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significant amounts of water. The water vapour diffusion resistance of hemp concrete ranges from 5 to 25. Furthermore, between 2 and 4.3 g/ (m%RH), it is considered an excellent moisture regulator. It can absorb relative humidity when there is a surplus in the living environment and release it when there is a deficit. It is important to note that these properties depend on the composition of the material, the type of binder, temperature and humidity. Due to its latent heating effects, which are the results of its high thermal ability and comprehensive moisture control, hemp concrete exhibits phase change material properties.
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0.0652 W/(mâ‹…K) and a specific weight of 296 kg/m. Attention should be paid to mixing the hempcrete, as it influences the properties of the material. Further testing needs to be conducted in correlation to specimen size to determine the influence that size has on the properties of hempcrete.
355:
The LCA of hempcrete blocks considers seven unit processes: hemp shives and production, binder production, transport of raw materials to the manufacturing company, hempcrete blocks production processes, transport of hempcrete blocks to the construction site, wall construction, and the use phase. The
190:
There are two primary construction techniques used right now for implementing hempcrete. The first technique consists of using forms to cast or spray hempcrete directly in place on the construction site. The second technique consists of stacking prefabricated blocks that are delivered to the project
326:
Hempcrete block walls can be laid without any covering or can be covered with finishing plasters. This latter uses the same hempcrete mixture but in different proportions. Since hempcrete contains a plant-based compound, walls need to be built with a joint in between the wall and ground to prevent
221:
The compressive strength is typically around 0.3 MPA. Due to the lower compressive strength, hempcrete cannot be used for load-bearing elements in construction. Density is affected by drying kinetics, with a larger specific area the drying time decreases. The size of the specimen and the hemp
351:
during its entire life, from fabrication to end-of-life, creating positive environmental benefits. Through a life cycle assessment (LCA) of hempcrete blocks using research and X-ray Powder
Diffraction (XRPD), it was found that the blocks store a large quantity of carbon from photosynthesis during
213:
A study was conducted that focuses on the variability and statistical significance of hempcrete properties by analyzing two sizes of hempcrete columns with hemp from two different distributors under a normal distribution. The coefficient of variance (COV) indicates the dispersion of experimental
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Hempcrete blocks have a low carbon footprint and are effectively carbon sinks. Widespread codes and specifications still need to be developed for the widespread usage of hempcrete, but it shows promise to replace current non-bearing construction materials that negatively impact the environment.
313:
Hempcrete materials are a product of a type of binder and hemp shives size and quality, and the proportions in the mixture can greatly affect its properties and performance. The most notable limiting factor with hempcrete is the low mechanical performance. Due to low mechanical performance, the
273:
Hemp concrete has a low thermal conductivity, ranging from 0.06 to 0.6 W m K, a total porosity of 68–80% and a density of 200 kg /m to 960 kg/m. Hemp concrete is also an aerated material with high water vapour permeability and its total porosity very close to open porosity allowing it to absorb
432:
Hempcrete is a construction building material that uses hemp shives, aggregate, water, and a type of binder to act as non-bearing walls, insulators, finishing plasters, and blocks. The material has low mechanical properties and low thermal conductivity, making it ideal for insulation material.
384:
The main cause of the environmental footprint for hempcrete comes from the production of the binder. Reports have estimated that 18.5% - 38.4% of initial emissions from binder production can be recovered through the carbonation process. The specific amount of carbonates in the blocks actually
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consumption in the transport phases and during the manufacturing of hemp shives created a large portion of the cumulative energy demand and along with the calcination of lime which takes place in kilns, is a main source of fossil fuel emissions. Abiotic depletion is mostly attributed to the
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Typically, hempcrete has a low mechanical performance. Hempcrete is a fairly new material and is still being studied. Several items affect the mechanical properties of hempcrete such as aggregate size, type of binder, proportions within the mixture, manufacturing method, molding method, and
413:
The impacts arising from indirect land use changes of hemp cultivation, maintenance work, and end-of-life need to be studied to create a full cradle-to-grave environmental impact profile of hempcrete blocks. To counteract the negative environmental impacts that hempcrete blocks have on the
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coefficient, a characteristic of insulating materials. On three cubic samples of hempcrete after 28 days of drying the heat transfer coefficient was measured using ISOMET 2114, a portable system for measuring the heat transfer of properties. Hempcrete has a coefficient of heat transfer of
381:
electricity used during binder production and although minimal, also during the block production processes. It is important to focus on the water content in a hempcrete mixture, because too much water can cause slow drying and create a negative impact, preventing lime carbonation.
