1993:
1746:
618:) holds interpreting tests for Hazaragi as a distinct language, noting in test materials that Hazaragi varies by dialect, and that any dialect of Hazaragi may be used in interpreter testing as long as it would be understood by the average speaker. The test materials also note that Hazaragi in some locations has been significantly influenced by surrounding languages and that the use of non-Hazaragi words assimilated from neighboring languages would be penalized in testing.
1869:
1922:
77:
36:
1862:
1877:
139:
854:
Stress is dynamic and similar to that in Dari and Tajik varieties of
Persian, and not variable. It generally falls on the last syllable of a nominal form, including derivative suffixes and several morphological markers. Typical is the insertion of epenthetic vowels in consonant clusters (as in
1646:. However, the systematic arrangement of all forms according to their morphological, as well as semantic, function shows that those forms fit well within the overall pattern. The system may tentatively be shown as follows (all forms are 1st sing), leaving out complex compound forms such as
669:, the present dialect to consist of three strata: (1) pre-Mongol Persian, with its own substratum; (2) the Mongolian language; and (3) modern tājiki, which preserves in it elements of (1) and (2). According to Temirkhanov, the Mongolian elements make up 10% of the Hazara vocabulary.
231:
783:
As a group of eastern
Persian varieties which are considered the more formal and classical varieties of Persian, Hazaragi retains the voiced fricative , and the bilabial articulation of has borrowed the (rare) retroflexes and ; as in
1602:
The tense, mood, and aspect system is typically quite different from
Western Persian. The basic tense system is threefold: present-future, past, and remote (pluperfect). New modal paradigms developed in addition to the subjunctives:
637:
The
Persian language became so much part of the religion of Islam that it almost went wherever Islam took roots. Persian entered, in this way, into the very faith and thought of the people embracing Islam throughout
843:). The vocalic system is typically eastern Persian, characterized by the loss of length distinction, the retention of mid vowels, and the rounding of and , alternating with its merger with , or (cf. Persian
2151:
2921:
615:
1653:
In the assumptive, the distinction appears to be not between present versus past, but indefinite versus definite. Also, similar to all
Persian varieties, the imperfective forms in
563:(Hazaristan) region of central Afghanistan, as well as other Hazara-populated areas of Afghanistan), with a significant population in Pakistan (particularly
3323:
2395:
A. G. Ravan
Farhadi, Le persan parlé en Afghanistan: Grammaire du kâboli accompagnée d’un recuil de quatrains populaires de région de Kâbol, Paris, 1955.
2488:
Farhadi, Le persan parlé en
Afghanistan: Grammaire du kâboli accompagnée d’un recuil de quatrains populaires de région de Kâbol, Paris, 1955, pp. 64–67
2101:
3569:
2127:"A Sociological Study of Hazara Tribe in Balochistan (An Analysis of Socio-Cultural Change) University of Karachi, Pakistan July 1976 p.302"
1849:
658:
languages penetrated as living languages amongst
Hazaras, and Hazaragi contains many Turkic and a few Mongolic loanwords or, according to
3599:
2959:
2926:
2895:
2885:
2554:
2423:. In V. A. Efimov (ed.), Sredneiranskie i novoiranskie Jazyki: Moskva: Izdatel'stvo Firma Vostočnaya Literatura RAN. pp. 344–414.
2332:"A Sociological Study of Hazara Tribe in Balochistan (An Analysis of Socio-Cultural Change) University of Karachi, Pakistan July 1976"
611:
3589:
2911:
1905:
1677:, "I shall go, and may be able to get to Čaman". Participial nominalization is typical, both with the perfect participle (e.g.,
2515:
G. K. Dulling, The
Hazaragi Dialect of Afghan Persian: A Preliminary Study, Central Asian Monograph 1, London, 1973. pp. 35–36
2386:
G. K. Dulling, The
Hazaragi Dialect of Afghan Persian: A Preliminary Study, Central Asian Monograph 1, London, 1973. pp. 29–41
1318:, meaning "the book of Maḥmud"). Topicalized possessors precede the head noun marked by the resumptive personal suffix (as in
3594:
2506:
G. K. Dulling, The Hazaragi Dialect of Afghan Persian: A Preliminary Study, Central Asian Monograph 1, London, 1973. p. 37
2916:
2497:
V. S.Rastorgueva, A Short Sketch of Tajik Grammar, tr. Herbert H. Paper, Bloomington, Ind., and The Hague, 1963, pp. 9–10
1210:
1201:
2404:
Idem, The Spoken Dari of Afghanistan: A Grammar of Kāboli Dari (Persian), Compared to the Literary Language, Kabul, 1975
2890:
2241:
1834:
731:
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1965:
1839:
1819:
197:
179:
120:
63:
49:
17:
102:
1133:
996:
2377:
Idem, “Khazara yazyk,” in Yazyki mira. Iranskiĭ yazyki I: yugo-zapadnye iranskiĭ yazyki, Moscow, 1997, pp. 154–66.
