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Service issued a report titled "Physical
Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General" that provided a comprehensive review of the available scientific evidence about the relationship between physical activity and an individual's health status at that time. The report showed that over 60% of Americans were not regularly active and that 25% are not active at all. There is very strong evidence linking physical activity to numerous health improvements. Health promotion can be performed in various locations. Among the settings that have received special attention are the community,
268:, schools, and worksites. Worksite health promotion, also known by terms such as "workplace health promotion", has been defined as "the combined efforts of employers, employees and society to improve the health and well-being of people at work". WHO states that the workplace "has been established as one of the priority settings for health promotion into the 21st century" because it influences "physical, mental, economic and social well-being" and "offers an ideal setting and infrastructure to support the promotion of health of a large audience".
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in daily activities in which environmental, organizational, and personal factors interact to affect health and wellbeing." There are 11 recognized settings in this approach: cities, villages, municipalities and communities, schools, workplaces, markets, homes, islands, hospitals, prisons, and universities.
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The WHO's settings approach to health promotion, Healthy
Settings, looks at the settings as individual systems that link community participation, equity, empowerment, and partnership to actions that promote health. According to the WHO, a setting is "the place or social context in which people engage
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According to the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), "Regular physical activity is one of the most effective disease prevention behaviors." Physical activity programs reduce feelings of anxiety and depression, reduce obesity (especially when combined with an improved diet), reduce risk
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The process of health promotion works in all settings and sectors where people live, work, play and love. A common setting is the workplace. The focus of health on the work site is that of prevention and the intervention that reduces the health risks of the employee. In 1996, the U.S. Public Health
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in the late 1980s, focuses more on the delivery of services with a bio-behavioral approach rather than environmental support using a settings approach. Later the power on the environment over behavior was incorporated. The Health
Promotion Glossary 2021 reinforces the international 1986 definition.
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Regional Office for Europe defined health promotion as "the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health". In addition to methods to change lifestyles, the WHO Regional Office advocated "legislation, fiscal measures, organizational change, community development
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found that exposure to long working hours is the occupational risk factor with the largest attributable burden of disease, i.e. an estimated 745,000 fatalities from ischemic heart disease and stroke events in 2016. This landmark study established a new global policy argument and agenda for health
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Health promotion in the hospital setting aims to increase health gain by supporting the health of patients, staff, and the community. This is achieved by integrating health promotion concepts, strategies, and values into the culture and organizational structure of the hospital. Specifically, this
144:, which contained a health promotion strategy "aimed at informing, influencing and assisting both individuals and organizations so that they will accept more responsibility and be more active in matters affecting mental and physical health". Another predecessor of the definition was the 1979
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A "meta-evaluation" of 56 studies published 1982–2005 found that worksite health promotion produced on average a decrease of 26.8% in sick leave absenteeism, a decrease of 26.1% in health costs, a decrease of 32% in workers' compensation costs and disability management claims costs, and a
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A meta-analysis of 46 studies published in 1970–2005 found moderate, statistically significant effects of work health promotion, especially exercise, on "work ability" and "overall well-being"; furthermore, "sickness absences seem to be reduced by activities promoting a healthy
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means setting up a management structure, involving medical and non-medical staff in health promotion communication, devising action plans for health promotion policies and projects, and measuring and measuring health outcomes and impact for staff, patients, and the community.
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In the most recent of a series of updates to a review of "comprehensive health promotion and disease management programs at the worksite," Pelletier (2005) noted "positive clinical and cost outcomes" but also found declines in the number of relevant studies and their
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focused on changing behavioral risk factors. However, recent evidence suggests that attitudes about public health policies are less about personal abilities or health messaging than about individuals' philosophical beliefs about morality, politics, and science.