589:
Niyigena, CĂ©sar; Amziane, Sofiane; Chateauneuf, Alaa; Arnaud, Laurent; Bessette, Laetitia; Collet, Florence; Lanos, Christophe; Escadeillas, Gilles; Lawrence, Mike; Magniont, Camille; Marceau, Sandrine; Pavia, Sara; Peter, Ulrike; Picandet, Vincent; Sonebi, Mohammed (2016-06-01).
250:(its resistance to heat transfer) can range from 0.67/cm (1.7/in) to 1.2/cm (3.0/in) , making it an efficient insulating material (the higher the R-value, the better the insulation). The porosity of hempcrete falls within the range of 71.1% to 84.3% by volume. The average
111:
during the carbonation process. When dealing with time constraints, hydraulic binders are used in combination with regular hydrated lime because the set time for hempcrete will be less than that of regular limes, about two weeks to a month to gain adequate strength.
195:
or plaster is added for aesthetics and increased durability. Hempcrete can be used for a number of purposes in buildings, including roof, wall, slab, and render insulation, each of which has its own formulation and dosages of the various constituents respectively.
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426:. The Hemp Building Foundation submitted paperwork to the International Residential Codes (IRC) in February 2022 to certify the material as a national building material, allowing the construction industry to gain more familiarity with the material
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Although it is not known for its strength, hempcrete provides a high vapor permeability that allows for better control of temperature in an indoor environment. It can also be used as a filling material in frame structures and be used to make
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The binder production provides the largest environmental impact while the transport phases are the second. During binder production in the lime calcination and clinker creation portion, the emissions are the most notable. A large amount of
102:
Hempcrete is made of the inner woody core of the hemp plant (hemp shives) mixed with a lime-based binder and water. The lime-based binder typically consists of either hydrated lime or natural hydraulic lime. Hydrated lime is made from pure
85:
Typically, hempcrete has good thermal and acoustic insulation capabilities, but low mechanical performance, specifically compressive strength. Hempcrete's mechanical properties, when used in prefabricated blocks specifically, act as a
233:
is 15% that of traditional concrete. Studies in the UK indicate that the performance gain between 230 mm (9 in) and 300 mm (12 in) walls is insignificant. Hempcrete walls are fireproof, transmit humidity, resist
322:
panels. Altering the density of hempcrete mixtures also affects its use. Higher-density hempcrete mixtures are used for floor and roof insulation, while lower-density mixtures are used for indoor insulation and outdoor plasters.
1452:
Tran Le, Anh D.; Samri, Driss; Douzane, Omar; Promis, Geoffrey; Nguyen, Anh T.; Langlet, Thierry (2020). "Effect of
Temperature Dependence of Sorption on Hygrothermal Performance of a Hemp Concrete Building Envelope".
70:. It is marketed under names like Hempcrete, Canobiote, Canosmose, Isochanvre and IsoHemp. Hempcrete is easier to work with than traditional lime mixes and acts as an insulator and moisture regulator. It lacks the
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counteracting the greenhouse emissions, by acting as a carbon sink. A hempcrete block will continue to store carbon throughout its life and can be crushed and used again as a filler for insulation. The amount of
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environment the transport distances should be shortened as much as possible. Since hempcrete is not typically load-bearing, ratios should be explored to possibly completely remove the cement from the mixture.
174:
and is instead supported by the frame. Hempcrete was also used to renovate old buildings made of stone or lime. France continues to be an avid user of hempcrete, and it grows in popularity there annually.
