Band 20
1015:. Leiden: Brill, 2007, pp. 90, 425.
27:King of Sweden from c. 1156 to 1160
24:
1314:
1095:
25:
2508:
1420:
1046:. Leiden: Brill, 2007, pp. 89-90.
857:"King Sverre's Saga, Chapter 100"
1218:
1092:Carl Grimberg, 1926, pp. 329-30.
783:(1560–1568). He and his brother
486:
1301:
1283:
1241:
1230:
1205:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1117:
1086:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1005:
996:
987:
952:
935:
926:
659:St. Eric's Cathedral, Stockholm
456:
2417:12th-century murdered monarchs
1166:Sven Tunberg, 1926, pp. 57-86.
1157:Mats G. Larsson, 2002, p. 185.
1074:Hans Gillingstam (1973–1975).
921:Svenska folkets underbara öden
913:
900:
897:, Lund: Gleerup, 1974, p. 265.
887:
874:
849:
832:
820:
809:
773:
13:
1:
2482:Swedish Roman Catholic saints
2447:12th-century Christian saints
2412:12th-century Swedish monarchs
1553:
1364:
1319:
1307:Sabine Sten, 2016, pp. 30-31.
1064:Sven Tunberg, 1926, pp. 51-2.
802:
628:
549:
270:
250:
2442:Burials at Uppsala Cathedral
1731:descendant of Inge the Elder
1675:descendant of Inge the Elder
1024:Carl Grimberg, 1926, p. 328.
958:Carl Grimberg, 1926, p. 329.
789:fictitious history of Sweden
714:
664:
347:. His realm did not include
279:were consistently buried at
220:
7:
2452:Roman Catholic royal saints
1972:Bengt Jönsson (Oxenstierna)
1212:Monks of Ramsgate. "Eric".
1002:Sven Tunberg, 1941, p. 277.
680:) continues to display the
597:, King of Sweden 1167–1196.
139:
10:
2513:
2042:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna
1995:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna
1978:Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna)
1326:Oertel, Christian (2014).
1148:Sven Tunberg, 1926, p. 52.
1124:Lindkvist, Thomas (2021).
1033:Sven Tunberg, 1926, p. 50.
993:Sven Tunberg, 1926, p. 51.
932:Sven Tunberg, 1926, p. 46.
840:"Erik den heliges skelett"
756:ecclesia Sancte trinitatis
661:, is named for King Erik.
405:
343:, a granddaughter of King
2366:
2307:
2258:
2193:
2134:
1884:
1855:
1797:
1688:
1590:
1543:
1494:
1485:
1477:
1472:
1445:
1291:"Reliquary of Saint Erik"
1247:Sabine Sten, 2016, p. 28.
1055:Sabine Sten, 2016, p. 33.
724:Coat of arms of Stockholm
570:
355:ruled in the late 1150s.
321:
191:
183:
171:
163:Margaret, Queen of Norway
132:
122:
106:
93:
85:
81:
71:
61:
53:
46:
37:
32:
2477:Assassinations in Sweden
1405:, "Erik den Helige", in
908:När Sverige blev Sverige
766:
693:Treaty of Stettin (1570)
275:As later kings from the
2437:Swedish Roman Catholics
2432:Medieval Swedish saints
1435:The American Cyclopædia
1395:Bengt Thordeman (ed.),
2104:Sten Sture the Younger
2035:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)
2018:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)
1961:Christopher of Bavaria
727:
677:
645:
520:Feast of the Ascension
440:
374:. Some monks left for
351:, where Sverker's son
341:Christina Björnsdotter
331:
214:
208:
1347:Sanctity in the North
1128:. London: Routledge.
846:111, 2016, p. 28, 33.
722:
636:
577:Kristina Björnsdotter
438:
418:First Swedish Crusade
408:First Swedish Crusade
329:
249:in the 12th century,
112:Church of Old Uppsala
57:c. 1156 – 18 May 1160
2083:Sten Sture the Elder
2066:Sten Sture the Elder
1965:House of Wittelsbach
838:Sabine Sten et al.,
575:Erik was married to
495:, the Danish prince
158:Katarina Eriksdotter
127:Christina of Denmark
1756:Sverker the Younger
1372:Historisk tidskrift
738:and of its capital
697:Catherine Jagiellon
641:of Erik the Saint,
2114:House of Oldenburg
2076:House of Oldenburg
2049:Erik Axelsson Tott
2011:House of Oldenburg
2001:Erik Axelsson Tott
1913:House of Estridsen
1727:House of Estridsen
1717:Eric "IX" the Holy
1671:House of Estridsen
1662:Ragnvald Knaphövde
1537:Monarchs of Sweden
1409:. Stockholm, 1965.
1399:. Stockholm, 1954.