1826:"Global, regional, and national burdens of ischemic heart disease and stroke attributable to exposure to long working hours for 194 countries, 2000–2016: A systematic analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury"
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A review of 119 studies suggested that successful work site health-promotion programs have attributes such as: assessing employees' health needs and tailoring programs to meet those needs; attaining high participation rates; promoting
1068:"A Swedish primary healthcare prevention programme focusing on promotion of physical activity and a healthy lifestyle reduced cardiovascular events and mortality: 22-year follow-up of 5761 study participants and a reference group"
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Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare, Public Health Service, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health and Surgeon General, 1979. DHEW (PHS) Publication No. 79-55071. Retrieved February 4,
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A review of 13 studies published through
January 2004 showed "strong evidence... for an effect on dietary intake, inconclusive evidence for an effect on physical activity, and no evidence for an effect on health risk
57:'s 1986 Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion and then the 2005 Bangkok Charter for Health Promotion in a Globalized World defines health promotion as "the process of enabling people to increase control over their
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which also came to be known as the "Epp report". This report defined the three "mechanisms" of health promotion as "self-care"; "mutual aid, or the actions people take to help each other cope"; and "healthy
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Pelletier KR (October 2005). "A review and analysis of the clinical and cost-effectiveness studies of comprehensive health promotion and disease management programs at the worksite: update VI 2000–2004".
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152:, which noted that health promotion "seeks the development of community and individual measures which can help... to develop lifestyles that can maintain and enhance the state of well-being".
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1304:"Physical Activity and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among Spanish Employees in a Health-Promotion Program before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Sanitas-Healthy Cities Challenge"
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The WHO, in collaboration with other organizations, has subsequently co-sponsored international conferences including the 2015 Okanagan
Charter on Health Promotion Universities and Colleges.
517:"Your Health vs. My Liberty: Philosophical beliefs dominated reflection and identifiable victim effects when predicting public health recommendation compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic"
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Scriven A (2007). "Developing local alliance partnerships through community collaboration and participation". In
Handsley, S., Lloyd, C.E., Douglas, J., Earle, S., Spurr, S.M. (eds.).
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can depend on laws and rules of public spaces. One of the Ottawa
Charter Health Promotion Action items is infusing prevention into all sectors of society, to that end, it is seen in
1477:"Weight loss, hypertension and mental well-being improvements during COVID-19 with a multicomponent health promotion programme on Zoom: a service evaluation in primary care"
1418:"Effects of a work-related stress model based mental health promotion program on job stress, stress reactions and coping profiles of women workers: a control groups study"
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Participants at the 1st Global
Conference on Health Promotion in Ottawa, Canada, Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1986. Retrieved September 15, 2021.
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A meta-analysis of 22 studies published 1997–2007 determined that workplace health promotion interventions led to "small" reductions in depression and anxiety.
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In November 2019, researchers reported, based on an international study of 27 countries, that caring for families is the main motivator for people worldwide.
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Engbers LH, van Poppel MN, Chin A, Paw MJ, van Mechelen W (July 2005). "Worksite health promotion programs with environmental changes: a systematic review".
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González-Dominguez ME, Romero-Sánchez JM, Ares-Camerino A, Marchena-Aparicio JC, Flores-Muñoz M, Infantes-Guzmán I, LeĂłn-Asuero JM, Casals-MartĂn F (2017).
759:"Caring for family is what motivates people worldwide - International study including 27 countries shows people prioritize loved ones over everything else"
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Kuoppala J, Lamminpää A, Husman P (November 2008). "Work health promotion, job well-being, and sickness absences—a systematic review and meta-analysis".
1249:"Field Test of an m-Health Worksite Health Promotion Program to Increase Physical Activity in Taiwanese Employees: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial"
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of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes; and finally improve stamina, strength, and energy.
1182:"Health and wellness in the Australian coal mining industry: An analysis of pre-post findings from the RESHAPE workplace health promotion program"
322:; targeting several health issues simultaneously; and offering different types of activities (e.g., group sessions as well as printed materials).