1286:
Bennai, F.; Issaadi, N.; Abahri, K.; Belarbi, R.; Tahakourt, A. (2018). "Experimental characterization of thermal and hygric properties of hemp concrete with consideration of the material age evolution".
115:
For example, a small fraction of cement and/or pozzolanic binder is added to speed up the setting time as well. The overall process creates a mixture that will develop into a solid, but light and durable
218:
continually has a high COV across multiple experiments. The Young's modulus of hempcrete is 22.5 MPA. Young's modulus and compressive strength are two mechanical properties that are correlated.
2534:
1240:
Nguyen, Tai-Thu; Picandet, Vincent; Amziane, Sofiane; Baley, Christophe (2009). "Influence of compactness and hemp hurd characteristics on the mechanical properties of lime and hemp concrete".
1597:
2769:
2717:
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Delhomme, F.; Hajimohammadi, A.; Almeida, A.; Jiang, C.; Moreau, D.; Gan, Y.; Wang, X.; Castel, A. (2020). "Physical properties of
Australian hurd used as aggregate for hemp concrete".
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90:
throughout its lifetime. The result is a lightweight insulating material, finishing plaster, or a non-load bearing wall, ideal for most climates as it combines insulation and
327:
capillary rising of water and runoff, blocks need to be installed above ground level and exterior walls should be protected with sand and plasters to avoid rotting shives.
222:
shives should be accounted for when determining the density. In the model, the density of hempcrete is 415 kg/m with an average coefficient of variance (COV) of 6.4%.
277:
Due to the large variety of hemp, the porosity differs from one type to another, therefore its thermal insulating abilities vary too. The lower the density, the lower the
410:
e/m. There is a correlation that increasing the mass of the binder which increases the mixture density will increase the total estimated carbon uptake via carbonation.
2712:
2845:
714:"Life Cycle Assessment of Natural Building Materials: The Role of Carbonation, Mixture Components and Transport in the Environmental Impacts of Hempcrete Blocks"
1417:
Latif, Eshrar; Lawrence, Mike; Shea, Andy; Walker, Pete (2015). "Moisture buffer potential of experimental wall assemblies incorporating formulated hemp-lime".
2698:
2471:
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Hempcrete is a fairly new natural building material whose usage has increased throughout
European countries in recent years and is gaining traction within the
229:-prone areas. Hempcrete walls must be used together with a frame of another material that supports the vertical load in building construction, as hempcrete's
122:
2456:
1570:
Sáez-Pérez, M.P.; Brümmer, M.; Durán-Suárez, J.A. (2020). "A review of the factors affecting the properties and performance of hemp aggregate concretes".
2524:
1390:
Dhakal, Ujwal; Berardi, Umberto; Gorgolewski, Mark; Richman, Russell (2017). "Hygrothermal performance of hempcrete for
Ontario (Canada) buildings".
868:
2747:
1176:"An experimental investigation into the comparative hygrothermal performance of wall panels incorporating wood fibre, mineral wool and hemp-lime"
2647:
835:
1661:
2204:
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238:, and have excellent acoustic performance. Limecrete, Ltd. (UK) reports a fire resistance rating of 1 hour per British/EU standards.
539:
510:
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compaction energy. All studies show variability within hempcrete properties and determine that it is sensitive to many factors.
1134:"Experimental and numerical evaluation of the hygrothermal performance of a hemp lime concrete building: A long term case study"
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2466:
2381:
640:
Jami, Tarun; Karade, S.R.; Singh, L.P. (2019). "A review of the properties of hemp concrete for green building applications".
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has followed France's direction in the organic building technologies sector, and hempcrete has become a growing innovation in
170:, to construct non-weight bearing insulating infill walls, as hempcrete does not have the requisite strength for constructing
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31:
Illustration of hemp concrete carbon emissions and sequestration, with a net emissions balance indicating carbon negativity
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Moujalled, Bassam; Aït Ouméziane, Yacine; Moissette, Sophie; Bart, Marjorie; Lanos, Christophe; Samri, Driss (2018).