1076:"Karl Sverkersson"
728:
646:
622:Sverre I of Norway
620:; married in 1185
581:House of Estridsen
543:Pope Alexander III
441:
402:Crusade to Finland
332:
312:King Sverre's Saga
223: 18 May 1160
2399:
2398:
2375:Norwegian monarch
2370:Lineage uncertain
2362:
2361:
2303:
2302:
2254:
2253:
2189:
2188:
2130:
2129:
1948:House of Griffins
1931:House of Griffins
1921:House of Griffins
1880:
1879:
1851:
1850:
1793:
1792:
1732:
1711:Sverker the Elder
1684:
1683:
1676:
1600:c. 1060 – c. 1130
1586:
1585:
1504:
1503:
1495:Succeeded by
1481:Sverker the Elder
1356:978-0-8020-9410-0
1337:978-2-503-56474-6
1177:"The Church Year"
1135:978-1-003-17437-0
1126:The Västgöta Laws
1107:"Erik den helige"
670:Uppsala Cathedral
643:Uppsala Cathedral
256:Roman Martyrology
243:Eric the Lawgiver
201:
200:
196:Roman Catholicism
116:Uppsala Cathedral
114:, later moved to
66:Sverker the Elder
18:Eric IX of Sweden
16:(Redirected from
2504:
2467:Finnish folklore
2462:Swedish folklore
2457:Medieval legends
2324:Charles XIV John
2314:
2313:
2270:
2269:
2260:Holstein-Gottorp
2224:Charles X Gustav
2214:
2213:
2210:
2141:
2140:
1899:
1898:
1862:
1861:
1804:
1803:
1730:
1701:
1700:
1674:
1657:Inge the Younger
1597:
1596:
1555:
1550:
1549:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1507:
1506:
1498:Magnus Henriksen
1478:Preceded by
1468:
1461:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1431:
1429:"Eric IX."
1392:
1379:Ă…rsboken Uppland
1360:
1341:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1261:
1248:
1245:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1192:
1186:. January 2006.
1184:Renewing Worship
1181:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1102:
1093:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1047:
1040:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1009:
1003:
1000:
994:
991:
985:
980:
971:
968:
959:
956:
950:
939:
933:
930:
924:
917:
911:
904:
898:
891:
885:
878:
872:
871:
869:
868:
859:. Archived from
853:
847:
836:
830:
824:
818:
813:
796:
777:
760:Jaana Gustafsson
678:Uppsala domkyrka
509:House of Sverker
497:Magnus Henriksen
353:Karl Sverkersson
252:
227:Erik Jedvardsson
224:
222:
217:
211:
143:
76:Magnus Henriksen
42:
30:
29:
21:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2492:Lutheran saints
2487:Royal reburials
2402:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2358:
2354:Carl XVI Gustaf
2349:Gustaf VI Adolf
2299:
2290:Gustav IV Adolf
2280:Adolf Frederick
2250:
2239:Ulrika Eleonora
2204:
2203:
2196:
2185:
2176:Gustav II Adolf
2126:
1895:
1893:
1876:
1847:
1789:
1680:
1601:
1582:
1568:Olof Skötkonung
1539:
1534:
1500:
1491:
1483:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1426:
1423:
1403:Lauritz Weibull
1367:
1357:
1338:
1322:
1317:
1315:Further reading
1312:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1274:
1272:
1271:. 16 March 2016
1263:
1262:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1231:
1219:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1122:
1118:
1103:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1010:
1006:
1001:
997:
992:
988:
981:
974:
969:
962:
957:
953:
940:
936:
931:
927:
918:
914:
905:
901:
893:Göte Paulsson,
892:
888:
879:
875:
866:
864:
855:
854:
850:
837:
833:
825:
821:
814:
810:
805:
800:
799:
778:
774:
769:
752:
717:
667:
631:
624:, died in 1202.
573:
552:
501:Sweyn Estridson
489:
459:
410:
404:
324:
273:
261:Catholic Church
253:1156–1160. The
225:), also called
219:
209:Erik den helige
167:
137:
136:
118:
98:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2510:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2391:king of Poland
2387:
2385:Danish monarch
2377:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2267:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2218:
2211:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2090:Svante Nilsson
2086:
2079:
2069:
2062:
2059:House of Bonde
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2028:House of Bonde
2021:
2014:
2004:
1991:
1988:House of Bonde
1981:
1968:
1958:
1955:Charles (VIII)
1951:
1941:
1938:Charles (VIII)
1934:
1924:
1905:
1903:
1896:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1810:
1808:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1775:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1739:
1734:
1720:
1713:
1707:
1705:
1704:c. 1130 – 1250
1698:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1664:
1659:
1650:
1648:Inge the Elder
1645:
1640:
1638:Inge the Elder
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1605:
1603:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1559:
1557:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1533:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1510:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1493:
1488:King of Sweden
1484:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1473:Regnal titles
1470:
1469:
1449:
1447:Erik the Saint
1446:
1441:
1440:
1422:
1421:External links
1419:
1418:
1417:
1412:Henrik Ă…gren,
1410:
1400:
1393:
1382:
1375:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1342:
1336:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1300:
1297:on 2019-02-06.