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published between 2005 and 2008 that examined the scientific literature on worksite health promotion programs include the following:
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Worksite health promotion programs (also called "workplace health promotion programs", "worksite wellness programs", or "
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such as income, housing, food security, employment, and quality working conditions. More recent work has used the term
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The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. First International Conference on Health Promotion, Ottawa, 21 November 1986.
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At least two publications led to a "broad empowerment/environmental" definition of health promotion in the mid-1980s:
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1744:"Meta-analysis of the effects of health promotion intervention in the workplace on depression and anxiety symptoms"
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Journath G, Hammar N, Vikström M, Linnersjö A, Walldius G, Krakau I, Lindgren P, de Faire U, Hellenius ML (2020).
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76:(HiAP) to refer to the actions that incorporate health into all public policies. Health promotion is aligned with
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of principles, standards, and recommendations for health promotion in the hospital and health services settings.
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Minkler M (Spring 1989). "Health education, health promotion and the open society: an historical perspective".
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81:
69:
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1363:"Effects of a multi-behavioral health promotion program at worksite on smoking patterns and quit behavior"
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2601:
168:
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Byrne DW, Rolando LA, Aliyu MH, McGown PW, Connor LR, Awalt BM, Holmes MC, Wang L, Yarbrough MI (2016).
203:"demands coordinated action by all concerned: by governments, by health and other social organizations."
190:"is not just the responsibility of the health sector, but goes beyond healthy life-styles to well-being"
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2556:"The Nutrition Source – Healthy Living Guide 2020/2021: A Digest on Healthy Eating and Healthy Living"
1125:"A Million Steps: Developing a Health Promotion Program at the Workplace to Enhance Physical Activity"
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Emerging theories in health promotion practice and research: strategies for improving public health
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Pega F, Nafradi B, Momen N, Ujita Y, Streicher K, PrĂĽss-ĂśstĂĽn A, Technical Advisory Group (2021).
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1014:"Modifiable Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors: 10-Year Health Outcomes From a Health Promotion Program"
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promotion on psychosocial risk factors (including psychosocial stress) in the workplace setting.
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ACSM's worksite health promotion manual: a guide to building and sustaining healthy worksites
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Healthy people: the Surgeon General's report on health promotion and disease prevention.
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465:"Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion: An International Conference on Health Promotion"
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Health Promoting Practice: the contribution of nurses and Allied Health Professionals
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and spontaneous local activities against health hazards" as health promotion methods.
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EuroHealthNet: The European Partnership for Improving Health, Equity and Well-Being
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1644:"Meta-evaluation of worksite health promotion economic return studies: 2005 update"
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Workplace health promotion. The workplace: a priority setting for health promotion.
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Health promotion: mobilizing strengths to enhance health, wellness, and well-being
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41:, the "process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their
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Process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health
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to reduce health promotion to just developing personal skills, also known as
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Epp J (1986). "Achieving health for all. A framework for health promotion".
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Mittelmark, M; Kickbusch, I; Rootman, I; Scriven, A and Tones, K. (2008)
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Health promotion programs: achieving high-level wellness in the later years
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659:"A discussion document on the concept and principles of health promotion".
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Planning, implementing, and evaluating health promotion programs: a primer
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763:
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Hu F, Cheung L, Otis B, Oliveira N, Musicus A, eds. (January 19, 2021).
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The "American" definition of health promotion, first promulgated by the
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International Network of Health Promoting Hospitals and Health Services
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can be developed in schools, while aspects of health promotion such as
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787:"Family Matters: Rethinking the Psychology of Human Social Motivation"
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2678:
1785:"The health and cost benefits of work site health-promotion programs"
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Planning health promotion programs: an intervention mapping approach
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Measurement and evaluation in health education and health promotion
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440:"Social Determinants of Health - Healthy People 2030 | health.gov"
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Health promotion planning: an educational and ecological approach
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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A new perspective on the health of Canadians. A working document.
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2563:
2519:
1065:
180:
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58:
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2453:(8th ed.). Upper Saddle River NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
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Principles & foundations of health promotion and education
1247:
Huang SJ, Hung WC, Shyu ML, Chou TR, Chang KC, Wai JP (2023).