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impact assessment of each process was analyzed using the following impact categories: abiotic depletion (ADP),
910:
WALKER, ROSANNE; PAVIA, SARA (2010). An assessment of some physical properties of lime-hemp concrete (Report).
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Etude numérique des techniques d'isolation : application à la réhabilitation du bâti ancien en tuffeau
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Etude et optimisation des performances énergétiques d'une enveloppe en béton de chanvre pour le bâtiment
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Hempcrete's low density material and resistance to cracking under movement make it suitable for use in
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site similar to masonry construction. Once hempcrete technology is implemented between timber framing,
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809:
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442:
1357:
Collet, Florence (2017). "Hygric and
Thermal Properties of Bio-aggregate Based Building Materials".
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1849:
1361:. RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports. Vol. 23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 125–147.
171:
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2110:
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Walker, R.; PavĂa, S. (2014). "Moisture transfer and thermal properties of hemp–lime concretes".
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270:) and effusivity of hempcrete reduce the ability of hempcrete to activate the thermal mass.
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899:. 32èmes Rencontres Universitaires de Génie Civil, Jun 2014, Orléans, France. (in French).
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1598:"Hemp, Inc. Reports: Hempcrete May Soon Be Certified as a US National Building Material"
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results and is important in understanding the variability among hempcrete properties.
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783:
772:"On the Theoretical Carbon Storage and Carbon Sequestration Potential of Hempcrete"
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increases with the age of the block. During the growth of hemp the plant absorbs CO
1403:
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1199:
1113:
787:
729:
653:
134:
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1996:
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79:
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depletion (ADP Fossil), global warming over a time interval of 100 years (GWP),
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369:
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1308:
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27:
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1007:
19:
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2120:
1513:
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738:
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emissions of hempcrete is estimated to be between -1.6 to -79 kg CO
128:
Freshly mixed hempcrete. Composed of hemp hurds, hydrated lime and water
2295:
1943:
1908:
869:"Canadian hempcrete: the development of the hemp construction industry"
226:
1098:"Hygrothermal performance of hempcrete for Ontario (Canada) buildings"
2341:
2326:
2321:
2242:
1933:
352:
plant growth and by carbonation during the use phase of the blocks.
104:
893:
Othmen, Inès; Poullain, Philippe; Leklou, Ali-Nordine (2014-06-04).
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2336:
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1938:
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75:
63:
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Essential
Hempcrete Construction: The Complete Step-by-Step Guide
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922:
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of the hempcrete ranges from 1000 to 1700 J/(kgâ‹…K). The dry
230:
192:
180:
2880:
588:
468: by S. Bourbia1, H. Kazeoui, R. Belarbi available under the
343:
from the atmosphere while growing, so hempcrete is considered a
2770:
List of
American politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use
2040:
1389:
511:"NNFCC Renewable Building Materials Factsheet: An Introduction"
184:
176:
167:
163:
51:
2765:
List of
British politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use
1078:"Championing Hemp: Ontario Builder Promoting Use of Hempcrete"
1012:
Carbon Smart
Materials Palette, a project of Architecture 2030
833:
2426:
2001:
1802:
1798:
1569:
1546:"There's No Place Like Home, Especially if It's Made of Hemp"
258:
of hempcrete ranges from 0.05 to 0.138 W/(mâ‹…K). The low
235:
1174:
Latif, E.; Lawrence, R.M.H.; Shea, A.D.; Walker, P. (2018).
2057:
1900:
1719:
1667:
836:"Builders Are Swapping Cement for Weed to Reduce Pollution"
592:"Variability of the mechanical properties of hemp concrete"
336:
291:
59:
47:
1497:"Physico-Mechanical Properties Investigation of Hempcrete"
1285:
1239:
16:
Biocomposite material used for construction and insulation
1451:
1063:
The Hempcrete Book: Designing and Building with Hemp-Lime
314:
material should not be used for load-bearing structures.
2846:
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry
290:
In the United States, a permit is needed for the use of
1632:. Gabriola Island, BC, Canada: New Society Publishers.
1416:
1242:
European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering
1173:
94:
while providing a positive impact on the environment.
