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577:) accompanying the Siamese troops, determined that 10 o'clock on the morning of 22 February 1885 was the most auspicious time to begin the assault. At the predetermined time, a gun was fired and the attacking forces began their advance against the Haw stronghold, a well-defended stockade 400 metres long by 200 wide, surrounded by bamboo and watched over by seven towers each about 12 metres high. The Thai and Laotian troops advanced in companies of 50 men, each under the White Elephant flag of Siam, and established themselves behind a temporary palisade 100 metres from the Haw fort. The attacking forces were armed with
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359:. In contrast the Yellow Flags, under the leadership of Huang Chung-ying, failed to acquire any legitimacy and, pursued by a combination of the Vietnamese and Black Flag forces, were broken up and defeated. In 1875–1876, following the capture and execution of Huang Chung-ying by the Black Flag-Vietnamese forces, the surviving Yellow Flag remnants fled westwards into the upper part of the Black River Valley where they harassed the townships of the semi-independent
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had sent them into the region to harass the French. This may have been true of the Black Flags in Tonkin, but there is no direct indication of official
Chinese involvement in Laos. The Haw continued their depredations until the mid-1890s, when a combination of Siamese and ultimately French pressure
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6-pounder (2.5 in/64 mm) guns, but these apparently lacked ammunition. McCarthy noted that most of the firing seemed to come from the Haw watchtowers and, despite Thai and Lao courage and almost reckless indifference to injury, "considerable execution" was caused to them. The Haw, on the other
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In the 1880s, the White Tai ruler of Muang Lay, Cam Oum, allied himself with
Chinese bandits who were plundering and causing considerable chaos in the area. During the years 1884 to 1887 two Siamese military expeditions made an effort to put down these depredations and reassert Siamese suzerainty.
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was to prove a more potent foe than the much-feared Haw. In McCarthy's words "the rain poured down steadily, and sickness prevailed". Accordingly, the
Siamese troops stationed in the Laos region remained at Luang Prabang or withdrew across the Mekong to Nong Khai. McCarthy travelled to Bangkok to
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borderlands in the 1884, when he led a Thai surveying expedition to Phuan and the southern frontiers of
Huaphan, as part of his task of mapping the Thai Kingdom. During this journey he travelled widely through territories subject to regular attack by the flag gangs. He noted that "as we went on,
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participated, "was ill-conceived, inadequately planned, and ultimately unsuccessful". Thanks to McCarthy's presence, the 1884-1885 expedition is unusually well-documented. McCarthy's personal accounts provide descriptions of the effort, suffering and incompetence of the Haw Wars which are more
441:. In the first Thai military expedition of the Haw Wars, they advanced to capture the main Haw base at Chiangkham. The expedition failed to achieve its primary objective, since the Haw refused to give battle and withdrew into the mountains of Phuan and
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hand, remained relatively unscathed. At 14:00 the Thais suffered a further setback when their commander-in-chief, Phraya Raj, was injured by a shot "weighing about two pounds, which glanced off the post of a
Chinese
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McCarthy was greatly impressed by the beauty and natural wealth of the regions, but found the inhabitants living a "wretched existence...harried, mutilated and slaughtered by robbers". As in
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Sukhothai. However, this Thai nobleman, ill with malaria, had withdrawn to Luang
Prabang. The Haw were able to seize the outpost and burn the Siamese stockade. With the onset of the
801:(1878The Chinese Triad (三合會) Pun Tao Gong assassinates the governor of Krabi ( กระบี่) , Phra Issarathichai (พระอิศราธิชัย). All 35 people involved in the murder are executed.)
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City Hall, now a community center and museum. A larger, newer one stands behind the police barracks. Down by the Mekong River in view of Laos on the opposite side stands
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to consult with the
Siamese military commanders and Chao Unkham. There he learned the Haw had advanced to Muang You, which should have been defended by troops under
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tales of the Haw were brought in, agonizing accounts of their raiding on villages, whose inhabitants they had slaughtered, mutilated or carried into captivity".
548:. He arrived at Luang Prabang on 14 January 1885, in time to witness the outbreak of hostilities that were to last three months before ending in failure.
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383:. These new bands, distinguished by "Red Flag" and "Striped Flag" banners, moved south to occupy nearly all of northern Laos. The Red Flags sacked
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Today the Haw Wars are all but forgotten. One memorial to the Thai and Lao soldiers killed in the struggle stands in front of the old
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McCarthy was ordered to return to Laos at the end of the rainy season. He set out from
Bangkok in November 1884, travelling by way of
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During the latter half of the 19th century, bands of
Chinese warriors known as "flag gangs" ravaged large areas of northern Laos.