2057:
2952:
2211:
1115:
745:
3579:
2547:
2278:
1880:
526:, with many Mongolian and Turkic words. Despite these differences, the two dialects are mutually intelligible.
334:
87:
2992:
1178:
1051:
495:
2311:
2997:
2579:
1844:
1124:
1642:. There are doubts about several of the less commonly found, or recorded, forms, in particular those with
1239:
1235:
777:
2587:
1898:
1148:
989:
752:
715:
510:. The primary differences between Dari and Hazaragi are the accents and Hazaragi's greater array of many
2368:
Valentin Aleksandrovich Efimov, Yazyk afganskikh khazara: Yakavlangskii dialect, Moscow, 1965. pp. 22–83
2273:
Barbara A. West. "Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania". pp 272. Info base Publishing, 2009.
3584:
3564:
2945:
1472:
The inflection (u,o) that Hazaras use to pluralize nouns is also found in Avesta, Yashts such as Aryo.
1219:
973:
766:
2200:"The Hazara speak an eastern variety of Persian called Hazaragi with many Mongolian and Turkic words."
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1992:
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157:
1322:, literally "Zulmay her mother"). Prepositions include, in addition to the standard Persian ones,
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314:
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319:
1310:, meaning "bigger"). Dependent adjectives and nouns follow the head noun and are connected by
559:
Hazaragi is spoken by the Hazara people, who mainly live in Afghanistan (predominantly in the
3541:
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1829:
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1195:
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161:
55:
2082:
The Mongols of Afghanistan: An Ethnography of the Moghôls and Related Peoples of Afghanistan
1955:
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801:
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515:
2102:"Language of the "Mountain Tribe": A Closer Look at Hazaragi – Languages Of The World"
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1961:
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324:
2022:
Mai ve siyah: [milli] roman [Blue and Black : A national novel]
2020:
3455:
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905:
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to move towards official recognition of the Hazaragi language. Currently, NAATI (
554:
306:
2006:
1638:
Moreover, all past and remote forms have developed imperfective forms marked by
1607:
The non-seen/mirative that originates in the resultative-stative perfect (e.g.,
3530:
3488:
3475:
3190:
3179:
3128:
3071:
3065:
3039:
3034:
2833:
2681:
2611:
1070:
678:
377:
366:
1350:(meaning "like"). Interrogatives typically function also as indefinite (as in
677:
The grammatical structure of Hazaragi is practically identical to that of the
3558:
3436:
3390:
3311:
3201:
3184:
2795:
2758:
2753:
2708:
2693:
1935:
1802:
1755:
1108:
966:
479:
1745:
606:
In recent years, a substantial population of Hazara refugees has settled in
2290:
1705:, "One object, that was about to fall, I grabbed, and held it". The clitic
1342:(meaning "to") in dative function. Loaned postpositions include comitative
2331:
2195:
2126:
1980:
397:
3481:
2619:
2603:
697:
603:
where there are an estimated 399,000 speakers in the country as of 2021.
600:
258:
1681:, "(having) done") and with the derived participle with passive meaning
1634:, "it wants, intends") combined with the indicate and subjunctive forms.
3156:
2922:
List of countries and territories where Persian is an official language
1985:
1703:
yag čiz, ki uftadani baš-a, ma u-ra qad-dist-ḵu girift-um, tulḡa kad-um
1697:, "Today he repeats (reading) what he had read"). The gerundive (e.g.,
1508:, meaning "then". These are also marked by distinctive initial stress.