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programs") include adequate sleep, cooking classes, exercise,
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1534:"CDC - Workplace Health - Implementation - Physical Activity"
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is the official, international network for the promotion and
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This first publication of health promotion is from the 1974
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Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety
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193:"aims at making... favourable through advocacy for health"
1179:
492:
Health promotion: disciplines, diversity, and developments
173:
Achieving health for all: a framework for health promotion
61:
and its determinants, and thereby improve their health".
2049:
1562:
1302:
Franco E, Urosa J, Barakat R, Refoyo I (March 8, 2021).
1301:
753:
2467:
2369:(6th ed.). Edinburgh: Balliere Tindall/ Elsivier.
1698:
1011:
2429:
2284:(5th ed.). Upper Saddle River NJ: Prentice Hall.
2242:
Bartholomew LK, Parcel GS, Kok G, Gottlieb NH (2006).
2163:
1883:
Health promotion: principles and clinical applications
924:
Health promotion: effectiveness, efficiency and equity
410:, Geneva: World Health Organization, 2021, p. 1,
187:". According to the Ottawa Charter, health promotion:
2279:
2096:
Health promotion at the community level: new advances
2075:
Health promotion: philosophy, practice, and prejudice
1823:
1741:
2553:
2204:
Cox CC, American College of Sports Medicine (2003).
2014:
Evaluating health promotion: a health worker's guide
2448:
1361:Mache S, Vitzthum K, Groneberg DA, Harth V (2019).
2472:(5th ed.). San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings.
2434:(4th ed.). San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings.
2408:
2385:
2116:
2093:
2051:
1971:
1927:
1880:
1782:
1180:Bezzina B A, Ashton L, Watson T, James CL (2023).
179:1st International Conference on Health Promotion,
104:rather than a treatment and curative care focused
2451:Health promotion strategies through the life span
2189:(3rd ed.). Albany: Delmar Thomson Learning.
1878:
1246:
946:European Network for Workplace Health Promotion.
3760:
2184:
2141:Encyclopedia of Public Health. London: Elsevier
2072:
2011:
1974:Health promotion of the elderly in the community
1742:Martin A, Sanderson K, Cocker F (January 2009).
1474:
876:World Health Organization (WHO) Health Promotion
730:
728:
423:
169:Canadian Minister of National Health and Welfare
926:(3rd ed.). Cheltenham UK: Nelson Thornes.
489:
2415:(2nd ed.). Champaign IL: Human Kinetics.
2329:Policy and Practice in Promoting Public Health
2265:(6th ed.). St. Louis MO: Mosby Elsevier.
2602:
2298:
2260:
1908:Wellness and health promotion for the elderly
725:
568:
566:
564:
562:
232:
2468:McKenzie JE, Thackeray R, Neiger BL (2009).
2430:Cottrell RR, Girvan JT, McKenzie JF (2008).
2406:
2383:
2246:(2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
2164:DiClemente RJ, Crosby RA, Kegler MC (2002).
2123:(3rd ed.). Mountain View CA: Mayfield.
2114:
2050:Downie RS, Tannahill C, Tannahill A (1996).
1969:
1597:
921:
2280:Pender NJ, Murdaugh CL, Parsons MA (2006).
2144:
1992:
1901:
1802:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090930
778:
747:
3564:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2609:
2595:
2364:
2345:
2222:
2147:Health promotion: foundations for practice
2030:
1925:
1641:
654:
652:
559:
514:
223:
3524:Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
3514:Center for Disease Control and Prevention
2568:Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
2545:Health Prevention and Promotion in the EU
2326:
2263:Health promotion throughout the life span
2225:Health promotion: evidence and experience
2091:
2058:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
1948:
1851:
1841:
1800:
1759:
1508:
1451:
1433:
1415:
1337:
1319:
1223:
1205:
1140:
1099:
842:"WHO | The WHO Health Promotion Glossary"
802:
572:
542:
532:
2449:Murray RB, Zentner JP, Yakimo R (2009).