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The "Chudhadhujdhippatai" standard (ธงจุฑาธุชธิปไตย), the colours of Royal
Siamese Army during the Haw wars, presented by King
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were demolished and desecrated in a search for loot. McCarthy wrote that "the wats had been wantonly destroyed, and piles of
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Further to the west, starting from about 1872, bands of defeated rebels began drifting across the frontier into Laos, then a
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Eight years later, in 1883, faced with a renewed Haw threat to his capital at Luang Prabang, Chao Unkham again appealed to
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Subsequently, McCarthy made enquiries into the origins and purpose of the Haw invaders. He concluded that the Governor of
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where he was standing and struck him in the leg." The attack on the Haw stockade eventually had to be given up.
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The Siamese operated out of Muang Thanh (Dien Bien) and maintained close relations with the Black Tai there.
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records lay heaped together, which, unless soon looked at, would be lost forever."
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advise King Chulalongkorn of the situation and await the return of the dry
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and northern Thai levies. The resulting expedition, in which the British
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Forbes, Andrew ; Henley, David (2011). "The Haw Wars", chapter in:
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forced them to retreat to China. The Haw wars were succeeded by the
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language for "ashes of the dead", and is also Thai for the planet
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and Birmingham-manufactured ammunition, and many were skilled in
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acquired a certain legitimacy and fame of the Vietnamese ruler
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frontier in 1865 and set up bases in the upper reaches of the
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721:. Tai Literary and Cultural Centre web site. Archived from
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was still believed in and was resorted to by both sides.
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McCarthy's journal (available from White Lotus Press)
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780:. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN: B006GMID5
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283:; Chinese: Hao). Forces sent by King
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723:the original
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689:(Dictionary)
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509:rainy season
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157:Haw rebels (
145:Belligerents
76:
67:
48:
1373:World War I
923:Prajadhipok
862:Individuals
648:สวนโศกเศร้า
389:Muang Phuan
317:Black Flags
301:freebooters
261:Lao domains
70:August 2015
62:introducing
1423:Categories
1213:Key events
1173:Nguyễn Ánh
1162:Foreigners
1136:Bodindecha
996:Vajiravudh
991:Vajirunhis
963:Wichaichan
925:(Rama VII)
917:Vajiravudh
901:(Rama III)
865:Key events
729:2 February
686:"ฮ่อ Haaw"
656:References
638:God of War
584:joss house
478:Lao-Tonkin
421:(Rama V).
405:, and the
401:, king of
345:Liu Yongfu
45:references
919:(Rama VI)
907:(Rama IV)
895:(Rama II)
758:8 October
703:April 13,
622:Angkhan (
616:Nong Khai
590:Aftermath
579:Armstrong
542:Uttaradit
494:palm-leaf
486:Vientiane
439:Nong Khai
415:Vientiane
118:1865–1890
1338:Haw wars
931:Viceroys
913:(Rama V)
899:Nangklao
889:(Rama I)
859:Monarchs
785:F.R.G.S.
697:Archived
536:in 1885.
467:surveyor
409:monarch
399:Oun Kham
279:; Thai:
255:and the
241:Haw Wars
232:Oun Kham
159:Red flag
123:Location
95:Haw Wars
18:Haw Wars
1168:Ang Eng
1120:Siamese
1023:Royalty
958:Pinklao
905:Mongkut
513:malaria
455:Bangkok
443:Huaphan
431:Siamese
379:of the
325:Vietnam
313:Vietnam
297:Outlaws
199:Unknown
58:improve
1248:(1802)
625:อังคาร
604:Yunnan
505:Phraya
435:Mekong
411:Tự Đức
407:Nguyen
357:Tự Đức
353:French
309:Tonkin
285:Rama V
253:Tonkin
133:Result
47:, but
880:Kings
565:Magic
321:China
760:2016
731:2010
705:2012
634:Mars
630:Pali
569:Hora
544:and
463:Isan
396:Chao
347:and
299:and
257:Laos
245:Thai
239:The
173:Siam
115:Date
787:,
620:Wat
574:โหร
546:Nan
437:at
361:Tai
281:ฮ่อ
277:ຫໍ້
273:Lao
269:Haw
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