709:
702:
659:
639:
580:
576:
523:
272:
1669:, "If the field would only be/have been plowed!" Modal verbs, such as
3338:
2713:
2353:"О некоторых спорных вопросах этнической истории хазарейского народа"
1767:
760:
739:
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592:
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519:
406:
390:
2937:
105:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
3291:
2532:
1921:
1582:, "I hit, I am hitting"). The subjunctive and imperative marker is
584:
530:
262:
2787:
2089:
1475:
3511:
3143:
3098:
1737:
616:
National Accreditation Authority for Translators and Interpreters
572:
534:
287:
276:
3296:
3150:
3123:
1622:
the potential, or assumptive, which is marked by the invariant
588:
564:
2315:
2256:
Area Handbook for Afghanistan, page 77, Harvey Henry Smith,
1673:("can"), are constructed with the perfect participle; e.g.,
3465:
2676:
2204:
2025:. Hilminin koleksiyonu. Vol. 43. Hilmi Kitabevi. 1938.
1665:, are used in irreal conditional clauses and wishes; e.g.,
1234:
only occurs infrequently and among more educated speakers.
599:
increased significantly due to the influx of refugees from
596:
568:
503:
230:
2477:
Origins of the New and Middle Persian phonological systems
2357:"монгольские элементы составляют 10% хазарейской лексики"
1513:
Hazaragi particles, conjunctions, modals, and adverbials
548:
2326:
2324:
1594:, "I was not hitting"). These usually attract stress.
461:
2345:
2173:
2171:
1612:
1331:
1279:
1263:
844:
836:
828:
820:
794:
442:
1917:
2321:
2177:Charles M. Kieffer, "HAZĀRA iv. Hazāragi dialect,"
2168:
3556:
2181:Online Edition, December 15, 2003, available at
645:
2007:"Hazaragi language, alphabet and pronunciation"
1476:Particles, conjunctions, modals, and adverbials
800:); and rarely articulates . The convergence of
2452:
2355:. Советская этнография. 1. P. 91. In Russian:
1701:, "to be done") is likewise productive, as in
218:
2953:
2548:
2312:Accreditation by Testing: Information booklet
2191:
2189:
1899:
1693:, "I am looking at a plowed/unplowed field";
1586:(with similar assimilation). The negation is
1619:), which has largely lost its non-modal use;
1238:can be heard as either a trill or a tap . /
160:. There might be a discussion about this on
2896:Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2071:
537:), Hazaragi has a significant admixture of
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
27:Persian dialect spoken by the Hazara people
2960:
2946:
2886:Academy of Persian Language and Literature
2555:
2541:
2186:
1906:
1892:
1721:, "He himself left; I, though, I stayed".
1675:ma bû-r-um, da čaman rasid-a ḵot tanist-um
453:
431:
229:
220:
1250:The most productive derivative marker is
819:Diphthongs include , , and (cf. Persian
612:Department of Immigration and Citizenship
198:Learn how and when to remove this message
180:Learn how and when to remove this message
121:Learn how and when to remove this message
2427:
2149:
713:
672:
662:, with many Mongolian and Turkic words.
3570:Eastern Persian dialects in Afghanistan
2912:List of English words of Persian origin
14:
3557:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2145:
2143:
2967:
2941:
2536:
1953:
1691:zamin-i qulba (na-)šuda-ra mi-ngar-um
1245:
863:; "wool") and final devoicing (as in
595:. The number of Hazaragi speakers in
2562:
2231:
1876:
1298:, and the specific object marker is
1242:/ can also range to uvular sounds .
816:) is still kept separate in Hazara.
626:
549:Geographic distribution and diaspora
452:
132:
70:
29:
2917:List of French loanwords in Persian
2407:
2283:
2150:Monsutti, Alessandro (2017-07-01),
2140:
1861:
1286:). The emphatic vocative marker is
430:
24:
3600:Languages of Balochistan, Pakistan
3540:Languages between parentheses are
2891:Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan
1974:
1957:Culture and Customs of Afghanistan
1657:, and past perfect forms, such as
1553:
1278:, meaning "brothers"; cf. Persian
780:can also approach the sound or .
25:
3611:
2521:
1719:i-yši raft, ma-ḵu da ḵona mand-um
1218:
1209:
1200:
1184:
1177:
1168:
1147:
1139:
1132:
1123:
1114:
1083:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1034:
1027:
1009:
1002:
995:
988:
979:
972:
936:
927:
812:(probably under the influence of
765:
751:
744:
730:
721:
714:
485:
45:This article has multiple issues.