1692:
784:
3569:Health departments in the United States
2033:Health promotion: concepts and practice
1887:. Norwalk CT: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
1879:Taylor RB, Ureda JR, Denham JW (1982).
1018:American Journal of Preventive Medicine
649:
407:Health Promotion Glossary of Terms 2021
283:, stress management, and, weight loss.
14:
3761:
3574:Council on Education for Public Health
1688:from the original on December 7, 2010.
1531:
1481:BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health
1416:Ornek OK, Esin MN (November 4, 2020).
692:
690:
3632:Professional degrees of public health
3539:Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
2590:
2301:Promoting Health: Global Perspectives
2100:(2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1007:
1005:
1003:
968:Workplace health promotion. Benefits.
791:Perspectives on Psychological Science
696:
3729:
3622:Bachelor of Science in Public Health
2574:from the original on October 5, 2021
2282:Health promotion in nursing practice
376:Health promotion in higher education
252:
211:American Journal of Health Promotion
150:Surgeon General of the United States
3741:
2890:Workers' right to access the toilet
2731:Human right to water and sanitation
2367:Promoting Health: a Practical Guide
2303:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
2149:(2nd ed.). Baillière Tindall.
2054:Health promotion: models and values
2012:Hawe P, Degeling D, Hall J (1990).
1783:Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ (2008).
1475:Walker L, Smith N, Delon C (2021).
687:
626:Ottawa: Government of Canada, 1974.
185:Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
39:Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
24:
1871:
1613:10.1097/01.jom.0000174303.85442.bf
1072:British Journal of Sports Medicine
1052:
1000:
25:
3790:
3163:Commercial determinants of health
2616:
2566:: Department of Nutrition at the
2488:
2187:Health promotion in the workplace
1955:. Indianapolis: Benchmark Press.
332:International Labour Organization
3740:
3728:
3717:
3716:
2746:National public health institute
2531:Healthy Cities – WHO EURO Office
2518:
2208:. Champaign IL: Human Kinetics.
115:officials, governments, and the
3143:Open-source healthcare software
2885:Sociology of health and illness
1997:. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
1978:. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
1911:. Rockville MD: Aspen Systems.
1817:
1776:
1735:
1635:
1591:
1556:
1525:
1468:
1409:
1354:
1295:
1240:
1173:
1116:
980:
960:
940:
915:
890:
864:
834:
534:10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104649
183:, 1986, which resulted in the "
111:There is a tendency among some
3504:Caribbean Public Health Agency
3316:Sexually transmitted infection
3213:Statistical hypothesis testing
2974:Occupational safety and health
2875:Sexual and reproductive health
2788:Occupational safety and health
2261:Edelman CL, Mandle CL (2006).
2170:. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
785:Ko, Ahra, et al. (2020).
629:
609:
508:
490:Bunton R, Macdonald G (2002).
483:
469:Public Health Agency of Canada
457:
432:
398:
82:non-governmental organizations
13:
1:
3158:Social determinants of health
2115:Green LW, Kreuter MW (1999).
1663:10.4278/0890-1171-19.4.TAHP-1
1253:Workplace Health & Safety
1129:Workplace Health & Safety
392:
3218:Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
2979:Human factors and ergonomics
2392:. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.
2299:Scriven A, Garman S (2007).
1843:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106595
1713:10.1097/JOM.0b013e31818dbf92
1577:10.1016/j.amepre.2005.03.001
1207:10.1371/journal.pone.0288244
1084:10.1136/bjsports-2019-101749
1030:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.012
7:
3399:Good manufacturing practice
3203:Randomized controlled trial
1993:Fogel CI, Lauver D (1990).
1926:Green LW, Lewis FM (1986).
1748:Scand J Work Environ Health
997:Retrieved February 4, 2009.
986:World Health Organization.