892:
1495:Adam, Laurentiu; ISOPESCU, Dorina-Nicolina (2022).
1455:
Encyclopedia of Renewable and Sustainable Materials
66:, which is used as a material for construction and
2633:1971 Vienna Convention on Psychotropic Substances
393:after the mixing process, and the wall absorbs CO
347:material. A hempcrete block continually stores CO
2911:
1501:Journal of Applied Life Sciences and Environment
639:
372:(EP), and photochemical ozone creation (POCP).
2718:Rescheduling per the Controlled Substances Act
2713:Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the US
1683:
834:Jeremy Hodges and Kevin Orland (2019-08-30).
2175:Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency syndrome
1494:
166:since the early 1990s, and more recently in
2598:Capital punishment for cannabis trafficking
1329:
1030:
909:
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531:
308:
1690:
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1024:
301:content, which makes it more resistant to
2638:1998 UN Convention on Illicit Trafficking
1512:
827:
810:"6 Advantages of Building With Hempcrete"
737:
537:
489:(1st ed.). Seed Press. p. 146.
2628:1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
1127:
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1123:
938:
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528:
204:
26:
18:
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1359:Bio-aggregates Based Building Materials
1281:
1279:
1060:
1045:
990:"Hemcrete®: Carbon Negative Hemp Walls"
987:
848:
769:
538:Priesnitz, Rolf B. (March–April 2006).
97:
2912:
1356:
1095:
1075:
1048:"Building with Hempcrete or Hemp-Lime"
942:
920:
330:
23:Construction block made from hempcrete
1715:Recreational and medical applications
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107:and sets through the absorption of CO
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946:Hemp: Industrial Production and Uses
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402:capture within the net life cycle CO
1332:Construction and Building Materials
988:Flahiff, Daniel (August 24, 2009).
712:Arrigoni, Alessandro (April 2017).
13:
2864:Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor
2648:Legal history in the United States
1619:
1479:
1463:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.10597-1
1096:Dhakal, Ujwal (October 22, 2016).
1084:
1046:Magwood, Chris (January 7, 2016).
14:
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1344:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.081
855:Centre for Alternative Technology
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630:
561:
2894:
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2681:Rescheduling of cannabis in 2020
2169:Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome
464: This article incorporates
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389:, the binder begins to absorb CO
145:
133:
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2854:Cannabinoid receptor antagonist
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1572:Journal of Building Engineering
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770:Arehart, Jay (April 29, 2020).
157:
78:and consequently does not need
1439:10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.07.011
1215:Materials Today Communications
1161:10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.03.025
802:
596:Materials Today Communications
515:National Non-Food Crops Centre
503:
478:
1:
2603:Effects of legalized cannabis
2555:Adult lifetime use by country
1771:Chemical defenses in Cannabis
1404:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.102
1392:Journal of Cleaner Production
1262:10.1080/19648189.2009.9693171
1200:10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.01.028
1114:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.102
1102:Journal of Cleaner Production
1035:. The Limecrete Company, Ltd.
851:"Building with Hemp and Lime"
849:Rhydwen, Ranyl (2018-05-18).
788:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121846
776:Journal of Cleaner Production
730:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.161
718:Journal of Cleaner Production
654:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117852
642:Journal of Cleaner Production
453:
199:
2693:German cannabis control bill
2205:Occupational health concerns
1976:The Emperor Wears No Clothes
1697:
1457:. Elsevier. pp. 68–77.
1227:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.100986
927:(Thesis) (in French). Reims.
608:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2016.03.003
7:
1970:Hemp Industries Association
1874:Religious and spiritual use
1604:(Press release). 2022-02-22
1367:10.1007/978-94-024-1031-0_6
448:Hemp as a building material
436:
305:than other plant products.
162:Hempcrete has been used in
10:
2986:
2743:Cannabis political parties
1584:10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101323
1031:Abbott, Tom (2014-04-26).
417:
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2653:Marihuana Tax Act of 1937
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2210:Medical cannabis research
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1989:
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1662:Hemcrete application data
1309:10.1007/s00231-017-2221-2
1061:Stanwix, William (2014).