3514:(unknown further classification)
1991:
1920:
1875:
1868:
1867:
1860:
1744:
137:
75:
34:
2509:
2500:
2491:
2482:
2479:(Cracow 1985), p. 112-114, 117.
2469:
2398:
2389:
2380:
2371:
2362:
2305:
2267:
2250:
2225:
1262:, meaning "books"; cf. Persian
871:Consonant phonemes of Hazaragi
53:or discuss these issues on the
3590:Persian dialects and varieties
3544:of the language on their left.
2927:Persian language in South Asia
2119:
2094:
2050:
2029:
2013:
1999:
1947:
1667:kaški zimi qulba kadagi mu-but
1346:(meaning "together with") and
792:(meaning "idol") (cf. Persian
541:influence in the language via
498:. It is an eastern variety of
13:
1:
2528:Hazaragi Translation Services
2455:"HAZĀRA iv. Hazāragi dialect"
2156:Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
2037:"HAZĀRA iv. Hazāragi dialect"
1941:
1713:topicalizes parts of speech,
1354:, meaning "which, someone").
1338:); the latter often replaces
1254:, and the plural markers are
646:Turkic and Mongolic influence
575:), and by Hazaras in eastern
496:Indo-European language family
3595:Persian language in Pakistan
2212:"Attitudes Towards Hazaragi"
2196:"Hazara people • Britannica"
2058:"Attitudes towards Hazaragi"
1685:, "having been done" (e.g.,
1302:. The comparative marker is
720:
684:
490:Hazaragi is a member of the
462:
7:
2318:, VERSION 1.10- August 2010
1724:
1689:, "The field is ploughed";
1613:
1558:The imperfective marker is
1376:
1332:
1330:(meaning "in"; cf. Persian
1294:, the indefinite marker is
1280:
1264:
845:
837:
829:
821:
795:
690:Vowel phonemes of Hazaragi
443:
101:the claims made and adding
10:
3616:
2839:Romanized Persian alphabet
1954:Emadi, Hafizullah (2005).
1524:
1521:
1518:
1373:
1370:
1367:
630:
621:
552:
506:, one of the two official
219:
3521:
3504:
3404:
3240:
3231:
3090:
3015:
3006:
2975:
2904:
2878:
2865:Middle Persian literature
2852:
2804:
2774:
2741:
2657:
2649:Western Iranian languages
2631:
2570:
1597:
1258:for the inanimate (as in
1194:
1183:
1138:
1101:
1069:
954:
921:
875:
708:
633:Muslim conquest of Persia
404:
388:
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363:
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268:
254:
228:
217:
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3575:Languages of Afghanistan
2236:. کابل: انتشارات امیری.
1326:(meaning "with, using",
508:Languages of Afghanistan
2351:Temirkhanov L. (1968).
1648:zada ḵot mu-buda baš-um
1562:(assimilated variants:
1274:for the animate (as in
502:and closely related to
299:4.0 million (2017)
2659:Dialects and varieties
2639:Indo-Iranian languages
2419:Efimov, V. A. (2008).
2264:) Foreign Area Studies
2234:تاریخ باستانی هزارهها
2106:Languages Of The World
2086:The Hague, Netherlands
1695:imrûz tikrar mu-kun-a
806:voiced velar fricative
478:that is spoken by the
3580:Languages of Pakistan
2812:Old Persian cuneiform
2615:(c. 300 BCE – 800 CE)
1717:the predicate; as in
1687:zimin-i qulba kada-ya
1504:, meaning "now"; and
1500:, meaning "perhaps";
1496:, meaning "however";
788:(meaning "boot") vs.
673:Grammatical structure
667:Encyclopaedia Iranica
3535:historical languages
2457:. Iranica. p. 1
2453:Charles M. Kieffer.
2334:. Eprints.hec.gov.pk
2179:Encyclopedia Iranica
2129:. Eprints.hec.gov.pk
1359:Pronouns in Hazaragi
335:Southwestern Iranian
150:confusing or unclear
2827:Persian calligraphy
2580:Proto-Indo-European
2258:American University
2232:دلجو, عباس (2014).