977:Retrieved February 4, 2009.
966:World Health Organization.
957:Retrieved February 4, 2009.
948:Workplace health promotion.
922:Tones K, Tilford S (2001).
744:Retrieved February 4, 2009.
494:(2nd ed.). Routledge.
338:
307:cost-benefit ratio of 5.81.
10:
3795:
3469:Theory of planned behavior
3394:Good agricultural practice
3299:Public health surveillance
3191:epidemiological statistics
2835:Public health intervention
2223:Lucas K, Lloyd BB (2005).
2145:Naidoo J, Wills J (2000).
1934:. Palo Alto CA: Mayfield.
1493:10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000219
1435:10.1186/s12889-020-09769-0
953:November 18, 2007, at the
587:10.1177/109019818901600105
371:Health promoting hospitals
259:Workplace health promotion
256:
233:Health Promoting Hospitals
131:
117:medical–industrial complex
64:Health promotion involves
33:is, as stated in the 1986
3774:World Health Organization
3712:
3647:
3606:
3591:World Toilet Organization
3586:World Health Organization
3493:
3482:
3419:
3344:
3260:
3188:
3153:Public health informatics
3093:
2898:
2860:Right to rest and leisure
2689:Globalization and disease
2624:
2536:December 5, 2009, at the
2509:Resources in your library
2411:Worksite health promotion
2350:. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
2073:Seedhouse, David (1997).
2031:Dines A, Cribb A (1993).
2016:. MacLennan & Petty.
1830:Environment International
1265:10.1177/21650799221082304
993:December 4, 2008, at the
973:December 3, 2008, at the
641:January 31, 2009, at the
515:Byrd N, Białek M (2021).
328:World Health Organization
326:A study conducted by the
35:World Health Organization
3637:Schools of public health
3429:Diffusion of innovations
3128:Health impact assessment
2840:Public health laboratory
2736:Management of depression
2346:Scriven, A, ed. (2005).
1142:10.1177/2165079917705146
804:10.1177/1745691619872986
755:Arizona State University
48:
3700:Social hygiene movement
3627:Doctor of Public Health
3459:Social cognitive theory
3261:Infectious and epidemic
3043:Fecal–oral transmission
1995:Sexual health promotion
740:March 20, 2012, at the
346:Breastfeeding promotion
224:Settings-Based Approach
140:from the Government of
98:breastfeeding promotion
3695:Germ theory of disease
3474:Transtheoretical model
1789:Annu Rev Public Health
1701:J. Occup. Environ. Med
1601:J. Occup. Environ. Med
1321:10.3390/ijerph18052735
711:10.1093/heapro/1.4.419
471:. November 17–21, 1986
266:health care facilities
196:"focuses on achieving
80:and can be a focus of
74:Health in All Policies
3579:Public Health Service
3464:Social norms approach
3454:PRECEDE–PROCEED model
2900:Preventive healthcare
2793:Pharmaceutical policy
2642:Chief Medical Officer
2407:Chenoweth DH (2007).
2384:Leddy, Susan (2006).
2185:O'Donnell MP (2002).
2035:. Blackwell Science.
1970:Heckheimer E (1989).
1367:Work (Reading, Mass.)
757:(November 26, 2019).
673:10.1093/heapro/1.1.73
667:(1): 73–6. May 1986.
381:Preventive healthcare
279:, physical activity,
159:In the year 1984 the
102:preventive healthcare
3655:Sara Josephine Baker
3554:Public Health Agency
3439:Health communication
3304:Disease surveillance
3270:Asymptomatic carrier
3252:Statistical software
2940:Preventive nutrition
2768:Medical anthropology
2657:Environmental health
2560:www.hsph.harvard.edu
2527:at Wikimedia Commons
84:(NGOs) dedicated to
3665:Carl Rogers Darnall
3660:Samuel Jay Crumbine
3434:Health belief model
3287:Notifiable diseases
3223:Regression analysis
3058:Waterborne diseases
2647:Cultural competence
2365:Scriven, A (2010).