1282:
1249:
1240:
1229:
1214:Book of Saints
1204:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1134:
1116:
1094:
1085:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1035:
1026:
1017:
1004:
995:
986:
972:
960:
951:
941:Sven Tunberg,
934:
925:
912:
906:Peter Sawyer.
899:
886:
880:Sven Tunberg.
873:
848:
831:
827:"Martirologio"
819:
807:
806:
804:
801:
798:
797:
771:
770:
768:
765:
751:
748:
716:
713:
666:
663:
630:
627:
626:
625:
615:
605:
598:
591:
590:
588:
579:of the Danish
572:
569:
551:
548:
488:
485:
458:
455:
406:Main article:
403:
400:
388:Alvastra Abbey
345:Inge the Elder
323:
320:
272:
269:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
175:
169:
168:
166:
165:
160:
155:
154:Filip Eriksson
152:
146:
144:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
110:
108:
104:
103:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
48:King of Sweden
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2509:
2498:
2497:Sons of kings
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2472:House of Eric
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2392:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1751:Knut Eriksson
1749:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:HĂĄkan the Red
1627:
1625:
1624:Anund GĂĄrdske
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1614:Eric and Eric
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1579:
1578:Emund the Old
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:970 – c. 1060
1551:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1499:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1452:House of Erik
1444:
1437:
1436:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1323:
1304:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1244:
1238:
1233:
1226:
1225:public domain
1216:
1215:
1208:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1172:
1163:
1154:
1145:
1137:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1099:
1089:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1061:
1052:
1045:
1042:Philip Line,
1039:
1030:
1021:
1014:
1011:Philip Line,
1008:
999:
990:
984:
979:
977:
967:
965:
955:
949:1941, p. 264.
948:
944:
938:
929:
922:
916:
909:
903:
896:
890:
883:
877:
863:on 2016-05-25
862:
858:
852:
845:
841:
835:
828:
823:
817:
812:
808:
794:
790:
786:
782:
776:
772:
764:
761:
757:
747:
743:
741:
737:
733:
725:
721:
712:
710:
706:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
683:
679:
675:
671:
662:
660:
655:
650:
644:
640:
635:
623:
619:
616:
613:
610:; married to
609:
606:
603:
599:
596:
593:
592:
589:
586:
585:
584:
582:
578:
568:
566:
565:Erik Eriksson
563:and grandson
562:
561:Erik Knutsson
558:
557:House of Erik
547:
544:
539:
538:
537:Västgötalagen
533:
529:
524:
521:
517:
512:
510:
504:
502:
498:
494:
487:Assassination
484:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
454:
451:
450:Erik Knutsson
446:
437:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
409:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
380:Vitskøl Abbey
377:
373:
372:Västergötland
369:
368:Varnhem Abbey
365:
361:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
328:
319:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:Västergötland
286:
282:
281:Varnhem Abbey
278:
277:House of Erik
268:
266:
265:House of Erik
262:
258:
257:
248:
244:
240:
236:
235:Eric the Holy
232:
228:
216:
210:
205:
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
179:
176:
174:
170:
164:
161:
159:
156:
153:
151:
150:Knut Eriksson
148:
147:
145:
142:
141:
135:
131:
128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
49:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2295:Charles XIII
2243:
2207:Hesse-Kassel
2205:
2201:Wittelsbach)
2119:
2110:Christian II
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2064:
2055:Charles VIII
2047:
2040:
2033:
2024:Charles VIII
2016:
1999:
1993:
1984:Charles VIII
1976:
1970:
1953:
1936:
1889:
1886:Kalmar Union
1782:
1770:
1715:
1693:
1486:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1433:
1413:
1406:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1371:
1346:
1327:
1303:
1295:the original
1285:
1275:27 September
1273:. Retrieved
1268:
1243:
1232:
1213:
1207:
1195:. Retrieved
1183:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1125:
1119:
1110:
1088:
1079:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1043:
1038:
1029:
1020:
1012:
1007:
998:
989:
954:
946:
937:
928:
920:
915:
907:
902:
894:
889:
881:
876:
865:. Retrieved
861:the original
851:
843:
834:
829:(in Italian)
822:
811:
775:
755:
753:
744:
732:patron saint
730:Erik is the
729:
701:
668:
651:
647:
637:Silver-gilt
574:
553:
535:
525:
513:
505:
503:of Denmark.