443:Fiber-reinforced concrete
2859:Endocannabinoid enhancer
2723:Hemp Farming Act of 2018
2658:Timeline of cannabis law
2583:Bootleggers and Baptists
1850:Cannabis product testing
1419:Building and Environment
1141:Building and Environment
309:Benefits and constraints
285:
2260:List of cannabis hoaxes
1720:Industrial applications
1626:Magwood, Chris (2016).
1602:GlobeNewswire News Room
873:Innovation News Network
46:material, a mixture of
2920:Appropriate technology
2803:Kyllo v. United States
2795:Leary v. United States
2608:Global Marijuana March
2185:Endocannabinoid system
2153:Amotivational syndrome
1958:List of hemp varieties
1736:Autoflowering cannabis
1544:Popescu, Adam (2018).
1289:Heat and Mass Transfer
1076:Kenter, Peter (2015).
971:"Hempcrete properties"
303:biological degradation
252:specific heat capacity
152:Structure of hempcrete
32:
24:
2560:Annual use by country
2163:Cannabis use disorder
2158:Cannabis in pregnancy
1919:List of hemp products
1914:List of hemp diseases
1865:Medical cannabis card
1033:"Hempcrete Factsheet"
921:Costantine, Georges.
814:Green Building Canada
544:Natural Life Magazine
485:Allin, Steve (2005).
297:Hempcrete has a high
205:Mechanical properties
30:
22:
2965:Sustainable building
2613:Legality of cannabis
2255:Cannabis Social Club
2031:Cannabis concentrate
1514:10.46909/alse-551047
1180:Energy and Buildings
335:Just like any crop,
256:thermal conductivity
98:Mixture of materials
2940:Energy conservation
2930:Composite materials
2841:Drug liberalization
2623:Regulatory agencies
2228:Cannabis by Country
1891:Marijuana Anonymous
1710:Outline of cannabis
1664:from Limetechnology
1431:2015BuEnv..93..199L
1301:2018HMT....54.1189B
1254:2009EJECE..13.1039N
1192:2018EneBu.165...76L
1153:2018BuEnv.136...11M
949:. CAB books. CABI.
943:Bouloc, P. (2013).
517:. February 21, 2008
331:Life cycle analysis
260:thermal diffusivity
2970:Thermal protection
2925:Building materials
2332:Operation Overgrow
2081:Quasi-psychedelic
2071:Marihuana prensada
1822:Synthetic cannabis
1550:The New York Times
487:Building with Hemp
242:Thermal properties
33:
25:
2907:
2906:
2829:
2828:
2811:Gonzales v. Raich
2787:Ker v. California
2699:Return to class B
2687:2018 Cannabis Act
2543:
2542:
2327:KBUD-AM (defunct)
2200:Long-term effects
2077:Phytocannabinoids
1985:
1984:
1507:(1(189)): 75–84.
1472:978-0-12-813196-1
1376:978-94-024-1030-3
956:978-1-84593-793-5
540:"Hemp For Houses"
496:978-0-9551109-0-0
2977:
2897:
2896:
2884:
2883:
2573:
2572:
2360:
2359:
2249:Cannabis Culture
2190:Impaired driving
2180:Entourage effect
2014:Cannabis smoking
1964:Hemp for Victory
1845:Medical cannabis
1835:
1834:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1669:
1668:
1651:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
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1541:
1535:
1534:
1516:
1492:
1477:
1476:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1295:(4): 1189–1197.
1283:
1274:
1273:
1248:(9): 1039–1050.