2077:. New York: Wiley.
1642:Chapman LS (2005).
1544:on October 17, 2015
1198:2023PLoSO..1888244B
852:on January 20, 2022
167:In 1986, Jake Epp,
70:health determinants
3263:disease prevention
3198:Case–control study
2870:Security of person
2719:Health care reform
2092:Bracht NF (1999).
1949:Teague ML (1987).
1761:10.5271/sjweh.1295
1651:Am J Health Promot
1379:10.3233/WOR-192889
878:. October 28, 2023
872:"Healthy settings"
273:workplace wellness
3756:
3755:
3708:
3707:
3618:Higher education
3449:Positive deviance
3444:Health psychology
3420:Health behavioral
3347:safety management
3321:Social distancing
3095:Population health
3075:Smoking cessation
3023:Pharmacovigilance
2994:Injury prevention
2962:Infection control
2880:Social psychology
2830:Prisoners' rights
2773:Medical sociology
2741:Public health law
2637:Biological hazard
2523:Media related to
2495:Library resources
2479:978-0-321-49511-2
2460:978-0-13-513866-3
2441:978-0-321-53235-0
2422:978-0-7360-6041-7
2399:978-0-8036-1405-5
2376:978-0-7020-3139-7
2357:978-1-4039-3411-6
2310:978-1-4039-2136-9
2291:978-0-13-119436-6
2272:978-0-323-03128-8
2253:978-0-7879-7899-0
2234:978-0-7619-4005-0
2215:978-0-7360-4657-2
2196:978-0-7668-2866-7
2177:978-0-7879-5566-3
2156:978-0-7020-2448-1
2130:978-0-7674-0524-9
2107:978-0-7619-1844-8
2084:978-0-471-93910-8
2065:978-0-19-262592-2
2042:978-0-632-03543-4
2023:978-0-86433-067-3
2004:978-0-7216-3799-0
1985:978-0-7216-2136-4
1962:978-0-936157-08-5
1941:978-0-87484-481-8
1918:978-0-87189-238-6
1894:978-0-8385-3670-4
1422:BMC Public Health
1078:(21): 1294–1299.
933:978-0-7487-4527-2
501:978-0-415-23569-3
281:smoking cessation
253:Workplace Setting
16:(Redirected from
3786:
3779:Health campaigns
3769:Health promotion
3744:
3743:
3732:
3731:
3720:
3719:
3614:Health education
3491:
3490:
3345:Food hygiene and
3326:Tropical disease
3138:Infant mortality
3113:Community health
2989:Controlled Drugs
2925:Health promotion
2855:Right to housing
2699:Health economics
2611:
2604:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2543:Health-EU Portal
2525:Health promotion
2522:
2500:Health promotion
2483:
2464:
2445:
2426:
2414:
2403:
2391:
2380:
2361:
2342:
2331:. London: SAGE.
2314:
2295:
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2257:
2238:
2219:
2200:
2181:
2160:
2139:Health Promotion
2134:
2122:
2111:
2099:
2088:
2069:
2057:
2046:
2027:
2008:
1989:
1977:
1966:
1945:
1933:
1922:
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1855:
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1648:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1540:. Archived from
1529:
1523:
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1512:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1455:
1437:
1413:
1407:
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1114:
1113:
1103:
1063:
1050:
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1024:(6): 1027–1037.