493:Östergötland
490:
468:Benedictines
460:
457:Achievements
442:
426:Bishop Henry
420:east of the
411:
392:Nydala Abbey
360:Christianity
357:
349:Östergötland
333:
309:
274:
254:
247:Swedish king
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
203:
202:
138:
2427:1160 deaths
2245:Frederick I
2234:Charles XII
2197:ZweibrĂĽcken
2195:Palatinate-
2097:Eric Trolle
2007:Christian I
1857:Mecklenburg
1737:Charles VII
1573:Anund Jacob
1467:18 May 1160
1330:. Brepols.
1269:EurekAlert!
541:from 1172,
530:to his son
476:Vreta Abbey
466:, begun by
464:Old Uppsala
301:Västmanland
239:Saint Eric
97:18 May 1160
62:Predecessor
2406:Categories
2334:Charles XV
2317:since 1818
2309:Bernadotte
2285:Gustav III
2229:Charles XI
2171:Charles IX
2121:Gustav (I)
1834:Eric "XII"
1819:Magnus III
1778:Knut LĂĄnge
1643:Blot-Sweyn
1563:Eric "VII"
1492:1156–1160
1365:In Swedish
1320:In English
947:Fornvännen
867:2013-08-13
844:Fornvännen
803:References
785:Charles IX
629:Veneration
612:Nils Blake
602:Knut LĂĄnge
550:Succession
528:papal bull
445:papal bull
422:Baltic Sea
364:Cistercian
316:Blot-Sweyn
271:Background
215:Sankt Erik
204:Saint Erik
89:c. 1120-25
33:Saint Erik
2381:Norwegian
2273:1751–1818
2264:Oldenburg
2217:1654–1751
2181:Christina
2166:Sigismund
2144:1523–1654
1944:Eric XIII
1927:Eric XIII
1917:Eric XIII
1902:1389–1523
1865:1364–1389
1839:Magnus IV
1829:Magnus IV
1807:1250–1364
1784:Eric "XI"
1772:Eric "XI"
1723:Magnus II
1602:1160–1161
1374:43, 1923.
740:Stockholm
715:Patronage
705:vertebrae
689:Johan III
665:Reliquary
639:reliquary
337:Sverker I
72:Successor
2344:Gustaf V
2339:Oscar II
2161:John III
2156:Eric XIV
2151:Gustav I
1909:Margaret
1892:indicate
1814:Valdemar
1761:Eric "X"
1746:Boleslaw
1667:Magnus I
1188:Archived
781:Eric XIV
618:Margaret
608:Katarina
587:Children
474:or from
305:Svealand
245:, was a
231:Eric IX
192:Religion
102:, Sweden
2329:Oscar I
2072:John II
1894:regents
1890:Italics
1692:·
1690:Sverker
1634:Halsten
1619:Halsten
1609:Stenkil
1592:Stenkil
1438:. 1879.
1416:, 2013.
1197:May 18,
709:hauberk
674:Swedish
516:Uppsala
430:Uppsala
414:Finland
396:SmĂĄland
384:Varnhem
376:Denmark
297:Uppland
293:Geatish
259:of the
187:Jedvard
100:Uppsala
1872:Albert
1843:Haakon
1824:Birger
1799:Bjälbo
1766:John I
1653:Philip
1463:
1353:
1334:
1132:
736:Sweden
685:casket
571:Family
480:tithes
472:Odense
378:where
322:Legend
241:, and
184:Father
140:Detail
123:Spouse
107:Burial
2389:Also
2379:Also
2373:Also
1545:Munsö
1465:Died:
1458:Born:
1381:2004.
1191:(PDF)
1180:(PDF)
767:Notes
682:relic
285:Skara
283:near
173:House
134:Issue
54:Reign
2383:and
2136:Vasa
1915:) /
1695:Eric
1460:1120
1351:ISBN
1332:ISBN
1277:2016
1199:2023
1130:ISBN
793:Eric
652:The
595:Knut
532:Knut
178:Erik
94:Died
86:Born
1742:Kol
734:of
428:of
394:in
370:in
303:in
287:in
2408::
1998:/
1975:/
1841:/
1744:/
1729:,
1673:,
1655:/
1636:/
1554:c.
1432:.
1267:.
1252:^
1182:.
1109:.
1097:^
1078:.
975:^
963:^
945:,
842:,
699:.
676::
583:.
567:.
398:.
251:c.
237:,
233:,
229:,
221:d.
218:;
212:;
2266:)
2262:(
2199:(
2116:)
2112:(
2078:)
2074:(
2061:)
2057:(
2030:)
2026:(
2013:)
2009:(
1990:)
1986:(
1967:)
1963:(
1950:)
1946:(
1933:)
1929:(
1923:)
1919:(
1911:(
1733:)
1725:(
1677:)
1669:(
1529:e
1522:t
1515:v
1391:.
1359:.
1340:.
1279:.
1227:.
1201:.
1138:.
1113:.
1082:.
870:.
672:(
614:.
604:.
206:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