1237:
1231:
1230:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1138:
1129:
1118:
1117:
1093:
1082:
1081:
1073:
1067:
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1058:
1052:
1051:
1043:
1037:
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1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1004:
998:
997:
985:
979:
978:
967:
961:
960:
940:
929:
928:
918:
912:
911:
907:
901:
900:
890:
884:
883:
881:
880:
865:
859:
858:
846:
840:
839:
831:
825:
824:
822:
821:
806:
800:
799:
767:
744:
743:
741:
709:
658:
657:
637:
628:
627:
586:
559:
558:
556:
555:
546:. Archived from
535:
526:
525:
523:
522:
507:
501:
500:
482:
463:
269:
267:
149:
137:
125:
80:expansion joints
2985:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2878:
2870:
2825:
2774:
2735:
2729:
2672:
2666:
2618:Internationally
2588:Cannabis rights
2564:
2539:
2513:
2364:Cannabis rights
2351:
2214:
2195:Time perception
2139:
1997:Cannabis edible
1981:
1895:
1826:
1724:
1701:
1696:
1658:
1640:
1622:
1620:Further reading
1617:
1616:
1607:
1605:
1596:
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1591:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1542:
1538:
1493:
1480:
1473:
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1446:
1415:
1411:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1355:
1351:
1328:
1324:
1284:
1277:
1238:
1234:
1211:
1207:
1172:
1168:
1136:
1130:
1121:
1094:
1085:
1074:
1070:
1059:
1055:
1044:
1040:
1029:
1025:
1016:
1014:
1006:
1005:
1001:
986:
982:
975:www.minoeco.com
969:
968:
964:
957:
941:
932:
919:
915:
908:
904:
891:
887:
878:
876:
867:
866:
862:
847:
843:
832:
828:
819:
817:
808:
807:
803:
768:
747:
710:
661:
638:
631:
587:
562:
553:
551:
536:
529:
520:
518:
509:
508:
504:
497:
483:
479:
456:
439:
420:
409:
405:
401:
396:
392:
388:
362:ozone depletion
350:
342:
333:
311:
288:
265:
263:
244:
216:Young's modulus
207:
202:
160:
153:
150:
141:
140:Hempcrete wall
138:
129:
126:
110:
100:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2983:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
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2927:
2922:
2905:
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2901:
2891:
2875:
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2856:
2848:
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2791:
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2762:
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2755:
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2715:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2676:
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2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2620:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2551:
2549:
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2527:
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2299:
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2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2216:
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2213:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2155:
2149:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
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2135:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2090:
2074:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2043:
2038:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1967:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1916:
1911:
1905:
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1897:
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1894:
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1657:
1656:External links
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1065:. Green Books.
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370:eutrophication
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2950:Hemp products
2948:
2946:
2945:Heat transfer
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2705:Law No. 19172
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2356:Organizations
2354:
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2036:Essential oil
2034:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1961:
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1950:
1949:rolling paper
1947:
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1937:
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1932:
1930:
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1639:9781550926132
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1456:
1448:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1398:: 3655–3664.
1397:
1393:
1386:
1378:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
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1197:
1193:
1189:
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1177:
1170:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1115:
1111:
1108:: 3655–3664.
1107:
1103:
1099:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1079:
1072:
1064:
1057:
1049:
1042:
1034:
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764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
740:
739:11311/1023919
735:
731:
727:
724:: 1051–1061.
723:
719:
715:
708:
706:
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550:on 2021-05-14
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424:United States
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379:
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366:acidification
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324:
321:
320:prefabricated
315:
306:
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2785:
2753:of Minnesota
2679:Treaty law:
2644:In the U.S.
2548:Demographics
2412:Dagga Couple
2294:
2270:Competitions
2247:
2093:
2085:
2070:
2007:Cannabis tea
1974:
1962:
1923:
1886:Drug testing
1761:
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816:. 2017-06-29
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548:the original
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245:
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189:
161:
158:Applications
114:
101:
92:thermal mass
84:
44:biocomposite
39:
35:
34:
2850:Substances
2779:Legal cases
2736:and parties
2734:Politicians
2671:Major legal
2347:Video games
2312:Restaurants
2289:Stoner film
1781:Cultivation
1776:Consumption
1425:: 199–209.
1338:: 270–276.
1008:"Hempcrete"
602:: 122–133.
358:fossil fuel
268:10 m/s
88:carbon sink
72:brittleness
2955:Insulators
2914:Categories
2296:High Times
2026:Vaporizing
1909:Hanfparade
1608:2023-02-21
1578:: 101323.
1221:: 100986.