1009:
998:
984:
978:
964:
958:
944:
938:
937:
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913:
912:
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883:
868:
862:
861:
859:
857:
848:. Archived from
838:
832:
831:
829:
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806:
782:
776:
775:
773:
771:
751:
745:
732:
723:
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647:
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627:
622:May 8, 2009, at
613:
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361:Health marketing
198:equity in health
125:social marketing
121:health education
31:Health promotion
21:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3704:
3675:Margaret Sanger
3643:
3602:
3486:
3484:
3478:
3421:
3415:
3387:Safety scandals
3346:
3340:
3262:
3256:
3190:
3184:
3180:Social medicine
3173:Race and health
3108:Child mortality
3089:
3048:Open defecation
2930:Human nutrition
2920:Family planning
2908:Behavior change
2894:
2850:Right to health
2763:Maternal health
2753:Health politics
2704:Health literacy
2620:
2615:
2577:
2575:
2538:Wayback Machine
2515:
2514:
2513:
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2377:
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2216:
2197:
2178:
2157:
2131:
2108:
2085:
2066:
2043:
2024:
2005:
1986:
1963:
1942:
1919:
1895:
1874:
1872:Further reading
1869:
1822:
1818:
1781:
1777:
1740:
1736:
1707:(11): 1216–27.
1697:
1693:
1685:
1646:
1640:
1636:
1596:
1592:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1532:Prevention Cf.
1530:
1526:
1473:
1469:
1414:
1410:
1359:
1355:
1300:
1296:
1245:
1241:
1192:(7): e0288244.
1178:
1174:
1135:(11): 512–516.
1121:
1117:
1064:
1053:
1010:
1001:
995:Wayback Machine
985:
981:
975:Wayback Machine
965:
961:
955:Wayback Machine
945:
941:
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920:
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891:
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823:
783:
779:
769:
767:
752:
748:
742:Wayback Machine
733:
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658:
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650:
643:Wayback Machine
634:
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404:
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399:
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386:Right to health
341:
261:
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94:Health literacy
68:that addresses
51:
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23:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
3792:
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3483:Organizations,
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3189:Biological and
3186:
3185:
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3182:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3155:
3150:
3148:Multimorbidity
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3099:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3085:Vector control
3082:
3077:
3072:
3070:School hygiene
3067:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3053:Sanitary sewer
3050:
3045:
3040:
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3011:Patient safety
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2694:Harm reduction
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2489:External links
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1607:(10): 1051–8.
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1373:(4): 543–551.
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176:environments".
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148:report of the
146:Healthy People
138:Lalonde report
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86:social justice
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3549:Health Canada
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2967:Oral hygiene
2957:Hand washing
2935:Healthy diet
2924:
2865:Right to sit
2758:Labor rights
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290:Reviews and
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3487:and history
3367:Engineering
3080:Vaccination
2952:Food safety
2578:October 11,
1903:Dychtwald K
1754:(1): 7–18.
1657:(6): 1–11.
1538:www.cdc.gov
1428:(1): 1658.
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907:October 28,
882:October 28,
764:EurekAlert!
615:Lalonde M.
475:October 28,
311:lifestyle".
171:, released
3763:Categories
3500:Caribbean
3377:Processing
3311:Quarantine
3233:Student's
3033:Sanitation
2667:History of
2315:paperback
1836:: 106595.
1795:: 303–23.
898:"About us"
856:August 11,
527:: 104649.
444:health.gov
393:References
3680:John Snow
3607:Education
3597:Full list
3485:education
3409:ISO 22000
3362:Chemistry
3275:Epidemics
3228:ROC curve
3038:Emergency
2818:Radiation
2798:Pollution
2782:Ministers
2679:Euthenics
1679:208067183
1501:2516-5542
1444:1471-2458
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1038:1873-2607
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521:Cognition
351:Health 21
320:self care
277:nutrition
18:Healthful
3723:Category
3422:sciences
3357:Additive
3028:Safe sex
2999:Medicine
2913:Theories
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2662:Eugenics
2652:Deviance
2632:Auxology
2572:Archived
2534:Archived
2227:. SAGE.
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639:Archived
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553:33756152
339:See also
330:and the
303:quality.
3735:Commons
3648:History
3545:Canada
3520:Europe
3004:Nursing
2984:Hygiene
2947:Hygiene
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1101:7588408
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3510:China
3382:Safety
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817:S2CID
646:2009.
599:S2CID
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3292:List
3280:List
2813:Soil
2580:2021
2474:ISBN
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