1732:Part of a series on
1515:
1364:
1363:(Persian – Ironik)
872:
691:
374:Perso-Arabic Script
248:Perso-Arabic script
158:clarify the article
2860:Persian literature
2607:(c. 525 – 300 BCE)
2588:Proto-Indo-Iranian
1511:
1357:
1246:Nominal morphology
870:
802:voiced uvular stop
689:
86:possibly contains
3585:Languages of Iran
3565:Hazaragi language
3552:
3551:
3500:
3499:
3227:
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2969:Iranian languages
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2742:Language features
2644:Iranian languages
2632:Language families
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1989:(27th ed., 2024)
1916:
1915:
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1551:
1550:
1492:, meaning "but";
1484:, meaning "yes";
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1469:
1414:šimû/šumû (cumo)
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627:Persian and Islam
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88:original research
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1143:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1107:
1087:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1038:
1031:
1020:
1013:
1006:
999:
992:
983:
976:
965:
940:
931:
873:
869:
867:; "self, own").
850:
842:
834:
826:
814:Turkic languages
798:
779:
769:
755:
748:
734:
725:
718:
692:
688:
610:, prompting the
476:Persian language
466:) is an eastern
465:
459:romanized:
458:
456:
455:
446:
436:
434:
433:
416:
400:
393:
369:
309:
279:-populated areas
233:
224:
223:
222:
210:
209:
203:
196:
185:
178:
174:
171:
165:
141:
140:
133:
126:
119:
115:
112:
106:
103:inline citations
79:
78:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3547:
3517:
3496:
3400:
3223:
3086:
3002:
2971:
2966:
2936:
2931:
2900:
2874:
2848:
2844:Persian Braille
2817:Pahlavi scripts
2800:
2782:Persian grammar
2770:
2737:
2699:Kuwaiti Persian
2653:
2627:
2566:
2561:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2451:
2428:
2417:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2350:
2346:
2337:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2272:
2268:
2255:
2251:
2244:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2194:
2187:
2176:
2169:
2161:
2159:
2148:
2141:
2132:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2111:
2109:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2076:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1866:
1858:
1812:
1727:
1600:
1556:
1554:Verb morphology
1478:
1457:–tû/-šimû/šumû
1248:
959:
900:
810:Western Persian
687:
675:
648:
635:
629:
624:
557:
555:Hazara diaspora
551:
488:
412:
396:
389:
370:
365:
359:
330:Western Iranian
310:
307:Language family
305:
296:
295:Native speakers
250:
246:written in the
204:
193:
192:
191:
186:
175:
169:
166:
155:
142:
138:
127:
116:
110:
107:
92:
80:
76:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3613:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3538:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3489:Middle Persian
3485:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3453:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3376:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3284:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3255:
3250:
3244:
3242:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3187:
3182:
3160:
3153:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3121:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2993:Middle Iranian
2990:
2985:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2965:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2942:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2834:Tajik alphabet
2831:
2830:
2829:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2805:Writing system
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2663:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2617:
2612:Middle Persian
2609:
2601:
2593:
2585:
2576:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2560:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2522:External links
2520:
2518:
2517:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2468:
2426:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2379:
2370:
2361:
2344:
2320:
2304:
2282:
2266:
2249:
2243:978-9936801509
2242:
2224:
2203:
2185:
2167:
2139:
2118:
2093:
2070:
2049:
2028:
2012:
1998:
1973:
1966:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1750:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1726:
1723:
1636:
1635:
1620:
1611:; cf. Persian
1599:
1596:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1480:These include
1477:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1374:Second person
1372:
1369:
1247:
1244:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1216:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1173:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1128:
1121:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1007:
1000:
993:
986:
984:
977:
970:
963:
952:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
934:
932:
925:
919:
918:
913:
908:
903:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
773:
772:
770:
763:
757:
756:
749:
742:
736:
735:
727:
726:
719:
712:
706:
705:
700:
695:
686:
683:
679:Kabuli dialect
674:
671:
647:
644:
628:
625:
623:
620:
571:(particularly
550:
547:
494:branch of the
487:
486:Classification
484:
418:
417:
410:
402:
401:
394:
386:
385:
384:Language codes
381:
380:
378:Latin alphabet
371:
367:Writing system
364:
361:
360:
358:
357:
356:
355:
354:
353:
352:
351:
350:
349:
348:
347:
313:
311:
304:
301:
300:
297:
294:
291:
290:
285:
281:
280:
270:
266:
265:
256:
255:Native to
252:
251:
234:
226:
225:
215:
214:
206:
205:
188:
187:
145:
143:
136:
129:
128:
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3612:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3461:Caucasian Tat
3459:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2983:Proto-Iranian
2981:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2963:
2958:
2956:
2951:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:Organizations
2877:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2796:Tajik grammar
2794:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2712:
2710:
2709:Judeo-Persian
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2621:
2618:
2613:
2610:
2605:
2602:
2599:(c. 1500 BCE)
2597:
2596:Proto-Iranian
2594:
2591:(c. 2000 BCE)
2589:
2586:
2583:(c. 3000 BCE)
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2558:
2553:
2551:
2546:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2512:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2478:
2475:A. Pisowicz,
2472:
2461:September 15,
2456:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2422:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2401:
2392:
2383:
2374:
2365:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2245:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2183:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2144:
2128:
2122:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2059:
2053:
2038:
2032:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2008:
2002:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1969:
1967:9780313330896
1963:
1959:
1958:
1950:
1946:
1937:
1936:Aimaq dialect
1934:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1918:
1909:
1904:
1902:
1897:
1895:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1756:Hazara people
1754:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1626:(cf. Persian
1625:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1522:Persian/Dari
1517:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1377:Third person
1371:First person
1366:
1362:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:Zulmay ayê-ši
1317:
1316:kitab-i mamud
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1267:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1142:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1001:
998:
994:
991:
987:
985:
982:
978:
975:
971:
968:
964:
962:
957:
953:
950:
948:
946:
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2293:. Ethnologue
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2215:. Retrieved
2206:
2199:
2198:In English:
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2108:. 2011-12-12
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156:Please help
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47:Please help
44:
3482:Old Persian
3319:Mazanderani
3113:Khwarezmian
2998:New Iranian
2988:Old Iranian
2714:Judeo-Tat (
2620:New Persian
2604:Old Persian
2090:OCLC 401634
2088:, page 17,