1017:2019-08-10
879:2020-12-17
820:2019-08-10
782:: 121846.
648:: 117852.
554:2009-12-07
521:2011-02-16
454:References
339:absorbs CO
227:earthquake
200:Properties
172:foundation
68:insulation
2748:of the US
2703:Uruguay:
2691:Germany:
2593:Activists
2442:GLM India
2342:Stoner TV
2322:Head shop
2280:Etiquette
2275:Cookbooks
2243:Budtender
1924:hempcrete
1860:In the US
1807:marijuana
1756:ruderalis
1648:947134507
1531:254006073
1523:2784-0360
1317:0947-7411
1270:1964-8189
1186:: 76–91.
1147:: 11–27.
994:Inhabitat
796:219024537
616:2352-4928
470:CC BY 4.0
105:limestone
64:pozzolans
36:Hempcrete
2935:Concrete
2899:Category
2887:Cannabis
2819:ADPF 187
2758:of Spain
2685:Canada:
2569:Politics
2337:Smoke-in
2307:Religion
2063:Tincture
2051:Hash oil
1990:Variants
1795:cannabis
1786:Glossary
1742:Cannabis
1699:Cannabis
624:54040137
472:license.
437:See also
116:product.
76:concrete
40:hemplime
2960:Masonry
2834:Related
2673:reforms
2576:General
2518:Science
2265:Columns
2220:Culture
2145:Effects
2096:-10-THC
2046:Hashish
1929:jewelry
1879:Chalice
1855:History
1838:General
1817:Strains
1729:General
1427:Bibcode
1297:Bibcode
1250:Bibcode
1188:Bibcode
1149:Bibcode
418:Summary
364:(ODP),
248:R-value
231:density
193:drywall
181:Ontario
50:hurds (
2889:portal
2822:(2011)
2814:(2005)
2806:(2001)
2798:(1969)
2790:(1963)
2535:ICEERS
2477:France
2317:Sports
2117:Other
2088:-8-THC
2041:Charas
1763:sativa
1749:indica
1646:
1636:
1529:
1521:
1469:
1373:
1315:
1268:
953:
794:
622:
614:
493:
378:diesel
368:(AP),
299:silica
185:Quebec
177:Canada
168:Canada
164:France
54:) and
52:shives
2494:SAFER
2472:NORML
2432:FAAAT
2427:ENCOD
2402:CLEAR
2302:Music
2285:Films
2238:Books
2171:(CHS)
2165:(CUD)
2094:delta
2086:delta
2019:Joint
2002:Bhang
1944:paper
1831:Usage
1811:slang
1803:ganja
1799:dagga
1791:Names
1555:4 May
1527:S2CID
1137:(PDF)
792:S2CID
620:S2CID
286:Other
236:mould
62:, or
2709:US:
2697:UK:
2530:ICRS
2525:IACM
2509:VMCA
2504:SSDP
2467:NCIA
2457:MAPS
2452:LEAP
2417:DFCR
2382:AMMA
2377:ALCP
2131:CBDP
2126:CBDH
2111:THCP
2106:THCH
2058:Kief
1934:milk
1901:Hemp
1644:OCLC
1634:ISBN
1557:2018
1519:ISSN
1467:ISBN
1371:ISBN
1313:ISSN
1266:ISSN
951:ISBN
612:ISSN
491:ISBN
466:text
337:hemp
292:hemp
264:1.48
183:and
60:sand
56:lime
48:hemp
2499:SCC
2462:MPP
2447:GMM
2437:FCA
2422:DPA
2407:CRC
2397:CBN
2392:CAN
2387:ASA
2372:ACT
2233:420
2121:CBD
2101:THC
1939:oil
1580:doi
1509:doi
1459:doi
1435:doi
1400:doi
1396:142
1363:doi
1340:doi
1305:doi
1258:doi
1223:doi
1196:doi
1184:165
1157:doi
1145:136
1110:doi
1106:142
784:doi
780:266
734:hdl
726:doi
722:149
650:doi
646:239
604:doi
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2487:UK
2482:NZ
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