1865:WikiProject
1798:Nationalism
1663:zada bud-um
1541:dalil'dera
1463:-iš/-(i)ši
1440:-iš/-(i)ši
1196:Approximant
650:Over time,
601:Afghanistan
579:, northern
259:Afghanistan
3559:Categories
3157:Sarghulami
3077:Yazghulami
3030:Ishkashimi
2853:Literature
2749:Vocabulary
2623:(from 800)
2338:2013-12-08
2291:"Hazaragi"
2279:1438119135
2162:2021-10-08
2133:2013-12-08
2112:2018-08-14
1986:Ethnologue
1942:References
1615:zada(e) am
1348:(az) -worî
660:Britannica
640:South Asia
631:See also:
581:Tajikistan
577:Uzbekistan
553:See also:
524:Britannica
518:words and
514:and a few
275:and other
273:Hazaristan
152:to readers
95:improve it
50:improve it
3542:varieties
3529:indicate
3450:Pahlavani
3442:Bakhtiari
3427:Kuhmareyi
3417:Bashkardi
3339:Old Azeri
3050:Sanglechi
2766:Phonology
2297:5 October
2152:"Hazāras"
1659:mi-zad-um
1580:mi-zan-um
1519:Hazaragi
1425:singular
1382:singular
1109:voiceless
1103:Fricative
967:voiceless
961:Affricate
894:Retroflex
685:Phonology
608:Australia
593:Australia
561:Hazarajat
520:loanwords
438:romanized
407:Glottolog
391:ISO 639-3
284:Ethnicity
99:verifying
56:talk page
3471:Hazaragi
3422:Garmsiri
3362:Sangsari
3357:Lasgerdi
3346:Parthian
3324:Tabaroid
3292:Kurmanji
3248:Ashtiani
3217:Yaghnobi
3175:Ossetian
3164:Scythian
3139:Southern
3134:Northern
3106:Bactrian
3055:Sarikoli
3025:Bartangi
2689:Hazaragi
2084:Mouton,
1981:Hazaragi
1873:Category
1840:Religion
1835:Military
1820:Politics
1783:Diaspora
1773:Language
1725:See also
1699:kad-an-i
1683:kad-ag-i
1578:; as in
1525:English
1466:(-econ)
1460:(-eton)
1454:(-emon)
1308:kalû-tar
901:alveolar
889:Alveolar
804:(ق) and
656:Mongolic
585:Americas
533:(former
531:Daykundi
516:Mongolic
449:Hazaragi
444:həzārəgi
423:Hazaragi
414:haza1239
345:Hazaragi
263:Pakistan
236:Hazāragi
213:Hazaragi
3531:extinct
3527:Italics
3512:Badeshi
3456:Persian
3432:Kumzari
3374:Taleshi
3367:Sorkhei
3352:Semnani
3307:Kordali
3287:Kurdish
3281:Gorgani
3259:Daylami
3253:Balochi
3233:Western
3211:Sogdian
3170:Alanian
3144:Wanetsi
3129:Central
3119:Parachi
3099:Avestan
3060:Shughni
3045:Roshani
3008:Eastern
2976:History
2775:Grammar
2733:Dehwari
2728:Sistani
2723:Bukhori
2672:Iranian
2572:History
2158:, Brill
2080:(1962)
1881:Commons
1850:Battles
1825:Writers
1808:Cuisine
1778:Culture
1761:list of
1738:Hazaras
1590:(as in
1530:amyale
1482:atê/arê
1448:plural
1420:(icon)
1405:plural
1314:(as in
1306:(as in
1276:birar-û
1260:kitab-o
956:Plosive
916:Glottal
899:Palato-
808:(غ) in
622:History
573:Mashhad
535:Uruzgan
500:Persian
492:Iranian
474:of the
472:variety
468:dialect
440::
427:Persian
340:Persian
325:Iranian
288:Hazaras
148:may be
93:Please
3505:Others
3412:Achomi
3384:Tatoid
3332:Median
3302:Xwarin
3297:Sorani
3275:Gorani
3270:Gilaki
3191:Jassic
3151:Ormuri
3124:Pashto
3091:Others
3082:Yidgha
2716:Juhuri
2677:Afghan
2421:Xazara
2277:
2240:
2217:4 June
2063:5 June
2042:5 June
1964:
1845:Sports
1803:Tribes
1628:xāh-ad
1609:zad-ēm
1598:Tenses
1547:maybe
1533:aknun
1506:wuḵt-a
1443:(-ec)
1437:(-et)
1417:yo/wo
1388:(man)
1324:ḵun(i)
1270:) and
1159:voiced
1022:voiced
911:Uvular
884:Dental
879:Labial
652:Turkic
591:, and
589:Europe
583:, the
567:) and
565:Quetta
543:Karluk
539:Turkic
512:Turkic
463:āzərgi
432:هزارگی
277:Hazara
269:Region
244:Azargi
240:Āzargi
3476:Tajik
3405:South
3241:North
3180:Digor
3072:Wakhi
3066:Vanji
3040:Munji
3035:Khufi
3017:Pamir
2788:Ezāfe
2759:Verbs
2754:Nouns
2694:Aimaq
2682:Tajik
2316:NAATI
1830:Poets
1679:kad-a
1498:šaydi
1494:balki
1411:(mo)
1394:(tu)
1352:kudam
1344:-qati
1300:-(r)a
1075:Trill
923:Nasal
906:Velar
861:póšum
698:Front
454:آزرگی
221:آزرگی
3466:Dari
3437:Luri
3391:Zaza
3379:Tati
3312:Laki
3265:Fars
3202:Saka
3185:Iron
2463:2011
2299:2023
2275:ISBN
2238:ISBN
2219:2014
2065:2014
2044:2014
1962:ISBN
1793:Flag
1671:tan-
1661:and
1536:now
1490:wali
1486:amma
1451:-mû
1431:-em
1428:-um
1400:(w)
1397:e/u
1304:-tar
1071:Flap
857:pašm
851:).
710:High
703:Back
654:and
597:Iran
569:Iran
504:Dari
470:and
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1588:na-
1584:bi-
1576:mê-
1568:mu-
1560:mi-
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1334:dar
1290:or
1282:-ān
1266:-hā
1240:x,ɣ
1236:/r/
865:ḵût
859:to
796:bot
790:but
786:buṭ
778:/a/
761:Low
740:Mid
529:In
398:haz
97:by
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